A dictionary of the Choctaw language

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

BULLETIN 46 PLATE 1

CYRUS BYINGTON

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

BULLETIN 46

A DICTIONARY
OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

BY

CYRUS BYINGTON

EDITED BY

JOHN R. SWANTON AND HENRY S. HALBERT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1915

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY,

Washington, D. C., April 22, 1909.

SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith for publication, with
your approval, as a bulletin of this Bureau the manuscript of "A
Dictionary of the Choctaw Language," by the late Cyrus Byingtoii,
under the editorship of Dr. John R. Swanton.1
Very respectfully, yours,

W. H. HOLMES, Chief.

Dr. CHARLES D. WALCOTT,

Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

i Subsequently, as stated in Dr. Swanton's Introduction, Mr. Henry S. Halbert became associated
with him in the editorship.

304318

CONTENTS

Page.
Introduction vn

Phonetic key x

Choctaw-English vocabulary 1

English-Choctaw index 379

ILLUSTRATION

PLATE 1. Cyrus Byington - - - frontispiece

v

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW
LANGUAGE

By CYRUS BYINGTON

EDITED BY

JOHN R. SWANTON and HENRY S. HALBERT

INTRODUCTION
By JOHN R. SWANTON

This dictionary represents a portion of the results of nearly fifty
years of missionary service among the Choctaw Indians on the part of
its compiler, Rev. Cyrus Byington. Mr. Byington was also the
author of translations into Choctaw of several books of both the Old
and the New Testament, Choctaw almanacs,' a Choctaw definer, a
grammar of the Choctaw language, and some minor writings. His
grammar, edited by Dr. D. G. Brinton, was published in Philadel
phia in 1871, in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
(vol. 11, pp. 317-367). In the introduction to this grammar Dr.
Brinton gives the following account of the author's life:

* This eminent scholar and missionary, whose name is inseparably connected with
the later history of the Choctaw nation, was born at Stockbridge, Berkshire County,
Mass., March 11, 1793. He was one of nine children, and his parents were in hum
ble circumstances, but industrious and respected. His father was at one time a tan
ner, and subsequently a small farmer. Necessarily, therefore, his early education
was limited.

When a well-grown lad he was taken into the family of Mr. Joseph Woodbridge,
of his native town, from whom he received some instruction in Latin and Greek, and
with whom he afterward read law. In 1814 he was admitted to the bar, and prac
ticed a few years with success in Stockbridge and Sheffield, Mass.

His father though a moral was not a religious man, and it seems to have been only
after he reached manhood that Mr. Byington became, as he expressed it, "a subject
of divine grace. " He then resolved to forsake the bar and devote himself to mis
sionary life. With this object in view he entered the theological school at Andover,
Mass., where he studied Hebrew and theology, and was licensed to preach, Septem
ber, 1819. At this time he hoped to go to the Armenians in Turkey. But Provi
dence had prepared for him another and an even more laborious field.

For about a year he preached in various churches in Massachusetts, awaiting some
opportunity for missionary labor. Toward the close of the summer of 1819, a com
pany of 20 or 25 persons left Hampshire County, Mass., under the direction of
the American Board of Missions, to go by land to the Choctaw nation, then

VIIT BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 46

resident in Mississippi. They passed through Stockbridge, in September, and were
provided with a letter from the Board, asking Mr. Byington to take charge of them,
and pilot them to their destination. He \vas ready at a few hours' notice.

The company journeyed by land to Pittsburgh, where they procured flatboats, and
floated down the Ohio and Mississippi to a point near the mouth of the Yalobusha
River, whence a land journey of 200 miles brought them to their destination.

Throughout his missionary life Mr. Byington appreciated the value which a
knowledge of the language and traditions of the Choctaws would have to scholars.
From his arrival among them, therefore, he devoted assiduous labor to their language
with a view to comprehend its extremely difficult construction, and to render it avail
able for the missionary and philological student. The lirst draft of his Grammar was
completed in 1834. It was written and rewritten, until at the time of his death,
which occurred at Belpre, Ohio, December 31st, 1868, he was at work upon the
seventh revisal.

As left by Mr. Byington, the Choctaw dictionary consisted of live
paper- bound folio volumes, having entries on both sides of the leaves;
the whole work was modeled after the English or classical dictionary
of the author's time. Separate entries were therefore made of the
same word when used as noun, adjective, verb, etc., each followed by
a letter indicating the proper part of speech. The phonetic system
was constructed for the greater part by employing the English letter
representing most closely the Indian sound. Only two innovations
were introduced — the use of v (a true v sound not being present in the
Choctaw language) for the obscure a, and of lines under the vowels to
indicate nasalization. For these devices I have substituted the more
commonly used a and n. I have also changed the aspirated I (M)
into I. The sh and ch have been allowed to stand, although it is now
customary to represent these by c and tc, respectively. Furthermore,
in many instances I have combined in one word syllables separated
by Mr. Byington and later missionaries — as, for instance, the syllables
indicating pronominal relations, the reflexive, the negative, and some
of the tense signs — for it is evident that in these cases the syllables all
constitute one complex. Undoubtedly absolute accuracy has not been
attained in this particular, but the course followed is certainly a move
in the right direction. With the exceptions just mentioned the mate
rial is reproduced substantially as recorded by the author. It would
be fair neither to Mr. Byington nor to the editors, however, to pre
sent the dictionary as a finished work. In the quotation given above
Doctor Brinton speaks of the great care which the missionary bestowed
on the manuscript of his grammar when preparing it for the press;
unfortunately he had opportunity to make only a beginning1 in the
editing of his dictionary. Many entries consisted merely of brief
notes to be elaborated later or of references to cases not observed else
where and to be explained by further investigations. But the plan
which Mr. Byington had set before himself for his dictionary is one
not now of much value to students of American languages, and to
carry it to completion along those lines would involve an enormous

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE IX

amount of unprofitable labor. Therefore the work is presented almost
as he left it, as a source of valuable linguistic, and also ethnologic,
information faithfully recorded by one of the most capable of the
early missionaries at a time when many things were to be learned
vvhicn are now doubtless entirely forgotten. In order to increase the
utility of the dictionary an English -Choctaw index has been compiled
and appended, which will make it possible to find where information
is to be had regarding the Choctaw equivalent of each English word
or phrase given. This part is in no sense a dictionary, nor is it to be
regarded as such.

As might natural!}^ have been expected, Air. Byington's inspiring
motive was his desire to translate the Biblical writings into Choctaw
and to further the conversion of the Choctaw tribe to the Christian
religion. The present work contains therefore numerous references
to early translations of the Biblical writings undertaken by him.
From the changes incorporated into later editions it is evident that the
exact shade of meaning was not always determined in those first efforts,
but, in any event, perhaps it could only have been approximated, and
no attempt has been made to alter the references except in a few cases
where palpable errors had been made. Nevertheless, these citations
have been verified as far as possible and a few question marks inserted
where no words resembling the ones under consideration could be
found. In other instances it will be noticed that Mr. Byington has
ignored certain affixes of common occurrence which alter the exact
form as it appears in the text.

Anciently there were several Choctaw dialects, but only one of these,
that of the Sixtowns Indians living in the southern part of the old
Choctaw country, differed to any considerable degree from the stand
ard, or Longtown, dialect spoken in the western part of the Nation.
Moreover, this difference seems to have been confined mainly to cer
tain words, involving but very slightly the language as a whole. A
number of these Sixtowns words will be found interspersed through
out the present work.

It has been my good fortune to have enlisted as coeditor Mr. Henry
S. Halbert, of the Department of Archives and History, Montgomery,
Ala., who has spent many years of his life among the Choctaw
Indians, is familiar with their language, and is an enthusiastic student
of everything relating to the history and present culture of the tribe.
While he has noted and corrected many errors, he has deemed it best
to let certain doubtful words and sentences stand as in the original
manuscript, with the idea that they may represent certain dialectic or
archaic variations which have escaped him.

Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of Mrs. Eliza Innes,
of Lockesburg, Ark., daughter of the Rev. Cyrus Byington, and
of that of her son, Mr. E. S. Byington, of Broken Bow, Okla., in

X BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 46

placing at the disposal of the Bureau the photograph from which the
accompanying portrait of the author was reproduced; also his note
books for the years 1844-46 and 1861.

Abbreviations. — While a great many abbreviations have been used,
most of these will be readily understood. 0. B. or B. indicates the
compiler, Cyrus Byington; J. R. S. and H. S. H., the editors, J.ohn R.
Swan to n, and Henry S. Halbert; respectively. Of the other abbrevia
tions the principal are the following: a., adjective; adv., adverb; caus. ,
causative; con., connective; dem., demonstrative; dim. or dimin.,
diminutive; fern, or f., feminine; freq., frequentative; imp., im
perative; mas. or m., masculine; n., noun; nas. form or n. f., nasal
form; per., personal; pi. or plu., plural; pro., pronoun, also pro
longed; refv reflexive; sing, or s., singular; v. a. i., active intransitive
verb; v. i., intransitive verb; v. n., neuter verb; v. t., transitive verb.
Besides these will be found the names and initials of various Choctaw
Indians who are given as authorities for certain forms, and abbre
viations of the names of other works in the Choctaw language.

The description of Choctaw phonetics which follows is taken from
the first page of the manuscript dictionary, only such changes having
been made as were necessitated by the innovations alread}7 referred to.

PHONETIC KEY
ALPHABET

Letters Sounded

A a as a in father.

A a as v in tub, and a in above, around.

B b as in English.

Ch ch as in church.

E e as e in they, and short e as in met.

F f as in English.

Hh as in English.

I i as i in marine and short as i in pin.

K k as in English.

LI as in English.

LI as an aspirated I.

M in as in English.

N n as in English.

O o as o in note, go.

P . p as in English.

as in sir; never as * in his.

Sh sh as in shall.

T t as in English.

t u as oo in wool, u in full.

W \v as in war, we.

V y as in you.

DIPHTHONGS

Ai ai as / in pine.

An au as otr in now, how.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE XI

NASALIZED VOWELS

These are pure nasals, and retain the vowel sounds, except
before the letter k, in which case they are like the long
ang, ing, ong, ung. The usual sound is softer than «n<j, and
like that of the Erench vowel followed by n in the same

Un ur

syllable.
CONSONANTS AND VOWELS

Let it be remembered that each consonant has but one sound and that the sounds
ascribed to the vowels are such as they have, respectively, in accented syllables;
in unaccented syllables they have the sound of short vowels. English readers
should remember not to give the English sound to the vowels, except as noted in
the alphabet.

an, in, on, and tt», or some of them, are used as separate words or final syllables.
They are used also before the consonants and semivowels b, f, It, k, m, n,'s, sh, w,
and ?/. Before the consonant p, sometimes before 6 and the vowels, for the sake of
euphony the letter m is added, or the nasal sound becomes m of necessity from the
position of the organs of speech at that time, as am, im, out, urn.

Before cJi, I, t, and I the letter n is added, as an, in, on, un, and before the vowels
in many words the letter n is added to the nasal. an is never used; <tn is used in
its place. The vowel e is never used as a nasal, in being used in its place.

In making these remarks general rules are stated. It is not to be supposed that
each and all of the nasals are thus used. There are exceptions, which the student
must be ready to notice. An unwritten language has its anomalies and irregularities.

CHOCTAW- -ENGLISH
VOCABULARY

84339°— Bull. 40 — 15 1

CHOCTAW— ENGLISH

a, the first letter of the alphabet, sounded
as a in father.

a (when followed by a verb beginning
writh a consonant), adv. or locative par
ticle or prefix, means there, in that place,
at that time, at, from, on, in, of, by;
when the verb begins with a vowel,
« becomes at; achumpa, to bury at;
aminti, to come from; aiilli, to die at
or in. a and ai are used where in Eng
lish place is used; nusi, to sleep; anusi,
a sleeping place; aiimpa, an eating
place, a plate, dining room, table; chik-
aiamiho, repeated in Matt. 5: 35; of, in
chianukshopa, he is afraid of you; chi-
atoba, he is begotten of you: by, in aiok-
chanya, to live by, Matt. 4: 4: used as
a sign of the future tense; chi chia, cf.
John 1: 49; achin, ahe, ahinla; atuk,
ashke, as satoshbihashke; siakmat, hymn
66, v. 2: prefixed to a verb often
changes the verb to a noun, as aminti,
a source; literally, to come from; isht
ahachia, see John 15: 3; aiatta, a resi
dence; lit., to stay at. a and ai are
much used as prefixes in compound
ing words: prefixed to some cardinals
the latter become ordinals, as tuklo, two;
atukla, second; atuchina, third; and be
fore a vowel a becomes ai, as ushta,
four; aiuslita, fourth: an intensive be
fore consonants; aputta, abillia, afehna:
used before tuk and tok and their com
pounds a partakes of the sense of a defi
nite article or of a relative pronoun.
Sabannahatuk, that which I wanted;
"This is used when the person has
some doubt as to obtaining the thing
sought, while sabannashke indicates a
certainty in the expectation." — J. Hud
son.

a, ah, v. a. i., to say, to tell, to call; a-
//', I say; alikamo, I did say, and you
know it; imalikashkint, I told him
so before, or that is what I told him,
and you heard it (kashkint implies
previous knowledge on the part of the
hearer as well as on that of the speaker) ;
alahe keyu, I should not call, Acts,
10:28.

an [cf. at]. 1. A determinative particle
in the objective case after nouns and
meaning the; as, wak an />lmli, I see the
cow. Sometimes this article is pro
nounced han and yan [cf. hat and yaf]
for euphony. It is also a sign of, or with,
the future tense, and is used as a par
ticle of specification or emphasis after
verbs in present, future, and past tenses;
innukhanklotokan, Luke 10: 37; katimichi-
lahean, future tense, Luke 18: 41; h<>i><>-
nai/olahe a», Luke 18: 41. See Matt. 15:
31 for instances in the past tense; [also]
onanshahatok, Matt. 28: 2. Cheluselem
a», Jerusalem it, Matt. 2:1. 2. A rela
tive pronoun in the objective case after
verbs and adjectives and equivalent to
the English relatives the which, the
one which, that which, etc. It may
also be translated by the personal pro
nouns him, her, it, them, as Lakab «n,
Rachab her, Matt. 1 : 5. It is sometimes
written han or yan; cf. hat and yqt. The
aspirated forms are ah, hah, and yah.

an, a dative pronoun first per. sing., my;
to or for me; as, anholisso, my book.
Written also am and an; as amisuba, my
horse, lit., horse to or for me; anhoii-
topa, Matt. 3: 17. When it stands be
fore a verb, or a word where a verb is
understood, it is generally translated by
a preposition; as, for me, to me, of me,-
from me; anholissochi, write for me, or
tome; anpota, lend me; anchumpa, buy
of me, or buy for me; written also am,
as amithana, to learn of me. In the
negative forms this pronoun is written
sanaudsam; asiksanchumpo, iksamiksho,
I have none, or there is none by me;
chiksanpeso, you have not seen of mine,
or for me.

abaha, n., a mortar for mixing meat and
corn by beating or braying; a meat
mortar.

abaiya, n., the side, as the side of a
creek, swamp, or road.

abaiya, v. a. i., to be along the side of;
to lie along the side of.

-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

abaiyachi, v. a. i., to go along th'e side
of; to roam up and down; to range; to
wind its way, as a bullet discharged and
lodged in a deer, or a man going along
on the side of a swamp.

abaiyachi, n., a roamer; one that goes
along the side of a creek, etc.

abaiyachi, adv., lengthwise (of a field);
aJiekqchi (of cloth), q. v.

abaiyaka, 11., the side of a swamp or
creek.

abaiyat, adv., alongside of, along; as
abaiijqt any a, two verbs connected by
the letter t, meaning to be at the side
of and go along; bok abaiijqt anya, to go
along the side of the creek; hina abaiyat
anya, to go along the roadside.

abakli, v. a. i. pi., to split into large
pieces, blocks, slabs, or bolts for shin
gles.

abakli, pass., split; split into bolts.

abakli, n., the place where the wood is
split; a split.

abaklichi, v. t. cans., to split into large
pieces; to score off large pieces when
hewing logs.

abaklichi, n., a splitter; a scorer.

abaksacheka, n., a declivity; aside hill,
or mountain side, 2 Sam. 16: 13.

abaksileka, n., a mountain side; the
mountain side.

abaksha, abbaksha, n., the name of
the serpent commonly called chicken
snake.

abana, pass, of abqnni; aiitqbana,
fuunded upon, Matt. 7: 25.

abanali, v. tr. or intr., to lay on the neck,
or shoulder; hqshilabanali, Matt. 11:
2<>, 30; isfit iabqnali, Luke 15: 5.

abani, v. t. (pass., albqni), to cure by
drying over a fire; "to barbecue;"
vale it I pi a/Km/, to cure beef; takkon
abani, to dry peaches over a fire.

abani, n., a curer; one who cures meat
or fruit over a fire.

abasa, n. [from a bust i, to lay laths], lath;
the ribs of a roof.

abasali, v. i., to sprout; to germinate;
tanclii (if abasali, the corn sprouts.

abasali, abasalih, n., a sprout.

abasalichi, v. t. cans., to cause to sprout.

abachechi, v. t. cans., to practice; to
teach by practice.

abachi, v. t., to teach, Matt. 15: 9; ima-
bqchi, Matt. 5: 2; abahanchi, Matt. 13:
52, 54; holisso han imabqchi, to teach
him the book or the letters. Passive
qlbqchi.

abachi, v. a. i., to practice; to learn by
practice; to exercise.

abachi, n., a practicer.

abachi, n., an exercise; a practice; nan
isht imabachi, his doctrine.

abankachi, pi. pass., laid across; lying
crosswise, as timbers at the corner of a
house, or as rails in a worm fence.

abanni, v. t. pi., to lay across, as the logs
of a house; abana, pass, sing., laid
across; itabana, pass., laid across one
another, as house logs at the corners;
itabqnni, to raise a log house; to lay
across one another.

abasli, v. t., to lay laths; to lath; to lay
the ribs of a roof.

abasli, n., he that lays laths.

abaslichi, v. t., to cause laths to lie.

abasha, n., a sawpit; a place cut with
a knife, a saw, or an ax; a gash.

abasha, n., a place sawn; a cut with
a knife; a wound; a gash made by a
knife, scythe, sickle, or ax; harvest,
Matt. 13: 30; abqdia, pp., sawed at.

abasha, n., a mill; a sawmill.

abashli, v. t., to cut at; to cut there or
upon with a knife, scythe, or sickle,
or an ax, except in cutting wood; to
cut with a drawing motion; chanli is
to cut with a striking motion.

abashpoa, n., a place swept; pansJi])oa,
pass., swept, Matt. 12: 44; Luke 11 : 25.

abeha, v. a. i. pi., to be in, Matt. 2: 11;
to enter in; okhissa iskitinosi akon hash
aiabehasJike, enter ye in at the strait
gate, Matt. 7: 13; to go in; ont ilabeha-
heakon, we go away into, Matt. 8: 31;
also, Matt, 12: 45; 14: 22. Passive,
qlbeha, John 6: 22; 21: 3.

abeha, pass, pi., put in; put on; rammed
in.

abeha, a., fraught; full.

abeha, n., those which are in or on.

abehkachi, v. a. i. pi., to be clothed,
Matt. 11: 8; Rev. 7: 9; na fohka Jiofa-
loha dbehkqchi, Mark 12: 38.

abehma, a., farther up; higher up;
abefuiia talalituk, he set up. See abema.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

abehpa [from abeha], v. a. i. dual, to
enter; to come in.

abeka, n., sickness; disease; malady;
illness; a disorder; a distemper; an in
disposition; isht abeka, infection, lit.,
sick with, or by means of; cause of
sickness.

abeka, n., the sick; the person or per
sons affected with disease; abeka im-
a^sha, their sick, Matt. 14: 14.

abeka, a., sick; unwell; diseased; in
disposed; out of health; disordered;
ill; sickly; unsound; isht abeka, a., in
fected; sick with; neg., ikabeko, salu
brious; not sickly. See Matt. 9: 2.

abeka, v. t., to be sick; to be unwell,
diseased, or indisposed.

abeka, v. a. i., to sicken; isht abeka, sick
of, Matt. 8: 6, 14; 9: 6.

abeka, pass., distempered.

abeka apistikeli, n., a nurse; a watcher.

abeka apistikeli, v. t., to watch the sick;
to nurse; to tend the sick.

abeka ch.uh.mi, a., poorly; sickly; some
what sick.

abeka haleli, v. t., to take a disease by
infection; to catch sickness.

abeka haleli, n., contagion; infection.

abeka haleli, a., contagious; infectious;
catching.

abeka lakna, n., the yellow fever;
jaundice; lit., yellow sickness.

abeka okpulo, n., a fatal or mortal sick
ness; applied to a pest; a pestilence;
a plague; the cholera.

abeka shali, n., sickliness; a., sickly.

abeka shali, n. , an invalid.

abeka yatuk, v. t., that were diseased,
Matt. 14: 35.

abekachi, v. t. caus., to sicken; to make
sick; to disease; to distemper; to indis
pose; isht abekachi., v. t., to infect; to
sicken by means of; ilabekachi, 2 Sam.
13: 2, 5, 6.

abekoma, v. a. i., to be sickly, as T'nnoti
abekoma, 1 Tim. 5 (heading).

abela (from abili) , pp. poled; bushed.

abela, n., the place or thing poled or
bushed.

abeli, v. t. pi. of fohki, to put in, Mark
12: 42; to put on; to ring, i. e., to fit
with a ring, as the fingers; to stuff.

abeli, n., he who puts on or in.

abema, abehma (from aba and imn),

v. i., to be half way; to be higher up.
abenili, abinili (from a, there, and

binili, to sit), v. a. i., to sit down at;

to settle at, as in making any place a

home.
abenili, abinili, abenili, n., a settler; a

colonist; the sitting down or meeting,

as at a "cry;" a colony, see okla ivihn

abinili, Acts 16: 12.
abenilichi, abinilichi, v. t., to settle;

to establish in business or in life, or at

any place.
abenilichi, abinilichi, n., one that settles

another in a place, or in business.
abeta, abita, passive of '.ibili, poled.
abi, v. t, to kill, Gen. 37: 26. See

abi, from which abi, is derived by

lengthening the first vowel; abitok <in,

which killed, Luke 13: 4.
abicha, abicheli, n., a tap hole; a bung-
hole; a faucet; a spout.
abichakali, a., nineteen.
abichakaliha, adv., nineteen times; abi-

chakaliha piscdi katno, I did see it

nineteen times.
abicheli, see abicha.
abicheli isht akamassa, n., a spigot; a

spile.

abichkachi, n. pi., tap holes.
abila, v. a. i., to thaw, as snow or ice; to

thaw there; to melt at or there; pi.,

abela; (taloa kat sachunkash a abelah —

J. E.); ikabilo, or ikabelo, a., undis-

solved, where it does not melt,
abilia, adv., always, John 11: 42.
abila, pass, of abili, poled; bushed;

pointed at.
abilepa, n., the place aimed at, or

pointed at.

abilepa, a., seated round,
abilepa, v. a. i., to be seated round.
abili, v. t. pi., to set in by the end$;

to stick; to pole; to bush; to furnish

with poles or bushes, as peas or beans,
abilibli, v. t. sing., to point at a place

or thing, some object,
abina, n., a camp; a lodging out of doors

with or without a shelter overhead,
abina, v. i., to camp; to encamp; to lodge

out of doors.
abinachi, n., an encampment.

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[BTTLIj. 46

abinanchi, n., a place where a camp is
being made, Josh. 4: 8. [the ed. of
1852 has abinachi].

abinanchi, v. t., to be making a camp at.

abinachi, v. t., to make a camp.

abinili, abenili (q. v. ), v. i. sing., to
sit at or on; to settle at.

abinili, pass., peopled.

abinili, n., a settler.

abinili, n., settlement; the place where
one sits; a seat; a pew; abinit is con
tracted from abinili.

abinilichi, see abenilichi.

abinilit nan apesa, abinit nan apesa,
n., a judgment seat.

abinoli, v. a. i. pi. of abinili.

abinoli, n. pi., settlers.

abinoli, n. pi., settlements.

abinolichi, v. t. pi., to settle; to estab
lish at a place; to colonize; to cause to
take seats, as children or visitors.

abinot manya, to sit round.

abishlichi, n., a milk pail; any vessel
to milk into.

abita, see abeta.

aboha, n., a house; a building; a dwell
ing; a residence; a cabin; a room; a
dome; a domicile; a door, &$ abohaftsha ,
he is indoors; a fabric; a habitation;
housing; a lodging; a mansion, Matt.
17: 25; Luke 15: 8; qmabohu yan, un
der my roof, Matt. 8: 8.

aboha abaska, n., a gaming house; a
gambling room.

aboha achafa, n., one room; the other
room; a single room.

aboha afoha, n., an inn; a house of rest.

aboha ahoponi, n., a kitchen; a cook
room; a galley or caboose on ship
board.

aboha aiimpa, n., a dining room; an
inn; a tavern; a refectory; an eating
house.

aboha aionholmo itiitikoli, n. pi., raft
ers of a house; sing., <tbolm au>»holin<>
itiitikili, a rafter.

aboha anusechi, v. t., to entertain; to
lodge in a room.

aboha anusi, n., a bedroom; a lodging
room; a dormitory; a bower; a cham
ber, 2 Sam. 13: 10.

aboha anutaka, n., the place under a
house.

aboha anutaka kula, n., a cellar.

aboha apalaska, n., a bake house; a

bakery.
aboha apisa, n., a glass window; a

house window.

aboha apisa aialbiha, n., a window sash.
aboha apishia, n., a piazza; a veranda;

a shed that extends quite round the

house.
aboha anshaka okhissa, n., a back

door; a door in the rear of a house.
aboha atampa, n., an adjoining room;

a separate room; a spare room.
aboha ayupi, n., a bath room; a bath
ing house.

aboha chaha, n., a tower; a high house.
aboha chito, n., a hall; a large house.
aboha hanta, n., a white house; a

house of peace; a senate house; a state

house; a fane.

aboha hanta okla, n., Congress.
aboha holitopa, aboha holitompa

(Matt. 26: 69), n., a palace; a temple;

a sacred house; a costly house.
aboha hoshontika, aboha hoshintika,

aboha inhoshuntika, aboha impata,

n., a porch; a piazza; a portico; a ve
randa; a stoop; a gallery.
aboha inluksi, n., a house padlock.
aboha inpaiasha, n., a larder; a meat

house.
aboha intula, n., the foundation of a

house; the sill.
aboha iskitini, n., a cabin; a cot; a

hut; a lodge; a small house.
aboha isht holmo, n., a roof; a shingle;

a split board,
aboha isht holmoali, n., eaves of a

house; edge of the roof.
aboha isht okhilishta, n., a house door.
aboha itabana, pass., built, as a house,
aboha itabana, n., a building; a log

house.
aboha itabanni, v. t., to build a log

house; to put up a house; to raise a

log house.
aboha itabanni, n., a house raiser; a

house builder.
aboha itatapa, n., an apartment; an

adjoining room; an additional room.
aboha itintakla, n., a hall; space way;

the place between two or more houses.
aboha itipatalhpo, n., a house floor.
aboha ititakla, n., the hall, entry, or

passage; a space between the houses or

the rooms.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

aboha kallo, n., a prison; a jail; a cas
tle; a fortress; a strong room; a citadel;

a dungeon; a prison house; a ward,

Matt. 5: 25; 11: 2; 14: 3; 25: 36; Acts

16: 23; hold, Acts 4: 3.
aboha kallo apistikeli, n., a jailer; the

keeper of a prison.
aboha kallo apistikeli, v. t, to keep a

jail; to guard a prison,
aboha kallo alhpinta, pi., the prison
ers; see Acts 16: 25.
aboha kallo chaha, n., a tower,
aboha kallo foka, n., imprisonment;

incarceration,
aboha kallo foka, pp., imprisoned;

confined in prison; confined; immured;

incarcerated; prisoned,
aboha kallo foka, v. i., to lie in jail;

to be in prison.
aboha kallo foka, n. sing., a prisoner;

a jail bird.
aboha kallo foki, v. t. sing., aboha kallo

apitta, pi., to put in jail; to confine; to

immure; to incarcerate; to prison; to

imprison; to cast into prison.
aboha kallo foki, n., an imprisoner.
aboha kinaffi, v. t., to take down a

house.
aboha kuchichi, v. t., to unhouse; to

turn out of a house; to turn out of

doors.
aboha mismiki, n., a house with a roof

nailed on.
aboha nan aiachefa, n., a laundry; a

wash room; the room where clothes

are washed.
aboha nan chukushpa, n., household

stuff; furniture; aboha innan chokushpa,

its furniture.
aboha nana aiasha, n., a lumber room;

a lumber house.
aboha pakna, n., roof of a house, Josh

2: 6, 8.

aboha toshbi, n., rubbish,
abohush atta, n., a cottager.
abohushi, n. (dimin.), lit., " son of a

room," a closet, Matt. 6: 6; a cottage;

a cot; a small room; a hut.
abohushi fohka, pp., closeted; put in

a closet.

abohushi fohki, v. t., to closet,
abohushi fonka, a., being in a closet.
aboluktoli, v. t., to surround there.

aboli, n., a thicket; a brake; a hedge.

aboli, n., a place of deposit; place
of laying down anything; a deposit,
Mark 12: 41.

abolichi, v. t., to hit, as fani it!, oyia-
tuk an abolichi, hit the squirrel that
was going up the tree; iti isht pala
abolichi, strike the wedge.

abonuUi, v. t. sing., to roll up in; to fold
up in; to infold; toinwrap; nantannaka-
shofa linen achukma hon abonuUi, wrap
ped it in a clean linen cloth, Matt. 27:
59; linen an abonuUi, wrapped him in
the linen, Mark 15: 46; na lapushki linen
on abonullit . . . fohkitok, wrapped it
in linen and laid it in, Luke 2:7; 23:
53; nalllali on abonulli, Acts 5: 6.

abonullichi, v. t. caus., to cause it to
be rolled up in; to wrap it up.

abonunta, pass, sing., rolled up; being
rolled up in; ullonst at nalllali on abo
nunta, the babe wrapped in swaddling
clothes, Luke 2:12.

abonunta, n., a wrapper.

abunkachi,pass. pi., infolded; in wrapped;
rolled up in; rolled up.

abukbo, n., down, the fine soft feathers
of fowls, particularly water-fowls.

abunni, v. t. pi., to roll up; to double up.

achafa (from chafa, to run), v. t. sing.,
ayilepa, pi. to run after; to run down;
achafat abi, to run down and kill.

achanfa, a. (nasal form, from achafa
one), being one out of a number.

achafoa, a., a few and scattering; here
and there one; not many; rare; pre
cious, 1 Sam. 3: 1; achafoa, pass., singled
out.

achafoachi, v. t. cans., to select a few;
to take a few; to cause a few to be
taken.

achafoha, v. i., to be a few; achafonJia
(nasal form), being a few.

achafolechi, achafolichi, v. t. caus.,
to select a few; to take here and there
one; to single out, Matt. 25: 32.

achafoli, v. t., to select a few.

achaka, n., a continuation.

achaka, pass., spliced (from achakali},
continued; itachaka, pass., joined to
gether, reannexed, spliced, united,
welded; ikitachako, a., unconnected,
not welded.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL.. 46

achanka, a. (nasal form), succeeding,
following, next; itqcJianka, \. a. i., to
join together.

achakalechi, v. t., to continue; to add.

achakachi, v. t., to cause to advance.

achakalechi, v. t. cans., to continue; to
add on; to join to; itachakqlechi, v. t., to
reannex; adiakalliichi (nasal form), to
add; to continue; achakalinchimat, he
added when, Luke 19: 11.

achakali, v. t. sing., to splice; to add to;
to new lay an edge tool; applied to
putting edge to an ax; to piece; to
scarf; to subjoin; to unite; to weld;
•ilqcltakqli, to splice together; to couple;
to join; to scarf; /mx/t ilachakali, Matt.
(>: '27.

achakali, achakallechi, n., one that
splices, or new lays.

achakali, v. i. (acliakanli, nasal form;
achakakanli freq. ), to advance, to con
tinue; qbachakaliJosh. 5: 13andafc&a-
chakall, are perhaps formed from this
word.

achakli, v. t. pi. of achakali, to splice,
etc.; qlJichqka, pass, sing.; qlhchqkoa,
pass, pi.; itachakli (Heb. 4: 12),
"joints;" UacJtakqchi, n., a joint; v. t.,
to splice and join together.

achakli, n., one that splices.

achaya , v. i. , to be wont ; to be accustomed
to a place, as animals; wak at achai/qt
tafia, the cattle are wont; ikachaijo, a.,
unwonted.

achanya, n., a cutting block; a chopping
block; place cut, or wounded; a gash
made by an ax; pass., wounded at, or
there; n., a wound.

achayachi, v. t. cans., to accustom a
creature to a place so that it will stay
there; to wont; to habituate to a place.

achaba, asalbash, asachap, asalhchap,
hahchaba, n.. a log foot-bridge; a log
lying across a creek on which to pass
over. [<tlich(ij> is the word for footlog
in use among the Mississippi ( "hoc-
taw.— II. S. II.]

achafa, achaffa, n., oneness; singleness;
a unit; unity.

achafa, a., one; the other; another; a;
an; certain; individual; particular; sim
ple; single; sole; undivided, Matt. 8: 18;
12: (>; 17: 4; xalajt achafa, one; nan-
ashqchi achafa, Luke 15: 7; hatak

achafa, a man, a certain man, Luke 15:
11; ninak achafa, a night, or all night.

achafa, v. n., to be one; to be single;
achafa yoke, it is one; imachgfa, for him
one, or, he has one; ikachafo, neg.
form, not one; ibaiachqfa, Matt. 5: 25;
achanfa, nasal form.

achafa, v. a. i., ishachqfa; isld ilachqfa,
Gen. 1: 11; achafali, I make one; 1 do
one; achafa si a, I am one.

achafa atampa, a., plural; more than
one.

achafa yuka, a., dist. pro., each one;
achafa aiyukqt koJichqt ihinya mat, John
8: 9; achafa aiyukali, every one, Josh.
6: 5; hatak achqfaiyukali, man by
man, Josh. 7: 16.

achafahpi (from achafa and ahpi), v. a.
i., to be the first one; the being the
first one: achqfampi, nasal form and a.,
neither; with a neg., achqfampi keyu;
achqfampi kia keyu, not either; not even
one; not the first one.

achafali, v. t., to give one; to do one;
to single out one, Matt. 6: 24; Gen.
2: 21; achqfalichit aiinhotofahian qlhpe-
sahatok, for of necessity he must re
lease one, Luke 2.S: 17.

achafalichi, v. t., to select out one;
to make one of all, Eph. 1: 10.

achafalit, adv., achqfalit ixhi, each one
take; individually take; achqfalit /»-
nukk'dU cJta, or individually, Luke 16:
13; achqfat, an abbreviation; achafat ofi
at qbi, for achqfalit ofi at qbi, the dog
singled out one and killed it.

achafoa (see achafoa), John 8: 9 [in
the printed edition achafa].

achafona, a. (from achafa one, and ona
to reach to), even one; as much as one;
perhaps one, Matt. 5: 30; (5: 29, 10: 2<);
18: 6, 10, 12.

achafonachi, v. t., to make one: to select
out one, Luke 9: .'111.

achakaya, n., an addition, piece
spliced on.

achakaya, a., spliced at.

achanaiya, v. i., siachquaii/a hnka (per
haps a misprint for ftiafiqnnii/a hokn;
see ahinna).

achapi, ahchapi, v. t., to play at a cer
tain game of chance in vogue among
the Choctaw. This is an ancient game,
not in much use now; pass., qlhchqpl.

RYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

achapi, n., a player of the above; one
that plays; the play.

achchukmali, v. .t., intensive form, Matt.
17: 11; to improve; to repair; to make
good; to ameliorate; to benefit; to
better; to rectify; to regulate; to sub
stantiate; ttaiachukmali, to justify him
self, yammak ashot ilaiaadiukmali banna
kat, he is willing to justify himself;
Luke 10: 29.

acheba, a., mischievous; troublesome.

acheba, v. n., to be mischievous.

achebachi, v. a. L, to preserve; to hold
out.

achefa, ahchifa (q. v.), v. t., to wash;
to cleanse, Matt. 15: 2; pass., aJtcJt!fa,to
be washed, Mark 7:5; ilaiachifa, to wash
one's self, John 2: 6; to purify; pass.,
allicltefa, John 13: 10; ikahchifo, un-
washen, Matt. 15: 20; alhchefa, pp.,
washed.

achelita, see addH'tta.

achi, v. a. i., to say; to speak; to call; to
assert; to declare; to answer; quoth
(as quoth he; quoth I); to rehearse; to
suggest; to utter; John 1: 21; 3: 1; 4:
25; 1 Sam. 9: 9. uiachi pro., ahanchi,
freq., Matt. 7: 27, 28; aiahanchi, pro.
and freq. add awslia, to be said; this is
an expression, not the passive form of
add; achilok an aflshashke, Luke 4: 12;
ikadio, not to say, the neg. form of achi;
ikacho, a., undetermined; unsaid, ach-
ishke, they say, Matt. 11: 19. acliit,
adv., or a verb, to say and; when two
verbs are thus united the first has an
adverbial sense as in Heb., adiit
anumpuli, really to say; really to speak;
to say what he means; lit., he says and
speaks; ach'd hodiifo, to call by name;
lit., he says and names, achitanoll, v.,
to speak freely; without fear; lit., he
says and declares.

achi, n., a maxim; a saying.

achi, n., a rehearser.

achin, chin, sign of the instant or imme
diate future of the indicative mood,
but it does not mean purpose or inten
tion; it simply expresses futurity as to
time; shall, will.

achiba, a., slow, laborious, tedious, be
lated, hard, late, Mark 2: 9; occupying
some time; see alichiba.

achiba, v. n., to be slow, laborious, or
tedious; ahdiieba, pro. form of a/tc/u&a.

achibachi, v. t. caus., to cause to be
slow, tedious, or troublesome.

achibali, v. t. , to render tedious; to pro
tract; to draw out; chiksamaltddbalo kia,
"trouble me not," Luke 11:7.

achifa, see achefa.

achik, fut. sign, will, shall; sameaso/n";
as ia laddie, I will go; anwninnadiik, he
will speak.

achike, adv., probably will be, and si^rn
of imp. in a mild sense.

achiletali, v. t. caus., to make fierce.

achillita, n., eagerness.

achillita, achelita, achilita, v. n., to
be fierce, zealous, engaged, resolute, or
unflinching, Matt. 11: 11; ai'hiU'mta,
nasal form.

achillita, a., fierce; zealous; resolute;
eager.

achillita, pass., rendered fierce; made
resolute,

achillitachi, v. t. caus., to make fierce.

achilanlichi, see ddlanlidii.

achini, adv., likely; probably; seemingly;
apparently.

achini, v. n., to seem so; to appear.
ahddni, to be certainly so; when not be
fore known; to be certain after inquiry
is made, Deut. 17: 4; aka itnlatuk
addnitok, unexpectedly, but so, 1 Sam.
5: 3, 4; see diini.

achinto, a., from chito, being large when
others are small; anumpa na yukpali
achinto feJtna, ''good tidings of great
joy," Luke 2: 10.

achintok (a sign of tense), was to be,
should have to be, compounded of re
mote past and instant future.

achintuk (tense sign), was to be, should
have to be, Si&ialachintuk, I was to have
gone.

achishi, v. t., to scent; to smell, as dogs.

achishi imponna, a., sagacious, as a dog
in smelling.

achohmi, see adiuhmi.

achokushpa, pass., to be accused, belied,
or slandered.

achokushpa, a., slanderous.

achokushpachechi, v. t.. to cause a
person to be slandered.

achokushpalechi, v. t., to slander; to
tattle.

10

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

achokushpalechi, n., a slanderer; a
tattler.

achokushpali, v. t., to slander; to tattle;
to backbite; to accuse.

achokushpali, n., a slanderer; a back
biter.

achokushpachi, pp., to be slandered.

achokushpachi, a., slandered.

achosha, pp., to be inserted, as an ax
in wood or a plow in the earth.

achoshuli, v. t. sing., to insert; to set
in endwise, as a cog or a spoke in the
hub or nave of a wheel, or a linchpin;
achushli, pi.

achoshunni, achoshoninchi, v. a. i., to
grow, as a young peach. — Jackson.

achowa, v. t. to differ; to disagree; to
dispute; to contend in conversation.
itachoiWj the reciprocal form is often
used; to contend; to brangle; to dis
pute; to debate; to fall out; to jangle;
to quarrel; to strive; to vary; to wran
gle, iiachna, n., a broil; a dispute; a
feud, itackoa, n., a disputant, itacho-
waclii, to cause to differ, itachoachi, n.,
an incendiary; one who inflames a fac
tion.

achuhmi, achohmi, v. i., to be thus, or
so. achiyuhmi, acJioyuiimi. pro. form.

achuka, v. a. i., to dwell at; to reside
at; to keep house at; see Josh. 2: 15:
itincliuka, reciprocal form; to dwell to
gether; to keep house for each other as
husband and wife; itachuka, v. a. i., to
keep house together; itinchuka, n., a
husband or a wife; itincliukali, my hus
band or my wife, as the case may be;
generally used by the woman when
speaking of her husband to others;
achoyuka, pro. form of (ichuka.

achukbi, achukbika, place of a corner;
ficliii/cbi'li, pi., corners, Rev. 7: 1.

achukma, pass., improved; bettered;
mended; rectified; redressed; reh'ned;
regulated; made good.

achukma, a., pi. lux-Jmkina, good;
excellent; benevolent; kind; gracious;
choice; sound; sterling; substantial;
useful; valid; virtuous; well; accept
able; sound; wholesome; whole, Luke
6: 10; handsome; courteous; deli
cate; delicious; delightful; decent; ele
gant; esteemed; exquisite; fair; line;
finical; generous; genuine; gracious;

healthful; healthy; honest; nice; per
fect; pleasant; pretty; respectable; rep
utable; righteous; royal; salutary;
sane; serviceable; ikachukmo, a. neg.,
not good; bad; degenerate; disastrous;
evil; gross; injurious; offensive; pre
posterous; sinful; troublous; unapt; un
comely; uncomfortable; unfavorable;
ungenial; unhealthy; unholy; unjust;
unlawful; unlovely; unpleasant; un
profitable; unrighteous; unwholesome;
unworthy; ikimachukmo, a., unaccepta
ble.

achukma, n., goodness; excellence;
excellency; fairness; good; pureness;
purity; safety; soundness; virtue; weal;
peace, 2 Kings 9: 17, 18, 19; nana
achukma, n., grace; a good deed; nana.
achukma k<tn, Matt. 12: 11; aiachukma,
n., Matt, o: 34.

achukma, v. a. i., to act good; to do
well, Matt. 6: 4; to be good, Matt. (>: 22;
ishachukma, thou doest well.

achukma, v. n., to be good or excellent;
pimachukmashke, Matt. 17: 4; ikachuk-
mo, neg. ; achunkma, nasal form; acho-
hunkma, freq.; achoyukma, pro. form;
imachukma, to be good for him; v. t.,
to love to delight, 2 Sam. 24: 3; Itlna-
chuknia, to be good to each other.

achukma, adv., finely; soundly; ik-
cLchukmo, adv., ill.

achukma ahoba, a., specious; seemingly
good.

achukma aiali, a., prime.

achukma ansha, n., welfare; a., well.

achukma atapa, a., supereminent.

achukma fehna, a., very good; rare.

achukma inshaht tali, a., best; first
rate; in the superlative degree.

achukma inshali, a., better; preferable;
superfine; supereminent; transcendent.

achukma keyu, a., not good; unad-
visable.

achukma moma, a., unimpaired.

achukmanka, n., a good condition of
health; the goodness(well, as to health.)

achukmanka, v. n., to be well, or in
health.

achukmalechi, v. t. caus., to make
good; to repair; to heighten; to better;
to improve; to mend; to redress; tore-
line; to make peace.

achukmalechi, n., a repairer.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

11

achukmali, n., an improver; a repairer.

achukmalit, adv., diligently, Matt. 13:
36; 15: 15; Luke 15: 8; "in order,"
Josh. 2: 6; acJtukmalit imaponoklotok,
inquired of them diligently, Matt. 2: 7.

achukmalit ashachi, v. t., to dispose;
to lay away with.

achukmalit pisa, v. t. , to scrutinize.

achukmat, adv., well; orderly; plainly;
securely.

achukmat anoli, v. t. , to depict.

achukmat apesa, v. t., to arrange.

achukmat alhpisa, pass., arranged; ad
justed rightly.

achukmat boli, v. t., to hoard; to lay
up well.

achukmat inshat isht ia, v. a. i., to
improve.

achukoa, n., a^i entrance; an entry; a
passage into.

achumpa, n., a market; a place for
purchasing or buying; the place where
bought.

achunanchi, v. a. i., to persevere; to
continue; to make an effort; to endure;
to persist; to plod; to strive; to weather;
see Matt. 10: 22.

achunanchi, a., ardent; persevering;
close; keen; pertinacious; sedulous; un
wearied; ikacliunancho, a., unconstant.

achunanchi, n., perseverance; resolution.

achunanch.it pisa, a., studious.

achunli, v. t., to sew; to darn; to stitch;
•itdchunli, reciprocal; to sew together;
to list; to sew; to tack together.

achunli, n., sewing; stitching.

achunli, n., a sewer; a seamstress.

achunsha, v. n., pass, of aclioslndi, to
stand in,, or hang by one end, as an
arrow to a wounded deer, or as a linch
pin.

achunsha, a., hanging in.

achushkanchi, v. n. pi. , to stand on end,
as spokes in the hub of a wheel.

achushkanchi, nasal form, being placed
in.

achushkachi, pass., inserted; placed in.

achushli, pi., see achoxhuli.

achushoa, pass, pi., inserted.

achushoa, v. n., to stand in.

achushoa, n. pi., those which stand in,
as spokes, cogs, etc.

achunwa, ahchunwa, pp., sewed; a.,
sewed; united by stitches; seamed.

afabi, a., left; left handed.

afabi, n., a left-handed person.

afabi, v. i., to be left handed.

afacha, v. n., to be fast, close, tight, or
shut; itafacha, v. a. i., to lock; to fas
ten it together.

afacha, afancha, pass., fastened;
latched; 'isht afacha, fastened with; n.,
a latch; a hasp.

afachali, sing., afashli pi., afashkarhi
pass., to fasten; to latch; to hasp;
afasha, pass, pi., latched; fastened.

afachali, n., a fastener; one that makes
fast or firm.

afahama, v. t., to strike at or on.

afahama, n., the place smitten or
struck.

afahata, v. a. i., to swing in, on, or at.

afahata, n., a swing; the place where
the thing swings.

afalama, v. a. i., to turn at; to return,
Luke 2: 43; to relapse; to return from;
to turn back at.

afalama, n., a return; the place at
which one turns back; a relapse.

afalamaka, n., the place or point of
turning back; the return.

afalamichi, afalaminchi (nasal form),
v. t., to answer; to reply; to make
return, I Sam. 2: 16; Josh. 1: 16; 4: 7;
Matt. 8: 8; 11: 4; 13: 14; 17: 11; John
3: 5; Gen. 40: 18; afalamincldt ikmiJto-
hitok, he answered nothing, Matt. 27: 12.

afalapoa, adv.; afalapoat pisa, to behold
sideways; to look sidelong.

afalapoli, v. a. i., to look at a thing
sideways; to ogle (in a woman).

afalapa, v. a. i. , to be obscure or doubled
over (applied to language).

afalapa, v. a. i., to place the head on
the side of, as of a tree; to listen to a
bell at a distance.

afama, v. a. i., v. t., to meet; to join; to
come across, Matt. 8: 28, 34; Josh. 2: 16;
8: 5; 9: 11, 12; slafama, he met me;
ita/ama, to meet with; to meet to
gether; to meet each other; to en
counter; to light upon; itafamali, I met
with him; aiitafama, to meet with each
other at; to meet together at, or there;
afamahe keyu, a., will not meet.

afama, n., one that meets; also the name
of a man, a meeter; afamat all, to meet
at and kill.

12

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 43

afana, pass., staked (as a fence).
afanalechi, afanalechi (from a stem

afantdi), v. t., to see into; to search; to

make search; <ifanalec,hitilhana,tose&rch

and know, Rev. 2: 23.
afanali, v. t., to direct; to guide,
afananchi, v. a. L, to look through a

hole; topeeporpeek; afanantqthikikina,

v. a. i., to be peeping; to stand about

and peep,
afanata, n., a helmsman; the man at the

helm.

afancha, see afacha.
afataha, n., a place to swing in or at; a

swing.
afataiya, v. a. i., to be crosswise — like

okfowata, okfoata, or okhoata (q. v.).
afabeka, n., the left hand,
afabekimma, a., sinister; left handed,
afabekimma, adv., to the left hand; on

the Left hand; qlhfqbeka, is also used in

Luke 23: 33.
afama (from fqmmi, to whip); n., a

whaling; a whipping post,
afammaiyukali, adv., annually; yearly;

each year,
afammi, n., a year; also a yearling,

Josh. 5:6, 12; ilqppqt afqmmi atuchina

makon, "these three years," Luke 13: 7;

afqmmi pokoHuntachina (tkocJiaushta, 84

years, Luke 2: 37.
afammi, v. i., to be a year, as out

afqmmi.

afammi achafa, n., one year; a twelve
month; a fqtninihosh afammikma, "from

year to year."

afammi hannali, a., sexennial,
afammi hannalikma, a., sexennial;

when it is six years,
afammi iklanna, n., half a year,
afamml iklanna, a., semiannual.
afammi iklannakma, adv., semian-

nually.

afammi talepa achafa, 11., a century.
afammi talepa achafakma, adv., every

century; every hundred years,
afammi talepa sipokni achafa, n., a

thousand years; the millennium,
afammi tuchinakma, a., triennial,
afammi untuklo, a., septennial,
afammi untuklokma, a., septennially.
afammikma, adv., yearly; annually;

everv vear, Luke 2: 41.

afammikma ilhpeta, n., a pension;
a yearly allowance or gift.

afamraikma ilhpitachi, v. t., to pen
sion.

afanalechi, see afanalechi.

afashkachi, pass, pi., fastened; latched;
from afqshli.

afashkachi, n. pi., cogs.

afashli, pi. of afachali, to fasten; to latch;
qUifqsha or afashkachi, pass.

afebli, v. t., to dent in deep, as into the
skull, or anything hard like a gourd
shell.

afehna, v. i., to be very; mihma nukowa-
kan afehna mat, Luke 6:11, 45. (These
references are to the first translation of
Luke.)

afehnichi, afehnachi, v. t., to praise; to
extol; to make much of; to laud.

af ekommi, v. i., to be mischievous; to be
impatient.

afekommi, a., mischievous; impatient;
isht afekommi, v. t., to tease with; to
worry with.

afekommichi, v. t. cans., to make mis
chievous.

afena, v. a. i. sing., to come up; to rise
when pried.

afena, pass, sing., pried up; raised up by
prying.

afenali, v. t. pi., to pry up; (afinni, sing. ;
afikqchi, pass. pi.).

afepa, v. i. and pass, of afebli.

afepoa, pi. of afebli.

afetapa, v. i., to be hurt by accident.

afetapa, n., an accidental injury.

afetibli, v. t. sing., to ensnare; to en
chant; afetijtoli, pi.

afetibli, n., an ensnarer; an enchanter.

afetipa, pp., enchanted; greatly inter
ested; see qfl 'etlpa.

afetipa, v. i., to be enchanted.

afetipa, n., enchantment.

afetipoa, pass, pi., enchanted.

afetipoa, v. i. pi., to be enchanted.

afetipoa, n., enchantings.

afetipoli, v. t. pi., to ensnare; to en
chant.

afetipoli, n. pi., enchanters.

afinkachi, pass. pi. of afcnati, to be pried
up; pried.

afilema, v. a. i., to relapse; to backslide;
to turn over back.

fiYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

13

afilema, n., a relapse.

afilemoa, v. a. i. pi. of afilema.

afilemoa, n., relapses.

afilimmi, v. a. i. sing., to relapse; to turn

back; to turn over; afilammi is to turn

away to the right or left,
afilimmichi, v. t. caus., to cause a relapse

or turning hack.
afinni, v. t. sing., to pry; to turn the

helm; to turn a boat by the helm;

afinnit aba isht ia, to pry up; to pry arid

take up.

afinnit abishtia, v. t. , to pry.
afisa, n. (from English "officer"), an

officer, Gen. 39: 1.
afoa, v. t., to scuffle for; to contend; to

resist; to force, 1 Sam. 2: 16; itima-

foa, to scuffle together; to contend; to

contest with each other; ilafoa, n., con
tumacy.
afoa, affoa (q. v.), pp., wound around;

nantapgski noshkobo isht afoatuk ato, the

napkin that was about his head, John

20:7.

afoachi, n., a wrapper; an envelope,
afobli, afopli, v. a. i,, to go round; to

pass around ; to encircle.
afoblichi, v. t. caus., to cause to wind or

go round.

afoha, n., a rest; a place of rest; a har
bor, Josh. 1:13, 15; afohahe a» hash

ahauchahimakoke, "ye shall find rest,"

Matt. 11: 29.
afoha, v. i., to rest at, on, in, or there;

afohahe, Matt. 12: 43.
afohachi, v. t. caus., to give rest at, on,

in, or there.
afohka, afoka, n., a pocket; a case; a

place into which a single thing is put.
afohka, afoka, pass., put in at; placed

in there; afoyuka, "conceived in her,"

Matt. 1 : 20.

afohka, v. i., to go in at; to go in there,
afohkachi, v. t. caus., to put in; to cause

to go in.
afohkechi, afokkechi, v. t., to cause to

go into a path or river,
afohki, v. t., to put in.
afohoma, n., a hem; a rim; a band; a

welt.
afohoma, pp., hemmed, rimmed, lined,

welted,
afohommi, v. t., to hem; to rim; to

put on a rim or hoop at the border;

to line; to welt a shoe; to rim a banket;

afoli, pi., q. v.
afohommi, n., one who makes a hem

or rim.
afoka, afohka, pp., put in; afonJika,

nasal form.

afoka, afohka, n., a case,
afolakto, v. i., to be forked at, as the

limbs of a tree or as a road.
afolakto, n., a fork; the place where

there is a fork,
afolakto, pass., forked.
afolaktochi, afolaktuchi, v. t. cans.,

to make a fork.

afolaktua, v. i. pi., to be forked.
afolaktua, n., forks.
afolaktua, pass., forked.
afolaktuli, v. t. pi., to make forks

there or at.

afolokachi, seefullokachi.
afololichi, v. t. sing., to surround; to

turn about at.
afolota, afoluta, afullota, v. a. i., to go

round at; to take a circuit there or at;

afolotoa, pi.

afolota, pass., taken round at; afolotoa, pi.
afolota, afullota, n., the circuit; the

extent round; a range; afolotoa, n. pi.

of afolota.
afolotachi, caus. sing., to compass, Josh.

6:3, 7.

afolotolichi, v. t. pi. of afololichi.
afolotowachi, v. t. caus. pi., to lead

round; to take round.
afolubli, v. a. i., to encircle; to surround;

to environ, Josh. 7: 9; aiimpa yan afo-

luplit echiya, wrasitto surround; afolublit

Mno1imanyatok, "sat about him,"

Mark 3: 32.
afolupa, pp., encircled; afolumpa (nasal

form), as afolumpa yakni moma kan,

"roundabout," Mark 1: 28.
afoluplichi, v. t. caus., to encircle; to

surround; to cause others to surround,
afoluta, see afolota.
afoli, v. t. pi., to wind round; to roll

round; to wrap round; to involve; to in-

wrap; to reel; to rim; to swathe; to

twine; to wind; alhfoa, affoa, pass.,

nantapaski yoxh isht alhfoyukatok, was

bound about writh a napkin, John 1 1 :44;

nantapaski noxhkolio ixlit afoatuk ato, the

napkin that was about his head, John

20: 7.

14

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

afolichi, v. t. caus., to cause to be wound;
to make them wind; to turn; to whirl;
to furl.

afopa, v. a. i., to be around.

afotoha, n., an auger hole, the place
where it is bored; a mill, the place
where it is ground; a grist mill; tanch
afotoJia, a corn mill.

afotoha, pass., ground at; bored at.

afotoii, v. t., to bore at or there; to
grind at or there. This word describes
the motion round in grinding and bor
ing, and a means place where.

afoyua, afoyuha, (pp. from afoi, to
wind round; from afoa or qffoa, pp.)
lengthened form, wound round. See
John 11: 44 (alhfoyuha in the last
translation).

afulli, v. t., to stir a liquid and to
thicken food while cooking, as mush,
and tanfula, Indian hominy; qffula,
qlhfula, pass. form.

afullichi, v. t. caus., to make or cause
to stir.

afullota, see afulota.

ah, int., oh!, calling attention, like hark!
listen !

anh, adv., yes, it is; one form of the verb
to be and in the third person; siah, I
am; chiah, tliou art; ah, he is; it is;
halnk, it was; «w// is nasalized to make
it distinctive, or definite like a^+h, the
substantive verb being added.

ahabli, ahapli, n., a stirrup"; a step; a
stepping place; a degree; a pace; a
treadle belonging to a loom, 1 Kings
10: 19.

ahabli, v. t., to tread there; to tread on;
to trample; ahali, pi.

ahabli, pass., trodden on; ahqla, pi.

ahablichi, v. t. sing., to tread into the
ground; to make one tread on it;
nlmUchi, pi., Matt. 7: 6; Luke 10: 19;
also Rev. 11:2.

ahablichi, n., a treader; ahqlichi, pi.

ahanh, n., a negative; a negation.

ahanh, adv., no; not so; a decided nega
tive; nay; aha, 2 Sam. 13: 12.

ahah achi, v. a. i., to say no; to refuse;
to deny; to negative.

ahah ahni, v. a. i., to take heed; to be
cautious; to beware of; to be careful;
to take care; to be watchful; to heed;
to look; to see; ahah hashimahnashke,

Matt. 7: 15. ahanh hashaiahni, Matt.
16: 6, 11; also Matt. 6: 1; 8: 4; Mark 8:
15; ahah ikahno, v. a. i. neg. form, not
to take heed.

ahah ahni, a., mindful; scrupulous; so
licitous; vigilant; careful; cautious;
wary; circumspect; considerate; ahah
ikahno, aJiah ahni iksho, a., careless;
heedless; incautious; inconsiderate;
reckless; unguarded; unmindful; un
wary.

ahah ahni, adv., warily; carefully.

ahah ahni, n., a caution; care; heed.

ahah ahni iksho, a., heady; careless;
supine. [This may be used also as a
noun, meaning heedlessness, etc. —
H. S. H.]

ahah ahni iksho, adv., loosely.

ahah ahni keyu, n., rashness.

ahah ahnit impa, n., regimen; or to eat
with care.

ahah ikahno, n., mistrust.

ahah imahni, v. t., to take heed of him;
to look out for him; to beware of him,
Matt. 7: 15.

ahaklo, n., a hearing.

ahaksa hinla, a., pardonable.

ahaksi, v. n., v. t. , to forget; not to notice;
to neglect; to omit; Jiolisso han »iahaksi,
I forgot the book.

ahaksi, n., an excuse.

ahaksi, pass., forgotten; overlooked;
neglected; excused; pardoned.

ahaksichi, v. t., to overlook; to miss;
to neglect; to excuse; to forgive; to
omit, Matt. 23: 23; achgfa kamo aha-
ksicha hinla, Luke 16: 13; holisso ha™
pisalahctuk osJi, ahaksichili, the book
which I should have studied I neg
lected.

ahaksichi, n., one that forgets, over
looks, neglects, misses; a forgiver; a
pardoner.

ahaksichi shali, a., remiss; very for
getful.

ahaksit kania, n., oblivion.

ahalaia, v. a. i., to meddle; ahaJaia/i
keyu, I have no interest, Luke 12: 9.
(See oelow. )

ahalaia, n., a meddler.

ahalaia, ahalaya, v. a. i., to be inter
ested; to have a care or concern, or in
terest; to pertain; Luke 15: 7; nanla
hon ix/tt isJipiaJialaia rliof what hast thou
to do with us? Mutt. 8: 29; ahalan-

BYINGTON]

•A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

15

ya, Matt. 13: 11: 16: 23; siahalaia keyu,
I am not interested ; ilahalaia keyu, we
are not interested; amahalaia; isht
ahalaia, v. t., to care about; to have a
concern or interest in ; to have to do with ,
Luke 4: 34; to concern; to interest; isht
ikahalaio, a., disinterested; isht ahalaia
keyu, a., impertinent; v. n., to be im
pertinent.

ahalaia, a., interested; concerned; med
dlesome; rightful; ikahalaio, ahalaia,
keyu, a., neutral; uninterested; free
Matt. 17: 26; itimahalaia, interested
in each other; itimahalaia, n., inter
course; mutual interest.

ahalaia, n., a concern; an interest.

ahalalli, n., a shaft; a thill; a trigger; a
handle; a bail; a button; a knob; a hilt.

ahalalli, v. t. , to take hold of, or at, or
there.

ahalupa, n., the edge; the place which
is sharp; iskifa ahalupa, the edge of
an ax.

ahalupa anukpilefa, n., a feather edge;
an edge that is turned up.

ahalupa anukpilefa, a., feather edged.

ahalupa anukpilifi, v. t., to turn up
the edge.

ahama, n., ointment; oil for the pur
pose of anointing; unction; pansh aha
ma, hair ointment, Matt. 26: 9, 12;
nan ahama, ointment, Mark 14: 3;
Luke 7: 37; John 12:5.

ahama, n., anointing. 1 John 2: 27.
See 1 John 2: 20, where unction is trans
lated as a verb.

ahama, pass., anointed; oiled; smeared
or rubbed over with oil; wak nia ahama,
pass., tallowed; greased; ointed; nan
aliamqt imalhtoka, his anointed, 1
Sam. 2: 10.

ahauchi, ahayuchi, v. t., to find; to dis
cover; to acquire; to furnish; to have,
John 3: 36 [?] ; to gain; to meet; to pro
cure; to provide; ikahayucho, Matt. 12:
43; 16: 25; 18: 13; Josh. 2: 22; Luke 15:
4, 5, 6, 8, 9; Matt. 2: 8; 7: 7, 8; 10: 39;
13: 44; imahanchi, to furnish him;
ilahauchi, to furnish or find himself
(with provisions, tools, etc. ); islit ila
hauchi, v. t., to make (as money); to
furnish himself by means of; Jiaiaka,
pass., found, Luke 15: 32; isht ilahauchi,
pass. , profited by means of.

ahauchi, n., a finder; a gainer; a pro
curer.

ahaya, a., v. n., sufficient to fill a hole;
filling a place or hole; also ikahayo,
neg. form and most used, not being
large enough to fill, as shapo a™ -Ikahayo.

ahayu, v. t., to find; found in a man's
name; AJiayutabi.

ahala, pp. pi. of ahabli, trodden down;
trodden on; trampled.

ahali, v. t. pi., to tread on; to trample
on.

ahali, see ahabli.

ahalichi, pi. of aliablichi, to tread into
the ground; to make them tread on it,
or them; to tread under foot.

ahalichi, n. pi., treaders; tramplers;
aJtalincJri, nasal form.

ahammi, v. t. , to anoint; 2 Cor. 1: 21;
Matt. 6: 17; Mark 14: 8; 16: 1; Luke
7: 46; Rev. 3: 18; to smear with grease
or oil; to grease; to rub gently; to oil
himself or another thing; to embro
cate; to gum; to iron; to oil; to oint;
isht ahammi cJta, anointed with and,
John 11: 2; chinoshkof>o inh ahammi
cha, anoint thy head and, Matt. 6: 17;
ahammoli, pi.; tali hata isht ahammoli,
to wash over with melted silver.

ahammi, n., unction.

ahammichi, v. t. cans., to cause to
anoint; to anoint another person; isht
ahainmichitok, he anointed him with,
Acts 10: 38.

ahapi, ahe api, n., a potato vine.

anhatak, anhatak, n. , my husband, or my
man; chinhatak, thy husband; thy man.
When the pronoun is prefixed, Jiatak
has the meaning of husband. [From
my experience and observation the
word for "man" is always pronounced
hattak, never hatak. — H. S. II.]

ahbichakali, v. n., to be nineteen.

ahbichakali, v. a. i., to make 19, as il-
ahbichakali , we make 19, or are 19.

ahbichakali, a., nineteen; XIX; 19.

ahbichakaliha, adv., nineteen times.

ahchapi, see achapi.

ahchiba, n., tediousness; irksomeness;
a task.

ahchiba, achiba, (q. v.), a., tedious;
slow; disadvantageous; tiresome; trou
blesome; difficult; irksome; laborious;
wearisome, Matt. 9: 5.

16

BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ahchibali, v. t., to trouble; to weary;
eh ikxqmahch ibalo Ha, ' ' trouble me not, ' '
Luke 11:7; also Mark 5: 35.

ahchifa, achefa, v. t., to wash; to lave;
to rinse; qlhchefa, pp.

ahchifa, n., a wash.

ahchihpo, akchihpo, n., a drift; a float.

ahchishi, v. a. i. and v. t., to scent; to
smell the track; to follow by the scent;
to wind.

ahchishi, n., scent.

ahchunwa, see <tcftunn-a.

ahe, ahi, he, sign of remote fut. tense of
the indicative mood — shall, will; as
ahi (ike, and aJie tak, should have;
it means future time simply, and not
purpose or intention.

ahe, n., a potato; a sweet potato; a yam.

anhe, he, adv., almost, Acts 7: 17;
ctalanhe, we have almost finished
them or it; ilonanhe, we have almost
arrived there; anhusi and anhesi (q. v.)
are diminutives of anhe.

ahe aholokchi, n. , a potato patch ; a place
where potatoes are planted.

ahe alhpusha, n., a roasted potato.

ahe api, n., a potato vine.

ahe bunto, ahe munto, n., a potato hill.

ahe buntuchi, ahe muntuchi, v. t., to
make potato hills.

ahe hobi, v. t., to boil potatoes.

ahe holbi, n., a boiled potato; a steamed
potato.

ahe ibish, n., a potato hill.

ahe inchuka, n., a potato house.

ahe kamassa, ahkamassa, n., a wild
potato; a hard potato.

ahe kashaha, n., a yam; a potato which
has a good relish.

ahe keyu, adv., shall not; can not; must
not; will not.

ahe lumbo, n., a round potato; an Irish
potato, (the hoba and ik*aJie, a Six-
towns word.

ahe pata okla, n., name of the ('hoe-
taws belonging to the northeast district
of the Nation. The name is said to
have been given them from the fact
that at an early immigration they found
a place where there were many wild
potatoes— fxila means spread out. But
others explain this name in other ways.

ahe pehna, n., seed potatoes.

ahe shua, n., a rotten potato.

aheka, v. t., to owe; to be in debt; to get
011 trust; imaheka, to owe him; his
debtor; pimaheka, Matt. 6: 12; issqm-
aheka, or aheka issqmintakali, you owe
me; chimahekali, I owe you; itimaheka,
to owe each other; aheka amintakanli,
to be due me from him; see aJiecha
in ilqppa momaka nana issqmaliechishke,
all these things are against me, Gen.
42 : 36 ; aheka frhoyo, v. t. , to dun ; to look
after a debt; to seek of him a due, that
which he owes; aheka itqnnali, to col
lect debts, aheka atobbaJte keyu, a., in
solvent; unable to pay his debts, aheka
atobbaldnla, a., solvent.

aheka, n., Luke 7: 41 ; a debt; a due; an
obligation; a charge; a duty; a score,
Rom. 13: 8; Matt. 18: 24; ilaheka, our
debts, Matt. 6: 12.

aheka, pass., v. n., trusted; owed; due;
credited; obtained on credit.

aheka iksho, a., unindebted; out of
debt.

aheka imasha, n., a debtor, Luke 16: 5.

aheka intakanli, v. t., to owe him,
Matt. 18: 28; Luke 16: 5; Philem. 18;
aheka intakanlili, I owe him; aheka an-
lakanli, he owes me: a., indebted; ahekqt
takali, pass., charged.

aheka ishi, n., a creditor.

aheka takalichi, v. t., to score; to enter
a debt; to charge with a debt.

aheka takanli, a., due.

aheka takanli, n., arrear; arrears; ar
rearage; balances remaining due; a due.

ahekachi, v. t., L to sell on credit; to
trust; to get another in debt; to credit;
to charge; chiahekqcheli, I trust you;
issiahekqchi, you trust me; itimahekqchi,
to trust each other. 2. To buy on credit;
'•to run in debt;" to get on credit, as
by purchase, ahekqchit holissochi, v. t.,
to debit; to trust and write it.

ahekachi, n., a creditor; a seller on
credit; a buyer on credit, n<tn ahekachi.

ahekachi, ahhekachi, ahheka, adv.,
lengthwise (of cloth); abalyqclii, length
wise, of a field; n., the length.

anhesi, anhusi, adv., almost; very near;
nearly; t<ilt(tnltex!, nearly done, or gone.

aheto, adv., will not; can not; shall not;
umbaheto, it will not rain.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

17

ahetok, sign of tho remote fut. perf.,
would have; should have; would have
been, achukmahetok, it would have
been well.

ahetuk, sign of the recent fut. perf.;
mintahetuL, he should have come. The
first syPable a unites with the last syl
lable of the preceding word, which is
according to the usage of the language,
or, rather, the last syllable of the pre
vious word is elided: thus — chumpa, to
buy, chumpahetuk; minti, to come, min-
tahetuk; tiaklo, to hear, haklahetuk.

ahheka, n., the length, as of a piece of
cloth; see ahekachi.

ahhekachi, n., the length. See ahekachi.

ahi, see ahe.

ahika, n., a station; a stand; a post; a
degree.

ahika, v. i. sing., to stand at, or in; to
stand there; ahinka, nasal form., stand
ing in, or at, as a stick in a hole or an
arrow in the side; uski naki at issi ak on
ahikia, the arrow stands in the deer.

ahikia, n., a station; an estate; a footing.

ahikiat anumpuli, n., a pulpit; the place
where anyone stands and talks.

ahikma, as alhtahanhikma, if it is nearly
ready.

ahilechi, n., an establishment; a place
where anything is set up.

ahila, n., a place where persons dance;
from hila, to dance; and a, adv., at,
there; aboha ahila, a ball room.

ahila, v. a. i., to dance at, or on.

ahinla, sign of the potential mood, pres
ent tense; can, may, shall (in a mild
sense). The final syllable of the verb
is elided before ahinla. hashhomincha-
hinla clio? will ye season it, eh? cf.
Mark 9: 50.

ahinlatok, past tense; could have,
might have, may or can have.

ahinlatuk, recent past tense; could have,
might have.

ahinna, ahina, v. t., v. a. i., to tend; to
watch (as with the sick) ; to keep com
pany; to be the companion of another
person; to stay with, to guard, ahinat
apela Jiioka imikbilashke, I will make
an helpmeet for him; chiahinnali, I
keep you company; issiahinna, you
are company for me; you stay with
84339°— Bull. 40—15 2

me; itahinna, to keep company or be
pledged together; to consort together.

ahinna, pass., to be pawned; pawned;
pledged.

ahinna, n., security; a pledge; com
pany; a companion; surety; itahina, a
companion; an escort; a watcher.

ahinnachi, v. t., to pawn; to pledge; to
cause to be the companion of another.

ahinnia, ahiniya, v. i., to relish much;
to be fond of.

ahkamassa, see a tic k«i>tcu<x<(.

ahmpi, see ahpi.

ahni, ahli, v. a. i., v. t., to think; to ex
pect; to fear; to hope; to wish; to pre
sume; to calculate; to design; to desire,
Matt. 16: 1; also, to seek, Matt. 16: 4;
to aim at; to notice; to observe; to will;
to care for; to contemplate; to count
upon, Matt. 14: 5; to destine; to dis
pose; to entertain; to incline; to in
tend; to like; to mark; to mean; to
notice; to purport; to purpose; to
reckon; to remark; to see; to tend; aba
anumpa ahni, to seek or desire the gos
pel, or religion; chimahni, to desire of
thee; chiahni. to think or to wish thee;
alhpesa ahni, to comply; yohmi imahni,
v. t., to suspect concerning him; yohmi
ikimahno, a., unsuspected; nana okpulo
imahni, v. t., to execrate; to imprecate;
to wish him something evil; nana ahni
iksho, a. , indifferent, or to care for noth
ing; to wish nothing; ilap ahnit yamoh-
mi, himself wishes and does; imahni;
to let him, Matt. 6: 3; to suffer, Matt,
8: 31; 17: 4; aiahni, pro. form, Matt.
18: 10; hashaiahni, Matt. 7: 12; ikahno,
neg. form; isht ikinahno, to hate him;
isht ikiminahno, to deride him, Luke
16: 14; ahnituk keyu, a., unpremedi
tated.

ahni, a., disposed; minded; optional;
aware; designed; willing; ikaJtno, in
disposed; unaware; undesigned; un
marked; unperceived; unthinking; un
willing; ahnahe keyu, a., undesirable;
will not wish.

ahni, n., a will; a wish; a desire; a
purpose; a disposition; an expectation;
an inclination; an intent; a meaning;
mind; motive; option; a plan; a pur
port; a volition; ikahno, n., indisposi-

18

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL.. 46

tion; alhpesa a/mi, to suffer; to permit;
qlhpexa issqmahnashke, suffer me, Matt.
8:21.

ahni, n., a wisher; an expectant; an ex-
pecter.

ahnichi, v. t., to respect; to like; to ap
plaud; to love; to approve; to esteem;
ahninchi, nasal form, which is most
used; to reckon; to regard; to receive,
Matt. 18: 5; to savor, Matt. 16: 23;
ikahnincho, to despise; to dislike,
Matt. 12:7; ahnihinchi, freq.; ahniechi,
protracted form; ilahninchi, to respect
himself; ilahninchi, n., self-esteem; ile-
ahninchi, to trust in himself; ikahnin
cho, a., disliked; loathed; ikahninchot
isht anumpuli, v. t., to remonstrate.

ahnit, adv. (t is sometimes used as aeon-
junction), purposely; ahnit anukfitti, to
remember; ahnit isJii, v. t., to choose;
to wish and take; ahnit holitobli, to ob
serve, Josh. 1:7, 8.

ahoba, n., an illusion; an appearance; a
prospect.

ahoba, a., worthy; ikahobo, neg. form,
worthless; unworthy; having no worth;
stale; isht ikahobo, a., disgraced by it;
v. n., to be disgraced by it; isht ikim
ahobo, a.

ahoba, v. i., v. n., to seem; to appear;
to have worth; to look; to conjecture;
to think, Matt. 6: 7; siahoba keyu, "I
am not worthy," Luke 3: 16; imahoba,
it seems to him, or he presumes; nan
ikimahobo, a., unconcern; being noth
ing to him, etc.; ikimahobo, it does not
seem to him, or it is of no worth to
him; ikahobo, a., unuseful; unworthy;
useless; vain; waste; of no worth; of no
account; cheap; idle; inefficient; in
significant; jejune; mean; refuse [?] ;
nana qpaikahobo, a., insipid; ikchiahobo,
Matt. 5: 22; ixJtt iksqmahobo, it is of
no worth to me; it is nothing to me;
ahobachi, \. t., to cause to seem;
ilehobachi, to make like himself; ahobali,
ahobqlli, which see for definitions;
ikahobalo, neg. f., v. t., to mock; to de
spise; to disparage; to sneer; to make
light of; to despise, 2 Sam. 1: 21; Matt.
9: ;>; ikahobalo pixamqt, when he saw
that he was mocked, Matt. 2: Hi;
Otiliotra ikafiobalo, v. t., to blaspheme
Jehovah; isltt ikahobalo, v. t., to blas

pheme, Mark 3: 28, 29; ikahobalot anum
puli, to blaspheme, Mark 2: 7; Acts 26:
11; ikahobalot nan ikmihacho, not blas
pheme, 1 Tim. 2: 20; ikahobalot nana
mihanchi, "blaspheme," James 2: 7;
ikahobalot anumpuli, to blaspheme,
Matt. 12: 31; ahomba, v. a. i., to have,
as nipi chiahomba.

ahobachi, v. t., to represent; to in
struct; to imitate.

ahoballi, v. t., to represent; to cause to
appear like; ahobanli, nasal form.

ahobi, see ilahobbi, to pretend.

ahochifochi, see hochifochi.

ahochukwa, a., chilly; cold (as a per
son, not a thing) ; aguish. This word is
applied to the feeling or sensation of
cold, and not to the weather or any
object; kapqssa is applied to objects,
hochukwa to a person's sensation.

ahochukwa, v. i., to be cold; to feel
the cold (as a person); siahochukwa, I
am cold.

ahochukwa, n., chilliness; coldness;
ague.

ahochukwachi, a., chilly; coolish.

ahochukwachi, v. i., to be chilly; chi-
ahochukwqchi, you are chilly.

ahochukwachi, n., chilliness; cold
ness. These wrords are applied to de
scribe the sensation of cold which a
person experiences; kapassa is applied
to objects, as weather, water, etc.;
kapassa aiena hatukoka, Acts 28: 2.

ahofahya, n., shame, reproach.

ahofalli, pass., hatched.

ahofanti, n., nourishment; the place or
means of raising a being or a creature;
nurture; nutriment; pabulum.

ahofallechi, v. t., to hatch or multiply
(as fowls), Gen. 1: 22.

ahofobi, n., a deep place; an abyss,
Matt. 18: 6; ikahofobo, n., a shallow.

ahofobika, n., the deep place; the depth;
the deep; an abyss; the abyss; kohchqt
ahofobika, Luke 8: 31; ahofobi fchnaka,
Rom. 10: 7.

ahofombika, n. (nasal form of above),
the deep; the place where it is deep.
ahofombika pit takalichi dm, ''launch
out into the deep," Luke 5: 4.

ahoiya, n., a strainer; a filter, or the
place where liquid runs through it in
drops or small streams.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONAEY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

19

ahokchi, v. t., to plant at.

ahokchichi, v. t., to plant with some
thing else. See Matt. 13: 25.

ahokli, n., a handle; a haft; a place at
which to seize or take hold; agin; a hilt.

ahokofa, n. sing., ahokoli, pi., the end,
or cessation ; the place at which it is cut
off; a decision; atermination; iti ahokofa,
the place where the tree is cut off; a
stump.

ahokofa, v. i. sing., to cease; to end; out
ahokofa wa, it will never cease or end;
ahokoli, pi.

ahokofa, pass., cut off at, ended, con
cluded, decided, extinguished; ahokofa
iksho, a., without end, ceaseless, end
less; itahokofa, pass., unjointed; ita-
hokofa, n., a gap; nanih itahokofa, a
mountain gap.

ahokofn, v. t. sing, to cut off at; to cease;
to put an end to at; to decide; to des
tine; to discontinue; to set; imahokoffi,
v. t., tosilencehim; to cut him off. ita-
hokoffi, v. t., to unjoint; to cut asunder.

ahokoffi., n., one that cuts off.

ahokoffichi, v. t., to end; to finish; to
conclude; to extinguish.

ahokoli, pi. of ahokofa (q. v. ).

ahokolichechi, v. t. caus., pi. of aho
koffichi.

ahokolichi, v. t. caus., pi. of ahokoffi.

aholabechi, v. t., to procure false wit
nesses; to accuse falsely.

aholabechi, n., a false accuser.

aholabi, v. t,, to bear false witness; to
lie; to perjure, Luke 3: 14.

aholabi, n., a false swearer; a liar; a per
jurer.

aholba, n., an image.

aholba, v. i., to resemble; ahoyulba, pro.
form.

aholhpokunna, 11., a dream, Gen. 42:9.

aholhpokunna, v. i., to dream; aholhpo-
kunnatukon, that which he had dreamed.

aholhtachi, see ahotachi.

aholhtapi, n., a string, a file, anything
on which beads, meat, fish, and the
like are strung; nani aholhtapi, a string
of fish; shikala aholhtapi achafa, one
string of beads.

ah.olh.tina, n., the number; aholhtina
iksho, without number.

aholhtina, v. i., to be numbered, to be
come; yakni aholhtina, to become earth;
lukfi aholhtina, to become dust.

aholhtina iksho, a., innumerable, un
numbered, numberless, sumless.

aholhtufa, n., a reel.

ah.olih.ta, n., an inclosure.

aholisso, n., paper.

aholissochi, n., a desk, a writing table,
a slate, a place to write on; aholissofhi
a^ hoj/o cha, "he asked for a writing ta
blet and," Lukel: 63.

aholitobli, v. t., to worship, isht aholi-
tobli.

aholitopa, n., honor, John 4: 44; a sanc
tuary.

aholitopaka, n., glory, Luke 4:6; John
11: 40.

aholitopanka, n., glory. See Matt. 25:
31 ; isht aholitopaka in last edition.

anhollo, v. t., he loves me; chi^hollo, he
lovesthee; inhollo, he loves him; aPhollo,
dear to me; chWiollo, dear to thee;
inhollo, dear to him. This verb and ima
have the dative pronouns im, in, etc.,
inseparably united. sanhullo, chivhul-
loli, John 21: 15, 16, 17. See inhollo or
fohullo, the later and more correct mode
of spelling.

anhollo, v. n., with a pronoun in the
dative case, dear to me; or it is ren
dered, I love it or him, her, or them;
inhollo is also rendered, he is stingy,
he loves it, he will not part with it,
he is close. (See above. )

ahollohpi, ahollopi, n., a grave; a place
of burial or interment; a graveyard, 2
Kings 9: 28; a tomb; a sepulcher; a
vault, John 11: 31, 38, 44.

aholloka, aholloka, n., a sacred thing;
hatak imilhfiopak at aholoka fehna hoke,
the life of a man is very sacred.

ahollopi boh, v. t., to sepulcher; to lay
in the grave; to entomb.

ahollopi kalli, n., a grave digger; a sex
ton.

ahollopi tali hikia, n., a grave stone; a
tombstone.

aholokchi, n., ground planted; a place
planted; ikaholokcho, n., fallow ground,
ground not planted; a fallow.

aholuya, n., a filter; a leach tub.

ahonala, ahonala, pp. pi., nailed; nailed
up or upon.

20

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ahonati, v. t. pi., to nail on; to nail up.

ahonalichi, v. t. pi. caus., to nail on;
itahonaliehi, to tack together.

ahonola, n., a spinning wheel.

ahonola isht talakchi, n., a wheel band.

ahonolushi, n. diminutive, a small spin
ning wheel.

ahopoka, n., refuse.

ahopoksa, a., wise.

ahopoksia, a., wise.

ahopoksinka, n., wisdom, Luke 2: 40 [?].

ahoponi, n., a kitchen; any place where
cooking is performed; a cook-room.

ahopoyuksa, n., wisdom, Matt. 11: 19.

ahopoyuksa, v. i., pro. form, to be wise.

ahopoyuksaka, 11., righteousness, Matt.
5: 6.

ahosi, n., a mortar; a place where corn,
salt, and the like, are pounded fine.

ahosi, v. t., to beat there; to bray in; to
pound there.

anhosi, Matt. 1: 11; see aPhusi.

ahoshmi, n., altar; place where any
thing is burnt, Luke 1: 11. [alta in ed.
of 1854.]

ahoshonti, n., a cloud.

ahoshontika, ahoshintika, n., a shade;
a shadow of any inanimate object.

ahotachi, ahoUitachi, n., warping bars.

ahotupa, n., a wound.

ahoyo, n., the place where a search has
been made; as tanchi ahoyo, where the
corn has been gathered; the harvest,
his harvest, Matt. 9: 38.

ahoyo, v. t., to search at, there, or in.

ahpalli, v. t., to fondle; to fawn; to play
with a living object.

ahpalli, n., a t'ondler.

ahpi, n, the commencement; the first.

ahpi, v. a. i., to be first; aiahpi, where it
commences.

ahpi, ahmpi, a., first, as allahpi, first
child; atta))i, first born; nitak ahpi, first
day. It is sometimes written as being
part of another word, as allahpi for
alia ah pi; allanakni ixhi aJipi, Matt. 1:
2o; tnfahjn, spring, first of summer;
hashtolaJipi, fall, first of winter.

alisakti, n., wild potato.

ahumba, v. i., to have; from ahoba, (q.v.).

ahumma, n., a tan vat.

ahummachi, n., a tan vat; a tan pit.

ahunsa achafa, n., a gunshot.

anhusi, anhosi, adv., most; almost;
near; nearly. "Near," 1 Sam. 4: 19;
isht ianhosi, Matt. 1: 11; derived from
anhe, q. v.

ai, a diphthong having the sound of i
in pine; mine.

ai, a "locative particle" or adverb be
fore vowels, meaning at, from, in, on,
place where, or in which, or time
when, there, by means of, atta, aiatta,
to stay at; born at, or born there; ai
imonatok, went unto him there, Matt.
14: 36; when the verb begins with
a consonant the adverb is a (q. v.).
peni anunkaka aiokchalinchitok; before
y ai is used, as pit aiyilepa, Josh. 8: 15.
ai often changes the verb to which it is
prefixed to a noun; as atta, to reside,
aiatta, a residence; all, true, aiali, the
truth, or where it is true, the true place.
ai is prefixed to some verbs in the in
tensive form; anli, aia^li; ahnt, aiahni;
yohmi, aiyohmi; yamohmi [generally
spelled yammohmi—H.. S. H.], aii/a-
mohmi; aia is a repetition of this adverb,
as cldk aia miho, Matt. 5 : 35. NOTE. — In
the intensive forms, made by doubling
a consonant, where y occurs and is
doubled, the letter / is used for the first?/;
yakohmi aiyakohmi, and not ayyakohmi;
hoyohoiyo, not hoyohoyyo.

ai is used for the final a of some nouns;
when the article a or ya is suffixed, as
chuka, a house; chukaiya or chukaia, the
house. The original vowel is changed
for euphony's sake.

aia, ia (q. v.), v. a. i., to go.

aia, n., a going; one that goes.

aiabachi, n., doctrine; see Mark 12: 3S.

aiabeka, a., unhealthy; ikaiabeko, salu
brious.

aiabiha, n. pi., bins; receptacles; places
filled up.

aiachafa, n., a kind.

aiachafa, v. a. i., to pertain to; ibaiachqfa,
to be one of, Josh. 5: 13.

aiachefa, n., a wash tub; a wash place.

aiachukma, n., a good place; aiarln^kma,
n., nasal form, being a good place.

aiachunkma, a. , good; being good; John
1: 46[?].

aiachukmaka, n., the good place; good
ness; peace; Luke 2: 14; the state [of

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

21

peace] ; aiachukmanka , n., nasal form,

being the good place.
aiachunwa, n., a seam,
aiafacha, n., a staple.
aiahalaia, v. a. i., to be of, or to belong

to; to be interested in; 1 John 2: 16

[?] ; ishahalaia, chiahalaia, chimahalaia.
aiahanta, n., capacity, state, or condi
tion,
aiahni, n., will, John 1: 13; 4: 34; a

point, a project, a sentiment; nan

aiaJmika, the will, Matt. 7: 21.
aiahni, v. a. i., to think of; to wish, Matt.

1: 19; to will, Luke 5: 12; 6: 31.
aiahni, v. t., as in aba anumpa aiahnili, I

think about the gospel,
aiahninchi, v. t., to respect; to like; isld

aiahninchi, n., favor, grace, Luke 2: 40.
aiahoba, v. a. i., to appear, 1 John 3: 2.
aiahpi, n., place or time of beginning;

Chihowahokqtatobqtaiahpitok: v. t. , ikim-

iksho hoke, Child's Cat., p. 4, question 7.
aiaka, a., large, long, much, Luke 16:

10; anumpa aiaka anumpuli iinponna;

anumpa ikaiako hqchimanumpohonlila

chin hoke (ikaiako=not worthy — said

by the speaker).
aiaka, v. n., to be large; to be long,

Luke 16: 10.
aiakachi, v. t. caus., to make large or

long; to lengthen; to enlarge,
aiakmi, n., a model.
aiakmo, n., a foundry.
aiakmochi, v. t., to solder; to cause it

to adhere to; itaiakmochi, v. t., to solder;

to solder together.
aiakostininchi, v. t., to know about,

John 3: 8.

aialota, n., fullness; the place filled,
aialota, a., iilled up.
aianli, v. a. i., to succeed; to prosper; to

be true to; akchimaianlot, Josh. 1: 5.
aianli, v. n. , to be successful.
aianli, adv., lakqfi aianlitok, perfectly

healed, Matt. 14: 36.
aianli, n., success; fulfillment; justice;

might; a reality; a surety; thrift; truth;

trueness; veracity; virtue; islit aianli,

power, Mark 12: 24; ikaia^lo,u., treach
ery; untruth.
aianii, a., successful; thrifty; just, Matt.

1: 19 [?]; loyal; open; peremptory;

perfect; plain; pure; positive; real; ster

ling; substantial; ihdanlot a., pending;
unsuccessful.

aianli, v. a. i., to succeed.

aianli, pp., prospered; fulfilled; ratified.

aianli achukma, a., holy.

aianli fehna, a., prevalent.

aianli ikakostinincho, a., uncertain.

aianli ikithano, a., dubious.

aianli keyu, a. , truthless.

aianlichi, v. t., to accomplish; to verify;
to fulfill, Matt. 5: 17; to comply; to
prosecute; to ratify; to substantiate; to
support; to perform, Matt. 5: 33; ?//,-
aianlichi, v. t., to sanction; aianlichi, n.,
probation.

aialika, n., power, Luke 4: 6; glory,
John 2: 11.

aianlika, a., mighty, Luke 1: 49.

aialipa, n., a crown, a wreath, a tur
ban, John 19: 2.

aianlishke, v. n., to be true; it is true,
John 4: 37.

aianlit, adv., loyally.

aiamona, aiammona, n., the begin
ning; the commencement.

aianompisa, n., the sight of the gun.

aianowa, aiannowa, pp.,. to be called
to; to be invited, to be told, John 2: 2.

aianoyuwa, 11., pro. form, fame; the re
port.

aianta, nasal form of aiqtla, to reside.

aianta, v. a. i., to stay at; to be stay
ing at; aiahanta, freq. form.

aianta, n. , an abode.

aianukcheto, v. t., to trust to; to com
mit unto, John 2: 24.

aianukcheto, n., trust; confidence; de
pendence; resource.

aianukpalli, n., temptation; place of
excitement, interest, or desire; see the
Lord's prayer.

aianukpallichi, v. t., to tempt with;
to excite the feelings by means of.

aianukpallichi, n., a tempter.

aianukpallika, n., the place of temp
tation; the temptation.

aianumpuli, n., the place where any
one speaks; a council; a desk; a pulpit;
a stand (used in camp meetings).

aianumpulika, n., the place of speak
ing; the council ground.

aianumpuli aboha hanta, n., a chapel;
a church; a meeting house; an oratory.

22

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

. 46

aianumpuli chuka, n., a council house;
a house used as a place of puhlic speak
ing, debate, or council.

aiapesa, n., a hall, common hall, place
of judgment, Matt. 27: 27; a place where
anything is measured; establishment.

aiapoksia, n., an office (as the office of a
priest), Luke 1: 8.

aiapushli, n., a place for broiling or
roasting; an oven.

aiasittia, n., a hobby.

aiasha, v. a. i. pi. (sing., aianta], to sit;
to tarry; to remain; to dwell; to be
there; to occupy, Matt. 2:5, 6; aiasha,
are in, Matt. 11: 8; aiashahe oke, shall
be, Matt. 13: 42, 43; 18: 10; used often
for the plural of the verb to be (Luke
5: 2); see ansha, the intensive form of
a-sha; aiasha and aianta are in the pro
longed form of asha and anta.

aiasha, n. pi., inhabitants; residents,
Josh. 9: 3, 11.

aiasha, n. sing., "place," 1 Sam. 5: 3;
throne, Matt. 5: 34; see also Matt. 17: 14.

aiasha, n. pi., seats; abodes; habita
tions; mansions, John 14: 2; Chintail
aiasha; Matt. 10: 5; aiahanshwa, freq.,
John 1 : 39.

aiasha holitopa, n., a throne.

aiasha holitopa ombinili, pp., en
throned; seated on a throne; v. a. i.,
to sit on a throne.

aiasha holitopa ombinilichi, v. t., to
enthrone.

aiashachi, v. t. pi., to lay them on; to
lay them at, or there; boll, sing. ; pit
ainxhacha he, cast them into, Matt. 13:42.

aiashachi, n., receptacle; a place where
are laid or placed.

aiashachi, v. t., to err at; to make a
mistake at, or by means of; to sin about,
or at; to overlook.

aiashachi, n., a prisoner; a transgressor;
one who makes mistakes.

aiashachi, n., a mistake; an error: an
oversight; a sin, John 1: 29; a fault,
Matt. IS: 15.

aiashachika, aiashacheka, n., a sin; a
mistake, Luke 3: 3-<>; 5: 21; Mark 2: 7;
Matt. I'-': 31 ; ihiiashucheka, n., our sins;
hqcliimaiashqcJteka, Mark 11: 2(>.

aiataha, pp., qualified.

aiataia, n., a landing; a place to lean
against or to rest upon.

aiatali, v. t., to qualify, to capacitate,

to furnish.

aiatikonofa, n., a strait, 2 Sam. 24: 14.
aiatokko, aiatukko, n., a shelter, a

protector, a refuge. See atukko.
aiatokowa, n., declaration; testimony,

John 3: 11; witness, John 4: 44.
aiatokowali, v. t., to bear testimony,
aiaya, n., passage, route, place of going.
aialbi, or aialli (q. v.) n., reward, Luke

23:41; price; cost; mark, Phil. 3:14;

see aiilli and albi.
aialbichi, v. t., to price.
aialbiha, n., a vessel, Matt. 13: 48; Mark

11: IB; a winefat, Mark 12: 1.
aialbina, n., a camp; an encampment,
aialbinanchi, v. t. nasal form, to camp

at; to make an encampment,
aialbo, n., the place soldered or glued

together.
aialbo, v. a. i., to adhere; to stick on; to

cement; to cleave to; itaialbo, to adhere

to each other ; ita iqlbo, pp. , a. , cemented

together.
aialbo, pp., a., adhered; cemented; glued;

sticky,
aialbuchi, v. t,, to solder; to glue; to

cause to adhere; to cement; itaiqlbuchi,

to solder together; to glue together.
aialh.ch.api, aialhchipi, n., a place for

playing a Choctaw game; see achapi.
aialh.chunwa, n., a seam; the union of

two edges of cloth by the needle; a

stitch.
aialhpesa, n., a preparation; proper

place or time; the nick (of time); the

critical time; season; power, Matt.

7: 29; 9: (>.

aialhpesa, a., suitable; expedient; op
portune; ordinary; rightful; aialhpiesa

keyu, evil, Matt. 12:34; nana ikaiqlfipeso,

folly, Josh. 7: 15.

aialhpi, aiunlhpi, n., a handle; a hasp,
aialhpiesa, v. n., prot. form, to fulfill;

to be justified; -isht. chiaiqlhpiesa, Matt.

12: 37.
aialhpiesa, pp., fulfilled, Matt. 2: 17;

alhnaiqfhpiesa, n., need, Matt. 9: 12;

an intensive form doubled by the pre
fix tti.

aialhpiesa, n., an opportunity.
aialhpiesa, n., righteousness, Acts 10: .'55;

Matt. ,"•: 15; 5: 20; a., righteous; hntak

aialhpiesa, Gen. IS: 23.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

23

aialhpusha, n., an oven; a meat oven;
a place or vessel used for roasting; a
place where things are roasted; from
alhpushn, roasted, and ai, place where.

aialhtaha, a., full; complete; plenary;
pp., completed; made ready.

aialhtaha, n., fullness; completion; per
fection; plenitude.

aialhto, n., a bin; a box; a canister; a
receptacle; that in which dry articles
and liquids are kept; a vat; a vessel,
1 Kings 10: 21, 25.

aialhto, v. a. i., to be in; to be inside;
abolm ilaialhto, we are in the house;
(tianlhto, nasal form.

aialhtoba, n., a reward, Matt. 10: 41.

aialhtoba ikono kinsha, a., undue; not
due yet.

aialhtoka, n., lot; office; duty, Luke
1: 9.

aialhtokowa, pp., appointed; required;
assigned as a duty, Luke 3: 13.

aialli, aialbi, n., price, 17th hymn, 3d
verse; see aiilli.

aialwasha, n., a frying pan.

aiali, v. a. i., to start from; to com
mence from; to end at, Matt. 1: 17.

aiali, n., the edge; end, Matt. 10: 22;
limit; border; extent; bounds; the butt;
compass; conclusion; the extremity;
period; pitch; the reach; term; termi
nation; the upshot; the sum total; as
yammakosh aiali, that is all or the
whole; yakni aiali, n., the coast; border,
Josh. 1:4; 15: 6; confine; the extreme;
limitation.

aiali, a., finite; last; utmost.

aiali, adv., through.

aiali, pp., limited; ant imaiali, until,
Matt. 11: 13; ant aiali, unto, Josh.
5: 9.

aiali, v. t., to reach.

aiali, v. a. i., to be from; aialit miliinli
ma, Matt. 4: 17.

aiali iksho, a., unlimited; without limit;
infinite.

aialichi, v. t., to terminate.

aialichi, v. t., to limit; to bound; to
bring to an end or close.

aiammona, see aiunioiia.

aiamo, v. t., to gather from or of,
Luke 6: 44.

aiamoma, see aiimoma.

aiani, n., a funnel; a tunnel.

aiannowa, see aianowa.

aiashwa, v. a. i. pi., to be there; to stay
there.

aiashwa, n., the place where they stay,
sit, etc.

aiatta, v. a. i., to reside at; to dwell; to
inhabit.

aiatta, n., a residence; an abode of any
kind; the place of one's birth; a native
place; a domicile; a habitation; a lodg
ing; a mansion; a room, 1 Kings 10: 26.

aiatta, n., an inhabitant; a lodger; a
native; one born in any place.

aiatta ikithano, a., unfixed.

aiatta iksho, a., vagabond; being with
out a home; vagrant.

aiattatok nitak, aiyattatok nitak,
n., a birthday. Gen. 40: 20; Matt. 14: 6.

aieha, pp., washed, as to the head.

aiehchi, ayehchi, aiyehchi, v. t. See
aiehclii, 1 Sam. 19: 2; Josh. 8: 2.

aiehna!,aiyehnan! int. (used by females;
not a manly word), Oh, ah, alas, O dear,
an inter, of sorrow or regret; aiyehnalie!
is a longer term.

aieli, v. t. , to wash one's own head.

aielichi, v. t., to wash the head of an
other, or to cause it to be done.

aiemoma, a., always; see aihnomacJti

aiena, con. adv., and, together, withal;
prep., with.

aiena, v. a. i., to be with; to be one with;
to go with; Matt. 5: 6, moma aiena kat,
etc., Matt. 2:3; Josh. 8:5; aienali keyu,
I am not with; I am not one of; aienali
kat, ilaiena kqto, Josh. 14: 11; Matt. 9:
14; Jiacliimaienahe, shall be added unto
you, Matt. 6: 33; ilaiena, Gen. 47: 3;
Josh. 5: 11; to be together with, Matt.
6: 33; 2 Sam. 24: 4; Matt. 12: 3, 4; ohoyo
alia aiena kgto ansha hon, beside women
and children; itaiena, to be together
with; imitaiena, used for a concubine,
see 1 Kings 1 1 : 3 (the word tekchi comes
in before imitaiena; in Judges 19: 2, it
appears without tekr/ii}.

aiena, adv., also; likewise; and with a
negative, neither, Matt, ti: 19; 18: 17;
Josh. 7: 11; il<ticn<i, Matt. 9: 14.

aieninchi, v. t., to put with; to put along
with; to include; !taieni)iclii, to put
together with; to do both together,
Matt. 10: 28; 13: 2J); al'iihiclnt, v. t.
and conj., to put with and, or an ad-

24

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

verbial expression; aienint, contracted

from aieninchit, as ilqppa aienint isht ia;

itianint, to go together; itaieninchi, v. t.,

to put together with; Luke 4: 40; it-

aienincJd, itianinchi, both, Luke 5: 7;

with, Luke 5: 19 [?]; Matt. 6: 24.
aieshi, n., a handle; a haft,
aieshi, v. t., to take hold at; to take

hold there.

aieta, see akaieta and akabo^sha.
aifoli, n., ivory, Rev. 18: 12.
aiibachanfa, v. a. L, to be one with,

from iba and achqfa; anurnpa hat Chiho-

iva i/an aiibachanfatok, John 1:1,2.
aiibetabli, n., an offense, Matt. 18: 7.
aiinfalammi, n., a schism.
aiihchi, v. a. i., to lie in ambush; to lie

in wait for, in order to catch or kill;

to watch,
aiikhana, aiithana, n., knowledge;

understanding; place of knowledge;

seat of learning; aiikJtana all, limit or

scope of knowledge; as far as one re
members; see (tiitJutna qli.
aiikhana, n., a place for learning; a

school.
aiikhananchi (nasal form), n., a place

of instruction; a place of teaching; a

school.
aiiklana, n., the middle; where the

middle is; the half way; the center.
aiiklanaka, n., the middle.
aiiklanna, n., the half; where the half is,

John 8: 3.
aiiklannanka (nasal form), n:, the middle

place; the half; being the half; yakni

aiiklannaflkci.
aiiksiachi, see aiiskiachi.
aiiksho, v. a. i., "consumed," Josh. 5: 6.
aiilbasha, n., wretchedness; poverty;

misery; affliction; hell.
aiilbasha imma, a., infernal; hellish.
aiilbashaka, n., the place of sorrow; the

state of sorrow; hell,
aiilekostininchi, n., repentance; place

of reformation,
aiilhpeta, n., place where feed is given;

a trough; a manger; a stall; a place of

receiving a benefaction or annuity.
aiilli, n., place of death; a death bed;

home, death, John LM : ]}).
aiilli, v. t., to cost; to fetch.

aiilli, aialli, aialbi, n., price; worth;

value; cost; an estimate; fare, 1 Kings

10: 28.

aiilli, pp., valued.

aiilli atabli, aiilli atable, v. t., to over
charge,
aiilli atapa, pp., overcharged; a., dear;

too high,
aiilli atapa, v. a. i., to be dear, or too

high; to be too costly.
aiilli atapa, n., an overcharge,
aiilli atapa, a., overvalued; unvalued,
aiilli chaha, n., a high price,
aiilli chahachi, v. t., to raise the price,
aiilli chito, a., dear; having a large price;

costly; expensive; high,
aiilli chito, pp., priced high,
aiilli chitoli, v. t., to price high,
aiilli ikchito, a., cheap,
aiilli ikchitocho, aiilli ikchitolo, v. t.,

to price low.
aiilli iklauo, a., cheap; bearing a small

price.
aiilli iksho, aiilliksho, a., without price;

gratuitous; priceless.
aiilli iksho, n., cost free,
aiilli iskitini, a., cheap; bearing a small

price,
aiilli iskitinichi, v. t., to reduce the

price; to cheapen,
aiilli onanchi; aiilli ikonancJio, v. t., to

underrate; to undervalue,
aiilli onitula, pp., rated; priced.
aiilli onuchi, v. t., to rate; to price; to

value,
aiilli onuchi, n., an appraiser; a rater;

a prizer.
aiillichi, v. t., to set a price upon; to

price; to value,
aiilaualli, n., a playground; a play; the

stage.

aiilaualli, n., a scene.
aiilaualli chito, n., a scene,
aiilaualli chuka, n., a theater; a play
house.
aiimaiyachi, v. t., to overcome; ;/<ikni an

(tiimaii/acliit lal'di iioke, John KK.'!)!
aiimalhpesa, n., his disposition, custom,

way, habit, humor, instinct, nature,

style.

aiimalhtaha, n., maintenance.
aiimmi,a., his; his kind; after his kind.
aiimmi ayukali, n., each one after his

kind.

BYINOTOX] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

aiimmi binka, a., alike in kind; basJipo
aiimi binka ishishi qlhpesa, you may take
knives that are like each other; aiimmi
binka ayuka, a., every one after his
kind.

aiimoma, aiamoma, a. , adv., always so;
natural; naturally small; isuba aiimoma,
a horse that is naturally small; hatak
aiimoma, a man of small stature; abeka
aiimoma, always sick or feeble.

aiimoma, v. n., to be naturally small; to
be thus always, 1 John 2: 17[?].

aiimomachi, v. a. i., to be accustomed;
to be so naturally; to be habituated;
aiimomali, I usually do so.

aiimomaka, n., a habit; a custom.

aiimomaka, aimomaka, a., habitual.

aiimomachi, n., a habit.

aiimomachi, v. t., to habituate; to rea
son.

aiimomachi, a., habitual; veteran.

aiimpa, n. , lit. , an eating place; any place
where any creature eats, as a rack, a
range, a manger, a plate, a table, a dish,
Matt. 15: 27.

aiimpa, n. , a boarder.

aiimpa, v. t., to eat at, or on; to eat
there.

aiimpa foki, v. t., to stall [or to stake
a horse out to grass; lit. " to put in an
eating place. "— H. S. H.]

aiimpa iskitini, n. , a stand ; a small table.

aiimpa iyi, n., a table leg.

aiimpa onlipa, n., a table cloth.

aiimpa ona, n., meal time.

aiimpa umpatampo, n., a table cloth.

aiina, v. a. i., to become the wife of a
man in company with another woman;
to become a wife of inferior condition,
there being another wife of the hus
band; itaiina, to marry a second wife,
the first being alive and living with her
husband.

aiina, aiena, n., a wife of inferior condi
tion; the second wife; a concubine;
itaiina, 11. pi., wives together of one
man; it aiena, 2 Sam. 5: 13.

aiinla, v. a. i., to alter; to change.

aiinla, pp., altered, Luke 9: 29.

aiinlachi, v. t., to alter; to change.

aiintakobi, a., tired out by means of or
with it; wearied with.

aiintakobichi, v. t., to tire down with;
to weary with.

aiinnukkilli, n., anger (an attribute), 2
Sam. 24: 1.

aiisikkopa, aiissikkopa, n., wrath; place
of torment, Luke 8: 7 [?].

aiiska, pp., fixed; regulated; put in
order.

aiiskia, v. t., to fix; to regulate; to put
in order; to repair.

aiiskia, n., a regulator; a repairer.

aiiskiachi, aiskiachi, v. t. cans., to fix;
to repair; to put in order; to recon
cile, 1 K. 11: 27; see alxklachi.

aiiskiachi, aiskiachi, n., a repairer.

aiiskiali, v. t., to mend; to repair.

aiissa, n., a place deserted, abandoned,
left, or forsaken; a ruin.

aiissa, v. t, to ravish, . 2 Sam. 18: 12;
hokli cha aiissa, to commit a rape, 2
Sam. 13: 14.

aiissachechi, v. t, caus., to end; to
cause to end; to cause to abandon; to
employ one to cause another to quit
or abandon a plan or project.

aiissachi, pp., ended, Luke 4: 2.

aiissachi, v. t. and v. a. i., to desert; to
leave off; to cause to quit; piwachi, he
causes us to quit; aiissacheli, I quit, or
I have quit it.

aiisso, v. t. sing, to beat; to smite at,
there, or on; itaiisto, to smite each
other at, on, etc.; to bunt; to strike
together; pi., aboli.

aiisso, n., the blow; the place struck; a
slam.

aiinsh.ah, a., extreme.

aiinshali, n., the extremity.

aiishi, n., the handle; the haft.

aiishi, v. t., to take hold at; to seize it
there, or at.

aiishko, n. , a drinking place; a watering
place; a drinking vessel, 1 K. 10: 21.

aiishko, v. t., to drink at; to drink from
or out of.

aiisht ahalaia, n., right.

aiisht ahollo, n., a miracle, John 2: 11;
a sign, John 2: 1S[?]; a wonder.

aiisht ahollochi, v. t., to perform mir
acles or wonders.

aiisht aiokchaya, n., the vitals.

aiisht aiopi, n., the extreme; the last.

aiisht atiaka, n., a progenitor: a kins
man.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

aiisht awechi, n., foundation; origin,
aiisht ia, v. a. i., to start from; ilappa

isht ia, to start from this,
aiisht ia, n., the beginning; the com
mencement; the start; the germ; the

spring.
aiisht ia ammona, n., the beginning;

the first commencement; the rise; the

origin; the ground,
aiisht ilahauchi, n., profit; nana aiisht

ilahauchi afhukma, a., profitable,
aiisht ilaiyukpa, n., enjoyment,
aiisht ilapisa, a., profitable,
aiisht ilapisa, n., a benefit,
aiisht ilapisahe keyu, a., unprofitable,
aiisht illi, n., occasion of death; reason

for death, Luke 23: 22.
aiisht inchakali, a., conceived in her

by means of; pregnant by means of.

Matt. 1 : 20.
aiisht itintakla, n., a medium; that by

means of which,
aiishwa, v. t., to smell of.
aiitachaka, pp., spliced at.
aiitachakalli, v. t. sing., to splice it at or

with; to add on at; to continue at; to

weld at.
aiitachakli, v. t. pi., to splice them at

or with.

aiitafama, v. t., to meet at.
aiitafama, n., a confluence; a meeting;

the place where they meet; a junction.
aiitahoba, n., a place of meeting; a place

of assembling; tali holisso aiitahoba yan,

the receipt of custom,
aiitahoba, v. a. i., to gather at; to assem
ble at.

aiitahobi, v. t., to assemble at.
aiitaiyokoma, n., a flutter; a puzzle,
aiitanowa, n., a road; a highway.
aiitatoba, n., a market; a trading place;

a factory; a 'house of merchandise,

John 2: 10; an emporium; a shop; a

store.

aiitatoba chito, n., a fair,
aiitatoba chuka, n., a market house;

a factory; a trading house; a store
house.

aiitatobanowa, v. a.i., to shop.
aiitachaka, n., a joint; a place spliced or

welded.

aiitachakilli, n., a suture.
aiitanaha, n., the place of meeting or

assembling; a rendezvous; a resort.

aiitanaha, v. a. i., to assemble at; to
rendezvous.

aiitannali, v. t., to assemble at.

aiitanowa, n., a street, Matt. 6: 2, 5.

aiitapinha, v. a. i. nasal form, to be with;
to be associated with, Luke 23: 32.

aiithana n., a disciple; nan aiithana
aleha, Matt. 17: 10.

aiithana, n., knowledge: place of knowl
edge; or aiikhana, q. v.

aiithana ali, n., memory; the extent
of knowledge; see aiikhana.

aiithanaka misha, a., immemorial.

aiithana, v. t., to learn at; to acquire
knowledge at; imaiithana, v. t., to
learn of him; imaiithana, n., a learner;
his disciple.

aiithana, n., a school; a place of learn
ing; a seminary; nana aiithana, n., a
disciple; a scholar; nan imaiithana, n.,
his disciples, Matt. 13: 10.

aiithana chuka, n., a schoolhouse.

aiitibafoka, n., a junction; a peer.

aiitibbi, n.,a field of battle; a place or
scene of a battle, a battle ground; a
field, 2 Sam. 18: 6; aiitihimbi, 2 Cor. 7 : 5.

aiitinbilinka, n., propinquity; place near
to each other.

aiitilaui, n., an equal; equality.

aiitintakla, con., through; by means of;
adv., in the meanwhile, John 4:31;
between, Josh. 3: 4; during (the time of
harvest), Josh. 3: 15.

aiitisetali, n., junction (as the junc
tion of one water course with another).

aiitishali, v. t., to ride three together on
one horse; to ride treble.

aiitishali, n., a generation.

aiitisholi, v. t., to ride two together on
one horse; to ride double.

aiititakla, con., among, Josh. 3: 5.

aika or eka, interjection of dislike.

aiksiachi, aiiksiachi, see aiiskiachi.

Ailish, n., Irish; the Irish.

Ailish, a., Irish.

Ailish hatak, n., an Irishman.

Ailish okla, n., the Irish; the Irish peo
ple or nation.

Ailish yakni, n., Ireland.

aimomaka, see <tiinio)it<ika.

aioa,aiyoa, aiowa, v. t. pi. of /.s7//, to pick
up, Matt. 13: 29; to choose, a I oat ifila-
fioba fie an. Matt. 13: 28; a! oat . . . }>i(
apitta, Matt. 13: 48; aiyita, pp., picked

BVINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

27

up; aiuwa, pass., to be chosen; 2. Chron.

25: 5.
aionbinili, aiombinili, aiomanili (q. v.),

n., a seat; a chair.
aionbinili api, n. , a chair leg.
aionbinili falaia, n., a bench.
aionbinili hanta, n., a sacred seat.
aionbinili holitopa, n., a holy seat; a

sacred seat; a throne,
aiochi, see aiuchi.
aionfaiokachi, n., a rocker, the curving

piece of wood on which a cradle or

chair rocks.

aionhikia, n., a vestige.
aiohmi, v. n., to be so; siaiohmi, I am so.
aiohmichi, v. t., to cause; to make it so.
aionholissochi, n., a writing table; a

desk; a line.

aioholissochit achunli, n., a sampler,
aiokami, n., a wash basin; a wash bowl;

a place for washing the face; a laver.
aiokami, v. t. , to wash the face in or at.
aiokchalinka, n., redemption; isht ai-

okchanya, redemption, Luke 2: 38.
aiokchanya, v. n., to live by, Luke 4: 4.
aiokchanya, pp., to be saved, John 3: 17
aiokchanya, a., vital.
aiokchanya, aiokchaya (Matt. 18: 8,9),

n., life; salvation; support; sustenance;

vitality; see aiokchanya in aiokchanya.

yan, Matt. 7: 14.
aiokchanya alhpisa, n., salvation, John

4: 22.
aiokchipelih, aiokchifelih, v. a. i., to

gaze at.

aiokhaneli, see aiyukhaneli.
aiokhankachi; itaiokhankachi, corners,

Matt. 6: 5.

aiokla, n., a settlement of persons.
aiokla,v. t., to settle at; to inhabit,
aiokla, pp., settled; inhabited; ikaioklo,

a., uninhabited; wild,
aiokla achafa, n., a habitant; an in
habitant.

aiokla hinla, a., inhabitable; habitable.
aioklachechi, v. t,, to populate; to fur
nish with inhabitants,
aioklachi, v. t., to settle others at a

place; to cause to be inhabited.
aioklachi, n., one that settles others in a

place.
aiokluha,a., all; itaioklunha, all together,

John] 8: 1; 21: 2.
aiokluha, adv., heartily.

aiokluhali, v. t. , to take all together.

aiokluhalinchi, v. t. caus., to cause all
to be taken together; aiitaiokluhalinchi,
Luke 23: 32.

aiokluhanchi, v. t., to take all together;
to take also; to take together with.

aioklileka, n., darkness; the dark; the
dark place; obscurity; obscureness;
kocha aioklileka, outer darkness.

aioklili, n., darkness; where it is dark,
or where the dark is.

aioklilinka, n., nasal form, darkness,
John 3: 19- a shade.

aioklilinkaka, n., the darkness, John
12: 46; the dark place.

aiokpancha hinla, a., laudable.

aiokpanchi, a., thankful; courteous;
grateful; heedful; officious; welcome;
as liatak aiokpanchi achukma; ikaiokpan-
cho, ikaiokpacho, a., ungrateful; un
thankful; unwelcome.

aiokpanchi, n., thankfulness; saluting;
greeting; applause; a benediction; a
blessing; gratitude; notice; observ
ance; a reception; respect; reverence;
a welcome.

aiokpanchi, n., a saluter; an esteemer.

aiokpanchi, v. t., to celebrate; to ap
plaud; to approbate; to thank; to re
ceive well; to laud; to magnify.

aiokpanchi achukma, n., readiness.

aiokpanchi achukma, a., cheerful.

aiokpanchi keyu, a., unthankful, Luke
6: 35; inattentive; ungenerous; iksam-
aiokpancho at, he is not grateful for
what he has of mine [?].

aiokpanchit anoli, v. t., to recommend.

aiokpachechi, aiyukpachi, v. t. caus.,
to amuse; to cause to greet; to make
glad; to cheer; to delight. This word
is a form of yukpachi.

aiokpachi, aiyukpachi, v. t. (from
yukpa; properly ayukpqchi instead of
aiokpachi), to salute, Matt. 10: 12; to
greet; to approve; to bless, Matt. 14:
19; to accept; to accost; to acknowl
edge; to worship, Matt. 4: 9; 8: 2; 14:
33; to receive well, Matt. 10: 40; to con
gratulate; to shake hands; to dignify;
to fawn; to gratulate; to homage; to
honor; to notice; to prosper; to regard;
to respect, Matt. 12: 7; to revere; to
reverence; to sanction; to thank; to
glorify; to warrant; to welcome; to

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

worship, Matt. 8: 2; Josh. 5: 14;
aiokpanchi, aiyukpanchi, nasal form;
aiokpahanchi, freq., Matt. 9: 8; 15: 9,
31; aiokpaiyachi, protracted form; isht
aiokpachi, v. t., to treat; ikaiokpacho,
to refuse; isht aiokpachi, n., gift, Matt.
8: 4; ikaiokpacho, pp., refused; un
noticed; unregarded; unrespected; re
pulsive.

aiokpachi, n. , a greeter ; a saluter; a wor
shiper.

aiokpachi, n., a compliment; eclat; grat
itude; a valediction; ikaiokpacho, u., in
gratitude; a slight.

aiokpachi, a., diligent; (aiokpachi achuk-
ma, industrious), attentive; ikaiokpa
cho, a., unconstant.

aiokpachi, n., diligence; (aiokpachi ach-
ukma, industry).

aiokpachi achukma, adv., readily.

aiokpachi alhpesa, a., worshipful.

aiokpulo, n., evil; guilt.

aiokpulo, n., a bad place; an evil place.

aiokpulo, v. a. L, to be bad.

aiokpulo iksho, 11., innocence; inno-
cency.

aiokpuloka, v. a. i., to be ruined.

aiokpuloka, n., the bad place; a bad
place; hell, Matt, 10: 28; an abyss; the
abyss; a furnace; perdition; tophet;
destruction, Matt. 7: 13; a desolation,
Josh. 8: 28.

aiokpuloka, a., evil, Luke 11: 13; vexed;
ixht aiokpuloka, vexed with, Luke 6: 18.

aiokpuloka chito, n., the great place of
evil.

aiokpuloka chukoa, pp., damned.

aiokpuloka foka, pp., damned; put into
hell; cast into hell.

aiokpuloka foki, v. t., to damn; to put
into a bad place.

aiokpuloka iksho, n., soundness.

aiokpuloka iksho, a., unblemished.

aiokpuloka luak, n., hell lire; Matt. 5:
22; 18: 9.

aiokpulunka, n., perdition; aiokpolu*ka
ushi, John 17: 12; a wreck; hell; aiokpu
loka, Matt. 5: 22; 11: 23; 1<>: 18.

aiokshilinta, pp., nasal form, shut up;
being shut up; Luke 4: 25.

aiomanili, n., a seat; a chair; bottom of
a chair; a stool.

aiomanili api, n., a chair post; a chair
leg.

aiomanili falaia, n., a bench; a form; a

settle.

aiomanili iyi, n., a chair leg; a chair
post; leg of a stool.

aiombinili, see aionbinili and aiomanili.

aiona, n. (from ona and ai), access; the
place by which to go to.

aiona, n., time; season, Luke 2: 6; ik-
aiono, before the time; ikaiono ki^sha
hon, before the time, Matt. 8: 29; ik
aiono, adv., untimely.

aiona, v. a. i., to go to; to betake to; to
reach to or there; aionashali, v. t., v.
a. i., to haunt; ikaiono, neg. form; ik
aiono t a., immature; ikaionocheli, v. t.,
to bring forth before the proper time;
to miscarry; ikaiono ieshi, v. t., to mis
carry; n., an abortion; ikaiono atta, v.
t. , to bring forth before the proper time;
ikaiono atta, n., an abortion.

aionasha, n., a seat; a chair; a cricket;
room.

aionasha aiataya ansha, n., an elbow
chair.

aionasha umpatalhpo, n., a cushion
for a chair.

aionitola, n., a bier, Luke 7: 14; that
which he lies on; a rest.

aiontalaia, n., a site.

aiontalat fulokachi, n., a pivot; a pin
on which anything turns.

aionusha, n., a bed; a frame on which
a man lies or sits. See Luke 5: 18.

aiopi; ont aiisJit imaiyopi, Luke 11: 26.

aiopitama (pi., aiopitamoa), v. n., to lap
over (as shingles on a roof ) ; itiaiopitama,
to pass each other.

aiopitama, pp. , made to pass each other;
passed.

aiopitammi (pi., aiopitamoli) , v. t., to
pass by one that is coming from the
opposite quarter; itiaiopitammi, to pass
each other, whether in sight or not,
especially when going in opposite di
rections.

aionshobolichi, n., a kiln (as where
boards are kiln dried).

aiowa, n., a long hunting expedition; a
hunt after wild animals. See alou, to
pick; to select.

aiowa, v. a. i., to go out on a hunting ex
pedition; to hunt wild animals.

aiowata, n.. hunting ground.

aiskachi, pp., mended; fixed; repaired.

BYINOTON]

DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

29

aiskia, aiiskia, v. a. i., to ameliorate; to
improve, the second form is probably
the correct one; aiiskia keyu, a., uncor-
rected.

aiskia, a., pp., fixed; repaired; regu
lated; amended; corrected; amelio
rated; mended; redressed; refitted;
relieved; renovated; trimmed; ilaiskia,
ref. form.

aiskia hinla, a., reparable.

aiskiacha hinla, a. , reparable.

aiskiachi, aiksiachi, v. t., to settle; to
trim; to unclog; to wind; to fix; to
repair; to regulate; to ameliorate; to
better; to improve; to correct; to dress;
to fit; to indemnify; to mend; to re
dress; to refit; to relieve; to remedy;
to renovate; to ripen; ilaiksiachi, to re
form himself; see aiiskiachi.

aiskiachi, n., a repairer; one that fixes;
a mender; aiskiali, a second form (?).

aiskiahe keyu, a., irreparable.

aiuchi, aiochi, a place at a spring, well,
branch, or pond, where water is dipped
up or taken up by means of a bucket.

aiuh, int.

aiukleka, n., an embellishment; an or
nament.

aiukli, n., a beauty; fineness; a form;
grace.

aiukli, a., beautiful; handsome; comely;
fine; pretty; ikaioklo, ikaiuklo, a., ill
favored; ugly; not handsome; unhand
some.

aiukli, v. n., to be beautiful, pleasing,
acceptable; neg., ikaioklo, not to be
beautiful, pleasing, etc.

aiukli, pp., embellished; beautified; gar
nished.

aiukli keyu, a., homely.

aiuklichechi, v. t., to embellish.

aiuklichi, v. t. ; to beautify; to adorn;
to make handsome; to garnish, Matt.
23: 29.

aiukluhali, v. t., see aiokluhali.

aiulhkachi, n., a steeper.

aiulhpi, or aialhpi (q. v.), n., a handle;
a haft; a hilt.

aiulliti, n., a fireplace; a district; a coun
cil fire; a state; a government.

aiunchololi, n., a tribe, Josh. 4:2; 7: 14.

aiunchululi, v. a. i., to form a generation.

aiunchululli, n., the sprouts that grow
up from the roots; a generation; a young

generation; a race; a tribe, Josh, 3: 12;
itaiunchululi, generations, see Matt.
1: 17; itaiunchululi auahushta, 14 gen
erations.

aiuntalali, see haiyantalali.

aiushta, a., the fourth; ontainshta, adv.,
fourthly.

aiushtaha, adv. , fourth time; the fourth
time.

aiya, v. a. i., to go along; see anya.

aiyabechi, aiyubechi, v. t., to aggra
vate, to make worse, especially when
sick; to give a death blow or a finish
ing stroke to the dying.; to heighten
(as a fever); to impair.

aiyabechi, n., one that makes worse.

aiyaka, a., great; many: aiyanka, in nan
aiyc&ka, "great things," Mark 3: 8.

aiyakohmi, ayakohmi, v. a. i., to do so,
John 1: 28; 2: 12.

aiyakohmichi, ayakohmichi, v. t., to
do thus or so.

aiyala, aiyala, pro. form of a/a, to come
at length or at last; to arrive at last;
aiyahanla, freq., they come or keep
coming.

aiyammi, pp., salted; sweetened; satu-,
rated.

aiyataia, see ayataia.

aiyabbi, aiyubi, a., pp., worse; made
\vorse; heightened; impaired (as
health); from ai and abi, to kill; ai-
yambi, nasal form.

aiyabbi isht inshali, a., worse (as when
sick).

aiyammi, a., pp., sweetened with; salted
with or in.

aiyammichi, v. t., to salt with or in; to
sweeten with.

aiyamohmahe alhpesa, n., fatality;
office.

aiyamohmi, n., a habit; manners;
method; a mode; order; principle; a
rite; a style; a trade; a vogue; a way.

aiyamohmi keyu, a., unfashionable.

aiyamohmi makali, n., vulgarity.

aiyatta tok nitak, see aiatta tok nitak.

aiyehchi, see aiehchi.

aiyehnan, see aiehna.

aiyichifichi, n. , a hawk; a hen hawk;
a pigeon hawk.

aiyimita, aiyinminta, v. n., to be bold,
brave, or animated.

30

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

aiyimita, n., boldness; bravery; cour
age; eagerness; zeal.

aiyimita, a., bold; brave; animated;
doughty; eager; valiant; ikaiyiminto, a.,
unanimated.

aiyimitachi, v. t. caus., to make bold;
to embolden; to prompt; to provoke.

aiyimmika, n., faith; confidence, Luke
18: 42.

aiyoa, aioa (q. v.), ayoah, v. t. pi., to
pick up; to cull; to garble; to sort;
aiyua, pp.

aiyoba, aiyuba, a., good; excellent; se
lected; select; choice.

aiyoba, v. n., to be good; aiyomba, nasal
form, good things mixed with bad, as
good potatoes mixed with bad ones.

aiyobachi, aiyubachi, to do good to; to
make good; see Matt. 18: 15.

aiyobanka, n. , a good place; being a good
place.

aiyobali, v. t., to mix good things
together; aiyubali, see Hymn 31, 4th
verse.

aiyohmi, v. n., v. a. i., to be thus; to
do so.

aiyokoma, imaiyokoma, v. a. i., to puz
zle.

aiyokoma, aiyukoma, v. n., to be
puzzled; to be at a loss; to be in doubt;
to doubt; amaiyokoma, I am puzzled;
it is a puzzle to me; itaiyokoma, pass.,
confused together; cluttered; con
founded; deranged; discomposed; dis
ordered; jumbled; tumbled.

aiyokoma, n., confusion; a nonplus; it
aiyokoma, n., a clutter; disorder.

aiyokoma, a., imaiyokoma, pp., puzzled;
imanukfila aiyokoma, pp. , distracted.

aiyokomi, v. t., to puzzle; to perplex;
itaiyokommi, v. t., to clutter; to dis
order; to jumble; itaiyokommit itqnnali,
v. t., to lumber.

aiyokomichi, v. t. caus., to cause to be
puzzled; to puzzle; to derange; to non
plus; imaiyokomichi, v. t., to pother;
to puzzle; to bewilder; itaiyokomichi,
to confound or confuse each other; to
derange; to discompose; imanukfila
imaiyukomichi, or imanukfila dii/uko-
mirfii, to confuse the mind; to distract.

aiyopi, Luke 11: 26. See aiopi.

aiyopisa, n., a scene.

aiyoshoba, n., error; wandering; sin;
place of wandering.

aiyoshoba iksho, a., holy; without er
ror.

aiyoshoba iksho, n., holiness.

aiyua, aiyuah, pp. of aiyoa (q. v.), or
ayoah, picked up; gathered; culled;
garbled; chosen.

aiyua, a., picked up.

aiyua, n., that which is picked up.

aiyuba, see aiyoba.

aiyubachi, see aiyobachi.

aiyubechi, see aiyabechi.

aiyuka, adj. pro., every one, asilha ai-
yuka, Matt. 7: 8; na holissochi aiyuka,
every scribe, Matt. 13: 52, anyuka in
hapichuka anyuka, aiyuka, each; see
ilaiyuka; aiyuka, is the root from which
is formed aiyukali, ilaiyukali, ilaiyuka,
etc., Matt. 4: 24; 12: 31.

aiyukali, a., each, Josh. 4: 5; 5: 8; 7: 14;
iskifa inshi aiyukali, each has an ax;
afammi aiyukali, each year; yearly.

aiyukhaneli, v. a. i., to cross a row.

aiyukhana, v. a. i., to cross; itaiyukhana,
v. a. i., to cross each other; to intersect;
n., a cross; ilaiyukhannali, v. t., to
cross each other; to intersect.

aiyukhana, aiokhana, aiukhana, n., a
cross; itaiokhankachi, corners, Matt. 6: 5.

aiyukhanni, v. t. pi., to cross; to inter
sect; itaiyukhanni, v. t., to cross each
other; to intersect.

aiyukoma, see aiyokoma.

aiyukpa, n., joy; ahappyplace; aplaceof
happiness.

aiyukpa, pp., made glad; profited, Matt.
15: 5; aiisht ilaiyukpa, to take joy to
himself in.

aiyukpali, v. t., to make glad; to make
glad with; to gladden.

aiyukpachi, v. t., to cheer. Seeaiokpa-
chi.

aiyuma, a., pp., mixed; itaiyuma, itai-
uma, pp., mixed together; blended;
mixed ; compounded ; commingled ; com
mixed; intermixed; mingled; shuffled;
tumbled; ikitaiyumo, a., unmingled.

aiyuma, v. a. i., to mix; itaiyinna, v. a.
i., to mingle; ikitaiyumo, not to mingle;
aiyumichi; itaiyumichi, to temper; to
blend; to mix; to tumble together.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

31

aiyummi, v. t., to mix; to mingle; itai-
yinnmi, to mix together; to commingle;
to commix; to compound; to inter
mingle; to intermix; to mingle; to
shuffle.

aiyupi, ayupi, 11., a bath; any place for
bathing or wallowing in the sand or
mire; a laver.

aiyushkami, a., lecherous.

aiyushkammi, v. a. i., to lust.

aiyushkammi, n., lust.

ak, sign of the first per. sing, of negative
verbs, as mintili, I come; akminto, I do
not come.

ak, sign of the first per. sing, of one of the
forms of the imp. mood, as pisali, I see;
akpisa, let me see.

ak, a particle of frequent occurrence* in
the Choctaw language. It is found,
together with its compounds, in some
form after nouns, pronouns, adjectives,
verbs, adverbs. The sense of this par
ticle varies according to the part of
speech it succeeds. It is sometimes
ak, then hak or yak (perhaps kak
should be added, from k, definite,
and ak). It follows verbs. It is used
as an article and a relative pronoun.
It is a word often used for des
ignation or distinction, not only of a
thing, i. e., a noun, but also of action
and herein it differs from the English,
except when we render the verb as a
noun. In akoke, Matt. 2: 6, it is dis-

, tinctive and marks one object from all
others. It is usually rendered by the,
that, one singling out from others;
liiak akkeyukma pilqshpahe keyu, if it
were not for the fire, etc. Compounds
of ak are: akan, hakan, makan — akano —
akat, akat, not used, akhet, being sub
stituted— akatukan, the, Matt. 16: 12—
akato, akato — akchoba — akcho? 2 Sam.
24: 13; akbano and akbato, sign of optat.
mood — akbano, adv., that only — akbat,
adv., that only (t makes the word
the subject of some verb) — akhe,
akhin — akheno, in particular; especially
that; and by way of disparagement —
' akhet, especially that one to his disad
vantage — akheto, that in particular;
contradistinctive, and disparaging (qno
akheto, how much less I, if you can not
(bid at an auction)) — akin, contracted

from akinli — nkilla Ida, only the, Matt.
14: 36 — akinli, adv., also; likewise;
too (ak, that; inli, also); that again;
in yakni akinli, Matt. 13: 57; fakofi
akinli, he is well, that again — akinli,
pro., self; selves — akinli ka, the same,
Matt. 18: 1 — akint, a contraction from
akinlit — akkia (ak, that; kia, let it go),
even; even as; so much as, Matt. 11:
23; even the, Matt. 12: 8; also the,
Matt. 13: 26; 15: 16; 17: \2-aknw,
sign of the sub. mood. The first
word is changed when the verb ends
with i or o; see ikma and okma. The
real particle is kma and kmqt — akrna-
ko — akmakocha — akmakoka — akint t-
koke — akma kona — a km a kosh — akmakot —
akmakhet (and -heto); see akhet, etc. —
kmakhe (and -heno) — akmano — akmat —
akmato—akon, the, it, Matt. 5: 24; 17: 4;
insinikakakon, their synagogue, Matt. 12:
9; haiyunkpulo akon,ihet9ires;ankanchak
akon, my barn, Matt. 13: 30; Hap akon,
him, Matt. 18: 6; chunkash akon aminti,
Matt. 15: 18; qno akon, me, Matt. 18: 5.—
akocha. — akoka. — akokano; onush ak-
okqno, Matt. 13: 30. — akoke; hatak ushi
akoke, Matt. 13: 37; imalla akoke, Matt.
13: 38; Setan akoke, enchil qleha akoke,
Matt. 13 : 39. — akokano. — akokqt. —
akokqto. — akokia.- — akona. — a£os/?,Matt.
17: 10; ushi akosh, who is the son,
Matt. 11: 27.—akot.

aka, a particle, with olbql, as olbql aka;
(also anunk aka and paknak aka, yakni
paknak aka), sometime; olbql aka, hind-
ward, rearward.

aka itula, see akka itula.

akabonsha, akabosha, pp., a., charred,
burnt, or reduced to coal; reduced to a
mass, like coals or rotten potatoes; same
as to ha. akaieta is a synonym of this
word.

akabunshli, v. t., to char; to burn or
reduce to coal, as is the custom of the
Choctaw with the dry bark in their
hot houses; to burn to a coal.

akachakali (from aka and achakali). v.
a. i., to lift up the head; to stand with
the head up; to cock; to lift up the
eyes.

akachakalichi, causative or compulsive,
to lift up the head, etc., 2 Kings 9: 32.

32

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL* 46

akachuli, akachali, n., edge of a door
yard; border of a door yard, Luke 16:
20 [?].

akachunni, see akkachunni.

akaieta, synonymous with akabonsha
(([. v.) and same as taJia.

akaieta, plu. of aienaf many; with all;
ahe at shuqt akaieta; hatak illi akaieta;
tthkolitakaieta, ilhkolit atomafa, Matt. 3:
10 [?].

akank anusi, n., a hen roost; a roost.

akank abi, n., a hen hawk.

akank chaha, n., a tall hen; a tame tur
key.

akank chaka, n., the wattles of a hen.

akank hishi, n., hen feathers; a hen
feather.

akank hunkupa, n., a poacher; one that
steals fowls.

akank impasha, n., the wattles of a hen.

akank inchuka, n., a henhouse; a hen
coop.

akank ishke, n. , a hen that has had chick
ens; an old hen; a mother hen.

akank kofi, n., a guinea hen; a pintado.

akank nakni, n., a cock; a rooster.

akank nakni himmita, n., a cockerel.

akank nakni itibbi, n., a cock fight.

akaftk ola, n., cock crowing; the time at
which cocks crow; early morning.

akank ola, v. a. i., to crow; to cry or make
a noise, as a cock.

akank tek, n., a hen; the female of the
common domestic fowl.

akank tek himmita, n., a pullet.

akank ushi, n., the young of the domestic
hen; a chicken; a hen's egg; akan-k
tixhi )>elie<:hl, n., a brood of chickens.

akank ushi achafa bonli, n., a nest egg.

akank ushi hakshup, n., a hen's egg
shell.

akank ushi holba, a., oval; oblong; of
the shape or figure of an egg.

akank ushi inwalaha, akak ushi
walakachi, n., albumen; the white of
an egg.

akank ushi lakna, n., the yolk of a hen's
egg-

akank ushi lobunchi, n., a hen's egg.

akank ushi lobunchi shua, n., a rotten
egg.

akank ushi peliechi, n., a brood of
chickens.

akank ushi walakachi, n. , glair; albu
men; the white of an egg.
akanka, n. of com. gen. and number, a

hen; hens; name of a domestic fowl;

a chick; a chicken; poultry.
akakoha, v. i. pi., to fall (as in battle),

2 Sam. 18: 7; see 1 Sam. 4: 2, 10; to

fall down, chanyqt akakoha, "hewn

down," Matt. 7: 19.
akakoli, v. t., to fell, Deut. 20: 19.
akakolichi, v. t. caus., to cause to fall,

1 Sam. 4: 3.
akalampi, see kalampi.
akalapechi, v. t. caus., to freeze; to

cause to freeze; to congeal; a kalampichi,

nasal form; to congeal.
akalapi, n., frost.
akalapi, pp., frozen; akalampi, frozen;

congealed.
akalapi, v. n., to freeze; to congeal;

akalampi, nasal form, and the one most

used.

akalapit taha, pp. , frozen up.
akanlusi, pp., humbled.
akanlusi, a., v. n., to be low, grave (in

music), or humble; akanlusi, nasal form

(q.v.).

akala, pp., broken and spilt, as an egg.
akalalli, v. t., to break; to break open

so that the contents run out; akank uahi

an akalalli, he breaks the egg.
akama, akama, alhkama, pp., shut

up; stopped.
akamaloli, v. a. i. sing., to leer (as a

horse).

akamalushli, v. a. i. pi., to leer,
akamali, akamalli, v. t. sing., to stop

up; to cork; to close; see akamoli.
akamassa, v. a. i., to harden,
akamassa, n., atachi, Ex. 26: 6, and isht

akamassa in the same verse; itakamaxsa,

v. a. i., to settle.
akamassa, pp. and a., fastened; buckled;

buttoned; compacted; itakamqwa, fas
tened together; joined together strong

(as the planks of a floor when well

laid); clasped together; consolidated;

strengthened; sealed; -ikakamassu, a.,

open; not fastened.
akamassali, v. t., to fasten; to button;

nafoka akamqxsqli, to seal; to buckle;

itakamqssqli, to fasten together; to clasp;

to compact; to consolidate.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

33

akamolechi, v. t., to strangle; to stop
up; see akomolechi.

akamoii, v. t. pi., to stop up; to cork;
to bung (applied to any hole or gap);
alhkamoa, pi. pp., see akamqli.

akanali, v. a. i., to approach; to approx
imate.

akanalichechi, v. t. caus., to approxi
mate, to bring near.

akanalichi, v. t. caus., to move along;
to remove from.

akanallechi, v. t. caus., to remove
from.

akanalli, akanallih, v. a. i., to remove
from; to go from; to move from.

akanimi, n., manner; fashion; means.

akanimi, a., after some fashion; some
how.

akanimi, v. a. i., to be after some man
ner.

akaniohmi, 11., a deed; an action, John
3: 19; a dealing, John 4:9; matter; cir
cumstance; providence; itimakaniohmi,
mutual dealings, John 4: 9; hash akan
iohmi, your works, Matt. 5: 16 (here
a verb is used for a noun).

akaniohmi, v. t., to do; to act; im-
akaniohmi, Josh. 2: 23; itimakaniohmi,
to deal together.

akaniohmichi, v. t., to cause to do; to
cause to be done.

akanli, a., low; humble.

akanli, v. n., to be low; v. t., to humble;
to lower.

akanlusechi, akanlusichi, v. t. caus., to
humble; to bring low; to lay low; to
lower; to abase; ileakanlusichi, to hum
ble himself, Matt. 18: 4; imanukfila
akalunsichi, to depress; to discourage.

akanlusi, a., very low; low dowrn; abased;
low (as tones in music).

akanlusi, v. n., to be very low; to be
low down, Matt. 18, caption of chapter.

akanlusi, adv., low.

akanlusi, n., lowness.

akanlusichi, n., a humbler.

akanta, pp., pressed.

akantalechi, v. t., to press together; to
press; itakantaleclti, \. t., to press to
gether.

akantali, v. a. i., to press, Mark 5: 31;
Itakantnli, Mark 2: 4.

akantalichi, n., a press.

akaona, see akkaona.

akapassaka, n., a cold climate; a cold

region.

akapoa, akopoa (q. v.), v. t., to over
shadow,
akashofa, n., an erasure; a clean place

or place cleansed.
akasholichi, n., a doorscraper.
akataiya, pp. pi.; patched; alhkata, sing,
akataiya, n. pi., patches, or places

patched; alhkata, sing.
akatali, v. t. pi. , to patch ; akalli, sing,
akauwi, v. t. sing., to break and bend

down.
akauwichi, v. t. pi., iti shima ya.n akau-

wichi; full an akauwichi, they break

switches,
akawa, pp., broken and bent down,

but not broken off (as limbs or twigs).
akalli, akkalli (q. v.), v. t., to mend.
akalli, n., a mender,
akallo, pass, voice, to be made strong or

sure, as akallashke, Matt. 27: 64.
akallo, pp., a., made strong; sealed;

bound to.
akallo, v. a. i., to harden; to grow hard

there.

akallo, n., an establishment.
akallochi, v. t. cans., to make strong; to

fix; to seal; to make sure, Mate. 27: 66.
akama, v. i., to fall, 1 Sam. 18: 25; 1

Kings 22: 20.
akama, see akama.
akammi, v. t. pi., to stop up; to close

(a book), Luke 4: 20; to shut up,

Matt, 6: 6; to bung; to spike; to shut,

Josh. 2: 7; see akainali, sing; akamoii,

pi., itakamml, to close together.
akammi, n., a stopper.
akania, v. n., to be exhausted by; sia-

kqnia, John 2: 17 [?J ; to be absorbed

at; to sponge.
akania, pp., absorbed at; exhausted at;

disappeared at.
Akas, n., August,
akashchukali, v. a. i. sing., to lift the

head; to stand erect,
akashchunoli, v. a. i., to bow down the

head.
akashtala, akishtala, n., the lower end;

the butt end; the bottom; the root (of

a tree) , Luke 3: 9.
akat, adv., yes; to be sure; indeed: aye;

from ah, it is, and kat, the definite

article.

84:):J9°— -Bull. 40 — 15 J

34

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

akchalhpi, hakchalpi, n., ross bark; the
coarse outside hark of a tree. [Chqlhpi
is the form of this word used by the
Choctaw of Mississippi.— II. S. H.]

akcliihpo, ah.chih.po, n., drift; drift
wood.

akchupilhko, see hakchupilhko.

akeluachechi, v. t. cans., to cause the
heartl)urn, or flatulency.

akeluachi, v. 11., to have the heartburn,
or flatulence; to belch.

akeluachi, n., the heartburn; flatulency.

akeluachi, a., flatulent.

anki, anke, my father; my sire. As a
word of respect it is applied to all the
brothers of the father and their male
cousins by the children. This word is
not found without the prefix pronoun;
remove it and say ki or ke and no idea of
father, etc. , remains. anki an out hohpi-
laJtean, I go and bury my father, Matt.
8: 21; 11: 26; 15: 13; Josh. 2: 13.

akintak, int. of resolution used by those
who are ready to fight, etc.

akishtala, akashtala, 11., the root; the
butt end; the lower end, Matt. 3: 10.

akishtala kullit kinaffi, v. t., to sap;
to undermine.

akka, aka, n., the place beneath, below,
or down ; the bottom (as of water), aka,
2 Kings 9: 33; aka et pilatok, the
ground, 2 Sam. 24: 20.

akka, a., down; belonging to the earth;
earthly; earthy.

akka, v. n., to be down; akkqchi, akqchi,
v. t. ; akqchit tanjali cJia, 2 Sam. 8: 2.

akka, pp., iVlled; thrown down.

akka, adv., prep., earthly.

akka anya, see akkaya.

akka ia, akkia, v. a. i., to go down;
to sink; to decline; to descend; to lower;
to pitch; to stoop; akta, to go down,
Matt. 11:23.

akkaiksho, a., without bottom; fathom
less.

akkaitanowa, v. a. i., to travel on foot,
Matt. 14: 13.

akka itipatalhpo, n., aground floor; a
lower floor.

akkaitula, akkaitola, akaitula, akki-
tula, v. a. i., to fall down; to precipi
tate; to fall on the ground, Matt 10: 29;
(ikka wittild, I fall down; <tkka rltititld,
thoti fallest down; akka itonla, akkitonla,

nasal form, lying down; akka itoyula,

pro. form, to be lying along; akka

ituyula, to descend, Matt. 7: 27.
akkabata, n., a bat; a ball stick,
akkabilepa, n. pi., to be lying down,
akkabinoli, pi., to sit down, Matt 13:

48; 15 :35; aka hqshuk aiombinoli, Matt.

14: 19.
akkaboli, v. t., to lay down; to put

down; to deposit; to throwT down; to

ground,
akkachunni, akachunni, v. a. i. pi., to

bow the head; to throw the head up

and down.
akkachunochunli, v. a. i. pi., to wag

or wave the head,
akkachunoli, akachunoli, sing. v. a.

i., to bow the head; to condescend;

to crouch, 2 Sam. 24: 20; iuiakkachu-

noli, to bow the head to him; to render

obeisance to him; to resign up to him;

akkachunohonli, freq.

akkachunoli, n., a bow; an act of obei
sance.

akkafehna, a., nethermost; lowest.
akkafohobli, v. t. pi., to spill much or

many.
akkafohopa, pp., spilt; akkafohompa,

nasal form, being spilt.
akkahika, v. a. i.,to stand on the feet;

to travel on foot; akkahinka, nasal form,

to be standing on the feet,
akkahikat anya, v. a. i., to journey on

foot; to travel on foot.
akkahikat anya, n., a pedestrian.
akkahoyo, v. t., to search for the bot
tom; to fathom; to sound.
akkahunkupa, n., a pad; a foot pad.
akkakaha, v. a. i. dual, to fall down; to

lie down.
akkakaha, pp., laid down; akkakaii/aha,

pro. form, to be lying down along; lain

down at last,
akkakahat aiasha, v. a. i. pi., to lie

down; a number lying down.
akkakahat manya, v. a. i. pi., implying

that three are lying down or have lain

down; to lie down,
akkakali, v. t., to lay down.
akkakoha, akakoha, v. a. i., to fall

down, Matt. 3: 10; to fall in battle,

Josh. 8: 25.
akkakoha, pp., fallen; fallen down;

smitten, 1 Sam. 4: 2.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

35

akkakoli, akakoli, v. t., to cast down,

Luke 1: 52; to slay; to cut down trees,

Josh. 17: 15, 18.
akkakolichijV. t. caus., to smite, 1 Sam.

4: 31.

akkanlusi, akanlusi (q. v. ), a., low.
akkalali, v. t. pi., to spill and scatter

(applied to corn, shot, and like objects).
akkalatapa, pp. sing., spilt; poured

down,
akkalatapa, v. a. L, to spill; to pour out

and scatter.

akkalatabli, v. t. sing., to spill and scat
ter; applied to milk, water, or any

single object.
akkalaya, pp. pi., spilt and scattered;

akkalaflya, nasal form, being spilt and

scattered.
akkalaya, v. a. i. pi., to spill and scatter;

to pour out; akkala^ya, nasal form.
akkalipeli, v. t., to spread down; to lay

down with the face or upper side next

to the ground ; to lay bottom side up or

upside dowrn.
akkalipia, v. a. i. sing., to lie down on

the face,
akkalipia, pp., to be down; laid down

on the face or bottom side up.
akkalipkachi, v. a. i. pi., to lie down on

the face; akkalipkaiyachi, pro. form,
akkama, akkama, akama, v. a. i., to

fall down (spoken of living creatures);

to fall; ikakamo, it fell not, Matt. 7: 25;

akama, it fell, Matt. 7: 27.
akkama, akkama, pp., fallen down;

demolished; prostrated; stopped.
akkamololi, v. a. i., to slink.
akkanowa, v. a. i., to walk; to travel on

foot.

akkanowa, n., a pedestrian.
akkaona, akaona, v. a. i., to go down; to

be abused, Luke 18: 14.
akkapila, adv., downward; downwards,
akkapila, v. t., to cast down; to throw

down; to unhorse; akkasapela, to throw

me down.

akkapushli, n., a stole; a pucker,
akkasiteli, v. t., to undergird.
akkasoli, n., name of a bush which

grows at the edge of water, having a

ball-like fruit. A decoction of the

leaves is a good sudorific.
akkashalachi, n., a scraper.
akkashalallich.it liteli, v. t., to drag
gle.

akkashaloli, v. a. i., to hold the cars
forward (as a horse).

akkatala, v. a. i., to ground; to run
aground.

akkatalla, a., duck-legged.

akkatalla, v. n., to be duck-legged.

akkaya, akka anya, v. a. i. , to go on foot,
not on horseback; to travel on foot.

akkachi, v. t., to lower; to bring down;
to demolish; to prostrate; to lay low;
to disburden; to take down (as from a
house); to fell; to raze; to suppress; to
throw; akachi, Josh. 10: 27.

akkachi, n., a throw.

akkalli, akalli, v. t. sing., to patch; to
mend with patches; to botch; to clout;
to cobble; alhkata, pp., isld alhkata, n., a
patch; shulush akkalli, to patch a shoe.

akkalli, n., a patcher.

akkama, see akkama.

akket (from akka and et), down this way,
from above; aket hapihohoyoshke, 12th
hymn, 4th verse, ed. 1844.

akkia, n., a descent; seeakkaia.

akkitola, akkaitula (q. v. ) , to fall down.

akkitula, n., a fall.

akkitula, pp., fallen.

akkoa, akowa, v. a. i., to descend; to go
down; to come down, Matt. 14: 29; to
dismount; to get down; to alight; attat
akowa, "come do\vn," Matt. 8: 1; 17:
9; Josh. 2: 23; 15: 18, "to light off,"
Josh 15: 18.

akkoa, akowa, v. t., to dismount.

akkoli, v. t., to mold; to plate over
(as silver or iron) ; to shape; ixltt akkoli,
to plate; alhkoha, pp.; ishtalhkoha, pp.,
plated.

akma, sign of sub. mood after verbs end
ing with a; see ak and its compounds.

akmichi, see akmocJd.

akmo, hakmo pp., soldered; congealed;
hardened or cold (as tallow); itakmo,
soldered together; cemented; closed up.

akmo, v. a. i., to harden; to congeal; to
stiffen.

akmochi, akmichi, v. t., to solder; to
harden; to congeal; to found; to run;
itakmochi, recip. form, to cement to
gether; to cause to adhere; to close up;
to press the sides of a wound and cause
them to unite; itaiakmochi, v. t., to
solder.

akmochi, n.. a founder.

36

BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

aknanka, vile; bad ; worthless. See John

9:34.
akni, n., the eldest among a family of

children, male or female; in a larger

sense any one of the children who is

older than others of the same family;

the first born, Josh. 17: 1.
aknip, see haknip.

akobafa, n., a breach; the place broken,
akobafa, v. a. i. , to break at, or by.
akobafa, pp., broken there, or at.
akocha(seeafotcTia), and (used in count
ing); pokoli chakali akocha chakale,

ninety and nine,
akochofa, pp., bent down (as cornstalks

to preserve the ears from the weather

and the birds) ; akushli, pi.
akochofa, v. a. i., to bend down; akushli,

akochulli, pi. ; akochoha, pp.
akochuffi, v. t., to break and bend down;

tanchapi an akochuffi, he bends down the

cornstalk; akushlichi, pi.
akochuffichi, v. t. caus., to cause to

break and bend down.
akohcha, see akucha and kohcha.
akohchawiha, see akuchawiha.
akolas, n., a jar.
akolofa, n., the place where anything

has been cut off, or broken off; a part

left; a stump.

akolofa, v. a. i., to come off at.
akolofa, a. , cut off at; severed at; akolonfa,

akolunfa, nasal form, being cut off at.
akoluffi, v. t., to cut off at.
akomachi, v. a. i., to be sweet; to be

pleasant to the taste.
akomolechi, v. t., to strangle; to stop by

holding Homething on at the mouth, or

nose; also akamolechi (q. v. ).
akomuta, v. n., to dread; to fondle;

(ikomiinta, nasal form.
akonoli, n., a circle round the sun or

moon; see hashi akonoli.
akopoa, v. t., to overshadow, Matt. 17:5;

onhoshontikachi, later edition; see aka-

poa.
akopulechi; itakopulechi, v. t., to press

together; to close (as the sides of a

wound ) .

akostinincha hinla, a., perceptible,
akostininchahe keyu, a., inscrutable;

undistinguishable.
akostininchi, v. t., to know, Luke 2: 43;

to be acquainted with; to find out,

Matt. 6: 3; 7: 20; to discern; to ascer
tain; to apprehend; to comprehend,
John 1: 5; to see, Matt. 2: 16; to read,
Matt. 16: 8; to perceive, Luke 5: 22;
1 Sam. 3: 8; to prove; to realize; to
recollect; to remember; to under
stand; to consider, Matt. 7: 3; to
have knowledge of, Matt. 14: 35; hash-
akoslinincha chin kak oka, that ye may
know; Matt. 9: 6; also Matt. 12: 7, 15,
25; 15: 12, 16, 17; 17: 13; ilekostininchi,
ileakostininchi, ilakostininchi, ref. form,
to come to himself, to know himself,
Luke 15: 17; to repent, Matt. 13: 15;
16: 12; ikakostinincho, neg. form, not
to know, Josh. 8: 14; ikakostinincho,
a., unconscious; undecided; undeter
mined; uninformed; achukma ikakosti
nincho, a., uncertain.

akosha, pp. pi., broken down; bent and
broken down; see akochofa.

akosha, v. a. i., to break down; to bend
and break down.

akowa, see akkon.

akshish, hakshish, n., the sinews; roots;
veins; arteries; a fiber; a nerve; a sinew;
a source; akshish chito, the large sinews,
roots, veins, arteries; the tap root.

akshish, a., sinewy.

akshish ansha, a., sinewed.

akshish lakna chito, n., columbo [or
calumba] a medicinal plant that grows
in the woods.

akshish laua, a., stringy.

akshish toba, v. a. i., to root; to take
root.

akshish toba, pp., rooted.

aksho, n., disuse; neglect; desuetude.

aksho, a., pp., neglected; forsaken; dis
used; obsolete; out of date; exploded;
extinct; invalid; null; quashed; aban
doned; deserted, like an old, untraveled
road; abolished; annulled; repealed;
vacated; hina aksho, nafohka aksho.

aksho, v. t., to neglect; to disuse.

akshot taha, a., obsolete; done away.

akshucha hinla, a., voidable.

akshuchi, v. t., to abolish; to annul;
to repeal; to disannul; to explode; to
fail; to null; to nullify; to quash; to
vacate; to undo; and, in reference to
closing the time of mourning for the
dead, aidksJtndii, the time of doing so.

akshuchi, n an abolisher.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

37

akshuchi, n., an abolition; a vacation;
nullification.

akshuki!, akshukehih ! , oh dear!, said
when cold and suffering.

akshupi!, akshupehih!, oh dear!, said
when burnt.

akta, hakta, conj. or prep., therefore;
as Jiokqt, mih hakta isht qlall kqt, there
fore I brought them.

Aktoba, Aktuba, n., October.

akucha, akocha, prep., over; and; used
in counting between 20 and 30, and
30 and 40, etc., and on to 100, Luke
2: 37; 1 Kings 10: 14; to express over
and above or more, as pokoli tuklo
akucha, over 20; akucha is com
pounded of a, of, from, out of, and
kucha, to go out.

akucha, akohcha, n., a pass; a ford;
a ferry; a crossing place; the place
where anything comes out; an ex
tract; a landing.

akucha, adv., out of.

akucha, akohcha, v. a. i., to come out
of; to proceed out of, Matt. 15: 18;
Josh. 4: 16, 17, 18, 19; 5: 5; akuncha,
nasal form; akoyucha, pro. form.

akucha, pp., taken from; brought out;
extracted.

akuchaka, n., the place of appearing
or coming out, applied to the rising of
the sun; hashi akohchaka, Matt. 2: 1, 9.

akuchaweli, v. t. pi., to take out from;
to subtract.

akuchaweli, n., subtraction.

akuchawiha, akohchawiha, pp. pi.,
subtracted; taken from.

akuchawiha, v. a. i. pi., to come out of;
akohchawiha, Josh. 8: 16.

akuchechi, v. t., to takeout from, Gen.
2: 22; to cause to come out.

akuchi, v. t., to take out; to out; to oust;
to bring out of; to extract from.

akuhish, n., a jug.

akuncha, adv., out.

akunti, n., growth of vegetables or a
vegetable; a plant.

akushli, pp. of akochofa, bent and
broken down.

akushlichl, v. t. pi., to bend and break
down; akocliuffi, sing.

ala, v. a. i., from ala, to arrive at a place
or point in sitrht, but not at the place
where the speaker stands.

ala, n., an arrival.

alahki, v. a. i., to lie with the back to
the fire; luak infilqmmit itola [lying
turned from the fire].

alahkichi, v. t., to make him lie with his
back to the fire, or to lay him, her, or
it with the back to the fire.

alaka, alaka, n. sing., edge; border;
shore; the margin, John 21 : 4, 8, 9;
ont alaka, n., the coast; pent alaka,
side of a boat.

alaka ikaiyu, v. i., not going one side,
i. e., costive, a delicate mode of speak
ing.

alakali, pi., edges.

alakchakali, pi., edges of a field, water,
prairies, or woods.

alakna, v. a. i., to ripen; to turn yellow;
to rust; to be ripe.

alakna, a., ripe; yellow; rusty.

alakna, pp., ripened; rusted; turned yel
low.

alaknabi, v. t, to rust; to kill with rust
(as grain).

alaknachi, v. t., to ripen; to rust.

alakna t ia, v. a. i., to begin to ripen.

alaksha, n., a hothouse.

alalichi, a., cunning; sly.

alama, pp., silenced; prevented; forbid
den; see alqmmi.

alapalechi, v. t, to place at the side or
on the side of something; to cause to
adhere to the side; to give boot; to give
interest; to charge interest.

alapali, v. a. i., to adhere to; to stick to
the side; to be on the side; to cleave to.

alapali, n., the margin.

alapalika, n., the side.

alapanli, nasal form, being placed at the
side.

alapanli, n., boot; interest.

alata, n., a lining; a facing; a covering;
nishkin alata, spectacles.

alata, pp., a., lined; faced; sided; italata,
pp., lined together or laid together, as
two leaves in a book, side by side; it-
alanta, italantqt kaha, italatqt kaJia,
Luke 19: 44; italqtkqchi, to lie like
pieces of slate.

alata, v. a. i., to set; to incubate; to nes
tle; to sit.

alata, n., a sitting.

alatali, v. t., to line; to put on a lining;
to ceil; to lap; to put on a facing; to
face; to sheathe.

38

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

alatkachi, v. a. i. pi., to lie on the side
(as a facing or lining); italatkachi, pi.,
to lie side by side (as several leaves in
a book).

alauechi, v. t., to be equal to; to be ade
quate; neg., ikalauecho, Josh. 8: 15.

alaui, v. n., to be equal; to be adequate;
isJit ikalauo, Luke 3: 16.

alalli, see lallichi; italallil boli, to pack
(as meat).

alallichi, v. t., to harden by pounding,
as wak hakshup alallicJti; n., a lapstone.

alammi, alami (seeolabbi), v. t., to for
bid; to prevent; to take from, applied
to the taking of a man's wife from him
by her relations (ohoi/o /<a» imolabit
aiishi) ; irnalqmini, to prevent him; to
rebuke, Matt. 17: 18.

alammichi, alamichi, v. t., to silence;
to prevent; to forbid, Luke, 6: 29; im-

• alamminchi, to rebuke him, Matt. 16:22.

alashpaka, n., a warm climate; a warm
region.

alatkachi, a., lined, or laid on in several
thicknesses.

ale, exclamation, to halloo (used in call
ing another person); hulloa or holla.

aleli, v. t., to weed; to plow among corn or
other vegetables the tirst time; leli is
to weed; the a prefixed probably de
notes the place where.

aleli, n., a weeder; one that weeds or
frees from anything noxious.

ali, alleh, exclamation, uttered by child
ren when in pain; oh dear.

alia, pp., weeded, or the place weeded.

alikchi, allikchi, n., a doctor; a phy
sician, Matt, 9: 12; an Indian doctor.

alikchi, v. t, , to doctor; to practice as a
physician; to administer medicine; to
attend to the sick, as a physician; im-
alikchi, v. t., to doctor him. One mode
of treating the rheumatism is thus de
scribed: The patient shuts himself up
in a hot house, strips himself naked,
makes a lire, and lies there and sweats
freely. He then takes a fragment of a
bottle and scarifies himself. After this
he goes to a creek and bathes and
anoints his body with oil.

alikchi ilaliobi, n., a quack; an empiric.

alikti, v. a. i., to spring up, to grow.

alikti, pp., a., grown up.

alikti, n., the growth; the young growth.

aliktichi, v. t., cans., to cause it to grow.

aliktichi, n., young birds just fledged or
feathering; a pin feather.

allalluak, see alolua.

almuk, n., the almug tree, 1 Kings, 10:
11, 12.

aloah, see alua.

alohbi, allohbi, a., sultry; hot; warm,
still, and without wTind.

alohbi, v. n. , to be sultry, hot, warm and
still and without wind.

alohbi, n., the heat; warmth; sultriness.

alokoli, n., a cluster; a collection; chuka
alokoli

alolua, v. a. i. pi., to fill up; v. n., to be
full; alota, sing.

alolua, allolua, allalluak, a., pi., full.

alolua, pp., filled.

alolua, n., fullness.

alolichi, v. t. , to cause to be sultry, hot,
or warm.

aloshuma, v. n., to be finished off at.

aloshuma, n., the place where it is fin
ished.

aloshuma, pp., finished off at.

aloshummi, v. t., to finish off at.

alota, v. a. i., sing., to fill up; it fills up;
allota, less than alota; a diminutive of
alota; v. a. i., to fill up slowly.

alota, v. n., to be full.

alota, a., full; big, Luke 5: 7; fraught;
high; replete; Matt. 14: 20; 15: 37; alota-
ma, "when it was full," Matt. 13: 48.

alota, pp., filled; crowded; stuffed.

alota, n., fullness; a fill; plenitude.

alotoli, alotuli, sing, and pi., to fill,
John 2:7; to replenish; to stuff; to fill
to the brim; full banks, Josh. 9: 13.

alotowa, alotoa, a. sing, and pi., pas
sive and intransitive, very full; brim
ful; alota, simple form.

alotowa, v. a. i., intensive form, to fill
up, Gen. 1: 28.

alotowa, v. n., to be full, Matt. 6: 22.

alotowa, pp., to be filled to the brim,
Luke 1: 15.

alotowa, n., fullness; abundance; clmn-
kfisJi an alotowakmakon, Matt. 12: 34.

alta, n., an altar, 2 Sam. 24: 18, 21.

alua, 11., a burn; a place burnt; a scald.

alua, aloah, a., pp., a burnt place; v. a.
i., to burn at, or on; to burn there, as
it burns there.

aluachi, v. t., to burn; to consume; isJit
alaachi, to burn with, Luke 3: 17.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

aluhmi, v. t., to hide at or in; to conceal;

to secrete.
aluhmi, v. a. L, to hide; to lie concealed;

kohchi aluhmi, to hide in a thicket,
alukoli, see lukoli.
alulli, v. t. pi., to fill, Gen. 44: 1.
aluma, pp. , hid or hidden at.
aluma, n., a hiding place; a place of

concealment; concealment; a lurking

place; obscureness; obscurity; a recess.
alumanka, n., a secret; a secret place.
alumpoa, pp. pi., hid or hidden at; cf.

aluma.
alumpoa, n. pi., secret places; hiding

places,
alusa, n., a black place; a place made

black; black.

alusachi, v. t., to blacken; to make black,
alusachi, a. , dark colored,
alusachi, v. n., to be dark colored.
alabocha, n., a vessel for boiling food

in; a pot; a boiler,
alacha, v. n., to fit in; to fill up; to

stand in; to fit in, as a stick of timber

is fitted for another; alac.haya, pro.

form; alachkacJii, pass. pi.
alachahachi, v. t. pi. , to set them in.
alachali, v. t. sing., to set a stick in.
alanfa, n., a trace; a line; a mark,
alaka, n., the midriff; the diaphragm,
alakofahe keyu, a., inevitable; incur
able.
alakofi, v. a. L, to escape at; to escape

from; to heal; to recover from,
alakofi, n., a refuge; a place of escape;

deliverance; salvation; a remedy; isht

alakofahe, Luke 4: 18.
alakofi, n., a refugee.
alakofi, pass., healed; rescued; saved.
alakofichi, v. t, cans., to heal; to save;

to rescue from,
alakofichi, n., a deliverer.
alanta, pass, nasal form of following, be
ing mixed, as uksahtlanta.
alatali, v. t., to mix; alantali, nasal form,
alachaya, v. i., pro. form, from alacha (q.

v. ),to stand in; to fit in; to fill, Jer.

23:24.
alachkachi, v. n. pi., to fit in; to fill up,

as to fit a tenon for the mortise.
alechi, v. t., to destroy; ixht imaleclii, his

destruction, 2 Chron. 22: 4.

aleka, n., misery or distress brought on
one by his own misconduct; danger;
Matt. 5: 21, 22; 10: 15; 11: 22, 24.

aleka, a., distressed.

aleka, v. n., to be in distress, as irn-
aleka fehna, he is in great misery; hn-
aleka, to suffer pain from his own mis
conduct; alekqclii, v. t., as imalckachi;
alekqchechi, v. t. caus., as in irnalekq-
chechi.

aleli, v. t., to scuffle; toim y«n itimaleli,
they scuiile with each other for the
ball.

aleli, n., a scufHer.

alelichi, v. a., to roll up the sleeves,
etc., above the elbows, and the panta
loons above the knees; alUta, pass.,
rolled up.

alepa,n.,adrum; afiddle; acommondrum
or fiddle; a harp; a stringed instrument
of music; a lyre; an organ; a tabor.

alepa boli, v. t., to drum; to beat the
drum; to play on the drum.

alepa boli, n., a drummer.

alepa chito, n., a large drum; a bass
viol; a drum; a viol.

alepa chito boh, v. t., to drum; to beat
the big drum.

alepa chito boli, n., a drummer.

alepa chito isht boli, n., a drumstick.

alepa chito isht olachi, n., the bow
used in playing on the bass viol.

alepa chito olachi, v. t., to play on
the bass viol.

alepa chito olachi, n., one that plays
on the bass viol.

alepa olachi, v. t., to play on the
fiddle or violin; to fiddle; to drum; to
harp.

alepola, n., a march; a particular beat
of the drum; the music of the drum.

alepolachi, n., a fiddler; a harper.

alepush ikbi, n., a fiddle maker.

alepush olachi, n., a fiddler; fiddling.

alepushi, n., a diminutive, a fiddle or
violin smaller than the alepa; a hand
organ.

alepushi isht olachi, n., a fiddlestick;
a fiddle bow.

alepushi isht talakchi, n., a fiddle-
string.

alepushi olachi, v. t., to fiddle; to play
on the violin.

40

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

anli, from aft, limit, etc.; being the end
of it,

anli, a., true; faithful; correct; pure (1 K.
10: 21); fair; upright; just; certain; hon
est; valid; virgin (as virgin gold); great
in the sense of real; (aianli, Matt. 7: 27);
intrinsic; immaculate; legitimate; nice;
open; proper; right; sheer; simple;
sincere; single; solid; sound; stable;
straight; strict; sure; trusty; unaffected;
undoubted; unfeigned; unmingled;
real; genuine; authentic; accurate; sure
(during the age of an adult); conscien
tious; cordial; effectual; equitable;
frank; good; nakni tashka anli, n., an
able-bodied man or warrior; neg. form
ikanlo, a., uncandid; unjust; unsound;
unstable; vain; unhandsome; false; not
true; untrue; faithless; dishonest; erro
neous; fallacious; groundless; hollow-
hearted; inaccurate; incorrect; indirect;
ineffectual; insincere; perfidious; spuri
ous; treacherous; unfair; unfaithful;
ikanlo kawa a., undesirable; not to be
desired, ikanlo achahe kei/u, undenia
ble; he can not say it is false; imali,
true of him; true to him; true for him;
ikimanlo, a., not true of him (i. e., the
accusation); innocent.

anli, n., truth; equity; execution; a fact;
fairness; faithfulness; integrity; open
ness; right; simplicity; sincerity; single
ness ;trueness; verity; virtue; ikanlo, n.,
a falsehood; an untruth; hollowness;
treachery; vanity.

anli, v. u., to be true, faithful, honest,
etc., Matt. 17: 25; anli rtiakon, that is
true, or true that is, Matt, 6: 2, 5; 8: 10;
13: 17; aianli, pro., Luke 16: 11, to be
fulfilled, Matt. 1:23; 2: 15; out aianli-
tok makoke, was fulfilled, Matt. 12: 21;
be established, Matt. 18: 16; ikanlo
adii v. a. i., to say it is false; to deny;
to contradict; to gainsay, anli xl ike, a
sentence; it is true. See John 3: 3, 5,
11; .X///.V is a particle of affirmation in
the definite present tense. Verbs neu
ter may be rendered as sentences by
adding xhkc to them (as kqllothke, it is
strong), and without this appendage
merely by accenting the last syllable,
as nnli', it is true; /•«//</, it is strong.

anli, pass., authenticated; attested ; estab
lished; verified; fulfilled; Matt. 2: 17;
5: 18.

anli, adv., truly; certainly; really; faith
fully; heartily; nicely; richly; rightly;
sincerely; strictly ; surely ; verily ; ikanlo,
adv., falsely; untruly.

anli, v. a. i., to act truly; to be true; to
hold; to prove; ishanli, you act truly;
anlili, I act truly.

anli achit anoli, v. a. i., to affirm; to
testify; lit, to speak and tell truly.

anli achit miha, v. t., to assert; to
avouch; to say and speak truly.

anli fehna achit miha, to allege; to
say and speak very truly.

anli hon, adv., verily, Matt. 18: 3.

anli makon, adv., verily, Matt. 8: 10;
Matt. 10: 15, 23, 18: 13. John 3: 3.
anli makon chimachilishke, verily I say
unto thee; aianli makon chimachilishke,
in truth, to thee I do say, Luke 23: 43.

alia, v. t., to commit whoredom, i. e.,
for a plurality of men to humble one
woman. See Judg. 19: 25.

anlichi, v. t. caus., to make true; to es
tablish the truth; to fulfill a promise;
to attest; to ratify; to assure; to authen
ticate; to establish; to evidence; to
evince; to execute; to prove; to
strengthen ; to verify ; to warran t . Matt.
3: 15.

alifa, linfa, pass, sing., stripped off.

alinfa, v. a. i., to come off.

alinfachi, v. t. caus., to tie a running knot
or noose.

alinffi, v. t., to strip off.

alinfichi, v. t. caus., to tie with a noose;
to tie a running noose.

ahnkachechi, v. t. caus., to strip off.

alinkachi, pass. pi. of alinfa, stripped off.

alikachi, v. a. i. pi., to come off.

alioa, lioa, v. t. pi., to take the track and
follow, to pursue. See lioli.

aholi, v. t., to pursue.

alipa, v. n., to lie on the face; alipat
•ixltko, to lie down and drink; alipia,
pro. form.

alipo, n., covering of a camp; roof of a
little shed.

anlit, adv., surely; truly; with truth; in
truth. When the letter t is suffixed to
a word it is connected with the next

BYINGTON] A DICTIONAHT OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

41

following word and often qualifies it if
verb, as adverbs do.

anht achi, v. a. i., to speak truly; or, to
true and speak; or, he trues and speaks.

aliyuha, v. a. i., to pursue, Josh. 8: 16;
neg. ikaliyuho, Josh. 8: 17.

alohbi, a., warm; hot.

alohbi, v. n., to be warm or hot; sialohbi,
I am warm.

alohbi, pass., heated; burnt; warmed;
tanchi at alohbi, the corn is burnt.

alohbichi, v. t. caus., to warm; to heat.

alopoli, n. pi., fords, passes.

alopoli, v. a. i. pi., to pass through at.

alopolichi, v. t. caus., "to take through.

alopulli, n. sing., a ford; a pass; a ferry;
a crossing.

alopulli, v. a. i., to pass through at.

alopullichi, v. t. caus., to take through
at.

alopullichi, n. , one that conducts through
at.

alukafa, n., a perforation.

alukali, n. pi., perforations; or pp., per
forated at.

alumpa, n., a perforation; place pierced;
a puncture.

am, a prefixed pronoun; of the same
meaning as «™, an, and am; I, as
amponna, I am skilled, I know; ama-
hoba, I reckon, I presume, or it seems
to me; me in the objective or dative
case, as ampota, to lend to me; am is
usually found before words beginning
with p and b; am before vowels, qmis-
suba; amia; go for me and sam after 2d
person sing., and plural, insamithana,
thou knowest me; hassamithana, ye
know me.

ama; see kama, Acts, 24: 11 [?].

amakali, a., graceful.

amakali, v. n., to be graceful.

arnakalichi, v. t., to render graceful.

amali, v. a. i., to turn there, on, or over.

amalichi, n., a floor or place for win
nowing grain, Luke 3: 17.

amalichi, v. t., to winnow there, at, or
by; to fan.

amashlichi, v. t, to fan.

amashlichi, n., a fan; a fanner.

amba, conj., but, John 1: 12; however;
unless; amba is the nasal form of aha,
and is derived from aba, being above
or out of; or from a», and ba. an ad

verb meaning really [merely]; amba,
but, Matt. 6: 33; 18: 16; amba na holis-
sochi, and, Matt. 7: 29; 10: 30; amba
yammak okato, Matt. 13: 11, 48.

amia; Chihowa at amia tuchina, Hymn
Book, page 206. II.

amih, see mih.

amih achafa, a., one; the same; tuchina
iknanakia amih achafa hake, 1 John
5:7[?].

amiha, n., a saying; a maxim; a remark;
a subject of conversation.

aimhachi, v. t., to accuse, Matt. 27: 12.

aminko, v. t., to reign, Luke 19: 15.

amilofa, n., a place which is filed; or,
pp., filed there.

aminti, n., source; origin; the place
whence anything comes; a fountain;
a germ; the spring.

aminti, v. a. i., to come from.

amishonfa, sing. v. a. i., to rub on or
against.

amishonfa, pp., a., rubbed.

amishom, v. t. sing., to rub against.

amishoha, pp. pi., rubbed.

amishohachi, v. t. pi. , to rub against.

amishokachi, n., a rub.

aminshokachi, amoshokachi, ami
shokachi, v. a. i. pi., to rub; it rubs
against.

amisholichi, v. t., to rub.

amisholichi, n., a rubber.

amo, art., the; the one which; the said;
it is used in the nom. and obj. cases,
Josh. 6: 22; amo, hamo, yamo, kamo,
kamo, chamo may be classed with ad
verbs of past time, Matt. 22: 8; in nom.
case, John 21: 21.

amochonli, v. t., to wink at.

amohsholechi, v. t. caus., to precipi
tate; to drive forward.

amokafa, v. t., to attack; to run upon,
Luke 14: 31; to meet in battle, Matt.
24: 7.

amokafi, v. a., to rise; itamokaft, Matt.
24: 7; Luke 14: 31.

amona, ammona, hammona, adv. or
n., the first; the beginning, amona yan,
at first, John 1:1.

amoshokachi, see aminshokachi.

amosholi, a., greedy; precipitous; reso
lute.

amosholi, seeamoslndi.

amoshuli, amohsholi, v. t., v. a. i., to

42

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

run on; to venture on; to precipitate;
to have courage, Josh. 1:6, 7; to per
severe, Josh. 10: 25; to rush; to venture.

amoshuli, n., precipitancy; prowess; a
rush; an onset.

ampa, nasal form from apa, eating, to be
eating; to eat meat, bread, and potatoes,
dipped in gravy; ahampa, freq., to keep
eating; to be often eating.

ampatoba, n., a pottery.

amphata, n., a plate; a pan; pottery;
crockery.

amphata chito, n., a platter; "a
charger," Matt. 14: 8, 11.

ampi, n., an ear (as tanch ampi, an ear of
corn).

ampkoa, n., a potsherd; a piece or
fragment of a broken pot; a piece of a
broken earthen vessel; Job. 2: 8; a
broken bowl; a piece of broken crock
ery; ampkokoa, pi.

ampmahaia, ampmaiha, n., a griddle;
a broad, shallow pan for baking cakes.

ampmahaia apalaska, n., a griddle.

ampmalaha, n., a dish.

ampmalaspoa, n. pi., plates; platters.

ampmalaswa, n. pi., plates.

ampmalassa, n., a plate.

ampmalha, 11., a dish.

ampo, n., a bowl; a pan; crockery;
earthenware; pottery; a vessel.

ampo aiachefa, ampo aiokami, n., a
wash bowl.

ampo atala, n., a crockery shelf; a shelf
for bowls.

ampo chito, n., a large bowl; a large
dish.

ampo ikbi, ampo tana, n., a potter.

ampo mahaia, n., a pan, 2 Sam. 13:9.

amppatassa, n., a large plate.

ampushi, n., a small bowl.

an, pro. pre. "my " us d in this form be
fore a noun which begins with <-h, /, or
t, as anclnikd, my house; anfaslika, my
warrior; (uili«tl:, my lire; (uichilokaka,
my Lord, Luke 1: 43; before a verb, an
adjective, and other parts of speech
which begin with rA, /, or t, <ni means
to me, of me, for me, etc; a preposi
tion is understood. J>efore some words
an is written a, and before others (an,
and sometimes am. Before nouns it
is parsed with the nouns. Before
verbs, etc., it is generally in the da

tive case — sometimes rendered as in
the nom. case, as anhollo, dear to me,
or, I love it, and the like; san or san oc
curs after the 2d person, and plural of
the active pronouns; ismn, issan, hassan,
hassan.

anakfi, n., my brother, an appellation
used only by females, Josh. 2: 13; cJd-
nakfi, thy brother, addressed to a fe
male; innakfi, her brother.

anaklopulli, v. a. i., to pass through; to
prevail.

anaksi, n., the side.

anaksi, v. a. i., to turn the side.

anaksika, n., the' side; outside.

anaksika, v. a, i., to go to the side.

anaksinka, nasal form, going to one side.

anaksikachi, v. t. caus., to put to one
side; to thrust into a corner.

anakshonfa, v. a. i., to scorch; to parch.

anakshonfa, anukshunfa, pp. sing.,
singed; scorched; burnt.

anakshonfa, v. n., to be singed; to be
parched; ikanakshufo, a., unscorched.

anakshonm, v. t. sing., to singe; to burn;
to parch; to parch up; to toast.

anaksholi, v. t. pi., to singe; to scorch; to
burn; to parch up; to toast.

anaksholi, n., a singer; one who singes.

anakshua, anakshoha, pp. pi., singed;
scorched; burnt; parched; toasted; ik-
anakslto, a., unscorched.

anakshua, v. a. i., to scorch; to parch.

anakshua, v. n., to be singed; to be
burnt; to be scorched, Matt. 13: 6.

anaktibafa, pp. sing., glanced.

anaktibafa, v. a. i., to glance; it glances.

anaktibaloa, pp. pi., glanced.

anaktibaloa, v. a. i. pi., to glance; it
glances.

anaktibaloli, v. t, pi., to make or cause
to glance1; anaktibaloUchi, causative.

anaktibaffi, v. t, sing., to glance; to cause
to glance; to stumble.

anaktiballi. v. t. pi., to make them
glance; to stumble.

anaktiballichi, v. t. cans., to cause them
to glance.

anaktiboa, pp. pi., glanced.

anaktiboa, v. a. i., to glance.

anala, anala, unala, pp., nailed on.

anala, n., a wound.

anali, v. t, sing., to nail; to nail on; to
fasten with a nail; to wound; alionqli,
pi. tq. v.).

BYINQTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

43

analichi, v. t. caus., to nail on; to nail to;
to fasten with a nail; ahonqUchi, pi.
(q. v.); ahonala, pp.

anchaha, pp., a., painted; color laid on
the face.

anchali, v. a. i., to paint; to lay colors on
the face; to rouge, 2 Kings 9: 30.

anchali, n., a painter.

anchalichi, v. t., to paint another; to lay
colors on the face of another; to rouge.

anchi, n., a cloak; a mantle; a robe; a
shawl; a blanket; clothes; a coverlet;
a scarf; a stole; raiment, Matt. 3:4; a
garment, Matt. 9: 16; imancJii, his gar
ment, Matt. 14: 36; his raiment, Matt.
17:2.

anchi, v. a. i., to put a cloak, etc., on
one's self; to cloak; to robe.

anchi, pp., robed; see Mark 14: 51, nipi
bano liosh linen anchi.

anchi holitopa, n., a pall.

anchichechi, v. t., to robe another per
son; to put a cloak and the like on to
another person; to robe.

anchichi, v. t., to put a cloak, etc., on
another person; to blanket another;
to mantle; to robe another.

ani, v. t., from ani, to pour in; anilish, I
pour in, etc. («s7i has the force of a conj. ).

anihechi, anihichi, n., a threshing floor
or threshing place, 2 Sam. 24: 16,
18, 21.

aninchi, v. t.,to respect; see ahnichi.

aninchichechi, v. t., to cause to suppu
rate; to cause to maturate; to promote
suppuration.

aninchichi, v. a. i., to suppurate; to mat
urate; to become ripe; to fester; to
gather pus; to matter; to rankle.

aninchichi, n., matter; pus; suppuration;
corruption.

aninchichi, a., mature; ripe.

anitanki, n., light, Luke 16: 8.

annumpa, see anumpa.

ano, ano, art., the obj. case of ato, or ato.
Sometimes the article in this case is
written hano, and yano, for euphony's
sake.

ano, ano, rel. pro. in the obj. case, used
after adj. and verb, subj. ato; the which;
the one which; that which; see an.
It differs from a rel. pro. It appears

to be used to give more distinction of
object and is more sonorous and ap
pears often in solemn style; ano, hano.
yano, ^anoare often heard in the speech
of a Choctaw orator. The last syllable
is accented.

anoa, annoa, annoa, annowa, pp., de
clared; described; designated; detailed;
enunciated; famed; stated, Matt. 9: 26;
told; related; reported; proclaimed;
noised abroad, Luke 1: 65; rumored;
informed; posted; mentioned; narrated;
noised; published; reported; revealed;
ikannoo, a., unpublished; untold; ano-
ho^wa, pp. freq., often told; imanoa,
pp., warned; notified; bidden; ikiman-
noo, a., unbidden; uncalled; uncom-
manded; undirected; uninvited.

anoa tapa, a,, ineffable.

anoa, annoa, anowa, n., a narration; a
report; a rumor; fame, Josh. 9: 9; in
formation; imanoa, a citation; a rela
tion; renown; tidings, 1 Sam. 4: 19; isht
annoa, fame of, Matt. 4: 24; annoftonwa,
fame, Matt. 14: 1; see below.

anoa, annowa, annoa, a., famous;
noted; notable; illustrious; known,
Matt. 10: 26.

anoa, annowa, v. n., to be famous; to be
noted; to be well known; annohonwa,
freq., to be often told, Matt. 14: 1.

anoa, adv., again; once more.

anoachi, annoachi, v. t. caus., to pro
claim; to tell; to cause to be told; to
promulgate; to promulge; to post;
annowac/ii, Matt. 9: 31.

anoachi, n. , a proclaimer; a promulgator.

anoli, v. t., v. a. i., to tell; to relate; to
narrate: to publish; to declare; to re
hearse; and to convey (news); -to carry
intelligence; to describe; to designate;
to detail; to direct; to disclose; to di
vulge; to draw; to enunciate; to in
form; to mention; to noise; to notify;
to open; to preach; to predicate; to
proclaim; to project; to promulgate;
to promulge; to recite; to recount; to
repeat; to report; to represent; to re
turn; to reveal; to rumor; to show; to
signify; to speak, Matt. 10: 27; to spec
ify; to state; to story; to suggest; to
tell; to touch; to unfold; to utter; to
vent; to witness; imanoli, Josh. 2: 2;

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Matt. 2: 8; 14: 12; annonli, nasal form,
anont, contracted; anontia, to go and
tell or gone to tell; anohonli, freq., to
say; to reiterate; issamanoli, tell me;
Josh. 7: 19; anoyuoli, pro. ioTm;imanoli,
\. t., to tell him; to cite him; to warn
him; to summon him; isht anoli, to tell
about; to narrate concerning; pit anoli,
to send word yonder or that way; et
anoli, to send word here or this way;
nan anoli, v. t., to blab; to tattle; isht
ilanoli, Matt. 12: 36;itanoli, to confess;
to acknowledge; to own; to speak of
himself, John 1: 22; to render, Matt. 3:
6; ilimanoli, Josh. 7: 19; ilanoli, n., a
confession; a concession; ilanoli, n., a
confessor; itimanoli, to tell each other;
anolahe keyu, a., unutterable; ilanolahe
keyu, to disown; he will not confess;
nan anoli, v. t., to tattle.

anoli, n., a teller; a relator; a narrator;
an advertiser; a declarer; a director; an
informer; an informant; a promul-
gator; a rehearser; a reporter; a repre
sentative; a story teller.

anoli, n., a murmur; a narration; a nar
rative; a publication; a recital; a rela
tion.

anompisachi, anumpisachi, v. t., to
take aim; to level. This is probably a
compound word from a there, on on it,
pisachi, to take sight.

anonowa achukma keyu, a. , unpopular.

anonti, adv., again; once more; a second
time; further; and, Matt. 12: 25; 11:4;
17: 4; "again," Matt. 13: 44, 45;
anonti, Mark 11: 27; Matt. 2: 8; 5: 33;
conj. "and," Matt. 7: 22.

anonti, exclam. of surprise and regret.

anopoli, v. t., v. a. L, to speak; to talk;
Luke 2: 33. This form of the word is
rare; anumpuli is the most usual form
(q. v.).

anowa, v. a. i., to wade; anowat lopulli,
v. t., to wade through.

anowa, pp., trodden, traveled; ikanowo,
a., untraveled, untrodden.

anowa, verbal, from a and nowa, a path;
an alley; an avenue; a walk; a track;
a small path; a footstep; a mall; a trace.

anowa, conj., similar to anonti, "used by
the late Col. D. Folsom."

anowa, n., fame; or anoa, (q. v.).

ant, a "directive particle" indicating
the direction of an action toward the
speaker and usually rendered by
' ' come. " It is perhaps derived from
ala, to come. It is used with verbs of
motion, generally prefixed, and does
not occur alone. See anyqt qlqt ant akim,
John 15: 22; okla ant, etc., Matt. 4: 11;
Luke 5:7; ant pesa, come and see; ant
aiokpachi, Matt. 8: 2; ant chumpa, come
and buy; ant ia, come and go, i. e.,
come on by. It is the opposite of
ont (q. v.); ont may be contracted
from ona, to go to; ant ia, to come
by; to come past; to come on; ont
ia, to go by; ant qpqt tali tok, came
and devoured them up, Matt. 13: 4;
peni an ant qlhtoma, when they were
come into the ship; ant itimanumpuli,
Matt. 17:3; ahanta, Matt. 13: 45, to be
engaged in, Josh. 1 : 5.

anta, antta, nasal form, of qtta, to re
side; to sojourn; to while.

anta, v. a. i., to stay; to reside; toabide;
to live; to dwell; to inhabit; to rest; to
tarry, Luke 2: 43; to remain; to har
bor; to last (as a living creature); to
lodge; to tabernacle; isht anta, v. t.,
to be busy about, etc.; to attend to,
Matt. 4: 11; to wait on; to ply; to wait;
to wage. This word anta is often used
to supply the want of the verb
to be, Matt 12: 6; tianta, refl., to re
tire; to reside alone; ilanta, pp., re
tired; ahanta, freq. form; ibaianta,
to stay with; to cohabit; itibaianta,
to stay together with; ikantaahni, v. t.,
to harbor; to wish him to remain; ik-
anto, a., unsettled; aianta, intensive
form of anta, v. t., to occupy; to stay
at; aiahanta, Matt. 6: 6; see minko
aiahanta, Matt. 2: 1.

anta, n.,a stay.

antek, my sister; Matt. 12: 50. An ap
pellative proper only for a brother to
use to his sister or concerning his sister.
When annakfi is proper for a woman in
speaking to or of a brother, this is
proper for a man in speaking to or of
his sister; chintek, thy sister; intek,
his sister.

antia, v. t., to obey; to conform; as im-
antia, to obey; from atia (q. v.); antia,

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A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

45

the nasal form, is most used; ikimantio,
v. t., to disobey him; ikimantio, a.,
disobedient; unduteous; undutiful.

antta, see ant a.

anunka, a., inner; interior.

anunka, prep., within; in; osapa anunka,
in afield, Matt. 13: 44.

anunka, v. n.,to be within; to be inside.

anunka, n., the inside.

anunka alata, n., a lining.

anunka hanta, n., same as aboha hanta,
a white house; a senate house; state
house; house of peace and friendship.

anunka lashpa, n., a hot house; the
winter house or sleeping room of the
ancient Choctaw.

anunkaka, n., the space or place within;
the interior; the inside; the bowels, as
sinakak anunkaka, Matt. 6: 2; aboha kallo
anunkaka yan, in the prison; yakni
anunkaka, the bowels of the earth;
chunkash anunkaka, in the heart; the
inside of the heart; recesses of the heart,
Mark 2: 6,8; anuflkaka yokato, Matt. 7:
15; 14: 10, 33; Josh. 2: 19; 7: 21.

anunkaka, a., internal; intestine; in
trinsic; intrinsical; inward.

anunkaka, adv., prep., within.

anunkaka fehna, a., inmost; aboha
anunkaka fehna ka, 2 Kings 9: 2.

anukanka iklanna, a., inner.

anunkaka pisa, n., insight.

anukbankchi, n., the tenderloin.

anukbata, a., raging; mad.

anukbata, v. a. i., to rage; to rave.

anukbata, n., rage; madness.

anukbatachi, v. t., to enrage; to cause
a raging.

anukbiafe, pass, sing., anukbia, pi.,
peeled off; uski anukbia, kunshak anuk
bia, knives of cane bark peeled off.

anukbiaffi, v. t. sing., to peel off the
bark of hickory or cane, etc., in strips;
anukbieli, pi.; anukbiafa, pass. sing.

anukbikeli, v. n., to press or hang in
the throat; or lie hard in the stomach,
as food that adheres to the throat, or
distresses the stomach.

anukbikeli, n., a stoppage; an obstruc
tion in the throat.

anukbikelichi, v. t. caus., to cause a
pressure or stoppage in the throat, or
to cause food to lie hard in the stomach.

anukchaha, a., envious; ill natured.

anukchaha, v. n., to be envious; to be
ill natured.

anukchaha, n., envy; ill nature.

anukchahachi, v. t., to cause envy or
ill nature; to provoke.

anukcheta hinla, a., trusty.

anukcheto, v. t,, to trust in; to depend
upon; to serve; to wait upon; to con
fide; to resign; to stay; anukchieto, pro.
form (and one much used), to trust,
Matt, 12: 21; Mark 10: 24; anukchinto,
nasal form, trusting; confiding; to rely;
to repose.

anukcheto, n., a dependent; one who
relies upon another for aid, etc. ; inla
anukcheto keyu, a., independent; not
dependent on another.

anukcheto, n., confidence.

anukchilafa, v. a. i. sing., to prate; to
talk impertinently.

anukchilafa, n., a prater.

anukchilali, n. pi., praters.

anukchilali, v. a. i. pi., to prate.

anukchito, v. a. i., to hesitate; to falter;
anukchinto, nasal form.

anukfila, v. a i.; imanukfila, to be
minded, Matt. 1: 19.

anukfila, n., thought; usually found with
a prefixed pronoun, as am, chim, im,
pirn., etc.; see imanukfila, 1 Tim. 6:
11; Articles of faith, sec. \.; nan anukfila,
mind, Phil. 2: 5; anukfila, pp., consid
ered.

anukfilema, v. a. i. sing., to turn in
side out (as the inside comes out);
anukfilemoa, pi.

anukfilema, pp., a., turned inside out;
turned wrong side out.

anukfilema, n., the turning of the in
side out.

anukfilemoa, v. a. i. pi., to turn in
side out.

anukfilemoa, pp. pi., turned inside out;
turned wrong side out.

anukfilemoli, v. t. pi., to turn the in
side out.

anukfilimmi, v. t. pi., to turn inside out.

anukfilli, v. a. i., v. t., to deem; to digest;
to entertain; to hammer; to heed; to
imagine; to invent; to look; to muse; to
ponder; to purpose; to reason; to reckon;
to reflect; to regard; to remark; to
repute; to resolve; to ruminate; to
scheme; to speculate; to study; to view;

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[BULL. 46

to weigh; to will; to wish; to think;
to consider; to reflect; to judge; to
meditate, Josh. 1:8; to muse; to de
liberate; to feel; to cogitate; to conceit;
to conceive; to contemplate; to count
upon; to debate, i. e., to consider; an-
ukfteli, pro. form; isht anukfieli, to muse,
Luke 3: 15; to ruminate; to run; anuk-
fihinli, to think on, Matt, 1: 20; 6: 27;
isht anukfilli, v. t., to think about or
concerning; ilanukjilli, to think within
himself, Luke 16: 3; nan isJit ilaianukfi-
hinli, take thought for the things of
itself, the reciprocal pro. applied to
things; ikanukfillo, a., unstudied.

anukfilli, v. t., to think of; chianukfillit
bin! lil! shke.

anukfilli, a., thoughtful; wishful; ikanuk-
fillo, a., mindless; unfeeling; unmedi-
tated; unstudied; unthinking.

anukfilli, n., meditation; study; think
ing.

anukfilli, n., a thinker; a considerer; a
contemplator; a speculator.

anukfillit hobachi, v. t., to image; to
imagine.

anukfillit pisa; ilanukfillit pisa, v. ref.,
to examine one's self; ilanukfillit pisa,
n., self-examination.

anukfillituk keyu, a., unpremeditated.

anukfohka, v. a. i., to understand; to
know; to remember; to lodge; anuk-
fonka, nasal form, hachi anukfokald oka,
for ye shall know, Matt. 10: 19.

anukfohka, a., pp., enlightened; having
knowledge of; having embraced; anuk-
fonka, nasal form; isJtt anukfoka, en
lightened by means of, Luke 1 : 41 and
67; isht anukfohkat imalotowa, being
filled with, Luke 4:1.

anukfohka, n., knowledge; understand
ing; knowledge received and em
braced.

anukfohkachechi, v. t., to instruct or
to persuade; to put it into their minds;
inminko ikimantio ka chi^ka aniikfoh-
kachichi, sedition, Luke 23: 25.

anukfohki, v. t., to embrace; to acquire
knowledge ( used in regard to those who
embrace the gospel); to believe; ilanuk-
foJiki, reflexive.

anukfohkichi, v. t. caus., togivo knowl
edge; to enlighten; to impart knowl
edge; to impart a belienny knowledge

of a subject; anukfokinchi, nasal form;
anukfokihmchi, freq.

anukfokichi, n., an enlightener; an in
structor; one that imparts knowledge.

anukhanklo, n., a place of sorrow; an
occasion of sorrow.

anukhammi, v. n., to be in pain; si-
anukhammi, I am in pain; anukhai-
yqmrni, pro. form.

anukhamzrti, n., pain.

anukhammi, a., painful.

anukhammichi, v. t. , to cause pain.

anukhobela, v. n., to be angry; to be
wroth; sianukhobela, I am enraged;
amikhobiela, pro. form, Matt. 2: 16.

anukhobela, n., fury; madness.

anukhobela, a., furious; mad.

anukhobela iksho, v. a. i., to be meek,
or without wrath.

anukhobelachi, v. t., to enrage; to mad
den; to make mad.

anukkilli, v. a. i., to hate; to bear mal
ice.

anukkilli, n., hatred.

anuklamampa, v. n., to feel surprise.

anunklupatka, n., the peelings from the
inside of the intestines in dysentery.

anuklakancha, v. a. i., to take fright;
to fear; to marvel; to start.

anuklakancha, a., pp., frightened;
amazed; surprised; astonished; okla hat
anuklakancha tok, the people were as
tonished, Matt. 7: 28.

anuklakancha, v. n., to be frightened;
to be amazed, John 3: 7.

anuklakancha, n., fright; amazement.

anuklakashli, v. t, to frighten; to
amaze; to astound; to astonish; to sur
prise.

anuklamalli, v. a. i., to strangle; to
choke.

anuklamalli, pp., strangled.

anuklamallichi, v. t., to strangle.

anuklamaDichi, n., a strangler; stran
gulation.

anuklinfa, v. a. i., to run or slip through
a noose.

anuklinfa, pp., drawn through.

anuklinfa, n., a slipping through (per
haps a noose); a slipknot.

anuklinffi, v. t., to draw through a
noose or a loop; to make a slipknot.

anukliffichi, v. t., to cause to draw-
through a noose.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

47

anukliha, pp. pi., drawn through a
noose.

anukliha, v. a. i. pi., to run through.

anuklilelichi, v. t. pi., to draw a rope
through a noose, as in roping cattle.

anukpalli, v. n., to feel interest; to feel
a temptation; to feel the influence of
an object; sianukpalli, I am interested.

anukpalli, a., interested; excited; en
ticed; tempted.

anukpallichi, v. t., to interest; to ex
cite the passions; to tempt; to allure.

anukpallichi, n., a tempter.

anukpallika, n., temptation, Matt. 6:
13; Luke 11: 4.

anukpilefa, pp. sing., turned inside out,
or wrong side out; turned.

anukpiliffi, v. t., to turn; to turn inside
out.

anukpiloa, pp. pi., turned; turned in
side out.

anukpiloli, v. t. pi., to turn: to turn
inside out.

anukpoali, v. a. i., to feel sick at the
stomach; to nauseate.

anuksita, n., a gallows; a gibbet.

anuksita, v. a. i., to cleave to; to adhere
with attachment; to hang to; anuksitia,
pro. form, and the one most used.

anuksita, n., attachment.

anuksiteli, v. t., to hang by the neck; to
execute by hanging.

anuksiteli, n., a gibbet; a gallows.

anuksitkachi, v. t. pi., to cleave to; to
hang to; see liatak anuksitkachi.

anuksitkachi, n. pi., a hanging to.

amikshomota, v. a. i. ; anukshomunta,
nasal form v. n., to be in a rage; to
rage; to be peevish; sianukshomunta, I
am in a rage.

anukshomunta, a., raging; peevish;
fierce; anukshomunia fehna hatukon, be
ing exceeding fierce, Matt. 8: 28.

anukshomunta, n., rage; peevishness.

anukshunfa, see anaksJiu^fa.

anukshumpa, v. a. i., to wish for more
food or instruction, not having had
enough. — P. Fisk.

anuktapa, v. n., to be greedy; to be in
satiable.

anuktapa, a., greedy; insatiable.

anuktapli, anuktabli, v. a. i. pi., to go
to excess,

anuktaptua, v. n., to be insatiable; to be
greedy.

anuktaptua, a., pp., insatiable; greedy.

anuktaptuli, v. t. pi., to go to excess.

anuktiboha, anuktoboha, v. n., to be
roiled, agitated, or disturbed, as roily
water or water boiling up in a spring.

anuktobulli, v. a. i., to boil up; to rise
up, as water in a spring.

anuktobullichi, v. t., to cause to boil up.

anuktuklichi, anuktuklochi, v. t., to
hamper; to embarrass.

anuktuklo, n., a hesitation; an impedi
ment; suspense.

anuktuklo, v. n., to be at a loss; to be
in doubt; to doubt, Matt. 14: 31.

anuktuklo, v. a. i., to hesitate; to doubt;
to stammer.

anuktuklo, a., pp., embarrassed, ikanuk-
tuMo, a., pp., unembarrassed.

anuktuklo iksho, a., unhesitating.

amiktuklochechi, v. t., to embarrass.

anuktuklochi, v. t., to embarrass; to
trouble, Gal. 5: 10.

anuktuklochi, adv., doubting; chunkash
mat anuktuklochi, Mark 11:23.

anukwanya, v. n., to be in haste; to be
in a hurry; v. a. i., to hurry.

anukwanya, a., hasty; hurried; in haste.

anukwanyachi, v. t., to hasten; to hurry.

anukwia, v. n., to hesitate; to be timid,
fearful, or doubtful; to be afraid; to
dread; to be afraid to do or to venture
(not to be afraid of any creature, but
to be afraid of such things as trying to
cross a stream, and the like) ; innnkivia,
afraid of him, annukma, he is afraid of
me; sianukiria, I am afraid; IkcJtianuk-
wiokashke, fear not, Matt, 1 : 20.

anukwia, a., timid; fearful; doubtful;
afraid; reluctant.

anukwiachi, v. t., to render timid; to
frighten.

anukyiminta, v. a. i., to be angry.

anukyohbi, v. a. i.,to soften; to become
moist and soft, as by the dew.

anukyohbi, pp., softened; moistened;
soft; moist.

anukyohbichi, v. t,, to soften; to mois
ten.

anump ikbi, v. t., to make a speech.

anump ikbi, n., a speechmaker.

anump iksho, a., speechless.

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[BULL. 46

anump inkucha achukma, n., fluency.

anump ixneshi, n., his secretary; his
aid; one that receives instructions from
his superior; the combination im is a
prefixed pronoun.

anump imeshi, v. t., to hear a message;
to receive instructions.

anump isht ika, n., a haranguer.

anumpa, annumpa, pp., spoken; word
ed; uttered; pronounced; declared;
talked; delivered; enunciated; ex
pressed; mentioned; preached; pro
nounced; aianuhumpa, Matt. 3: 17; isht
imanuhumpashke, Matt. 11: 5; itim-
anumpa, conversed together; spoken;
isht anumpa, pp., debated; preached;
imanumpa, pp., warned.

anumpa, a., oral; verbal.

anumpa, adv., orally; verbally.

anumpa, annumpa, n., a talk; a speech;
a word; Josh. 1: 13; a communication;
a message; a promise; advice; counsel;
a language; a tongue; the voice; the
mode of speaking; a sermon; a dis
course; a sentence; an oration; a dec
lamation; tidings, Luke 1: 10; a charge;
chat; a declaration; a detail; a dialect;
doctrine; elocution; enunciation; an er
rand; intelligence; a law; a lecture; a
mandate; mention; nourishment or
instruction; an observation; parlance;
parley; a passage; a phrase; a procla
mation; a proverb; a report; a saying;
a sentence; a statement; style; a tale;
tattle; a term; terms; testimony; a text;
a theory; a topic; a tract; a treatise;
a treaty; utterance; a verse; a voice; a
vote; amanumpa, sayings of mine, Matt.
7: 24, 26; isht anumpa, word of, or
about, Matt. 13: 19.

anumpa achafa, n., a paragraph; a sen
tence.

anumpa achukmalit chukashichi, v. t. ,
to blandish; to flatter; lit. to talk with
and take the heart.

anumpa afolotowa, n., an equivoca
tion; lit. a roundabout talk.

anumpa afolotowachi, v. a. i.5 to equiv
ocate.

anumpa aialhpisa, n., headquarters;
the place where counsel is adopted.

anumpa annoa, n., tidings.

anumpa apakfokachi, v. a. i., to evade.

anumpa apakfopa, n., an evasion.

anumpa apesa, v. t., to dictate; to pass
sentence; to fulminate.

anumpa apesa, n., a dictator, a lawgiver;
a lawmaker.

anumpa asilhha, n., a prayer; a peti
tion ; a request.

anumpa asilhha holisso, n., a prayer
book.

anumpa atatoa, n., a verse.

anumpa anya, n., a message; a rumor.

anumpa alhpisa, n., a law; a sentence;
an ordinance; a statute; an agreement;
a covenant; a commandment; a rule;
a precept; a judgment; " a determined
or settled word;" a constitution; a de
cision; a decree; a dictate; a doom; an
edict; aflat; a government; an injunc
tion; an institution; an interdict; an
order; a resolution.

anumpa alhpisa, pp., legislated.

anumpa alhpisa holisso, n., a written
law; a law book.

anumpa alhpisa ikbi, n., a legislator.

anumpa alhpisa ikbi, v. t,, to legislate;
to enact a law or laws.

anumpa alhpisa iksho, a., lawless;
without law.

anumpa alhpisa isht atta, n., a scribe.

anumpa alhpisa keyu, a., lawless.

anumpa alhpisa onuchi, v. t., to fine.

anumpa alhpisa onuchi, n. , a suitor.

anumpa alhpisa onutula, pp., fined.

anumpa alhpisa toba, v. a. i., to be
come a law.

anumpa alhtoshowa, see anumpa toslioa.

anumpa bachaya, n., a column; a divi
sion of a page; lit. " a row of words."

anumpa bachoha, n. pi., columns.

anumpa chokushpikbi, n., a libeler.

anumpa chunkushnali, n., a sarcasm;
a retort.

anumpa chukushpa, n., hearsay; a re
port; evil speaking; a libel.

anumpa chukushpa ikbi, n., a tale
bearer.

anumpa chukushpa ikbi, v. t., to make
tales or stories.

anumpa chukushpali, v. t., to slander;
to backbite; to libel.

anumpa chukushpali, n., a slanderer;
a gossiper.

anumpa chukushpashali, v. t., to carry
news or slander; to gossip.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

49

anumpa chukushpashali, n., a tale
bearer; a slanderer; a gossiper; a peace
breaker; a sycophant.

anumpa falama, n. , an answer; a reply;
lit. the word returned.

anumpa falama, pp., answered.

anumpa falamoa, n. pi., answers; re
plies.

anumpa falamolichi, v. t. pi. , to answer;
to reply.

anumpa falammichi, v. t., to reply; to
answer; "to return a word;" anumpa
falamminchi, nasal form; anumpafalam-
mihinchi, freq.; anumpa infalamminchi,
v. t., to reply to him.

anumpa fLmmi, n., a propagator.

anumpa himona, n., tidings.

anumpa hinl a, a., speakable; utterable;
what can be expressed.

anumpa holabi, n., a fib.

anumpa holisso nowat anya, n., an
epistle.

anumpa ikaiako, n., a short speech.

anumpa ikbi, n., a propagator of stories,
etc.

anumpa ilatomba, a., reserved.

anumpa ilatomba, v. n., to be reserved.

anumpa ilonuchi, v. ref., to assume an
obligation; to promise; to oblige him
self.

anumpa inlaua, a., talkative; anumpa
ikinlauo, a., silent.

anumpa intuklo, n., a trimmer.

anumpa isht auehinchi, n. , a tradition.

anumpa isht anya, v. t., to carry a mes
sage.

anumpa isht anya, n., a messenger; a
runner.

anumpa isht alhpisa, n., a parable.

anumpa isht hika, v. t., to deliver a
speech; to harangue; anumpa isht ika,
see Child's Cat., p. 10, q. 42.

anumpa isht hika, n., a speech; an
oration; a formal speech; a set speech;
a harangue; an address; oratory.

anumpa isht hika, anumpa isht ika,
n., an orator; a speaker; a declaimer;
a haranguer.

anumpa isht okchaya, n., the word of
life.

anumpa itimapesa, v. t., to bargain;
to covenant together.

anumpa itimapesa, n., a bargain; a
mutual covenant.

84339° — Bull. 40—15 4

anumpa itimalhpisa, pp., bargained;
covenanted.

anumpa itinlaua, n., an altercation; a
controversy.

anumpa itinlaua, v. a. i., to have an
altercation; to have many words be
tween them.

anumpa itinlauachi, v. t., to altercate;
to dispute; to make many words be
tween them.

anumpa kaniohmi, n., news; a word of
some sort.

anumpa kaniohmi keyu, n., nonsense;
a word of no sort.

anumpa kallo, n., a strong talk; a law;
a rule; a command; a canon; an ordi
nance; testimony; an oath, Matt. 14:
7, 9; a league, Josh. 9: 6.

anumpa kallo ikbi, n., a lawmaker; a
legislator.

anumpa kallo ilonuchi, v. ref., to bind
himself; to lay himself under obliga
tions; to swear.

anumpa kallo ilonuchi cha ia, v. t.
ref., to abjure; to vow; to vouch.

anumpa kallo ilonuchit anoll, v. t. , to
depose; to bear testimony.

anumpa kallo isht anumpuli, v. t. , to
swear.

anumpa kallo miha, v. t. , to damn.

anumpa kallo onitula, see anumpa kallo
onutula.

anumpa kallo onuchi, v. t., to sue; to
prosecute; to condemn; to sentence; to
command; to order; to curse; to damn;
to doom; to execrate; to indict.

anumpa kallo onuchi, n., a prosecutor.

anumpa kallo onuchit anoli, anumpa
kallo onuchit miha, v. t., v. a. i., to
testify.

anumpa kallo onutula, anumpa kallo
onitula, anumpa kallo onatula, pp. ,
sued; prosecuted; condemned; sen
tenced; commanded; ordered; cursed.

anumpa kallo onutula, n., a prosecu
tion; a sentence; a curse; avow.

anumpa keyu, n., nonsense.

anumpa kobafa, n., a transgression; a
broken law: a breach of the law; perfidy.

anumpa kobaffi, v. t., to transgress; to
break a law; to revolt.

anumpa kobaffi, n., a transgressor; a
criminal; a culprit; a lawbreaker; an
offender: a rebel.

50

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

anumpa kobam, n., a transgression; a
crime.

anumpa kochanli, anumpa kuchankV
a verbal message; traditions, Matt. 15:
caption, 2, 3, 6.

anumpa kochanli, v. a. i. , to come along,
or to be out, as a verbal message.

anumpa kololi, n., pi. abort words;
'sbort speeches.

anumpa kolunfa, n., a short word; a
short speech.

anumpa kolunfasi, n. dimin. ; a very
short talk; a xhortisli talk.

anumpa kuchanli, see aimmpa kochanli.

anumpa laua, a., verbose; wordy.

anumpa lumiksho, n., frankness.

anumpa makali, n., scurrility.

anumpa nan anoli, n., a story.

anumpa nan alhpisa isht atta, n., a
lawyer; an attorney.

anumpa nan isht alhpisa, n., an alle
gory; a parable.

anumpa nukoa, n., rant.

anumpa nushkobo, n., a summary; the
heads of discourse; a head; topic of
discourse; subject-matter of a speech; a
text.

anumpa okpulo, 11., bad language; vile
talk; calumny; an invective; scandal.

anumpa okpulo onuchi, v. t., to cal
umniate; to slander.

anumpa okpulo onuchi, n., calumny;
slander.

anumpa okpulo onuchi, n., a calumni
ator.

anumpa okpulo onutula,, pp., calum
niated.

anumpa onucha hinla, a., accusable;
impeach able.

anumpa onuchi, anumponuchi, v. t.,
to accuse; to blame; to impeach; to
indict; to charge; to condemn, Matt.
12: 7; to prosecute; to sentence.

anumpa onuchi, n., an accuser; an in
former; a prosecutor.

anumpa onuchi, n., an impeachment.

anumpa onutula, anumponatula, pp.,
impeached; accused; blamed; con
demned; sentenced to punishment;
indicted; dntnnpd ikonltulo, a., uncon-
demned.

anumpa onutula, anumpa oiiatula, n.,
an inpeachment; an accusation; blame.

anumpa onutulahe keyu, a., excusa
ble; irreproachable.

anumpa shali, v. t., to carry a message.

anumpa shali, n., a messenger; a run
ner; an ambassador, Josh. 9: 4.

anumpa shanaio a, n., a prevarication;
imanumpa shanaioa, n., a prevaricator;
imanumpa shanaioa, v. t., to prevari
cate.

anumpa tikba, n., a summary.

anumpa tikbanli anoli, n., a prophecy.

anumpa tilofa, n. sing., a short address
a short speech ; the name often given
by an orator in his introduction to the
speech he is about to make.

anumpa tilofasi, a dim. n., a brief ad
dress; the si has nearly the force of sh in
some English words, as short, shortish.

anumpa tiloli, n. pi., short speeches;
short addresses.

anumpa toshoa, anumpa alhtoshowa,
n., a translation; an interpretation; a
speech translated; an explanation.

anumpa toshoa, pp., translated; inter
preted; explained.

anumpa tosholi, v. t., to interpret; to
translate; to const-rue.

anumpa tosholi, n., a translator; an in
terpreter; an expositor; a linguist.

anumpa tosholi ashachi, v. t. , to mis
interpret; to mistranslate.

anumpeshi, n., a presiding officer in a
council; a secretary; a messenger, Matt.
11: 10; an aid-de-camp; a consul, a
disciple, John 3: 22; a servant, Luke
2: 29; an apostle, Luke 6: 13; a legate;
an officer; a representative; a resident.

anumpeshi atokulli, y. t., to officer.

anumpisachi, v. t., to take aim; to
level; or anompisaclii (q. v. ).

anumponatula, see anumpa onutula.

anumponuchi,. see annntpa onuchi.

anumpulechi, v. t., to trouble; to pester
to plague; to annoy; to worry; to dis
turb; to molest; to embarrass; to hector;
to incommode; sianumpulechi fehna,
he troubles me very much.

anumpulechi, n., a troubler; a hectorer;
•ixlit itimanumpuli, to hold a council
against, Matt. 12: 14.

anumpuli, v. a. i., v. t., to talk; to speak,
Joshua 1:1; to utter; to say, Matt. 17:
4; to say a word; to pray, Matt. 6: 9;

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

51

to preach, Luke 3: 3; to chat; to de
claim; to deliver; to discourse; to enun
ciate; to exhort; to express; to gab; to
gabble; to harangue; to lecture; to
mention; to observe; to phrase; to
pronounce; to reason; to tattle; to word;
imanumpuli, v. t., to talk to him; to
counsel; to deal with; to exhort; to
expostulate; to rebuke; to reprehend;
to read, as holisso imanumpuli; im
anumpuli, n., a reader; isht anumpuli,
to talk about; to advocate; to comment;
to descant; to preach; to plead; to
praise; ikanumpolo, n. f., v. a. i., a.,
dumb; unsocial; isht anumpuli, to talk
about, Matt. 7: 22; yammakosh ahachi
anumpulahi oka, which shall speak
in you, Matt. 10: 20; aiitimanumpuli,
Matt. 12: 4; to read, Josh. 8: 35; an-
umponli, nasal form, v. a. i., and a.;
abanumpa isht anumpohonli, preaching,
Matt. 12: 41; itimanumpuli, to speak
with him; chit imanumpuli, to speak
with thee; anumpohonli, freq. ; isht im-
anumpohonli, to speak to them by, Matt.
12: 46, 47; anumpoyuli, pro. form; itim
anumpuli, v. t., to converse together; to
talk together; to commune; to contest;
to discuss; to negotiate; to parley; to rea
son, Matt. 16: 7, 8; isht itimanumpuli, v.
t., to reason; itimanumpuli, n., a collo
quy; a dialogue; a conference; a parley;
isht ishimanumpuli, Matt. 13: 10; itinnu-
polih used for itimanumpulih; imanum
puli, v. t., to reprimand; to school; ila-
numpuli, to talk to one's self; isht ilanum-
puli, to talk about himself; isht anum-
puli, v. t., to handle; to talk about; to
intercede; to treat; to vindicate.

anumpuli, n., preaching; pronunciation;
"voice," Gen. 4: 10.

anumpuli, n., a speaker; a counselor; a
declaimer; a deliverer; a lecturer; a
herald; a speechmaker; a talker; ikan-
umpolo, n., a mute; a dumb person,
Matt. 12: 22; ikanumpolo, a., mute;
silent.

anumpuli anuktuklo, v. a. i., to stam
mer; to stutter.

anumpuli ilahobi, v. a. i., to babble.

anumpuli ilahobi, n., a babbler.

anumpuli imponna, a., eloquent; fluent.

anumpuli imponna, v. n., to be elo
quent.

anumpuli imponna, n., a linguist.

anumpuli it alhpesa, v. t., to respond.

anumpuli keyu, a., mute; speechless;
mum.

anumpuli shali, n., a talker; a great
talker; a chatterbox; a prater.

anumpuli shali, v. a. i., to talk much;
to prate.

anumpuli shali, a., flippant; loquacious;
talkative; voluble.

anumpulit ansha, v. a. i., to sit and talk;
to be in session; to be engaged in any
kind of speaking.

anumpulit ansha, n., a session; a sitting;
the actual presence of any body of men
who have met for speaking, consulting,
etc.

anumpulit chunkash ishi, v. t., to per
suade.

anusi, n., a bed; a bedroom; any place
for sleeping; the place where any one
or any creature sleeps; a couch; a dor
mitory; a harbor; an inn; a lodging.

anusi, v. n., v. a. i., to sleep at, in, or on;
to sleep there; asanusi, anuseli, where
I sleep.

anusi ona, n., bedtime; time for sleep.

anusi ona, v. a. i., to arrive (as bed time);
the time to go to bed has come.

anushkunna, n., a lover.

anushkunna, ii., fancy; liking; passion.

anushkunna, v. a. i., v. t,, to fancy; to
like; to desire; to be fond of; to love, 1
Kings, 11: 1; to have a passion for an
other, a female, 2 Sam. 13: 1, 2 15; ai-
anushkunna, Matt. 13: 22; to covet, Josh.
7: 21.

apa, v. a. i., from apa, to eat and in re
gard to eating a single article of food;
impa, to eat, implies the eating of a
number of things, or a common meal;
ishiinpa hinla? wTill you eat? ahe ishpa-
hinla, will you eat a potato? See apa.

apahyah, pp., shouted at; called to.

apahyachi, v. t., to shout at; to halloo.

apahyachi, n., a shouter; one that hal-
loos.

apakama, n., guile, John 1: 47.

apakama, apakama, pp., deceived in
any way; imposed upon.

apakammi, v. t,, to deceive.

apakammi, n., a deceiver.

apakamoa, pp. pi., deceived.

apakamoli, v. t. pi., to deceive.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

apakamoli, n., deceivers.

apakchilofa, pp., tripped up.

apakchiloffi, v. t., to trip up.

apakchulli, v. a. i., v. t., to climb up;
to cling; to wind round and ascend, as
a man climbs a tree or a vine runs up a
pole.

apakchulli, n., a climber.

apakfoa, pp. pi., banded; bound round;
tied round; from apakfoli.

apakfoa, v. a. i., to go round; to reach
round; to wind round.

apakfoa, v. n., to be round; to be wound
round.

apakfobli, v. a. i. sing., to go round; to
encircle; to surround; to wrap round;
to environ; to inclose; as, it goes round,
etc., Luke 13: 8; Mark 12: 1.

apakfoblichi, v. t., cans., to wind round;
to cause to go round; to wrap round.

apakfokachi, pp. pi., surrounded; en
circled.

apakfokachi, v. n., to be around.

apakfokachi, v. a. i., to go round; to en
circle; to avoid by going round; apak-
fokahanchi, freq., Rev. 20: 9.

apakfoli, v. t. pi., to surround; to wind
round; to wrap round; ilapakfoli, v. ref.,
to bewrap; to wrap himself, Gen. 37: 34.

apakfopa, apakfoyupa (pro. f. ), n., the
circumference; the compass; a zone;
apakfoyupa, prep., round.

apakfopa, apakfompa (nas. f. ), pp.,
from apakfobli, wound round; wrapped
round; circled; encircled; environed;
inclosed; shunned; surrounded.

apakfopa, a., spiral.

apakfopa, v. a. i., to go round; to wind
round; to circuit; to come round; to
deviate; to encircle; to fly; to shun; to
compass, Josh. 6: 3, 4; apakfompa, nasal
form; apakfohompa, pro. form.

apakfopa, v. n., to be wound round;
v. t., to compass; to double, as a cape;
apakfoyupa, pro. form.

apakf opahe keyu, a. , inevitable.

apakfoyupa, wee apakfopa.

apakna, n., a plenty; an abundance; a
fullness.

apakna, adv., freely.

apakna, a., plenteous; abundant; copi
ous; exuberant.

apakna, v. n., to be plenteous; to abound;
itimpakna, to compete together; kilitim-

pakna, let us compete, or try and see

which will excel; see pakna.
apaknanka, n., the top, Luke 23: 38.
apaknali, n., the surface; the face.
apaknali, a., superficial; being on the

surface.
apaknali, v. n., to be superficial; to be

on the surface.
apaknacni, v. t., to cause an abundance;

to make a plenty, 1 Kings 10: 27.
apakshanofa, v. a. i., to cling.
apakshana, v. a. i., to cling to; to

grip; itapaksliana, to strive together,

Deut. 25: 11.
apakshana, pp., twisted round; itapak-

shana, pp., intwined; twisted together.
apakshanni, v. t., to twist round; ita-

pakshanni, itapakshannichi, v. t., to in-

twine; to twist together.
apalaska, n., an oven; any place where

anything is baked; a baking place.
apali, v. a. i., to lurk; to creep slyly in

quest of prey or game, like a cat.
apanlichi, v. t., to encourage by shouts;

to halloo.
apanta, a., nasal form, from apata, situ

ated at the side; being on the side;

sing, of pqlli; focliukapanta, chuka

apantali, nasal form, from apatali.

apanukfila, n., a whirlwind.

apanukfila, v. a. i., to blow and rise, as
a whirlwind; to be a whirlwind, or to
whirlwind, making a verb of the noun.

apashia, n., a piazza; a porch; a por
tico; chukapashia, house porch.

apata, v. a. i., to lie at the side; apanta,
nasal form; apataiya, pro. form, to lie
along at the side.

apata, pp., laid at the side.

apatafa, n., a plowed place.

apatalechi, v. t., to spread a blanket so
that one-half is under and the other
over a person; see apolom/clii.

apatalhpo, n., a spread; a mattress; a
seat; a cushion, John 19: 13. Perhaps
this word is used for "seat" because in
early times the Choctaw spread out
some kind of skin as a seat for visitors
and others.

apatali, v. a. i.,to grow at the side like
corn suckers; itapatali, recip.

apatali, n., suckers; young sprouts at
the side.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

53

apaha, n., attendants; companions; fel
lows; itqpiha, fellows.

apala, n., a frying pan or anything in
which to carry a torch or a light;
usually applied to a frying pan, because
it was used to carry a light by those
who hunted game in the night. The
light was made of fat pine knots or
wood cut and split fine.

apalli, apulli, pi. of apotali, v. a. i., to
stand side and side; to lie side by side;
chuka apqllit anya keyu, not to eaves
drop.

apalichi, v. t., to hew wood.

apalichi, n., a hewer.

apeha, apilia, v. a. i. pi., many to join
one; to go in company with; to be with
others, 2 Sam. 18: 1; or being with,
Matt. 12:3; Josh. 7: 24; apehat aiasha,
about him, i. e., multitudes, Matt. 8: 18;
apehat anya, to go along with one; to
accompany him, Matt. 12: 3, 4; Josh.
8:5; itapiJia, to join together; to accom
pany; to go together, John 3: 22; aiita-
piha, to join together there, or at, Matt.
8: 11; here are plurals in both com
panies that united apehkqchi, itqpekqchi,
aitqpekqchi, aiapinhqt hieli, Matt. 12: 41,
to stand together with; itapWiqt hioh-
manya, Matt. 13: 30; aiitapinliqt qttqt ia,
Matt. 14: 13; apinha, to be with, Matt.
4: 21.

apehali; aiapelialincld, pi., led with him,
Luke 23: 32.

apehachi, v. t. caus., to cause to be or go
together; to take part with.

apehpoa, see apepoa.

apela, n., a helper; an assistant; anally;
an auxiliary; an aid; a coadjutor; a
help; a second; a subsidiary.

apela, a., subservient; ikapelo, a., un
aided; unassisted; unhelped; unsup
ported.

apela, v. t., to help, Josh. 1: 14; to assist;
to abet; to succor; to back; to second
or strengthen by aid; to support; to
favor; to further; to interpose; to
second; to side; to stickle; to subserve;
siapela, to help me; chiapelali, I help
thee; itapel<i,to help each other; itapela,
n., a help; a helper; a partner; an ally;
an auxiliary; mutual helps, etc. ; apinla,
nasal form, helping; api'hhthi, freq.
form, keep helping; apida, pro. form,

to help at last; apela ikimiksho, a., help
less; without help.

apelachi, apelachi, v. t., to help an
other; to cause to help; to favor; to
further; to patronize; to promote; to re
lieve; to succor, slapelqchi, help me,
Matt. 15: 25; apelanchi, nasal form;
apelahanchi, freq. form; apelaiyachi,
pro. form.

apelachi, n., a help; a remedy; succor.

apelachi, apelachi, n., a promoter; a
succorer; a helper; an abettor; an ally;
an assistant; an auxiliary; a coadjutor;
a favorer; a paraclete; a patron; ita-
pelachi, n., a copartner; mutual help
ers.

apeli, n., a hurricane; a tempest; the
place where a hurricane passed along
and blew down the timber; a whirl
wind.

apeli, v.a. i., to storm; to blow, as a hurri
cane.

apelua, pp., turned up.

apelulichi, v. a. i., to turn up sleeves or
legs of pantaloons or leggings.

apeli, v. t., to bring, sweep, or scrape
together; to rake up, as bears and hogs
rake or bring together grass and leaves
for a nest.

apeli, n., a raker; a nest maker.

apelichi, v. t., to push up the wood on
a fire; to put the sticks or brands to
gether; to hoe earth up around plants.

apelichi, v. t. pi., to rule at; to preside
in; to govern there; apelinchi, nasal
form; apdihinchi, freq.; apeliechi, pro.
form.

apelichi, apeliechi, n., the course, class
or term (of Abia), Luke 1: 5.

apelichi, n., the place ruled; a kingdom,
Mark 11: 10; a tribe, 1 Kings 11: 31,
32; 2 Sam. 24: 2.

apelichi fullota, n., a territory; the
extent of the place that is ruled.

apelichika, apeliechika, n., the place
ruled, whether kingdom, province,
town, district, plantation, bishopric,
diocese, or a single house; or the place
ruled by domestic animals; domain;
dominion; a dukedom; an empire; a
government; a kingdom; a monarchy;
a province; a sphere; a tribe, 1 Kings
11: 13; yakiii apelichika monm, Matt.
4: 8; 3: 2; 5: 3; 6: 13, 33; 12: 25, 26;

54

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

13: 19, 41, 43; 18: 1; apelichika, in Matt.
6: 10, used as a verb, having ish, thou,
prefixed; or this isJi is used as a poss.
pronoun, similar to ish in ishitibapishi,
thy brother, so here it is thy kingdom,
1 Kings 10:20.

apelichika fullota, n., a precinct.

apeliechi achafa, n., a body; a num
ber of men united by a common tie or
form of government.

apeliechi, see apelichi.

apepoa, apehpoa, apepowa, v. t. pi.,
to help; to assist by counsel, not in
labor; to advocate for; to plead for; to
argue for; to stand up for; to fight for;
ilapipowa to help himself.

apepoa, apepowa, n., helpers; advo
cates; allies; justifiers; apipoat illi, n.,
a martyr; apipoat illi, n., martyrdom.

apesa, apisa, v. t., to order; to appoint,
Josh. 1: 7; to fix; to measure, Matt.
7:2; to judge; to ad judge; to reconcile;
to regulate; to resolve; to rule; to scale;
toscheme; to set; to settle; to span; to
square; to survey; to test; to time; to
tolerate; to transact; to will; to destine;
to devise; to direct; to dispose of; to
doom; to enact; to engage; to establish;
to estimate; to gauge; to instruct; to lay
a plan; to legalize; to machinate; to
manage; to marshal; to mediate; to
mete; to methodize; to order; to ma
neuver; to plan; to prescribe; to pro
ject; to purpose; to adjudicate; to sanc
tion; to command, Matt. 8: 4; 14: 9;
to conclude; to decide; to decree; im-
ape.vt, to appoint for him; to allow
him; to send him; to license; to re
strict; to make for them, i.e., a feast,
Luke 5: 29; to give them power, Matt.
10: 1; nan isht apesa, Matt. 13: 3; ikim-
apexo, v. t., to disallow him; ikapeso,
a., undetermined; isht apesa, to meas
ure with; to maneuver; to model;
ishtapesatima, v. t., to devote; apihinsa,
Matt. 15: 4; itimapesa, to league; to
agree together; to concert together; to
contract; to covenant; itimapesa, n.,
an agreement; a concert; a contract; a
league; il'dlbapewt, we agree together;
Hapisa, to measure for himself, Luke
12: 21; to make himself, John 5: 18;
itapexa, to contract; to liken; ifapesa-
lashke, I will liken, Matt. 7: 24; also

Matt. 11: 16; pitimapesa, Josh. 9: 6;
alhpisa, alhpesa, pp.

apesa, n., a judge; one that measures,
appoints, etc.; a director; an enactor;
an estimator; a manager; a measurer.

apesa, n., a measurement; mensuration.

apesachi, v. t., to oversee; to direct; to
manage; to rule; to tend; chiapesahan-
chi, etc., Matt. 4: 6; apesaiyacJti, pro.
form.

apesachi, n., an overseer; a director; a
manager; a curator; a tender; a keeper;
apesachi aleha hatuk at yilepqt, and they
that kept them fled, Matt. 8: 33; apesa
chi, a shepherd, Matt. 9: 36; a keeper,
Gen. 4: 9.

apiha, n. (see apell, act.; apiha is
pass.), a place brushed, raked, etc.; as
onush apiha, where the oats have been
raked away; itapiha, together with,
John 21: 2; itapeJiachi, collected to
gether; aiitapiha, with; together with;
apinha, nasal form of apeha, pi., being
with, John 11: 31; 21: 3; api^hat a^ya
kashon, them that followed, Matt. 8: 10.

apinni v. t., to twist a stick into hair, as
the mane.

apinnichi v. t., to break down the top
limbs of bushes; like akaunichi.

apisa, n. , a glass; a looking glass; a lesson
in reading assigned to a pupil; a win
dow; alight; a mirror; scenery; a spec
ulum.

apinsa, n., a prospect; a study.

apisa achafa, n., a pane of glass; a pane.

apisa isht aliikania, n., a window; a
window shutter.

apisa isht alhpolosa, n., putty.

apisa isht hoponkoyo, n., a telescope; a
spy glass.

apisaka, n., a vision; that which is the
object of sight; a view; a sight; a pros
pect.

apisahukmi, n., a burning glass.

apisaka ali, 11., the horizon.

apisali, n., ken; view; reach of sight.

apissa, pp., straightened; made straight;
dressed; unbent.

apissa, a., straight.

apissa, v. n., to be straight.

apissalechi, see apissaleclii.

apissali, a., due; direct; straight; v. t., to
choose, Luke 10: 42; ikapissafo, a., in
direct; vague.

RYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUACK

55

apissanli, a., nasal form of (ipissalli, or
a form like hittanli, kocJianli, etc. (q.
v.) (Josh. 5: 5); express; direct;
straight; being straight; true; erect;
firm; unequivocal; genuine, as hatok
api humma apissanli, a genuine redman,
not a man of mixed blood; explicit, as
in anumpa apissanli achukma; fair; genu
ine; honest; invariable; regular; right ;
upright.

apissanli, adv., regularly.

apissanli, n., fairness; frankness; integ
rity; probity; simplicity.

apissanli, v. n., to be straight; to be
direct, genuine, etc.

apissanlit, apissant, adv., plainly; di
rectly; in a direct course; the nearest
way; downright; right; uprightly; as
apissant isMa, did you come directly
here?; apissant hikia, a., precipitous;
perpendicular.

apissallechi, apissalechi, v. t. caus., to
make straight; to direct; to dress; to
straighten, Matt. 3: 3; il 'apissalechi, John
11 : 41 [?] ; uski naki apissalechi.

apissalli, v. t., to straighten; to unbend.

apissat hikia, a., erect.

apistikeli, n., a watch; a spy; custody;
an ever; a guard; a guardian; aguarder;
a manager; an overseer; a supervisor;
asurveyor; atroubler; a vigil; a warder;
a warden.

apistikeli, n., vigilance; watch; ward; a
watcher.

apistikeli, a., troublesome; watchful.

apistikeli, v. a. i., v. t., to watch; to
eye; to observe; to look out for with
an evil intention; to embarrass; to
guard; to look; to oversee; to ward; to
be vigilant; to infest; to manage; to mo
lest; to pester; to plague; to superintend;
to supervise; to tend; to transact; to
trouble.

apistikeli ahikia, n., a watchhouse.

apistikelichi, v. t., to cause to watch;
to get one to watch.

apistiket, cont. from apistikelit, to
watch, etc.

apitta, v. t. pi., to put in; wak apitta,
to put in cattle; tanchi apitta, to put in
corn; okapankki apitta, to put in a liquid,
Matt. 9: 17; 13: 48; qlhpita, pp.

apoa, apoba, v, t., to raise, as cattle or
any domestic animals, or fruit trees;

to have for the purpose of raising, or
to let it grow; to domesticate; to tame,
qlhpobd, pp., 'inidjioti, to ally; to be
troth; to espouse; itimnpon, to espouse
each other; itimalhpolxi, pp., of above;
apoahanchi, "to spare," 1 Sam. 15: 3;
chikapoancho, (Jen. 18:24.

apoa, n., preemption; a refusal.

apoachi, or apobachi (q. v. ) v. t., to
raise; qlhpoba, pp.

apoachi, n., one that betroths or be
speaks.

apoba, see apoa.

apoba, n., a saver; a preserver.

apobachi, v. t., to betroth; to bespeak;
to speak for; to bargain for; to pet;
to preengage; qlhpoba, pp.

apohko, pp., protected; covered; ikapoh-
ko, a., exposed.

apohko, n., protection.

apohkochi, v. t., to protect; to cover;
ilapohkochi, v. ref., she protects herself,
or covers herself.

apohkolechi, v. t., to hold the hand and
hide or hold something; to hold the flat
hand over the ear to prevent hearing;
itapokolechi, v. t,, to put two flat things
together.

apohota, n., the fringe; the flounce.

apohtuka, a,, shut in so that the air does
not circulate, as a house by a thicket.

apohtukachi, v. t., to shut in; to make
close.

apohtukin, v. a. i., to be close or tight, as
a room.

apokni, appokni, n., my grandmother.
The same appellation belongs to all the
sisters of the grandmother and to their
mother also. When there is an occa
sion to express the real difference it can
be easily done.

apokofa, v. a. i., to thrust against; to
run against, Num. 22: 25.

apoksia, v. t., to prepare, John 14: 2, 3;
15: 2; to mend, Matt. 4: 21.

apoksia, n., a repair.

apoksia, pp., repaired; mended; recon
ciled; redressed; regulated; remedied.

apoksia, a., good; wise.

apoksiachi, v. t., to repair; to adjust; to
dispose; to prepare, Luke 3: 4; Matt.
3: 3; 11: 10; to reconcile; to redress; to
regulate; to shape; tlapoksiaclii, to re
form himself.

56

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

apoksiachi, n., a reformer; a repairer,
apoksiali, v. t., to arrange.
apokshiama, n., a flap; a clout, called a

square; a diaper. The apokshiama is

a garment worn by Choctaw men.
apokshiama, pp., clouted.
apokshiami, apokshiami, apokshi-

ammi, v. t., to put the clout upon one's

self; to clout one's self.
apokshiamichi, v. t., to put the clout

upon another.

apokshiammi, see apokshiami.
apokshiammi, pp., clouted; having a

flap put on.
apokta, n., a double.
apokta, pp., doubled; grown together,

as two potatoes fastened together side

by side.
apokta, a., double; as ahe apokta, noil

apokta.

apokta, v. n., to be doubled.
Apokta chito, n., the name of a par
ticular creek.

apoktachi, v. t., to double; to cause any
thing to be doubled.
apolichi, hopochi (q.v.) v. t. ,to hill corn;

to work in the corn for the last time,

Luke 13: 8.

apolukta; itapolukta, v. a. i., to coalesce,
apoluma, n., a conjurer at ball plays,

called a ball play witch,
apolumi, v. t., to conjure; to act the ball

play witch,
apolusa, n., a daubing; apolusa achqfa,

one coat of daubing.
apolusa, alhpolosa, pp., a., daubed;

plastered; pitched,
apolusa, v. n., to be daubed.
apolusli, v. t., to daub; to plaster; to

pitch; to smear.

apolusli, n., a dauber; a plasterer.
apolusli, n., a casing; the act or opera
tion of plastering a house with mortar

on the outside.
apoloma, n., a hem; a bend; a spring

made by a bend.
apoloma, pp., hemmed; bent over

double.

apolomachi, n., a hem of a garment.
apolomachi, pp., hemmed.
apolomachi, v. t., to hem; to bend over

double.

apolomi, apolommi, v. t., to hem;
to bend over; to go across a bend in a
river or road; to lap.

apolomi, n., a hemmer.

apolomichi, v. t., to fold a blanket and
sleep in it, one part under and the
other part over a person.

apolomoa, pp. pi., hemmed.

apolomoa, n., hems; bends.

apolomolili, v. t., to hem; to bend
over; to go across bends in a river or
in a road.

aponaklo, v. a. i., v. t, to inquire; to
query.

aponaklo, n., an inquirer.

aponaklo, n., an inquiry.

aponaklo shali, a., inquisitive.

aposhokachi, n., the border; the hem;
imanchi aposhokachi yan pit poioli, the
hem of his garment; Matt. 9 20; Luke:
8: 44; imancld aposhokacJd ak ilia kia,
only the hem of his garment, Matt. 14:
36.

apota, v. a. i., to lie at the side; itapota,
to lie together; ikita.poto, Matt. 1: 25;
chiapota, 1 Kings 1:2.

apota, n., the side; Eli at liina apota ka,
1 Sam. 4: 13.

apota, v. n., to be at the side; apunta,
nasal form; itajtota, v. a. i., to make
snug; to lie side wise.

apotaka, n., the side; a by-place; apo
taka ia, to go one side to void, or to a
by-place; an expression used to describe
the going away to ease nature, etc.

apotaka itola, apotaka atta, v. n., to
lie in a retired place; this expression is
applied to describe the retirement of
females. See Lev. 15: 19-28; apotakachi.
The Choctaw women have a small camp
near the house to which they retire at
such seasons, and where they remain
alone till they have their usual health.

apotali, v. a. i., to lie at the side.

apotoa, pi., apotoat hielitok, to stand be
side; to be at the side, 1 Kings 10: 19.

apotoli, apotuli, sing. v. t., to place by
the side of, 1 Sam. 5: 2; apottdit liolipi,
Acts 5: 10; itapotuli, v. t., to accouple;
to adjoin; to couple.

apoyua, v. t., to gather up; to pick up
and carrv awav.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

57

apunfa, n., a forge, or the place where

the mouth of the bellows acts upon the

fire; the mouth of a bellows.
apunf achi, v. t. , to blow with a bellows,

mouth, pipe, etc.; to expire; to puff;

isJit apunfachi, n., a blow pipe, or v. t.,

to blow with,
apulli, v. t. pi., in himakan apullit itikbo;

see alulli.

apulli, n., corn suckers.
apulli, apalli, pi. of apotali (q. v.).
apullichi, v. t., to hill up (corn); to heap

up around anything,
apunta, nasal form (from apota), v. n.,

being at the side to make an exchange

equal.

apunta, prep., by; near, as at the side,
apunta, a., contiguous; hohchifo apunta,

surname, Matt. 10: 3.
apuskiachi, v. t., to divine; to act as

a priest. See Gen. 41 : 45.
apushi (from api and ushi), n., a sprout,

asitapushi, a sprout of a tree, (q. v.);

a staddle; kali apushi, Mark 12: 1.
apushi hika, n., a stake,
apushli, v. t., to roast, 1 Sam. 2: 15; to

broil; to bake in the hot ashes, as po
tatoes (ahe apushli); alhpusha, pp.
apushli, n., a roaster; one that roasts,
aputa, a., from puta, all. See 1 John

3: 18.
aputkachi, v. n. pi., to lie or stand side

by side.
aputkachi, a,, pp., laid at the side; lying

at the side.
asahnoyechi, a., old, aged; or sahnoyechi

(q. v.).

asanali, see asonali.
asanali, n., the forefront of a rock; see

1 Sam. 14: 5; a jamb; the sidepiece of a

fireplace.
asanalichi, v. a. i.,asanm, pi., to cause it

to face; ahe an hashi an asanaliclii, to lay

the potatoes in the sun; itasanali, to face

each other.

asananta, asananta, n., a large bee, re
sembling the bumble bee, that bores
into wood, etc.

asanata, a., lazy.

asalbash, achaba, asalhchap, n., afoot-
bridge, made of a log or tree; asilhcJtap,
asaJicJigp, Ch. Sp. Bk., page 50; salbach,
Ch. Sp. P>k., page 18.

asalhchap, see above.

asanni, pi. of asonali, to face; to front;
to stem.

asano, n., an adult; a grown person.

asano, v. a. i., to grow up, a word of
general signification ; alia at asano, Luke
1: 80; 2: 40; itapushi at asano, nusapi
at cJiahat isht ia; asatyano, pro. form;
asano, n., an adult; asano ikono, n., a
minor; asano, pp., a., grown; grown up;
mature; adult; asatyano, pro. form;
asano, asanno, n., maturity; puberty;
rankness; asanochi, asanochika,

asanochi, n., an elder in a church.

asanochika, n., the elders of an assem
bly.

asanonchi, asanonchi, n., the elders;
the aged; the fathers (by way of re
spect); an elder; a presbyter; asanon
chi, Josh. 8: 10, 33; 9: 11; asanochi,
Titus 2: 2, 3; asanhochi.

asechip, asechap, n., a footbridge; a log
or tree lying across a creek or water
course and used as a footbridge. See
asalbash.

asehta, pp., tied up; bound up; tied to
a tree, as a horse; asinta, tied, Mark
11:2.

asehta, n., a bundle; a sheaf.

aseta, v. t., to accept a wager; to bet
against; itaseta, to bet against each
other.

aseta, n., a rawhide rope or string; a
rope; a cord; a strap; a string; a thong;
aseta isJtt takchi, to tie with a cord; to
cord.

aseta chanaha, n., a coil of rope.

aseta falaia, n., a long rope; a long raw
hide rope; a rope; a tedder.

aseta falaia isht takchi, v. t., to ted
der.

aseta isht f amrni, v. t. , to strap.

aseta isht ochi, n., a wrell rope.

aseta pana, n., a twisted rawhide; a hide
rope made by plaiting two strands,
John 2: 15.

aseta tanaffo, n., a plaited hide rope; a
braided hide rope made of three or
more strands.

asetikbi, n. , a cord maker; a rope maker.

asetilechi, v. t., to make tie; asetilecldnka,
n., junction of streams.

asetili, asetilli, v. a. i., asetoli, pi., to
empty; to disembogue; to flow out at
the mouth; to discharge into another
stream.

58

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

asetili, n., asetoli, pi., the mouth of a
stream.

asetilli, n., end of or uttermost part of
(the Jordan), Josh. 15: 5.

asetoli, v. a. i. pi., to empty.

asilballi, v. a. i., to go to excess in eating
or drinking; to gormandize.

asilballi, n., a gormandizer.

asilballichi, v. t. caus., to lead another
into excesses.

asilhchap, n., a footlog over a creek.

asilhha, n., an invitation; an invocation;
a petition; a request; a suit.

asilhha, v. t., to beg; to beseech, Matt.
14: 36; to entreat; to supplicate; to ask,
Matt. 5: 42; 14:7; to implore; to impor
tune; to request; to petition; to crave;
to demand; to espouse, invite, invocate,
invoke; to supplicate; to wish; to woo;
hashasilhhakma, if or when ye ask,
Matt. 7: 7. echimasilhha, we beg of
thee; anumpa iibasha asilhha, to pre
sent in supplication, as humble words,
i. e., to pray; achunanchit asilhha, to
importune; imasilhha, v. t., to beseech
him, Matt. 8: 6; to pray, Matt. 6: 6;
9: 38.

asilhha, v. a. i., to beg; to entreat; to
solicit.

asilhha, n., a beggar; a petitioner; a sup
pliant; a demander; an entreater; an
implorer; a petitioner; a solicitor; a
suitor.

asilhha, pp., entreated.

asilhha, a., suppliant; ikasilhho, unasked;
unsolicited.

asilhha keyu, a., prayerless.

asilhhachi, v. t., to beg; to ask, Luke 3:
10; to implore; to petition; to entreat;
to request; asilhhanchi, nasal form;
asilhhahanchi, freq.

asilhhachi, v. a. i., to beg; to entreat.

asilhhachi, n. , a beggar; an entreater; an
implorer.

asilhhi, v. t. ; John 5: 39; from silhhi;
the a prefix Is a locative.

asinta, v. t., to seize; to hold, as a dog
holds his prey.

asishchab, n., a footbridge; a log lying
across a stream which is used by foot
passengers.

asitabi, v. t., to earn; to merit, or deserve
by labor; to gain by labor, and not as a

gift; to gain; Josh. 24: 13; ikasitabo,
a., unearned; unmerited.

asitabi, n., the one who earns.

asitia, v. a. i., to cleave to, 1 Kings 11:
2, 4; to love; to feel an attachment; to
hang to; to join; itasitia, to cleave to
each other; to cohere.

asitilli, v. t., to tie to; to tie up, as to tie
a horse, cow, or calf to a tree.

asitoha, asitoa, pp. pi., tied up; bound
to.

asitoli, v. t. pi., to tie to, or to bind to
(from a and sltoli), Matt. 13: 30.

asitopa, v. a. i., to persevere.

asonak, n., a brass kettle; a vessel made
of brass or tin; a kettle.

asonak aholuyachi, n., a colander.

asonak atakali, n., a kettle bail; a crane;
a pot hook; a trammel.

asonak atoba, n., a furnace.

asonak hata, n.,atin kettle; a tin pail.

asonak hata maiha, n. , tin pan (mai'Aa—
wide).

asonak isht atta, n., a tinker.

asonak isht talakchi, n., pot hooks;
the hooks used in lifting kettles, oven
lids, etc.

asonak lakna, n., brass; a brass kettle.

asonak lakna atoba, a., brazen.

asonak lakna chito, n., a large brass
pan.

asonak lakna chiihmi, a., brassy.

asonak lakna ikbi, n., a brazier.

asonak lakna isht akmi, pp., brazed;
soldered with brass.

asonak lakna isht akmichi,v .t., to braze;
to solder with brass.

asonak lakna isht akmichi, n., a brazier.

asonak maiha, n., a tin pan.

asonak toba, n., tin.

asonali, asunali, asanali, v. a. i., v. t.,
to go against wind or tide; to as
cend; to fly against the wind; to sail
against the current; to face; to front; to
stem; to confront; to thwart; to with
stand, Ruth 1: 13; asanni, pi.

asunanta, n., the going against,

asunonchi, n., the elders; the aged; the
fathers, by way of respect.

asunonchika, n., elders, Luke 22: 52.

ash (and its compounds), an article; the
one, the said, the one which, referring
to some particular object that had been

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE C11OCTAW LANGUAGE

59

the subject of conversation before;
peni ash, the ship, Matt. 14: 29. The
idea of past time in this article dif
ferentiates it from other articles and
it may be called a past tense article,
Matt. 5: 24. Compounds: ashakosh,
ashakot, ashakocha — ashano, ob. case,
the one which — ashqto, the one — asJiba,
himmak ashba, nitak nana asJi, com
pounded of ash, the future, and ba (see
below); onnak mak ashba, Ch. Sp. Book,
p. 77 — ashin — ashinli, the same; the one
which also — ashkia, the one also, even
that one — ashon, the one; the, Matt.
9: 6; Chihowa asho™, God, Matt. 9:8;
yammak ashon, the which, Matt. 13: 44;
osapa yammak as}ton, that field, Matt.
13: 44, yammak ashon, him, Matt. 13:
57—ashocha, nom. case, the one — ash-
oka, ob. case, the one — ashokako, ob-
case, although the one or the said —
ashokakotth, nom. case, although the
said — ashokano, ob. case, the one — ash-
okqt, nom. case, the one — ashokato, the
said one which — ashoke — ashokia, even
that one — ashona, ob. case, the one —
ashosh, nom. case, the said one; Chisas
ashosh, Matt. 14: 27; 15: 16; tuk ashosh,
Matt. 14: 33; okla ashosh, Matt. 16: 4;
imi shilombish ashosh (also ilap sh'dom-
bish ashosh), his soul, Matt. 16:26 — ashot,
contracted, nom. case, the said one.
This word is sometimes written hash,
kash, kqsh, kosh, and chash are generally
used after verbs, but have a similar use
and meaning; ash, the, the said, Matt.
5: 24; chuka yammak ash aiihfoso, beat
upon that said house; Matt. 7: 25, 27;
Lewi ushi asJi keyu honf is not . . . the
son of David? Matt. 12: 23; qno ash sia-
hokentis I, Matt. 14: 27; chishno ash
chiahokmat, if it be thou, Matt. 14: 28.
ansha, sing., asha, pi., v. a. i., to sit;
to reside; to continue; and often as a
substitute for the verb to be; to be
there, John 1: 48, 50; there is; he is;
she is there, etc., Matt. 14: 13; 15: 37;
17: 4; to kennel; to abide, Matt. 12:45;
ashqt tosliowa, to remove from, Josh.
3: 1, 3; asht ia, to remove from, Josh.
3: 14; imansha, to have, Matt. 18: 12;
isht ansha, \. t., to be busy about,
Luke 5: 5; 'ikslio, neg. form; ikans1io
is not used; but ikslio, iksaksho, iksqin-

iksJio are used;a«s7ta, nasal form, made
by drawing out the nasal sound of the
first vowel; having, Mark 11: 13; a^hi,
contracted from «««//«/, Matt. 3:5; a^ht
minti, sing., mht inirdi, pi., Mark 11:
12; anshtakoira, Matt, 17: 9; aiaslm, pi.
and pro. form and also a compound of
the adv. of place, at before the verb,
as aiasha, to sit there; cldntail aiashd
(see Matt. 10: 5); Josh. 5: 12; ima^lm,
he has, Matt. 13: 44. This word a^ha,
with the prefix pronouns am, chini,
and im, etc., means to have; as «///'/. s7*<7,
I have, or there is of mine, John 4: 32;
ikimikaho, neg. form, to have none;
aheka imashali, I have a debt (see
Matt. 3:5).

ansha, pp., entered.

ansha, a., extant.

ansha, n., room; sitting.

ansha kuchat, to come out; John 4: 30.

ashabi, ashahbi, n., the place to which
the mourning poles were taken and
thrown away. "Mourning poles" were
several poles set at the grave or near the
house on account of the death of some
friend, beneath which friends sat and
mourned the dead.

ashabi, a., mournful; lonesome; barren;
stripped.

ashabi, v. n., to be mournful, lone
some, or barren.

ashabichi, v. t., to render mournful,
lonesome, or barren.

ashachi, causative form of asha, v. t.
pi., to put down; to lay them down;
to deposit; to store; to leave, as a flock
of sheep; Matt. 18: 12; Josh. 2: 6;
7: 23; 8: 2, 12; aiashachi, to lay them
there, or in a receptacle; hqchikashacho-
kasJtke, "neither cast ye," Matt, 7: 6;
to gather into, Matt. 6: 26; to bestow
in, 1 Kings 10: 26.

ashanfi, n., the place where one shaves;
also a shaving; what is shaved off.

anshaka, prep., behind; in the rear;
imashakayan, "behind him," Matt. 9:
20; qmashaka yon, behind me, Matt. 16:
23; qmanshanka, behind me, Luke 4:
8; 2 Kings 9: 18, 19; Josh. 8: 2, 4; chim-
anshaka, behind thee; ashankani/a, going
along in the rear; mish ashankanyn, be
yond and along behind; amba apakfopat
an*1iaka, 2 Sam. 5: 23.

60

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

anshaka, v. n., to be in the rear; to be

behind.
anshaka intannap, n., the back side;

the rear.
anshakachi, v. t, to place in the rear;

anshakachit na mthachi, to backbite;

anshakachit namihachi, n., a backbiter,

Rom. 1: 30.
anshakba, v. a. i., to have time, or be at

leisure.

ashali, n., a vehicle.
ashalinka, adv., in baste; with haste;

hastily; quickly, Luke 2: 16; shortly;

straight; immediately, Luke 4: 39;

straightway, Matt. 14: 27, 31; Mark

12: 8; ashalika inkashofatok, imme
diately he was cleansed of it, i. e., the

leprosy, Matt. 8: 3; anon, Matt. 13:

20; suddenly, Josh. 10: 9.
ashalinkachi, v. t., to hasten; to hurry,
ashalinchi, v. t,, to quicken,
ashalint, adv., in a short time (aeon-
traction of ashalinchit}.
anshali, n., my master; my lord; rabbi,

John 3:2; sir, John 4:11; chinshali, thy

master, 2 Sam. 24: 3.
ashana, pp., turned; twisted; locked,
ashana, v. a. i., to turn; to twist; as it

turns,
ashatapa, pp., extended; stretched;

spread, as the wings or arms,
ashatapoa, pp. pi., extended; stretched;

spread.
ashatapoli, v. a. i. pi., to extend the

arms or wings,
ashatabli, v. a. i. sing., to extend the

wings or arms; to spread the wings.
ashatablichi, v. t., to cause to extend

the arms or wings; to extend the arms

or wings of another,
ashatapa, n., a fathom; the wings spread;

the arms extended,
ashatapoa, n. pi., fathoms; wings or arms

extended,
ashatapolichi, v. t. cans, pi., to cause

the arms or wings to be extended; to

extend the arms or wings of another,
ashachahe keyu, a., infallible.
ashachechi, v. t., to cause to err; to

lead astray.
ashachi, v. a. i., to go astray; to mistake;

to miss; to err; to sin, Josh. 7: 11, 20;

2 Sam. 24: 10; to deviate; to fail; to

miscount; to offend; to do wrong; chirn-

ashachi, to trespass against thee, Matt.
18: 15; ashachi, pp., missing; ashanchi,
nasal form; ashahanchi, freq.; ashaiy-
achi, pro. form.

ashachi, v. t., to mistake; to miss; to sin;
to slip; to stumble.

ashachi, a., amiss; sinful; mistaken;
erring; inaccurate; ikasJiacho; ashachi
iksho, a., sinless; without sin.

ashachi, n., a sinner; a mistaker; a
blunderer; a stumbler; or nan ashachi
(q. v.).

ashachi, n., a sin; a mistake; a blunder;
a debt; harm; a lapse; an offense; in
scripture, an error; a deviation; a fault;
amiss; or aiashachika (q. v. ).

ashachi keyu, a., guiltless; Matt. 12: 7;
innocent (pi. in Greek testament).

ashachit anoli, v. t., to misrepresent.

ashachit anukfilli, v. t., to misjudge; to
mistake.

ashachit apesa, v. t., to misjudge.

ashachit boh, v. t., to mislay.

ashachit hochifo, v. t., to misname.

ashachit ishi, v. t., to mistake.

ashachit isht atta, v. t., to mismanage.

ashachit tosholi, v. t. , to misinterpret.

ashakachi, pp. pi., locked; turned;
twisted.

ashana, pp., fastened; locked.

ashana, n., a spinning wheel; a spire.

ashanatali fabassa, n., a spindle.

ashanni, v. t. , to spin on or twist on or at.

ashannichi, v. t. sing, and pi., to lock;
to turn a key, or to cause it to lock or
turn, 2 Sam. 13: 17, 18; to cause to spin
or twist on.

ashannichi, n., a spinner; a turnkey.

asheha, pp. pi., bound; tied up at the
ends and round the sides, as a packet
of letters, or as the Choctaw bind dry
skins; isht asheha yan shoeli, Gen. 24: 32.

ashehachi, sing., tied up; bound up; Mit
ashihacJiit taiijaJia mat, 2 Sam. 20: 8.

ashekonoa, ashekonowa, pp. pi., tied
in single knots, as knots 011 a single
string; itashekonoa, or itashekonoira, tied
together, i. e., the two strings are tied
together and pairs of them. See
nosJtkobo hat nonqj>i axJi islit ashekonowa,
his head caught hold of the oak, 2 Sam.
18: 9.

ashekonoa, n., knots; itashekonoa, knots
made by tying two strings together.

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

61

ashekonoachi; itashekonoachi, v. t., to
snarl; to knot.

ashekonobli, ashikonobli, v. t. pi., to
tie a hard knot with a single string or
on a single string; to knot; itasheko-
nobli, to tie two strings together; ashek-
onombli, nasal form.

ashekonopa, pp. sing., tied in a single
knot; itasheko7iopa, tied together, as the
two strings of a shoe; ashekonumpa,ita-
shekonumpa, nasal forms.

ashekonopa, n., a knot; a noose; a tie;
itashekonopa, a knot made by tying
two strings together.

ashela, pp., thickened, as food; inspis
sated, as mush and food of that kind.

ashela, v. a. i., to thicken.

ashela, n., mush, hasty pudding, pud
ding; a poultice; a cataplasm; a sina
pism; spawn.

ashela lapalechi, v. t., to poultice; to
put on a poultice.

ashelachi, v. t., to thicken food; to make
thick; to inspissate.

asheli, v. t., to fill up or stop up fis
sures, cracks, holes, etc.

ashelikbi, v. t., to make mush, etc.

ashelokchi, n., water gruel; the watery
part of ashela.

ashelichi, v. t., to bind up; to tie up
by winding round the sides and the
ends.

ashepachechi, v. t., to boil down till
nearly dry; to dry it,

ashepachi, pp., boiled down till nearly
dry; dried away.

ashepachi, v. a. i., to dry away.

ashikonobli, see ashekonobli.

ashinla, n., a dry place in distinction
from wet places, both existing at one
time.

ashinli (from asheli), v. t., to fill up
chinks, or small holes, cracks, or fis
sures, with something else; kishi asheli-
li, I fill the chinks of a basket.

ashippa, pp., stewed dry; dried up at;
absorbed at.

ashippa, n., a dry place.

ashinya, pp., filled up; having the chinks
filled up.

ashke, aux., will or shall; of the will;
found at the end of a sentence, as

ialashke, I will go. This form ex
presses a strong purpose having some
thing of the optative; compounded of
ash and ke; cf. asJiba from ash and ba;
tekashke, shall be female, Gen. 6: 19;
Uhpakashke, it shall be food, Gen. 6: 21.

ashke, imp., sign of the imp., and found
also at the end of an expression or sen
tence. issanyimmashke, do thou be
lieve me! John 4: 21; pinshali ma,
ishimpashke, "master eat" John 4:31;
used for may in 2 Sam. 24: 2; ithana-
lashke, I may know; pisashke, he may
see, 2 Sam. 2: 43; let, Josh. 7: 3; ikai-
yokashke, let them not go; assertive of
the future known; shke, assertive of
the present known; ialishke, I go, em
phatic specification; ashke, emphatic
and specific future tense; ialashke, I
shall go.

ashoboli, ashobulli, n., a flue; a chim
ney; a funnel.

ashobolichukbi, n., a chimney corner.

ashobolinaksika, n., a chimney corner;
the side of the chimney.

ashobolipaknaka, n., a chimney top.

asholi, n., a hod; any instrument for car
rying on the shoulder.

asholichi, n., a rubstone.

ashua, n., a place that is rotten and
smells foul.

ashuahchi, n., a grindstone; an instru
ment for sharpening edge tools; a
whetstone.

ashuachi, see ashuwachi.

ashuchoha, v. i., to be tempted. See
shochoha.

ashueli, n. pi., the places where they
were taken off.

ashueli, v. t., to take them off from.

ashunfa, n., the place where it was
taken off.

ashunfa, pp., taken off from.

ashunffi, v. t, to take it off from.

ashuma, v. a. i., to mix; to mingle.

ashuma, pp., mixed; itashuma, mingled
together.

ashuma, n., a mixture; itashuma; a mix
ture.

ashumbala, n., the cotton wood tree.

ashummi, v. t., to mix; to guide; to
mingle; itashummi, to mix together;
to mingle.

62

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ashummi, n., a mixer, a mingler.

ashuwachi, ashuachi, v. t, to cause
rottenness or a foul smell ; to cause any
thing (as meat) to smell bad; to taint.

ashwa, ashwa, ansh.wa (nasal form),
v. a. i. pi., to stay there, whether stand
ing, sitting, or lying; dual, Matt. 4: 18;
tuklo hosh ashwqt kuchqt minti, coming
out of, Matt. 8: 28; ahanshiva, freq.,
Luke 2: 6. The nasal in anshwa ex
presses the idea of a continued act.

ashwanchi, ashwanchi, v. a. i., to be
busy; to be engaged in some employ
ment; itqshwanchi, to be employed to
gether or busy together; isht ashwanchi,
n., employment or busy with some
thing; nanta isht ashwanchi? what are
they doing?

at, art., the.

at, rel. pro., as iksqmaiikpacho at, he is
the one who does not thank me; lipat.

atabli, v. t., to stop; tocheck (a diarrhea).

atabli, v. t. sing., to overdo; to over
stock; to put on, lay down, bring, or
collect more than is needed or can be
disposed of; to exaggerate; to exceed;
bok sakti atabli, to overflow the banks,
Josh. 3: 15; 4: 18; atam Mi, nasal form;
atamblit apotuli, v. t. , to superaftd.

atablichi, v. t. caus., to cause to over
flow or superabound; to cause an over
plus; isht atablichi, v. t., to aggravate
by means of.

atablit abeli, v. t., to overcharge; to
overload, as a gun; to surcharge.

atablit apa, v. a. i., to surfeit.

atablit shapulechi, v. t., to overload; to
overpack.

atablit tikambichi, v. t., to overdo; to
overtire.

ataha, pp., finished; completed; pro
vided; done; tired; worn out; wearied;
ataiyaha, pro. form, concluded, Matt.
2:9 [?].

ataha, n., completion; end; the close;
the termination.

ataha, v. n., to have an end, or comple
tion; nitak nana out (tfaJta hinnna kei/u, it
will never have an end.

ataha liinla, a., that which can have an
end.

ataha iksho, a., endless; immeasurable;
immense; eternal; immortal; infinite;

perennial; unbounded; everlasting,
Matt. 18: 8.

ataha iksho, n., immensity; infinity;
perpetuity.

atahahe iksho, a., that which will
never end; sempiternal.

atahpali, v. t., to dress; to adorn; to dress
extravagantly; ilatahpqli, to dress him
self, Luke 16: 19.

atahpalichi, v. t., to dress another with
fine clothes.

atai, n., buckeye, name of a poisonous
shrub or tree, used in killing fish; see
atai. [In the Sixtowns dialect this is
ataii— H. S. H.]

ataioha, pp. pi., brought to the land
ing.

ataioha, v. a. i., to come to land; as they
land or come to land, meaning the boats.

ataioha, n. pi., landings.

ataiohali, v, t., to bring to land, Luke
5: 11.

ataiya, ataia, ataya, v. a. i. sing., to
lean against; to land; to come to land;
to recline; to rest; to side; itatai/a, to
lean toward each other, spoken of the
legs of a horse that bend inward and
come near each other.

ataiya, pp., landed.

ataiya, a., recumbent.

ataiya, n., a landing.

ataiyali, v. t., to bring to land; to lean
or rest it against.

ataiyachi, v. t. caus., to lean it; to make
it rest against.

ataiyuli, n. pi., sources, fountains, of a
river or stream of water.

atak, hatak, adv., a colloquial word,
not elegant nor used in solemn style;
always so; usually; commonly; a.,
usual. It is perhaps compounded of tak
with a ha or ya prefix, as in these ex
amples: takon at qpaka yainohini Jtatak,
yohmi kia apa ka yohmi tak; see tak.

atakafa, n., a dish.

atakalam iksho, a., undisturbed; unem
barrassed; unresisted; ikataklamo, a.,
uninterrupted; unmolested; is Jtt ikatak
lamo, a., untroubled.

atakalama, see atnklqnia.

atakali, n. sing., a peg; a hook; a pin;
a nail; a gambrel (as slmkJia (ttakaU);
a stem; a hanger; a hinge; a loop; a
thole.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

63

atakali, pp., hung by; suspended from;
hitched to; atakanli, Matt. 18: 6.

atakali, v. a. i., to hang by; to hang to.

atakali hilechi, v. t., to hinge; to hang.

atakalichi, v. t., to hang; to suspend; to
fasten to some fixed object, Josh. 2: 15.

atakaffi, v. t. sing., to dip out of.

atakam, n., a dipper; one that dips from.

atakchechi, atakchichi, v. t., to tie on;
to tie to another thing; to hitch ; itatak-
chechi, to tie together; to alligate; to
hook.

atakchi, v. t., to tie at; to tie to; to tie on.

atakchichechi, v. t., to tie to anything
else.

atakchichijV. t., to lash on; to tie on; to
tie it to something. This form is
plainly explained by the word aliokcJii-
chi (see Matt. 13: 25), to plant with
other seed or plants after they have
been planted.

atakla; ataklachi (see Luke 22: 6),
from takla (q. v. ), I presume, made
into a causative verb.

atakla, to be with, see John 4: 27.

ataklamma, v. a. i. > to assent; Acts 24: 9.

ataklachi, in the meantime, or in the
time of absence, Luke 22: 6.

ataklama, a., officious.

ataklama, atakalama, pp. sing., hin
dered; prevented; delayed; cumbered;
detained; disturbed; interrupted; trou
bled.

ataklama, atakalama, v. n., to be hin
dered or perplexed.

ataklama, atakalama, n., a hindrance;
a disturbance; an impediment; a let;
isJtt ataklama, a hindrance; an interrup
tion; a nuisance; an obstacle; a plague;
a pother; trouble.

ataklammi, v. t., to hinder; to interrupt;
to oppose; to perplex; to pother; to pre
vent; to trouble; to cumber; to delay;
to discommode; to disturb; to impede;
to incommode; to interfere.

ataklammi, n., a hinderer; an opposer.

ataklammi, n., a hindrance; an impedi
ment; an interruption.

ataklammichi, v. t., to cause a hin
drance; to hinder; •ilatakiantmtchi, to
hinder or trouble one's self, Luke 10: 41;
issiataklammi chisJike, thou art an offense
unto me, Matt. 16: 23.

ataklammichi, n., a hinderer; one that
causes a hindrance.

ataklamoa, pp. pi., hindered; pre
vented; delayed.

ataklamoa, v. n., to be hindered, pre
vented, or delayed.

ataklamoli, v. t. pi., to hinder; to pre
vent; to trouble.

ataklamoli, n., hinderers; troublers;
plagues.

ataklamolichi, v. t., to cause hin
drances.

ataklamolichi, n., hinderers; troublers.

atakli, v. t. pi., to dip out of; to dip in;
to dip from; to dip into.

ataklokami, v. t.,to hinder.

atakoli, n. pi., pins; pegs; stems; nails;
hooks; gambrels.

atakoli, pp. pi., hung up.

atakoli, v. a. i., to hang on; to hang to.

atakolichi, v. t. pi., to hang them upon.

atalaia, pp. sing., placed on; set on.

atalaia, n., a shelf.

atalakchi, n., a knot.

atalakchi, pp., tied at; tied on or to;
hitched; ittatalakchi, pp., tied together;
tied to each other.

atalali, v. t., to place on.

ataloa, n., a hymn; a psalm; a song; a
canticle; a carol; an anthem; a lay;
a music book; a note in music; an ode;
a singing book.

ataloa ikbi, n., a bard; a poet.

ataloha, pp. pi., placed on; set on; stand
ing on.

ataloha, n. pi., shelves; a safe.

atalohmaya, n., shelves.

ataloht maya, v. a. i. pi., to sit round.

atali, v. t., to do; to provide for; to
ma»ke ready; to complete; to conclude;
to appoint for, 1 Kings 11: 18; to exe
cute; to find; to furnish; to finish; to
fit; to gird; to perfect; to perform; to
prepare; to prosecute; to provide; to
purvey; to ripen; to settle; aiatali, to
lay up there, Matt. 6: 19, 20; ilatali,
v. t. ref., to provide for one's self;
ilatali, n., providence for himself;
imatali, v. t., to purvey; to qualify; to
recruit; to satisfy; to support; to pro
vide for him; to enable him; atanli,
nas. form, Luke 22:8; ataanli^ freq. ;
ataii/ali, pro. form.

64

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

atali, n., a provider; one that does or
makes ready; a preparer; a purveyor.

atali, n., provision; purveyance.

atampa, n., leavings; offal; orts; over
plus; refuse; remains; remainder; a
remnant; a residue.

atampa, a., odd, as an odd one left or
remaining after any specified number;
spare; more, Matt. 5: 37; 15: 37; 2 Sam.
13: 15.

atampa, nasal form of atapa (q. v.).

atampa, n., a yearling.

atapa, pp., blocked up; itatapa, blocked
up and separated from each other;
itatampa, nas. form.

atapa, n., a stoppage; the place at which
anything has been separated or cut in
two.

atapachi, v. t., to block up; to obstruct;
to hinder; to fasten; isht atapachi, v. t.,
to stop with; to button; isht atapachi,
n., a button; a hasp; isht atapachi ikbi,
v. t., to make a barb; to barb; itatapachi,
to clasp together; to fasten together;
itatapachi, n., a clasp; see atapachi.

atapachi, n., a fastener; one that makes
fast.

atapoa, n. pi., stoppages; places at which
things are separated.

atapoli, v. t. pi. of atabli; atahpoli, a va
riant.

ataya, isht ataya, n., descendants; pro
geny; also islit atia and islit aiunchuloli,
Matt. 1:1.

atanya, v. a. i., to come, Luke 3:4; John
1: 23; to go, Josh. 10: 10.

atanya, n., a way, Luke 3: 4; John 1: 23;
a conduit; atanya yatuk an, Josh. 4: 18;
applied to a new way, one first used,
John 1: 23.

atabli, v. t., sing., to separate at; to sun
der at; to break off at; ataptuli, pi.

atala, sing., a shelf; ataloha, pi.

atalhpi, n., a frame in which the Choc-
taw formerly laid their young infants
and there confined them for days in
order to flatten their heads.

atalwa, n., a song; a death song sung
at funerals, pole pullings, etc.

atalwachi, n., a song; a war song sung
by the women when the men were go
ing out to war, and in which they \vere
often exhorted to depend upon the sun
and fire for success.

atana, n., a loom.

atapa, n., an overplus; an exaggeration;
excess; lateness, as to time set; the
rest; a surplus.

atapa, v. n., to be an overplus; to overgo;
to superabound; what is remaining;
atampa, nasal form; atampat anshaka,
Matt. 14, 20; ataiyapa, pro. form; atai-
yampa, pro. nasal form.

atapa, v. a. i., to act as an austere man,
Luke 19: 22; to take more than is
proper or right; atampa, nasal form,
Luke 16: 24; Matt. 14: 20.

atapa, pp., overstocked; overdone; ex
aggerated.

atapa, a., belated; later than the proper
time; excessive; exorbitant; immoder
ate; inordinate; intemperate; intense;
intolerable; intolerant.

atapa, adv., far; immoderately; too;
unduly.

atapa fehna, a., insufferable; late; over
much; redundant; superfluous.

atapa ont ia, adv., late.

ataptua, n. pi., places at which things
are sundered; pieces.

ataptua, v. a. i. pi., to separate at; to
break at; to come in two at.

ataptuli, v. t. pi., to separate at; to break
at; to sunder at.

atashi, n., a club; a bludgeon; a cudgel.
The stick called atashi by the Choctaw
has a part of the root at the heavy end
and is from two to three feet long; used
by boys as a throwing club.

atebli, v. a. i., to press on.

ateblichi, v. t. caus., to press on; to
make it press; to jamb; to press; to
screw; to squeeze.

ateblichi, n., a presser; one that presses.

atechi, see atelichi.

ateli, n. sing., source; fountain; rise;
head of a stream; ataiyali, ataioli, pi.,
sources, heads.

atela, see atila.

atelachi, pp., hewed 011 both sides; iti
atclai'hl, hewed on two or four sides.

ateh, v. t., to compact.

atelichi, atelichi, atechi, v. t., to com
pact; to ram down; to ram in; to push
in; to ram; to compress; to cram; to
crowd; to squeeze; attia, pp., squeezed;
athilicJii, nasal form; atelichi, n., com
pression; atelikachi, pass.

BTINQTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

atelifa, atilifa, v. a. i., to crowd; to
press, Luke 5:1; to stand in a crowd, an
a multitude of people.

atelifa, pp., crowded; pressed; neg.
Mark 3: 9.

atelifichi, v. t.,to throng; to crowd, Luke
8:45.

atepa, pp., screwed.

atepa, n., a tent.

atepuli, v. t., to make a camp with a
shelter or covering, whether made of
bark, wood, cloth, or grass; to tent.

atia, n., a way; an alley; an avenue; a
passage; a track; a row; an access; an
exit; an orbit; a pathway; a road.

atia, v. a. i., to travel a road for the first
time; hashatia keyu chatuk, Josh. 2: 16;
hashatia, hetuk, Josh. 3: 4; to go up,
Josh. 12: 7; see atanya.

atia, v. t., to obey; to follow; to serve,
Josh. 5: 6; antia, nasal form and the
one most used, with a prefixed pro.
am, chim, im, etc. ; imantia, to obey him;
ishimantia, you obey him; iksaman-
tioslike, he does not obey me; isht atia,
v. a. i., to rise from; to descend from,
as a race of beings; isht atiaka, n., seed;
progeny, 1 Kings 11: 14.

atiballi, a., greedy; gluttonous.

atiballi, v. n., to be greedy; to be glut
tonous.

attha, n., a place that has been plucked,
or where anything has been pulled up
by the roots.

atikeli, n., a rack.

atikkonofa, v. a. i., to be near to; to ap
proach, Josh. 3:4; 8:5; to be narrow,
Josh. 17: 15.

atila, atela, n., a place hewed or blazed;
a mark on a tree made by hewing off
the bark.

atiia, pp., cut; hewed.

atilichi, v. t., to hew; itl an atilichi, to
hew the wood; to cut the wood.

atilichi, n., a hewer.

atilifa, see atelifa.

atiwa, atua, n., an opening; a gap;
an aperture; a breach; a break.

ato, art., the one, as for the; the sign of
the distinctive article pronoun in the
conjunctive form, as ano is of the dis
junctive form. This form is more dis
tinctive than at and at. It is also writ
ten hato, ijato, ato, halo, and yato (q. v.).
84339° — Hull. 4G — 15 o

ato, rel. pro., used after verbs, the one
which or who, as for the one which.

atoba, v. a. i., to make of or from; to
be begotten of; C/m«.s- at at < that attain/;,
Matt. 1: 16; chiatoho, Matt. 2: 5, 6;
isht atoba, to increase by means of.

atoba, n., the place where anything was
made, formed, grew, ripened, or came
into being; a germ. The word has a
general meaning and is formed from a,
place where, and toba, to be made, to
become.

atobachi, atobachi, v. t., to raise up
at; to make; to cause to become; to
cause to supply the place of another;
to cause to fill the place of another,
Luke 20: 28; itatobachi, v. t., to com
mute; to fill each other's places.

atobahpi, n., beginning; first formation;
ahpi first, toba made, a at.

atobba hinla, a., responsible; reward-
able.

atobbi, v. t., to pay, Matt. 5: 26; to
recompense; to reward, Matt. 6: 4, 18;
to atone; to avenge; to revenge; to
retaliate; to liquidate; to render an
equivalent; to compensate; to defray;
to disburse; to expiate; to fee; to give;
to quit; to redress; to remunerate; to
repay; to requite; to respond; to retri-
bute; to return; to satisfy; to toll;
isht atobba hinla, to give in exchange
for, Matt. 16: 26; isht imatobbi, to re
ward him, Matt. 16, 27; alhtoba, pp.,
paid; akchialhtoba, v. a. i., let me take
your place; ilatobbi, v. ref., to revenge
himself; iiatomba, to save for himself.

atobbi, n., a payer; a rewarder; a re
venger; an avenger; a defray er; a pay
master.

atobbi, n., a payment; remuneration.

atobbichi, v. t., to change; to replace;
to cause to pay; to exact; to put in
place of, Josh. 5: 7; to place instead of;
it atobbichi, v. t., to reverse; to invert;
to exchange.

atobbichi, n., an exactor.

atobbichi hilechi, v. t., to pawn.

atobbit foka, v. t., to shift a garment;
to change, as clothes.

atohchi, n., a shot bag; a shot pouch: a
pouch.

atolini, v. t., to watch; see atom.

66

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[BULL. 46

atohnichi, v. t., to set on; to halloo, as
in sotting on the dogs; to cause to bay.

atoh.no, atonho, v. t., to hire; to em
ploy; to engage; to warn, Matt. 2: 22;
to send; to give charge of, Matt. 4:6;
atohonnokma^\\\en he sends forth, Matt.
13: 41; pit atohno, to send, -Uhtono, pp.
By some atoJtno is pronounced atolo,
and they say atolohhichi, used for par
ents to urge them to send their children
to school.

atohno, n., a hirer.

atohnuchi, atohnochi, v. t. cans., to
authorize another to act; to engage an
other; to prompt; to put up to; atohno-
Jionchi, freq.. Matt. 26: 19; pitatolmochi,
v. t., to refer.

atohnuchi, n., an employer; a prompter.

atohwakali, n., the firmament.

atohwali, n., an opening.

atohwikalinka, n.. the place of light.

atohwikeli, n., light. See tohuikeli.

atohwikinli, nasal form, light, John 3:
19, 20.

atok, often written tok; sign of the re
mote past tense, and may be rendered
so as to correspond with the preterit
tenses in English, was, has, had.
The a before tok may be a word by
itself. See a. But by entering the
word atok here some assistance may
be obtained on the subject. Atok and
ulnk follow he sometimes. Chinmak atok
oke, that is what it wras to be, Matt.
9: 13. Compounds: — atokan, 1 Kings
11: 4, 6 — atokakon — atokakosh — atokano
• — atokato — atokinli. — atokkia — atokma —
atokmako] quo pulhi hatukmakon, "for
my sake," Matt. 10:18 — atokmakocha —
atokmakoiia — atokmakosli — atokmakot —
atokmano^atokmqt — atokmato — <itokoa-
k« — ittokok'i — dtokokr — dtokokin — <itok-
okqito — aiolcnl-qt — ntnkokqtu — atokona —
atokosJi — dtokot — «tuk<tl — «tnk(ito.
atokko, see atukk<>.
atokoa, a., definite.

atokoa, atokowa, v. t., to testify; to
declare; to take out; to select, Josh.
.S: 12.

atokolechi, v. t., to choose; to select,
John 6: 70; to bear testimony, Mat. 10:
18.

atokoli, atokuli, atokkoli, v. t., to
point out; to state; to particularize; to
appoint; to authorize; to empower; to
choose, 2 Sam. 24: 12; Luke 6: 13; 1
Kings 11: 13; to commission; to define;
to delegate; to depute; to elect; to nom
inate; to ordain; to send; to vote; to
warrant; to take out of, Josh. 3: 12; 4:
2; 8: 3; mildo atokoli, to identify ; atokonli
nasal form; Uatokoli, to choose for him
self, Josh. 20: 2.

atokoli, n., one that points; a testifier; a
chooser; an elector; a voter.

atokoli, n., a choice; an ordination.

atokolit halalli, v. t., to anoint; to do,
Luke 4: 18.

atokot pisa, v. t, to eye; alhtuka, pp.

atokowa, see atokoa.

atokowa, pp., pointed out; proved; fast
ened, as the eyes on an object, Luke
4: 20; itatokoa, Gen. 45: 15; delegated;
deputed; sent; nominated; ordained;
mihio atokowa, identified.

atokowa, n., a declaration.

atoksala hlnla, a., tillable.

atoksali, n., work, John 4: 38; employ
ment; a field; a shop; ikatoksalo, a.,
uncultivated.

atoksali chuka, n., a workhouse; a
working house; a workshop.

atokuli, see atokoli.

atokulit aiyua, v. t., to choose; to pick
out.

atokulit ishi, v. t., to choose; to pick; to
select; 7ninko atokuli, to choose a chief.

atoli, n., a ball ground.

atoma,atuma, adv. of doubt, in interro
gations; okchanya chatuk atuma, Deut.
5: 26.

atonho, atohno, v. t., to hire; to engage.

atonho, n., a hirer.

atonhuchi, atohnuchi, v. t., to authorize
another; to empower; to engage an
other.

atoni, atohni, v. t., to watch; to guard;
to keep in safety, Josh. 10: 18; 1
Sam. 2: 9; Gen. 2: 15; to attend the
bride or groom at weddings, 2 Kiims 9:
14; oltoyo <itoni, Jiatak <ttoni.

atoni, n., a watch; a guard; a sentinel.

atoni hikia, n., a sentinel.

atoni hioli, n. pi., sentinels.

atonli, nasal form; from alulli, to hop.

BYINOTO^]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

67

atonli, n., a hop.

atonli, n., a hopper.

atonoli, v. a. i., to roll in.

atonolichi, atononchi, v. t., to roll in.

atosh, see hatosh.

atoshafa, n., the place where anything
has been cut off or sliced off, as meat
or bread.

atoshba, adv., not; written also hatoshba
(q. v.) and y atoshba.

atoshke, adv., probably; see fiatoshke.

attia, pp., compacted; pressed down in;
compressed.

atua, atiwa, n., a gap; an opening; an
entrance through an enclosure, fence,
etc.

atuchina, a., third; the ordinal of three;
ont atuchina, adv., thirdly; nitak ont
atuchinakma, the third day; Matt.
16: 21.

atuchina, v. n., to be the third.

atuchinaha, adv., three times; thrice.

atuchinanchi, v. t., to repeat three
times; to do anything the third time;
atuchinanchit.

atuk, sign of the immediate past tense,
did; was; has; had; has been; had been;
sometimes written hatuk and yatuk; see
atok. This is a compound word from
the particle a and tuk, " which was and
is still"; the a is the definite article,
tuk sign of the past tense, "was the."
Compounds: atuka, them that, John
2: 16 — atukako — atukakocha — atuka-
kona — atukakosh — atukakot — atuk-
ano — atukash, Judges 7: 15—atukato —
atukqt; ikanumpolo atukqt, the dumb;
atuk means Rtateof, have been and are;
hanali okpulo atukat, the lame, i. e.,
their state, condition — atukqto — atukin-
II — atukkia—atukma, the, when that is
the state of (any thing), when it has be
come thus, which was and is then; ma,
then, Matt. 18: 17; as a conj., Judg.
7: 14. — atukmak, atukmakhe, atukmak-
het, atukmakheno, atukmakheto, especi
ally, in particular that one, those,
etc. ; this is a comparative particle, and
to the disadvantage of the person or
thing compared with another— atuk-
makon, hutukmakon, for, Matt. 14: 9—
atukmakosh — atukmakot' — otukmano —
atukmqt; yqmmak atukmqt, he, Matt.
18: 17 — atukmqto, cttuko11, then in past

time, which having been (a which,
on having, tuk been and brought), Matt.
1:2; atukon yakoJnni, and then it came
to pass, Matt. 7: 28. This in used an a
contradistinctive conjunction — atuko-
cha — atukoka — alukokqno — atukokqt—
atukokqto — atukoke — atukokia — atuk-
ona—atukosh, then, John 2: 10; then
in past time; when he; and he, Matt.
7:1 [?]; atuk osh Chisqs at, Matt. 8: 5;
Salmon atukosh/ Simon who is, etc.,
Matt. 10: 2; osh is contradistinctive, the
Simon who has been and is called
Peter; this distinguishes him from
other men named Simon, Matt. 17: 27;
18: 13—atttkot.

atukko, atokko, v. a. i., v. t,, to take
refuge; to shelter; to take shelter; to
harbor; v. t., to protect; chuka atukko, Hi
atukko; atokko achukma keyu, a., inse
cure.

atukko, n., a haven; a retreat; protec
tion.

atukkochechi, v. t., to screen; to shelter.

atukkuchi, v. t., to shelter; to protect
others; to shield.

atukkuchi, n., a screen.

atukla, a., second; next.

atukla, adv., next; ont atukla, adv.,
secondly.

atukla, v. n.,to be the second; to be a
second; nanta hosh atukla ?ra.

atunkla, pp. nasal form, repeated.

atuklaha, adv., twice.

atuklanchi, v. t., to repeat; to do again;
to react; atuklahanchi, freq. ; atukla-
hanchit.

atuklanchi, n., a repetition.

atuklant, adv., second time; again.

atuklant achi, v. a. i., to speak again;
to repeat.

atuklant aiskia, pp., revised; corrected
again.

atuklant aiskiachi, v. t., to revise.

atuklant akmi, pp., recast; molded
anew.

atuklant akmichi, v. t., to recast: to
mold anew.

atuklant anlichi, v. t,, to reassure.

atuklant anoli, v. t., to tell it again; to
repeat.

atuklant anuknlli, v. t., to reconsider.

atuklant apesa, v. t., to revoke; to re
call.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

atuklant atokoli, v. t., to reappoint; to
rechoose; to choose a second time; to
reelect.

atuklant alhtuka, pp., rechosen.

atuklant chukoa, v. a. i., to reenter; to
enter anew, or a second time.

atuklant fimmi, v. t., to resow.

atuklant haiaka, v. a. i., to reappear.

atuklant haiaka, pp., found again; dis
covered a second time.

atuklant haklo, v. t., to rehear; to hear
a second time.

atuklant hilechi, v. t., to reestablish.

atuklant hobachi, v. a. i., to reecho.

atuklant hokli, v. t., to reseize.

atuklant hoyo, v. t., to recall; to call a
second time.

atuklant ikbi, v. t., to rebuild; to re
make; to re-edify; to regenerate; tore-
new; to reorganize.

atuklant ikbi, n., regeneration.

atuklant imatali, v. t., to recruit.

atuklant imalhtaha, pp., recruited.

atuklant ishi, v. t., to reassume; to re
take; to regain.

atuklant isht ia, v. t., to recommence;
to resume; to begin again; to renew.

atuklant isht ilaiyukpa, v. t., to reen-
joy; to enjoy a second time.

atuklant itauaya, pp., remarried.

atuklant itauaya, v. t., to remarry, as
the parties marry each other.

atuklant itauayachi, v. t., to remarry,
as an officer marries others.

atuklant itannaha, v. a. i., to reassem
ble.

atuklant itannaha, pp., reassembled.

atuklant itannali, v. t., to reassemble;
to re-collect; to rally.

atuklant lopuli, v. a. i., v. t., to repass.

atuklant miha, v. t., to rehearse; to re
peat.

atuklant oia, v. a. i., to reascend.

atuklant okchaya,, v. n.. to relive; to
live again.

atuklant oti, v. t., to rekindle.

atuklant pila, v. t., to recast: to resend.

atuklant pisa, v. t., to re-examine; to
revise.

atuklant poloma, pp., redoubled;
doubled a second time.

atuklant polomi, v. t., to redouble; to
double a second time.

atuklant toba, pp., a regenerate; re
generated; made again; renewed.

atuklant ulhti, pp., rekindled.

atuklant yammichi, v. t., to react.

atuklant yammiht pisa, n., to re-
attempt.

atuklonchi, and; see Matt. 2: 13.

atuklakafa, v. a. i., to jest; to joke.

atuklakafa, a., jocose.

atuklakafa, 11., a joke; idle talk.

atuko, adv., not; also spoken hatuko,
yatuko.

atukonofa, atikkonofa, v. a. i., to ap
proach near on both sides, Luke 22: 47.
Possibly this is a compound word.

atukonofa, pp., pressed on both sides.

atukosh, adv., not, not to.

atulli, v. a. i., to hop.

atuma, see atoma.

atush, hatush, yatush. Sinti yatush,
Satan, Scrip. Biog., p. 31.

atushali, pi., to hew, Josh. 8: 31; ap
plied to stones; see tuxhali.

atunshpa, pp., hastened; hurried.

atunshpa, v. a. i., to hurry; to hasten.

atunshpalechi, v. t., to press; atnsJipa-
lihinchilitok, "I compelled them,"
Acts 26: 11.

atushpachi, v. t,, to hasten; to hurry.

atuya, n., a ladder; stairs; a flight of
stairs; steps; 1 Kings, 10: 19; a style;
a rundle; Samson's post; a scale; a
stair; a stepping stone.

au, a diphthong, having the sound of o?r
in now.

aua, auah, a word used in counting the
numbers between ten and nineteen,
having the sense of and, or with, as ten
and one, 11; ten and two, 12; pokoli
auahchafa, ten and one, eleven, but the
word pokoli is usually omitted.

auah achafa, a., eleven, 11, xi.

auah achafa, v. n., to be eleven, as
an«1t (tchqfa yoke, there are eleven.

auah achafa, v. a. i., to be eleven, or
to make 11; as JiqsliaiutJt achqfa, you
make eleven; you are eleven.

auah hannali, a., sixteen, 16, xvi.

auah hannali, v. n., to be sixteen.

auah hannali, v. a. i., to make sixteen,
as ilauah hcinndli.

auah huntuchina, a., eighteen, 18, xviii.

auah huntuchina, v. n., to be eighteen.

BYINGTOK] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

auah huntuchina, v. a. i., to make

eighteen.

auah huntuklo, a., seventeen, 17, xvii.
auah huntuklo, v. n., to be seventeen.
auah huntuklo. v. a. i., to make seven
teen; as ilanah huntuUo.
auah hushta, auahushta, n., fourteen,

14, xiv, Matt. 1:17.
auah hushta, v. n., to be fourteen,
auah hushta, auahushta, v. a. i., to

make fourteen; as ilauahhushta, Josh.

5: 10.

auah talapi, a., fifteen, 15, xv.
auah talapi, v. n. , to be fifteen.
auah talapi, v. a. i., to make fifteen; as

ilawahtalapi.

auah tuchina, a., thirteen, 13, xiii.
auah tuchina, v.-n., to be thirteen.
auah tuchina, v. a. i., to be thirteen, or

to make thirteen; ilauali tuchina.
auah tuklo, a., twelve, 12, xii, a dozen,

Matt. 14: 20; Josh. 4: 2.
auah tuklo, n., a dozen.
auah tuklo, v. n., to be twelve.
auah tuklo, v. a. i., to be twelve; to

make twelve,
auah tuklo bat auah tuklo, n., a gross,

144; lit. twelve times twelve,
auahsholichi, v. t,, to make one dream,
auahushta, see auah hushta.
auanapa, pp. sing. , passed over; put over;

gone over or by.
auanapoa, pp. pi., passed over; put over;

gone over or by.
auanapoli, auanopoli, v. a. i. pi., to

pass over; to go over; auanabli, sing.;

see ianapoli.
auanapolichi, v. t. pi., to put over; to

throw over; to cause to go over; aua-

nqblichi, sing.
auanabli, v. a. i., to pass over; see tanabli,

qbanqbU.

auanablichi, v. t., to put over,
auant, see awant.
auansa, v. a. i., to chew a cud; or JiopaWsa,

hoiranfta (q. v. ).
auasholechi, v. t, cans, (an old word), to

make one dream,
auata, v, a. i., to appear; to come out;

to expand; to spread; to extend; //-

auata, to spread out one's self; to be

proud.

auata, a., wide; broad.
auata, pp., expanded; extended.

auata, n., breadth; width; extent, MX
26:2.

auatali, v. a. i., to stand crooked, an in
a half moon or circle.

auatali, n., a bent line, like the appear
ance of the new moon.

auataya, comp. verb, to lie spread and
stretched out over something wide as
well as long, hence applied to the firm
ament; [earlier and less correct mean
ings obtained] to go along with, to
accompany; tiliutik at <il><t morii'i kn
(itiatanyakmd, Sp. Book, page IS, 5th
edition. See auaia.

auatachi, v. t., to expand; to spread; to
extend.

auatalli, v. t., to extend in a line.

auaya, v. t. (a compound word from
auah. and anya), to have in marriage; to
wed; to marry, fern. gen. This word
is used when it is said that a woman
marries, but itttuftya when a man mar
ries, or when it is the act of both; ik-
•itauayo, neg., not married; single.

auaya, pp., a., married, fern, gen.,
Mark 10: 12.

auaya, n., a woman that marries; the
marriage state; ikauayo, n., celibacy;
ikauayo, a., unmarried.

auaya, v. t., v. a. i., to marry (fern, gen.);
itauaya nitak, n., a wedding day; it
auaya, pp., married; matched; mated;
espoused; ikitauayo, a., unmarried;
single; itauayqchi, v. t., to marry; to
mate; to settle; itanai/a, n., matri
mony; nuptials; a match; a settlement;
wedlock; itauaya ahalaia-, a., nuptial;
itauaya ipetqclti, n., a wedding feast;
itauaya, v. a. i., v. t., to cohabit; to
marry, Matt. 5: 32; to couple; to have
each other, or to have her; to settle; to
wed, Matt. 14: 4; to join; itauaya, a.,
pp., married, mas. gen. and com. gen.;
wedded; itauaya ona, a., pp., marriage
able.

auaya alhpesa, a., marriageable.

auaya ona, a., marriageable.

auayachi, v. t. cans., to marry a woman
to a man; to join; itanayqcJii, v. t., to
marry; to cause to marry, the act of an
officer or minister, etc.; to join in wed
lock.

auashli, v. t., to fry; to cook in a frying
pan, as meat is cooked; to parch; to

70

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

burn, as coffee is burnt for grinding and
use; to poach; to toast; alwasha, pass.,
aialwasha, a place for frying, 2 Sam.
13: 9.'

auechi, v. t. caus., (see echi); to send it
this way; to send it toward the speaker
by the hand of another; to cause it to
come this way — not to the speaker but
toward him; to transmit toward (the
speaker); isht auechi, v. t., to send this
way; to bring this way; isht auehin-
clii, freq. ; auehinchi, freq., John 5: 23.

aueli; ilaueli, to take along with him,
Matt. 4: 8.

auet, a "directive particle" before verbs
indicating the direction of an action
toward the speaker; auet a^hopakishke,
is far from me; auet inhopaki, a good
way off, Matt. 8: 30.

auet, awet (cont. of auechit), adv., this
way; toward — but always toward the
speaker, never from; pit means the
opposite of auet, Matt. 3: 17; 10: 40;
17:5; Rev. 14: 13; Josh. 4: 16, 17, 18, 19.
et (q. v. ) and auet have different mean
ings, et means toward the speaker;
auet, quite to him, as haksobish et well
cJta imanumpa auet haklo; auet is the
prolonged form; t is a connective as
with other words.

aume, exclam., well! indeed! O!

auola, v. a. i., to refrain; to stop; to hold
up; to cease, as the rain ceases, holds
up, stops, etc.

auola, n., a cessation; a holding up.

auolachi, v. t. caus., to cause the rain
to cease.

auns, ouns, n., an ounce; ouns aivahtuklok-
inat iveki achafa, troy weight; ouns awah
hanalikmat weki achafa, avoirdupois
weight.

awa, wa, adv., can not; shall not; will
not; John 2: 4 [?].

awaiakachechi, awalakachechi, v. t,
to plait; to pucker; to ruffle.

awalakachechi, n., a plaiter.

awalakachi, awalakachi, n., a frill; a
fringe; a plait; a pucker; a ruffle; gath
ers.

awalakachi, awalakachi, pp., a., ruffled;
plaited; puckered.

awalalli, n., a boiler.

awalalli iskitini, n., a saucepan; a
small boiler.

awant, auant, awat (from au+aya),
prep,, with; along with; to go with; to
accompany, Josh. 1: 5, 9; 3: 7; 7: 12;
Luke 1: 56; Matt. 5: 41.

awashoha, n., a scene; a place for play;
a playground.

awat, see awant.

awaya, n., product; crop.

awaya achukma, a., rich; fertile.

awaya achukma, n., richness; fertility.

awaya fehna, a., productive; fruitful.

awet, see auet.

awiachi, v. a. i., to hover over to get food;
to swarm; sheki at isubilli awiachi, to
hover in swarms over the dead horse;
foebilisJike at awiachi; foebilishke at tansh
hinak awiachi, the bees come round the
corn tassels in quest of something to eat.

awiachi, n., a swarm.

awiha, n., a deserted place; a place from
which persons have removed.

awokokonlichi, n., a place rooted up by
swine.

awokokonlichi, v. t. pi., to root, as
swine.

anya, aiya, v. a. i., to go; to travel; to go
along ; to move along; to pace; to pass;
to shoot, as an arrow; to stir; to strike;
to sweep; to tend; to waft; to depart;
Luke 2: 29; Matt. 5: 17; 10: 34; 11: 18;
Josh 1: 5; 3: 7; to come, John 1: 31; to
pass in any manner (Josh. 3: 4) or to
any end, as to fly, to sail, etc. ; imaya
(from im&ndanya united) also imayachi,
imaiya, and imaiyachi (the spelling va
ries), Matt. 10: 24; isht anya, v. t., to
take along; to carry; to conduct; to
drive; to lead, Luke 4: 1; to govern;
to sail; to treat; to fare; to fly; to run;
shat anya, to convey; achukmat ishan-
yashke, farewell.

anya, pp., passing; cJiisht anya, Matt. 4: 6.

anya, n., a mover, sojourner, traveler, or
one that moves along; a passenger; a
stirrer; kanima yon cliik (inya kia,
whithersoever thou goest, Matt. 8: 19;
imany«, v. t., to visit him, her,! Sam.
2: 21.

anya, n., a going; a motion; a passage; a
pace; a sailing.

anya, n., a flock; a herd; chukfalhpoa
anya kaniohini, micha wak anya kaiiioh-
mi, 1 Sam. 30: 20.

anya achafa, n., a flock; a company, 2
Kings 9: 17; a herd.

BTINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

71

anya hinla, a. , passable.

ayaiya, n., lamentation, Matt. 2: 18;
place of weeping.

ayaka, a., many; ikaiako, not many; not
much.

ayakohmi, aiyakohmi, n. , a deed ; some
thing done, or things done, John 1: 28;
2: 12.

ayakohmi, aiyakohmi, v. n., to take
place or transpire at.

ayakohmichi, v. t., to do something.

ayamaska, n., a kneading trough.

ayamasli, v. t., to knead in; to mix in;
to make mortar there or in.

ayanalli, n., a channel for water to
flow in; a tube; a pipe.

ayataia, aiyataia, n., a landing place; a
resting place; a landing.

ayamihchi, v. t., to do, John 2: 11; 3: 2.

ayehchi, see aieJtchi.

ayimmi, v. t., to believe in, John 1: 7.

ayoah, see aiyoa.

ayofanichih, v. t., to make motions — in
trying to commit sodomy.

ayuka, pro., each.

ayukali, aiyukali, pro., each one; aiyu
kali, adv., apiece.

ayukpa, a., pleased; isht ayukpa, v. n., to
be pleased with.

ayukpa, n., joy, Acts 8: 8.

ayupi, aiyupi, n., a bath; a place in
which to bathe or wallow, whether in
sand or mud, by man, beast, or fowl; a
pool.

a, a locative particle preceding words;
akanqlli,atakchichitakallo,akaUih,ahpota;
a is often used with such words; a
means place; a, at, to, in.

aba, a., high; heavenly; divine; celes
tial.

aba, v. n., to be up; to be heavenly; amha,
etc.

aba, adv., up; on high; aloft; heavenly,
John 3: 14.

aba, n., the upper regions; heaven, Luke
3: 21; John 3: 27; Matt, 5: 3; 23: 22;
aba akon, the air; aba hashiputa kat, the
birds of the air, Matt. 8: 20; aba cipcli-
cltlka, kingdom of heaven, Matt. 13: 4-4.

aba aholitopa, n., heaven above, Josh.
2: 11.

aba aiachukmaka, n., heaven; the
happy place above.

aba aianumpuli, n., a preaching place;
a pulpit.

aba anumpa, abanumpa, n., the gos
pel, Matt. 11: 5; the Scriptures; tin-
word from heaven; Christianity; re
ligion; faith, i.e., the object of faith;
light; revelation; theology.

aba anumpa ahalaia keyu, a., unchris
tian.

aba anumpa ahni, v. t., to desire the
gospel; to be anxious on the subject of
religion.

aba anumpa ahni, n., a serious person.

aba anumpa aiisht atta, n., a meeting
house; a preaching place.

aba anumpa anumpa, n., a sermon.

aba anumpa apiha at illi, TK, martyr
dom.

aba anumpa innlammi, n., apostasy.

aba anumpa ikhana, n., Christians;
Christianity.

aba anumpa ikithano, n., heathens;
heathenism.

aba anumpa ikyimmo, n., infidelity.

aba anumpa ikyimmo, n., a deist; an
infidel.

aba anumpa issa, v. a. i., to apostatize;
to fall away.

aba anumpa issa, n., an apostate.

aba anumpa issat falama, v. a. i., to
backslide.

aba anumpa issat falama, n., a back
slider.

aba anumpa isht aiamimpuli, n., a
tabernacle.

aba anumpa isht anumpuli, aba anum
pa isht holissochi, v. t., to sermonize;
to preach; n., a preacher; a sermonizer.

aba anumpa isht atta, n., to preach the
gospel; to serve in the gospel.

aba anumpa isht atta, n., a preacher;
a clergyman; a clerk; a divine: an
evangelist; a priest.

aba anumpa isht atta aliha, n.. the
clergy; the ministers of religion.

aba anumpa isht atta imalhtayak,
aba anumpa isht atta aliha, n.,
priesthood.

aba anumpa isht ika, n., a homily.

aba anumpa ithana, n., a theologian.

aba anumpa ithananchi, v. t. . to gospel :
to make the gospel known: to evan
gelize.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

aba anumpa nukfoka, a., serious; de
vout; religious.

aba anumpa nukfoka, v. n., to be
serious, devout, etc.

aba anumpa nukfoka aianli, a., pious;
truly pious.

aba anumpa nukfokichi, v. t., to evan
gel ixe.

aba anumpa taloa, n., church music;
sacred music.

aba anumpa tosholi, n., an evangelist.

aba anumpa yimmi, v. t., to believe
the gospel.

aba anumpa yimmi, n., a professor of or
a believer in the gospel.

aba anumpa yimmi, a., orthodox; re
ligious; aba anumpa ikyimmOj n., an
infidel; scepticism.

aba anumpa yimmi aiaii, a., pious.

aba anumpa yimmi keyu, a., irrelig
ious; not orthodox; heterodox.

aba anumpeshi, abanumpeshi, aba-
numpeshi ammona, n., an apostle.

aba anumpuli, v. t., to preach; to pray;
to talk up; to talk about religion.

aba anumpuli, abanumpuli, n., a
preacher; a praying person; a Chris
tian; a professor of religion; a mis
sionary; a chaplain; a minister.

aba anumpuli aianli, a., godly.

aba anumpuli anli, n., a true Christian.

aba anumpuli apistikeli, n., a pastor;
a bishop.

aba anumpuli alma, n., the church;
all Christians; the church in general.

aba anumpuli ibafoka, v. a, i., to join
a church; to profess religion.

aba anumpuli ibafoka, pp., united to
the church.

aba anumpuli ibaf oki, v. t. , to give up
to the church; to join to the church.

aba anumpuli ikbi, v. t., to christian-
i/e; to make Christians; to convert.

aba anumpuli iksa, n., a church; the
church; a Christian sect or denomina
tion.

aba anumpuli iksa ibafoka, n., a
church member.

aba anumpuli iksa kucha, v. a. i., to
leave a church.

aba anumpuli iksa kucha, pp. , excom
municated.

aba anumpuli iksa kuchi, v. t., to ex
communicate; to unchurch.

aba anumpuli iksa nana isht imashwa
aliha, n., Presbytery.

aba anumpuli iksa nana isht imatta,
n., a Presbyter.

aba anumpuli ilahobbi, n. , a professed
Christian; a pretended Christian; a
hypocrite.

aba anumpuli kobafa, n., an apostate;
a broken Christian.

aba anumpuli kucha, n., an excom
municated person.

aba anumpuli pehcheka alhtoka, n.,
a parson.

aba anumpuli toba, n., a convert.

aba anumpuli toba, v. a. i., to become
a Christian.

aba anumpuli toba, n., conversion.

aba apelichika, n., the kingdom of
heaven, Matt. 8: 11; 11: 11, 12; 16: 19.

aba anya, v. a. i., to waft.

aba chakali, v. a. i. (from aba and aclia-
kali), to lift up the head; to lift up the
eyes, John 4: 35; Matt. 17: 8; Luke 19:
5; Josh. 5: 13; aba pit aba chaJcalimat,
when he had looked up to heaven,
Matt. 14: 19.

aba hatak, n., an angel; an inhabitant
of heaven; a seraph.

aba holitopa, n., a holy one.

aba ia, abia, v. a. i., to ascend; to go up;
to rise; to go to heaven.

Abainki, n., God.

Aba inki imantia, a., godly; one who
obeys (Jod.

Aba inki imasilhha shall, a., prayerful.

aba imma, abema, adv., upward; high.

aba isht aholitobli, v. t., to worship,
John 4: 20, 24.

aba isht aianumpa chuka, n., a syna
gogue, Matt. 10: 17.

aba isht aiokpachi, n., sacrifice, Matt.
9:13; 12: 7; a gift, Matt. 15:5; tribute
for the service of the temple, Matt.
17: 24.

aba isht anumpa, n., a sermon; a reli
gious discourse; a lecture; a discourse.

aba isht anumpuli, v. t., to preach; to
pray for, Matt. 5: 44.

aba isht anumpuli, n., a preacher.

aba isht anya, v. t., to waft.

aba isht holitobli, n., a worshiper.

aba isht ia, v. t., to hoist; to lift; to
mount; to raise; to carry up; to rear;
to weigh.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OP THE CITOCT.AW LANGUAGE

73

aba isht ikahobalo, v.t., to blaspheme.
aba isht ikahobalo, n., a blasphemer,
aba isht ona, v. t., to take on high; to

carry to heaven.

aba iti patalhpo, n., a chamber.
aba minko, n., the king of heaven;

the heavenly king.
aba minti, v. a. i., to descend from

heaven,
aba patalhpo, n., an upper floor; a

chamber floor.
Aba pinki, n., God; our Father in heaven;

Providence; Divine Providence.
aba pila, v. t., to heave; to throw up; to

toss.

aba pila, n., a toss; a heaver,
aba pila, adv., upward.
aba pilla, adv., upward; on high; away

up; far up; heavenward; to heaven; in

heaven,
aba pit anumpuli, v. t., to pray; to

speak toward heaven, Matt. 17: 21.
aba shilombish, n., an angel; a spirit

of heaven.
aba shutik, n., heaven, Matt, 5: 34; 1

Sam. 2: 10.

aba takali,v. a. i., to hang up; to depend.
aba takali, pp., hung up; suspended;

lifted up; a., dependent.
aba takalichi, v. t., to heave; to hang

up; to lift up, John 3: 14; to uplift.
aba taloa, n., a hymn; a psalm; a sacred

song.
aba tala, n., a mantel piece; a shelf; a

scaffold; a scaffolding; see tala, from

talali, to set or place.
aba tala boli, v. t., to scaffold; to put on

a scaffold,
aba tala ikbi, v. t., to scaffold; to make

a scaffold.

aba topa, n., an altar,
aba yakni, n., heaven, Matt. 6: 20; 18: 10.
aba yakni aholitopa, aba yakni nan

isht ilaiyukpa, n., glory; the felicity of

heaven prepared for the children of God.
aba yakni pila, adv., heavenward,
abai anumpuli chuka, n., a temple,

Luke 2: 27; a church; a meeting house.
abana, v. a. i., to lie across; to rise; qba-

naya, qb<maii/a, pro. form.
abana, pp. , laid across.
abana, n., that which lies across.
abanali, abanoli, v. t. sing., to lay across;

to layover or on; to put on, as a yoke;

bahta yan abanoli, to lay a bag on.

abanapoa, pp. pi., passed over; put over.

abanapolechi, v. t., to put over; to cause
to go over, or pass over.

abanapoli, v. a. i., to pass over.

abanabli, auanabli, tanabli, v. t. siug.,
to pass over; to leap over; to go over;
to run over; to get over; to overreach;
to superabound; to go past the time; to
jump; to leap; to overflow; to overgo;
to overrun; to pass; to surmount; to
transcend; to transgress.

abanablichi, v. t., to cause to go over;
to put over; to defer; to adjourn ; to pro
rogue; to delay; to overreach; to post
pone; to procrastinate;; to reprieve; to
respite.

abanablit ont ia, n., the Passover, Josh.
5:10, 11.

abanapa, pp. sing., passed over; put
over; delayed; postponed; reprieved;
respited; from qbanqbli, v. a, i.

abanapa, n., a respite.

abanapa, v. a. i., to delay; to procrasti
nate; siqbanqpa, I procrastinate; nitak
hollo acJiqfa siabanapa keyuknia, if I do
not delay a week.

abanoli, see abanali.

abanopoli, pi., to go over; to walk over,
Luke 11: 44; abanobli, sing.

abanumpa, see aba anumpa.

abanumpeshi, see aba anumpesliL

abanumpeshi ammona, see aba anum-
peshi.

abaona, pp., raised.

abbaksha, see abaksha.

abema, see aba in nn a.

abenili, see abenlli.

abi, abi, v. t,, to kill, Matt. 10: 28; to
slay; to destroy, Matt, 2: 13; to butcher;
to deprive of life; to dispatch; to slaugh
ter; to martyr; to win at a game of
chance; to murder; ahliabi, to kill
quickly (<ihbi, aiabi, ahambi, ambi}',
iambi to win from him or to beat him;
he wins from him ; to put to death. Matt.
14: 5; aiabi, to smite of, Josh. 7: 5;
qbi'li, ithbi, abi, ebi, ilohqbi, ItqsJibi,
'abi; akbo, chikbo, ikbo, kebo, kllolmbo,
liqcliiklxt, iksabo, ikpebo, etc.; itinmbl, to
kill each other; ilebi, to kill himself; to
commit suicide, John 8: 22; ib'bi, n.,
self-murder; suicide; nhambi, freq.,
Josh. 10: 10.

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BUEEAU OF AMEKICAX ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

abi, n., a killer; a slayer; a murderer.

abi, n., slaughter; the killing; destruction.

abi, v. n., to be sick with certain dis
eases, generally cutaneous, or to have
the disease, etc. ; as chiliswa abi, to have
the measles; chilakva abi, to have the
smallpox; chinak abi, to have the pleu
risy; wqslikqbi, to have the itch; wak-
cha abi, to have the venereal disease;
pahi abi, Luke 5: 24.

abia, abaia, v. a. i., to mount; to ascend.

abichi, v. t., "to smite," 1 Sam. 5: 12.

abit apa, v. t., to prey upon; to kill and
eat.

abit apa shali, a., rapacious.

abit tali, v. t., to destroy; to kill all; to
cut off.

abitampa, n., a male fairy; a hobgoblin;
one who kills.

aboa, v. t., to strike against; to fall
against; to knock; to bunt; wak at
yilepa mat itaboa; hatak at itulat ia cha
chuka yan aboa; chukfi itibik mat itaboa
hoka.

abonumpuli, see aba anumpuli.

achafoa, a., a few and scattering; not
many.

achafoa, v. n., to be few and scattering;
qchafonha, nasal form.

achafoachi, v. t., to cause a few; to
select or take a few; to cause a few to
be taken, etc.

achafolechi, v. t. caus., to select a few;
to single out.

achafoli, v. t., to take a few.

affekoma; osapa affekoma, n., a large field.

affekomi, a., mischievous; impatient;
exceeding; superabounding; large; see
ftfekommi.

affekomi, v. n., to be mischievous;
cJdto kqt qffekomi fehna and ditto kat
atampa feJma mean the same.

affetabli, v. t. sing., to ensnare; to en
chant to his ruin or death.

affetipa, afetipa (q. v. ), a., enchanted;
greatly interested; captivated.

affetipoa, a. pi., ensnared; enchanted
to his ruin or death.

affetipoa, v. n., to be ensnared.

affetipoli, v.t. pi., to ensnare; to enchant.

affoa, afoa, v. a. i., to wind round.

affoa, afoha, pp., wound round, John
20: 7; furled; see afoa.

affula, pp., stirred; thickened while
cooking; aiqlit manya kakon, from that
(time) forth; see afulli.

ahokunfa, n., piece cut off.

aholloka, see ahoUoka.

ahoyo, see ohoyo.

ala, v. a. i., to arrive at, when coming
toward the speaker or place spoken of;
as ona, to arrive at in going from the
speaker; to touch; to come; to come
to; to get there; to get here; to get to;
to attain, Matt. 8: 2, 11, 25; 11: 14; 17:
7, 10; ahanlat, Josh. 7: 14; aiqla, pi.
and intensive; hqchimaiqla, come to
you, Matt. 7: 15; alali, ishla, ala, efa,
ilohqla, hqshla, ala; aiyala, aiyala, and
a'njahanla; itqlacJii, for twro to arrive
together; -isht ala, v. t., to fetch; to re
duce; to bring, Matt, 12: 22; to take
it and come; ont isht ala, to go and bring;
to go and take it and come.

ala, n., an arrival; a pass.

ala, n., one who arrives or comes; a
comer; himo ala, one who has just
come; a new comer.

alachi; itqlachi, to arrive together (dual).

alba, n., vegetation; herbs; plants; weeds.

albachi, v. a. i., to practice; to make ex
periments; to be instructed, Matt. 13:
52.

albala, pp., gleaned.

alballi, v. t., to glean; to gather up the
remnants or fragments.

alballi, n., a gleaner; a gleaning.

albana, v. a. i., to lie across; see aba-
nali.

albana, pp. pi., laid across; atom', v. t. pi.

albani, v. a. i., to cure over a fire; abani,
v. t.

albani, pp., cured; isi nipi at albani; tak-
kon at albani; abani, v. t.

albani, n., that which is cured.

albankachi, pi. ; hina at qlbqnkqchi.

albasa, n., lath.

albaska, n., lath.

albaska, pp., lathed; ribbed, as a roof;
dbqsli, v. t.

albehkachi, v. a. i. pi., to repeat; it-
qlbehfMchi, Phil. 2: 27.

albehpo, n., a sack of some kind, .Matt.
2: 11.

albi, aialbi, aiilli, aialli, n., cost; price;
a price, 2 Sam. 24: 24; tanchi albi.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

75

albi, pp., valued; perhaps from qbi.

albichi, v. t., to price; to set a price; to
value, John 12: 5.

albiha, pp., charged; stuffed.

albiha, n., a charge; a load.

albiha atapa, n., an overcharge; an over
load.

albihkachi, pp. pi., put in; put on, as
garments.

albilli, v. t. pi., to repeat; to add; to put
on another thickness; it albilli, Matt.
6:7; itisldma albillit umpohomo; nafoka
albillit f oka; shukbo albillit patali

albina, n., a camp, Josh. 6: 11; an en
campment; a host, Josh. 3: 2.

alhinachi, albinanchi, v. t., to camp;, to
encamp; to pitch a camp.

albita, pp., repeated; done twice; tanclti
at albitat holokchi; albitat holisso, copied;
anumpa hat hituklaha albitat anumpuli.

albita, n., a repetition, Rev. 18: 6; v. a. L,
to be double.

albitat holisso, pp., copied; rewritten.

albitat holisso, n., a copy.

albitat holokchi, pp., replanted.

albiteli, v. t., to repeat; to double; to
iterate.

albiteli, n., an iteration.

albitelichi, v. t., to double; to make
double, Rev. 18: 6.

albitet anoli, v. t., to repeat the story;
to relate a second time; to recapitulate.

albitet hokchi, v. t., to replant.

albitet holissochi, v. t., to copy; to
write over again; to transcribe.

albitet ikbi, v. t., to renew.

albitet pisa, v. t., to review.

albitet shanni, v. t., to double and twist.

albitet yammichi, v. t., to redouble.

albitkachi, pp. pi., repeated; having
other covers or coats; itqlbitkqchi, John
1: 16; albilli v. t.

albo, v. a. i., to adhere; to stick, as glue
or mud; lukfi at ashoboli yan albo; itiqlbo
v. a. i., to cohere; itiqlbot off'o, v. a. i.,
to coalesce.

albo, pp., soldered; made to stick or ad
here; glued; itiqlbo, glued together.

albochi, v. t. sing., to solder; to cause to
adhere; to set with putty; to glue; to
stick; isJit isliko an albochi, to solder a
cup; italbochi, to solder together; to
glue.

albokaohi, v. t. pi., to solder; to fasten
in with putty; itqlbokqchi, to solder to
gether.

albonli, almoli, v. i., to catch; to take
infection; itcilbonli; itqlmo/i.

alhchakaya, n., an addition; a piece
spliced on.

alhchakaya, a., additional; something
added; anumpci alhchakaya.

alhchaba, n., a log lying across a creek
used as a foot bridge.

alhchaka, pp. sing., spliced; new set;
new laid or welded, as an iron tool;
welded.

alhchakoa, pp. pi., spliced; welded.

alhchefa, pp., washed (from achefn, to
wash).

alhchiba, a., tedious; tiresome; requir
ing or consuming time; slow in accom
plishment; qlhchielxi, Gen. 40: 4.

alhchiba, v. n., to be tedious, tiresome,
or slow.

alhchifa, pp., washed, John 13: 10.

alhchilofa, pp., paid; liquidated; ikalh-
chilqfo, a., unpaid.

alhchowa, see qlhchunwa.

alhchunna, a., cheap; low.

alhchunna, v. n., to be cheap.

alhchunnachi, v. t., to cheapen; to
lower; to sink.

alhchunwa, alhchowa, pp., sewn;
stitched; sewed; itqlhchunwq, sewn to
gether; sewed.

alhchunwa, n., that which is sewn.

alhfabek imma, adv., on the left hand;
toward the left.

alhfabeka, n., the left, Luke 23: 33;
Matt. 6:3.

alhfasha, pp., fastened; latched; okhis-
sat alhfasha; afqshli, v. t.

alhfoa, n., a ligature; a bandage.

alhfoa,pp., wound round; bound round;
reeled; hooped; afoli, v. t.

alhfula, pp., stirred, as a liquid with a
stick; afulli, v. t.

alhfullinchi, v. a.i., qlhfulWiinchi, to com
pass, Matt. 23: 15.

alhkaha, pp., laid down.

alhkama, pp., sing, stopped up; fastened
up; calked; barred; aboha qlhkqma ; ok-
hissa yat qlhkqwa. Josh. 2: 5; shut up,
Josh. 6: 1; see akama.

alhkama, a., fast.

76

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

alhkania, a., gone; forgotten; pass, of
kqnia of the form aUitalut.

alhkania, v. n., to forget; chimqlhkania,
you have forgotten it.

alhkata, pp., patched; botched; mended;
clouted; akkalli, v. t.

alhkata, n., a patch; a botch; a clout; isht
alhkata, a patch.

alhkoha, pp., molded, as pottery; shaped;
plated, as metals with silver; shuti at
qllikolia; ampo at alhkoha; lukfi nuna yqt
alhkoha; tali holisso lakna isht alhkoha,
plated with gold; akkoli, v. t.

alhkomo, v. a. i., to dissolve; to melt,
as salt, sugar, etc.

alhkomo, pp., dissolved, as sugar in wa
ter; ikqlhkomo, a., undissolved; unmelt-
ed; okomo, v. t.

alhkomoa, pp. pi., stopped up; calked;
barred; ctbolia alhkomoa; haksobisJi alh
komoa.

alhkucha, n.,the balance; the remainder;
an odd one, Num. 3: 48; shulush alhku
cha, an odd shoe; waktoksqli alhkucha,
an odd steer.

alhkuna, ri., a gown; a dress for a lady;
cf. the alconand of French writers.

alhkuna falaia, n., a long gown; a frock;
a slip.

alhkuna kolofa, n., a petticoat.

alhpatak, n., a fan made of a wing.

alhpesa, n., convenience; decency;
sufficiency; an execution; fairness; fit
ness; reason.

alhpesa, alhpisa, a., proper; suitable;
enough; sufficient, Matt. 6: 34; lawful,
Matt. 12: 2; 14: 4; right, Matt. 11: 26;
Luke 6: 2; straight, Luke 3: 5; John,
4: 17; necessary; worthy, Matt. 10: 11,
13; John 1: 27; comely; commodious;
compatible; competent; consistent;
convenient; correct; decent; decorous;
due; eligible; fair; fit; honest; just;
justifiable; lawful, Matt. 12: 12; legal;
meet, Matt. 15: 26; moderate; passable;
reasonable; scrupulous; seemly; staple;
timely; profitable, Matt. 5: 29; qlhpin8a}
tolerable, Matt. 11: 22, 24; -Heath peso,
wicked, Matt. 12: 45; disagreeable;
ill; erroneous; inadvisable; imqlhplxa,
John 1: 14 [?] ; itqllipcsa, respond
ing; agreeing together.

alhpesa, v. n., to be proper, etc., Matt.
5:5; it is enough, 2 Sam. 24: 16.

alhpesa, alhpisa, pp., measured; deter
mined; agreed; appointed; accom
plished; concluded; corrected; decided;
decreed; effected; enacted; established;
suited; surveyed; estimated; exe
cuted; filled; fulfilled; gaged; gauged;
judged; justified; ordered; passed, as a
law; reconciled; regulated; resolved;
settled; stipulated; nitak alhpisa, an ap
pointed day; ikalhpeso, evil, Matt. 12:
35; idle, Matt. 12: 36: imalhpisa, pp.,
judged; imalhpesa, a., contented; agree
able to him; ont alhpesa, pp., passed;
ikimalhpeso, a., dissatisfied; unallowed;
uncommanded; ikimalhpesochi, ikitnqlh-
pexacho, to dissatisfy; ikalhpeso, a. , ille
gal; illicit; improper; inadmissible; in
correct; unapproved; unapt; unbecom
ing; undignified; undue; unfit; ungen-
teei; unmeasured; unreasonable; un
seasonable; unseemly; unsuitable; un-
suited; wrong; wrongful: alhpisaliekeyu,
a., immeasurable; ikalhpeso, n., an im
propriety; a wrong; ikalhpeso, adv., un
duly; alhpiesa keyu, n., injustice; itim-
qlhpesahe kej/u, a., irreconcilable; alh
piesa, adv., justly; imalhpesa, to please;
to feel pleased; ikimqlhpeso, v. a. i.,
to repine; ikimqlhpeso, n., a repiner.

alhpesa, v. a. i., to become, Matt. 3: 15;
to behoove, Luke 4: 43; to eventuate;
itqlhplsa, to respond; to suit; to be lik
ened to, Matt. 7: 26.

alhpesa, adv., well; very well; comely;
fairly; rightly; well done.

alhpesa, v. a. i., to do or be right; ish-
qlhpem, Acts 10: 33.

alhpesa achi, v. a. i., to approve; to ap
probate (rather, to express approba
tion), as red men do when they approve
of a talk.

alhpesa ahni, alhpiesa ahni, v. a. i.,
to acquiesce; to comply; to consent; to
be willing; to feel contented; alhpesa
'ixhahnthokmqt, if thou wilt, Matt, 8: 2;
(ilhpi'mi almilixhkc, I will, Matt, 8: 3.

alhpesa miha, v. a. i., to assent.

alhpesali, v. a. i; see ikqUtpesalo, fraud,
James 5:4; to be true or virtuous, Mark
10: 11; ohoi/o qlhpesali, a virtuous wo
man.

alhpesashke, even so, Matt. 11: 26.

alhpesachi, v. t., to correct; to humor;
to justify; nnqUqnesqclii, to right; ikitim-

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77

qlhpesacho, Matt. 10: 35; ikimalhpesochi,
to grieve.

alhpesachi, n., a justifier.

alhpi, n., a wooden spoon; a horn spoon;
nakqlhpi, a pewter spoon.

alhpichik, n., a nest; a bird's nest; ap
plied to birds, squirrels, hogs, and
bears, alhpichik at imasha hoke, have
nests, Matt. 8: 20.

alhpichik ikbi, v. t., to nest; to make a
nest.

alhpiesa, v. a. i., to fay; to suit exactly;
aialhpesa, suitable, Matt. 6:11; worthy;
siqlhpesa keyu hoke, I am not worthy,
Matt. 8: 8.

alhpiesa, a., deliberate; exact; nice; pat;
precise; respectable; strict; alhjnesasJike,
John 1: 12 [?] italhpisashke, shall be
likened; Matt. 7: 26; iltimqlhpieso, of
fended, Matt. 15: 12; Luke 3: 14.

alhpinkachi, n., a pile of corn piled like
cord wood.

alhpisa, pass, of apesa, to be judged,
Matt. 7: 2; measured, Josh. 3: 4.

alhpisa, n., a decision; an estimate; a
fulfillment; an institution; a judgment;
a justification; a measure; an ordi
nance; a plot; a scheme; a standard; a
stint; a stipulation; a measure, Matt.
13: 33.

alhpishechichi, v. t. , to prepare a pillow
for another, 1 Sam. 19: 13.

alhpishi, n., a pillow.

alhpishi, v. a. i., to pillow; alhpishi hosh
itonla tok, 1 Sam. 19: 16.

alhpishi af oka, n., a pillow case; a pil
low-bier.

alhpishi falaia, n., a bolster; a long
pillow.

alhpishi inshukcha, n., a pillow case;
a pillow-bier.

alhpitta, pp., loaded; charged; put in,
Matt. 6: 30; qlhpinta (nas. form).

alhpitta, n., a load; a charge; isht
alhpitta, n., wadding; some say noki
impatqlhpo.

alhpoa, alhpoba, alhpowa, n., domestic
animals; fruit trees, such as are culti
vated; produce; cattle; stock; live
stock; a pet.

alhpoa, pp., espoused, Matt. 1: 18; bo-
spoken for; domesticated; raised;
saved, as a tree or plant; tamed; itiin-
qlhpoba, espoused to each other.

alhpoa aiimpa, n., a pasture.

alhpoa apistikeli, n., a pas-tor; a herds
man.

alhpoa foni, n., a rack; the fraim- of
bones of an animal.

alhpoa ilhpita, pp., foddered.

alhpoa imilhpak, n., fodder; forage.

alhpoa imilhpak itannali, v. t., to
forage.

alhpoa ipeta, v. t., to fodder.

alhpoachi, alhpolachi, v. t., to heap up
dirt or ashes around anything.

alhpoba, see alhpoa.

alhpoba, a., exotic; tame.

alhpoba hinla, a., tamable.

alhpohomo, v. a. i., to be laid on or cov
ered.

alhpolachi, see alhpoachi.

alhpolosa, . pp., daubed; plastered;
pitched; smeared apolnsli v. t.

alhpowa, see alhpoa.

alhpoyak, n., goods; wares; merchan
dise; a commodity; manufactures;
stuff; alhpoyak oklushinlaaiishtqla, v. t.,
to import goods, Matt. 17: 25.

alhpoyak aiasha, n., a store; a store
room; a store house.

alhpoyak holisso, n., an inventory.

alhpoyak ikbi, n., a manufacturer.

alhpoyak shali, n., a peddler; one who
carries goods.

alhpoyak toba, pp., manufactured.

alhpunfa, pp., blown into; blowed;
breathed in; inspired; puffed.

alhpunfa chuhrni, a,, puffy.

alhpusha, pp., roasted; broiled; toasted;
aln' qllipusha; nip I alhpusha.

alhpusha, n., a roast.

alhtaha, v. a. i., to ripen; hqchim-
qllitaha, prepare you, Josh. 1:11.

alhtaha, a., pp., ready; prepared; done;
finished; completed; complete; con
summated; expert; fitted; forward;
furnished; matured; ripened; aiimqlh-
taha, Matt. 13: 54, 56; thorough, Josh.
1: 14; 8: 4; ikqlhtaho, a., imperfect;
undone; unexecuted; incomplete; un
finished; imqlhtalia, pp., qualified; ik-
imqlhtaho, a., unprepared; unready;
unsupplied.

alhtaha, v. n., to be ready; to end; to
finish; to get through or to be so;
cliinriUitaJia, you are ready; anumpuli
cldntqlhtaha, have you done talking?

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alhtaha, n., accomplishment; readiness;
a consummation; fullness; maturity;
preparation; ripeness.

alhtaha hinla, a., handy.

alhtakla, a., bereaved; without friends,
kindred, parents, etc.; forlorn; ohoyo
alhtakla, a widow; a bereaved woman;
alia alhtakla, an orphan child.

alhtakla, v. n., to be bereaved.

alhtakla, n., bereavement; orphanage;
an orphan.

alhtaklachi, v. t., to bereave.

alhtaloa, n., a song; a hymn.

alhtaloak, n., a song; see Rev. 15: 3,
Moses imalhtaloak.

alhtampa, n., overplus; surplus; bal
ance; remainder.

alhtanafo, n., the rim of a cane basket.

alhtayak, n., character;- profession;
calling; nature; imalhtayak, his calling.

alhtalwa, pp., sung; ikalhtalwo, a., un
sung.

alhtalwak, ilhtalwak, n., a song; a
ditty; a hymn; note, 2 Chron. 29: 27.

alhtannafo, pp., woven; plaited;
braided.

alhtekachi, v. t., to press down, Luke
6: 38.

alhtipo, n., a tent; a pavilion; a booth;
a lodge; a tilt; a tabernacle, 1 Sam. 2:
22; Josh. 7: 21, 22; 2 Cor. 5: 1.

alhtipo, a., tented; alhtipo asha, tented.

alhto, v. a. i. pi., to be in; to stand in,
Matt. 2: 12; from ani, v. t., ibalhto, Matt.
13: 49; Josh. 10: 1; peni alhto, Matt. 14:
13; il a I alhto, we are in here; anlhto, nasal
form, being in, John 21: 8; Matt. 4: 21.
Cf. also Matt. 14: 32.

alhto, v. t., to hold; to contain.

alhto, pp., poured in; put in; from ani,
v. t., to pour in; ibalhto, mixed, Matt.
13: 49; it ibalhto, mixed together.

alhto, n., lading.

alhtoba, v. a. i.. to be in the place of
another; to be in the stead of; to suc
ceed; to be sold, Matt. 10: 29; akchi-
aUitoba, let me take your place; imqlh-
tomba, have their reward Matt. 6: 2,
5, 16.

alhtoba, adv., instead.

alhtoba, a., vicarious; expiatory.

alhtoba, n., pay; wages; hire; price,
Matt. 13:46; reward, Matt. 5:12; rec
ompense: postage; a charge; ferriage;

pilotage; carriage; freight, etc.; com
pensation; damages; a disbursement;
expense; a fee; fees; a fine; alien; meed;
merit; payment; a premium; a prize;
remuneration; a render; a reward;
room or stead; salary; salvage; satis
faction; a stipend; toll; value; see ishl
alhtoba.

alhtoba, n., atonement.

alhtoba, n., a deputy; a proxy; a substi
tute; a succeed er; a successor.

alhtoba, pp., refunded; remunerated; re
warded; paid; recompensed; avenged;
revenged; atoned; compensated; de
frayed; exchanged; expiated; liqui
dated; italhtoba, exchanged; ikalhtobo,
a., unpaid; unrepaid; unrewarded.

alhtoba chito, n., highness; dearness;
high price.

alhtoba hinla, a., expiable; expiatory;
imqlhtoba hinla, a., rewardable.

alhtoba hosh ishi, v. t., to supplant.

alhtobat atta, n., a vicegerent.

alhtoboa, v. a. i. pi., to take the place
of; to take turns with; italhtoboa sholit
isht anya, to take turns in carrying it;
italhtoboa, to exchange with each other;
to reciprocate; italhtoboa, n., rotation;
itaUitoboachi, v. t., to transpose.

alhtohno, ilhtohno, pp., hired; en
gaged; employed; hatak ilhtohno, a
hired man.

alhtohno, ilhtohno, n., a hireling.

alhtoka, alhtuka, pp., pointed out; set
apart; sent, John 3: 28; authorized;
appointed; delegated; deputed; elected;
selected; nominated; ordained; voted;
to be taken, Josh. 7: 16, 17, 18; hatak
alhtoka, a committee; atokuli, v. t.

alhtoka, n., authority; appointment; a
delegate; elect; the Messiah; the
anointed; Jesus Christ; an ordina
tion.

alhtokoa, alhtokowa, pp., pointed out;
set, Luke 2: 34; commissioned.

alhtoshoa, alhtoshowa, pp., removed
from one place to another; translated;
construed; rendered into; interpreted,
Matt. 1: 23; explained.

alhtosholi, v. t., to transfer; to remove;
to translate; to interpret; to construe;
to render into.

alhtosholi, n., a translator.

alhtuka, see alhtoka.

BYINGTO"^]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

79

alhtuka keyu, a., unengaged.

alia, n., a child; children, Matt. 14: 21; a
brat (a low word); a papoose; hachim-
qlla, your children, Matt. 7: 11; alia
yosh, children, Matt. 11: 16.

alia, v. a. i., to be a child; slqlla, I am a
child; chialla, thou art a child; slalla
ma, when I was a child; nasal form anla.

alia aiimpa,alla aiishko, n., a porringer;
a basin for a child.

alia anusi, n., a child's bed; a cradle;
a crib.

alia anusi foki, v. t., to cradle.

alia apistikeli, v. t., to watch or nurse
children; to nurse.

alia apistikeli, n., a nurse.

alia ayupi, n., a bathing place for chil
dren.

alia alhtakla, n., an orphan; a bereaved
child without father or mother.

alia chipunta, n., young children; small
children.

alia ch.uh.mi, a., child like; puerile.

alia eshachin inpalammi, v. a. i., to
labor; to travail.

alia eshi, alleshi, v. t,, to bear children;
to bring forth a child; to have a child;
"to be confined."

alia eshi, n., childbearing.

alia haksi, n. , "asaucebox;" a torn boy;
an urchin.

alia himmita, n., a stripling.

alia holisso pisa, n., a pupil; pupilage;
a schoolboy.

alia infoka, v. a. i., to conceive; to be
come pregnant.

alia inki iksho, a., base born; illegiti
mate.

alia inki iksho, n., a bastard; an illegiti
mate.

alia ikimiksho, a., childless; barren,
Luke 23: 29.

alia ilahobbi, allilahobbi, a., acting
like a child; pretending to be a child;
puerile; childish.

alia isht aiopi, n., the youngest child;
the last child.

alia isht illi, v. a. i., to die in childbed.

alia nakni, n., a boy; a male child; a
chap; a lad; a shaver; a son; a male
infant; see Matt, 1: 21, 22; Luke 1: 13,
where alia nakni is the translation of

alia oka isht imokissa, n., pedo-bap-

tism; infant baptism (the old form of

expression ) .

alia pishechi, v. t, to suckle a child.
alia sholi, v. t., to bring forth a child;

to dandle.

alia sholi, n., a nurse,
alia tek, n., a girl; a female child; a lass.
alia tek haksi, n., a romp; a rude girl.
alia tek holisso pisa, n., a school maid.
alia toba, n., adoption.
alia tomba, n., childhood.
alia tomba, v. n., to be in the state of a

child; alia satombama illitok.
alia yakni pataffi, n., a plow boy.
allahe! interjection of displeasure, used

by the ancients in scolding children.
allachi, causative form; HaUachi, to make

himself a child,
alleh, ali, hale, exclam. of distress,

uttered by children when in pain; oh!

oh, dear!

alleshi, see alia eshi.
allikchi, alikchi (q. v.), n., a doctor; a

physician; a curer.
allilahobbi, see alia ilahobbi.
alloluat, see alolua.
allonsabi, n., infanticide.
allota, see alola.
allunsi, allonsi, alosi, n., an infant; a

babe; a baby; a papoose; a suckling,,

Matt. 2: 8, 11; Luke 18: 15; alosi puta

han, Matt, 11:25.
almachi, n., a fan.
almo, pp. pi., trimmed; cut; picked;

pulled; mown; reaped; clipped; crop
ped; sheared; shorn.
almo, n., that which is picked, etc.
almochi, n., cream; scum,
almoli, see albonli.
alosi, see allunsi.

alwasha, v. a.i., to fry; to parch, as coffee,
alwasha, pp., fried; parched; poached;

toasted, Josh. 5: 11; nipi at alwasha;

kqfi at alwasha.
aleha, see aliha.
ali, v. a. i., to end; out aiqli and il-

aiali; ikali, to verge; out all, to eventuate;

to terminate,
ali, n., the edge, end, limit, boundary,

line, borne or bourne; the extent; the

margin; the mete; the verge; a wing;

a border, Josh. 4: 19; yqmmqt imali;

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yqmmokosh imqli; yqinmak osh qli, etc.;
isJit imqiekashkeh, take him to the edge
or verge of, Matt. 5: 21, 22.

alichi, v. t., to end; out aialichi, Josh.

' 5:3.

aliha, aleha, n. pi., all; the whole; the
whole company; each one and all of,
Luke 6: 17; Matt. 5: 1; 12: 2, 46; 13: 49;
17: 6, 10; it differs from "all" in that
it directs the mind to each one; tqshka
qlihama, the body of warriors. This
word is added to nouns to indicate plu
rality of persons and sometimes of
things. See Matt. 2: 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16,
17, 18, 23; (of wolves), nashobaisikopa
qleha, see Matt. 7: 15; qleha hat is dis
tributive; qleha yqt is collective.

alipila, adv., toward the end.

alipilla, at the end; away to the end;
outmost.

am, my, pre. pos. pro. 1st per. sing, in
the nom. case before a noun beginning
with a vowel, as qmisuba, my horse,
Matt. 2: 6; John 2: 2.

am, pre. per. pro. 1st per. sing, in the
dative case before verbs beginning with
a vowel or diphthong, and to be ren
dered often with a prep, in Eng. as of
me, to me, for me; qmia, qmanumpuli,
qinanoli, qmaianll, qmachi, "saith unto
, me," Matt. 7: 21.

am, I, per. pro. 1st per. sing, before a
neuter verb formed from an adj., as am-
okjmlo, I am mad; "to me evil;" see
cJtim, John 1 : 33.

am, used before verbs when removed
from the noun, as isuhat qniilli, qllat qm-
illi, instead of qmqllnl illi.

ama, to give me; from ima, to give or to
give him; chikmino, neg. form; ikemo,
he did not give him; issiaiqmashke,
give thou me, Matt. 14: 8.

amafo, n., my grandfather and his bro
thers, including their father, grand
fathers, etc., male cousins and their
paternal ancestors; my father-in-law,
i. e., the father of a woman's husband,
the proper appellation for a woman
to use in speaking to her husband's
father; cltitnafo, inntfo, )>!rn<tfo, etc.

amalak, n., my sister's husband; my
brother-in-law.

amalak usi, n., my wife's brother; my
brother-in-law.

amalak usi ohoyo, n., my wife's sister;
my sister-in-law.

amanni, n., my brother, and one older
than the brother who speaks; my
brother who is older than myself.

amanni, n. , my sister, and one older than
the sister who speaks; my sister who
is older than myself (always both per
sons are of the same gender).

amifn, a., equal in size and age.

amim, v. n., to be equal in size and age.

amintafi v. t., to open; to cut open, as
the carcass of a hog; qmint'qfa, pp; see
mitqffi, from which these are derived.
qmintoli, pi.

amishoa, v. a. i. sing., to rub against.

amishofa, pp., rubbed; rubbed against.

amishom, v. t., to cause to rub against
and pass by; to cause to graze; iti
chanqlli at id an qmishonfa, the wagon
was rubbed against the tree.

amishokachi, pp. pi., rubbed off; shqpo
at qmishokqchit hishi taha.

amisholichi, v. t. pi., to rub against;
suba hat shukcha yan iti an qmisholichit
okpqni fehna.

ammi, a., my; mine.

ammi, v. n., to be mine, Matt. 10: 37.

ammi keyu achi, v. t., to disclaim; to
disown.

ammi toba, v. a. i., to become mine,
Luke 4: 6.

ammona, a.., incipient.

ammona, n., the beginning; the dawn;
the commencement; ammona ataha
aiena kqt iksJio, a., eternal; n.., eternity.

ammona, adv., first, Matt. 12: 45; Josh.
8 : 5; qmmonakano, Matt. 8: 21.

ammona isht ia, v. a. i., to rise.

amo, v. t. pi., (tabli, sing), to pick; to
pull; to trim; to mow; to reap, Matt.
6: 26; to cut; to clip; to gather, Luke
6: 44; to cut off; to crop; to rid; to
shear; to slip; j><tnki an <iiqnto, gather
grapes of, Matt. 7: 16; sltumqti akon
aiqrno, gather of thistles.

amo, n., a gatherer; a picker; a shearer.

amohmi, v. i., to do anything entirely,
utterly, and absolutely, Matt. 5: 34;
iksJiok fnnoliini; ikxltoka qmohrni (for
ikshokqmohmi, as often heard) there is
none at all; qmohmichi, qmohminchi,
cans., 1 Sam. 15: 3; Josh. 10: 1; 11: 11,
12, 20, 21.

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

81

amohoyo, n., my woman; my wife.

amombalaha, n., my brother-in-law,
i. e., my husband's brother, his uncles
and nephews (language of a woman).

amoshi, amoshshi, n., my uncle, i. e.,
my mother's brother or brothers and
male cousins.

anankosh, pro., I. the one who.

ani, v. a. i., to bear fruit; to yield fruit;
to bring forth fruit, Matt. 7: 17; ana-
he keyukma, when it can not bear fruit,
Matt. 7: 18; ani chatuk; qnikmqt, Matt.
13:23; ahani, Ps. 1: 3.

ani, n., fruit of the berry kind; a berry;
a nut; fruit in general, Matt. 7: 16.

ani, v. t., to pour into a vessel; to infuse;
Hani, in yourselves, Mark 9:50; pass.
qlhto.

ani chilofa, n., a windfall.

anit wanya, v. t., to bring forth fruit,
Luke 3:9; Matt. 13: 8.

annoa, annoa, anoa, (q. v.), n.,fame.

annoa, anoa (q. v. ), pp., noised.

annoachi, see anoachi.

annonto, pro., as for me.

ano, I, me, mine, Matt. 5: 11; quo qto,
Matt. 5: 22, 32, 34, 39, 44; 17: 27;
ano an, me, Matt. 11: 6; qno qkinli,
myself; compounds: qnonkosh; annon
to; qnonto; see ano.

apa, v. t., to mouth.

apa, v. a. i., v. t., to eat; generally used
when speaking of a single article of
food; when a meal or several articles
is spoken of, the word impa is used;
to fare; to feed; to pick, Matt. 15: 32;
onush apa, onush qlwasha apa, Josh. 5:
11, 12; qpqt isht ia, began to eat, Matt.
12: 1; Josh. 5: 11; ikpo, Matt. 15: 32;
ampa, ahampa, ahampahi oke, shall be
gnashing, Matt. 8: 12; noti ahampa,
Matt. 13:42, 50; apa is an irreg. verb, like
qbiand ala; conj.: apali, ishpa, apa, epa
(Matt, 6: 31); ilohqpa, hqshpa, apa, akpo,
chikpo, ikpo, kepo, kilohapo, hqchikpo,
ikpo; sapa, eat me, John 6: 57;
okapanki pqska isht qlhpim apa, to
commune; qpqt tall, v. t., to devour;
qpqt pisa, v. t., to taste; qpqt ikpeso, a.,
un tasted.

apa, n., food.

apa, n., an eater.

apa kitinisi, n., a morsel.

apanuknla, n., a whirlwind.

84339°— Bull. 46—15 6

apanuknla, v. a. i., to blow, as a whirl
wind.

apat tali, v. t., to devour; to consume.

api, n., the stalk; a vine; a handle; a tree;
a cob; a helve; a haft; a trunk; a body;
a leg; a blade, Matt. 13: 26; a straw;
a spire; the warp or chain of cloth as
woven; a staff; a stock; ahqpi, a potato
vine; aiomanili qpi, a chair leg; hihi
qjn, a mulberry tree; dmhaji!, a hoe
handle; hqshuk qpi, a spear or blade of
grass; iskifqpi, an ax helve; nusqpi,
an oak tree; the trunk of an oak; the
body of an oak; onusliqpi, a blade of
wheat; wheat straw; a stalk of wheat;
tanchqpi, a cornstalk: a corncob.

api aiishi, n., a thole.

api isht ala, n., the lower end.

apiha, see apeha.

apishia, n., a piazza; aboha apish ia, a
piazza, that extends all round an old-
fashioned house.

apohtuki, v. a. i., to be close and light,
as a room.

appokni, apokni, n., my grandmother;
my granddam.

asananta, see asananta.

askufa, v. t., to put a petticoat upon
one's self (feminine gender).

askufa, pp., girded; belted; begirt (fem
inine gender) .

askufa, n., a petticoat (doubtful).

askufa tapa, n., a coat; a petticoat,

askufachechi, v. t,, to put a petticoat or
belt upon another person; to begird
another person; to gird; itaiqskofqche-
chi, to gird himself, John 21: 18.
Perhaps there is a mistake and it
should be ilaiqskofachi, as in John
21: 7.

askufachi, pp., girded.

askufachi, v. t., to gird one's self; to
put a belt on; to begird; ila isJtt qsko-
fachi, to gird himself, John 13: 4; to
gird the loins, 2 Kings 9:1.

asseta, v. a. i., to cleave to; to love.

ashke, see ishke.

ashwa, ashwa (q. v. ), v. a. i. pi. and
dual, to sit; to be there; chuka itqsluca.

ashwanchi, aswanchi, ashwanchi, v.
a. i., to be engaged about something;
to be active or busy; ittashwandii, to
keep at work (at it), singular. — J. E.

82

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

at, art. (see hat and yqt), the; the one;
Chekob at, Jacob he, Matt. 1: 2; iti ok-
pulo at, a corrupt tree, Matt. 7: 18; iti
at, a tree, Matt. 7: 19; at, rel. pro., who;
the one who; the which.

ata, adv. particle, as ishlqta, have you
come (when not expected)?

atai, atai, n., buckeye (accent on last
syllable; unu.sual in this respect and
unusual in ending with a diphthong).

ataiya, v. a. i., to lean on or touch at;
at ay alt, tr. sing., to cause to lean
against or to touch at, as a boat or ship;
qtayoli, pi.

atakapulechi, see itakopulechi.

atanapoa, v. t., to jump over; iti. an
•itanapoa, to jump over a log.

atanapolechi, v. t., to cause to jump
over.

atanapoli, v. t., to jump over.

atanabli, v. t., to lay on the second
strata of leaves, etc.

atanabli, n., underbrush; undergrowth;
the second layer of leaves in woods.

atanapa; teak qtanqpa, a yearling.

atapa, pp., scotched.

atapachi, atapachi, v. t., to hasp; to
fasten.

ataya, v. a. i., to lean; pit atayqt, John
21: 20; 2 Kings 9: 30; see ataiya.

ato, ato, art, the one; as for the (by
way of contrast to others); qno ato, I,
in distinction from them of old time,
Matt. 5: 22, 32, 34, 39, 44; aiishi ato, he
that received, Matt. 13: 23; hatak ato,
men, Matt. 16: 13.

ato, ato, rel. pro., the one who, as for
the one who, etc.

atta, v. a. i., to be born; to come into
the world; to stay; to live; to reside;
qmqtta, aiatfatok, Matt. 14: 6; anta,
nasal form, to abide; to dwell; to
inhabit; ixJit atta, \. t., to use; to em
ploy; to be busy with or about.

atta, v. a. i.,to heal; to cicatrize; iJcqto,
not healed; luchoica ikato, a chronic
ulcer.

atta, v. t., to occupy; Ixlit atta, to occupy;
ixlit iniqtta, ministered unto him, Matt.
8: 15. '

atta, n., a birth; nitvk aiatta, a birthday.

atta, n., an occupant; a resident.

atta, pp., horn; healed; cured; cica-
tri/ed; remedied; qtq/ta or itatonli (old

style), healed up or united and healed;
ikatto, a., unborn.

atta ammona, n., infancy; an infant;
primogeniture.

atta ammona, a., primogenial.

atta hinla, a., healable; curable.

attahe keyu, a., incurable.

attahpi, n., birth, Matt. 1: 18; primo
geniture; the first born, Josh. 17: 1.

attapachi, v. t., to hasp; to fasten.

attach!, n., a healer; a curer.

attachi, v. t., to heal a sore or wound;
to cicatrize.

attat akowa, v. a. i., to come down,
Matt, 8: 1.

attat anya, Matt. 15: 22.

attat falama, v. a. i., to return from,
Luke 4: 1.

attat hofanti, pp., educated; raised;
brought up.

attat hofantichi, v. t.-, to raise; to edu
cate; to bring up.

attat ia, v. a. i., to start from; to depart
from, Matt. 12: 9; 15: 22; to go from,
Luke 3: 4 [?]; to go on from, Matt. 4:
21; to pass forth from, Matt. 9: 9.

attat isht ia, v. a. i., to rise; to begin to
heal, etc. ; to take a start.

attat xninti, v. a. i., to come from;
ashwal minti, pi. (antqt minti and anshwqt
minti, nasal forms, can not be used
because they include the idea of con
tinuance).

attepuli, v. t., to make a pavilion; to
pavilion; to tent.

ba, adv., nothing; merely; certainly;
surely; ia li ba, I merely go; I just go;
I will just go, and meaning that nothing
shall prevent; a word used chiefly by
children.

ba is compounded with, and forms the
termination of, several words; amba,
kamba, chumba, yoba, hioba, chikimba,
tokba, nahba, kbato, okbato, kbano,
okbano.

bachali, n. sing., bacholi, pi., a row; a
course; a stick of timber lying straight,
as a joist; sabaiyi bacltali iria, my
nephews; lit., my row of nephews;
tancJtt iwhina bachali, rows of corn, i. e.,
the furrows and not the standing corn;
(tarwlii baiilli, a row of standing corn;
takkon api at baiilli, a row of peach
trees).

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

83

bachali, v. t. sing., to make a furrow for

planting corn; to lay in a straight line;

Hi tilit bachali, to blaze trees in a line

for a road.

bachaya, a., prostrate, and lying in a row

so as to touch all the way.
bachaya, v. a. i. sing., to lie connected

in a line or row; tanchi inhina at bachan-

ya, the corn rows are laid off; iti at

bachaya, the tree or the timber is laid ;

ahchaba at bok aflbachanya, a foot log

lies across the creek.
bachaya, v. pass., laid in a line; laid off;

lusa at bachaya, the black (line) is laid,

i. e., on a stick of timber for hewing;

hina at bachaya, the road is laid off, or

the road is marked off.
bachaya, n., a row; a line; a course; a

vein; hina bachaya, line of a road,

Josh. 2: 19.
bachoha, v. a. i. pi., to lie in courses;

hina at bachoha, to lie in lines; issubaai-

itinlimia yat bachoha, the race paths for

horses are laid off, or are there.
bachoha, n. pi. , rows; ranks; courses.
bachoha, pp. pass., laid in lines or

courses.
bachohat manya, v. a. i., to lie in rows

or lines; hina at bachohat manya hoka

ishpisa chin, as the roads are laid off,

you will see them.
bachohmanya, n., a noun derived from

the foregoing verb.
bacholi, v. t., to lay in rows or lines;

to make rows, lines or furrows for rows.
bacholi, n. pi., rows.
bacholi, n. pi., those that lay off in

rows.
bafaha, v. a. i., to grow, as a bush; osapa

at bafahat kanla, the field is grown over

with bushes.
bafaha, n., a bush; a green bush; a

thicket; bafaha and bafalli are both

used for bush and bushes; bafaha chanli,

cut a bush; bafalli chanli, cut the bushes;

but bafaha anuflka and bafalli anu^ka,

in the bushes, is proper,
bafalli, n. pi., bushes; a thicket; green

brush,
bafalli, v. a. i., to grow, as bushes; osapa

yat bafallit kania, the field is grown over

with bushes.
bafalli, a., shrubby; bushy.

bafalli foka, a., bushy; grown up with
bushes (applied to a large place).

bafalli talaia, n., a clump; a tuft; a small
thicket (applied to a small place).

baha, pass., gored, stabbed, jabbed, by
being struck with a straight forward
blow; pricked; pierced; uski o*h baha,
the cane jabbed him, iti osh baha, the
wood jabbed him, and bashpo i/osh baha,
the knife jabbed him, are transitive
forms.

baha, n., a jab; a stab; bashpo bahd, a
knife stab; uski baha, a cane stab.

banhachi, n., baa, the cry of a sheep;
chukfi at banhachi, the sheep says ba^h
or bananh.

bahafa, pass., gored, stabbed, or jabbed
by being struck with a blow that comes
up, as cows do when they hook; alia
nakni at bahafa, the boy is gored.

bahaffi, v. t. sing., to gore; to stab; to
jab; to pierce; to stick; to thrust with
an upward motion, as hogs with their
tusks and cattle with horns, and to
thrust a man with a knife with the
point up.

bahaffi, n., a stabber; a gorer.

bahpo, bappo, n., a kind of nut pudding
made of corn and peanuts.

bahpo, pass, of bahjmll (q. v. ), made into a
nut pudding; bahpot alhtaJia, it is beaten
and ready.

bahpuli, v. t., to beat up parched corn
and parched peanuts for bahpo; to
pound corn and peanuts for bahpo.
The corn and peanuts are both parched
and then beaten or pounded together.
The meat of hickory nuts is sometimes
used.

bahta, n., a bag; a pack; a budget; a
knapsack; a scrip; a wallet, Matt. 10:
10, bahta at iksho, no scrip, Mark 6: 8.
This word differs but little from shukcha
(q. v.); hqpi shukcha, salt sack, kafi
shukcha, coffee sack, are used, but not
bahta.

bahta chito, n., a bale; a big bag.

bahta chito abeli, v. t., to bale, or to
put up in a bale or big bag; tanchi an
bahta chito yon abeli, to put up corn in
a big bag.

bahta chito abiha, pass., baled; put up
in a bale.

84

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

bahta chito hoshinsh aialhto, n., a
tick; a bed tick; lit., a big bag holding
feathers,
bahta shinuk aialhto, n., a sandbag;

a bag having sand in it.
bahtushi, n., a pouch; a small bag; a

satchel; a scrip; a wallet,
baialli, v. a. L, to stand in files or rows;

or baiilli (q. v.).
baiallit anya, v. a. i., to move in a single

file.

baiallit ala, v. a. i., to arrive in a row.
baiallit heli, v. a. i. pi., to stand in

ranks,
baiallit hika, v. a. i. sing., to stand in

a row or single file,
baiallit manya, v. a. i., to advance in

file,
baiallit minti, v. a. i., to come in a

row.

baiet binya, bait binya, v. a. i. pi., to
move in ranks as soldiers, not abreast
but one following another.
baieta, v. a. i. sing., to stand or go in
a row, one after another, as men or
animals in a single road; cans., baietachi
orbaietat hinli, to stand in a row; baietqt
anya, to go along in a row; to stand in
a row, as planted corn or trees when
set out.
baieta, n., a row of corn, trees, men, or

animals.

baii, baiyi, n., white oak; name of an
oak tree and its fruit; a white-oak acorn;
baii laua, plenty of white-oak acorns,
baii toba, a., oaken; made of white oak.
baiilli, baialli (pi. of baieta}, pass.,
ranked; placed in rows or ranges;
abaiali, 2 Kings 11: 8.
baiilli, baialli (pi. of baieta.), v. a. i., to
stand in files or rows; to rank; to fol
low in order one after another,
baiillichi, v. t., to cause to follow in

ranks; to march; to place in ranks,
baiillit nowa, v. a. i., to march in sin
gle ranks, but not abreast. It differs
from auatafi, v. n. i., to march abreast,
baiillit nowa, n., a march,
bait binya, see baiet bini/a.
baiyana, v. n., to want. See banna,

from which it is derived,
baiyi, see bail.

bakafa, v. a. i. sing., to split off; and
pp., split off.

bakaha, pi., bakalichi sing., v. t., to
cane; to baste; to strike with a cane or
stick; to maul; ofi yon bakahali, I beat
the dog.

bakaha, n., a caning,
bakali, pp. pi., split; blocked; slabbed;

bakali ushta, split in quarters.
bakali, v. a. i., to split; to block; to slab
into several, i. e., more than two, pieces.
bakalichi, v. t., to split into large blocks;
to slab; to block; to split puncheons
for a floor.

bakalichi, n., a splitter.
bakapa, pass. sing, of bakabli (q. v.);
halved or divided into two equal parts;
cleft; riven.

bakapa, v. a. i., to divide into two equal
parts; to cleave; to split; to divide once
in the middle; iti at bakapa, the tree
divides or opens in the middle.
bakapa, n., a half when split in two; a
cleft; shuka nipi bakapa, half of a hog.
bakastoa, pass, pi., split in two; di
vided into two equal parts.
bakastoa, v. a. i. pi., to split in two;

to divide,
bakastoa, n. pi., halves; when things

have been split open,
bakastuli, v. t. pi., to split in two; to
halve them; to rob; holisso ha™ bakastuli;
same as welipuli, say M. Dyer and
Thompson.
bakabli, v. t. sing., to split in two; to

halve.

bakabli, n., a splitter; a divider.
bakasto, bakastuli, pass., finished;
completed; all taken, as when a rob
bery is committed, or grain in a field
is destroyed,
bakastuli, v. t., to get all; to take all; to

finish,
bakastuli, n., a finisher; one that takes

all.

bakbak, n., a large red-headed wood
pecker, smaller than the tinkti. bakbak
at ])<tnki akbano Jion apa, the bakbak
eats grapes only.

bakli, v. t. pi., to split into large blocks,
whether halves, fourths, or eighths;
bakali, pass. (q. v.), nusa pi an bakli/ i,
I split the black oak into blocks.
baklichi, v. t., to score.
bakna, n. ; hnbakna, the rennet (or run-
net) or stomach of cows or deer.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

85

bakoa, bakowa, a., spotted; pied; large
check; brinded; tabby brinded; tabby;
dapple; dappled; wak at bakoa, the cow
is spotted; nan tanna at bakoa, the cloth
has large checks; abakslia hat bakoa, the
chicken snake is pied.

bakoa, v. n., to be spotted, pied, etc.

bakoachi, bakowacm, v. t., to make
spotted, pied, etc. ; to dapple.

bakokoa, n, pi., spots.

bakokona, a. pi., spotted; pied; large
check.

bakokona, v. n. pi., to be spotted.

bakokunkachi, n. pi., large white and
red spots.

bakokunkachi, bakokunkachi, a. pi.,
spotted; sintulo at bakokunkachi, the
rattlesnake is spotted.

bakokunkaclii, v. n. pi., to be spotted.

bakowa, see bakoa.

bakowachi, see bakoachi.

balakli, v. a. i. sing., to leap up; like
halakli.

balakli, balakli (the best forms) bilakli,
v. a. i., to wilt; iti hishi at bilakli, the
leaves wilt.

balakli, pass., wilted; see bilakli.

balaklichi, v. t., to wilt; to make it wilt.

balali, v. a. i., to creep, as a child; to
crawl; to grovel; alia yat balali, the
child creeps.

balali, n., a creeper; a crawler; a
groveler; alia balali, a child creeper.

balama, a., fragrant; odoriferous; am
brosial; balmy; sweet; odorous; redo
lent — used with reference to the smell
of objects only.

balama, v. n., to be fragrant.

balama, n., a sweet odor; savor; flavor;
scent; smell, as of a rose; na balama, n.,
incense, Luke 1: 10; Rev. 5: 8. nan isht
balama, 2 Cor. 2: 15; a savor; Eph. 5: 2.

balama, pass, perfumed.

balamachechi, v. t. , to perfume another
person or thing; to incense another per
son or thing; to cause one to perfume
another.

balamachi, balamachi, v. t. , to make it
fragrant, balmy, sweet; to scent well;
panshi an balamachi, to make the hair
balama; naf okay an balamachi, to make
the garments balama.

balalli, v. a. i., to creep, as a vine; to run,
as a vine; to scramble.

balalli, n., a creeper; a scrambler; a vine.
baleli, maleli, v. a. i. sing., to run, as

an animal or a man, 1 Cor. 9: 24; Gal.

5: 7; emallihinlaxhke, Ileb. 12: 1; mab-li

is the more common word: tilaijn dual

(q. v.); tilahanya, tilahanyatok "did

run," Matt. 28: 8: i/il<>p<i, pi., Mark

9: 15.

baleli, n., a runner.
baluhchi, n., the hickory bark which is

used in making rope*.
balup, n., slippery elm; also the linden,

or lind tree; the teil tree.
bali, v. t., to stab; to gore; to hook and

jab; to strike straight forward; to jab;

to beat up the materials for making

bahpo; to dagger; to dirk; to pick;

to prick; to push; to spur; to stick;

to beat, as meat in a mortar; to

thrust; to pierce, John 19: 34; Rev. 1: 7;

itinbali, to gore each other; issi nipt yan

bali, beat the venison; tu.nshpat bali

ho'"', or tushpat bali hon, make haste and

beat it !
bali, n., a stabber; one that gores or

hooks; a thruster; a beater.
bali, n., a push; a stab; a thrust.
balichi, v. t., to make anything stab,

gore, etc.
bam, balam, n., balm, Gen. 37: 25; bam

is the Choctaw pronunciation of balm.
bambaki, bamboki, a., not even; rough;

bulbous; rolling, as land having swells.
bambakichi, v. t., to make uneven.
bamboki, v. n., to be uneven.
bamppoa, pass., shot with a blow gun;

discharged from a blow gun, whether

the arrow has hit the object shot at or

not.

bamppoa, n., a discharge; a shoot,
bamppulli, v. t., to shoot with a blow

gun.
bamppulli, n., a shooter; one that shoots

with a blow gun.
banatboa, banatboha, v. a. i. pi., to

wave; to billow.
banatboa, banatboha, n. pi., waves;

willows.
banatbohachi, v. t. , to cause the waves

to rise; to cause the water to wave,
banatha, n., a wave; a billow; a rolling;

a surge; a heave, James 1: 6; Matt. 8: 24;

oka banatha, Matt. 14: 24.
banatha, v. a. i., to wave; to billow; to

roll; to heave.

86

BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

banathachi, v. t., to make it wave, bil
low, or roll; banatkachi, pi.

bano, adv., only; altogether; perfectly;
completely; all; merely; simply; to
tally; utterly; wholly; entirely; ishi-
bcmo, Matt. 7:8; receives entirely, Josh.
1: 16, 17; yammakbano, that only; yak-
bano hon, Matt. 4: 4.

bano, a., mere; naked; simple; only;
iij i bano, barefoot; nipi bano, naked.

bano, a., alone; entire; stark; Hap bano,
himself alone; Matt. 14: 23; hatak bano,
man alone; bano preceded by k is used
for the sign of the optative mood;
mintikbano, only that he comes.

bano, v. n., to be alone; to be entire;
banokmat, 2 Sam. 18: 25; banot, Matt.
11: 21.

banochi, banuchi, v. t., to make it entire;
to make solitary or alone; ilap banocli'd
hassanJUammachinka, ye shall leave me
alone, John 16: 32.

baptismo, n., baptism, Matt. 20: 23;
21: 25.

baptismo, pass., baptized, Matt. 20: 23;
1 Cor. 10: 2; baptismo used with active
prep.

baptismochi, v. t., to baptize, Matt. 3:11;
baptismohonchi, freq. Mark 1: 4; Matt.
28: 19; baptismochechi.

baptismochi, n., a baptist; one who
administers baptism; a baptizer.

baptist, n., a baptist; John the Baptist,
Matt. 3: 1; 11: 11.

basaboa, pass, pi., sparks made.

basacha; basancJia, in luak basancha, a
spark of fire.

basachi, see bamlichl.

basaha, v. a. i. sing., to pop or snap, as
burning wood.

basaha, n., a pop; a snap.

basahachi, v. t. sing., to cause it to pop
or to snap; to make sparks.

basahkachi, v. a. i. pi., to pop; to snap.

basahkachi, n. p]., a popping; a snap
ping.

basak, basak, n. sing., a pop; a snap
ping noise; snap of a stick, of clay
thrown against a wall, or of the fist in
giving a blow.

basakachi, v. a. i., lit. to say basak', to
snap; to pop.

basali, v. a. i. pi., to snap; to pop; to
explode, as burning wood.

basali, n. pi., a popping; a snapping,
basali chi, basachi, v. t. pi., to cause a

snapping or popping.
basasunkachi, n. pi., a popping; a snap
ping.
basasunkachi, a., brindled; striped;

scarred.
basasunkachi, basasunkachi, v. n., to

be brindled or striped,
basisakachi, v. a. i. pi., to snap; to

crack; to pop.
basoa, v. n., to be striped; to be brindled;

to be brinded; to be checked and tabby;

basasoah.
basoa, a., striped; brindled; brinded;

tabby.

basoa, pass., streaked,
basoa, n., stripes; spots of different col
ors; a streak; a stripe; basaxoah.
basoachi, basoachi, v. t., to stripe; to

make brindled; to streak.
basoli, v. t. pi., to stripe.
basoli, n. pi., stripes.
basolichi, v. t. caus., to make striped

work, as cloth.
basosunkachi, basasunkachi, n. pi.,

scars; marks; small checks; small

stripes.

banspoah, n., slabs, or slats of paling,
basunlash, n., the gall; the bile; bamin-

lash homi, gall of bitterness, or bitter

gall, Acts 8: 23.
basunlash aiatto or aialhto, n., the

gall bladder.

basunlash okchi, n., the gall; the mat
ter secreted in the liver, Matt. 27: 34.
bashankchi, n., elder, name of a shrub.
banshka, n., a good nature; a gentle

disposition.

banshka, a., good natured.
banshka, v. n., to be good natured.
banshka achukma, a., friendly.
banshkiksho, a., sullen; irritable; cross;

morose; perverse; rugged; unpeaceable.
banshkiksho, v. n., to be sullen.
bashukcha, n., the sumac which bears

the purple bud. The other kind is

called bat! (q. v.).
bat, adv., only; each; contracted from

bano or bano liosh; tuklo bat la, two and

two go, or two in each company go.
bat, times, as tuklo bat tuchinakmat hanali,

twice 3 is 6.

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A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

87

batammi, watammi, v. t., to trip up

another in wrestling.
bato, conjunctive form of bano. See kba-

to and kbano.
bachalusha, n., sleet.
bachalusha, v. a. i. , to sleet.
bachalushachi, v. t., to cause the sleet

to fall.

bahcha, bachcha, n., a ridge of land.
bahcha ikbi, v. t., to ridge; to make

ridges.

bahcha pissa, n., a straight ridge.
bahcha tabokaka, n. , the top of the

ridge.
bakokunkachi, bakokunkachi (q. v.),

a., spotted; having many colors, as

Joseph's coat, Gen. 37: 3.
bala, n., a bean; the name of one kind of

bean which is large.
bala hakshup, n., a bean pod; skin of a

bean.

bala hobbi, n., boiled beans.
bala okchi, n., bean porridge,
balakachi, v. a. i., to gulp; to swallow in

large drafts.
balbaha, v. a. i. , to talk in a foreign or

unknown language; to prattle, as an

infant,
balbaha, n., one that talks in a foreign

language.
balbaha toba, v. a. i., to become one that

talks in a foreign language.
Balbancha (from balbaha -\- ansha], n.,

New Orleans; a place of foreign lan
guages.
balli, v. t. , to cut up underbrush ; to clear

land by cutting off the undergrowth.
ball, v. a. i., to hit.
banaha, n., boiled corn bread wrapped

in leaves, in which boiled beans are

mixed; a roll, as of bread or butter.
banaiya, n., a ridge, as a corn ridge, etc. ;

bqnaboa, pi.

banaiyachechi, v. t., to ridge; to ruffle.
banaiyachi, n. , a ridge, such as is made

in a field where corn is planted.
banakachechi, v. t., to cause to fluctu
ate or ripple,
banakachi, v. a. i., to fluctuate; to roll,

as the waves; to ripple; to ruffle; to

undulate.

banakachi, n., a sea; a wave,
banakachi, a., rough, as troubled water.
banakachi, pass., ruffled.

banna, v. a. i., to want; to desire; to wish,

Matt. 5; 42; to crave; to seek, Luke (>,

19; to will, Matt, 14: 5; to gape; to long;

to need; to pant; to strive; to water,

as the mouth waters; tkbnnno, n. f.

ikchibqnnokashke, thou shalt not wish;

baiyana, pro. form, (ibanixt, to want of

or for; in want of, Matt. 0:8; to need,

Matt. 6: 32; ikbaiyqnno, a., not willing;

ikbqnno, a., averse; loath; reluctant;

unwilling; v. n., to be averse.
banna, a., minded; prone; wishful; ikbqn
no, a., reluctant*
banna, n., a longing; a wish; a need; a

wanting.

banna, n., a wisher; one who wants,
banna fehna, v. t., v. a. i., to covet; to

hanker; to wish intently.
banna fehna, a., covetous, greedy.
bappo, see bahpo.

basa, n., the name of the fish called pike.
basak, see basak.
basasunkachi, see basdsunkachi and

basosunkachi.
baska. basto, v. a. i., to game; to

gamble; to play with cards or marbles;

to card.
baska, basto, n., a gambler; hatak bqxka,

a gambler.
basha (from bqshli, v. t. ), pass., sawn;

cut; carved; mown; mowed; reaped;

clipped; gashed; gelded; marked;

plowed; sheared; shorn; ikbqsho, a.,

unmarked; un wounded,
basha, n., a gash; an incision; a mark; a

cut with a saw or knife.
basha hinla, a., perishable.
bashat holisso, bashat holisso, pp.,

graved; engraved; cut and written,
bashat holisso, n., an engraving.
bashechi, v. t,, to wilt; to blast; to

wither; to shrink,
bashi, bashshi, pass., wilted; blasted;

blighted; contracted; faded; withered,
bashi, bashshi, v. a. i., to wither, Matt,

13: 6; to wilt; to blast; to contract; to

fade; to flag; to languish; to perish;

bashi ch«tuk, John 15: 6; bqshit tahatok,

withered away, Matt, 13: 6; 21: 19.
bashi, n., a languisher.
bashkachi, pass, pi., laid in rows; laid

side by side, as sleepers under a floor;

bachaya, sing.

88

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

bashkachi, a. pi., lying in rows, as rows
of timber; hina bqsJikqcJd puta, the rows
of roads; bok uslii bashkachi puta, the
branches running in one direction, side
by side, as if in rows.

bashkachi, v. n., to lie in rows; to be in
rows.

bashkachi, n., rows.

bashli, v. t., to saw; to cut with a draw
ing motion, as with a knife, sword,
scythe, or sickle, and therefore also
meaning to mow and to reap; to clip;
to castrate; to emasculate; to gash; to
geld; to hurt; to mark; to nick; to
reap; to shear; to slash; see Matt. 5: 30,
bashlit tqplit ishkanchashke; ilebqsJdi, to
cut himself.

bashli, n., a cutter; a sawyer; a mower;
a reaper; a marker; a shearer.

bashli, n., an incision; a cut.

bashlit holissochi, v. t., to engrave.

bashlit holissochi, n., an engraver.

Bashokla, or Paskokla, n., Pascagoula;
bread people, or cutting people [almost
certainly "bread people." — EDS.].

bashpapi,n., a knife handle — a compound
word from bqshpo knife, and qpi, han
dle, stem, or stalk.

bashpo, n., a knife; aknife blade; ablade;
Josh. 5: 2,3.

bashpo chito, n., a large knife; bashpo
chito inshukcha, n., a scabbard; a sheath.

bashpo falaia, n., a long knife; a sword,
Josh. 5: 13; the blade of a sword; a
rapier; a dirk; a bilbo; a dagger, Matt.
26: 51, 52; 10: 34; Turk inbqshpo falaia,
a Turk's sword, i. e., a scimiter.

bashpo falaia aiulhpi, n., a hilt; the hilt
of a sword.

bashpo falaia atakali askufachi, n., a
sword belt.

bashpo falaia halupa, n., a sword blade.

bashpo falaia inshukcha, bashpo falaia
afohka, n., a scabbard for a sword,
Matt. 2(3: 52.

bashpo falaia inshukcha fohki, v. t., to
scabbard.

bashpo falaia patha, n., a broadsword.

bashpo ibbak pishinli, n., a table
knife; a case knife.

bashpo isht impa, n., a table knife; a
case knife, lit. a knife to eat with.

bashpo isht itibi, n., a dirk; a rapier; a
stiletto, lit., a knife to fight with.

bashpo italankla halupa, n., a two-
edged knife; a knife sharpened on both
sides.

bashpo poloma, n., a clasp knife; a
pocketknife.

bashpo wishakchi, n., the point of a
knife.

bashpuli, v. t., to sweep; to remove; to
obviate, as to prepare a path.

bashpuli, n., a sweeper.

bashpushi, n., a small knife; a pen
knife; from bashpo, knife, ushi, son.

bashshi, see bqshi.

basht, cut and ; this is a contraction from
bashlit, to cut and.

basht pisa, v. t., to cut and see.

basht tapli, v. t., to cut off.

basht tapli, n. , excision; basht tqpa, pass. ,
cut off.

basht tapli, v. t., to amputate; to cutoff;
to mutilate.

basht tushaffi, v. t, , to cut off; to slice off.

bashto, n., the overcup oak tree.

bati, n. , the high sumac.

beka, a., alone; mere; stark; bieka, the
prolonged form of beka.

beka, v. n., to be alone; bieka in qno sa-
bieka hosh hikialachfr hoke, John 16: 32,
in an old translation; ishbieka, Deut.
28: 13.

beka, bieka, adv., alwrays; commonly;
usually; only; merely; simply; totally;
hitherto, Acts 23: 1; Luke 20: 20; yoh-
mi beka, he does so always; yqmmak
beka, that one only; beka is used in
speaking of the customary actions of
one wTho is dead, while cJiatuk is used in
speaking of such actions of one who is
yet alive; chatuk connects a past act
with present time, beka does not.

befc, v. t., to breast, as a suckling calf
or lamb.

biakak, biyankak, n., a hawk; a chicken
hawk.

bicha, pass., drawn; taken from a cask.

bicha, v. a. i., to spout, as water.

bichataha, pp., racked; drawrn off.

bicheli, v. t., to draw liquor; to take
from a cask; to cause a liquid to run
out; to draw; Inta! ho bicheli cha,
"Draw out now! " John 2: 8.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

80

bicheli, n., a tapster; a drawer.
bicheli, v. t., to draw a small quantity

of liquid from a cask,
bichet tali, v. t., to rack; to draw off

from the lees; to draw the liquor all off •
bichillahe keyu, a., waterproof; (lit.)'

it will not leak,
bichilli, pichilli, v. a. i. pi., to leak out;

to ooze; to percolate; to run out gently;

oka hat sakti apichilli, the water drips

from the bank; itqlhfo aiyqt bicMlli, the

keg leaks.
bichillichi, pichelichi, v. t. pi., to cause

to ooze out; to burst them; to break

them so that the liquid will flow out

gently.
bichokachi, pp. pi. , bent; sprung; iti at

bichokachi, the wood is bent.
bichokachi, v. a. i. pi., to bend; to spring.
bicholi, v. t. pi., to bend,
bicholi, n. pi., benders.
bicholichi, v. t. pi. cans., to bend; to

make them bend.
bichota, pass., bent; sprung.
bichota, v. a. i., to bend; to spring.
bichotakachi, v. a. i. , to spring a single

time,
bichubli, bochubli, v. t. sing., to squeeze

in the hand.

bichunko, n., the brisket,
bichulli, v. t. sing., to bend; to spring;

bichunli, nasal form, bending.
bichulli, n., a bender.
bichullichi, v. t. cans., to bend.
bichupa, bochopa, pass., squeezed in

the hand; from bichubli, v. t. (q. v. ).
bieka, from beka (q. v. ), a., mere, John

16: 32.

bieka, adv., merely; only.
bifisha, n., a cluster of little bushes.
bihi, n., a mulberry; the fruit of the

mulberry tree.

bihi api, biliapi, n., a mulberry tree,
bihi chito, 11., a large mulberry; a iig,

John 1: 48; Luke 13: 6 (changed to

fik in the last edition).
bibi chito hishi, n., a fig leaf,
bihi holba, n., a sycamore, 1 Kings

10: 27.

bihi talaia, n., a mulberry grove.
biliapi, see bihi api.
bihkachi, pi., to be rent and worn out,

as cloth. This may be a contraction

of the genuine word.

binka, minka, a., each; both; like; re
sembling; of the same kind or species;
chaha kqt kubit pokali l>inka, each ten
cubits high, 1 Kings 6: 23; Hnbinkn,
each himself; both; (Jen. 40:5.

binka, n., a fellow; tishn pUMtt, our
fellow-servant, Col. 1: 7; i/(t/> binka,
their fellows, Matt. 11 : 16.

binka, v. n., to be like, or of the same
kind; liatak sabinka, a man who is like
me; na hollo chibinka, a white man who
is like you.

binka, v. a. i. sing., to whine, as a puppy;
to yelp.

binkbia, v. a. i. pi., to whine; to yelp.

binkbia, n., a whine.

binkbia, n., a whiner.

bikbina, n., a knop, Ex. 37: 17; 25: 23;
see kibiksJii.

bikeli, v. t., to touch; to press up against
with a point or the end of anything; to
touch the side with a pointed object; to
flow in or over, as the tide; okhqta cliito
at bikeli; mikma wishakclii okqt shutik
tabokaka bikelashke, and whose top shall
reach heaven, Gen. 2: 4.

bikeli, n. , a stick or anything that touches
or reaches to something else; a support;
a supporter.

bikelichi, v. t., to cause to reach up to;
to strike against an object overhead;
shutik Jtqkakkia bikelichi bqnnql alian-
shuatok, they desired to cause it to reach
up to the sky.

bikobli, bokobli, v. a. i., to bud; to put
forth buds; to shoot; takon api at bikobli,
the peach tree buds.

bikobli, pass., budded; put forth in buds.

bikobli, n., a bud; buds; a gerni; the
shoot of a plant.

bikoblichi, v. t.. to cause to bud.

bikoha., v. a. i. pi., to bend.

bikoha, pp. pi., bent; 'bikota, sing.

bikoha, n., bends.

bikokachi, pass, pi., bent.

bikokachi, v. a. i. pi., to bend.

bikoli, v. t. pi., to bend without
breaking.

bikoli, n. pi., the persons who bend;
benders.

bikolichi, v. t. cans., to bend; to make
them bend.

bikota, pass, sing., of bikulli, bent.

90

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

bikota, v. a. i., to bend; to crouch; to
sag; to sway.

bikota, n., a bend; the bend.

bikota hinla, a., flexible.

bikota keyu, a., unyielding*

bikotahe keyu, a., inflexible; imanuk-
fila bikotahe keyii (his mind bend will
not), inflexible in purpose.

bikotakachi, v. a. i. sing., to bend once.

bikulli,v. t. sing., to bond; to iricurvate;
to sag; bikunli, nasal form, to be bend
ing.

bikulli, n., a bender.

bikullichi, v. t. , to 1 >end ; to cause to bend ;
to make it bend.

bikuttokachi, v. a. i., to cower; to squat;
to courtesy (as a lady) ; to bow or bend
down; isi at bikuttokachi (the deer bends
down), koi at (the tiger); or aba hu*hi
at bikuttokachi (air, fowl of, it squats).

bila, 11., oil; fat; gravy; grease; nita bila,
bear's oil; shukha bila, hog's fat.

bila, v. a. i., to melt; to dissolve; to fuse;
to thaw; to resolve; bihinla, Josh. 2: 9,
11; to melt or faint, Josb. 7: 5.

bila, a., unctuous; greasy.

bila, pass., melted; dissolved; fused;
thawed; liquefied; resolved; ikbilo, a.,
unmelted, unthawed; ikabilo, a., un-
dissolved.

bila bieka, a., oily; only oil; oil entirely.

bila hinla, a., fusible; dissolvable, (lit.)
melt can.

bila chapka, nani chapka, nia chapka,
n., a cockroach.

bila onlaha, pass., basted; moistened
with fat.

bila onlali, v. t., to baste; to drip fat
upon meat; to moisten with fat.

bila pala, n., a lamp; an oil lamp.

bilahama, pass., oiled; anointed; an
ointed with oil.

bilahammi, v. t., to anoint with oil;
i. e., him or herself.

bilahammichi, v. t., to anoint another
with oil.

bilahe keyu, a., indissoluble, (lit.) melt
will not.

bilakli, balakli (q. v.), v. a. i., to wilt; to
droop; to wither.

bilakli, pass., wilted; a., flaccid; pp.,
withered.

bilankli, n., a small round and long hill.

bilakliclii, v. t., to wilt; to wither.

bileli, v. t., to melt; to fuse; to thaw; to
dissolve; to colliquate; to liquefy; to
resolve; to run; "to make melt,"
Josh, 14: 8; bilct, contracted form with
t conjunctive.

bileli, n., a melter.

bilelichi, v. t., to melt; to cause to melt.

bilhkachi, pi. of binili.

bilia, adv., always, Matt. 18: 10; perpetu
ally; forever; continually; eternally;
regularly; off, Josh. 4: 7, 24; away; iat
bilia, gone away, gone off, Heb. 13: 8;
IdMa biliat peh biliashke, stands forever
and ever, Heb. 1 : 8.

bilia, a., continual; eternal, John 3: 15;
ever; e'er; everlasting, John 3: 16; in
cessant; lasting; perennial; permanent;
perpetual; unbegotten; unceasing; un-
intermitted; unremitted; aiissikkopa
bilia and aiokchayat bilia, Matt. 25: 46.

bilia, v. a. i., to be or do always; to con
tinue, ano yokat hachiapehat ay at biliali,
Matt. 28: 20 (old translation).

bilia, v. n., to be always; to be forever;
to be continual; to continue evermore;
okcha^ija na biliahe, John 6: 51; hachi-
yukpa na biliashke, rejoice ye evermore,
1 Thess. 5: 16; abilia, adv., forever,
Matt. 6: 13; where it is always; to
eternity.

biliachechi, v. t., to perpetuate.

biliachi, v. t., to make perpetual or con
tinual.

bilinka, adv., just; nigh; close by; at
hand; Chihowa aiibilinka, nigh to God,
James 4: 8.

bilinka, 11., nearness; vicinage; vicinity;
bilinka alatok, 2 Sam. 18: 25; abilfrka, a
suburb; a neighborhood, Josh. 20: 5;
inbllika, n., propinquity to it, him, or
her; inbilinka, a., snug.

bilinka, a., near; close by; close; bilika
felnia, too close; contiguous; adjacent;
imminent; nigh; proximate, Matt. 3:5;
it inbilinka, a., thickset; near to each
other; bilinkakmak bano pixa, a., near
sighted; to see that only which is near.

bilinka, v. t. , to come near; to near; to
approach; itinbilinka, to come near each
other; itinbilika felma, to be too near
e.ich other.

bilinka, v. n., to be near; to be close by,
Matt. ]»: 29; bilfrkat ibataklaf, Scrip.
Biog., Abraham and Lot, p. 20; itinb'd-

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

91

inka, to be near each other; itibilinka
d^sha, n., a neighborhood; a proximity
to each other; nearness to each other.

bilinkasi, a. dim., very near; not far off;
quite near, Matt. 15: 8.

bilinkasi, v. n., to be very near; isJit in-
bilinkasi ilonaslike, "let us draw near,"
Heb. 10: 22.

bilinkatta, v. a. i., to reside near.

bilinkachi, v. t., to bring near; to draw
near; to fetch near; to approximate;
ilabilinkachi, Luke 9: 47.

bilinkatta, n., a neighbor; one that
dwells near.

bilinchi, v. a. i., v. t., to draw near; to
come near; to make near; to draw nigh;
to near; ishpfobilinchashke, do you come
near to us; ilap mat hachinbilinchachin
hoke, he will draw nigh to you, James
4: 8.

bilinchi, a., near.

bilinchi, adv., nearly.

bilinchi kat inshaht tali, a., nearest.

[bilinsbi, n. , the name of a bird. — H. S. H. ]

bilinsbili, n., a very young turkey, just
beginning to cry.

bila, pass. pi. of bill, perforated;
wounded; hurt; pricked.

bila, a., wounded; hurt.

bilepa, sing., lipia, pi., to lie on the face;
to lie low; to sit with a downcast eye;
bilimpa, nasal form.

bilepa, pi. of binili. — N. Gardner.

bili, v. t., to bunt, as a calf bunts the
bag to make the mother's milk come,
i. e., to work at the bag by pushing,
bunting, etc. This word is applied to
the rubbing of deer skins with a stick
flattened and sharp at one end to make
the skin soft and pliant.— J. Hudson.

bili, v. t. pi., to point at; to prick; to
wound; to hurt; to injure the feelings;
to spur; chunkas1i bill, to wound the
heart; iti^biU, to point at each other,
etc.; abili, to perforate at, i. e., to set
up bushes or poles for peas, beans, etc. ;
nlpi isht bili, n., a flesh hook, 1 Sam.
2: 13.

bili, 11. pi., wounders; those that wound,
hurt, point, etc. ; or one that wounds,
etc. , more times than once.

bilibli, v. t. sing., to point at; to prick;
to point out; bili is the plural form

(q. v.) ; cf. bilihimbli in okrlialinc'h; yan
chinbilihimbli kat kal/o keyu.

bilibli, n., a pointer.

bim, n., sound of a tree falling through
the air; a roaring.

bimih.ach.echi, v. t., to make a roaring.

bimihachi, v. a. i., to roar, as lire in dry
grass, or as a flock of birds when on the
wing; to crash; to mumble; to murmur;
to peal.

bimihachi n., the roar; the roaring; a
peal.

bimimpa, v. a. i., to crash; to roar.

bina, n., a camp; a lodging place ont of
doors and without shelter; a camping
ground; an encampment; a tabernacle;
a tent, Josh. 3: 14; a host, Josh. 1:11;
binah, 1 Sam. 4: (i; Una vihat kuclta,
v. t., to decamp; to move out of camp.

bina ansha, pass., tented; camped.

bina awiha, n., a deserted camp.

bina awiha, v. t., to move from a camp.

bina hilechi, v. t,, to pitch a camp.

bina talali, v. t., to tent; to set a tent.

binachi, v.t., tocamp; to encamp; 1 Sam.
4: 1; Josh. 8: 9; binanchi, nasal form,
to be camping; Josh. 4: 19; 5: 10; 10: 5.

binachi, n., one that camps.

binanchi, n., a camping; the act of en
camping.

binili, v. a. i., to sit; to take a seat; to
settle; ont binilima "when he was set,"
Matt. 5: 1; 13: 1; to fix one's habitation
or residence; to abide, John 1: 32; to
sit down, Luke 4: 20; to encamp; to
light; to nestle; binint; ilebinili, to seat
himself; to sit; to perch; to rest on the
feet, as fowls; ilabinili, to retire; to sit
alone; ilabinili, n., a retreat; a retire
ment; oHibinili, v. t., to sit on; to incu
bate; to ride; tanklabinili, v. a. i., to in
trude; to sit among.

binili, n., a sitter; a setter; one that set
tles; wihat binili, a colony; apeliechi ka
yqt wihat binili, Col. Folsom's colony;
oklat wihat binili, a colony of people.

binili, n., a sitting; ta^kla binili, n., an in
truder; binili hon ont pisatok, Matt. 9: 9;
tankla binili, n., an intrusion.

binili, pp., seated; settled; located; kan-
allit binili, colonized; ikbinilo, a., un
seated; aclin k mat ikbinilo, a., unsettled;
binili bilia, a., sedentary.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[DULL. 40

binilichi, v. t., to seat; to place on a seat;
to establish one in a habitation or place;
to cause to sit down; to settle him or
her at a place, as on new land; kanql-
licJiit binil.ichi, v. t., to colonize; to in
stall; to locate; to set; to settle.

bininili, v. a. i. freq., to sit here and
there; to be sitting here and there;
moving about from seat to seat.

bininli, v. t., nas. form, to be sitting, Gen.
18: 1; 19: 1; John 4: 6; plural cJii^ya;
biniJtinli, frequentative; binininli, onbin-
ininli, iterative.

binnilechi, v. t., to cause to sit a long
time.

binnili, v. a. i., to sit down a long time;
to abide, 2 Kings 1: 9; to be there,
Matt. 6: 9; 15: 13; 16: 17; 18: 10.

binohmaya, n., a sitting round.

binoht, cont. from binoli; binoht taiyaJia
ma or binolit taJia ma, and were set down
together, Luke 22: 55.

binoht aiasha, v. a. i., to sit around.

binoht aiasha, pass., seated around,
John 6: 11.

binoht maya, v. a. i. pi., to sit round; to
sit by; yqntma binoJiinanyatuk, "sitting
by," Luke 5: 17; alia yosh binohmanya,
Matt. 11: 16.

binoli, v. a. i. pi., to lodge, Matt. 13: 32;
to sit; to take a seat; to settle; to sit
down; okla laua yqt aka hashuk aiom-
binolachi, Matt. 14: 19; onblnollt ma^ya,
"which sat," Rev. 12:16; yqmma om-
binilihatukma, "him that sitteth there
on," Matt. 23: 22; binolaheoke, shall sit
down, Matt, 8: 11.

binoli, n., sitters; those who take seats or
settle; abinoli, seats. See Matt, 21: 12.

binoli, pass., seated; settled.

binohchi, v. t. cans., to seat; to place on
a seat; to coloni/e; to settle them.

binolichi, n. pi., one who colonizes or
settles others; one that seats others or
those who colonize.

bint, in 'in Hi bint achukma.

bisakchakinna, bisukchakinna, n., a
bramble; a green wild vine having
briars and bearing brrries, growing in
swamps and low grounds, and called
the bamboo 1 trier.

bisakchakinna foka, a., brambly;
thorny; foka, about, etc.

bisakchula, n., the name of a weed re
sembling nita inpisa; the leaves are
long and tough.

bisali, bisinli, n., a sprout; a twig; uksa-
kqpi bisinli, a hickory withe.

bisali, v. a. i., to sprout; to shoot forth,
as young leaves; to germinate; bisanli,
nasal form; bisali, bisanli, pp., sprouted.

bisanli, n., a sprout,

bisanlichi, v. t. caus., nasal form, to
sprout; to cause it to sprout and grow.

bisanlih, n., a crack; a chap in the skin
of the hands or face; a small crack. —
J. G.

[biskantak. n., a bird of the tomtit
family.— H. S. H.]

biskinak, biskinik, n., a small speckled
woodpecker, called by some a sap-
sucker.

bislichi, v. t. , to milk.

bissa, n., a black berry.

bissalunkani, n., the seed of the weed
spoken of below.

bissalunko, n., a weed, the vulgar name
of which is beggars' lice.

bissapi, n., a blackberry brier; a bram
ble bush; a bramble; bissapi akon panki
an aiqnio, Luke 6: 44.

bissapi foka, a., brambly.

bissukchanaki, bissalukko, n., thorns,
Luke 8: 7, 14; thorns is rendered kqti
in the last translation.

bissuntalali, haiuntalali, n., a dew
berry.

bisukchakinna, see bisakchakinna.

bishahchi, pass., milked; ikbishacho, a.,
unmilked; not milked.

bishahchi, wishahchi, a., milch; giving
milk.

bishbeli, bishbeli, v. i., to ooze out.

bishkoko, bishkokok, n., a robin; robin
redbreast.

bishkoni, n., name of an oak; the acorns
are long and yellow, bark yellowish.

bishkumak, n., a red bird.

bishlichi, wishlichi, v. t., to milk; irak
an blxltliclti, he milks the cow.

bishlichi, n., one that milks; a milker.

bita, n., a turban or tire; a frontal; a
frontlet; a head band; a band for the
head. Choctaw men wear a silver band
on the head called tali hqta bita, a silver
head band.

BTINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CJIOCTAW LANGUAGE

93

bita, pass., turbaned; having on a frontal

or head band,
bitanli, n., a crack; a small crack; a chap;

a crevice; a flaw; yaknl bitanli, a crack

in the ground, and cracked ground; a

large crack,
bitanli, v. a. i., to crack open slightly; to

chap.

bitanli, pass., cracked open; yakni bi
tanli.
bitanlichi, v. t., to crack open; to chap;

to flaw.

bitatanya, v. a. i. pi., to crack open.
biteli, v. t., to put a frontlet or turban

called a bita on one's self; to put on a

silver headband.
bitelichi, v. t., to put a turban or head

band on another person; to crown, Ps.

8: 5.
bitema, a., fetid; having a disagreeable

smell, like that of old bones; foni at

bitema, the bones are fetid,
bitema, v. a. i., to smell bad; to be fetid;

to stink,
bitema, n., fetid; a stench like that of

old bones.

bitemachi, v. t., to cause a fetid smell.
bitepa, v. t, sing., to put the hands on;

to press on with the hands; ibbak at

. . . umbitepa, Luke 4:40; to rest upon,

while leaning on the hands; ombitepa,

umbitepa, or onbitepa are usual expres
sions for " laying on."
bitka, v. t. pi., to bear on with the hands,
bitonoa, botonoa, pass., bent.
bitonoa, botonoa, v. a. i., to bend.
bitonoli, botonoh, v. t., to bend.
biunko, n., a strawberry; biunko at nuna,

the strawberries are ripe.
biunko api, n., a strawberry vine,
biuntalali, see haiyantalali.
biyankak, biankak, n., a hawk; a large

chicken hawk,
boa, pass., beaten; beat; hammered;

pounded; drubbed; see boll.
boafa, see boya/a.
boat pilefa, pass., riveted; beaten and

turned down on; botpiliffi v. t., to rivet.
boaffi, see boijaffi.
bochokachi, pass, pi., squeezed in the

hand.

bocholi, v. t. pi., to squeeze in the hand.
bochopa, bichupa, pass, sing., squeezed

in the hand.

bochubli, bichubli, v. t., sing., to squeeze
in the hand; to hold fast as a trap holds
game.

bochunoa, pass., squeezed up.

bochunoli, v. t. pi., to squeeze them up.

bochupha, v. a. i., to contract; draw up
and sink in like the breast of a child
with sickness in the breast.

bochusa, v. a. i., to warp; to curl up;
to twist; itishima at bocJiiixa, the shin
gle warps.

bochusa, pass., warped; bent; twisted.

bochusachi, v. t., to warp; to twist: to
curl ; to cause it to warp.

boha; ok<i itlbolia, water mixed and ren
dered dirty or roily; k<(Jl itiboha, roily
or muddy coffee.

bohokachi, v. t., to churn.

bohpoa, pass, of bohpuli, thrown; slung.

bohpuli, v. t. pi., boli, sing., to send; to
throw; to sling; ixlit bohpulitfoki, v. t.,
to inject; isht bohpulli, to take and
throw; isht bohpulit oka itokqrhi (from
it and okqcld), to douse.

bohpuli, n., a sender; a thrower.

bok,n.,abrook; a creek; a natural stream
of water less than a river; a river, as
Bok Jtnmma, Red river; Mississippi Bok,
Mississippi river.

bok aiitisetili, n., a junction of creeks;
a place wyhere the creeks meet and run
together.

bok aiyanalli, n., the channel of the
creek; the place where the creek flows.

bok anunka, n., a swamp on the sides of
a creek; (lit.) within the bok.

bok anunka, a., swampy.

bok asetili, n., the mouth of a creek.

bok chulaffi, n. sing., a single division
of the creek; a branch of a creek; the
word branch as used in the South means
a small brook, a rivulet.

bok chuli, n. pi., the branches of water
courses belonging to one creek; the
head branches which mingle and form
the creek.

bok falaia, n., long creek; the name also
of a particular creek, Long creek; Bok
falaic akon mhitili, I came from Long
creek.

bokfalakto, n., the fork of a creek.

bokintannap, n., the side of the creek;
the other side of the creek; the oppo
site side of the creek.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

bok itahnoli, n., junction of creeks,
bok itipatalhpo, n., a bridge made over

a creek, or a crossway made in the

swamp near the creek,
bok mishtannap, n., the farther side

of a creek; the other side of a creek.
bok ola intannap, n., this side of the

creek; the side of the creek this way.

Four words are here compounded, bok

creek, ola this way, in to it, tannap,

side.

bok ola tannap, n. , this side of the creek.
bok sakti, n., banks of a river, Josh.

3: 15.
bok ushi, n., (a diminutive from bok, a

river, and usJd, son, lit., the son of

a river); a rivulet; a brook; a branch

(a word in use in the South, meaning

the same as brook) ; a rill.
bok wiheka, top of a side of a creek,
bok wishahchi, 11., the fountain; the

head of a creek,
bokaf a, pass, sing., broken open; burst;

cracked; bokaffi, v. t.
bokaf a, v. a. i., to break open; to crack;

to burst; to open; to explode,
bokaf a, n., a crack; an eruption.
bokakankachi, v. a. i., to break open;

to burst open.

bokali, pass, pi., broken open,
bokalichi, v. a. i. pi., to break open;

bokanli, nasal form, being cracked open;

na pakanli bokanli putaka, "open flow
ers," 1 Kings 6: 18.
bokalichi, v. t. pi., to crack them open;

to burst; to cause them to open,
bokanli, n., a bud.
bokanli, v. a. i., to bud.
bokanli, pass., budded,
bokanlichi, v. t., to cause it to bud.
bonkachi, pass, pi., doubled up; rolled

up; wrapped up; folded up; pass, of

bunni (q. v. ), v. t., to double up.
bonkachi, v. a. i., to roll up.
bonkachi, n. pi., bundles; rolls.
bokaffi, v. t. sing., to break open; bokaf a,

pass.
bokboki, a., roan; isuha bokboki, a roan

horse; moldy, as bread, Josh. 9: 5.
bokboki, v. n., to bo roan.
bokbokichi, v. t., to make of a roan color.

bokko, v. a. i., to be a hill; bo^kko, nasal,
being hilly; bo^kko ilanya, we go among
the hills.

bokko, n., a hillock; a knoll; a hum
mock; a bank; a mound;' a mount; a
swell; anything round (see Josh. 5: 3),
or like a cup; the top of the head.

bokko, pass., banked.

bokkuchi, v. t., to make a bank or hill;
to bank, 2 Kings 19: 32.

bokkushi, n. (a dim.), a small hillock;
from bokko and ushi.

bokobli, see bikobli, v. a. i. , to bud.

bokokakachi, bokokankachi, pass.,
broken open, as the pod of certain fruits,
etc.

bokonnoa, pass. , pressed against.

bokonoli, v. t., to press up; to bend up;
to raise up, as the seed which grows
underground presses against the earth,
and makes it crack open.

bokota, bikota, v. a. i., to bend.

bokota, bikota (q. v.), pass., bent; a.,
crooked.

bokulli, bikulli (q. v.),v. t., to bend.

bokupli, bikobli (q. v.), v. a. i., to bud.

bokusa, v. a. i., to warp; to crisp; to draw
up; to turn up.

bokusa, pass., warped; crisped; drawn up.

bokusachi, v. t., to warp; to cause to
bend up at the sides or at the ends.

bolbokechi, v. t. pi., to make circles or
squares.

bolboki, a. pi., circular; square.

bolboki, n. pi., circles; squares.

boli, v. t. pi., isso sing., to strike; to beat;
to bang; to hammer; to pound; to batter;
to pelt, Acts 7: 57; to hit or strike
once; to bastinade; to smite; to forge;
to lay on, as blows; to maul; to pelt; to
thrash; boa (q. v. ), pass., beaten;
shaken; bonli, nasal form; boJionli, freq. ;
boyuli, pro. form; ileboli, to smite him
self; itiboli, tostrike each other; to fight.

boli, n., a striker; a hammerer; one who
works with a hammer; a pelter; a
thrasher; as tali boli, a blacksmith or
ironsmith.

bolkachechi, v. t., to make circles or
squares.

bolkachi, a. pi., bolnlda sing., circular.

bolkachi, n., circles; squares.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

95

bolunkboa, v. a. i., to make a cry like
that of a person who has the night
mare.

bolukta, n. sing., a circle; a square;
orbed; a quadrangle; roundness; bol-
buki, pi. This word is used for both
because there are no distinct words.

bolukta, pass., orbed; squared; rounded.

bolukta, a., square; circular; round; four
square; quadrangular; iianlapqski bo
lukta, a square pocket handkerchief.

bolukta, v. n., to be square or circular;
to be round.

boluktali, v. t., to go round; to take
round.

boluktachi, v. t. , to make a square or a
circle; to round.

boli, v. t., to stock; to store; to stow;
kanima aboli, where to lay; Matt. 8:
20; to send, Matt. 10: 34; 25: 27; to
lay , Luke 6 : 48 ; to lay down; to deposit;
to lay up; to put; to give; 2 Kings 6:
28, 29; Josh. 7: 11; to put out a proc
lamation, 2 Chron. 30: 5; to bestow;
to lay up in store; to offer; to couch;
to dispose; to pack; to pawn; to pledge;
to stake; boyult, pro. f., italqllit boli,
to pack together; -itaboli, to lay up
for himself; ishilaboli, you lay it by
itself; Hinboli, to lay down against each
other, as a wager; ikbolo, a., unstored;
unlaid.

boli, n., one that lays down, deposits,
etc.; an offerer; a pawner.

boli, n., a pawn; a pledge; a wager.

bombaki, bambaki (q. v. ), a., rough;
uneven.

bonna, a., rolled up.

bonuha, v. a. i. sing., to roll up.

bonuha, pass., rolled up; from bonulli
(q.V.)-

bonuha, 11., a roll.

bonulli, v. t. sing., to double up; to roll
up; to bundle up; to wrap up.

bonulli, n., a wrapper; one that wraps.

bonunta. pp., rolled -up; doubled up.

bonunta, v. a. i., to roll; to double; to
curl.

bonunta, n., a roll; a bundle; a pack; a
liar* 'el.

boppoa, pp., sent.

boshulli, v. a. i., to crumble; to break in
pieces.

boshulli, pass., crumbled; broken in
fragments; mashed.

boshulli, pi., crumbs; bits; fragments;
small pieces; ima'uinpd yon boxlm/li,
crumbs of his table, Luke 1<>: 21 ; frag
ments, Matt. 14: 20; 15: 27, 37.

boshullichi, v. t., to crumble; to break
in pieces; to mash.

bot, contracted form of bolt; bot gbi, to
kill by blows; isht bot kanchi, to strike
with and kill.

bot apelifichi, v. t, to rivet.

bot apiliffi, v. t, to rivet.

bot shebli,v. t., tomalleate; to draw into
a plate or leaf by beating.

bot shepa, pp., malleated.

bota, pass., pounded; pulverized; pow
dered.

bota, v. a. i., to become flour.

bota, n., flour made of parched corn Im
pounding it; powder.

bota hata, bota tohbi, n., wheat flour.

bota kapassa, n., cold flour made of
parched corn.

bota lakchansha, bota lakchi ansha,
n., coarse meal.

bota lashpa, n., flour made of parched
corn.

bota onfima, pass., powdered.

bota tanshpa, n., corn flour made of
corn parched without being boiled.

bota tohbi, bota hata, n., wheat flour;
white flour.

bota tohbi isht onfimmi, v. t., to powder
with wheat flour.

botoli, v. t., to pulverize; to pound fine;
to reduce to a fine powder by pounding
in the mortar.

botolichi, botullichi, v. t., to rub fine;
to pulverize (not quite line); to powder.

botona; usk! botona, a cane bent for tongs.

botonoa, see bitonoa.

botonoli, see bilonoli.

botosha, buttoshah, v. a. i., to dazzle;
to be overpowered by light; to be en
feebled; nlshkin botoxJia, applied to the
eyes of the aged; iyi at botush-a, the leg
is feeble.

botulli, n., filings; dust; small pieces;
powder.

botullichi. see botolichi.

boyafa, boafa, pass., rubhed off, as the
hair is rubbed from a hide; molted; ik-
bot.ifu, a., unshed.

96

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

boyafa, v. a. i., to shed the hair, feathers,
or coat; to molt; see boi/qffi, trans, verb.

boyafa, 11., the shedding of the hair.

boyali, pass, pi., rubbed off.

boyali, v. a. i. pi. , to shed the hair.

boyali. n., the shedding of the hair.

boyalichi, v. t. pi., to rub the hair off
from skins.

boyaffi, boaffi, v. t. sing., to rub the hair
from a skin, as tanners dress hides
when taking off the hair; to molt;
ileboaffi, to shed his own hair or coat
and horns, as a deer.

boyaffi, n., one who rubs the hair from
a skin.

bufboli, v. a. i., to pant for breath, as a
man in a fever.

buna, pass, pi., rolled up; doubled up.

buna, v. a. i., to roll up.

buna, 11., rolls; bundles.

bunni, v. t. pi., to double up; to roll up;
to fold up; alhbona, pass., doubled up.

bunto, n., a hill; a small hill; a barrow;
a mound; a potato hill.

bunto, pass., made into a hill.

buntochi, v. t., to make hills for pota
toes; to hill up the ground.

busha, pass., squeezed; wrung out; ex
pressed; extracted.

busha hinla, a., expressible, i. e., can
be squeezed out.

bushli, v. t., to squeeze out a liquid; to
wring out water, as from wet clothes
after being washed; to express; to ex
tract; to press; to wring.

bushli, n., a wringer.

bushto, n., name of an oak which bears
a large acorn.

bushul, n., a bushel.

bushul iklanna, n., a half bushel.

bushul iklanna iklanna, n., a peck,
i. e., half of a half bushel.

buttoshah, see botosha.

butummi, n.. iine drizzle; fine rain.

ch, see chi.

cha, conj., and, usually connects two
verbs which have the same nomina
tive; ill It . h<(n icakqinuii c/ia, opened his
mouth and, Matt. 5: 2; if the second
verb has a different iiom. from the first,
i«i in often used. Cli<t is also used at
the close of some questions, as John
1:50; Matt. 2:7, 8, 13, 14, 16; haklo

cha, Matt. 7: 24; mail cha, Matt, 7: 25;
haklo cha, Matt. 7: 26; 17: 27; chiyimmi
hacha? It seems to refer at times to
something not looked for or expected;
fik api at bqshit taha cha, the fig tree is
withered away, Matt. 21: 20. See
ha cha.

chachachi, v. i., to hop arid flit like a
bird.

chaha, n., height; altitude; grandeur;
growth; loftiness; rankness; stature; a
steep; steepness; sublimity; JiqcJii chaha,
your stature, Matt, 6: 27; achahaka, n.,
a high place, 1 Kings, 11: 7.

chaha, a., pp., high; lofty; tall; sublime;
elevated; steep; eminent; grand; high,
as to musical key; sakti chaha, a steep
bluff, Matt. 5: 1; nanih chaha yon, a
high hill.

chaha, v. n., to be high or lofty.

chaha, v. a. i., to tower.

chaha, chaha t, adv., aloft; on high;
stately.

chaha, pass., heightened; elevated; ex
alted; raised higher; raised.

chaha inshaht tali, a., uppermost;
highest.

chaha inshali, a., upper; higher, Luke
14: 10.

chaha inshali nanih, n., an eminence;
a mountain higher than (others).

chaha moma inshali, a., the highest,
Luke 2: 14.

ch.ah.achi, v. t., to elevate; to raise up;
to heighten; toenhance; to ennoble; to
exalt; to raise; to sublimate; to sub
lime; to cause it to be higher.

chahachi, n., a raiser.

chahachi, n., a raising.

chahapi, chahe api, n., a hoe handle.

chahe, n., a hoe.

chahe aialhpi, chahe aiulhpi, n., a hoe
handle.

chahe iskifa, n., a mattock; lit., a hoe
ax.

chahikcheli, v. a. i., to limp.

chahikcheli, n., a limper.

chahikli, v. a. i., to limp.

chahikli, n., a limper.

Chahta, n., a Choctuw; Choctaw (pi.).

Chahta, a., Choctaw; ('Jtahta i/akni,
Choctaw nation; Chahta anutnpa, Choc
taw language.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CUOCTAW LANGUAGE

97

Chahta, v. n., to be a Choctaw.

Chahta anumpa, n., the Choctaw lan
guage; a Choctaw speech or word; the
Choctaw tongue.

Chahta alia, Chahtalla, a Choctaw
child; Choctaw children.

Chahta hatak, n. , a Choctaw man; Choc
taw men.

Chahta inkowi, n., a Choctaw mile.

Chahta imanump a, n., the language of
the Choctaw; the words of a Choctaw.

Chahta imisuba, n., the horse of a Choc
taw.

Chahta isuba, n., a Choctaw horse; a
Choctaw pony.

Chahta isht atia, v. n. , to be descended
from the Choctaw; to be of the Choc
taw race.

Chahta isht ia, n., the Choctaw race;
Choctaw descent; Choctaw origin; Choc
taw blood.

Chahta ohoyo, n., a Choctaw woman.

Chahta okla, n., the Choctaw; Choc
taw; the Choctaw nation; the Choctaw
tribe; the Choctaw people.

Chahta yakni, n., Choctaw land; Choc
taw nation; Choctaw country; Choctaw
soil; Choctaw ground.

Chahtalla, see Chahta alia.

chahto, n., a drought; dryness; want of
rain.

chahto, a., dry; droughty; wanting in
rain.

chahto, v. n., to be dry; to be droughty.

chahtochi, v. t., to cause a drought.

chahtoshba, a., never.

chaka, n., a comb; a gill; gills; the flaps
that hang below the beak of a fowl;
inchaka, his comb; his gills.

chakali, chakkali, a., nine, 9, ix
(numeral), Matt. 18: 12; 2 Sam. 24: 8;
hashi chakkali, nine months.

chakali, v. n., to be nine.

chakali, v. a. i., to make nine; as echa-
kali, we make nine; chakali bat chakali,
nine times nine.

chakali, chakali, a., pregnant; gravid;
great; big.

chakali, chakali, v. n., to be pregnant;
to be with child, Matt, 1 : 23; v. a. i., to
teem.

chakali, n., pregnancy.

chakaliha, adv., nine times.

S4:j:VJ° — Hull. 46 — 15 7

chakapa, n., vile language; reviling; pro-
faneiiesn; the language made use of in
the place of common swearing as in use
among the lowest classes of white and
black people.

chakapa, a., vile; low; vulgar; indecent;
reproachful; filthy.

chakapa, v. a. i., v. t., to revile; to utter
filthy language; to blackguard; to in
veigh; to vilify.

chakapa, n., a reviler; one who utters
foul language in contempt and re
proach; a blackguard.

chakiffa, n., a gizzard; the gizzard.

chakkali, see chakali.

chakla, n., an oyster.

chakli, n., a cup (authority, Nelson Mc
Coy's mother, May 15, 1855); a vessel
used for boiling coffee; a coffee pot; a
tin coffee pot.

chakoa, pass., notched.

chakoa, n. pi., notches.

chakofa, pass., notched.

chakofa, n., a notch.

chakoffi, v. t. sing., to notch; to cut a
notch.

chakoffi, n., a notcher.

chakoli, v. t., to string, as to string
venison for drying.

chakoli, v. t. pi., to notch; to cut notches;
chakonli, nasal form.

chakolichi, v. t. caus., to cut notches; to
make notches; chakonlichi, see 1 Kings
6: 18; Exodus 31: 5.

chakowa, pass., strung up and dried;
isi nipi chakowa, venison strung up and
dried; chakonwa, see 1 Kings 6: 29.

chakpa, a., being part way; not mid
way; iti chakpa; nitak inchakpa.

chakpa, v. n., to be part way; to be not
midway.

chakpaka, 11., side, as of a well or cup.

chakpatali, 11., the foot of a hill; the base
of a hill; chakpatali ka, Luke 8: 33;
Judg. 19: 1.

chakpatalika, n., the place at the foot of
the hill; the foot of the hill.

chakwa, n., soreness in the throat; an
ulcer in the throat; bronchitis.

chakwabi, chakwaabi, v. n., to have
such a soreness.

chalanka, v. a. i., to scream.

chalanka, 11., a scream.

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[BULL. 46

chalakbi, see ctiilakbi.

chalakwa, see chilakwa.

chalantak, see chilantak.

Chalakki, n., a Cherokee; the Cherokee.

Chalakki, a., Cherokee.

Chalakki hatak, n., a Cherokee man; a
Cherokee.

Chalakki okla, the Cherokee people;
the Cherokee nation; the Cherokee.

chalak, n., a snap; the noise made by
snapping a gunlock.

chalakachi, v. a. i. , to snap; to say chalak.

chalakwa, chalakba, n., a copperhead
snake.

chanlchaha; akanka at chanchaha, the
cackling of a hen after laying an egg.

chalek, a., possible, and known to both
speaker and hearer; chalek, recent past
time; -k is contracted from kamo; it
may have been, Gen. 3: 1; it might
have been; perhaps it was, and you and
I knew it; clnnchuka onali chalek? did I
not go to your house (and you knew it)?

chali, v. n., to be possible, and some
thing known to both speaker and
hearer.

chali, v. a. i., to stride; to walk fast.

chali, a., fast; swift.

chali, n., a fast walker.

chalichi, v. t. caus., to cause to walk
fast; to make him walk fast.

chalik, adv., possibly; perhaps; surely,
and known (chalek, Gen. 3: 1, old
translation; hachimachi chalek).

chalin, adv., possibly; probably; same
as chalek, but referring to a more remote
past time.

chamak, n., a clink.

chamakachi, chamankachi, v. a. i., to
clink; to say chamak.

chamo, a., past, gone by and remotely;
kamo and kamo express a time that is
recent. These words can be translated
by was, were, have been, chamo is used
for renewed mention and indicates
something seen or well known to the
speaker; t/ohmi d>amo, it was so. There
is another mode of expressing the same
idea, viz., i/ohmin, it was so, and I saw
it; lakofjinn, he has recovered to my
personal knowledge.

chamo, v. n., to be past.

chamo, adv., used after verbs, and not
only Qualifies them, but also indicates

the remote past tense and that the
thing spoken of was seen or well known
to the speaker, as though he were an
eye or ear witness; still tok is used by
some speakers before chamo. See kamo
and kamo.

champko, n., the shin.

champulachi, v. t., to sweeten; to honey.

champuli, n., sweetness; honey.

champuli, a., sweet; grateful to the
taste; grateful to the heart; dulcet; lus
cious; saccharine.

champuli, v. n., to be sweet.

champuli, pp., sweetened.

champuli, n., sweetness; honey.

chanahachi, v. t. pi., to turn them
around; to roll them over; to cause
them to run around.

chanaia; itachanaia, v. a. i., to be two
together alone, like an old man and
woman at home alone.

chanakbi, v. n., to be crooked; see
chinakbi.

chanakbichi, see chinakbichi.

chanashik, n., a large yellow wasp.

chanalli, v. a. i., to roll over; to move
or run on wheels, as a wagon; to run;
to roll; to turn; to turn over, as a
wheel, not as a log (tonoli, to roll over
as a log); itachanalli, to roll together.

chanalli, n. pi., a wheel; a circle.

chanalli, n., a rotation.

chanallichi, v. t., to roll; to turn it over;
to wheel; itachanalli chi, to roll them to
gether.

chanichi, v. t. sing., to roll; to turn
around; to cause to run round, as a
wheel.

chanla, a., dry, as corn and hickory
meats; dry and tough; cured.

chanli, v. t., to chop; to cut with an ax
or hoe by striking; to gash; chali, sub-
positive, to peck; to hew; to strike with
the teeth, as a venomous serpent; to
chop (modern); to hurt; to pick; to
slash; chanheU; chanlit tablilok, cut off,
Mark 14: 47; ilechanli, to cut himself;
itinchanli, to peck or to chop each other.

chanli, n., one who chops; a pecker; "a
hewer," Josh. 9: 21.

chanlichi, v. t., to cause to chop.

chant, contracted from chanlit; the t has
the force of the conj. and.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

99

chant akkachi, v. t., to cut down or to
chop and bring down; chanlit akacJii,
cut it down; Luke 13: 7.

chant kinaffi, v. t., to cut down; or to
chop and fell.

chant lakot bakli, v. t. , to score.

chant tapli, v. t., to cut off; to chop and
sever; chanlit tabli, Mark 14: 47.

chant tushtuli, v. t., to hack, or to chop
and cut up fine.

Chanueli, n., January.

chansa, chans, n., a sound in the ear; a
tingle, 1 Sam. 8: 11; 2 Kings 21: 12.

chansa, a., shrill.

chansa, v. n., to be shrill.

chansa, v. a. i. , to shrill ; to utter an acute,
piercing sound; to shriek; to tingle, as
the ear. See 1 Sam. 3: 11.

chasaloha, v. n., to be crooked.

chasaloha, n., crooks; bends.

chasaloha, chassaloha, a., pi. of cha-
sola, crooked; bent; having hollows or
bends; pass., warped; ikchasaloho, un-
warped.

chasalohachi, v. t. pi., to make them
crooked, or to make crooks; to warp.

chasala, a., crooked; bent; having a
hollow or bend; waJc noli chasala, a
crooked-back cow.

chasala, pass., warped; bent; ikchasalo,
a., un warped; unbent.

chasala, v. a. i., to warp; to bend; ili-
basha at chasala, the plank warps.

chasala, n., a bend; a crook; a warp.

chasalachi, v. t., to crook; to bend; to
make crooked; to warp; hashi at itiba-
sha yan ontomi kat chasalachi, the sun
which shines on the plank warps it.

chasalla, v. n., to be crooked or bent.

chasalli, v. a. i., to glance off.

chasallichi, v. t., to turn it; to glance off.

chash, the said ; the same, known to both
speaker and hearer, and in remote
past time; chash and its compounds
are used as simple or compound rela
tive pronouns in relation to subjects
that are past; it may be called a per
sonal pronoun in the remote past tense;
kash and kash (q. v. ) refer to the im
mediate past tense; chash signifies the
same which; the said; late, known to
both speaker and hearer; a renewred
mention particle; oh chash, it is the
said; being "the said"; used in calling

the dead to mind, or in speaking of
them, instead of mentioning their
names. Compounds: ch<i,nh!nli, the
same also which was; compounded of
chash and inli, same, also — chash ket the
same that was; that which; a/u-Jiashket,
that is what I said but recently, and
you know it; it is in the nom. case; ket
may be formed from kat or it may be
from ke and t, like ke.xh from ke and sh —
chashkia, even the same which was, and
you knew it — cha«hkint, the same which
was, but more remote than cJiaah k<-t,
in the nom. case — chashon, the same
which; the said one (in the obj. case);
see grammar for these particles or arti
cle pronouns — chashocha — chasJioka —
chashokako — chashokakosh — chashokano
— chashokat — chashokato — chashoke —
chashokia — chashoma — diasJiona — chash-
osh — chashot.

chasha, chasha, n.; inchasha, his rat
tles; sintulo inchasha, the rattles of the
rattle snake.

chashahachechi, v. t., to make him
rattle; to rattle.

chansha, v. a. i., to rattle, like a rattle
snake.

chashahachi, v. t. pi., to rustle; to rat
tle, as the rattlesnake; sintulo at chasha
hachi, the rattlesnake rattles.

chashaiyi, v. a. i., to be round and ele
vated, as a mound.

chashak, n., a rustling; a rattling — a sin
gle motion.

chashakachi, v. a. i. sing., to rustle once;
it says chashak.

chashakachi, n., a rattling; a rustling.

chashampik, n., a grindstone (called
also tal ashuahchi and tashika).

chashana, v. a. i. , to hang over and own
as the skirts of a common coat.

chashana, a., having skirts that hang
down; hanging over and down, as na
foka chasJiana, a coat.

chashanachi, v. t., to cause to hang over.

chashap, n., a variety of grasshopper.

chashlichi, v. t., to rattle; to make a
rustling noise.

chanshpo (aSixtowns word), a., former;
ancient; of things, or time: nilak chan-
shpo, a former day; future, like tikba;
first in order.

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[BULL. 46

chanshpo, v. n., to be ancient, or of
former times.

chanshpo, adv., formerly; anciently; be
fore; former time; in ancient times;
"before time," Josh. 11: 10; 14: 15.

chato, chatoh, adv.; in okishko chatoh.

chat ok, adv., commonly; usually; al
ways; ever. This form implies also
the remote past tense. The particles
,vhich are used after tok are used after
chatok, generally. In the past tense
chatok may be rendered, has been
usually, always has been, etc.; chatuk
and chatok are often used with verbs to
express general truths or common us
age, custom, etc., and when used in
reference to persons it is implied that
they are alive. For the dead, bekatok
is used instead of chatok; ishla cliatokof
did you ever come here? alali chatok
keyu, I never came here.

chatok, v. n., to have been always so;
to have been usually so; was so
always; tok is the sign of the remote
past tense and not connected with the
present.

chatoshba, adv., never.

chatoshba, v. n., never to be so.

chatoshke, in hash yamohmi chatoshke,
page 130, Chahta Holisso Atukla.

chatuk, adv., usually has been and still
is, etc.; commonly; usually. This
word differs from the other, chatok,
only in the last syllable and means the
immediate past tense and up to the
present time, John 2: 10; Matt. 5: 21;
6:2,5; 17:25; ehahaklo chatuk okat, Josh.
2: 10. "bilia" is used for always —
Matt. 3: 10; 12: 4, 33; 18: 12; chatuka-
tok, Matt. 27: 15. chatuk keyu, adv.,
never has been; never was; never has;
ne'er; Josh. 3:4.

chauala, a., slim; tall and slender, ap
plied to the figure of a horse; issuba
liat cliauala, the horse is tall and slender.

chawana, a., crooked.

chawana, v. n., to be crooked.

chawana, n., a crook; a hook.

chanya, pass., cut; chopped; gashed;
pi-eked, Matt. 3: 10; ikchayo, a., un-
wounded; unchopped.

chanya, n., a gash.

chanyat pashanfa, n. , a gash made by an

chabbi, v. t., to dip into oil, honey, or
grease.

chabiha, a., a few; some; scarce.

chabiha, v. n., to be a few, some, scarce;
chabiha keyu, not scarce.

chabiha, n., a scarcity.

chabiha keyu, n., no want; no scarcity.

chabihachi, v. t., to render scarce; to
make a few or a small number.

chabihasi, dim. a., a very few; a few.

chabihasi, v. n., to be a very few.

chabli, n., dry bark.

chach, n., a church, Matt. 18: 17.

chafa, v. a. i. sing., to run; to flee; chan-
/«, cha1ianfa, chaiyafa; chahanfa, 2 Sam.
24: 13.

chafa, pp., fled; banished; chased away;
exiled; expelled.

chafa, n., a runner; an exile; a flier.

chafa, n., a flight.

chafali (from achqfa) , v. t., to make one;
to do one; to one; kana kia ikimikshokma
inchqfalashke, if there is any one who
has none, give one to him, Luke 3: 11.

chafichi, chaffichi, v. t., cans, (from
chafa}, to send off, Matt. 11: 10; 15: 23;
to cause to flee; to drive off; to banish;
to exile; to expatriate; to expel; to
rouse; to run; to rid; to spring, Mark,
12: 3, 4, 5, 6; to send men, Josh. 2: 1;
achaffichi, to send from, Josh. 14: 7.

chafichi, n., a sender; a driver.

chakali, chakali (q. v. ), a., pregnant.

chakbi, n., a projection beyond sur
rounding objects; an overplus; a contin
uation; chakchubi, pi.

chakchak, n., a small speckled wood
pecker with a red head.

chalhchakachechi, v. t., to cause them
to shine, sparkle, twinkle, etc.

chalhchakachi, v. a. i. pi., to si line; to
glisten; to sparkle, as particles of oil on
the surface of warm water; to twinkle
as the stars; to scintillate.

chalhchakachi, n., a twinkling; a shin
ing.

chalhchaki, v. a. i. sing., to sparkle.

chalhchaki, n., a spark, a sparkling.

chalhpi, see akchalhpl.

chalabakko, n., name of a fish of the
sucker genus.

chalakachi, v. a. i., to rattle.

chalakchi, n., a rattling.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCT^vV LANGUAGE

101

chamakachi, v. a. i., to clank; to rattle;

to ring; asonak at chamakachi, the ket
tle rattles or rings.
chamakachi, n., clank; ringing; din;

noise; clangor.
chamalichi, v. t., to clank; to make din

or clangor.

champoa, see chimpoa.
chanafila, shanafila, n., black haw; a

haw.
chanaha, v. a. i., to turn round; to roll

over; to coil; to curl; to roll, as the

wheel of a carriage; to round; to wheel,
chanaha, n., a wheel; a circle; a coil; a

felly; a ring; around; roundness; aseta

chanaha, a coil of rope.
chanaha, v. t., to coil up, as a serpent;

to querl; to turn,
chanaha, a., rotund; coiled up; round;

being in a circle; orbed; pass., rolled;

ikchanaho, a., uncoiled.
chanaha folota achafa, n., a square; a

circuit.

chanaha holitopa, n., a hack,
chanaha iklanna, 11., a semicircle,
chanahachi, v. t., to coil; to roll; to

round.

chanal, n., a general (from the English).
channi, pp. sing., probably from chan-

ichi, (q. v.).

channichi, v. t., to roll a wheel,
chassaloha, see chasaloha.
chassalohachi, see chasalohachi.
chasha, chasha (q. v.), n., inchasha, his

rattles; those of the rattlesnake,
chashanoha, v. a. i., to be long tailed,

like some coats.
chashwa, n., sinews of the loins; in-

chaditca, his sinews of the loins,
chashwa nipi, n., the flesh of the loins;

the loin; the tenderloin; inchashwa, his

sinews of the loins; inchashwa nipi, n.,

his loin.

chechik, adv., probably; likely; per
haps.

chechik, v. n., to be likely, or probable,
chechike, adv., prot;ably; spoken by

way of inquiry and in modesty.
chechike, v. n., to be probable.
chechuk, adv., probably; expressing a

supposition.

cheki, a., speedy; quick; near; late; re
cent.
cheki, v. n., to be near, etc.

cheki, adv., -auon; immediately; newly;
quickly; recently; chekihiia, in a short
time, i. e., when it is soon, from cheki
and kma.

chekichi, v. t., to cause it to be soon; to
hurry.

chekikash, adv., lately. See l-axh, late,
recently.

chekikash, v. n., to be lately, in refer
ence to things past.

chekusi, a., very near; immediate; soon;
used in reference to the future; a dim
inutive formed from cheki and im or
ushi.

chekusi, v. n., to be very near in time,
or soon.

chekusi, adv., very soon, immediately;
forthwith; quickly, Josh. 2:5; straight;
shortly; straightway; thereupon.

chekusi f ehna,adv., quickly, Josh. 3 : 19.

chekusi kania, a., transitory; passing
away very soon.

chekusi ont ia, a., transient; passing by
very soon.

chekusikash, adv., latterly; recently.

chekusikma, v. n. sub. mood, when it
shall have been a short time.

chekusikma, adv., in a short time; after
a short time.

chelahpi, n., the animal which has young
for the first time, as heifers, etc.

chelahpi, n., the firstling; the first prod
uce or offspring, Gen. 4:4; from cheli
and ahpi,ihe first, as tofahpi, spring, lit.
the first of summer; likba attahpi, the
first born, Rom. 8 : 29.

cheli, v. t., to bear; to bring forth young,
applied to animals and some plants and
not to the human species; to cub; to foal;
to teem; to whelp; to lay; to calve; to
pig; to spawn; to kid; to breed; to blow;
to deposit eggs, as flies; to bear, as vines;
okchank at cheli, the muskmelon bears;
shukshi at cheli, the watermelon bears;
isito at cheli, the pumpkin bears; to
draw interest, as money lent out; tali
Jiolisso at cheli, the money bears interest.

cheli, v. a. i., to propagate; oncheli, v. t.,
to prime a gun; to lay on the powder;
pass., onchinna.

cheli, n., parturition.

cheli, n., a breeder; the female that
breeds or produces.

102

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

cheli imponna, a., prolific, skilled in
bearing.

chelichi, v. t., to cause to bear or breed;
to cause to bring interest; to put out on
interest; acJielichi hash akhoyo chof Luke
19: 23. See also Matt. 25: 27, where
itshi is used for interest or usury.

Chelusalim, Chilusalim, n., Jerusalem.

chepulechi, v. t. , to make a feast, ban
quet, festival; to dance; to feast; impa
chito ikbi is used in the New Testament
translation.

chepulli, n., a feast; a great feast; a ban
quet; a frolic; a great dance; an Indian
feast or a heathen feast.

chepulli, v. a. i., to attend a feast; to
feast and to dance; to frolic.

chepullit ansha, v. a. i., to have a feast;
to be at a feast.

chetoma, adv. , for chintoma, in the future;
see tuina.

chi, ch, pro., thou, nom. case 2d per. sing,
of neuter verbs, chinukshopa na, Luke
1: 13; chilbqsha, thou art poor; chilli,
thou diest.

chi, ch, thou, nom. case 2d per. sing,
of passive verbs, as chinqla, thou art
wounded.

chi, ch, thee in the obj. case before active
transitive verbs; chipesali, I see thee;
chithanali, I know thee; cf. chitikba, be
fore thee, Matt. 11: 10.

chi, is prefixed to nouns of near relation
or family interest; chitekchi, Matt. 1:
20. It is applied to the family dog,
chipaf.

Chi, ch, poss. pro., thy; prefixed (with a
few exceptions) to the names of the
body and most of its members, as chi-
chnnkqsh, thy heart; chibbak, thy hand.

chi, a diminutive, in kapqsqchi, coolish;
hochukwqchi, chilly.

chi, sign of the causal form, meaning to
cause, to make, to render; as m'mti, to
come; mintichi, to cause to come, etc.
eld is also suffixed to adjectives,
etc., as kqllo, a., strong, hard; kqllochi,
to make it hard or strong; to harden;
Salmon 13 a Cliona chia hat na chiyuk-
pasltke, Blessed art thou Simon Bar-
Jonah, Matt. 10: 17. clii is also suffixed
to adjectives, verbs, and adverbs to
make v. t. in the caus. form, chumpa,
chumpqchi; kqllo, kqllochi; fehna, fehnq-

chi. It is a "particle of form " or the
causative form of verbs.

chi, a suffix to verbs, which take the lo
catives a or ai; others make a new form
of verbs, where one thing is made to
act on or with another; onush ash
haiyunkpolo yon ant ahokchichi tok, Matt.
13: 25; Judg. 16: 13.

chin, thy and thine, prefixed poss. pro.,
meaning " thy," prefixed to nouns that
do not begin with a vowel or the con
sonants p, ch, I, t. See chim and chin.
chinholisso, thy book; chinhatak, thy hus
band; chinhina, thy way, Matt. 11: 10.

chin, prefixed per. pro. in the dative case
before verbs, and usually translated
with a prep., as, of thee, to thee, for
thee, from thee, against thee. It is
found before verbs which do not begin
with a vowel or p, ch, I, or t. See
chim, which is written before vowels
and diphthongs.

chin, 2d per. sing., poss., thine, thy, re
moved from the noun in the nom. and
placed before the verb, as tali holisso
chinhotina, he has counted your money,
instead of chintqli holisso hotina.

chin, achin, sign of the immediate future
tense of the indicative mood, shall, will;
achin is the true form; the final vowel of
the verb is dropped when achin is suf
fixed, as chumpa, chumpachin, he shall
buy; minti, mintaddn, he shall come;
haklo, haklachin, he shall hear.

chia, sub. pro., 2d per. sing.; thou; thee;
chia ma, Matt. 1: 20; chia hok'i, Matt.
5: 22; 7: 5; Kapenoqm chia, thou Caper
naum, Matt. 11: 23; chia hon, thou art,
Matt. 16: 14; Pita chia, thou art Peter,
Matt. 16: 18; chia ma, O thou, Matt. 14:
31; chia ho™, Matt. 14: 33; chiarna,
Matt. 15: 22; chisJino akosh sqso anholi-
topa chia hoke, Luke 3: 22; chishno ako^
nan isht achia saiyukpa makoke, Luke,
3: 22; na hollo chiahoke, thou art a white
man. It is now called a substantive
personal pronoun, as the verb to be is
used in translating it, thus chia, thou
art, sia, I am. Lewi usJd chia ma; Matt.
1: 20; Cldhowa usld chia hokmqt, Matt.
4:3; chiqshke, from chia, thou art, John
1: 49; Chlhomi uxlri cldqshke, thou art
the Son of God.

chiashke, see chinshki.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

103

chibak, chibuk, n., a noise, such as is
made by the falling of a stone into
water.

chibakachi, chibukachi, v. a. i., to
make a noise; to say chibak.

chibanko, n., the shin. — J. E.

chibokachi, v. a. i., to work, as a liquid;
to ferment, etc.

chibolichi, see chobolichi.

chinchint, adv., will not; can not.

chichonli, v. a. i., to be coarsegrained or
gritted, like a grindstone.

chiffoko, see Josh. 8: 28; 10: 27; chiffo™-
kot, a heap of rubbish; chiffokohonchi,
2 Kings 19: 25.

chihakli, see chilukli.

Chihowa, n., Jehovah; the Scripture
name of the Supreme Being; Deity;
God; Judge; the Supreme Being; Chi
howa achafa kia tuchina, Inki, Ushi, Shil-
ombish holitopa, n., the Trinity.

Chihowa aiasha, n., the throne of Je
hovah; the dwelling place of Jehovah.

Chihowa aiokpachi, v. t., to worship
Jehovah; nanakia obit Chihowa isht ai
okpachi, v. t., to immolate.

Chihowa aiokpachi, n. , a worshiper of
Jehovah.

Chihowa aiokpachi, n., the worship of
Jehovah.

Chihowa apiliechika, n., the kingdom
of Jehovah.

Chihowa abanumpa, n., divinity; the
ology; the revelation from God.

Chihowa chitokaka, n., the Lord God,
or the God Jehovah.

Chihowa hobachi, n., an idol; an image
of God used in idol worship.

Chihowa hobachit ikbi, v. t., to deify;
to make an image of God.

Chihowa hobachit ikbit aiokpachi, n.,
an idolater.

Chihowa ikimantio, n., impiety; un
godliness.

Chihowa ikimantio, a., impious; un
godly.

Chihowa imantia, v. t., to obey Je
hovah.

Chihowa imanumpa alhpisa pokoli, n.,
the decalogue; the ten commandments
of Jehovah.

Chihowa inchukfalhpo yushi, 11., the
Lamb of God, John 1: 29.

Chihowa inyimmi keyu, n., impiety.
Chihowa pallammi, Chihowa palam-

mi, the Almighty God.
Chihowa ushi, n., the Son of God.
chiishke, chishke, v. n., to be likely;

to be probable; onatok chishke: Ch. Sk.,

p. 12, sec. 6.
chik, likely to be so, asiala chik, probably

I shall go.
chik, used for ish; chik sit itaklammi hoh

kia, Judg. 13: 15; chik aPya ki<t, Luke

9: 57; Matt. 8: 19.
chik, thou, pro. 2d per. sing, of the neg.

verbal form, as chikono, thou dost not

go to it.
chinka, v. a. i., to squeal; shukha yat

chinka, the hog squeals.
chinka, n., a squealer,
chikchik, n., a small species of wren;

a small wren; okchiloha is the name of

the common wren.
chikchikechi, v. t., to make spotted or

speckled.
chikchiki, pass., speckled; spotted with

small spots; freckled.
chikchiki, n., small spots; small check;

a freckle; freckles.
chike, v. n., to be hereafter; as, it will

be so; it may be so; kucJta kapassa cAin-

ke, there will be cold weather.
chinke, n., thy father, Matt. 15: 4.
chikfikowa, see Itiikfikowa.
chikinha, v. t,, to jog with the hand,

elbow, or foot; to peck like a hen.
chikinha, n., a jog; a slight blow.
chikihah, v. a. i., to be thick and close

together, like corn or piles of manure,
chikimba, v. 11., not to be so; to be mis
taken; it is a mistake.
chikimba, adv., no; not.
chikinoha, see kinoha.
chikisana, a., bent; twisted; having a

twisted neck, or one bent sideways,
chikisana, v. n., to be bent or twisted;

to have a twisted neck,
chikisanali, a., bent; twisted; crooked;

having a twisted or crooked neck,
chikisanali, v. n., to be bent, twisted, or

crooked.
chikki (an old word), a., old" past; gone

by; middling old; partly worn.
chikki, v. n., to be old.
chikki chi, v. t. cans., to make old.

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[BULL. 46

chiksanakli, sing., to dodge, or bend the
body suddenly; see halakli, kanakli,
slio/al'li.

chiksanali, a. , bent; inclined to one side,
like a crooked neck.

chiksanalli, v. a. i., to bend one's self;
to incline.

chilank, n., a scream.

chilankachi, v. a. i., to scream.

chilakbi, chalakbi, a. , hard ; dry and stiff,
as a dry hide.

chilakbi, v. n., to be dry; to be stiff, as
a hide or leather.

chilakbi, v. a. i., to stiffen.

chilakbi, pass., dried; stiffened; starched.

chilakbi, n., stiffness.

chilakbichi, v. t., to stiffen; to harden;
to dry; to starch; to size thread.

chilakchawa, n., a common wart.

chilakto, chulakto, a., forked; split; clo
ven ; iyi chilakto, a forked foot ; a clo
ven foot.

chilakto, v. n. , to be forked ; to be cloven.

chilaktochi, v. t., to split; to cleave; to
make forked.

chilakwa, chalakwa n., the smallpox;
a pock; hashtap inchilakwa, chicken
pox.

chilakwa abi, a., sick with the smallpox.

chilakwa abi, v. n., to be attacked by the
smallpox; to have the smallpox; chi
lakwa sqbi, I have the smallpox; n.,
cancer.

chilantak, chalantak, n., the small red
headed woodpecker.

chilantakoba, n., the pelican, or a bird
resembling the chilantak.

chilanwa, halanchilawa, n., a lizard.

chiletalli, chilitalli, v. t., to inflame; to
animate.

chilhpatha, chilhpata api, n., the Span
ish oak.

chililli, v. a. 1., to provoke.

chiliswa, n., the measles.

chiliswa abi, a., sick with the measles;
attacked with the measles.

chiliswa abi, v. n., to be attacked with
the measles; to have the measles; to be
sick with the measles.

chilita, n., •keenness; resolution; spunk.

chilita, a., fierce; ardent; zealous; reso
lute; brave; animated; doughty; intent;
keen; masculine; rude; sharp; spirited;
strenuous; urgent, Josh. 1: 14.

chilita, v. n., to be fierce, zealous, ar
dent, brave.

chilita, pass., inflamed; animated; pro
voked.

chilitachi, v. t., to animate; to inflame;
to make zealous; to provoke.

chilitalli, see chiletalli.

chilofa, cbiloffi (q. v.), v. t., to pay; to
liquidate.

chilofa, n., payment.

chilofa, v. a. i., to fall; to drop, as leaves
from a tree, or as crumbs, Matt. 15: 27.

chilofa, pass., fallen; paid, as a debt;
ikcliilofo, a., unpaid; unliquidated.

chilofa, n., the falling; a falling.

chilofachi, v. t., to cause to fall; to cause
to pay.

chiloffi, v. t., to pay; to recompense; see
chilofa.

chiloha (see okchiloha], n., a wren.

chilosa, chulosa, a., still; quiet; calmed;
calm.

chilosa, chulusa, v. n., to be still, quiet,
calm; chulusqt talaiatok, Luke 8: 24.

chilosa, chulosa, n., a calm; a quiet.

chilosachi, v. t., to make a calm ; to quiet;
to calm.

chilpitha, n., name of a tree.

chiluk, chuluk, n. sing., a hole; a cavity;
a hollow; a pit; an eye, as the eye of a
needle; a chasm; a chink; hollowness;
a leak; an orifice; a vent; it is usually
applied to a cavity or hollow and not to a
hole through anything, for which other
words are used, as tukafa, tu^a, lumpa
(q.v.)-

chiluk, a., hollow; having a hole, as iti
chiluk, a hollow tree; chula puta kqi
cldluk at imansha, foxes have holes;
aboh a cJiiluk, an empty house.

chiluk chukoa, v. a. i., to hole; to enter
a hole.

chiluk ikbi, v. t., to hole; to make a hole.

chiluk iksho, a., tight.

chiluk toba, v. t., to chink; to open and
form a fissure.

chilukka, chiluka, v. t., to shell, as corn.

chilukka, pass., shelled.

chilukoa, pi., having holes; hollow;
broken.

chilukoa, n. pi., holes; pits.

Chilusalim, Chelusalim, n., Jerusalem,
Matt. 2:1; 3:5.

BYINGTON]

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105

Chilusalim hatak, n., a man of Jerusa
lem; a Jerusalem ite.

Chilusalim. okla, n., the people of Jeru
salem; Chelusalem okla moma aiena, all
Jerusalem with him, Matt. 2: 3.
chilafa, v. a. i., to peel up, as the skin
of boiled potatoes; nishkin at chilafa, to
open the eyes wildly, like sick people;
applied also to the eye of an untamed
horse.

chilakba, chiJakwa, chalakwa, cha-
lakba, n., the name of a serpent called
a copperhead. The best form is chilak
ba, in the Oklafalaia dialect,
chilanli, n., the scrofula; the king's evil;

struma.
chilanli, v. a. i., to have the king's evil;

scrofula.

chilanlichi, achilanlichi, v. t. caus., to
cause the king's evil; to cause a hard
swelling.
chilichi, in luak isht chilichi, to make fire

sparkle,
chilina, n. sing., a bruise of the flesh;

numbness from pain,
chilina, pass., bruised in the flesh,
chilinanchi, v. t., to make the cords

swell.

chilinoha, n. pi., great numbness or pain,
chilukli, chihakli, v. a. i., to limp; see

chahikli.

chim, dative pro., 2d per. sing, in the
dat. case before a noun beginning with
a vowel, as chimisuba, your horse, or, a
horse for you; chimanumpa han irnali-
tuk oke, I have given them thy word,
John 17: 14; Luke 7: 44. See chin an(\
chin, thy.

chim, dative per. pro., 2d per. sing, be
fore verbs beginning with a vowel, and
to be rendered with a prep., as, of thee,
for thee, to thee, from thee, as chimia,
chimona, he goes for you or to you;
chimanoli, he tells you; ano at chim-
anyali makoke, I come to thee, John
17: 11; chimaiyamohmashke, be it unto
thee, Matt. 15: 28.

chim, dative pro., 2d per. sing., before a
neuter verb formed from an adjective
and one which begins with a vowel, as
chimokpulo, thou art angry, or there is
bad to thee, or there is evil with thee;
this mode of expression is like " thou;"
, he loves it; it is dear to him;

or he is stingy; inholitopa, he loves it,
or it is sacred to him, etc.
chim, dative pro., used before neuter
verbs and where the pro. is not found
with the noun, as qlhtt rhimilli, your
child is dead; the child for thee is dead,
chimmi, pro. a. and pass, pro., thine;
thy.

chimmi, v. n., to be thine, as chimmi, it
is thine; chimmi hokma, when it is for
thee, Matt. 17: 4; John 17: 10.

chimmitoba, v. a. i., to become thine;
chimmihashke in last translation, Luke
4: 7.

chimpoa, champoa, v. a. i. pi., to be
small.

chin, thy; thine; dative pro., 2d per.
sing., before nouns beginning with the
letters ch, I, and t, as cldncl/uka, thy
house; chintakkon, thy peach; see chin
and chim.

chin, dative pro., before words beginning
with the letters ch, I, t; it is 2d per. sing,
and is usually to be rendered with a
prep, as of thee, for thee, to thee, from
thee; as chinchumpa, to buy of thee,
or for thee, or from thee; apat chin-
tali, they have eaten it all up for thee.

chin, thine; poss. pro., found before some
verbs, chiefly neuter, when not before
the noun in the nom. case, as tanrhi at
chintaha instead of chintanchi at taha.

chin, see chint.

chinachubi, pi., chinakbi, sing., a.,
hooked; crooked.

chinachubi, v. n., to be hooked; to be
crooked.

chinachubi, n. pi., hooks; crooks.

chinachubichi, v. t., to make them
crooked.

chinakbi, chanakbi, a. sing., hooked;
crooked.

chinakbi, v. n., to be crooked.

chinakbi, n., a crook; a hook; Ex. 27:11;
hooks.

chinakbichi, chanakbichi, v. t., to make
it crooked; to make a hook or crook;
to hook.

chini, achini, v. n., to seem so; to ap
pear so (when not before known).

chini, adv., apparently: seemingly; iksho
chini; achini (q. v.) has a different
meaning.

106

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chinifa, clienafa, n., a small piece; a bit.
chininffa, pass., pinched; chinowa, p. pi.
chinim, v. t. sing., to pinch with the

fingers, but not with any instrument;

to pick; chinoli, pi.

chinifri, n., a pincher; one who pinches.
chinim, n., a pinch,
chinisa, a., brindled; striped,
chinisa, v. n., to be brindled or striped,
chinisa, n., a small ground squirrel; a

chipmunk.
chinoli, v. t. pi., to pinch; to nibble; to

pick.

chinowa, pass, pi., pinched.
chinowa, n., a pinching,
chint, chin, adv., not; okpqnachin chint,

he will not destroy it; anli chint, hope

it is not true.
Chintail, n., a Gentile; Gentiles, Luke

2: 32; oklushi taloha puta, all nations.
Chintail, a., Gentile, Matt. 18: 17.
Chintail hatak, n., a Gentile, Matt. 18:

17.

Chintail okla, n., Gentiles.
chintok (more remote in time), should

have been; should be; was about to be;

about to have been,
chintuk (less remote in time), should

have been; was about to be; about to

have been.

chinuko, see chunoko.
chipinta, chipunta, a. pi., very small;

very fine; fine; naku^shi cJiipinta, very

fine shot.

chipinta, v. n., to be very small.
chipinta, chipunta, n., small ones; chi
punta ilqppa, Luke 17: 2.
chipintasi, n., particles,
cliipintasi, a. dim., quite small; from

dnplnta and ax/.

chipintasi, v. n., to be quite small,
chipintachi, v. t. cans, pi., to render them

cmite small.
chipota, n. pi., young children; little

ones, Matt. 10: 42; 18: 10, 14; children

(of Ammon), Josh. 12: 2; anchipotaaliha

ma, oh, my young children,
chipota, a., small.
chipunta, nasal form, being small; It-ndii

cltijmnta, sparrows, Matt. 10: 29; alia

chipunta, children, Matt. 2: 1(5; alia

chijnuita, little children, Mark 10: 14;

nani chipunta, little, Matt. 15: 34; 18: 3

chisa, n., nameof a tree; perhaps it should

be written chtsha, and is thus a post oak.
chinsa, n., name of a small bird, one kind

of sparrow.
Chisas, Jesus, Matt. 7: 28; Chinas ash-

osh, Matt. 8: 20.
Chisas Kilaist, Chisas Klaist, n., the

name of our Saviour, Mark 1: 1.
Chisas Kilaist imanumpeshi, n., an

apostle of Jesus Christ.
Chisas Kilaist inanisht alhpisa, n., a

sacrament; an ordinance of Jesus

Christ.
Chisas Kilaist isht anumpuli, n., an

evangelist.
chisbi, v. a. i. sing., to extend; to stretch;

to be continued in length,
chisbi, pass., stretched out; extended in

a line.
chisbichi, v. t., to extend; to stretch; to

draw out in length.
chisemo, v. a. i. sing., to stretch the

limbs, or the body; to yawn,
chisemo, pass., stretched out.
chisemoa, v. a. i. pi., to stretch the

limbs or the body.

chisemoa, pass., stretched; extended,
chisemochi, v. t., to extend; to stretch

another; to cause to stretch; chibbakan

chisemochi, stretch forth thine hand!

Matt. 12: 13; chisemochi, stretch forth

thine hand, Mark 3: 5.
chisemoli, v. t. pi., to stretch,
chiskilik, n., a blackjack, name of a va
riety of oak.
chiso, n., thy son, from iso, son; chiso

ilqppqt, this thy son, Luke 15: 30; sqso,

my son, Luke 15: 31.
chisoha, chusoha, v. a. i., to rattle; to

make a noise; t(ili yosh chisoha yoke, the

iron rattles,
chisoha, n., a rattling.
chisohachi, chusohachi, v. t., to rattle;

to make it rattle.
chisohachi, n., a rattler,
chisha, n., a post-oak tree and its acorn,
chishaiyi, n., a grasshopper that sings in

the night.
chishakko (seeitichishakko), n., an arbor;

a bush arbor; also see ahoshontika.
chishba, v. n., to be doubtful; kanioh-

inachin rjiixhba, it is doubtful how it

will bo. This is often translated "I

don't know," and is used in that sense.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

107

cliishba, a., doubtful; unknown; uncer
tain; perhaps.

chishba, adv., possibly and possibly not;
perhaps so, and perhaps not so.

chishinto, v. a. i., to be round and ele
vated, like a mound. See chashaiyi.

chinshka, n. , an infant girl; a babe; a
baby.

chinsh.ka keyu, n., an infant boy. This
expression and the above were used
in the southern part of the nation.

chishke, n., thy mother, Matt. 15: 4.

chishke, see chiishke.

chinshki, chiashki, v. n., to be proba
ble; used at the end of another verb, as
yohmi chishke, it is probable that it was
so; keyu chishke, Matt. 12: 7; okpula
chishke, it will be foul, Matt. 16: 23.

chinshki, adv., probably, will be.

chishno, pro., 2d per. sing., thou, Josh.
1: 2; chishno ato, Luke 7: 45,46; thou,
Matt. 6: 17; chishno akosh, Matt. 14: 33;
chishno at, thou, Matt. 16: 18; chishno,
akon chimmi, for thee. chishno, ob. c.,
thee; chishno a™, Matt. 3: 14; chishno
chinishkin, thy eye, Matt. 7:4; 17:27;
chishno, poss. pro., thine, thy; chishno
akinli, thyself; yourself; chishno yokan,
thine, in the obj. case; chishno yokat,
thine, in the nom. case.

chito (subpos. forms, chito, chitto,
chehto, chinto}; hochito, pi., n., size;
greatness; enlargement; the extent;
fullness; grandeur; growth; largeness;

• loudness; magnitude; majesty; scope;
splendor; sublimity; chito fehna, n.,
vastness.

chito (subpos. forms, chitto, chehto}, a.,
great, Matt. 13: 50; large; big; huge;
immense; heavy; capacious; august;
egregious; enormous; extensive; gigan
tic; grand; grievous; gross; handsome;
heavy; high, as a price; immense; lusty;
majestic; massive; mighty; noble; pro
fuse (as laksha chito); prominent; pro
tuberant; signal; capacious; splendid;
stocky; stout; sublime; superb; chitto;
a diminutive of chito, less than chito,
in music, low, base, grave; chieto, pro.
form of a.; chito fehna, a., herculean;
prodigious; thick, as hair, cane, etc.;
tremendous; unwieldy; vast; ikcJtito, a.,
scant; not great.

chito, v. n., to be large, chWiohvhifo
cJiinto ka, thy great name, Josh 7: 9;
cliinto, nasal form n<t chiyimtni kat chin-
toshke (thy path) excels or is great
(greater than others) , Matt. 15: 20; okln
cliinto, Matt. 4: 25; 5: 1; yammat rhinto,
Matt. 6:23; of great, Matt. 13:40; chm-
toshke, great is, Matt. 15: 28; chihinto,
freq.; chieto, pro. form.

chito, pass., made large; enlarged; dis
tended; chinto, nasal form, being made
large; the large one; cf., Matt, 2: 17,
18.

chito, adv., largely; profusely; thickly.

chitochi, v. t., to enlarge.

chitokaka, n., a prince; a great one.

chitokaka, n., a lord; sir; God, Luke
1: 25; John 4: 1; majesty; excellency;
honor; the great one, Matt. 7: 21
(chitokaka ma, Lord); 11: 25; 14: 28.

chitoli, a., loud; hard; large; stentorian.

chitoli, v. a. i., to swell; to enlarge; to
increase, as a storm of rain.

chitoli, v. t., to enlarge; to make louder
or larger; to do on a large scale; to di
late; to distend; to elevate; to rage;
to stretch; to swell, Josh. 6: 5; pi.
hochetoli.

chitolichi, v. t., to enhance; to enlarge;
to magnify.

chitolit, adv., hard; loudly; as chitolit
umba, it rains hard.

chitolit fiopa, v. a. i., to sigh; to breathe
loud.

chitolit fiopa, n., a sigh; also, a sigher.

chito t (a contraction of chitolit), adv.,
greatly; nobly.

chitot anumpuli, v. a. i., to rant.

chitot anumpuli, n., a ranter.

chitot fiopa, v. a. i., to heave; to sigh;
to puff; to wheeze.

chitot ia, v. a. i., to grow large; to en
large; to rise; to thrive.

chitot ishko, chitot nalli, v. t., to swig,
to drink largely; to swallow largely.

chitot nanabli, v. t , to quaff.

chitot nanabli, n., a quaffer.

chitot ola, chitot ola hinla, a. , sonorous.

chiya, chiyya, v. a. i. pi. pass., from cJteh,
v. t. (q. v.). It is applied to persons
and things and signifies to sit; to lie.
Some say that chii/a is strictly dual, but
it is not always thus used. It implies

108

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

that the sitting is for a time, like seated
on a bench, as a court; to stop and sit
down, not expecting to leave soon; ita-
chiya, to sit together; cldnya, nasal form,
Josh. 3: 2; 7: 21; pinchiyqshke, Luke 9:
13; chiJiinya, freq. ; chieya, chiyeya, pro.
form.

chiya, v. n., to be seated.

chiyulimi, see chohmi.

chiyuhmichi, see chohmichi.

cho, ha; sign of a question and having an
adverbial meaning also, like eh! in Eng
lish, Matt. 2: 2; 18: 1; Luke 3: 12;
cho implies ignorance in those who
inquire. It implies a question and a
demand for an answer. It is a strong
interrogative word; impa cho? Matt. 9:
11 ; compounds are yakohmichicho? John
2: 18; akcho? akchuba? or akchu? (which
last is said to be a contracted form of
(ak)chuba) , see Luke 7: 19, 20; hqssiachi
cho? Luke 6: 46. akchun? nanta chin cho?
Matt. 11: 3; akcho is used in disjunctive
forms of interrogation, or, Matt. 11: 3f
1 Kings 20: 15; 2 Sam. 24: 13; choba,
chuba, or chomba, is the perfect form
of the word; it is used in asking ques
tions where there is an alternative.

ch.obilh.kan, chobilhkash., n., chips.

chobohachi, v. a. i., to ripple; to roar,
as the running water of a stream.

chobohachi, n., a roaring of water.

chobokachi, chibokachi, v. a. i., to
bubble, as water.

chobokachi, chibokachi, n., the bub
bling of water.

chobolichi, chibolichi, v. t., to rinse; to
shake up; to shake, as water is shaken
iu a keg or cream in a churn when pro
ducing butter.

chohmi, chuhmi, a., like; similar; some
what; such; tolerable; choyuhmi, chi
yuhmi, Luke 6:10.

chohmi, v. n., to be like; to be similar;
to be as, Matt. 5:16; 6: 29; chohmitok, it
was like, Matt. 12:13; chohmihoke, is like
Matt. 13: 44, 46; to be so, Matt. 3: 17;
yarn ma kh ill ho™ cholnnit, even so, Matt.
7: 17; choyuhmi, chiyuhmi, pro.; cliiyuli-
mashke, Matt. 5: 48; hqshchiyuhmi,
Matt. 10: 16; ch'njuhtnl hoke, Luke 6: 48,
49; chiyuhmi. ma, Matt. 17: 2; 18: 3, 4.

chohxni, chiyuhmi, choyuhini, v. a. i.,
to do like; to act like; chiyuhmi, to be
come as, Josh. 7: 5; Matt. 10: 16.

chohmi, adv., somewhat; insomedegree;
measurably; moderately; in a limited
degree; to some extent; partly; par
tially; hardly; like; pretty; scarcely;
tolerably; achukma chohmi, kapqssa
chohmi.

ch-ohmichi, choyuhmichi, chiyuhmi
chi, v. t., caus., to make it like; to
cause it to resemble in some respects;
to do as, 1 Kings 10: 27; Josh. 1: 15;
ilechoyuhmichi, ilechohmichi, to make
yourself like, Luke 10: 27; to make as
if or to feign, Josh. 8: 15.

chohpa, n., the meat provided for a pole
pulling or Choctaw funeral which is
observed at the end of the days of
mourning; meat cured and dried; veni
son dried.

chokaxno (for kamo, see under letter k),
adv., always; usually; connected with
verbs when general customs, habits,
truths are expressed, see chatok; hak-
loli chokqmo, I always have heard it.

chokaxno, a., usual; wont; the said; the
definite known one; cho has the sense
of cha in chatuk.

chokash., a. and rel. pro., in past tense;
the said who was always, John 6: 42;
Ilqppqt anshqt nana asihinta chokqxh, rnak-
on keyu? "Is not this he that sat and
begged?" John 9: 8; hqshacJd cJiokqsh
oliclio? who ye say was, John 9: 19;
chokash o», Luke 7: 32 [?] ; ikchokqsh osh
2 Sam. 7: 6.

ch.okash.osh., etc., see kasli.

ch.onki, chunki, n., martin, a bird of a
particular kind.

chomi, a., such; like; and so on; and so
forth, or others of the kind; like the
et cetera taken from Latin in use among
the English.

chopa, v. a. i., to roar, as falling water
at a cascade.

ch.opilh.kash., chupillikash., n., chips;
trash; a dunghill, 1 Sam. 2: 8; dung,
Phil. 3: 8.

chopilak, chupilak, n., a swallow; a
chimney swallow.

chowa, a., displeased; offended; see
achowa; itachowa, 1 Tim. 3: 3.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

109

chowa, v. n., to be displeased; to be of

fended, Luke 7: 23.
chowa, v. a. i., to differ, as itacJiowa, to

dispute; to differ with each other,
choyuhmi, see choh)iii.
choyuhmichi, see chohmi.
Chu, n., a Jew, the Jews.
Chu, a., Jewish.
Chu chepuli chito, n., the Passover, the

great Jewish feast; a great Jewish feast.
Chuhatak, n., a Jew; a Hebrew; an

Israelite.

Chu ohoyo, n., a Jewess.
Chu okla, n., the Jewish nation; the

Jewish people; Jews; Chu okla inminko,

King of the Jews, Matt. 2: 2.
Chu okla imabohahanta, n., a Jewish

synagogue; a Jewish temple.
Chu yakni, n., Judea; Palestine; the

Jewish country.
chuala, n., a cedar,
chubuk, n., sound of a bell,
chufak, n., a nail; a spike; an awl; a

rowel; the little wheel of a spur; a

fork.

chufak ahokli, chufak aholhpi, chu
fak aiulhpi, n., an awrl haft; an awl

handle,
chufak chipinta, n. pi., tacks; brads;

small nails.

chufak chito, n., a spike; a large nail,
chufak chito isht ahonala, pp., spiked;

nailed with big nails.
chufak chito isht ahonalichi, v. t, to

spike.
chufak falakto, n., a forked nail; an

iron fork; a fork.
chufak ikbi, n., a nailer,
chufak isht ahonala, n., a hammer; a

nail hammer.
chufak isht bili, chufak isht impa, 11.,

a table fork. The common name is

chufak. — Capt. Shorn.
chufak iyalhfoa, chufak iyafoa, n., a

spur,
chufak nan isht achunli, n., a needle;

a sewing needle,
chufak nishkin, n., the eye of a needle;

a needle's eye.
chufak nishkin ansha, chufak ushi

nishkin ansha, 11., a needle; the son
of a nail that has an eye.
chufak nishkin lopulli achafa, 11., a
needleful.

chufak nushkobo chito, n., a hob nail.

chufak ush ikbi, n., a pin maker; a
needle maker.

chufak ushi, n., a pin; son of a nail; a
tack; a pin; a needle; a small nail; a
brad.

chufak ushi ashamoli, chufakush a-
shamoli, n., a pin cushion.

chufak ushi shuekachi, pp., unpinned.

chufak ushi shueli, v. t,. to unpin.

chufak wishakchi, n., the point of a
needle.

chufak wushala, n., the tine of a fork.

chufak yushkoboli, n., a pin with a
head, such as are used by females for
fastening their clothes.

chufak yushkololi, n., a tack; a short
nail; chufak yushkolushi, n. pi., tacks.

chuhmi, see chohmi.

chuk, sign of future imp. tense.

chuka, chukka, n., a house; a building;
a dwelling; a domicile; a cabin; an
abode; a residence; a seat; a home,
Matt. 8: 6; a nest; a den; the hole or
the abode of animals; a dome; an edi
fice; a habitation; housing; a mansion;
a mansion house; a structure; a tene
ment; chinchuka, thy house, Matt. 9:
6; chuka yon, an house, Matt. 10: 12;
7: 24, 25, 26, 27; inchuka kak ilia hoh
chalukoke, Matt. 13: 57; itinchuka, v. t.,
to keep house together; itinchukali, n.,
my husband, or my housemate, but
usually uttered by the woman.

chuka, v. a. i., to house or live; achukat
ahanta, Josh. 2: 15.

chuka abaiya, chukabaiya, n., a vaga
bond; a vagrant; one that wanders
from house to house.

chuka abaiya, a., vagrant.

chuka abaiya, v. n., to be vagrant; to
wander or go from house to house.

chuka abaiyachi, v. t. , to act as a vaga
bond; to go from house to house; chuka
abaiyqchil hachikitanowokashke, go not
from house to house! Luke 10: 7.

chuka abaiyat nowa, v. a. i., to gad
abou

chuka abaiyat nowa, n., a gadder; a
gadabout.

chuka abilinka, n., a neighbor, Josh. 9:
16; 20: 5.

chuka achafa ahalaia, a., domestic, per
taining to a family.

110

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chuka achafa, chukachafa, n., a

family; a household; a house, Luke

1: 27.
chuka afoha, n., an inn; a tavern; a

hotel; a house of rest.
chuka afoha hatak, n., a host; an inn
keeper,
chuka afoha inhikia, chuka afoha in-

talaia, n., a taverner; an innholder;

one to whom stands a house of rest.
chuka aholitopa, n., a sanctuary, or a

sacred house.
chuka aiitola, n., the site of a house;

the foundation of a house.
chuka aiontala, n., the foundation of

a house; the underpinning.
chuka akinli ashana, a., homespun;

spun in the house itself.
chuka akinli atoba, a., home made;

made in the house itself.
chuka anusi, n., a hotel; an inn; a

house of sleep, or where they sleep.
chuka apanta, n., a neighbor; an adjoin
ing house; chuka panta hatak, John 9;

8; Matt. 5: 43.
chuka apanta ansha, n., neighbors,

Lukel: 58.
chuka apantali, n., an adjoining house;

a neighbor.
chuka apalli, chukapalli, pi., in l^chuka-

palli, his neighbors.
chunka ansha, a., homebred.
chuka ansha, v. a. i., to be at home; to

sit at home.

chuka chaha, n., a tower; a high house,
chuka chukoa, v. a. i., to enter a house;

to house,
chuka foka, pass., housed; inchukafoka,

cooped; put in his house.
chuka foki, v. t., to house; inchuka

foki, to coop; to put in his house.
chuka hanta, n., a council house; a

state house; a senate house; a house of

peace and friendship; a white house;
the capitol; a temple.
chuka hukmi, v. t., to burn a house;
inla incJiuka Jmkmi, v. t., to burn the
house of another; 11., an incendiary,
chuka ikbi, n., a carpenter, Matt. 13: 55;

see chukikbi.

chuka impalata, a., homesick; longing
for home.

chuka impalata, v. n., to be homesick,
or he is homesick; chuka ampalata, I
am homesick.

chuka impalata, n., homesickness.

chuka ishi kanchak, n., a witch; a hob
goblin.

chuka isht alhpolosa, n. , mortar for a
house; daubing for a house.

chuka isht holmo, n., the roof of a
house; shingles for a house; covering
for a house.

chuka isht holmo ali, n., the eaves.

chuka isht holmo ibitahaka, n., the
eaves.

chuka itabana, n., the sides of a house.

chuka itabana, n., a log house.

chuka itabanni, n., a house raising.

chuka itontala, n., a story in a building.

chuka ituksita, n., a dooryard.

chuka lukonli, n., a number of houses
near each other; a neighborhood; a set
tlement.

chuka limishki, n., a framed house.

chuka na chokushpa, n., the furniture
of a house; household furniture.

chuka naksika, n. , the side of the house.

chuka osapa, n., homestead; the house
field.

chuka patali, v. t., to massacre.

chuka pallit anya, chuka pulalit anya,
v. a. i., to saunter; to act the vaga
bond.

chuka pila, adv., homeward; home
wards; toward the house.

chuka pulalit anya, chuka pulalit
nowa, n., a saunterer; a vagabond.

chukabaiya, see chuka abaiya.

chukachafa, n., a family; a house; a
household; lit. one house, Matt. 10: 6;
15: 24; Josh. 7: 14; see chuka achafa.
chukachafa abinili, n., a few; a seat for

a single family.

chukachafa isht atia, n., a house line
age, Lukel: 27, 33.

chukachafa nan isht atta, n., a stew
ard.

chukachafa peh'cheka, n., a house
holder; the ruler of a house; a house
keeper,
chukachafa pelichi, n., a housekeeper.

a householder, Matt. 13: 27.
chukafa, pp., plucked out; pulled out.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

111

chukafoha ohoyo, n. , a hostess; a woman

who keeps an inn.
chukah, in (ahchukah, indeed; something

uiilooked for by the speaker; from tah,

an adverb in the recent past tense;

ishlalahchukah or tohchukah, same but in

the remote past tense.
chukalaha, n., the present made in

food to a visitor.
chukalahachi, v. t. , to go in search of a

present in food; to obtain food as a

present,
chukalahachi, n., a visitor who comes

for food,
chukali, chukli, v. t., pp., pi., plucked

out; pulled out, as grass or hair; to

pluck out, etc. ; see chukaffi.
chukalichi, v. t. caus., to make him

pull out, or to pull out from another.
chukanakbila, see hachukbUa^kbila.
chukani, n., the common house fly; the

green-headed fly that blows meat, etc.
chukanicheli, v. t., to fly blow.
chukanushi, n., a fly-blow; a maggot.
chukanushi ansha, pp., fly-blown,
chukanushi laua, a., maggoty.
chukapanta, chuka apanta (q. v.), n.,

a neighbor; chuka palli, pi.
chukapalli, see chuka apalii.
chukapishia, n., an old-fashioned house

built with upright logs, and having a

shed all around it; a porch, Matt. 26:71.
chukashana, n., a houselock.
chukashaya, v. a. i., not to come out

even, in folding a handkerchief; itachu-

kashaya, to cross each other, as bridle

reins when crossed.
chukachi, a., mad.
chukaffi, v. t. sing., to pluck out; to pull

out; chukli, pi.
chukaffi, n., a plucker.
chukalbaska, n., the ribs of a house, or

roof.

chunkash, n., the heart; the center; the
stomach; the feelings; the affections;
spirits; conscience; pluck; the reins;
spirit; temper; disposition; a grain;
chu^kash akon aminti, Matt. 15: 18, 19;
chunkash yolibi, chunkash akanlosi, the
person; himself, Matt. 11: 29; chunk-
ash anunkaka okla ahnitok, think or say
within themselves, Matt. 9: 3; yakul
chunkash, heart of the earth, Matt. 12:

40; okla ilappa chunkasJt, this people's

heart; chunkax]i okato, their heart, Matt.

15: 8; inchunkaxli , his or her heart;

imichunkash (I once heard this form

used. — Byington).
chunkash achukma, n., a good heart;

grace.
chunkash akkanlusechi, v. t. , to daunt ; to

sink the spirits; to depress; to humble.
chunkash akkanlusi, n., melancholy; a

depressed heart or spirits; humility.
chunkash akkanlusi, v. a. i., to despond.
chunkash akkanlusi, pass., daunted;

spirits sunk; depressed; humbled.
chunkash akka^lusi, a., lowly, Matt. 11 :

29.
chunkash akkanlusi keyu, a., unhum-

bled.'
chunkash anli, n., a pure heart; a true

heart; a sincere heart; an honest heart;

sincerity.
chunkash apa, n., animalcule from

which mosquitoes grow, called wiggle-
tails.
chunkash banna, v. a. i. , to wish for with

the heart; the heart desires.
chunkash bila, pp., piqued.
chunkash bili, v. t., to pique.
chunkash chaha, a., high minded; high

hearted.
chunkash chaha, v. a. i., to be high

minded.
chunkash chumpa, v. t,, to bribe; to

buy the heart.
chunkash halupa, a., high tempered;

angry; having quick feelings.
chunkash halupa, v. n., to be high

tempered.
chunkash himmona, n. , a renewed heart ;

a new heart; regeneration.
chunkash himmona, pp., regenerated;

having the heart renewed.
chunkash himmona, a, , regenerate ; hav
ing a new heart.
chunkash himmonachi, v. t., to renew

the heart; to regenerate.
chunkash homi, n., a bitter heart; bit
terness of heart; a venomous temper;

fire; gall.

chunkash homi, a., fervent; fiery.
chunkash hominchi, v. t. , to envenom ; to

embitter the heart.

chunkash hutupa, n., a wounded heart;
an offended spirit.

112

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BUHL. 46

chunkash hutupa, pp., insulted; of
fended.

chunkash hutupali, v. t., to affront; to
wound the feelings; to insult; to offend.

chunkash hutupali, n., an offender.

chunkash ia, v. a. i., to desire; the heart
goes; to wish for.

chunkashikhotopo, a., unwounded; un-
offended.

chunkashiknakno, n., a hypochondriac;
a dispirited person.

chunkash illi, a., disheartened.

chunkash illichi, v. t., to dishearten.

chunkash imanukfila, n., the affections
of the heart; the thoughts of the heart.

chunkash imanukfila achukma, n.,
charity.

chunkash imanukfila nukoa, n., re
sentment.

chunkash inla, a., alienated; another
heart, generally used in a bad sense;
itinchunkash inlali, shaken in mind.

chunkash inla, v. n., to be alienated.

chunkash inlachi, v. t., to shake the
purpose; to change the mind or the
affections.

chunkash ishahinla, a., impressive; can
take the heart.

chunkash ishi, v. t., to Seize the heart; to
captivate; to overcome; to rap; to touch
the feelings; to charm; to steal the af
fections; to gain or get the affections;
to fascinate.

chunkash ishi, n., rapture; a spell.

chunkash kapassa, a., cold-hearted; in
sensible.

chunkash kallo, a., flint-hearted; hard
hearted; headstrong; obstinate.

chunkash kallo, n., hardness of heart;
obstinacy; sangfroid.

chunkash lua, v. a. i., to burn; to be in
flamed with passion.

chunkash lua, n., heartburn.

chunkash nakni, n. , hardihood ; bravery;
boldness of spirit.

chunkash nala, n., a wounded heart.

chunkash nala, pp., piqued; offended.

chunkash nali, v. t., to pique; to offend.

chunkash okpani, v. t., to demoralize;
to injure the heart.

chunkash okpulo, n., a bad heart.

chunkash okpulo, pp., demoralized;
ruined in heart.

chunkash shanaiachi, v. t., to wean the
affections; to pervert the heart.

chunkash tuklo, n., a double dealer.

chunkash tuklo, a., double-hearted.

chunkash walwaki, a,, tender-hearted.

chunkash weki, n., gravity.

chunkash weki, a., grave-minded.

chunkash yiminta, a.; hearty; zealous;
fierce-minded.

chunkash yohbi, n., a serene heart; a
subdued heart; a sanctified mind; clem
ency; meekness; righteousness.

chunkash yohbi, a., clement; as hatak
chunka8h yohbi, a clement man, or a
man of clemency; clever; familiar;
holy; meek, Matt. 11: 29.

chunkash yohbichi, v. t., to subdue the
heart; to sanctify the heart.

chunkash yukachi, v. t., to fascinate; to
captivate the heart.

chunkash yukpa, n., cheer; a joyful
heart; consolation.

chunkash yukpa atapa, n., ecstasy;
overgladness of heart.

chunkash yukpali, v. t., to console; to
feast; to rejoice the heart.

chukbaiyachi, v. t., to act the vaga
bond.

chukbaiyachi, n., a vagabond; a va
grant.

chukbi, n., the corner; the inside corner;
the lee; chukbeli, pi., corners, Rev. 7: 1.

chukbika, n., the corner; the place oc
cupied as a corner, Mark 12: 10, 11;
corner of a sea, Josh. 18: 14.

chukbilaklak, see cJmkkilakbila.

chunkcho, n., a fishhawk.

chukchu n., a maple; a soft maple,
the most common kind among the
Choctaw.

chukchu chito, chukchu imoshi, n.,
hard maple or big maple.

chukchu hapi champuli, n., maple
sugar.

chukchua, pass., tickled.

chukchua, n., a tickling.

chukchuki, v. a. i., to be spotted, like
cattle; see chikchiki.

chukchulli, v. t., to tickle.

chukchulli, n., a tickler.

chukfaluma, n., a cony burrow.

chukfalhpoba (Matt. 7: \'r, 15: 24; 18:
12), chukfi. alhpoba (John 10: .1, o, 7;
Matt. 12: 11, 12) chukfalhpow a, chukfi
alhpowa, n., a sheep; lit. a domesti
cated rabbit, This form of expression

BTINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

113

is used sometimes for the sake of dis
tinguishing the sheep from the rabbit;

chukfi alhpoba yon, the sheep, Matt.

10: 16.
chukfalhpowa apistikeli, chukfalh-

poba apesachi, n., a shepherd, John

10: 11.

chu.kfalh.powa hishi, n., wool.
chukfalhpowa inhollihta, n., a sheep-
fold, John 10: 1.

chukfalhpowa nakni, n., a ram; a buck.
chukfalhpowa nipi, n., mutton; the

flesh of sheep.

chukfalhpowa tek, n., a ewe.
chukf alhpoyushi, chukfi alhpowaushi,

chukfushi, n. , a lamb,
chukfi, n., a sheep, or a rabbit which is

the first definition as sheep have not

been long known among the Choctaw;

a cony.

chukfi aiasha, n., a sheepfold.
chukfi apesachi, n., a shepherd,
chukfi apistikeli, n., a shepherd,
chukfi alhpowaushi, see chuk/alhpoyushi.
chukfi hakshup, n., a sheepskin,
chukfi hishi, n., wool; sheep wool,
chukfi hislii almo, n., a fleece.
chukfi hishi almo, pp., fleeced,
chukfi hishi amo, v. t., to fleece; to

shear off wool; to shear sheep,
chukfi hishi amo, n., a shearer; a sheep

shearer, Acts 8: 32.
chukfi hishi itapana achafa, n., one

hank of woolen yarn,
chukfi hishi nan tanna, n., flannel;

woolen cloth; cloth made of wool.
chukfi hishi nan tanna aiskiachi, n.,

a clothier.

chukfi. hishi shana, n., woolen yarn,
chukfi hishi shapo, n., a felt; a hat

made of wool; a wool hat.
chukfi hishi tanna, n., flannel; woolen

cloth; woven wool,
chukfi imaseta, n., the vine which

grows and adheres to the bark of trees,

having a trumpet-shaped blossom. It

is said to be good in dysentery,
chukfi. isht abeka, n., the rot; a disease

among sheep; a fatal distemper incident

to sheep.

chukfi luma, n., a rabbit.
chukfi nakni, n. , a ram; a buck; the male

of the sheep; Joshua 6: 4, 5, 6, 8, 13.
84330°— Bull. 46—15 8

chukfi nishkin, n., a painful, obstinate

ulcer which comes on the foot or leg;

stone bruise on the thick muscles.
chukfi pattakata nakni, n., a buck; the

male of the hare,
chukfi pattakita, chukfi pattakata,

n., a hare.

chukfi tek, n., a ewe.
chukfi yoba, n., the cramp in the hand,
chukfikoa, nukfichoa (q. v.), n., the

hiccough or hickup.
chukfikoa, v. a. i., to have the hiccough;

to hiccough.

chukfikoli, v. t., to cause the hiccough,
chukfikolichi, v. t., to make him hic
cough.

chuktikpelo, n., the northeast.
chukfikpelo, a., northeast.
chukfitohtololi, n., a viper; "aground

rattlesnake. ' '
chukf oba, a. (from chukfi and Jiolba,

like), sheepish; like a sheep.
chukf oba, v. n., to be sheepish.
chukf oloha, a., dizzy; drunk; giddy.
chukf oloha, v. n., to be dizzy; to be

drunk,
chukf oloha, v. a. i., to stagger; to reel;

to swim in the head.
chukf oloha, n., dizziness; the vertigo;

giddiness; the staggers.
chukf ulli, chukf olli, chukf olulli, v. t.,

to stagger; to make dizzy; to cause to

swim; to cause to reel,
chukf ulli, a., dizzy; drunk,
chukfushi, n., a lamb; a young rabbit,
chukfushi holba, a., lamblike.
chukf ushicheli, v. t., to lamb; to bring

forth a lamb.
chunki, see chonJd.
chukikbi, n., a house maker; a house

wright; a joiner.
chukillissa, n., a deserted house; an

empty house; a vacant house; solitude,
chukillissa, a., desert; vacant; empty,

as a house that stands vacant; desolate;

waste; hachinchuka yat kachincJtulillis-

sat tan/aha, Matt. 23: 38.
chukillissa, chukilissa (from chuka&nd

•ilissa), v. t., to desert a house or houses

that are their own; ikchukillissa, Acts

1:20.
chukillissa, n., those who desert their

house.

114

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chukillissa, pp., desolated.

chukillissachi, v. t., to cause to desert
the house; to make another leave his
house; to desolate; to depopulate.

chukillissachi, n., a destroyer; one who
causes others to leave their homes.

chukimma, adv., homeward, home
wards.

chukimpata, n., a piazza.

chukka, see chuka.

chukkilakbila, chukkilakpila, ch.uk-
kilanpila, hachukbilankbila (q. v.),
chukbilaklak (Ch. Sp. Book, p. 55),
n., tLe whip-poor-will.

chukli, v» t. pi., to pluck out; to pull up,
as hair or grass, with the hands; chu-
kali, pp. ; chukoffi, sing; see chukali.

chukli, n., a plucker; one that plucks.

chuklampulli, hachuklampuli (q. v.),
tuklampuli, n., a cobweb; an air
thread; a spider's web; a spider's nest.

chukma, a., good; well; healthy. This
is usually written achukma.

chukma, v. n., to be good, well, healthy,
agreeable; iksancJiukmo, I am not well;
ikinchukmo, he is not wrell, Matt. 4: 23;
haknip ikincliukmo; inchukma, he is well.

chukoa, chukowa, v. t., to enter; to
go in; to come in; to thrust, Matt. 5:
20; 7: 21; 8: 5; 12: 4, 9; 13: 2; 17: 25; 18:
3, 8, 9; Josh. 1:11; 8:19; Luke 2:27;
4: 16; ikchukoo ahni, v. t., to admit; to
permit to enter; isht chukoa, v. t., to
carry in, Luke 4: 1; to take into; to ob
trude; ant chukowa, to come under,
Matt. 8: 8; to come in, Josh. 6: 1;
chukoyua, pro form; ibachukoa,v. t., to
invade; to enter with another; v. a. i.,
to obtrude; achukowa, n., an entrance,
Josh. 8:29.

chukoa, n., an entrance.

chukoa, n., an enterer; one who enters.

chukokhisa, n., a house door.

chukowa hinla, a., penetrable.

chukowahe keyu, a., impenetrable.

chukpalali, v. a. i., to shine dimly, as
on a cloudy day.

chukpalantak, hachukpalantak, n., a
tree toad.

chukulbi, n., a nook or point of land
lying in the bend of a creek or in a fork
between two creeks; bok chukulbi, the
fork of creeks; achukulbi, united; com

panionship; communications, 1 Cor. 15:
33.

chukushi, n., a small house; a cot; a cot
tage; a hut.

chukushi abeli, v. t., to hut.

chukuslimi, n., a desert; chukushmi foka
yan, John 6: 31.

chukushmi, a., sandy, sandish; yakni
chukushmi, sandy land.

chukushpa, a., small; fona chukushpa,
u their stuff ;" Josh. 7: 11.

chukushpa a., slanderous.

chukushpali, v. t., to amuse.

chukyiweta, chukyuata, v. a. i., to
loathe; to feel sick at the stomach.

chukyiweta, chukyuata, a., loathsome.

chula, n., a fox; chula puta kat, the foxes,
Matt. 8: 20.

chula aiabi, n. , a fox trap.

chula hishi, n., fox fur; fox hair.

chula holilabi, n., a mad fox; a rabid
fox.

chula isht abeka, n., a diarrhea; a loose
ness; a more modest way of speaking
than ikfia.

chula nakni, n., the male fox.

chula tasembo, n., a mad fox; a rabid
fox; a raving fox.

chula tek, n., the female fox.

chula ushi, chulushi, n., a young fox; a
cub.

chulahtunsh, n., a small variety of mush
room.

Chulai, ri., JCuly.

chulakto, chilakto (q. v.), a., forked;
cloven.

chulaktochi, v. t., to fork; to cleave.

chulabi, n., a fox hunter.

chulhah, v. a. i., to say chulh; to rumble,
as the bowels.

chulhkan, n., a spider.

chulhkan inchuka, n., a spider's nest;
a spider's web.

chulosa, chilosa, a., calm; quiet; still;
hush; mum; peaceful; quiescent.

chulosa, v. n., to be calm; to be quiet;
to be still.

chulosa, v. a. i., to become calm, quiet,
still, silent; 1 Sam. 2:9; to assuage; to
calm; to lull; to moderate; to subside;
chulusat talaiatok, Luke 8: 24.

chulosa, pass., becalmed; allayed; quiet
ed; appeased; hushed; lulled; moder
ated; stilled; unruffled.

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115

chulosa, n., moderation; peace; quiet;

quietness; silence.

chulosachi, v. t, to quiet; to still; to al
lay; to appease; to hush; to lull; to

moderate; to silence,
chulosachi, n., a calmer; a quieter; a

luller.
chuluk, chiluk (q. v.), n., a hole; a pit;

a cavity.

chulushi, see chula ushi.
chula, v. a. i. pi., to split; to shiver,
chula, pass., split; riven; slit; cut;

marked; surveyed, as land; laid off;

shivered.

chula, n., that which is split; strands.
chulafa,v. a. i. sing., to split off a piece;

to rive.

chulafa, pass., split; riven,
chulafa, n., that which is split; a piece

split off; a splinter; a shiver; a slit.
chulali, v. a. i. pi., to splinter; to shiver.
chulata, v. a. i. sing., to split; to scantle.
chulata, pp., split; slit; rived; riven;

split off from another piece; chulanta,

nasal form, being slit or rived,
chulata, n., a slit; a piece that is split

off; a shred; a slip; a strand; a slit in

the ear.
chulaffi, v. t. sing., to split off a piece;

to splinter; to cut off a piece (not to

tear it off).

chulaffi, n., a splitter,
chulalli, v. t, to split off a piece; to slit;

to shred.

chulalli, n., a splitter,
chuli, v. t. pi., to rive; to slit; to cut

out, as cloth when a garment is cut;

to shred; to subdivide; to lay off land

into sections or smaller portions; to

survey; yakniachuli, to survey the land;

iti an chuli, to slit up the wood; nantan-

na yan chuti, to cut up the cloth,
chuli, n., a splitter; a river; a slitter,

etc.; shivering.
chuloli, chulullih, to drip; chulohonli;

chulohonlit aba yakni.
chulotah, v. a. i., to fly, as a spark.
chumanko, n., the shin.
chumba, choba,adv., consequently, said

in anger by a child; chumba ialachin, so

I will be off; see cho.
chumpa, v. t. , to buy and pay with cash

at the time and not with a promise of

cash; to purchase; to redeem; to shop;

to negotiate; to ransom; he buyeth,
Matt. 13: 44, 46; ilitnpa cJtumpat tamaha
ilhkoli, John 4: 8; okla achumpashke,
they shall buy there, Matt. 14: 15; isht
chumpa, to buy with, Rev. 5: 9, 10;
chumpat pi/alaminchi, Gal. 3: 13; chuhpa,
subpositive form; chuhopa, immediate
future form, to buy now; ilediumpa, to
buy himself; to redeem himself, cho-
humpa, freq. ; choyumpa, pro. ; ikchumpo,
a., unbought.

chumpa, n., a buyer; a purchaser; a re
deemer.

chumpa, n., a purchase.

chumpa hinla, a., purchasable.

chumpa hinla, a., venal.

chumpahe keyu, a., irredeemable.

chumpachi, v. t., to cause to buy; to
make him buy.

chunasha, n., a moccasin snake.

chuncho, n., a bird of some kind.

Chuni, n., June.

chunna, a., lean; poor; spare; low in
flesh; meager; raw-boned.

chunna, pass., emaciated.

chunna, v. n., to be lean, poor, etc.

chunna, v. a. i., to emaciate; to fall
away.

chunna, n., leanness; poorness.

chunnachi, v. t, , to make lean, poor, etc.

chunna t ia, v. a. i., to waste; to wither.

chunukabi, n., the pleurisy.

chunukabi, a., sick with the pleurisy.

chunukabi, v. n., to be sick with the
pleurisy; to have the pleurisy; chunuko
sabi, I have the pleurisy; chinuko cliibi,
thou hast the pleurisy.

chunuko, chunoko, chinuko, n., the
side below the armpit; the pleura;
chinuko f oka akon, Rev. 1: 13.

chunuko takchi, v. t., to lace the chest;
isht takchi Jtosh hikiatok, Rev. 1: 13.

chunuko talakchi, pass., strait-laced.

chunuli, a., bowed down; bowed to
gether.

chunuli, v. n., to be bowed; to be bent
double, Luke 13 :11; chunohonli, freq.

chupilhkash, chopilhkash (q. v. ), n.,
chips; trash; sweepings.

chupilhkash isht piha,n.,a rake; a chip
rake.

chupilak, chopilak (q. v.), n., a chim
ney swallow.

chunsa, chinsa, n., a sparrow,

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[BULL. 46

chunsa, n., neck of a junk bottle.
chunsa, v. a. i., to be pointed or tapering;

smaller at one end than at the other,
chusoha, chisoha (q. v.), v. a. i., to

rattle.

chusoha, chisoha, n., a rattling,
chusohachi, chisohachi (q. v.), to rattle;

to make it rattle; to purl,
chusokachi, v. a. i., to chink,
chusolichi, v. t., to chink,
chusopa, v. a. i., to rattle, as chains,
chusopa, n., a rattling,
chusopa, a., rattling; tali chusopa, rattling

iron; a trace chain.

chusopachi, v. t., to cause it to rattle,
chushak, n., the back side of the neck

next to the shoulders,
chushak hishi, n., the mane,
chushak hishi ansha, a., maned; having

a mane.

chushak hishi kallo, n., bristles.
chunshkiksho, a., peevish,
chushukli, iachushukli, v. a. i., to he

lame,
chushukli, a., lame.

e prefixed per. pro. 1st per. pi. of active
verbs beginning with consonants, as
chanli, to chop; echanli, we chop; ehq-
chimolachi, ehac1iinya!ya, Matt. 11: 17.

ebi, we kill; let per. pi. irreg., from obi.

echi, v. t., used only in the imp., hand;
give; put this way into the hand; see
auechi; whtechi, v. a. i., to begin, Luke
24: 27.

eha, ehah, int., oh dear! heigh! heigh ho!

ehehe, int., la; alas.

eho, prefixed, per. pro. 1st per. inclu
sive, pi. of active verbs, beginning with
consonants, as ehocJianll, we all chop;
ehofokachin cho? shall we put on? Matt.
6:31.

eka; in yakni pakndk eka; see aika.

ela, we come (from ala to arrive), 1st
per. pi. irreg.

elefant, n., elephant; elefant noti, n.,
ivory, 1 Kings 10: 18.

elli, a., grievous; from illi.

ema, we give; 1st per. pi. irreg., from
ima, to give (q. v. ).

emo, we pick; we trim; 1st per. pi. irreg.,
from (DUO, to pick, to trim.

enchil, n., angel; the English word writ
ten in Choctaw; yammakoka imeuchil,

their angels, Matt. 18: 10; enchil okla,

angels, Luke 2: 15.
epa, we eat, 1st per. pi. irreg., from apa,

to eat.

Eplil, Epilil, n., April,
eshi, v. t., to take, from ishi (q. v.) ; eshi-

tok, 1 Sam. 2: 21. This is nothing more

than an intensive of ishi, requiring more

time for the action: ishi, to take; eshi,

to hold.

eshi, n., parturition,
eshichi, caus., to cause to take; ala eshi,

to travail, "to have a child," 1 Sam.

4: 19.
et, adv. this way, i. e., toward or in the

direction of the speaker, but not up to

him; auet. (q- v.) means quite to the

speaker.

fabaspoa, a. pi., long and slender.

fabaspoa, v. n., to be long and slender.

fabasfoa, a. pi., long and slender; slim.

fabassa, fobassa, a. sing., long and slen
der; slim.

fabassa, v. n., to be long and slender;
to be slim.

fabassachi, v. t., to make it long and
slender.

f abassat itonla, v. a. i. , to lie prostrate.

fabassoa, a. pi., long and slender; slim.

fabassoa, v. n., to be long and slender.

fachachi, v. t. pi., to throw with a stick,
which is done by holding a stick and
pressing the lower end of it against an
object on the ground and then making
the stick spring suddenly, whereby the
object is thrown; fachali, v. t. sing.;
facholi, pi.

fachama, pp. sing., thrown by a stick, as
described under fachachi.

fachamoa, pp. pi., thrown by a stick,
etc.

fachamoli,v. t. pi., to throw by spring
ing a stick, as above.

fachanli, fichanli (q. v.), fachanli, v. a.
i., to peel up, as bark on a tree, or to
scale; to open; to crack open; to burst
open, as a bur or pod; to scale, Dout.
28: 27.

fachanli, n., peeling up; the art of peel
ing; a crack; larJion-a. fnclinnli, Dent.
2S: 27.

fachanlichi, v. t., to cause to peel; to

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

117

fachammi, fichammi, v. t. sing., to
throw by springing a stick; cf. fachacJii,
pi.

fachammi, n., one who throws by spring
ing.

fachonwa, v. n., to be scaly; to have
scales, Deut. 14: 9.

faha, pp., waved.

fahakachechi v. t. cam, to swing; to
cause to vibrate; to vibrate.

fahakachi, v. a. i. pi., to swing slowly
and heavily, as a bag filled and laid
across a horse swings as he walks along;
to seesaw; to swingle; to vibrate; to
wave; to undulate; frequently, to swing
or wave, as a leaf in the wind; to vibrate,
as the pendulum of a clock; takant faha
kachi, v. a. i., to dangle; fahakanchi,
nasal form; fahakahanchi, freq. form.

fahakachi, fahakachi, pp., swung; made
to vibrate; vibrated; waved; whirled.

fahakachi, n., a vibration; a whirling.

fahali, fahali, v. a. i. pi., to swing; to
vibrate; to wave.

fahali, pp., swung; vibrated; shaken;
waved; single act like shalakli.

fahalichi, v. t. caus., to swing; to vi
brate; to shak6; to wave.

fahalichi, n., a swinger.

fahama, v. t. sing., to beat; to smite;
to strike.

fahama, pp., hurt.

fahama, n., a stripe; a lick; a blow; a
lash.

fahata, v. a. i. pi., to swing; to vibrate
a long distance, as a long rope or grape
vine, when suspended from a tree; to
oscillate.

fahata, pp.; swung; vibrated.

fahata, n., a swinging; a vibration.

fahatachi, v. t. pi., to swing; to vibrate;
to cause to swing.

fahammi, v. t., to sling; to throw side
ways with a whirling motion; to
scourge, Matt. 10: 17;fahammatpila,to
swing and throw; to hurl; to supplant;
to thrust a sickle, Rev. 14: 19.

fahammi, n. , a hurler.

fahattakachi, n., a swing; a swinging.

fahattakachi, fahattakachi, v. a. i.
sing., to swing; to turn; fahatkachi, v. t.
pi., to swing; also passive; fahgtkahan-

chi, pp., keep turning, Gen. 3: 24; to

turn every way, Gen. 3: 24.
fahfoa, v. a. i. pi., to move in various

directions; to whirl about,
fahfoa, pp., brandished; whirled about,
fahfuli, v. t. pi., to brandish; to move

about in various directions; to turn,

as to turn a grindstone; to move about

a sword, the arms, the feet (as a child),

or the tail (as a cow).
fahko, a. sing., long and slender; thin;

oski fahko; iti fahko; see fabaspoa.
fahko, v. n., to be long and slender; to

be thin.

fahkochi, v. t., to make long and slender.
fahpo, fappo (q. v.), n'., magic.
faiokachi, v. a. i., to stagger; to reel; to

shake; to wave, as growing grain in the

wind; to nod; to rock; to roll, as a boat;

to totter; to vacillate,
faiokachi, pp., rocked; shaken, Matt.

11: 7; faiokanchi, nasal form, reeling;

waving; faiokahanchi, freq., to reel; to

keep reeling.

faiokachi, n., a vacillation,
faioli, v. t. pi., to shake; to make them

reel; to make them wave.
faiolichi, v. t., to vibrate; to shake; to

cause to vibrate; to rock,
faiolichi, n., a rocker,
faiotlakachi, v. a. i. sing., to swing; to

shake.

faiotlakachi, n., a nod; a shake.
faiunkli, v. a. i.,to reel; to stagger; same

as chukfulli, to reel (q. v. ).
fakit, n., a turkey, whether domestic or

wild — named from one of its notes,

which sounds like this name; other

fowls have received names in the same

way.
fakit homatti, n., a male turkey; a

gobbler; a turkey cock,
fakit inchahe, n., a turkey's spur,
fakit ishke? n., a hen turkey that has

raised a brood.

fakit kuchankak, n., a young male tur
key, not a year old.
fakit nakni, n., a male turkey; a turkey

cock,
fakit salakoba, n., lit., like the liver of

a turkey; the name of a plant, called

by some hart leaf,
fakit tek, n., a hen turkey.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

fakit ushi, n., a young turkey; a tur
key's egg.

f ankkulih, see fankulli.

fako, n., a tree without limbs.

f akobli, see fakopli.

fakoha, v. a. i. pi., to peel off; to scale
off; to drop off; to come off; lukfi at
fakoha, the dirt peels off.

fakoha, pp. pi., peeled off; dropped off;
scaled off.

fakoha, n., the peelings; scalings;
pieces that come off.

fakoli, v. a. i. pi., to peel off; to strip
off; to come off; to scale off; to slough.

fakoli, n., a peeling; a stripping.

fakoli, pp., peeled off.

fakolichi, v. t., to cause them to be
stripped off.

fakolichi, n., a peeler; a stripper.

fakopa, v. a. i. sing., to peel off; to scale
off; to drop off; to come off; to shell.

fakopa, pp., peeled off, etc.; shelled.

fakopa, n., the peeling, or piece that
comes off.

fakopli, f akobli, v. t. sing., falli or fakoli
pi., to peel; to scale; to strip; to tear off,
or up, as to peel off bark, or tear up a
floor.

fakopli, n., a peeler; a stripper.

fakopli chi, v. t. cans., to cause to strip,
to peel, etc.

fakowa, pp., peeled; scaled; stripped;
torn up.

fakowa, v. a. i. pi., to scale off, etc.

fankulli, fankkulih, v. t., to throw mud,
etc., with a stick.

falaia, a., long; tall; lengthy; livelong;
prolix, drawn, as wire; ikfalaio, a.,
short.

falaia, pp., elongated; lengthened; pro
longed; protracted.

falaia, v. n., to be long or tall.

falaia, n., length; tallness; height; lon
gitude; a strip.

falaia alhpesa, a., ample; long enough.

falaia inshali, a. comparative degree,
longer; thus /a/a /a, long; falaia inshali,
longer; falaia inshat tali, longest.

falaia inshat tali, a., sup. degree, long
est.

falaiachi, v. t., to lengthen; to elongate;
to prolong; to protract; to spin out; to
make long, Josh. 6: 5.

falaiakat auataka i^hali, n., oblong,

the length is longer than the width,
falaiat ia, v. a. i., to grow long; to

lengthen.
falankna (by metathesis), properly fa-

nankla n., a large yellow squirrel,
falakto, n., a crotch; a fork,
falakto, a., forked; crotched.
falakto, v. n., to be forked,
falakto, v. a. i., to fork; to divide into

two prongs,
falaktuchi, v. t., to make a fork; to cause

it to fork; lapish falaktuchi, to make

the horn fork,
falaktuli, v. t., to make a fork or crotch;

to fork,
falama, v. a. i., to return; to turn back;

to turn about; to backslide; to turn; to

recede; to fall back; to react; to recoil;

to revert; to revolve; falamat achukmat

taha, restored whole, Matt. 10:13; 12:13;

17:9; Josh. 4:18; 7: 3; falamat ialashke,

I will return, Matt. 12:44; infalama, v.

t., to return to him; infalamahe keyu, a.,

irrecoverable; he will not return to

him; falahama, freq.
falama, pp., returned; turned back; re
duced; refunded; reverted,
falama, falama, n., a return; a turning

back; a backslider or turncoat (?); a

recess; a defection; a regress; infalama,

a recovery; a render,
falamaka, n., the return; the turning

back; afalamaka, the place of turning

back,
falamakachi, falamakachi, v. a. i., to

recoil; to start back suddenly,
falamat, adv., again, as falamat anya, he

comes back again,
falamat abeka, v. a. i., to relapse; to

become sick again,
falamat anya, v. a. i., to return along; to

come back again,
falamat anya, n., the return,
falamat anya, n., a returner,
falamat ala, v. a. i., to return; to return

and arrive; to come again,
falamat alhtoba, pp., refunded; repaid;

also n., repayment,
falamat chumpa, v. t., to redeem; to

return and buy.
falamat ia, v. a. i., to go back; to return;

to retrograde.
falamat ia, a. , retrograde.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

119

falamat minti, v. a. i., to start back,
falamat okcha, v. a. i., to revive; to

come to.
falamat okchanya, v. a. i., to revive; to

rise as from the dead.
falamat okchanya, pp., resuscitated; re
vived; n., a revival,
falamat ona, v. a. i., to return,
falamat tani, v. a. i., to rise again, John

2: 22; Matt. 16: 21; 17: 23.
falamichi, falammichi, v. t., to return;

to cause to go back; to send back; to

bring back; see afalaminchi, to answer;

Matt. 11: 4; falaminchi, v. t., to restore,

Matt. 17: 11.

falamoa, v. a. i. pi., to return; to oscil
late; see falama', falamohoa, freq.
falamoa, pp., returned; turned back; a.,

elastic,
falamoa, n. pi., returns; turnings back;

backsliders.

falamoaka, n., the returns,
falamoa, v. a. i. pi., to go backwards and

forwards; to go and return more than

once,
falamolichi, v. t. pi., to cause to go

backward; to cause to turn from or

return; to cause them to go and return;

itifalamolichi, I Sam. 18: 7.
falamolichi, n., a returner; returners.
falam isht ikhana, n., a compass, an

instrument used in surveying land;

"an instrument to learn where the

north is."

falama, see falama.
falama, n., a relapse.
falamakachi, falamakachi, v. a. i., to

recoil; to start back suddenly.
falamakachi, n., a recoil; a recoiling,
falammi, n., the north,
falammi, a., north,
falammi, v. n., to be north; infalammi,

it is north of it.

falammi ch.oh.mi, northerly; northern,
falammi iichik, n., the north star; the

north polar star.
falammi hashi aiokatulaitintakla,n.,

northwest; between the west and north,
falammi imma, falamimma, a., adv.,

northern; northerly ; northward; north
wards,
falammi mali, n., the north wind;

Boreas.

falammi minti, a., northern, i. e., come
from the north.

falammi pila, adv., northwards; toward
the north; northerly, but not in the
north.

falammi pilla, adv., at the north; to the
north; away to the north; ; ortherri;
in the north.

falammi pilla, a., arctic; polar.

f alammichechi, v. t., to reclaim; to cause
to return.

falammichi, v. t. sing., to return ;to bring
back; to give back; to back; to cause to
retreat or recede; to avert; to defend;
to recall; to reduce; to reflect; to refund;
to remit; to render; to repel; to replace;
to repulse; to restore; to retaliate; to
retribute; to revert, 2 Sam. 24: 13;
itfofalqmmichi, to swap back; to return
to each other; falamolicld, pi.; ilefalqm-
michi, v. ref., to return himself ;fafam-
minchi, nasal form, infalqmminchi, \. t.,
to recompense him; to re-cede; to re
turn to him; eee falamichi.

falammichi, infalammichi, n., a return
er; a restorer; a return; infalqmmichi,
n., a restitution.

falammichit anumpuli, v. t., to retort;
to answer again.

falammichit ishi, v. t., to recapture; to
retake.

falammichit miha, v. t., to respond.

falammichit pila, v. t., to retort; to cast
back.

falammichit pila, n., a return.

falammint, contracted form of falam
michi.

falammint atobbi, v. t., to reimburse;
to repay; to refund.

falammint alhtoba, a., repaid; falam
mint ikqlhtobo, a., unrepaid.

falammint boli, v. t., to replace.

falammint chumpa, v. t., to redeem;
to buy back ; to repurchase.

falammint chumpa, n., a redeemer; a
repurchaser.

falammint chumpa, n., redemption; a
repurchase.

falammint chumpa hinla, a., redeem
able; can buy and return it.

falammint fohki, v. t., to reinstate; to
return and place in.

falammint heliche, v. t., to reinstate;
to return and set it up.

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falammint hoyo, falammint ihoyo, to
reclaim; to return and look after.

falammint inkanchi, falammint kan-
chi, v. t., to re-cede; to reconvey; to
sell back to him.

falammint ima, falammint ibbak
fohki, v. t., to render; to restore; to
give back; to redeliver; to return and
place in his hands.

falammint ishi, v. t. , to recover; to get
again; to resume; to retake.

falammint ishi, n. , a recovery.

falammint isht ia, v. t. , to carry back.

falammint isht ona, v. t., toreconvoy.

falammint nanabli, v. t., to regorge.

Falisi, n., a Pharisee.

faii, v. t. sing., to brandish; to wave the
hand, as to beckon with the hand; to
flirt; to sweep; to vacillate; to wave;
to whirl; to whisk.

fali, n., a brandisher; a whirler.

fali, n., a whirl.

fanankla, see fala^kla.

fapa, fopa (q. v.), v. a. i., to roar, as
wind.

fappo, fahpo, n., magic; tricks; enchant
ment; witchcraft; conjuration; a charm.

fappo, pass., charmed.

fappo onuchi, v. t., to practice magic or
tricks upon; to charm.

fappo onuchi, n., a charmer; an en
chanter.

fappo onuttula, pp., practiced upon
with tricks.

fappuli, v. t., to charm; isht i™ fappuli, v.
t. , to reprove.

fappuli, n., a magician.

fappuli imponna, n., a skillful ma
gician.

fataha, a., waving in the wind; sita
fataha, a ribbon.

fatali, v. a. i., to swing; to wave.

fatalichi, v. t., to cause to swing or
to wave.

fatema, v. a. i., to open the eyes like an
infant.

fatohachi, v. a. i., to swing round;
fatohanchi, nasal form; f<ttohah<tnchi,
freq.

fatoma, fatuma, pp., opened, as a
clasp knife, or the eye; nixhkin at
infatumqt oklatok, Matt. 9: 30; ikfatomo,
a., unopened.

fatummi, ntammi, v. t., to open his
own eyes; to unclose; to open (a
knife); to untwine,
fatummi, n., an opener,
fatummichi, v. t., to cause to open, i.e.,
the eyes of another; to make him open,
fatummichi, n., an opener,
f achanli, v. a. i. ; seefichanli, andfachanli,
to crack open, as chestnut burs, pea
pods, etc.
fala, pp. pi. of fakopa, scaled off; oksak

Jqlla, shagbark hickory; pecan (?)
fala, n., a crow,
fala atoni, n., a scarecrow; one that

watches the crows,
fala atoni, v. t., to watch crows,
fala chito, n., a raven,
fala imisito, n., a May apple; a man
drake,
fala intanchi, falaknimushi, n., a

mandrake.

falakna, see fanaUa.
falla, v. a. i. pi., to peel off.
falli, pi. of fakopli, v. t., to scale off; to
peel; hashi qtitihakshup an falli, the sun
peels off the bark of the tree; isito an falli,
peel the pumpkin.

falushi, n., a crow's egg; a young crow,
fama, n., a whipping,
fama, pp., whipped; flogged; chastised;
scourged; lashed; punished; chastened;
ikfamo, a., unpunished; unchastised;
not whipped.

fammi, v. t., to whip; to flog; to chas
tise; to scourge; to lash; to castigate;
to chasten; to correct; to discipline; to
leather; to punish; to lick,
fammi, n., a whipper; a castigator; achas-
tiser; achastener; a lasher; ascourger.
fammi, n., a whipping,
f anakla, falakna, a fox squirrel— -fa nnak-

la and notfallakna — J. E.
fani, n., a squirrel.
fani hasimbish holba, n., yarrow or

wild tansy,
fani imalakusi, n., a lizard that changes

his color; a chameleon,
fani lusa, n. , a black squirrel, rarely seen

in the Choctaw Nation,
fani okchako, n., a gray squirrel,
fani shapha, n., mistletoe.
fani ushi, 11., a young squirrel.

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121

fanikoyo, n., a sycamore tree — lit. "the
squirrel does not climb it" (Sixtowns
word).

fanitasho, n., a gray squirrel.

fappo, seefappo.

fatokachi, v. a. i., to wiggle; to shake
loosely, as the loose blade of a knife.

fattahachi, v. a. i., to shake, as a leaf; to
swing back and forth quickly as leaves
shaken by the wind and with noise, or
as a loose penknife blade.

fehna, fena, fehnha, v. a. i., to do in
tensely, or considerably; to effect a good
deal; itafehna, to fight, 2 Sam. 14: 6.

fehna, fiena, a., much; very; real; own,
John 1: 41; self; exceeding; excessive;
exorbitant; intense; intimate; intrin
sic; mighty; particular; passing, as
passing strange; peculiar; quite.

fehna, fiena, v., n., to be much, very,
real; ikfehno, Matt. 7: 11.

fehna, adv., well, Matt. 17:5; John 2:
10; much, Matt. 6: 7; very; often; ex
tremely; far; freely; heartily; ma
turely; mightily; mighty; most; much;
oft; richly; rapidly; terribly; griev
ously, Matt. 8: 6.

fehna keyu, adv., seldom; little, Matt.
6:30.

fehnakma, in nitak yamma fehnakma, in
that very day, Matt. 7: 22.

fehnachi, v. t., to make much of; to ef
fect much; ilefehnachi, v. ref., to think
much of himself, Matt. 13: 22[?]; to
make much of one's self; to praise one's
self; to boast; to make much of himself;
fienachi, pro. form; ilefehnachit nowa, to
stalk; to strut; to walk proudly; ile-
felmachi, aM proud; vain; arrogant;
consequential; self-important; ilefehna-
chi, v. n., to be proud; ilefehnachechi,
v. t., to make proud; ilefehnachi, n.,
pride; vanity.

felami, filammi, n., a branch or a limb,
of a tree or of a river; itinaksish filam-
mi, Gen. 40: 12; bok ushi filammi, prong
of a stream of water.

felamichi, n., a branch; a limb, Gen.
40: 10.

Fibueli, n., February.

fichak, fichak, n., the dew, or water
(from any cause), as the rain standing
in drops like the dew on the grass or
elsewhere; dew drops.

fichak champuli, n., a honey dew; a

sweet dew; a mildew.
fichak chito, n., a heavy dew; a great

dew.
fichak kashanha, n., a honey dew; a

mildew; a sweet dew.
fichak toba, v. a. i., to fall, as dew; to

become dew.
fichama, v. a. i., to spring; to spring

open, as a door when pushed; to fly

open.
fichama, pass., sprung open; sprung and

thrown.

fichamoa, v. a. i. pi., to spring and fly.
fichamoa, pp. pi., sprung open,
fichamoli, flchammi (q.v.),pl., to spring

them; to throw them by springing,
fichanli, fachanli (q. v.), v. a. i., to open;

to crack open, as pods, bean pods, etc.
fichanli, pp., a., cracked open; opened,
fichanli, n., a cracking open,
fichapa, v. a. i., to fork; to divide into

two parts.

fichapa, pp., a., forked, as a road,
fichapa, n., a fork.
fichapoa, v. a. i. pi., to fork,
fichapoa, pp. pi., forked.
fichapoa, n., forks.
fichapoli, v. t. pi., to fork; to turn off,

as to turn off from a road.
fichapolichi, v. t. pi., to cause to fork,
fichabli, v. a. i. sing. , fichapa, pp. (q. v.) ,

to fork; to turn off, Matt. 2: 22.
fichablichi, v. t., to cause him to turn off.
fichammi, fachammi, (q. v.), v. t., to

spring and throw; to spring open by

pushing against,
fichik, fochik, n., a star; stars; planets;

a planet, Matt. 2:2, 7.
fichik ansha, a. , starry,
fichik atia, n., the orbit of a planet,
fichik asha, v. a. i., to have amaurosis;

anfichik asha, I have amaurosis; chin-

fichik asha, thou hast amaurosis.
fichik baieta, n. , the yard stars.
fichik chito, 11., a large star; a planet

that appears to be large, as Venus and

Jupiter; Lucifer; Saturn; Venus; Ves
per.

fichik heli, n. pi., shooting stars; me
teors; flying stars,
fichik hika, n. sing., a shooting star; a

meteor.
fichik homma, n. a red star; Mars.

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fichik isi nala silhhi, n., the yard
stars; the ell stars; lit., the stars that
track the wounded deer.

fichik issuba, n., the stars called the
pointers, or dipper, or butcher case, that
point toward the Isorth Star; lit., the
horse star.

fichik laua, a., starry.

fichik luak, n., a blazing star.

fichik lukoli, n., a constellation.

fichik pololi, n., a blazing star; a comet.

fichik shobota, fochik shubota, fichik
shobulli, n., a comet.

fichik tohwikeli, n., starlight.

fichik watalhpi, n., the seven stars,
pleiads, or pleiades.

fichonli, fochonli, v. a. i., to scale off.

fichonli, pp., scabbed off; scaled off.

fichonlichi, v. t., to scale off; to cause it
to scale off.

fichukbi, n., a den; a hole in the ground.

fihobli, v. t., to satisfy; to gratify by
treatment, as in feeding, paying, or
treating well; to cloy; to slake; to suf
fice.

fihobli, n., a satislier.

fihobli, a., satisfactory.

fihoblichi, v. t., to make satisfied; to
satisfy the mind.

fihoblichi, n., a satisfier.

fihopa, v. a. i., to stalk.

fihopa, pp., satisfied; gratified; cloyed;
sufficed; ikfihopo, a., unsatisfied.

fihopa, n., satisfaction; gratification; sa
tiety.

fihopahe keyu, a., insatiate; insatiable.

fik, n., a fig, Matt. 7: 16.

fikomi, see ixlit afikomi.

filankinsin, n., frankincense.

filama, pp., turned away; hashinfilahan-
mashke, Peter 2: 11; filqmmi, v. t., itin-
filama, pp., separated from each other;
disunited; parted.

filamoa, pp. pi., turned away from;
turned from; ilinfilamoa, turned from
each other.

filamolechi, v. t. , to turn them away from
it or them; to separate from and turn
away; to part them from each other;
mikuiqt itinfilamolechikmqt, and when
he separated them from each other,
Matt, 25: 32; late edition, •itiflfilamoli-
chi.

filamolechi, n., a separator; a divider.

filamoli, v. a. i. pi., to turn away; to
branch, as the limb on a tree; itinfila-
moli, to turn from each other; to part;
itifilamoli, pp., separated from each
other.

Filanchi, n., French.

Filanchi anumpa, n., French, or the
French language.

Filanchi hatak, n., a Frenchman.

Filanchi okla, n., the French people, or
nation; Frenchmen.

Filanchi yakni, n. , France; French coun-
try.

filammi, felami (q. v. ), a branch of a
tree or stream.

filammi, v. a. i., to turn away; to turn
from, Matt. 2: 12; Josh. 1: 7, 8; to
leave; to depart from, Matt. 4: 11;
Luke 4: 13; Chihowa yan in filammi; 1
Kings 11: 9; aPJilammit. depart from me,
Matt. 7: 23; itinfilqmmi, to turn away
from each other; to part; in filammi, to
leave him; to turn from him; aiin-
filqmmi, to turn away from at. This
differs from filammi, to depart out of.

filammi, n., obliquity; infilammi, n., a
turncoat; one that turns away from
him.

filammichi, v. t. , to cause to turn away
from; to lead off from, Josh. 5: 9; to
cause to go from; to cause to branch off
from; itinfilammichi, v. t., to turn
from each other; to separate them; to
disunite.

filamminchi, v. a. i., nasal form, to
branch ; to shoot or spread in branches.

filamminchi, n., a branch, of the limb
of a tree or a water course; a fork; a
knag; a prong; a bay, Josh. 15: 2; 18:
19; bok filamminchi, branch of a creek;
naksish filamminchi, branch of a limb;
naksish filamoli, pi., branches of a limb.

filehkachi, v. a. i. pi., to turn back and
forth; nashuka yat filehkachi, their faces
turn back and forth; itihishi at filehka
chi, the leaves of the tree turn, etc.

filekachi, n., a turning.

filema, v. a. i. sing., to turn the person,
i. e., one's own person; to turn round;
to turn over; to turn, as in looking
back; filemqt chikpxokashke, to veer;
Chisas ash ot pit filema, "Jesus turning
unto them," Luke 23: 28; to turn about,
Matt. 7: 6; 9: 22; to turn, Josh. 8: 20, 21.

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123

filema, pp., turned round; turned back.

filemachi, v. t., to turn; to veer.

filemat itola, v. a. i., to turn over; to
fall over; to capsize.

filemoa, v. a. i. pi., to turn over and
over, or backwards and forwards; to
veer; to turn this way and that wray;
filemoqt pisa, to look around, Mark 11:
11.

filemoa, pp. pi., turned over; turned.

filemolechi, v. t., to cause to turn away;
to sever from, Matt. 13: 49; see fila-
molechi.

filemoli, v. t. pi., to turn over; Mark
11: 15.

filetakachi, v. a. i., to turn once sud
denly.

filinka, filinko, adv., very; achukma
filinko, very good, used by some per
sons.

filimmi, v. t. sing., to turn it over; to
come about; to upset; to turn away,
1 Kings 11: 2, 3, 4; holisso han filimmi, to
turn the book over; filihinmi, Josh. 7:
8; mail hat filimmi, v. a. i., the wind
turns.

filimmichi, v. t. cans. , to turn it over or
round.

filimmikachi, v. t. , to turn.

fima, pp., scattered; sowed; sown;
strewed; disseminated; dissipated;
sprinkled; onfima, pp., sprinkled on; ik-
fimmo, a., unsowed; seed not sown;
osapa ikafimmo, a field unsown (the a
is locative. )

fima, v. n., to be scattered; to be dissi
pated.

fima, v. a. i., to scatter; to dissipate.

fimibli, v. t. pi., to sow; to scatter; to
strew; to disperse; to dissipate, but not
liquids; to spread; see latabli, to spill;
itafimibli, v. t., to dispel; to disperse;
to shatter.

fimibli, n., a sower; a scatterer; a
spreader.

fimibli, n., a spreading.

fimiblichi, v. t., to scatter; to sputter;
to cause to scatter.

fimimpa, a., sparse.

fimimpa, adv., thinly.

fimimpa, pp., scattered; dispersed;
strewn; dissipated; diffused; littered;
sowed; sown; spattered; sprinkled, 2
Kings 9: 33; ikfimlmpo, a., neg. form,

unscattered; itqfimimpa, dispelled;
scattered from each other, John 10: 12;
dispersed; itafimimpa, pp., interspersed;
scattered with; scattered abroad; Matt.
9: 36; onfimimpa, pp., spattered on;
sowed on, as seed.

fimimpa, v. a. i., to dissipate; to scatter;
to disperse; itafimimpa, to scatter about;
to scatter apart from each other; wak
at fimimpa, the cattle disperse; hoshonti
at fimimpa, the clouds disperse; ita
fimimpa, to scatter or disperse from
each other; to straggle away from each
other.

fimimpa, n., a dispersion; the state of
being scattered; litter; itafimimpa, n.,
a dispersion, James 1:1.

fimmi, v. t., to sow; to scatter; to dis
perse; to dissipate; to issue; no, fimmi,
to sow something; to diffuse; to dissemi
nate; to seminate; to spatter; to
sprinkle; fihimmi, Matt. 12: 20; iba-
fimmi, v. t., to intersperse; to sow with;
onfimmi, v. t., to splash on; to sprinkle
on; to sow on.

fimmi, n., a sower; a scatterer; a dis
seminator.

fimmichi, v. t., to scatter; to sprinkle;
to cause to scatter.

fimmichi, n. , a scatterer.

fimpkachi, pp. , sowed ; sprinkled , as when
water is sprinkled on the ground by
shaking a garment.

fimpkachi, v. a. i., to scatter; to sprinkle.

fiopa, n., breath; expiration; respira
tion; a whiff; wind; a blast, Josh. 6: 5;
safiopa, my breath.

fiopa, v. a. i., to breathe; fiopali, I
breathe; fiopa, to draw a breath; v. t.,
to expire; to respire; to whiff; o^fiopat
foyuki, to breathe into, Gen. 2:7; ilafi-
opa, to inhale; to snuff up; to inspire;
to snuff; to draw in the breath.

fiopa ikfalaio, a., short-breathed; breath
not long.

fiopa imokpulo, n., the asthma; breath
bad for him, or breathing bad for
him.

fiopa isht aiopi, v. a. i., to expire; to
breathe the last time.

fiopa kobafa, n., broken wind; short
breath.

fiopa kobafa, a., short-winded; short-
breathed.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

fiopa taha, a., broken-winded; breath
less; breath exhausted; short-breathed.

fiopa tali, v. t., to exhaust the breath.

fiopa tapa, a., dead; breath-sundered.

fiopa tapli, v. t., to destroy life, Luke
6: 9; fiopa intapli, to separate the
breath .

fiopat taha, v. a. L, to pant.

fiopat taha, n., broken wind; short
breath.

fiopachi, v. t., to cause to breathe; to
give breath; to bring back the breath;
to save.

fitekachi, v. a. i., to veer about; to
whirl, as a top.

fitekachi, n., a whirling.

fitekachi, pp., whirled.

fitelichi, v. t., to whirl quickly; to cause
to fly and whirl as a handkerchief or a
flag when suspended and shaken by
the wind.

fitelichi, n., one that whirls.

fitiha, v. a. i., to whirl about; to veer
about; to shift about.

fitihachi, v. t. caus., to whirl about.

fitilema, pp., turned over, i. e., from be
ing under another person or thing to
bring it on top; hatak at fitilema.

fitilimmi, v. t., to turn over, from being
underneath; to bring on top as may be
seen when two men wrestle and one is
thrown, but he gets the ascendancy of
his antagonist.

fititekachi, pi. of fitekachi, pp., whirled.

fititekachi, v. a. i., to whirl; to veer.

fitukhak, n., name of a bird often called
the yellow hammer, or yellow wood
cock.

fo, adv., may be; perchance; as katima
iafo, where may he have gone.

fobassa, see fabassa.

fochi, see foechi.

fochik, seefirhik.

fochik shubota, seefichik shobota.

fochonli, see Jichonli.

foe, n., honey.

foe akmo, n., beeswax; bee bread.

foe bila, foi bila (Josh. 5: 6), n., honey
or "bee oil"; melted honey or honey oil.

foe bila hakshup, n., honeycomb.

foe bilaiti ansha, n., wild honey; wood
land honey; honey in the woods.

foe bilishke, foishke, n., honey bee or
honey bees; those which collect the

honey; the mother of the honey; foe
bilishke hoclteto, n., big bees.

foe bilishke inminko, n., the queen bee.

foe bilishke inchuka, a bee hive; a bee
gum.

foe bilishke inchuka fohki, v. t., to
hive bees.

foe bilishke inchuka foka, pp., hived.

foe bilishke inchuka inhoshontika, n.,
an apiary; a bee house or shelter.

foe bilishke inpokni, n., the drones or
grandmother bees.

foe hakmi, n., wax; beeswax.

foe inlakna, n., bee bread; wax.

foe nia, n., honey comb filled with honey.

foechi, fochi, fohchi (M. Dyer) ; on
foechi, 1. Cor. 3, caption; to sprinkle
on water, salt, etc.

foeli, fulli, v. t., to pick out; to take out.

foha, v. a. i., to rest; to take ease; to
ease; to harbor; to recruit; to repose; to
respire.

foha, n., rest; respite; cessation: ease; an
intermission; recreation; a vacation.

fohachi, v. t., to give rest; to cause to
rest; to rest another; to ease; to harbor;
to recreate; to repose; to unburden.
ilefohachi, v. ref., to rest himself; hacJii-
fohachilashke, I will give you rest,
Matt. 11:28.

fohchi, see foechi.

fohka, foka, v. t., to put in; to put on;
as to put garments upon one's self; to
clothe one's self; to dress one's self; to
ornament; albikachi,\.t. pi., ilalMkachi,
we dress ourselves (by putting on more
garments).

fohka, foka, v. a. i., to enter, Matt. 15:
17; to go into, John 3: 4; chinfoyuka,
to be in, Matt. 6: 23; to conceive, Luke
2:21; alia in foka, to conceive, Luke 1:
24; alia infoyuka, to be with child, Matt.
1:18; ilefohka, to put on himself; hence,
ilefohka orilefoka, n., a garment, a shirt;
itibafoka, n., a coalition; fo"hk<t, fonka,
nas. form., foyuka, afoyuka (Josh. 3:3, 6;
4: 18), pro. form.

fohka, foka, sing., (cf. fohki), albikachi,
pp. pi.; put on, as garments; dressed;
clothed, Matt. 11: 8; clad; girded; in
closed; put in, as a horse is put into a
stable or a field; invested; laded;
loaded; lodged; shut; vested; itibafoka,

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A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

125

pp., combined; sabafohka, Matt. 12: 30;
fonhka, fonka, nasal form, being in; be
ing on, Josh. 2: 11, 19; possessed, Matt.
4: 24; aiinfonka, Matt. 12: 22; afo^ka, " is
in," Matt. 7:3; fonka kono, that is in,
Matt. 7: 3; aiinfonka, possessed with,
Matt. 8: 16; 12:' 40; 17: 27.

fohka, foka, n., a lading; a passage; that
which is put on; found in compound
words, as na fohka, a garment or dress;
fohka achafa, a suit of clothes; foyuka,
Matt. 12: 40.

fonhka, fonkka, v. a. i., to roar, as the
wind; to murmur; cf. John 3: 8.

f onhka, n. , the sound or roaring of wind,
John 3: 8.

fohkachechi, v. t., to array another in a
garment; to gird; to girdle; na fohka
tohbi hoUtompa hon fohkachechi cha, ar
rayed him in a gorgeous robe, etc.
Luke 23:11; some say this word means
putting several garments upon another;
alia yan fokachechili, I dress the chil
dren; fohkachichi mat, Matt. 27: 28, 31.

fohkachi, v. t., to dress; to put garments
upon another person ; to clothe another;
to furnish another with clothes; to in
vest; to indue; to ornament; to vest.

fohka t anya, n., a passage; a passenger.

fohki, foki, to put in, Matt. 14: 3; I Kings
10: 24; to fall into, 2 Sam. 24: 14; to in
close; to inject; to lade; to load; to
lodge; to put; to shut; to tuck; to deliver
to, Matt. 5: 25; 11: 27; ibafohki, to com
bine; to hide in, Matt. 13: 33; Josh.
2:24;6:2;7:7; itibafohki, to combine
together; fohkihchih, fohkichi, v. t., to
anoint; to grease; foJionki, freq. ; foyuhki,
pro. form; iti fohki, v. t., to put in to
gether; to unite; to set, as a bone; iti-
fohkit ikbi, to frame; itifohkit itabana,
framed, p.

fohkul, poh.ku.1, n., a hornet; see below.

fohkul inchuka, n., a hornet's nest.

fohobli, fohopli, v. t,, to take out; to
unload; to take and spill; to pour out;
to shed forth; onfohomplilahi oke, Acts
2: 17; to put on, Josh. 7: 6; fohombli,
nasal form.

fohobli, n., an unloader.

fohoblichi, v. t., to cause to take out.

fohopa, v. a. i., to pour out largely; to
fall down, Josh. 6: 5; hohtak oka folio-
pat illit taha tok, Luke 8: 33; fohompa,

nasal form, being poured out; fohompa,
n., a bunch; a pile; a collection;
fohohumpa, freq. ; foyupa, pro.

fohopa, pp., spilled; unloaded; poured
out.

fohopa, n., that which is poured out; an
effusion.

fohopli, see fohobli.

fohukfunli, seefotukfunli.

fohukli, v. a. i., to pant or puff, like a
laboring ox; to blow.

foi bila, see foe bila.

foishke, foe bilishke (q. v.), n., ahoney
bee.

foiya, see hoiya.

foka, see fohka.

foka, n., rate.

foka, adv., about, as to time, place, de
gree, quality, etc., nitak yamma fokama,
about that time, Acts 12: 1; fokama,
Matt. 1: 11; nitak yamma fokama, atthat
time, Matt. 12: 1; katiohmi foka, how
long? Matt. 17: 17; fokatok, were about,
Matt. 14: 21; fokama, Josh. 2: 5; 9: 1;
in, i. e., in one place; aiasha, for plu
rality of places.

foka, fuka, n., a place; a residence; mfoko
foka iatuk, he has gone to the king's or
about the king's; ishke foka iatuk, he
has gone to his mother's, or about
his mother's; iti fuka, about or in the
woods.

fokahota, adv., perhaps.

fokakash, adv. of past time, ago; about
that time, at or in that time; agone.

fokali, v. i., see 1 Sam. 4: 20; atukosh illi
fokalima, when she made about to die,
or went about to die, yamma fokalika,
at that time, 2 Kings, 16: 6; fokalechi,
with himak, 1 Tim. 5: 22; see yammak-
fokalechi.

fokachi, n., a dresser.

foki, see fohki.

fokichi, v. t., to cause to go in; to put
in ; fokinchi, nasal form ; fokihinchi freq. ;
fokiechi, pro. form.

folokachi; see fullokachi.

fololi, folulli, v. t., to go round; to take
round; infohdH, v. t., to edge it; to go
round it.

fololichi, folullichi, v. t., cause to turn
round, as to turn a horse round at the
end of a row of corn; to curb; to rein; to
guide; to turn; 2 Kings 9: 23; to cause

126

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

it to go round; infolololichit achunli, to
sew on a border; to border; to skirt;
infoMlichi, to skirt; to face.

folota, fullota, n., acircuit; actionorper-
formance in a circle; a round; a zone;
the region; the part; an excursion; a
period; a wandering; infolota, its edge;
lace; edging; folotoa, pi. circuits;
rounds.

folota, n., a stroller; a wanderer.

folota, a., crooked; roundabout; going
round; circuitous.

folota, fullota, v. n., to be circuitous,
Matt. 2: 22; fullotat Kal'de inkaniohmi
hon onatok; fullota is a diminutive of
folota, to go about slowly; round about,
Matt. 14: 35; to come about, 2 Sam. 24:
6; all round, Josh. 13: 2.

folota, fullota, v. a. i., to go round; to
deviate; to straggle; to stray; to stroll;
to swim; to wanton; to wheel.

folota, pp., taken round; put round;
infoloia, edged; skirted; faced.

folota, adv., round.

folota, a., crooked; roundabout; cir
cuitous.

folotat ala, n., a revolution.

folotoa, v. n., to be crooked.

folotoa, pp., taken round; put round;
infolotoa, edged; skirted.

folotoa, v. a. i., to go round; to take cir
cuits.

folotolichi, v. t. caus., pi.; to turn them
round; to cause them to go round.

folotolichi, v. t. pi., to put them round.

folotqwachi, v. t., to take round; to
cause to wave backward and forward.

folulli, seefololi.

f olullichi, see fololichi.

folumpa, round about, Mark 1: 28; see
afolumpa, from afolubli.

folichi, v. t., to pour; onfolic1ti, to pour
on, as water on a plant; foholihinchi,
Ps. 40: 2 [?].

fomohachi, v. a. i., to roar, as the wind
in the top of a tree; mali hat fomo
hachi.

fomohachi, n., a roaring.

fomoli, v. a. i., to weary; itafomoll, Gen.
19: 2.

fomosa, a., slender; slim; without a
border; naked; without hair.

foni, n., a bone; stone, as of a peach, etc. ;
shell, of a hickory nut, etc. ; a nut shell.

fonibano, a., bareboned; bony; full of
bones; nothing but bones; raw; raw-
boned.

foni bano, n., raw bones.

foni falammint itifohka, pass., set or
replaced, as bones after a dislocation.

foni falammint itifohki, v. t., to re
place bones; to set bones; to reduce
from a dislocation.

foni falammint itifohki, n., a bone
setter.

foni hotupa, n., bone-ache; pain in the
bones; rheumatism.

foni ikbi, v. t., to ossify; to form bone.

foni iksho, a., boneless.

foni kommichi, 11., bone-ache.

foni kommichi, v. a. i., to ache in the
bones; the bones ache.

foni laua, a., bony; full of bones; having
many bones.

foni lupi, n., marrow; marrow of the
bones.

foni toba, v. a. i., to ossify; to become
bone; to form into bone.

foni toba, pp., ossified.

foni toshbi, n., a rotten bone; rottenness
of the bone; caries; an ulcerated bone.

foni toshbi, a., carious.

foni toshbichi, v. t., to cause the bone
to rot; to render carious.

fopa, fapa, v. a. i., to bellow; to roar as
wind in the top of a pine, or as water
falling at a distance in a shower; to
estuate; to murmur.

fopa, n., a roaring; a roar; a rapid; rap
ids; asound;/opa hosh mintit ala cha.
Acts 2: 2.

fopachi, v. t., to cause to roar.

fota, adv., perhaps.

fotoha, n., a bore; a turn; a grinding;
motion of a mill.

fotoha, v. a. i., to run, as a mill; to grind;
to move, as a grindstone.

fotoha, pp., etc., ground; bored; ta^h
fotolia, ground corn, or corn meal.

fotokachi, v. a. i., to shake as a scythe
when not tightly fastened to the snath;
fotokahanchi, pro. form.

fotoli, v. t., v. a. i., to grind; to wind:
to bore; to mill; to turn; isht fotoli, to
bore with; isht fotolit tumbli. v. t. , to
mill.

fotoli, n., a borer; one who bores; a
miller; a grinder; a turner.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

127

fotoli, n., a turn.

fotukfunli, fohukfunli, v. a. i., to be
out of breath; to pant hard like a run
ning horse.

fuka, see j 'oka.

full, n., a switch; a rod; a twig; a slip; a
sprig; a wattle; a wand.

full atoba, a., wicker, made of a switch.

full isht fama, pp., switched; whipped
with a switch.

full isht fama, n., a switching; a whip
ping with a switch.

fuli isht fammi, v. t., to switch; to strike
with a small twig or rod.

fuli isht fammi, n., a whipper; one who
whips with a switch.

fuli kaua, n., broken twigs; a name ap
plied to the broken sticks or small split
pieces of cane made use of in notifying
of any public meeting. They are made
and sent by the headmen to others
at the time when the appointment is
made, and one is thrown away every
morning, and on the last morning the
last is thrown away, and at night the
assembly takes place.

fulli, v. t., to gouge; to pick out; to take
out; nishkinfulli, to gouge or to pick out
the eye; foeli, pro. form.

fullichi, v. t. caus., to cause to gouge or
to pick out the eye of another.

fullokachi, afolokachi, v. a. i. pi., to wan
der; Josh. 14: 10, to rove; to keep mov
ing about; to shuffle; to go round; to
circle; to sinuate; folota, sing; fulloka-
hanchi, freq., to move round, as a horse
in a mill; to roam; to wander; fulloka-
hanchi, a., serpentine.

fullokachi, n. , a rover; a shuffler; fulloka-
hanchi, n., a roamer; a trollop.

fullokachi, pp., taken round.

fullokachi, n. pi., circuits; rounds.

fullokach.it anuxnpuli, v. t., to ramble
in speaking.

fullokachi t anya, v. t., to ramble; to
rove about.

fullota, see folota.

fullottokachi, v. a. i. sing., to part; to
move suddenly, as if by a twitch.

fullottokachi, n., a start.

fulomoli, a., devious; crooked.

fulomoli, v. n., to be devious.

fulumi; in a si it itofulumit yakni yarnma ita-
tiowa cJtatukon, sermon: Duties to chil
dren, page 13.

fulup, n., the shoulder down as far as
the elbow.

fulup foni, n., the shoulder bone.

fulush, n., a clam (a shell).

fulush hakshup, n., a clamshell.

fulush isht imp a, n., a shell spoon.

h, an aspirate, at the end of words after a
vowel, to indicate a verb or an assertion,
etc.; seeow, a, i. — Note: I think it is the
verb to be; s-ia/t, I am, etc. (Byington).

ha is used before tok and tuk and their
compounds, in some sense as a definite
article, to make definite the action;
hatok, hatuk, it was; as, sabannahatok,
that which I want, it was; the want I
have; a^yalihatok okat, Luke 4: 43;
qmmihahetuk ash, the, Luke 15: 12;
ushi atok, Luke 3: 23; kttik hatak atok,
Acts 16, 1.

ha, adv., time or times, used after ordi
nals; atuklaha, second time; twice;
hituchinaha, three times, thrice; hayak
on, after that, 2 Sam. 24: 10; Acts 1: 3;
hayokmato, John 21: 18; hay a, Matt. 5:
32; 12: 29; a, ha, or ya is considered as
a locativeoi time, as in acJieki, abilia, atuk,
achin, etc.

ha, adv., after verbs, meaning after or be
fore next; minti ha, after he comes;
ibbak achifa hayon keyukmat, if they
had not first wrashed their hands
(hands wash after it is so, if not) they
do not eat, Mark 7:3: alia aleha akosh
tinkba, kaiya ha yon, Mark 7: 27; pima ha-
ma, after, when he has given us, Josh.
1: 1; 2: 14; 7: 2.

han, a definite particle, in the obj. case,
used after verbs, etc. ; subj. case, hat,
the which; the one which; tamaha han,
town it, or town the, Matt. 2: 1; isJita
Jian, are you the one that goes? han is
found after verbs and verbal nouns,
derived from verbs more frequently
than an or yan, that which, but Jiolisso
Jtan, issuba Jian, imanukfila han, cJinla
han, are exceptions. This h may be the
aspirate of the verb, which in speaking
is carried over, like ilohia, spoken ilo
hia. See a, particle.

128

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

han, ahanh (q. v.), adv., no; not so; a
word of denial; lt«n keyu, no, it is not
so.

habali, v. a. i., to tassel, as corn; tanchi
at habali; habanli, nasal form.

habali, n., a tassel; tanchi habali, a young
corn tassel.

habali, pp., tasseled.

habalichi, v. t,, to cause to tassel.

habani, a., being ready to tassel.

habani, v. n., to be ready to tassel.

habefa, pp. sing., a., dented; habefoa, pi.

habefa, n. sing., a dent; habefoa, pi.,
dents.

habefoli, v. t. pi., to make dents.

habena, v. t., to receive a favor gratui
tously; to receive a present; to receive,
Matt. 10: 8; to obtain a favor, applied
to receiving money or goods as an an
nuity; habena sabqnna, I wish for a favor.
It differs a little from (utUhha, to beg, be
ing a little more honorable in its mean
ing.

habena, n., a present; a gift; an annuity
received; a boon.

habena, pp., received as a present; ob
tained as a present; presented.

habenachi, v. t., to make a gift; to make
a present; to present; to give, Matt. 6: 2;
to do alms, Acts 10: 2.

habenachi, na habenachi, n., a bene
factor.

habenachi, n., a gift; a boon; a bribe, 1
Sam. 8: 3.

habenat anya, habint anya, v. a. i., to
go in quest of a favor.

habenat anya, habint anya, n., one that
goes to seek gifts; a beggar, but not in
the worst sense; one that solicits char
ity.

habiffi., v. t. sing., to dent.

habiffi., n., one that dents.

habifkachi, pp. pi., dented.

habifkachi, n., dents.

habifli, v. t. pi., to dent.

habinshak, n., a large grasshopper.

habishko, habishko (q. v.), v. a. i., to
sneeze.

habli, n., a treader; a kicker.

habli, n., a tread; a step; the space passed
by the foot in walking or running; a
pace; the space between the two feet in
walking; a kick.

habli, v. a. i. sing., to tread; to step; to
stamp; to kick; to foot; isJit habli, v. t.,
to kick; to spurn; to trample; to winch,
1 Sam. 2: 29.

hablichi, v. t., halichi, pi., to cause him
to tread on it.

habofa, v. a. i., to cease; to subside; to
abate, as a swelling; to go down.

habofa, pp., abated; subsided; gone
down; shatali at habofa, the swelling
has abated.

habofa, n., abatement."

habofachi, to disrupt; to scatter a
swelling.

haboffi, v. t., to reduce; to abate; to
diminish; to remove; to cause a swell
ing to abate.

haboli, pi., habofa, sing., v. a. i., to cease;
to subside; to go down.

haboli, n. pi., abatement of swellings, etc.

haboli, pp. pi., abated; subs'ded.

haboh'chi, v. t. pi., to cause swellings to
abate; to remove swellings; to scatter
them.

hacha, adv., perhaps; how? wrhat? in re
lation to something that was not looked
for, 1 Sam. 20: 18; John 1: 50; chii/immi
hacha? ishaclii hacha, do you say then,
Mark 5: 31.

hachin, will; shall, Josh. 1: 6.

hanchi, see hanahchi.

hacho, a. , a Creek word meaning ' ' mad. ' '
It is found only as part of the war
names of men, viz., Tashka hacho,
Hopaii hacho (David Folsom), Ishtana-
ki hacho (Mr. Dyer's grandfather) , and
has an honorable meaning among
Choctaw.

hachofaktapi, n., the chinquapin tree.

hacho f akti, n., a chinquapin; the dwarf
chestnut.

hachonmalhmokki, v. a. i., to swim
with the face under water.

hachotakni, n., a large turtle, called
by some the loggerhead turtle; a tor
toise; hachotakni liaksfnip, turtle shell.

hachotakni okhata ansha, n., a sea
turtle.

hachowanashi, v. a. i. sing., to fall
heels over head.

hachowanashi, n., a somerset.

hachowanashi, adv., head first; head-

BYINGTOX] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

129

hachowanashichi, v. t. sing., to throw

another heels over head.
hachowani, v. a. i. pi., to fall heels over

head,
hachowani, n., a somerset performed

by a number of persons, or a number

of times by the same man; somersets.
hachowanichi, v. t., to throw others

heels over head.
hachukbilankbila, chukbilankbila,

chukkilakbila (q. v. ), chukanakbila,

n., name of a bird, the whip-poor-will.

hachukbilhka, v. a. i. pi., to kneel; to

couch.
hachukbillikachi, v. t. pi., to kneel; to

make them kneel.
hachukbilepa, v. a. i. sing., to kneel;

to fall on the knees; to bend the knee,

Matt. 17: 14.
hachukoilepa, n., a kneeler; h'ldnik-

billika, pi.
hachukkashaha, n., sorrel; name of a

weed; see picJti or pihchi.
hachuklampulechi, v. t,, to spin, as a

spider; to make a web.
hachuklampulechi, n., a spinner; a

spider which spins.
hachuklampuli, chuklampulli (q. v. ),

n., a cobweb; a spider's web; an air

thread.
hachukpalantak, chukpalantak, n., a

tree toad,
hachumbilhka, v. a. i. pi., to kneel,

Matt. 27: 29.

hachunchuba, n., an alligator,
hachunchuba, a., being without hair,

as an elephant.

hachunchuba, pp., deprived of hair.
hachunchubachi, v. t., to deprive of

hair; to cause to be without hair,
hafakbi, n., a dent.
hah, ha, adv., perhaps; likely; shihif>on

episa lia, perhaps we saw a spirit,
hahchabah, n., a footing for a bridge;

see achaba.

hahe, uksak hahe, n., a walnut,
hahe api, n., a walnut tree.
hahka. hakka, hakha, v. a. i., to loll;

to pant from fatigue or from heat or

from overexertion ; vak at Jtalikti, the

cow lolls; oil. at halika, the dog lolls;

akank« yathaJika; fakitat Jiahka; akanka

11 at haJika the hen lolls.

hahka, v. t,, to loll; to thrust out, as the
tongue.

hahkachi, v. t., to cause to loll.

hahta, hahwash (Sixtowns word), n.,
an adder.

hahwa, see liawu.

hahwash, see hawqxh.

haiaka, v. a. i., to appear, Matt. 1: 20;
to come out; to occur; to peep; to show;
to transpire; haiaka hinla, a., osten
sible.

haiaka, pp., exhibited; presented; un-
dissembled; unequivocal; unfolded;
manifested; made manifest, John 1 : 31;
appeared, Matt. 2: 7; found, Luke
15: 32; discovered;developed;divulged;
elucidated; exposed; illustrated; mani
fested; revealed; lutianka, nasal form;
ikhaiako, neg. form, not found; unde
tected; inJiaiaka, pp., undeceived.

haiaka, n., appearance; an opening; an
open place. Josh. 3: 4; an exposure;
nakedness; ostentation; apeep; ikhaiako,
n., a secret; something not known, or
not made known.

haiaka, a., visible; in sight; that may be
seen; audible; plain; conspicuous; dis
cernible; evident; expressed; frank;
full; legible; lucid; manifest; naked;
notorious; obvious; open; ostensible;
overt; palpable; perspicuous; prom
inent; unassembling, ikhaiak o, a.,
latent; secret; shadowy; unexposed;
unfound; unpublished; vague.

haiaka, adv., abroad; out; haiaka pinusi,
clearly; legibly.

haiakachechi, v. t., to simplify; to make
plain.

haiakachi, haiakechi, v. t., to cause to
appear; to make known; to publish;
to show, Josh. 5: 0; Luke 4: 5; to mani
fest, John 2:11; to develop; to disclose;
to discover; to divulge; to elucidate; to
exhibit; to expose; to illustrate; to in
dicate; to manifest; to present; to rep
resent; to reveal; to solve; to tell; to
unfold; to unmask; to unravel; haiak-
aiyachi, pro. form; ilehaiakacJd, to make
himself known, Gen. 45: 1; 1 Sam. 3: 21;
inhaiakaclii, v. t,, to undeceive; to show
it to him; ishilehaiakachi, show thyself,
Matt. 8: 4.

haiakachi, n., one that manifests; an
ex poser.

84339° — Bull. 40—15 0

130

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

haiakat, adv., openly; clearly; mani
festly; plainly; simply. This and
other adverbs ending with t precede
verbs, as Jiaiakat anoli, haiakat Jiikia.

haiakat anoli, v. t., to unbosom; to tell
plainly or openly.

Haiaketabi, a man's name, derivation
uncertain.

haieli,v. t., to scuffle; towa //a» itinhaieli,
to scuffle against each other for the ball.

haieli, n., a scuffler.

haiemo, a., miry; soft, as mud when
filled with water.

haiemo, v. n., to be miry.

haiemuchi, v. t., to make it miry.

haili, v. a. i., to get away from him in a
scuffle, as towa yan infiaili, to snatch
away.

haiochi, see haiuchi.

haiochichechi,v.t., to tear, Luke 9: 39, 42.

haiochi chi, see haiuchichi.

haioli, hioli, v. a. i. pi., to stand up, and
sometimes hieli, pi., to stand up erect.

haioli, pp., set; placed erect; made to
stand up.

haioli, n., standers; those who stand.

haiolichi, v. t. pi., to set up; to cause
to stand; to erect.

haiolichi, n., one that sets up; an erecter.

haiombish, n., the navel string; the
placenta.

haiowani, see huhjoicam.

haiuchi, haiochi, n., a fit; a convulsion;
the fits which are incident to hydro
phobia; epilepsy; pp., convulsed.

haiuchi, haiochi, v. a. i., to shake; to
convulse, Matt. 17: 15.

haiuchichi, haiochechi, haiochichi, v.
t., to cause a shaking with fits; to shake
with fits; to convulse.

haiuchichi, n., a fit; a spasm; hydro
phobia.

haiyantalali, biuntalali, bisuntalali,
aiuntalali, iuntalali, n., a dewberry,
or running blackberry.

haiyichichi, n., a lit; spasms.

haiyinhchi, haiyinkchi, n., the kidney
or kidneys; the reins.

haiyinhchi hotupa, n., pain in the kid
neys; inflammation of the kidneys.

haiyinhchi nia, n., suet; the fat about
the kidneys.

haiyinhchi nipi, n., the kidney meat.

haiyinko, haiyinto, n., soft mud; mire,
whether in a swamp, plowed land, or
elsewhere.

haiyinko, a., miry; mellow.

haiyinko, v. n., to be miry.

haiyinko, v. a. i., to mellow.

haiyinko, pp., made miry.

haiyinkuchi, v. t, to make haiyinko,
mire or soft mud; to mellow.

haiyip, n., a pond; a lake; a puddle.

haiyip ikbi, v. t., to pond; to make a
pond.

haiyowani, haiowani, n., a worm called
the cutworm.

haiyunkpulo, n., a weed; an herb,
Matt. 13: 32; a plant; a tare, Matt,
13: 25, 26; a vegetable; herbage; a
hollyhock; thoroughwort; any weed
for which there is no particular name
is called by this general name.

haiyunkpulo awalalli, n., a saucepan.

haiyunkpulo holokchi, n., a plant; a
planted herb.

haiyunkpulo ilhpak, n., sauce; vege
table food.

haiyunkpulo ishkot hoita, n., a vege
table emetic, such as ipecacuanha.

haiyunkpulo nihi, n., the seed of plants.

haiyunkpulo nihi aialhto, n., the cap
sule.

haiyunkpulo nihi hakshup, n., the
capsule or pod for the seed.

haiyunkpulo pakanli humma, n., a
pink; a weed with a red blossom, par
ticularly the Carolina pink.

haiyup, n., a twin; twins.

haiyup atta, a., twin bom; born at the
same birth.

hak, the, and its compounds. See ak, etc. ;
but as the compounds of the two differ
in some instances, it is best to insert
those of hak here at length, that neces
sary comments may be made regarding
such particles as require them, having
in mind also the different senses of
the same word after different parts of
speech. Compounds: haka — liakano —
hakcit or hakat — Jiakato or Jiakato — Jia-
kbano — luikbano, adv., that only —
hakcJio — hakbanot — liakbat — hak clioS
a form of inquiry used in anger — hakhe,
etc., probably not used — hakin — hakin/i,
adv., also; likewise — hakinli a, pro-

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF TILE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

131

noun, meaning self — hakint — hakkia —
Jiakma, probably not used — hako, a
particle — hakocha — hakoka — hakokano
— hakokat — hdkokgto — hakoke — hako-
kia — hakona — hakosh — hakoL

hakbona, a., moldy ; tan$h hakbona,moldy
corn.

hakbona, v. n., to be moldy.

hakbona, n., mold.

hakbonachi, v. t., to mold; to cause
mold.

hakchalhpi, akchalhpi, n., the coarse
outer bark of a tree.

hakchalhpi shila, n., ross; dry outside
bark.

hakchihpo, 11., driftwood.

hakchipilhko, see hakchupilhko.

hakchulhkapi, see hakchupilhko api.

hakchuma, hakchumak, n., tobacco.

hakchuma ashunka, hakchuma
shunka, n., a pipe; a tobacco pipe; a
calumet.

hakchuma alhfoa, n., a roll of tobacco
bound up with bark.

hakchuma bota, n., snuff.

hakchuma bota aialhto, n., a snuff
box.

hakchuma hishi, n., a tobacco leaf.

hakchuma holba, n., mullein; resem
bling tobacco.

hakchuma inshunshi, n., a tobacco
worm.

hakchuma palaska, n., a brand of to
bacco.

hakchuma shana, hakchumak shana,
n., a twist of tobacco; a cigar.

hakchuma shunka, v. t., to smoke to
bacco.

hakchuma shuti, n., an earthen tobacco
pipe; a tobacco pipe of any kind; a cal
umet; the pipe used among the aborig
inals of America.

hakchupilhko, hakchipilhko, akchu-
pilhko, hakchupilhkash, n., dog
wood.

hakchupilhko ani, n., dogwood berries.

hakchupilhko api, hakchupilhkapi,
hakchulhkapi, n., the dogwood tree.

hakha, hahka, hakka, v. a. L, to loll.

hankha, n., a wild goose.

Hankhaiola, 11., place where the goose
cries; the name of a creek.

hankhobak, ha^khoba, n., a large, wild
water duck called a mallard, resem
bling a wild goose.

haklo, v. a. i., to hear; to listen; to assent;
to comply; to yield; to attend; to
hearken; to heed; to mark, to mind;
to notice; to rei-eive; Josh. 5: 1;
Matt. 7:24; 13:15, 1.6; 15:10; 17:6;
ikhaklo, not to hear; to dissent; to
grudge; to refuse; to abnegate; to deny;
to decline; to object; ikhaklo, a., deaf;
listless; hanklo, nasal form, Matt. 5: 27;
hahanklo, freq., Josh. 2: 10; haiyaklo,
prolonged form; ilehaklo, to hear him
self; John 3: 20 [?] ; to listen to himself;
ilahaklo, to hear of himself, what is
said of him;nanaJiash hanklo ka, things
which ye hear, Matt. 13: 1 7, 43; haiyaklo,
intensive form, Matt. 2: 17, 18; 12: 19.

haklo, n., a hearer; a listener.

haklo, a., mindful; ikhaklo, a., mindless;
deaf; reluctant; unheard; unwilling.

haklo, n., a hearing; heed; ikhaklo, n.,
a refusal; tardiness.

haklochi, v. t., to cause to hear; to make
to hear; to inform; to notify; to signify;
haklonchi,T\a$Si\ form; haklohonchi,ireq. ,
made to hear; sahaklohonchi tok, made
me to hear, John 15: 15.

haklochi, n. , one that makes others hear;
an informant.

haklo tokosh anoli, n., an ear witness;
he who heard it told.

haklopish, haklobish, n., ross, as iti
haklopish, the ross of a tree; chaff; bran;
shorts; fish scales; scales, Acts 9: 18.

hakmo, akmo, v. a. i., to congeal; to cool;
to harden, as tallow when it cools.

hakmo, pp., a., congealed; hardened;
cooled; cast; run; molded, as in a fur
nace.

hakmo, n., congelation.

hakmuchi, v. t., to cool; to . cause to
harden; to congeal; to found; to cast.

hakmuchi, n., a caster; a founder.

haknip, aknip, n., the body, trunk,
chest, or frame; the thorax, Matt. 5: 29;
6: 22; 14: 12; siaknip, my body.

haknip achukma, n., health.

haknip a,chukma,a., healthy; healthful.

haknip bano, a., naked; nothing but the
body.

132

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

haknip foni, n., the thorax; the bones
of the trunk or chest.

haknip ikbi, v. t., to embody; to make
a body.

haknip iksho, n., bodiless; incorporeal;
without a body; disembodied.

haknip illi, pp., a., palsied.

haknip illi abi, n., the palsy.

haknip illichi, v. t., to palsy.

haknip inla, n., a monster; a strange
body; another body.

haknip kota, n., feebleness; a feeble
body.

haknip toba, n., incarnation.

haknip toba, a., incarnate.

hakonlo, n., name of a weed.

haksa hinla, a., fallible; capable of doing
wrong; knavish.

haksi, a., deaf; drunk; tippled; intoxi
cated; inebriated; boozy; besotted;
cunning; wicked; vile; stubborn; obsti
nate; abominable; arrant; bewitched;
felonious; roguish; drunken; sinful;
deceitful; disguised; double faced; evil;
flagitious; fraudulent; fuddled; groggy;
guileful; guilty; hollow; immoral; im
pure; insidious; lascivious; lewd; li
centious; mellow; naughty; profligate;
roguish; saucy; subtle; tipsy; tur
bulent; unfair; unprincipled; unruly;
venal; vicious; villainous; wranton;
wicked; wily; nashuka haksi, applied
to an old man.

haksi, pass., seduced; stunned; swin
dled; deceived; cheated; cozened; de
frauded ; deluded ; du ped ; fooled ; gulled ;
muddled; overreached; ilehaksi, self
deceived; tteliai uakxi , Matt. 13: 22;
•i^ haksi, pp., tricked, or he is tricked.

haksi, v. n., to be vile, deaf, drunk,
sinful, etc.

haksi, v. a. i., to act vilely, as ixlihaksi,
you act wickedly; to inebriate; to get
drunk; to wanton.

haksi, i)., drunkenness; deafness; deceit;
deception; guile; a gull; hollowness;
inebriation; inebriety; intoxication;
lewdness; roguery; a shift; a sleight.

haksi, adv., rascally.

haksi chohmi, a., boozy; partly drunk;
merry with liquor.

haksi keyu, a., guileless; guiltless; not
haksi.

haksicha hinla, a., fallible; liable to be
deceived.

haksichi, v. t., to beguile, Josh. 9: 22; to
cheat; to deceive; to bewitch; to bilk;
to impose upon; to mislead; to over
reach; to delude; to befool; to abuse;
to cajole; to coax; to surprise; to make
drunk; to get drunk; to intoxicate; to
cozen; to bribe; to lead astray ; to deaf en;
to debauch; to decoy; to defraud; to
delude; to disguise; to dishonor; to
dupe; to fascinate; to fool; to fuddle; to
gull; to inebriate; to juggle; to lure; to
muddle; to overreach; to palm; to reach ;
to reduce; to sharp; to sponge; to stun;
to swindle; to tantalize; to trick; isht
haksichi, v. t., to cheat with; to bribe;
ilehaksichi, to deceive himself, Gal. 6:3;
haksinchi, nasal form, haksihinchi, freq.,
v. t.

haksichi, n., a cheater; a deceiver; a
rogue; a villain; a rascal; a cheat; a
cozener; adefrauder; adeluder; a dou
ble dealer; a juggler; a seducer; a
sharper; a swindler.

haksichi, n., chicane; a fallacy; a fraud;
an intrigue; knavery; a lure; a strata
gem; a trick; treachery, 2 Kings, 9: 23.

haksichi shali, a., tricky; knavish.

haksiepi, see ha (-si pi.

haksinchi, a., unexpected.

haksinchit, adv., by surprise; or it may
be rendered as a verb transitive with a
consonant, as to cheat, etc. ; liakximhit
anta, he deceives and stays.

haksinchit abi, v. t., to assassinate.

haksinchit abi, n., an assassin.

haksint, contracted from haksinchit,
adv., unexpectedly; by surprise; sud
denly; haksint ala, to arrive unexpect
edly.

haksint ala, v. a. i., to arrive unex
pectedly.

haksint ishi, v. t., to take by surprise;
to surprise.

haksint ishi, n., a surprise.

haksipi, haksiepi, n., rascality.

haksit illi, a., dead drunk.

haksit okpulot taha, pp., debauched.

haksobachi, see haksubachi.

haksobish, n., an ear; the skirts, as of a
saddle; ears, Matt. 13: 9, 15, 16,4:5; Luke
4: 21.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

133

haksobish anli, n., a large flying insect,
called by some a mosquito hawk or
spindle. [Perhaps really haksobish
nuli.—H. S. II.']

haksobish, awiachi, n., an earring.

haksobish almo, n. pi., cropped-ears.

haksobish almo, a., cropped-eared.

haksobish basha, n., a marked ear; a
cut ear; a cropped ear; an ear mark.

haksobish bashli, v. t., to ear mark; to
cut the ears; to mark the ears.

haksobish chansa, n., a sharp sound in
the ear.

haksobish chiluk, n. , the hole of the ear.

haksobish chula, n., slit ears.

haksobish chulafa, n., a slit ear.

haksobish chulali, n. pi., slit ears.

haksobish hokofa, n., a ciopped ear; an
ear cut off.

haksobish hokoli, n. pi., cropped-ears.

haksobish hokoh, a., cropped-eared.

haksobish hotupa, n., the earache.

haksobish ibakchufanli, n., a foxed
ear; an ear cut in the shape of a fox's
ear.

haksobish ibakchufanshli, n. pi., foxed
ears.

haksobish iksho, a., earless; without
ears.

haksobish itakchulali, n. sing., a forked
ear.

haksobish.itakchulanshli, ii.pl., forked
ears.

haksobish litilli, n., the wax of the ear;
ear wax.

haksobish takali, n., an ear ring; a
pendant; jewelry; a jewel.

haksobish takalikbi, n., a jeweler; one
who makes pendants.

haksobish takoli, n. pi., pendants; ear
rings.

haksobish tapa, n., a cropped ear.

haksobish taptua, n. pi., cropped ears.

haksobish walobi, n., the lobe; the
lower and soft part of the ear.

haksuba, a., harsh; deafening.

haksuba, pp., stunned with noise; con
fused; deafened.

haksuba, n., confusion.

haksubachi, haksobachi, v. t., to con
fuse; to stun with noise; to deafen; to
deafen with noise.

haksulba, a., simple; foolish; somewhat
deaf.

haksulba, v. n., to be simple, foolish,
somewhat deaf.

haksulba, n., foolishness; folly; deaf
ness.

haksulbachi, v. t., to deafen; to make
somewhat deaf.

haksun, n., a priming pan.

haksun aionchiya, n., the priming pan.

haksun chiluk, n., the vent of firearms;
the touchhole.

haksun chiluk isht shinli, n., the prim
ing wire.

haksun hishi, n., the earlock.

haksun oncheli, v. t., to prime.

haksun onchiya, pp., primed.

haksun tapaiyi, n., the temple; the part
where the head slopes from the top.

haksun tapaiyi hishi, n., the earlock.

hakshish, akshish, n., the veins; sinews;
arteries; cords; root, Matt. 13: 6, 21.

hakshish chito, n , an artery; a big vein;
a large cord.

hakshup, n., skin; hide; shell; pod;
comb; bark; scales; bur; husk; crust;
rind; chaff of grain; integument; coat;
cuticle; a film; a hull; a peel; peelings;
the scarfskin; a tegument.

hakshup akuchichi, v. t., to shell.

hakshup ansha, a., scaled.

hakshup fachowa, n., scales of a fish,
Deut. 14: 9.

hakshup hish ansha, n., a pelt; a raw
hide; the skin of a beast with the hair
on it.

hakshup ikbi, v. t., to crust; to make a
crust; to incrust.

hakshup laua, a. , scaly.

hakshup lufa, n., a paring.

hakshup lufa, n. pi., parings.

hakshup tabli, v. t,, to circumcise;
hakshup taptuli, v. t. pi., Josh., 5 : 2, 3,
5, 7, 8.

hakshup tapa, pp., circumcised.

hakshup tapa, n., circumcision, or hav
ing circumcision.

hakshup taptua, pp. pi., circumcised,
Josh. 5 : 5, 7.

hakshup toba, v. a. i., to produce pods;
to form, as skin; to pod.

hakta, akta (q. v.), therefore; because.

haktampi, n., the armpit, and the spot
or place just behind the forelegs of ani
mals, on the chest.

134

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

halabushli, v. i., to begin to ripen, as
corn, as alaknqt ia, to turn yellow.

halaia, ahalaia, v. n., to feel an interest
in; to be interested in.

halaiya, a., interested, concerned.

halaiya, n., interest; concern.

halakli, halalli, v. t. sing, (see halalli},
to hold once; to jerk by seizing; see
shalakli, kannakli, diiksanakli

halalua, v. a. i., to be smooth.

halalunkachi, v. a. i., to shine.

halalu.nkachi, a. , bright.

halalunkachi, n., brightness.

halalunkachi, pp., made bright.

halalunlichi, v. t., to brighten; to make
bright.

halali, hallali, v. t. pi., to hold; to draw;
to touse; to twitch; to jerk; to work a
pump handle; halalli, sing (q. v.).

halali, v. a. i. , to have the nerves affected.

halali, a., nervous.

halali, n. pi., a drawing; an affection of
the nerves; a jerk; a twitch.

halali, n., a jerker.

halalichi, v. t. cans., to employ others
to draw; to make them draw; to cause
the nerves to be affected; itahalalichi,
to make them draw together.

halambia, n., a scorpion.

halambisha, n., a bat.

halampa, hallampa (q. v.), n., a ring
worm; a tetter.

halanchilanwa, n., a lizard.

halanchilanwa chito, n., a horned frog.

halanli, n., a hold; a restraint; a stay;
see halalli.

halanli, n., a holder.

halat, hallat, adv., a contraction from
lutlalli. '

halat akkachi, v. t., to pull down; to
pull and down it.

halat isht anya, hallat isht anya, v. t.,
to tow; to draw and take along; to tug.

halat kuchi, v. t., to pull out.

halata, v. a. i., to abate; to subside; to
assuage; to remit.

halata, pp., assuaged; abated; oka fa-
lama ditto yokqt halatatokoke,the waters
of the deluge abated.

halata kallo, a., headstrong.

halatali,,v. t., to assuage; to abate.

halatat taha, a., low; entirely abated;
gone down.

halalli, v. a. i., to draw.

halalli, n., a drawer; a holder; a hauler;
an occupier; a puller; a supporter; an
upholder.

halalli, a., tenacious.

halalli, halakli, v. t. sing., to keep; to
occupy; to own; to preserve; to pull,
Matt. 5:29; to support; to treat; to tug;
to cleave to; to draw, Matt. 13: 48; to
hold; to sustain; to uphold; to lead; to
conduct; to haul; to cling to; to drag;
to grapple; to hale; to hand; to have;
to jerk; to withhold; to catch, Matt.
14: 31; itihalqlli, to draw together; to
cleave together; to join; itinh(tlqlli, to
draw against each other; to pull against
each other; itihalalli, pp., joined in
marriage; halanli, to bear up, Luke 4:
11; to be holding: to hang or to hold
on; to restrain; to retain; to stay; to
steady; to suffer; pit halanli, to hold
to, Matt. 6: 24.

halalli, n., adraw; a gripe; ahaul; a pull;
a support; a tug.

halallichi, v. t., to make him draw; -iti-
halqllidii, to cause them to unite or
embrace, as' in wedlock; to marry; to
join; ohoyo itihalqllidd (or itahalqllichi),
to marry him to a woman.

halappa, see halupa.

halasbi, halusbi, a., slippery; glib;
smooth; shining; halaluaand halafunkq-
chi, pi.

halasbi, v. n., to be slippery.

halasbichi, halusbichi, to make slip
pery; to glib; to lubricate.

halatkachi, v. a. i. pi., to abate; ItalaJa,
sing.

halatkachi, pp., assuaged; abated.

halatkachi, n., the state of being as
suaged or abated.

hale! or alleh!, exclamation of children,
uttered in time of distress.

haleli, v. t., to touch, but not with Un
hands; to affect with disease; saliah'li,
it affects me, or I am affected with; to
catch, as a disease.

haleli, n., a contagion.

halelili, v. t., to have caught; to graze.

halluns, see haluns.

haloka n., son-in-law; father-in-law; an
appellation proper only for those who
sustain this marriage relation, and not
even used by others in speaking of
them; a man who sustains the relation

n vi x<; TON]

A DICTIONARY

THE CHOCTAW LAXfiUACE

135

of uncle calls his niece's husband ha-
loku, and the latter calls this uncle
ftaluka in return.

haloka, a., sacred; beloved; dear.

halonlabi. halunlabi, halunlawi, n., the
largest kind of bullfrog. [The word is
to be found in Halunlawansha, "Bull
frogs are there," or, more concisely,
"Bullfrog place," the name of a village
which stood on the site of the present
Philadelphia, Neshoba County, Missis
sippi, and is recorded on Bernard Ro
mans' map of 1775 as Alloon Loan-
shaw.— H. S. H.]

halupa, haluppa, halappa, a., sharp;
acute; keen; fine; piked; poignant;
rough; rude; rugged; shrill; ikhalupo,
a., dull; not sharp; obtuse.

halupa, v. n., to be sharp, acute, keen.

halupa, pp., sharpened; filed, as a saw;
pointed; whetted.

halupa, n., sharpness; keenness; edge;
an edge tool; point; roughness; tanap
anyainna halupa, armor, 1 Kings, 10: 25.

halupa, adv., sharply.

halupa tuklo, a., double-edged; two-
edged.

halupoa, v. n. pi., to be sharp.

halupoa, a., sharp; keen; acute.

halupoa, pp. pi., sharpened.

haluppa, see halupa.

haluppachi, v. t. sing., to sharpen; to
edge; to file a saw to sharpen it; to
point; to tip; to whet.

haluppachi, n., a whetter.

haluppalli, v. t. pi., to sharpen.

haluns, yaluns, halluns, n., the leech;
a bloodsucker.

haluns chito, n., the horse leech.

halusbi, see halqsbi.

halusbichi, see Jialasbichi.

halussi, see holussi.

halushki, n., lubricity; sleekness.

halushki, a., smooth; sleek; glib.

halushki, v. n., to be smooth; to be
sleek or glib.

halushki, pp., smoothed; sleeked; lubri
cated; planed.

halushkichi, v. t., to make it smooth or
sleek; to plane; to glib; to sleek; Iti-
bqshayan halushkicJii, to plane a plank;
to make smooth the sawed wood.

hala, ii., name of a serpent.

halan, n., a large blackbird.

hali; in alia nakni siahalili, I am a boy;
perhaps it should be «/<//, from which
comes ahni/i.
[hamintini, n., the June-bug.— II. S. II.]

hamo, adv.; in imantJtana alclia ha mo,
John 4:8; see arno and ya/no.

hanahchi, hanchi, v. a. i., to hop on
foot,

hanahchi, n., a hopper; a hop.

hanaiya, a., triangular; three cornered;
nantapqxki hanaiya, a three-cornered
handkerchief.

hanaiya, n., a triangle; the shape made
by splitting a square handkerchief
diagonally.

hanaiyachi, v. t., to make a triangle.

hanali, n., a limb of the body, or a
quarter; one limb of a quadruped with
the adjoining parts; a member; hminli
okpulo, lame, Matt. 15: 30; halt, Matt.
18: 8.

hanalushta, n.,the four limbs; the four
quarters of any animal.

hanaweli, v. t,, to double a handker
chief diagonally, tie it over one shoul
der, and around the body under the
other arm, and wear it.

hanaweli, n., one who wears a hand
kerchief thus.

hanannunki, v. n., to be dizzy.

hananukichi, v. t., causative, to cause
dizziness.

hanchi, v. t., to shell, as to shell off the
outer shell of hickory nuts.

hanla, hanya, pp., shelled.

hanlichi, v. t., to shell or shuck hick
ory nuts.

hannali, hannali, n., six; (>; VI; the
number six.

hannali, a., six.

hannali, v. n., to be six; hannali Iioke,
there are six; see below.

hannali, v. a. i., to make six; as ehan-
nali, we make (>; hannalasJike, Josh. G: 3.

hannalichi, v. cans., to make six; haii-
nalet qbellJt, I killed off six, or took six
and killed; liclii is contracted to let.

hano, part., as for the; antishu liano,
Matt. 12: 17, 18.

hanta, a., nas. form, from hata (q. v. ),
pale; white; bright; clear; ripe, as
grain ready for the harvest, John 4: 35;
wan; peaceable; amunpa hanta, Matt.
4: 23.

136

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hanta, v. n. , to be pale, white, bright,
clear, wan.

hanta, n., wanness; righteousness; peace.

hantachi, v. t., to make white, clear,
bright.

hap, n., a harp, 1 Kings 10: 12.

hapalak, n., a weevil; an insect which
destroys ripe grain in the crib.

haponaklo, v. a. i., to listen; to attend;
to give attention; to lend an ear, Josh.
1: 17; to give ear; to hear; to hearken;
to hark, Matt. 11: 5; 17:5; islit haponaklo,
to hear with, Matt. 13: 9, 43; 18: 15,
16: ikhaponaklo, neg. sing., not to hear;
ikhaponaklo, a., deaf; surd, Matt. 11: 5;
Italhpanaklo, pp., to be heard.

haponaklo, n., a hearer; an auditor; a
hearkener; a listener; sahaponaklo, my
hearer (distinguish between this word
and aponaklo, to inquire of) .

haponaklo, n., a hearing; an audience.

haponaklo achukma, a., heedful.

haponaklochi, v. t., to cause to hear or
attend.

hapukbo, n., down; the fine soft feath
ers of fowls.

hapullo, n., the seat of a man; the rump
or the protuberant part behind; the
buttocks.

hasimbish, n., the tail; a skirt.

hasimbish fall, v. t., to whisk; to flirt
the tail.

hasimbish foka, n., a crupper.

hasimbish hishi, n., the hair of the tail.

hasimbish humma, hasimbichomak,
n., a large red-tailed hawk.

hasimbish tapa, n., a cropped tail; a
bobtail; a short tail; a dock.

hasimbish tapa, v. n., to be bobtailed;
to have the hair cut short.

hasun, n., a bug that lives on the surface
of water.

hash, renewed mention particle and its
compounds; the said; the same; see ash
and its compounds. The meaning of
haslt, is nearly the same as asJi, but as
it occurs in a different connection, and
chiefly for euphony's sake, I shall enter
the word separately. Usually ha»h fol
lows verbs, asJi and yasJt nouns, nan
imaiithqna aleha JiasJt, his disciples,
Matt. 16: 20. haslike, let it be, Matt. 17:
4; see ashke. Compounds: hashat/o —
hasliato — has1iin — hasliinli — Jtashkia —

hashon, the said, John 4: 42 — hashocha,
obj. case — haslioka, obj. case — Jiashoka-
kon — hashokakocha — hasliokakosh — Jiash-
okano — hashokat — hashokato — hashoke —
hashokia — hasliona — hashosh, the said,
John 4: 33; Luke 6: 2; oJioyo hashosh,
Josh. 2:4; nan imaiithana aleha hashosh,
.the disciples — hashot, the; the said,
John 4:11, 25, 40.

hashaya, see haxhaya.

hashinka, n., a pallet made of bearskin
or buffalo skin.

hashinko, n., name of a plant, the leaves
good for food mixed with tanj'nla (In
dian hominy).

hashintak, see shalintak.

hashonti, v. a. i., to be puny, like liposhi;
ha-shontichi, caus. form.

hat, adv., in akostininchtti hat, alml
qlhpesa.

hatachi, v. a. i., to ripen; to grow white;
takkon at hatacJti, the peaches ripen.

hatachi, a., ripe; white.

hatachi, n., ripeness.

hatanfo, n., hail; a hailstone, Josh. 10:
11.

hatanfo, v. a. i., to hail.

hatanfochi, v. t., to cause it to hail.

hatafottula, v. a. i., to hail; to fall, as
hail.

hatak, see atak.

hatak, hatak, n., a man; Matt. 9: 2;
18: 12; a person; a husband (hatak at
ikimiksho, she has no husband) ; a being
in some senses, but not in all; a
human being; mankind; folk; folks;
a mortal; mortals; a subject; an in
habitant; Kenan hatak, Matt. 10: 4; a
red man; a native; an Indian, being
used to distinguish the red men from
the whites; hatak at ikbi, a red man
made it; hatak an, a man, Matt. 15: 11.
This word implies nationality; a man
of the nation to which the speaker or
the hearer belongs, hatak inkoi, an In
dian mile; na hollo inkoi, an English
mile. Kal'di Itatak, an inhabitant of
(jfallilee. I atak is a JewT with Jews, see
Luke 10: 30; inhaiak, n., a husband; a
consort; a lord; her lord; her man.

hatak abeka, n., a patient; a sick man.

hatak achafa, n., one man; an individ
ual.

hatak afoha, n., a tavern.

bYINGTON]!

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

137

hatak ahalaia, a., personal; pertaining
to a man.

hatak aholopi, n., a graveyard; a bury
ing ground; a cemetery; atomb;asep-
ulcher; a place of burial; a catacomb;
a churchyard.

hatak aianumpuli, n., a council ground;
a place where men talk.

hatak aianumpuli chuka, n., a council
house.

hatak aiattahe keyu, a. , uninhabitable.

hatak aiyimita, n., a zealot.

hatak anuksita, n., a gallows.

hatak anuksiteli, n., the hangman.

hatak anuksiteli, v. t., to hang a man
there or on.

hatak anuksitkachi, n. pi., the gallows.

hatak anumpa isht anya, n., an ex
press; a messenger.

hatak anumponli, n., a speaker; a coun
cilor; a counselor.

hatak anumpuli, n., a talking man; a
pleader; hatak ikanumpolo, a mute; a
dumb man.

hatak asahnonchi, hatak asonunchi,
n. sing., an elderly man; a presbyter;
hatak asahnonchika, pi., elderly men;
elders.

hatak ashosh, the men, hatak ashoxh
okla nuktakancha, they marvelled, Matt.
8: 27.

hatak awaya, n., a married man; mar
ried by a woman, i. e., she has married
him.

hatak abi, v. t., to murder; hatak binka.
abi is the usual expression, to kill a fel
low-man.

hatak abi, hatak binka abi, n., a mur
derer; a man slayer; a homicide; a man
killer; see Rev. 21: 8.

hatak abi, n., murder; manslaughter.

hatak abi, a., tragical; murderous.

hatak abi, pp., murdered.

hatak abit tali, v. t., to murder or kill
all the men.

hatak abit tali, n., a murderer of men;
a man killer.

hatak afikommi, n., a barefaced man;
an impudent man.

hatak alhpesa, n., a gentleman; a fair
man; a moral man.

hatak alhtoka, n., a committee man; a
man that has some appointment ; a com

missioner; a delegation; a deputation;
a legation; an official man; an officer.

hatak apa, n., a cannibal; an anthro
pophagite1; a man eater.

hatak api humma, n., a red man; a
man of a red trunk or stalk; an Indian;
a native of America; aborigines of
America; aboriginals of America.

hatak api humma inminko, hatak api
humma minko, n., a sachem; a saga
more; a minko or mingo.

hatak api humma inchuka, n., a wig
wam; an Indian cabin.

hatak at, n., a man, Matt. !>: 9.

hatak baleli, n., a runaway.

hatak baska, n., a gambler; a gamester.

hatak binka abi, n., murders, Matt. 15:
19.

hatak chakapa, n., a blackguard.

hatak chanshpo, n., the ancients; an
ancient man.

hatak chafa, n., a runaway.

hatak chilita, n., a blade; a bold, for
ward man.

hatak chito, n., a giant; a great man.

hatak chitokaka, n., a great man; a
ruler; a lord; a noble; hatak hochito-
kaka, pi., the great men; rulers and
magnates.

hatak chuka achafa, n., a family; a
household; a house; men of one house.

hatak chunkash apa, n., animalculae
from which musquitoes grow, called by
some wiggle tails.

hatak chunkash kallo, n., a hard
hearted man.

hatak chunna, n., a bare bones; a very
lean person; a skeleton.

hatak fappo, hatak fappo, n., a magi
cian; a conjurer; a soothsayer (Ba
laam), Josh. 13: 22.

hatak fappoli, n., a magician, Gen. 41:8.

hatak haiaka keyu, n., a recluse; a her
mit.

hatak haksi, n., a bad man; a rogue; a
villain; a caitiff ; a rascal; a scoundrel;
the wicked, Matt, 13: 49; 16: 4; a man
given to crimes of any kind; a drunken
man; a culprit; a debauchee; an evil
doer: an evil worker; a knave; a profli-
igate.

hatak haksi atapa, n., a ruffian.

hatak haksi okpulo, n., a renegade.

138

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hatak haksichi, n., an impostor; a
sharper; a cheat.

hatak halalli, n., the old-fashioned man
ager of funerals, who picked the bones
of the dead and buried them and pulled
up the red poles at graves.

hatak hikia puta, n., all men; all men
in general; all standing men.

hatak hilechi, v. t., to man; to set men;
to place men; to furni.sh with men.

hatak hirnaka, n., the moderns.

hatak himmita, n., a young man; a
chap; a lad; a shaver; a swain; a youth.

hatak himmitaiyachi, n., a young man.

hatak himmitacheka, pi., young men.

hatak himmithoa, pi., young men.

hatak himona ohoyo itauaya, n., a
groom.

hatak hobachi, n. , an effigy.

hatak hobak, n., a poltroon; a coward;
lit., a castrated man; a castrate.

hatak hochitoka, n. pi., the great
men; senators; rulers; lords; elders,
Mark 11: 27.

hatak hochitoka itanaha, n., a sen
ate; the council of great men; elders,
Matt. 16: 21.

hatak hofahya, n., a shamed man; a
guilty man.

hatak hofahya iksho, hatak hofah-
yiksho,n., a barefaced man; a shame
less man.

hatak holba, n., an image or shape of a
man; a picture of a man; the resem
blance of a man ; a statue.

hatak holba isht washoha, n., a pup
pet; an image of a man for a toy.

hatak holhkunna, n., a witch; a wizard;
a dreamer; a necromancer.

hatak holhpa, pp., nettled.

hatak holhpa, n., a stinging worm; a
nettle; one kind of caterpillar.

hatak holhpalli, v. t., to nettle.

hatak holhpalli, n., a caterpillar whose
hairs are poisonous.

hatak holhpalli holba, n., a caterpillar
resembling the one above named.

hatak holhtina, n., a census of the in
habitants; men numbered.

hatak holissochi, n., a scribe; a secre
tary; a writer.

hatak holissochi imponna, n., a pen
man; a skillful writer.

hatak holitompa, n., a nobleman, John
4: 46; a rich man; a gentleman.

hatak holitopa, n., a gentleman; a
respected man; a beloved man; a rich
man; a worthy man.

hatak holitopa banna, n., an ambitious
man.

hatak hopi, n., a funeral; a burial; an
interment.

hatak hopoksia, n., a wise man.

hatak hopoyuksa, n., a wise man; the
magi, Matt. 2: 1; a sage; hatak liopoyuksa
yosJi, a wise man, Matt. 7: 24; Jiatak
ikhopoyukso yosh, a foolish man, Matt.
7: 26.

hatak hotina, n., a capitation.

hatak hunkupa, v. t., to kidnap.

hatak hunkupa, n., a thief; a kidnaper;
a man-stealer.

hatak hunkupa peni fokat anya, n., a
privateer.

hatak hullo, n., a priest; the name also
of one of the officers of government in
ancient times; a sacred man (almost
obsolete).

hatak hulloka, n., an enchanter.

hatak inhaklo, v. a. i., to listen to a
man, i. e., to a seducer; to commit adul
tery (by a woman); n., a fornication.

hatakinhaklo, n., an adulteress; a forni-
catress; a man listener.

hatak inhaklo, n., adultery, as commit
ted by a woman.

Hatak inholahta, n., name of one of the
great Choctaw families, the laws of
which affect marriages, one of which is
that any person may not marry another
belonging to the same family.

hatak inkana, n., humanity; kindness to
men.

hatak inkana achukma,n., a hospital >le
man.

hatak inkanohmi, n., a relation; kin
dred; a man's relations.

hatak ikhana, hatak ithana, n., an ac
quaintance; a friend; lit., a known
man.

hatak ikhananchi,n., a tutor; a teacher.

hatak iksitopo, n., a cripple.

hatak ilakshema shah, n., a spark; a
blade; a fop; a coxcomb.

hatak ilawata, n., a brag; a bragga
docio; a boaster.

hatak ilbasha, n., a poor man.

BYINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

139

hatak ilbasha inla anukcheto, n., a

pauper.

hatak illi, n., a dead man; a corpse; a
corse; relics; remains.

hatak illi achopa, hatak illi chopa,
n., the hunters for a funeral or pole-
pulling who furnish venison, etc., for
the company on that occasion.

hatak illi aiasha, n., tombs, Matt. 8: 28.

hatak illi ashali, n., a hearse.

hatak illi asholi, n. , a bier.

hatak illi foni aiasha, n., an ossuary; a
charnel house.

hatak illi isht af oli, n. , a shroud.

hatak illi isht afoli, v. t., to shroud.

hatak illi isht anumpa, n., an obituary.

hatak illi shilombish aiasha, n., the
place of departed spirits, sometimes
identified with hell.

hatak illichi, v. t., to murder; to cause
death.

hatak illichi, n., a murderer.

hatak imabachi, 11., a teacher; an in
structor.

hatak imanukfila, n., the mind of man;
the understanding of man; thethoughts
of man.

hatak imanukfila achukma, n., a man
of good mind, or good affections.

hatak imanukfila apissanli achuk
ma, n., a candid man.

hatak imanukfila ansha, n., a man of
mind.

hatak imanukfila holitopa, n., a saint;
a holy-minded man.

hatak imanukfila ikkallo, a., feeble
minded.

hatak imanukfila iksho, n., a block
head; a fool; a dunce.

hatak imanukfila shanaioa [or sha-
naia— II . S. H.], 11., a capricious man.

hatak imanukfila tunshpa, n., a wit;
a ready-minded man.

hatak inminko, n., an undertaker; the
manager of a funeral, or for the disposal
of the dead, as practiced in former
times. He presided over the ceremo
nies, especially at the feast.

hatak inmoma, n., a dwarf; a pigmy.

hatak impashali, n., an epicure.

hatak imponna, n., a proficient; a
learned man.

hatak inla, 11., a stranger; a foreigner;
another man, Matt. 17: 25, 26.

hatak inlaua, n., polyandry on the part
of the woman; lit., having many men.

hatak intakobi, n., a sluggard; a lazy
man; an idler.

hatak intinkba, n., an ancestor; his an
cestors (and by his mother's side, or of
her family; but see hatak linkba).

hatak innukkilli, n., a man hater.

hatak isikopa, n., an epicure; a glutton,
Matt. 11: 19.

hatak isht ahalaia, a., human; pertain
ing to man or mankind.

hatak isht ahollo, 11., a wizard.

hatak isht atia, n., the human race;
generation of man; the human species.

hatak isht atia, a., descended from
man; belonging to the human race.

hatak isht atia, v. n., to be descended
from man.

hatak isht afekommi, n., a prig.

hatak isht ilawata, hatak nan isht
ilawata, n., a braggadocio; a brag; a
braggart.

hatak isht unchololi, n., the descend
ants of man; progeny.

hatak itahoba, n., an assembly of men;
a collection; a gathering; a congrega
tion of men.

hatak itakhapuli shaft, n., a hector;
a rioter; a rowdy.

hatak itachowachi, n., a peacebreaker;
a breeder of dispute or quarrels.

hatak itanaha, n., an assembly of men;
a collection; a congregation; a multi
tude; a convention; a council.

hatak itanaha pelichika, n., a mod
erator.

hatak ithana, see hatak ikhana.

hatak itinkana, n., friends; mutual
friends.

hatak itinmiko, n. pi., the managers of
a funeral or pole pulling.

hatak itinnanaiyachi, n., a peacemaker.

hatak itishali, n., a boxer; a man who
carries a club.

hatak kamassa, n., a strong man; a firm

hatak kamassalleka, n. pi., aged men;

men advanced in years.
hatak kamassalli, n., an aged man; a

firm man.
hatak kanomona (from hatak Icanohmi

ow/), 11., a crew; a gang; a number of

men.

140

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hatak kauasha, n. , a man somewhat past
middle age and low in stature.

hatak kauashachi, n., approaching old
age; being past middle age.

hatak kania, n., an exile; a straggler.

hatak keyu, n., no man; a worthless
man.

hatak kostini, n., a wise man; a sensible
man; a civil man; a moral man.

hatak lakna, n., a yellow man; a mu
latto.

hatak laua, n., a crowd; a multitude.

hatak laua itanaha, n., a mob; a mass.

hatak laua yahapa shall, n., a rout.

hatak lauat anya, n., a caravan; a mul
titude of travelers.

hatak litiha okpulo, n., a sloven; a
dirty man.

hatak luma, n., a recluse; a silent man.

hatak lumbo, n., an individual; one
man.

hatak lusa, n., a black man; a black
moor; a negro.

hatak lusa haul, n., a wench; a black
woman who is a strumpet.

hatak lusa iklanna,n., a mulatto; a half
black man.

hatak lusa isht atiaka, n., a zambo; a
descendant of an African.

hatak lusa inyakni, n., Africa; the land
of negroes.

hatak lusa inyannash, n., an elephant
or African buffalo.

hatak lusa inyannash noti isht itibbi,
n., ivory; the tusk of an elephant; lit.,
the fighting tooth of an African buffalo.

hatak lusa lakna, n., a mulatto; a yel
low negro.

hatak lusa nipi humma, n., a mulatto.

hatak lusa ohoyo, n., a black woman;
a negress.

hatak lusa ushi, n., a /am bo; a son of
an African.

hatak makali, n., a groveler; a scrub;
a wretch.

hatak moma, n., the world; all man
kind.

hatak moma okchalinchi, n., the sav
ior of the world, or of all men.

hatak na pilesa, n., a laborer; a work-
ingman; a hireling.

hatak nakni, n., a male (opposite to the
female, who is hatak ohoyo}; a man; a
brave man.

hatak nan achefa, n., a launderer; a

laundryman.
hatak nan anoli, n., an informer; a

newsman; a notifier; a tale bearer,
hatak nan apesa, hatak nana apesa,

n., a committee; a court; a senator; a

judge.
hatak nan apistikeli alhtuka, n., a

trustee.
hatak nan chumpa, n., a merchant

man, Matt. 18: 45.
hatak nan inholitopa, n., an avaricious

man; a hard-fisted man; a hunks; a

scrimp.

hatak nan inhollo, n. , a niggard ; a miser,
hatak nan ikhana, n., a doctor, i. e.,

one qualified to teach,
hatak nan ikithano, n., a savage; a

heathen; an ignorant man.
hatak nan inlaua, n., a rich man; a man

of wealth or property.
hatak nan ithana, n., a learned man;

a man of learning or knowledge; a

statesman.

hatak nan ithana ilahobbi, n., a pe
dant,
hatak nan olabechi, n., a hinderer; a

peacemaker; a mediator.
hatak nana yoshoba isht nukhanklo,

n., a penitent man; a penitent.
hatak nanumachi, hatak nanuman-

chi, v. t., to backbite; to defame.
hatak nanumachi, n., a backbiter; a

defamer.
hatak nanumachi shali, n., a great

backbiter,
hatak nipi achukma, a., hale; healthy;

n., a healthy man.
hatak nipi tohbi, n., a white man; the

white man.
hatak nipi tohbika, n. pi., white men;

the whites.

hatak nowat anya, n., a pilgrim; a way
farer; a traveler; a lodger.
hatak nukoa shah, n., n churl; a hot-
brained man; a hotspur; a madcap.
hatak nuksiteli, n., a death man; a

hangman; an executioner,
hatak nusilhha shali, n., a blunder
head; a booby; a sleepy fellow; a dunce.
hatak ohoyo, n., a woman; a female.
hatak ohoyo ikimiksho,n., a bachelor;
a single man; an unmarried man.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

141

hatak okishko, n., a sot; a bibber; a
tippler; a drinker.

hatak okishko atapa, a., intemperate;
drunken.

hatak okishko shali, n., a hard drinker;
a great drunkard; a bacchanalian.

hatak okla, n., humanity; mankind.

hatak okpulo,n., a monster; a profligate;
a wretch.

hatak ona, n., manhood.

hatak osapa tonksali, n., a farmer; a
planter; an agriculturist.

hatak owatta, n., a huntsman.

hatak palammi, n. , a potentate.

hatak pansh amo, n., a barber.

hatak panshi, n., man's hair; a scalp.

hatak panya, n., a crier.

hatak pelichi, n., a ruler; a headman;
a leader; a leading man.

hatak pelichika, n. pi., rulers; head
men; grandees.

hatak peni isht anya, n., a pilot.

hatak pishukchikanchi, n., a milkman;
a dairy man.

hatak puta holhtina, n., a census of all
the people; the number of the men.

hatak sipokni, n., a gray beard; an old
man; an elder.

hatak shaui, n., an ape, 1 Kings 10: 22;
a monkey.

hatak shema shali, n., a fop; a cox
comb; a dandy; a man excessively
fond of dress.

hatak takchi, n., a constable; a sheriff;
"a man tier."

hatak tasembo, n., an insane person; a
lunatic; a maniac; a rake.

hatak tasembo aiasha, n., a madhouse;
a lunatic asylum.

hatak tamaha pelichi, n., a mayor.

hatak tanap anya, n., men of war, Josh.
(>: 3; 8: 3.

hatak tekchi imantia, a., henpecked;
n., a henpecked husband.

hatak tinkba, n., a man's uncles; a fore
father; elders, Matt. 15: 2; antinkba,my
living uncles.

hatak tinkba, n., an ancestor or anteces-
sor; an ancient; the ancients; antiquity.

hatak tinkba aliha, n., all antiquity.

hatak toba, n., manhood.

hatak tonksali, n., a laborer; a hire
ling; a working man; a workman, Matt.
10: 10.

Hatak Ushi, n., the Son of Man; Jesus

Christ, John 3: 13, 14; Matt. 8: 20;

Hatak Uxhi okalo, the Son of Man ; llatnk

Ushi yat, Matt. 10: 23; Hntnk Uxhi at,

Matt. 18: 11.
hatak wishakchi, n., the tip end men;

remnants of men; the last, or least

among men.

hatak yahapa laua, n., a rabble.
hatak yopisa, n., a spectator; a looker-
on.
hatak yopula, n., a jester; a joker; a

humorist; a wag.
hatak yopula shali, n., a great joker;

one addicted to joking.
hatak yoshoba, n., a lost man; a man

who has wandered out of the way; a

fallen man; a sinful man; a sinner; a

malefactor; a wretch.
hatak yoshubli, n., a snail.
hatak yuka, n., a bondman; a prisoner;

a captive.
hatak yuka atoksali, n., a penitentiary;

a state prison, where prisoners labor.
hatak yuka keyu, n., a freeman.
hatak yukpali, n., a man pleaser.
hatak yushpakama, n., a bewitched

man.
hatak yushpakainmi, v. t., to bewitch

a person,
hatak yushpakammi, n., a witch; a

bewitcher ; ikJtinsJt isfit i/nslijHikqinmi,

Rev. 21: 8.

hataklipush, n., a hen hawk,
hatakwa, a., like wood beginning to rot.
hatambish, n., the navel; the navel

string; the umbilicus; see Jtaiomhixlt.
hatapofokchi, hatapofukchi, ibafak-

chi, hatabafakchi. n., a prairie hawk,
hatapushik, hashtapushik, hatapa-

shi, hatapushik, hashtampushik,

n., a butterfly.
hataffo, n., a grasshopper.
hato, hatoh, adv. of certainty. See

toslike. Wekehuto? heavy indeed, when

not thought to be so; eld banna h<ito?

liaioh cliikeli, hqchi moina hato? are ye

also yet? Matt. 15: 16. kahato, old

style of kaheto.—X. Graham.
hatonfalaha, n., an eschalot; an onion;

a leek;, a scullion; xliacJunni is a name

in use among the Sixtowns Choctaw

for an onion.

142

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hatonfalaha chito, n., an onion; a large
onion or eschalot.

hatok, hatuk, hattok, sign of the re
mote past tense, with ha prefixed.
See ha and atok. These words pertain to
the grammar as " particles ;" cf. Matt.
13:13; anyali hatuk keyu, I am not come,
Matt. 9: 13; atok, Matt. 9: 13— Com
pounds : hatoka — hatokako — hatokako-
cha — hatokakona — hatokakosh; hatoka-
kot — hatokano — hatokato — liatokqt — ha-
tokqto — hatokinli — hatokkia — -hatokma —
hatukma; nan isht qlhpisa hetukma, the
parable, Matt. 13: 18 — hatokmako; Jta-
tukmakon, the sake of, Matt. 16: 25 —
hatokmakoclia — hatokmakona — hatokma-
kosli — hatokmakot — hatokmano — hatok-
mqt- — hatokmqto — hatuko71, for, Matt. 14:
4 — hatokocha — hatokoka; hatukoka, be
cause, Matt. 14: 5 — Jiatokokqno — ha-
tokokqt — Jiatokokqto — hatokoke — hatoko-
kla — hatokona — hatokosh; hatukosh in
hohchqfo hatukosh, Matt. 12: 1; hatukosh,
for, Matt. 13: 44 — hatokot; iknqlokahato
expresses a wish as well as certainty;
as, he will not fail to be wounded.

hatokbi, a., pale; whitish.

hatokbi, v. n., to be pale; hatak nashu-
ka yqt hatokbi, the man's face is pale.

hatokbichi, v. t., to make pale; to bleach
or whiten.

hatombalaha, hatomalaha, n., a beech;
a beech tree.

hatombalaha ani, n., a beech nut.

hatomma, see hatuma.

haton lakna, a., brown colored.

haton lakna, v. n., to be brown col
ored.

haton lakna, n., brown color.

haton laknachi, v. t., to color brown;
to brown.

hatonchi, v. a. i., to jump; to leap, as a
man or a hobbled horse; hatak at ha
tonchi, the man jumps.

hatonchi, n., a jumper; a leaper.

hatonli, nasal form pi. of hatulli (q. v.);
to jump.

hatonli, n., a jumper.

hatosh, atosh, yatosh, the compound
particle made of at and osli, u strong
contradistinctive of the simple definite
a; qlat osh ansha.

hatosh, adv., not; not so; said when a
person corrects his own statements;
similar to chikimba.

hatoshba, atoshba, yatoshba, adv.,
cannot; never can. Holisso han (Book
it) pisali (see I) keyu kqt (not wrho) ithq-
naZa(learnl) haloshba (never can); issq-
manoli (thou me tell) keyukma (if not)
ithqnala (learn I) hatoshba (never can).

hatoshke, adv., truly, John 4: 19[?] ; cer
tainly; spoken as an inference from
facts which took place without the
knowledge of the speaker; see toshke
and hato.

hattaui, v. a. i., to prance.

hattauichi, v. t., to cause to prance.

hattauichi, v. a. i., to ride ostentatiously.

hattauichi, n., a prancer.

hatuk, hattuk, see atuk and hatok, Matt.
4: 24; those which were; those which
had been, implying continued state of,
or condition in; the immediate past
tense; with the particles a, ha, ya, did;
was; has; had; has been; had been;
chinchuka ialihatuk, I was on my way to
your house; hatuk, have, Matt. 2: 2;
sabqnnahatuk, I have wanted and wrant
now; imanyalihatok keyu, I came not to
them, past tense completed. Com
pounds: hatukan, the; intishu hatuk an,
who sustained the relation of servant
to Moses, and although Moses was dead,
retained the name; had been and was
the servant of Moses, Josh. 1: 1. —
hatukakon — hatukakocha—hatukakoka —
hatukakokqt — hatukakona — hatukakosh —
hatukakot — hatukano — hatukato — ha-
tukqt; intishu hatukqt, Matt. 8: 13— ha
tukato — hatukinli — hatukkia — hatukma,
Matt. 7: 24 — hatukmako™, for the sake
of, Matt. 18: b—hatukmakocha — hatuk-
makona — hatukniakosli — hatukmakot —
hatukmano — hatukrnqt; umba hatukmqt,
the rain, J\latt. 7: 25, 27; ha, which;
tuk, was and is; uiqt, also, t, con. in nom.
case; antishtt hatukinaf, ^\Iatt. 8: 8 — ha
tuk mqto — hatukon, by reason of, Josh. 9:
13 — hatukocha — hafnkoka — hatnknkdkon,
ilqppqt hatak katiohmi hatukokakon, what
manner of man is this? Matt. 8: 27—
hatukokqno — hatukokqfj for; because,
Matt. 13: 5, 6; Josh. 1:3; talipuknuka

BYINGTONj

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

143

yon aiitabana hatukokqt, rock on there
founded for, Matt. 7: 25 — hatukokato —
hatukoke — hatukokia — hatukona — hatuk-
osh — hatukot.

hatukchaya, see hatukchaya.

hatuko, adv., not (see atuko); hina (road)
yat (the) aiyamba (well chosen) hatukon
( not ) anyalahe keyu ( go along I can not ) .

hatukosh, adv., not; nahutto sia nanta
hatukosli, as I am not a white man.

hatulli, v. a. i. pi., to jump, as a hob
bled horse; to canter; hatonli, nasal
form, jumping; isuba hat hatonli.

hatulli, n., a jumper.

hatullichi, v. t., to cause to jump; to
canter.

hatuma, hotuma, hatomma, adv., evi
dently; Mashkokiishittibitoko11? Na ka-
tihmi hatomma; akbokitok.

hatush, see atush.

hauachikchik, n., name of one kind of
grasshopper.

hauansa, hopansa, v. a. i., to champ;
to chew; to chaw.

hauashko, hauwashko, a., sour; acid;
tart; acetous; frowsy; hard; rancid.

hauashko, v. n., to be sour.

hauashko, v. a. i., to prick; to become
acid; to quail, i. e., to curdle, as milk.

hauashko, n., sourness.

hauashko, pp., soured.

hauashko chohmi, a., subacid.

hauashkochi, v. t., to sour; to make
anything sour; to turn sour, etc.

haul, v. t., to act the harlot; applied to
females not to men, though in the New
Testament this word is used in the
masculine gender.

haul, n., a harlot; a whore; a strumpet;
a fornicatress; an adulteress, Matt. 5:
32; Rev. 21: 8.

haul, n., lewdness; whoredom; ahaui,
whoredom; 2 Kings 9: 22.

haul, a., lewd; lascivious; given to lewd-
ness, as an abandoned female; wanton;
adulterous, Matt. 12: 39; 16: 4.

haul, v. n., to be lewd (a female).

haul anukfoyuka, a., wanton; given to
lewdness.

haul ikbi, v. t., to debauch.

haul ikbi, n., a whoremaster.

haui itimalhpisa, v. t., to commit adul
tery, Luke 16: 18 old translation.

haui pelichit nowa, v. t., to act the
whoremonger; to pander.

haul toba, v. a. i.. to become a harlot;
to prostitute one's self or herself.

haui toba, n., fornication, Matt. 15: !'.».

haui tobat nowa, v. a. i., to act the
harlot.

hauk, huk, exclamation, oh, dear; alas;
a man says liauk when a woman says
aiehna.

hauwashko, hauwashkochi, see Inn/-
ashko above.

hawa,hahwa, v. a. i., to gape; to yawn.

hawa, n., a gaper.

hanwa, n., a locust; the small kind of
locust; washa is the large kind.

hawachi, v. t. , to cause to gape.

hawash, hahwash, n., an adder.

haya, adv. of time, after. The particles
are suffixed to it. The final syllable
ya is changed in some respects for
sound's sake, when some of the particles
are suffixed; ha is the true word; ya,
yat, yosh, and yo are art. pronouns.
In Matt. 1: 12 we have ha after j/a", the;
also cf. hayokmakosh, Luke 6: 42; ha-
yashke, Matt. 17:9.

hanya, pp., shelled or shucked, as hick
ory nuts.

habishko, n., a sneeze.

habishko, habishko v. a. i., to sneeze.

habishkuchi, v. t., to make one sneeze.

habishkuchi, n., snuff; maccaboy.

hacha, n., a river; the name of Pearl
River.

hachi, hach, per. pro., n. case of neuter,
and passive verbs, 2 per. plu., you; ye
or you; hachinusi, you are asleep;
hachilli, ye die; hachinukshopa na, Luke
2: 10; hachitalakchi, you are tied; ha-
chiachukma, you are good, Matt. 5: 48.

hachi, hach, per. pro., in the obj. case
before active trans, verbs, meaning
"you;" hachianoli, Matt. 15: 7; hgchi-
pisali, I see you; hqchipfasa chin for;
Matt, 6:1; hachikhanali, I know you;
hachikanimachi, to despise or slight
you; Matt. 5: 44, hacMlbashachi, to per
secute you, Matt. 5: 44.

hachi, hach, pos. pro. prefixed to nouns
which are the names of the body and
its members or personal qualities; your;
hachinushkobo, your heads; hachinish-

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kin, your eyes, Matt. 13; 16; hqchibbak,
your hands; Jiqchitekchi, your wives,
Josh. 1: 14.

hachin, pos. pro. prefixed to nouns
which do not begin with a vowel or
with p, ch, 1, t, meaning your, as hq-
chinholisso, your books; hqchinki, your
father; hqchin nan qlhpoa, your cattle,
Josh. 1 : 14; see hachim, hqcJtin, chin, etc.

hachin, per. pro., in the dative case, pre
fixed to verbs, and usually translated
with a preposition, as, of you, to you,
from you, for you, and the like. This
form of pronoun for the sake of sound
precedes the same letters as described
above; hqchWudlo, Matt. 5: 46; hqchin-
nukkilli, Matt. 5: 44.

hachia, per. pro., 2d per. plu., ye or you;
no. hollo hqchiahoke, Matt. 5: 13, 14, 45;
see chia; hqchiama, Matt. 12: 34; ye,
Matt. 15: 7; 16: 3; hqchia hokqto, ye,
Josh. 1: 14; hqchia kqt, Matt. 12: 34.

hachik, n., a small bag; a satchel, such
as are made by the Choctaw women.

hachik, 2d per. pi., neg. form, ye or you;
hqchikminto, ye do not come; hachik
chohmokashke, Matt. 6: 2; hachikaya-
mihchokashke, Matt. 6: 1.

hachim, prefixed, pos. pro., 2d per. pi.
in the obj. case before nouns beginning,
with a vowel, as hqchimisuba, your,
horses; kqchimqlhtoba, n., your reward,
Matt. 6: 1; JiacJiimalla, your little ones
Josh. 1: 14. See JiqcJdn, hachin.

hachim, prefixed, per. pro., 2d per. pi., in
the dative case, before verbs beginning
with a vowel and to be rendered with
a prep., as, of you, for you, to you, from
you, and the like, hqchimanoli, hqchim-
anumpuli, JiqcJiimachilishke, Matt. 5: 20;
hqchimqlhtoba, Matt. 5: 46; hqchimanuk-
fillit, Matt. 5: 44. In Matt. 7: 2; hq-
chishnoiiiqt and hachim stand in apposi
tion; one is considered to be in the
nominative and the other in the dative
case.

hachim, noin. case before some neuter
verbs beginning with a vowel, as hachim
okpulo, you are angry, or there is evil
in you. See chlm.

hachimmi, adj. pro., your.

hachimmi, v. n., to be your.

hachimmi toba, v. a. i., to become your.

hachin, pre. per. pro., 2d per. pi., in the
nom. case before nouns beginning with
ch, 1, and t, as hqchinchuka, your houses;
hqchintqnqp, Matt. 5: 44; but hqchin-
miha, command yon, Josh. 1 : 13. See
hachin t hachim.

hachin, pre. per. pro., 2d per. pi., in
the dative case before verbs beginning
with ch, I, and t, and is usually ren
dered with a prep., as, of you, for you,
from you, to you, and the like.

hachin, pre. pro., your, found before
some verbs when not before the noun
in the nom. case, as lancJd at hqchintaha
instead of hqchintanchi at taha.

hachishno, pro. pi., ye or you; hqchishno
an, Matt. 7: 1; hqchishnoma, you also;
hqchishnomqt, ye also.

hachishno, obj. case, you, Matt. 5: 46;
11: 21; hqchishno ashon, you; hqchishno
ashon hqchiokpqni, rend you, Matt. 7: 6;
hqchishno akint, yourselves; your own;
hqchishno akinli, yourselves; your own;
hqchishno yoka, a., your; hqchishno
i/o kqt, your; hachishno i/okqto, Matt. 13:
11.

hachisrvno, pos. pro., yours; your.

hafikbi, v. a. i., to sink, as land.

halapoli, v. a. i., to lap over; nitak iton-
Itqlapoli; see wqlapolih.

halba, n., a glow worm; a lightning bug;
the matter discharged from sore eyes.

Halbamo, n., Alabama.

Halbamo okhina, n. , the Alabama River.

halbansha iksho, n., ill nature; ill will;
see hqlhpansha Iksho.

halbabi, v. n., from hqlba and qbi, to hav(^
sore eyes, as hqlba sqbi, I have sore
eyes.

halbabi, n., sore eyes.

halbina, n., a present; a donation; a gift;
a gratuity; na hqlbina, a present, 1
Kings 10: 25.

halbina, pp., presented; given a.s a pres
ent.

halhpansha, v. n., to be amiable, peace
able, kind, etc., Gen. 33: 10.

halhpansha, n., peace; kindness.

halhpansha, a., amiable; peaceable;
kind; peaceful.

halhpansha iksho, halbansha iksho, a.,
unkind; cruel; ill natured.

BYIXUTOXl

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXOUAGE

145

halhpanshi, adv., peaceably, Gen. 37: 4;

v. a. L, to be pleased, Gen. 33: 10.
hallali, see Jialall.
hallampa, halampa, n., a ringworm; a

tetter; herpes,
hallampabi, v. n., to have a ringworm or

tetter.

halwa, n., a soft-shelled turtle.
hala, pp. pi., kicked; trodden.
hali, v. t. pi., to kick; to tread; to step;

to stamp, to trample; habli, sing.
hali, n., treaders; steps.
halichi, v. t., to cause to tread on; to

trample; isJit altalic/ti, Matt. 7: 6.
hama, pp., rubbed; stroked,
hammi, v. t., to rub gently with the

hand; to stroke,
hammi, n., a stroker.
hammoli, v.t. ; in anumpa alhpisa ya katak
okat kobahafitokoka (or okat) achukmalit
hammolit imantia cha, alhtobat illi tok cha.
hanawia, n., suspenders,
hanan, hannan, n., a bird called a small
eagle, or a hawk; a swift bird of prey,
hannali, see hannali.
hannanuki, v. i., to turn round; to be

giddy.

hannaweli; hanaweli, n., one strap of
a suspender; a handkerchief hung over
the shoulders like a sword belt; a sling
by which to carry things,
hannaweli, v. t., to carry, as a gun,
with a sling that comes over the breast
and under one arm, the gun being be
hind.

hapi, n., salt, Matt. 5: 13.
hapi, a., salt.
hapi, v. n., to be salt,
hapi, hap, per. pro. we, nom. case, 1st
per., social pi. of neuter verbs, as hapi-
nusi, we sleep, i. e., we all sleep; hapi-
t«nkla, all with us, Matt. 13: 56.
hapi, hap, per. pro. we, nom. case, 1st
per., social pi. of passive verbs, as hapi-
talakchi, we are bound, i. e., we are all
bound.

hapi, per. pro. us, bb. case, 1st per., social
pi., before active transitive verbs, as
hapipesa, he sees us, i. e., all of us;
hapiakaiya, to follow us, Matt. 15: 23.
hapi, hap, pos. pro. our, in the nom.
case, prefixed to nouns which are the
names of the body and its members,
as hqpichun~kqsh, our hearts.

S4a:;.0° —Bull. 4U — 15 10

hapi aialhto, n., a saltcellar; a salt-bin,
basin, etc.

hapi aiikbi, n., a salt- work.

hapi atoba, n., a saline; a salt- work.

hapi champuli, n., sugar.

hapi champuli aialhto, n., a sugar bowl,
barrel, box, etc.

hapi champuli api, n., sugar cane.

hapi champuli okchi, n., molasses; the
sirup of sugar.

hapi champuli tohbi, n., white sugar,
called loaf and lump sugar.

hapi champuli yammi, pp., sweetened
with sugar.

hapi champuli yammi chi, v. t., to
sweeten with sugar; to sugar.

hapi holba, n., salts; resembling salt;
saline.

hapi kanchi, n., a salter.

hapi kapassa, n., saltpeter; niter.

hapi kali, kali hapi oka, n., a salt
spring; a saline.

hapi lakchi, n., coarse salt; alum salt;
hominy salt.

hapi lakchi chito, hapi lakchi hochito,
n., rock salt.

hapi oka, n., salt water.

hapi okchi, n., brine.

hapi okhata, n., salt sea, Josh. 3: 16.

hapi pushi, n., fine or blown salt.

hapi yammi, pp., salted; seasoned with
salt; hapi ikyamiiio,a.t fresh; not salted;
unsalted; unseasoned.

hapi yammichi, v. t., to salt; to corn.

hapi yammichi, n. , a salter.

hapin, pre. pos. pro., our, prefixed to
nouns that do not begin with a \ owel
or with pi ch, I, t.; hqpinholisso, our
book, or our books.

hapin, per. pro., us, 1st per. pi. in the dat.
case before verbs, and usually trans
lated with a prep., as of us, to us, for
us, from us. This word is found writ
ten hapin before the same sounds as the
above.

hapin, 1st per. pi. social, our; the pro. is
removed from the noun in the nom.
and placed before the verb, as nakni
tqshka hapinhotina, he has counted our
warriors.

hapia, per. pro. nom. case, we, as hatak
api humma hapia hokc, we are all red
men.

146

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hapim, pre. pos. pro., our, 1st per. social
pi. , prefixed to nouns which begin with
a vowel and sometimes p, as hapim-
isuba, our horses.

hapim, per. pro., us, 1st per. social pi.
in the dative case before verbs that
begin with a vowel and usually trans
lated with a prep., as to, for, of, etc.,
as liapimanoli, he told us; hapimanum-
P'uli, he spake to us.

hapim, 1st per. social pi., our; the pro. is
removed from the noun in the nom.
and placed before the verb, as isubat
hqpimilli instead of hqpimisuba hat illi.

hapimmi, a., our.

hapimmi, v. n., tu be our, or ours,
Mark 12: 7.

hapimmi toba, v. a. i., to become our.

hapin, pre. pos. pro., our, 1st per. social
pi. in the nom. case, before nouns be
ginning with c/i, £, and t, as hqpin-
chuka, our house.

hapin, per. pro., us, 1st per. pi., dat. case,
before verbs beginning with ch, I, and
t, and usually rendered with a prep.,
as of, for, to, from.

hapin, pos. pro., our.

hapishno, per. pro., we, 1st per. social
pi., nom. case, i. e., you and I; you
and we, etc. ; all of us.

hapishno, obj. case, us.

hapishno, per. pro., our, 1st per. pi.;
hapishno akinli, ourselves.

has, per. pro., ye or you, as hqssathana,
ye know me; hassiachi, ye say of me,
Matt. 16: 15; hqxsqmashke, Josh. 2: 13.

hash, per. pro., ye or you, 2d per. pi.,
nom. case, before active verbs, as hqshia,
Matt. 5: 44, 47, 48; 6: 1, 2; 13: 14.

hash isht ikhana, see hashi isht ikhqna.

hashanya, hashanya, v. a. i., to get mad;
to become mad, bristled or vexed; to
pout.

hashanya, v. n., to pout; to be cross or
angry; ilehqshaya, to be angry with
himself, Gen. 45: 5.

hashanya, a., cross; fretful; sulky; surly.

hashanyachi, v. t., to fret; to make a
person mad, cross, or fretful.

hashcha, n., an offense.

hashi, n., the sun; a luminary; a light,
Josh. 10: 12; huslii (it kohc.ltaina, when
the sun wras up, Matt. 13: 6; hashi a Icon ^
the sun, Matt, 13: 43; 17: 2.

hashi, n., a sunflower.

hashi, n., a moon; a lunar month; a
month, Josh. 4: 19; 5: 10.

[Mr. Byington says of the Choctaw
months: "But very few Choctaws know
all the names or know when the months
come in or go out." At first he inserted
a list of month names in alphabetical
order without stating whether they were
obtained from one person or from several.
Later he obtained and recorded two
others, one October 23, 1854, from Ila
pintabi, and the other December 31, 1856,
from lyapali. Ilapintabi told him that
the year began in the latter part of Sep
tember, while, according to lyapali, it
was in the latter part of March. Both
of these statements are reconciled by a
subsequent note to the effect that the
year wras divided into two series of six
months each, a summer series and a win
ter series. From the time when these
are said to have begun, September 21 and
March 21, it is evident that the autumnal
and vernal equinoxes were taken as start
ing points. The list of months obtained
from lyapali is in almost complete agree
ment writh the earliest list recorded by
Byington, and therefore is probably more
correct than that of Ilapintabi. It is as
follows:

March- April, chafo chito (from

hohchqfo chito,
"big famine")

April-May, hash koinchush.

May-June, liash koichito.

June-July, hash mall.

July-August, hash watullak.

August-September, tek in1iqshi.

September-October, Jnisli bUii.

October-November, hash bissa.

November-December, hash leaf.

December-January, hash takkon.

January-February, hash Jiopoui.

February-March, diajiskono (from
hoJicJiqfo iskiti-
ni, "little fam
ine").

Besides some inconsequential differ
ences the earliest list has hasJt 'tratonlttk
instead of fiqsli, watullak. No May-June
month occurs in this list unless it is rep
resented by "fuak uiosJioli," the specific-
application of which is not given, and

BYI.NGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

147

which appears to have been questioned
by Mr. Byington's later informants.
Since, however, a year of twelve strictly
lunar months must be corrected at inter
vals to agree with the solar year, the
editor suggests that luak mosholi, which
means "fire extinguished," may have
applied to an intercalary month or period
at the time of the annual festival when
the year began anew. Ilapintabi's list
differs from that given only in inverting
hash kofochush and hash koicltito, and hash
mail and hash watullak, the first being
made to fall in May-June, the second in
April-May, the third in July-August,
and the fourth in June-July. — J. R. S.]
hash! achafa, n., a month; one month;

one moon.

hashi achafakma, adv., monthly,
hashi ahalaia, a., solar; pertaining to

the sun.

hashi aiitolaka, n., the west,
hashi aiokatula, n., the west,
hashi aiokatula, a., west; occidental;

western; westward,
hashi aiokatula imma,adv., occidental;

westward, Josh. 1: 4; 8: 9.
hashi aiokatula mali, n. , a zephyr,
hashi aiokatula pila, adv., occidental;

westward; toward the west,
hashi aiokatula pilla, adv., to the west;

at the west; away to the west; 'a.,

western.
hashi akochaka, hashi akuchaka, n.,

the east, Matt. 2: 1, 9.
hashi akonoli, n., a circle around the

sun or moon.
hashi akuchaka, hash akuchaka, n.,

the east, Matt. 8: 11; orient; a., oriental.
hashi akuchaka irrirna, hash aku
chaka imma, adv., eastward; easter
ly; toward the rising sun, Josh. 1: 15;

4: 19.
hashi akuchaka okla, n., the eastern

people; the orientals,
hashi akuchaka pilla, adv., at the east;

to the east; in the east.
hashi akuchapila, adv., toward the east;

eastward.

hashi aopiaka, n.. the west, Matt. 8: 11.
hashi atomi, n., the sunshine; the place

where the sun shines,
hashi alhpisa, n., terms; the monthly

course of females; menses.

hashi bolukta, v. a. i., to full, as the

moon.

hashi bolukta, n., the full moon.
hashi himmona, ti., the new moon.
hashi himmona talali, v. a. i., to change,

as the moon; to pass the sun, as the

moon in its orbit.
hashi himmona talali, n., the now

moon.
hashi himo auata, v. a. i., to change, as

the moon; to appear, as the new moon.
hashi himo auata, n., the new moon.
hashi holba, a., sunlike.
hashi inni, v. t., to bask; to warm by

the sun.
hashi isht ikhana, hash isht ikhana,

n.,awatch; a timepiece; achronometer;

a dial; a timekeeper.
hashi isht ikhana inshukcha, n., a fob;

a watch pocket.

hashi isht ithana chito, n., a clock.
hashi isht ithana ikbi, n., a watch

maker; a clock maker.
hashi kanalli, n., an hour, John 1: 89.
hashi kanalli alhpisa, n. , an hour, Matt.

8: 13; 10: 19; 15: 28; 17: 18.
hashi kanalli isht alhpisa, n., an hour.
hashi kania, v. a. i., to go; to disappear,

as the sun when eclipsed.
has*hi kania, n., an eclipse of the sun or

moon.

hashi kucha, n., sunrise.
hashi kuchaka, n., the east,
hashi libisha, v. t,, to bask in the sun;

to get warm by the sun.
hashi loshuma, n., the old of the moon,
hashi lua, a., sunburnt.
hashi lua, v. n., to be sunburnt,
hashi luhmi, v. t., to hide the sun, i. e., to

eclipse the sun.
hashi luma, pp., eclipsed or hid, as the

sun.

hashi moma, adv., monthly.
hashininakanya, n., the moon, Josh. 10:

12.
hashi nitak isht ikhana, n., a calendar;

an almanac.

hashi okatula, n., sunset; sundown.
hashi talali, n., the new moon, Ch. Sp.

Book, p. 95.

hashi tohwikeli, n., daylight.
hashi tuchinakma, adv., quarterly,
hashilabi, ushelabi, n., a sty; a disease

of the eyelid.

148

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hashilli, v. a. L, to change, as the moon;

this refers to the old of the moon,
hashilli, n., the change or death of the

moon.

hashintak, n., a comb,
hashintak yauaha, n., a coarse comb,
haship, n., the breast of a fowl,
hashitombi, see haxhtomi.
hashki, n., my mother, Josh. 2: 13;

Matt. 12: 48, 49, 50; mam, or mamma;

cliishke, thy mother.

hashninak anya, n., the moon; a lumi
nary; a light.
hashninak anya isht alhpisa, n. , lunar

measurement or calculation.
hashninak anya tohwikeli, n., moon
light; moonshine.
hashontombichi, v. t., to sun.
Hashtali, n., the Great Spirit; the gov
ernor of the world, whose eye is the sun.
hashtampushik, hashtapushik, see

hatapushik.

hashtapola, n., the bull nettle.
hashtap, hashtip, n., fallen leaves; dead

leaves.

hashtap inchilakwa, n., chicken pox.
hashtap mali shali, n., drift.
hashtap yuloli, hashtap yoluli, n., a

salamander; a small lizard,
hashtomi, hashtombi, hashitombi, n.,

a sunbeam; sunshine,
hashtula, n., winter; the winter season,
hashtula anta na lopulli, v. a. i., to

winter.

hashtula chohmi, a., wintry,
hashtula iklana, n., midwinter,
hashtula tashka chipota aiasha, n.,

winter quarters for an army,
hashtulahpi, n., the fall; autumn; the

fall season.
hashtulammona, n., the early part of

winter,
hashuk, n., grass; herbage; sward, Matt.

6: 30; 14: 19.
hashuk abasha, n., a place mowed;

where grass has been cut; a meadow,
hashuk alamo, n., a meadow,
hashuk ashachi, v. t., to mow; to put

away hay or grass.
hashuk bansi, n., a wild grass of which

hand brooms are made,
hashuk basha, pp., mowed; mown,
hashuk basha shila, n., hay; mowed

grass.

hashuk bashli, v. t., to mow; to cut

grass.

hashuk bashli, n., a mower,
hashuk chanshlichi, n., a large green

grasshopper which sings loud and in

the morning,
hashuk chito, n., great grass; stout grass;

thick and heavy grass.
hashuk f oka, a. , grassy.
hashuk hata, n., a bird having a small

body and long legs, often seen around

water and muddy places,
hashuk impa, v. a. i., to pasture.
hashuk impachi, v. t., to pasture; to

graze.

hashuk ipeta, v. t., to graze,
hashuk isht bashli, n., a hook.
hashuk isht holmo, n., a thatch.
hashuk isht homo, v. t., to thatch,
hashuk isht itannali, n., a rake,
hashuk itanaha, n., a haycock; a pile

of hay; a rick of hay; a mow; a swath

of grass.
hashuk itannaii, v. t., to collect hay;

to rake hay.
hashuk lohammichi, v. t., to trail the

grass.
hashuk malli, v. a. i. , to lighten ; to flash,

as lightning (lit., grass leaps, or to leap

over grass).
hashuk malli, n., lightning; a thunder

bolt; electricity; a flash of lightning.
hashuk pancha, n., a flag; a blue flag; a

" cattail" flag,
hashuk patalhpo, n. , a grass bed ; a straw

bed.

hashuk pata, n., crab grass; crop grass,
hashuk shila, n., hay; cured grass.
hashuk shileli, v. t., to hay; to cure

grass.

hashuk shileli, n., a haymaker,
hashuk umpoholmo, n., thatch.
hashuk umpoholmo, pp., thatched,
hashuk umpohomo, v. t., to thatch.
hashwish, hashwash, n., worms; those

of a small kind that affect children as

a disease,
hat, art., the, nom. case, suffixed to

nouns; aleha hat, they; Matt, 2: 1.

Sometimes written at and i/at as well

as Jia, a, and ya (q. v.).
hat, rel. pro., when suffixed to verbs,
hat, used before tvk and tuk.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

149

hata, an adv. in recent past tense, ex
pressing surprise.

hata, n., paleness.

hata, a., pale; white; cadaverous; pallid;
sallow.

hata, v. n., to be pale; hanta, nasal form
(q. v.).

hata, n., a gleet; gleets.

hata lakna, n., a yellow white; an
orange color.

hata lakna, a., having a yellow-white
color.

hata laknachi, v. t., to color a yellow
white.

hata ont ia, v. a. i., to have the gleets;
to gleet.

hata ont ia, n., the whites.

hatabafakchi, see hatapofokcM.

hatachi, v. a. i., to turn white; to be
come pale; to ripen, as peaches. See
hatachi.

hatachi, n., a light color.

hatakbi, a., white, like a man's tongue
in fever.

hatapakli, v. a. i., to gallop.

hatapaklichi, v. t., to gallop.

hatapofukchi, n., a prairie hawk.

hatapusha, n., the bull nettle.

hatapushik, hatapushik, n. , a butterfly.

hatak, see hatak.

hatat kania, a., very pale.

hatat kania, v. n., to be very pale; v.
a. i., to become very pale.

hatip, n., the rump; the croup or crop.

hatton, adv. ; ishwiha l\atton?

hattok, see hatok.

hatukchaya, hatukchaya, n., a great
witch; an imaginary being who makes
Choctaw doctors.

he, art., see ak.

he, heh, ahe (q. v. ), adv., almost; well
nigh; etala lie, we have almost finished
it; nearly, Luke 8: 42; cf. hikma.

he, hi, sign of the remote future of the
indicative mood; shall; will. Com
pounds : hea — h-eakano — heaknf — -Jieak-
alo — -Jteakat — heakin — heak'mli — heak-
int — lieakkia • — heakma — lieakmako —
heakmakocha — heakmakona — heakinak-
osli — Iteakniakot — -Jicakmano — heakmat —
heakmato — -lieuko — lieakocha — -heakoka —
Jiedkokano — hcakokat — Jieakoke — heak-
ok!(t — hedkona — hecikosh — liecikot — heci-
tok, lieatuk, hiatuk, etc., should have—

hekak, etc., seekak, and its compounds — -
Jiekakon, but; for — lienxtL- Imndka — he-
makano — liemdkin — JicmakinU — Ix'inak-
int — hemakkia — hemako — heinakochn —
Itemakoka — hemakokat — hemakoke — Jia-
rnakona — hemakosh — hemakot — hcon,
Matt. 6: 1 — heoka — heokamn heokaf —
heoke, hioke; laua Jiioke, many will there
be, Matt. 7: 22; achilahiokc, say 1 will;
Matt. 7: 23 — heokmano — heokmal — hrok-
mato — Jietok, should have been; would
have been; might have been; remote
hetuk, recent past tense, might have
been; ought; hashatanyahetuk of, Josh.
2: 16; 3: 4.

he keyu, adv., can not; shall not: will
not.

heahni, see hiahni.

healhpesa, n., an occasion.

hehi, v. a. i., fern, gen., to sing.

hehi, n., fern, gen., a singer.

hehio, hehyo, n., the name of a wild
root.

hehka, v. a. i., to start; to recoil; to
startle; to wince.

hehka, n., a starter; a wincer.

hehkachi, v. t., to startle.

hehkat anumpuli, v. t., to extemporize.

hehkat anumpuli, n., an extemporizer.

hekano, n., the last speech of a dying
man.

heli, v. a. i. pi., to fly; to go in haste,
Matt. 28: 8; Mka, singular.

heli, n., fliers.

heli, a., flying; volant,

helichi, v. t., to cause to fly; to scare away,
as birds; to make them fly.

helachi, see hilachi.

heno, art. in the obj. case, from heio.

hepulla, a., apt; liable; obnoxious;
probable; subject.

hepulla, n., danger.

hepulla, v. n., to be surely; surely to be.

het, art. in nom. case; ///«, oblique case;
see akhet.

het, adv.; see Acts 7: 17; nitak at aloim'11
het •maliani/a)iia; Itet is a sign of the fu
ture with the connective t. The word
is anJi.eh, near; a diminution of which is
anhu.si; the final h is elided by the sub
stitution of t copula.

heto, art., see aklu'to; /?a/o obsolete style
for Jteto; iklokaJtato, ikaiyohkaato.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOCV

[BULT.,. 46

heto, adv. of neg., can not; will not; shall
not; impossible; when this follows a
verb in the neg. form it becomes an af
firmative, as iklokaheto, he will not
not come, i. e., he will surely come.

heto, a., impossible.

heto, v. n., to be impossible.

hetuk, ought, Matt. 18: 6.

hi, ahi, sign of indie, fut. ; see he (prop
erly a he}.

hin, int., pshaw, meaning dislike or con
tempt.

hiahni, heahni, v. a. i., to love; to es
teem, heishahni, hiahnili, heilahni.

hiahni, v. t., to caress; to love; to dote
upon; irreg. v., tali liolisso hiahni, he
loves money; hiahnili, I love; Jtiishahni,
thou lovest; hiahni, he loves; hiilahni,
hiiloahni, hehachahnili, I love you (pi.).

hiahni, n., a lover.

hiahni, a., merciful.

hiahni iksho, n., apathy; fell.

hiahni iksho, a., without love.

hiahni iksho, v. n., to be without love.

hiasinti, see iasinti.

hichali, a., spiteful; brave; inJtichanlitok.

hichali, v. n., to be spiteful.

hichali, n., spite.

hichi, n., a boil; a tubercle; a wild tur
nip.

hichuk, n., the name of a root, of which
the Choctaw have made bread in a
time of scarcity; see kifash.

hichukbi, hochukbi, n., a natural pit
or hole in the ground, or one that runs
under ground, as a chasm; a pit; a hole;
a cave; a cavern; a den, Josh. 10: 17,
18, 27; 2 Sam. 18: 17; cave of Machpe-
lah, Gen. 23: 9; see tali chifuk.

hichukbi chito, n., a cavern.

hichukbi fo^ka, v. a. i., to den; to dwell,
as in a den.

hichushi, n., a tubercle; small boils.

hieli, v. a. i. pi., to stand, Josh. 3: 14, 17;
6: 4, 13; 7: 12; 8: 10; itikba hieli, to stand
before; hikia, sing.; hinli, nasal form.

hieli, pp., setup; placed.

hieli, n., those which stand; those who
stand.

hielichi, hiohchi, v. t., to erect; to set
up; to cause to stand.

hinha, v. a. i., to groan.

hinha, n., a groan.

hiho, int., ah.

hika, pp., pawned; pitched; placed; set;
cocked; ikhehko, a., uncocked; inhika,
n., a pillar.

hika, v. a. i. sing., to fly; to flit; to wing;
to soar; to touch with the feet; aion-
hikahe or hikiahe, to stand on («/, there
or where); to tread on, Josh. 1: 3; to
rest in, Josh., 3: 11, 13, 15; 4: 18; heli, pi.

hika, a., volant; volatile; flying.

hika, n., a flier; a line.

hika, n., a stand.

hika, n., a tree called sweet gum, and
the gum or wax.

hinka; (tka hi^ka, a footman; oka Itinka,
to be in the water.

hika nia, n., the gum of the sweet gum
tree.

hikachi, v. t., to cause to fly; to scare
away a bird; to make it fly.

hikat anya, v. a. i., to soar.

hikbat, adv. ; ayukpa hikbat, can not be
joyful.

hiket anya, v. a. i., to be with, Luke
9: 41.

hiket ia, v. a. i., to start; to begin, as in
running a road or lines.

hikia, v. a. i. sing., to stand, Josh. 3: 13;
5: 13; to go; to get, Luke 4:8; to be
or stand, as a well or spring, Josh. 4:6;
to hold; to look, as pit hikia, et Jtikia, to
look toward; hikfoa, nasal form, to sit,
as fowls on their roost; to stop, Matt
11: 11; hikia, for to be, to stand; hikia-
shke, for the verb to be; Matt. 16: 23;
hikiatok, Matt. 17: 2; inhikia, to have;
tanampo inhikia, he has a gun; hikint;
onhikia, to stand on; to perch; hieli pi.

hikia, n., that which stands; a stand.

hikia, a., standing, as hatak hikia.

hikia, pp., erected; set up; established;
installed; pitched; placed.

hikia toba, v. a. i., to get able to stand
or walk.

hikiat ia, prep., from, Josh. 1 : 4.

hikikia, v. a. i., to go, as one looking for
a lost object, Matt. 18: 12.

hikikina, v. a. i., to stand about; to walk
about; to attend to some little business;
a frequentative after the example of
binininliaiidyanananli; see Matt. 18: 12.
CJiwis at . . . hikikin<ilok, John 10: 23
nowqt hikikina, Mark 11: 27; binili, to
sit, bi)iininli; kana/li, to move, kana-
nanll; yanalli, to run, yananali.

BYINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXCl'AOK

151

hikikina, n., one that walks about.
hikma, from he, almost or well-nigh, and

ikmci.
liilechi, v. t., to set, Matt. 18: 2; Josh.

7: 26; to set up; to put up; to take up, as

a stray; isuba Jian aionhilechi, to set on;

ikbit hilechi, to rear, Matt. 16: 18; 2 Sam.

24: 18; to rear up, John 2: 20; to check;

to cock, as a gun; to erect; to establish;

to fill, i. e., to supply a place with an in

cumbent; to ground; to fix; to inaugu

rate; to install; to instate; to institute;

to invest; to ordain; to pawn; to place;

to pledge; to present; to raise; to seat;

to settle; to station; to stick.
hilechi, n., a setter up; an institutor; a

pawner; a placer.
hilechi, n., an installation.
hinlhhinlhachi, v. a. i., to quack; okfo-

cliitxli at hinlhhinlhachi; the duck says

hiloha, v. t., v. a. i., to thunder; to ful
minate; to intonate, 1 Sam. 2: 10.

hiloha, n., thunder; a peal of thunder;
a clap of lightning; a thunder clap.

hiloha, a., thunder, as a thunder storm.

hiloha abi, nilohabi, pp., killed by
lightning.

hiloha abi, hilohabi, v. t., to kill by
thunder; to strike with lightning; to
thunder strike.

hiloha hoshintika, n., a thunder cloud.

hiloha tassa, hiloha bassa, n., a sharp
peal of thunder.

hiloha umba chito, n., a thunder
shower.

hilohachi, v. t., to cause it to thunder.

hilohachi, n., a thunderer.

hila, v. a. i., to dance; to frolic; to gam
bol; to hop, Matt. 14: 6; Jiaelnkheloslike,
ye have not danced, Mat. 11: 17; ishit
hila, v. t., to triumph over by means
of, 2 Sam. 1 : 20.

hila, n., a dance; a ball; a frolic; a min
uet; nakid hila, a male dance, in which
none but men are engaged; nashoba
hlla, n., a wolf dance; pn^shi ixht hila,
n., a war dance, or a hair dance or
scalp dance.

hila, n., a dancer; a frolicker.

hilachi, helachi, hilachi, v. t., to cause
to dance: to make others dance; to
dance.

hima, may be the root of the following

words: h'tinnta, fiiniuk, Jtiiinimk; Itimn.

himak, a., instant; current; present;

modern; this; himak at, this is, Luke 1 :

36.

himak, adv., now; at this time, 2 Sam.

24: 2; himakashke, v. i., Matt. 11: 1±
himak, n., now; the present time, mo
ment, or instant.
himak afammi, n. or adv., this year; the

present year,
himak ano, adv. or n., now; as for the

present time.

himak foka, n. or adv., about this time;
palashash himak foka, pilashash h'nnnk
foka, yesterday about this time.
himak fokalechi, a., presumptuous;

hazardous; wandering,
himak fokalechi, v. a. i., to act at ran
dom; to run a hazard; to act rashly;
himak fokalechi t anumpuli, v. t., to chat
ter; himak fokalechit anya, to wander,
himak fokali, v. a. i., to go or act at

random or at hazard,
himak fokali, n., random,
himak fokalit, adv. , with hazard or care
lessly; headlong; headfirst.
himak fokalit anumpuli, v. a. i. , to bab
ble; to prate; to talk at random; to
quibble.

himak f okalit anumpuli, n. , a quibbler.
himak fokalit anya, v. a. i., to go along
at random without a guide or road; to
wander.

himak fokalit hochefo, v. t., to nick
name.

himak f okalit hohchifo, n., a nickname,
himak fokalit holissochi, v. t., to

scrawl; n., a scrawler.
himak fokalit miha, v. a. i., to guess;

to conjecture.

himak hashi, n., this month,
himak ninak, n., adv., this night; to
night.

himak nitak, n., this day; adv., to
day; the present day, or time, Matt. 6:
11; 11: 23; this day, Josh. 5: 0; now,
Matt. 15: 2.

himaka, adv., n., now; the time now;
the present time, Josh. 1: 2: Matt. 14:
15.
himakma, a., more: moreover.

152

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

himma, adv., aux. (from he, future gen.,
and imma, toward; direction of), shall
hereafter; shall toward; will; with
keyu, not ever; never; lakofa himma
keyu, he will never recover; toward
recovery he never will.

himma, v. n., to be hereafter, as cJd-
himmali, I, after you.

himma keyu, adv., never; ne'er.

himma keyu, v. n., never to be.

himmak, a., subsequent; following; un
born; future; younger; intensive form
of liimak, as pilla is the intensive form
of pi la; see ilappak, yammak, words of a
similar character.

himmak, v. n., to be subsequent; inhhn-
mak, to be after him; sahimmak, to be
after me, John 1 : 27.

himmak, adv., hereafter; afterward;
after; at last; himmak ishanya, at last,
you are along.

himmak foka, adv., hereafter; about
this time.

himmak pila, n., the coming time; adv.,
henceforth; henceforward; hereafter.

himmak pilla, n., the time that is to
come; the future time; the future.

himmak pillama, adv. or n., hereafter;
from henceforth; for the future time;
henceforward.

himmakma, v. n., in the sub. mood;
lit., when it shall be hereafter, but it is
usually rendered as an adverb, here
after; at a future time; by and by;
furthermore; next, Matt. 5: 13; then,
Matt. 18: 16; any more, Josh. 5: 1, 12.

himmita, v. n., to be young.

himmita, a., young; fresh; sappy;
youthful.

himmita, n., the young; youth; the
flower; a youngster.

himmita aliha, n., the youth.

himmita chohmi, a., youngish.

himmitasi, a., young, Luke 2: 36; green.

himmitasi, v. n., to be young.

himmitacheka, a. pi., young.

himmitachi, v. t., to make young; to
rejuvenate; to renew; himmitaiyaclri,
pro. form.

himmithoa, a. pi., young; ir<tk Jiimmlt
lion, young cattle, but not very young.

himmithoa, v. n. pi., to be young.

himmithoa, n. pi., those who are young;
the youth; the young ones; the flower.

himmitushi, a. (dim.), young,
himmona, n., newness; a novelty; once,

Matt. 9: 33; with a negative, never,
himmona, himona, a., new, Matt. 13:

52; brandnew; present; fresh; novel;

recent; virgin; young.
himmona, pp., renewed; renovated,
himmona, v. n., to be new.
himmona aioklachi, v. t., to repeople.
himmona chuhmi, a., newish,
himmona iktobo, a., unrenewed; un-

regenerate.

himmona isht atta, n., a novice,
himmona toba, pp., renovated.
himmonacha hinla, a., renewable,
himo, adv., now; just now, John 2: 9;

Junto ela, we have just arrived,
himona, n., now; the present time,
himona, adv., now; just; afresh,
himona achafanlit kanima anta, n.,

ubiquity,
himona hofanti, v. a. i., to be growing

up now.

himona hofanti, n., present generation.
himona hofanti, a., pp., just raised;

just grown.
himonachi, himonachi, v. t., to make

new; to renew; to renovate; ilehhno-

tiachi, to renew himself,
himonali, v. n., to be at once or in a

moment; h!mon(mfi, nasal form.
himonali, v. a. i., to do at once.
himonali, adv., at once; all at once;

instantly; forthwith,
himonanli, adv., forthwith.
himonasi, v. n., to be instantly,
himonasi, n., now; just now; this mo
ment, Matt. 9: 18; 17: 12.
himonasi, adv., immediately; instantly.
himonasi achafa, n., one minute.
himonna, n., a single instance.
himonna, adv., once; Luke, 5: 1; Josh.

6: 3.
himonna, v. n., to be once or a single

time.

himonna11, v. n., to be often; to be fre
quently or repeatedly; Matt. 17: 1">.
himonna achafa, v. n., to beat one time.
himonna achafa, adv., at the same time;

himonna achafa mont ikanumpuli, let all

speak at once.
himonna achafa halalli, n., a single

haul.

BYIXOTOxl

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXCC'ACK

153

himonna achafanli, adv., once.

himonna isht atta, n. , a novice.

himonna tapli, v. t., to sunder once; to
clip off once; n., a single clip.

himonnaha, adv., once; one time.

hina, n., a road; a path; a street, a way,
Josh. 2: 19; Matt. 7: 13; a farrow; a
pass; a pathway, Luke 3: 4; a route; a
row; a track; a trace; an alley; an ave
nue; a walk; Nachi foil ma, the Natchez
Trace.

hina apesa, v. t., to run a road; to lay
out a road.

hina abanabli, v. t., to cross another
road; to go over the road.

hina abanabli, n., a crossroad; cross
roads.

hina bashpuli, n., a scavenger.

hina chito, n., a large road; a highway;
a broad way; a large path; a wagon
road.

hina falakto, n., a fork in a road.

hina hanta, n., a bright path; the way
of peace; the gospel path; the narrow
way of life.

hina ikbi, hinikbi, v. t., to make a
road, or a row; to furrow; to lay off
furrows for planting; to path.

hina ikbi, hinikbi, n., a road maker;
one who makes roads or furrows; a way
maker.

hina ikpatho, n., a lane; a narrow way.

hina kucha, n., a ford; a pass.

hina onhanabli, v. t., to cross over an
other road.

hina onhanabli, n., a crossroad; cross
roads.

hina patha, n., a broad road; a wagon
road; a highway; a street.

hina takla kahat hunkupa, n., a high
wayman.

hinak, okhinak, n., a corn tassel, or the
tlower of corn on the top of the stalk;
also v. a. i.

hinak bitepuli, hinak atepuli, hinak
batepuli, n., the rainbow; the bow of
promise; Iris.

hinak bitepuli, v. a. i., to form or be
come a rainbow: lit., to rainbow.

hinak kucha, n., the appearance or
coming out of the corn tassel.

hinak toba, v. a. i., to become a corn
tassel; to tassel, as corn.

hiriak toba, pp., made as corn tassels;
tassel led.

hinakfoata, n., a crossroad,
hinakfoata, v. a. i., to cross another

road,
hinakshu, n., an old deserted road; an

unused road.

hinanli, a., along the road.
hinanli, v. n., to be along the road.
hinikbi, see hina ilchi.
hinla, a., liable; likely; obnoxious.
hinla, ahinla, sign of the potential mood.

can; may; shall; will, Matt. 6: 7, 21;

12: 29; Luke 5: 7; katiolnn'ihdlitnld,

Luke 8: 9; hah'mla, Luke 4: 7, 38; Matt.

2: 4, 13; John 4: 40, 47;hhda*hke, would,

Matt, 12: 38.
hinla, can be, or the English ending -ble,

as in fusible.

hinlatok, could; could have; would.
hinlatuk, could; could have; might;

might have; should; would,
hinli, nasal form, from hidi; haksobish at

inftinlikmat, Matt. 11:15; alapi^hat hieli,

Matt. 12:41.
hinli, pi., i. e., from two to four; to be

standing; Jiaksobish. at inhinlikmat, if he

have ears, Matt. 13: 9.
hinluk, n., a small green-headed wild

duck; a wood duck.
hiohmanya, n., a standing round.
hiohmanya, v. a. i., to stand around,

Matt. 6: 5; 13: 2, 30; hiohtn«n,iqshke,

Matt. 12:47.

hioht, adv., contracted from hioli.
hioht ansha, v. a. i., to sit around; to

stand.
hioht manya, hiohmanya, v. a. i., to

stand around.
hokma, see liohtia.
hioli, hiyoli, haioli (q. v.), v. a. i. pi., to

stand.

hioli, a., pp., set up; erected,
hioli, n., those which stand; those

which are set up.
hiolichi, hiolechi, v. t, to set up: to

to erect; to put up; to raise up, Luke

3: 8; to team; to set on the feet; aka

pit hiolicJii, Josh. 2: 15; 5: 7; see Ide-

lichi.

hiolichi, n., a teamster.
hionshakeli, n., a grasshopper of the

largest kind,
hish ansha, a., haired; having hair;

hairy.
hish ansha, v. n., to be haired.

154

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

hishi, n., hair, except that of the head,

which is panshi; fur; feathers; wool;

leaves; a blade; a coat (hishi boafa, to

shed his coat); a leaf; a spire; a fleece,
hishi aialhto, n., a woolsack,
hishi alikti, n., a pin feather,
hishi atoha, a., woolen,
hishi chito, a., hairy; having much hair;

shaggy; leafy.

hishi chito, v. n., to be hairy,
hishi chito, n., a shag; a shag lock,
hishi chito ansha, a., shagged.
hishi homi, tishi homi (q. v.), n.,

pepper.

hishi homi ani, n., a pepper corn,
hishi homi humma, n., red pepper; cay
enne pepper; capsicum; see tishi hum-

ma.
hishi iksho, a., naked; destitute of hair,

except on the head; bare,
hishi laua, a., leafy.
hishi lapishta, n., short, fine hair; fuzz,
hishi toba, a., fledged; feathered.
hishi toba, pp., leafed; having leaves;

leaved,
hishi toba, v. a. i., to fledge; to grow, as

feathers; to become feathers; to leaf,
hishi tobat taha, pp., feathered entirely;

leafed out.

hishi wanuksho,n., short fine hair; fuzz,
hishi lukchi, see pishilukchi.
hishuxiluk, see Jioshunluk.
hitoka, hotoka, n., a ball ground,
hituchina, a., third,
hituchina, v. n., to be the third,
hituchinaha, adv., thrice; three times,

Acts 10: 16.
hituchinanchi, v. t., to do it three

times, or the third time,
hituk, hittuk, 11., powder; gunpowder;

Choctaw pearlash, or potash.
hituk aialhpisa, n., that in which

powder is measured, especially a single

charge, and called a charger,
hituk aialhto, n., a powderhorn or flask;

a keg, or canister of powder,
hituk aiikbi, n., a powdermill.
hituk aionchiya, n., a pan; a priming

pan.

hituk atoba, n., a powdermill.
hituk bofota, n., dust; flying dust.
hituk chubi, hituk chubbi, n., ashes:
dry dust; dust; wood ashes, Matt. 11:
21.

hituk chubi ahoiya, n., a lye leach; an
ash leach; hoii/a is the active verb.

hituk chubi aholuya, n., an ash leach;
a leach; lioluya is the passive of hoiya.

hituk chubi aialhto, n., an ash box,
bin, or tub.

hituk chubi holuya, n., lye.

hituk chubi inchuka, n., an ash house.

hituk chubi isht peli falaia, n., a peel;
a large fire shovel.

hituk chubi isht piha, n. , an ash shovel ;
a fire shovel.

hituk haksun onchiya, n., a priming;
the powder lying on the priming pan.

hituk hoiya, n., lye.

hituk isht alhpisa, n., a powder charger;
the measure of a load.

hituk lakna, n., brimstone; sulphur.

hituk lakna bota, n., the flour of sul
phur or of brimstone.

hituk laya bachanya, n., a train of
powder.

hituk shibota, n., flying dust; smoke of
powder.

hituk tohbi, n., flying dust; dust. Matt.
10:14; pearlash; potash, such as is man
ufactured by Americans.

hituk yanha, n., embers; hot ashes.

hitukla, hotukla, a., second.

hitukla, v. n., to be second.

hituklaha, adv., twice; second time.

hituklanchi, v. t., to do it twice, or a sec
ond time, or again.

hiyoli, see ItiolL

ho, 2d per. pi. imp. mood, when the word
begins with a consonant, and oh when
with a vowel; Jiominti, come ye; oltla,
go ye.

ho, oh, the "marriage pronoun,"
a syllable thrown into the verb, or
placed at the beginning of a verb which
indicates certain relations by marriage,
such as son-in-law, daughter-in-law, or
father-in-law and mother-in-law; used
only by those who sustain this rela
tion, and called "shame talk/'

ho, an exclamation.

ho?, interrogative. See John (>: 29.

ho, hon, an art. used after a noun, usually
rendered as a or an, the indefinite ar
ticle; as nana hopisali, 1 see a thing, or
something. As the art. an- is written
an, han, and »/««•, so this has three
ways, o«, /<o», i/o11, and chiefly for the

BYixr/rox] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

sake of euphony, yet Ion usually
follows a verb, yon a noun, and on a
word which ends with a consonant,
as icak on, liatak on. But the
sense and the idiom of the Choctaw
will not always admit of rendering hon,
on, and yon by the article a or an; nor
will that of the English admit it
wherever the Choctaw language does.
It is also a relative pronoun, simple and
compound, when compounded having
different senses and used after different
parts of speech; ho, hon, hoh (see o, on,
oli}, have the sense of the verb to be
in the 3d person, or of the auxiliary;
also to do; hachibaptismochilishke, I
do indeed baptize you, Matt. 3: 11.
Compounds: hocha — hoka, because,
since, Matt. 5: 22—hokaka — hokaka-
no — hokakant — hokakanlo, Luke 1: 37;
Cliihowa hokakanto — hokakqt (I have
heard this particle used) — hokakalo —
hokakhe—hokakheno — hokakhet — hokak-
heto — hokakkia; mali, micha okhata aiena
hokakkia, even the winds and the sea,
Matt. 8: 27 — liokakon — hokakocha — hoka-
kona — hokakosh; ishpisa hokakosh, thou
seest, Matt. 7: 3; chiahokakosh, thou
art, John 3: 10; pi^sa hokakosh, they
seeing, Matt. 13: 13; hahanklo hokakosh,
hearing, Matt. 13: 13; hqshasha yoka-
kosh, "ye dwell," Josh. 9: 22—haka-
kot — hokamo (ho and kqma}; mintiliho-
kqmo, — hokano (from lio and kano};
na holissochi qleha hokano, the scribes,
Matt. 7: 29; itihhokqno, their mouth,
Matt. 15: 8; keyu hokano, which not,
Matt. 15: 13; isht impa hokano to eat
with, Matt. 15: 20 — hokano, hokano, Josh.
1: 3, Matt. 16: 3; hahanklo hokano, by
hearing, Matt. 13: 13; pihinsa hokano,
seeing — hokat, he who does, Matt. 5:
21— hokato, Matt. 5: 19, the one who
does (distinctive by way of comparison),
Matt. 5: 19; imachi hokato, Matt. 5: 22;
atmnpa hokato, Matt. 5: 37, ishmmmpula-
chinjiokqto, Matt' 6: 6; qni ket/u hokato,
that bringeth not forth fruit, Matt, 7: 19;
they that, Matt, 11: 8; cJninkaxh okqto,
their heart, Matt. 15: 8; bqnna hokato,
Matt. 16: 25; abit iktalo hokato, Josh.
8: 26; hoke, final word; lanahoke, are
many, Matt. 7: 13; ahauchihoke, do
find Matt. 7: 14; isht imaholitopahoke,

Matt. 11: 19, alJiftesahokc it is lawful,
Matt. 12: 12; saiyukpa jehnahoke, Matt.
17: 5—hokia—hokon, the. Matt. 17: 2—
hona — hosh — hot.

hoansa, v. t., to chew; to chaw; to champ;
to masticate; see ho]>anna.

hobachahe keyu, a., inimitable.

hobachi, v. t., to imitate; to liken; to
assimilate; to ape; to mimic; to echo; to
conform; to depict; to pattern; to jeer;
to mock; to reverberate; to shape; to
simulate; isht ahobachi, to pattern by
means of it; to figure; itiliobqchi, to
cause to resemble each other or to
make them alike; itiobqchi, to compare;
sahobqchi, to imitate me; ilahobqch!., v.
t., to make like himself, Gen. 1 : 26, 27.

hobachi, v. a. L, to echo; to pattern; to
resound; to reverberate.

hobachi, n., an echo; a mock; mockery.

hobachi, n., an imitator; a mimic.

hobachi, a., mock.

hobachi, n., the act of imitation.

h,obachit, adv. or the v. and conj., same
as to imitate, etc.

hobachit anumpuli, v. t., to mock; to
mimic; to talk like another.

hobachit anumpuli, n., a mocker; a
mimicker.

hobachit holissochi, v. t., to copy; to
write like another; to imitate the writ
ing of another.

hobachit holissochi, n., a copyist.

hobachit ikbi, v. t. , to make after a pat
tern; to make a likeness; to copy; to
assimilate.

hobachit ikbi, n. , one that makes after
a pattern; an imitator.

hobachit miha, v. t. , to rehearse.

hobachit nowa, v. t., to walk like an
other.

hobak, n., a coward; a poltroon; a das
tard; a eunuch; a gelding; a recreant
(a word of peculiar reproach and of
fense).

hobak, a., pp., castrated; altered; cut;
gelded; cowardly.

hobak chohmi, adv., cowardly.

hobak ikbi, v. t., to castrate; to geld; to
cut; to alter.

hobak toba, pp., become a gelding, cow
ard, etc.; castrated; gelded.

hobak toba, a., fainthearted; unmanly.

hobak tobachi, v. t., to unman.

156

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hobechi, v. t., to steam; to make a
steam; to sweat in order to cure dis
ease as was often done by the Choc-
taw doctors after this manner: herbs
and roots were collected and boiled in an
iron pot, a hole was dug in the ground
large and deep enough to admit the
pot, which having been done, a cover
of wicker work was laid over it. The
patient lay down over this pot, covered
himself with blankets, and took the
steam. ilehobecJti, v. ref., to steam one
self.

hobechi, n., one who applies steam; one
who steams.

hobechi, n., a steaming.

hobi, v. t. (pp., holbi), to boil whole, as
eggs with the shell on, potatoes, chest
nuts, corn on the ear, beans in the
pod; to foment.

hochaffo, v. a. L, to starve; to hunger.

hochaffo, hohchaffo, a., hungry; hoh-
•chqffofehna, very hungry.

hochaffo, hohchafo (Matt. 12: 1), ho-
chanff o , v . n. , to 1 >e hungry ; hoch aii/afo.

hochaffo, 11., hunger; hohf-hqfo, famine,
2 Sam. 24: 13.

hochaffo, v. a. i., to hunger.

hochaffo, pp., starved.

hochaffochi, v. t., to starve; to distress
by famine.

hochaffochi, n., one that distresses by
famine; one that starves others.

hochaffoch.it abi, v. t., to starve; to kill
with hunger; hochqtfuchit obit tali, to
starve all to death.

hochaffot illi, v. a. i., to die with hunger;
to starve to death.

hochaffot illi, pp., dead with hunger;
starved to death.

hocheto, hochito, a. pi., large; big;
great; huge; vast; immense; stupen
dous.

hocheto, v. 11., to be large1.

hocheto, n. pi., greatness; great ones.

hochetochi, v. t., to cause to be large.

hochetochi, n., an enlarger.

hochetoli, v. t., to make large, loud,
or great; to enlarge; to increase.

hochetoli, n., an enlarger; enlargers;
those \vho make large.

hochlfo, hochefo, hohchifo, v. t., to
name; to call; to denominate; to en
title; to specify; to style; to term;

hocJiinfo, hochihinfo, hoch'iefo, Matt. 1 : 21,
22, 23; 10: 25; John 1: 42.

hochifo, n., a name, Matt. 6: 9; a de
nomination; a character; a label; a
style; a title; hohchifo ash illi, ilap at illi
keyu, this character is dead, he is not
dead; yqmma hohchifo hon, his name,
Matt. 12: 21.

hochifo, hohchifo, pp., named, Matt.
9:9; called; denominated; entitled; la
beled; styled; termed, John, 3: 1; iti
hocJiifo, named after another person.

hochifo, hochefo, n., aiiamer; a denom
inator.

hochifo bieka, a., nominal.

hochifo holisso takali, pp., enrolled.

hochifo holisso takalichi, v. t., to en
roll; n., a signer.

hochifo iksho, a., unnamed; without
name; nameless; anonymous.

hochifo iktakalo, a., anonymous; not
labeled.

hochifo ishi, v. t., to list.

hochifo okpulo, n., a by-name; a nick
name; a bad name.

hochifo takali, n., a signature.

hochifo takali, pp., labeled; having the
name entered; named; signed; listed.

hochifo takali, v. a. i., to list.

hochifo takalichi, v. t., to label; to en-
ter the name; to sign the name; to sub
scribe.

hochifo takalichi, n., a subscriber.

hochifochi, ahochifochi, v. t., to cause
to name; to name, Josh. 19: 47.

hochito, see hocheto.

hochitolit holissochi, v. t., to engross.

hochitot holisso, pp., engrossed.

hochunanlhto, see JtoshunaiqJJi1o.

hochukbi, hichukbi, n., a natural pit;
a hole; a cave; a cavern.

hochukma, a. pi., good; excellent; pleas
ant; agreeable, Josh. 5: 2; vchukum,
sing., which see, Matt. 5: 16; 6: 28;
13:45; naJtochukma, good things, Matt.
7: I1\hochnnkma, the good, Matt. 13: 45.

hochukma, hochunkma, v. n., to be
good; hochuyukma, pro. form.

hochukma, v. a. i., to do well; to do
good; to act good, as hqxliliocltnkina.

hochukma, n., goodness; excellencies.

hochukmalechi, v. t. pi., to repair them:
to make them good.

hochukmalechi, n. pi., repairers.

BYIXOTOX] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXGUA(!K

157

hochukmali, v. t. pi., to improve them;

to repair; to better, etc.
hochukmali, n., repairers.
hochukmat, adv., well; in a good man
ner or state.

hochukwa, a., cold; chilly; this word
describes the sensation of cold; aguish;
hochukwat illi, very cold,
hochukwa, v. n., to be cold or chilly;
aguish; sahochukwa, I am cold; not sa-
kapassa.

hochukwa, v. a. i., to freeze.

hochukwa, n., a cold; chilliness; ague;
a chill; an ague lit.

hochukwa yanha, 11., the fever and
ague.

hochukwat yanha, v. t., to have the
fever and ague; to be sick with the
fever and ague.

hochukwachi, a., aguish; chilly; some
what cold.

hochukwachi, v. n., to be aguish, chilly,
etc.

hochukwoba (from liocliukwa and holla)
a., aguish; shivering.

hochukwoba, v. n., to be aguish; to be
shivering.

hoeta, v. a. i., v. t., to puke; to vomit; to
discharge; to gulp; to regorge; to spew.

hoeta, n., a puke; a vomiting; a vomit.

hoeta banna, v.t., to gag; v. a. i., to retch.

hoeta banna, n., nausea; a qualm.

hoeta banna, a., qualmish; queasy.

hoetachi, v. t., to cause to puke or
vomit.

hoetachi, n., an emetic; a puke; a vomit,

hoetachi banna, a., sickish.

hoetat pisa, v. t,, to heave; v. a. i., to
retch; to gag.

hofah iksho, hofahyiksho, a., immod
est; impudent; shameless; unblushing;
ikhofahyo, not ashamed; unblushing;
unshamed.

hofahya, a., ashamed; abashed; cha
grined; mortified; scandalous; hofaya
(subpositive), shameful; sheepish.

hofahya, v. n., to be ashamed.

hofahya, n., shame; dishonor; mortifi
cation; scandal; islitahofuhya, reproach,
Josh. 5:9.

hofahya, pp., mortified; ashamed.

hofahyachi, v. t., to shame; to abash;
to expose to shame; to mortify.

hofahyachi, n., a shamer.

hofahyat, adv., shamefully.

hof aloha, a. pi., long; tall; lengthy,

as in 'iinki hofaloha; fain in, sing.
hof aloha, v. n., to be long, or tall.
hofaloha, n., length; tallness.
hofalohachi, v. t., to make them long;

to lengthen.

hofaloli, v. t., to make long, Matt. 23: 5.
hofanti, v. n., to grow up; to advance
in stature, as animate or inanimate ob
jects, children, cattle, etc., 1 Sam. 2: 21 ;
si' t hofanti, raised up by me or with me;
katimako chiaJtofanti lion?
hofanti, pp., grown, Matt. 8: 32 [?]:
reared; raised; brought up; cherished;
nourished; protected.
hofanti, n., a growth; that which is

raised or reared.

hofantichi, v. t., to raise; to rear; to
bring up; to cherish; to foster; to nour
ish; to nurture; to protect; 1iof<(iitiiir/ti,
nasal form; hofantihinchi. freq., Luke
7:28.

hofantichi, n., a raiser; the person who
raises, educates, or brings up; a nour-
isher.
hofantit taha, pp., grown up; fully

grown.

hofayali, hofayali, v. t., to shame; to
abash; to expose to shame; to humble;
am anumpa isht hofayalileluk, I shamed
him by my words; isht hofali, persecu
tion, Matt. 13: 21; isht hofayali, v. t., to
stigmatize; ilehofayali, to disgrace him
self.

hofayali, n., a shamer.
hofayalichi, v. t., to put to shame, Luke

18: 32; Mark 12: 4.
hofayalit, adv., shamefully.
hof alii, v. a. i., to hatch; to come out of
the shell, as birds, fowls, turtles, and
any creature that is formed in a shell;
to grow, as the young who thus come
into being.
hof alii, n., a growth; a hatch; the act of

exclusion from the egg.
hofalli, pp., hatched; grown; raised,
hofallichi, v. t., to hatch; to raise; to
cause to raise or to hatch; ikhofaUecho,
a., unhatched.
hofallichi, n., a raiser of poultry; a

breeder.

hofobi, a., deep; profound; ikhofo, a.,
shallow.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAX ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hofobi, hofombi, v. n., to be deep,
hofobi, n., depth; deepness; thickness;

ikhofobo, n., shallowness; a shoal,
hofobi, pp., made deep; deepened,
hofobi, adv., thick; thickly,
hofobichi, v. t., to deepen,
hofobichit hilechi, v. t., to radicate; to

set deep.

hofobichit hokchi, v. t. , to root,
hofobika, n., the depth,
hofobit ia, v. a. i., to deepen; to become

more deep.

hofombika, n., the deep,
hoh, a distinctive emphatic particle,

which perhaps should be regarded as a

pronoun; it; that; see Luke 2: 44;

hachimachi hohkia, Mark 13: 21; ishla

hohcho? art thou come? Matt. 8: 29;

imaleka hohkia, Matt. 11: 22.
hob. chaff o, see hochqffo.
hohchifo, pass, of hochifo; ahohchifo,

called in, Matt. 5: 19.
hohchifo, n., a name; his name, Matt. 1:

21; chfrhohchifo, thy name; Matt. 7:22;

sign, Acts 28: 11; a^hohchifo, my name,

Matt. 18: 5; 2 Sam. 14: 7.
hohchifo, pp., named, Josh. 2: 1; called,

Josh. 5: 9.
hohoeta, pi., or freq., hoeta, sing., to

puke continually; to vomit continually;

hoihinta, freq.

hohoeta, n., a puke; a vomiting,
hohoetachi, v. t. pi., to puke; to vomit;

to cause to puke,
hohpi, see hopi.
hohpi, hopi, hoppi, v. t., to bury; to

inter; to commit the dead to the ground

or grave; to inhume; to entomb; to

sepulcher; hohpili, I bury, Matt. 8: 21;

hohpashke, let them bury, Matt. 8: 22;

14: 12; 1 Kings 11: 15; hohpitiatok, they

went to bury her, 2 Kings 9: 35.
hohpi, n., an interment; a burial; obse
quies; sepulture,
hohpi, n., a grave digger; a sexton; hohpi

at ikshokahioke, 2 Kings 9: 10.
hohtak, n., a pond; a beaver pond; a

lake, Luke 5: 1.
hohtak ushi, n., a small pond; also name

of a creek,
hoiya, foiya, v. a. i., to drip; to leak;

to strain; to filter; hohonit/a, 1 Sam. 14:

26, spoken of honey,
hoiya, pp., strained; filtered.

hoiya, n., a leak; a drop.

hoiyachi, v. t., to strain; to filter; to

percolate.
hoiyachi, n. , one who strains, filters, etc. ;

a straining.

hok, sign of past tense, having also an
adverbial meaning, as mintili hok; same
as tukoke, a contracted expression.
hokak, etc. ; see ho and its compounds,
hokama, hokamba, conj., because,
hokbali, v. t., to warm over again, as
kaft hokbali, taflfnla hokbali; hokba, pp.
hokbano, okbano, yokbano, sign of
optative mood ; a^ya hokbano, ilahnishkc,
only be along, Josh. 1: 17; oh, that it
might be; hokbano ahni, 2 Tim. 1: 4;
hokbano is used without ahni in 2 Tim.
1: 16, 18; 2: 7; kbato, okbato, nom. case;
kbano, okbano, obj. case.

hokbato, sign of optative mood, Luke
19: 42.

hokchi, v. t., to plant; to sow; to lay; to set;
as, onusJiJtokchi; tanchihokcJti; ilahokcJii,
to plant anything by itself, separated
from others; ahokchichi, v. t., to sow
among other grain; ant ahokchichi, and
some other sort, Matt. 13: 25; see ata-
nachi, Judg. 16: 13; where Samson's
seven locks were woven with the web,
i. e., two different things are woven
together.

hokchi, n., a planter; a sower.

hoke, a final particle of assertion from
ho and ke; an affirmative particle.

hokli, v. t., v. a. i., to catch; to seize; to
lay hold of, Matt. 14: 3; to take; to
clasp; to entrap; to fasten; to gin: to
have; to ensnare; to noose, to trammel;
to trap; itinhokli, Mark 12: 3; hoho^kli,
nasal form; JioyuUi, pro. form; ikhoklo,
a., untaken.

hokli, n., a catcher; a seizer; a taker.

hokli, n., a seizure.

hoklichi, v. t., to cause to catch; to em
ploy to catch.

hoklit aiissa, v. t., to ravish: to force:
to commit a rape; to violate. 2 Sam. 1:5:
12.

hoklit aiissa, n., a ravisher; a violator.

hoklit aiissa, n., a rape.

hokma, hiokma, if it shall i^froni //oand
kma, ho, is, kma, then, that), Matt. 11:
14; 12: 27; if, Matt. 18: 8/9; if shall,
Matt. 18: 15; hiokma is in the future,

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXGUACK

159

from he and okma; nana Jiokma, what
it be, Matt. 9: 13; yqmntakosh, that;
nana hokma, that, Matt. 10: 13; add
hokma, when they ask, Josh. 4:6; hok-
md, or, Matt. 10: 14, Josh. 1: 7; tamaJia
hokma, that house, or that city, nana
iskitini hokma, chito hokma nana kia,
1 Sam. 30; hokma as here used is
similar to the Latin suspensives.
Compounds: hokmak; hokmakbanoho-
ka those that be, Matt. 16: 23—hok-
maka — hokmakano — hokmakato — hok-
makhc — hokmakheno — hokmakhet — hok-
maketo — hokmako, then, Josh. 1: 15 —
hokmakocha — hokmakoka — hokmakokano
— hokmakokat — hokmakokato — hokmak-
oke — hokmakokia — hokmakona — hokrnak-
08h; ona hokmakosh, he were, Matt. 10:
22; 18: 6, 9; for then, Joshua 1: 8—
hokmakot — hokmano, hokmano; keyu hok
mano, Matt. 10: 13; yohmihokmano, so
if then; then, Matt. 12: 28; 18: 16—
hokmat, if, Luke 4: 3; John 4: 10; chia-
hokmqt, if thou art; Matt. 4: 3; shall,
Matt. 5: 19; when, Matt. 6: 3; banna-
hokmqt, if he will, Matt. 16: 24; shall,
Matt. 18: 5; ishpikochaivelihokmqt, if
thou cast us out, Matt. 8: 31 — hokmato.

hokofa, v. a. i. sing., to end; to close; to
come up, as in tow; to rest; to stanch;
to fail, Josh. 3: 16; itahokofa, to come
apart, Josh. 3: 13; ont ahokofa, v. a. i.,
to terminate.

hokofa, pp., ended, Josh. 4: 7; closed;
cutoff; shut; stanched; terminated, ita
hokofa, sundered; cut in two; unjointed.

hokofa, n., the end; the close.

hokoffi, v. t., to cut off, Matt. 18: 8; to
end; to rebuke, as a fever, in Luke 4:
39; to dock; to shut; to stanch; to ter
minate; itahokofi, to sunder; to cut in
two; tounjoint; imahokofi v. t., to si
lence; see ahokoffi.

hokoffi, n., one that cuts off, ends, etc.

hokola, adv., also; of the same sort or
species; just like the other; used in
speaking of two sons-in-law.

hokola, v. n., to be like the other.

hokoli, v. a. i. pi., to end; to come off;
to close.

hokoli, pp. pi., cut off; severed; ended;
cut in pieces; cut up; itahokoli, cut
apart.

hokolichi, v. t., to sever; to cut off, us
logs; to cut tip, as a tree; Hahokotirhi,
to sever them from each other; to
shorten, Mark 13: 20.

hokolichi, n. pi., those who cut off, or
sever.

hokulbi, a., moist; pliable; succulent;
wet, as land.

hokulbi, v. n., to be moist; to soften, as
a dry hide in water; imk Iink*liuj> at
hokulbi

hokulbichi, v. t., to moisten; to render
pliable.

holabi, v. a. i., to lie; to utter a falsehood;
to tell a lie; to belie; to fib; itlnholahi,
to lie to each other.

holabi, a., lying; false; counterfeit; sham;
untrue; itfoholabi, false to each other.

holabi, v. n., to be false, or counterfeit;
to fable; to falsify.

holabi, n., a lie; a falsehood; a fable; a
fabrication; a falsity; a lib; untruth; a
liar; a falsifier; a fibber; a recreant.

holabi, adv., untruly; falsely.

holabichi, v. t., to belie; to make a per
son lie; to procure a liar; to falsify; to
suborn.

holabichi, n., a suborner.

holabit anoli, v. t., to misrepresent.

holabit anumpa kallo ilonuchi, v. t.,
to perjure; n., a perjurer.

holakshi, v. t., to lick.

holakshi, n., a licker.

holashki, v. a. i., to be thickened like
soap, etc., when made; applied to
honey and horehound boiled together.

holba, a. , like; resembling; similar; alike;
itioba, a., similar; itiholba, like each
other; similar; ikitiholbo, differing from
each other; dissimilar; unlike; ikiti
holbo, v. a. i., to differ.

holba, v. n., to be like, or similar; to
appear, Matt. 6:8; 13: 24, 31; inholba,
to appear to them, Matt. 6: 18; itiholba,
to be like each other; v. a. i., to match;
ikitiholbo, to differ; itiholba, \. a. i., to
harmonize.

holba, v. a. i., to savor; to span.

holba, n., an appearance; a shape; a like
ness; resemblance; imitation; itioba,
n., a comparison; a figure; a form; an
image; a picture; seeming; semblance;
itiholba, n., harmony; similitude; iti
holba keijn, n., odds.

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[I? I'LL. 46

holba, pp., imitated; made to resemble;
likened; compared together; resembled;
itUioU>a or ittoba, a., made like each
other; kindred.

holba, adv., like.

holbachi, holbachi, v. t., to imitate; to
savor; see hobachi; itiholbacJii, to har
monize; to resemble.

holbat toba, v. a. i., to become alike.

holbat toba, pp., made alike.

holbi, pp., boiled in the pod, skin, etc.;
hohi, v. t.

holbi, n., that which is boiled.

holbichi, v. t., to cause to boil, or to be
boiled.

holhkunna, hulhkunna, n., a witch;
witchcraft.

holhpa, 11., a burn; a scald; small blis
ters.

liolhpa, pp., scalded; burnt; nettled;
see Juttak holhpa.

holhpalli, holhpali, v. t., to burn; to
nettle; see liatak holhpallL

holhpela, pp., distributed; divided; dis
pensed; hopela, v. t.

holhpela, n., a distribution; a division;
a portion, 1 Sam. 1: 5.

holhpena, holhpina, pp., counted; enu
merated; numbered; hopena, v. t.

holhpena, 11., enumeration; number;
count.

holhpokunna, holhpokna, yulhpoko-
na, v. a. i., to dream; to see visions;
Itolhpokuna, Matt. 1: 20.

holhpokunna, holhpokna, n., a dream.

holhpokunna, holhpokna,n.,adreamer.

holhpokunnachi, v. t., to cause to dream.

holhponayo,v. a. i., to see; to exercise the
power of seeing and not to look at sin
gle objects.

holhponayo, n., eyesight.

holhponayochi, holhponayuchi, v. t.,
to give eyesight; to cause to see, Luke
4: 18.

holhponi, pp., cooked.

holhponi, n., victuals; commonly a dish
of boiled corn and beans; samp.

holhpusi, pp., pounded; brayed in a
mortar.

holhpusi, n., that which is brayed.

holhta, pp., separated from; taken out;
robbed, as bees are robbed; foe at hollitn,
chukfi at holhta, etc.; hot a, v. t.

holhta, n., that which is thus taken.

holhtampi, n., a file or string; from
holhtapi.

holhtapi, pp., strung; filed; put on a line
or stick, as beads, birds, or fish, etc. ; ho-
tampi, v. t., shikala holhtapi; holhtampi,
nasal form, being strung; holhtampi,
n., see above.

holhtena (from luotina], pp., numbered,
Matt. 10: 30; enumerated; counted;
computed; estimated; liquidated; reck
oned; summed; valued; ikholhleno, pp.,
excluded; exempted; a., uncounted;
unnumbered.

holhtina, n., the number; the enumer
ation; the census; the tale; the number
reckoned; figures; 2 Sam. 24: 2; Josh.
4:8; holhtina to^ksali, to work figures, to
cipher; an estimation; a computation.

holhtina, v. a. i., to become; to be reck
oned as one of a multitude.

holhtina atapa, a., unnumbered.

holhtina hinla, a. , numerable.

holhtinahe keyu, a., incalculable; in
estimable; innumerable.

holihtaorhollihta, pp., fenced; inclosed
by a fence; inclosed; ikaholihto, a., un-
fenced.

holihta, n., a fence; a yard; a barricade;
a lot; a court; a pen; -ivak ivholihta, a
cow yard or lot; an inclosure.

holihta abeii, v. t. pi., to put into a lot,
yard, etc.

holihta apotaka, n., fence side; the side
of a fence.

holihta atiwa, n., an opening in a fence;
a gap in a fence.

holihta albiha, pp., pent; put up in a
yard.

holihta alhpoa albiha, n., a pasture.

holihta fohka, pp., penned; put in a
pen; holihta fonhka, nasal form.

holihta fohki, v. t., to pen; to shut in a
pen; to confine in a small inclosure.

holihta halupa, pp., paled.

holihta halupa, n., a paling or picket
fence; a picket; a pallisade.

holihta halupa ikbi, v. t., to pale; to
picket; to make a pale or picket; to
pallisade.

holihta iksho, a., fenceless.

holihta isht alhkama, n., u gate; a
gate belonging to a fence.

holihta itafena, pp., staked, as a fence*

holihta itafena, n., a staked fence.

BTIXGTOX] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

161

holihta itafenali, v. t., to stake a fence.

holihta itintakla, n., a lane between
fences.

holihta kallo, n., a fort; a pallisade; a
palisado; a bulwark; a fortification; a
fortress; a rampart; a fastness; a garri
son; a parapet; a stockade; a ward; a
stronghold, 2 Sam. 24: 7.

holihta kallo ikbi, v. t., to fortify; to
make a fort.

holihta kallo isht okpani, n., a batter
ing ram.

holihta okhisa, n., a gate; the opening
through a fence for passing in and out,
Josh. 2: 7.

holihta okhisa achushkachi, n., the
bars of a gate, or such as are used in
stead of a gate.

holihta okhisa aiachushkachi, n., bar
holes in a post.

holihta okhowataka, holihta okfoa-
taka, n., the side of a fence, lot, yard,
etc.

holihta okpani, v. t., to unfence; to de
stroy a fence.

holihta pala, n., rails; fencing stuff.

holihta yinyiki, n., a worm fence; a Vir
ginia fence; a crooked fence.

holihtachi, v. t., to fence; to make a
fence; to put up a fence; to empale; to
immure; to inclose; to rail, Mark 12: 1.

holihtachi, n., one that makes a fence.

holihtalhto, pp., folded; penned.

holihtani, v. t., to fold; to pen.

holihtani, n., a folder; one that folds.

holihtushi, n., a small pen; a small lot.

holilabi, a., rabid; mad.

holilabi, v. n., to be rabid, etc.

holilabi, n., hydrophobia; frenzy.

holillabi, a., gluttonous; greedy.

holissa hinla, a. , expressible.

holissichi, see holissochi.

holissikbi, see holisso ikbi.

holisso, pp., written; recorded; entered
in a book; composed; expressed; in
dited; lettered; marked; minuted; nar
rated; noted; penned; printed; holi-
hinso, freq. ; aholihinso, Josh. 1: 8,
written therein; onholisso, engraved;
inscribed; written on; ikholisso, a., un
written.

holisso, n., a book; a writing; a letter; a
paper; a volume; a brief; the Bible;
Scripture, Luke 4: 21; a character; a

letter or figure used to form words; a
composition; an essay; a dissertation;
a gazette; handwriting; an instrument;
a ledger; a manuscript; a mark to
shoot at made of paper; a note; o«//o-
lixso, an inscription; a minute; a maga
zine; a pamphlet; a pass; a passport;
a permit; a piece; a print; a receipt;
a record; a remark; a roll; a safe con
duct; a schedule; Scripture; a suffrage;
a table; a title; a tome; a transcript; a
treatise; a volume; a vote; a warrant;
a work; isht holisso, of whom it i.s writ
ten, Matt. 11: 10.

holisso ahikia, n., a book shelf.

hoiisso aiasha, n., a library; book
shelves; a place for books.

holisso aialbiha shukcha, n., a pocket-
book

holisso aialhto, n., a bookcase; a book
basket, box, etc.; a mail; a letter bag;
a satchel.

holisso aiikbi, 11., a printing office; a
paper mill.

holisso aiitatoba, n., a book store.

holisso aiithana, n., a place of learn
ing; a seat of learning, or knowledge.

holisso aiithana, n., a school; a place
in which persons are instructed in
learning; an institution; a lyceum.

holisso aiithana chito, n., a college;
an academy.

holisso aiithana (or aiikhana) chuka,
n., a schoolhouse; an academy.

holisso aiithananchi, n., a place of in
struction in books.

holisso aiitimanumpuli, v. t. , to read a
book; to talk with a book; Matt. 12: 4, 5.

holisso akaha, 11., a book shelf.

holisso alapalachi, v. t., to paper, as a
room.

holisso alapali, pp., papered.

holisso anumpa atakali, n., a register.

holisso apisa, n., a study; a school; a
lyceum; aschoolroom; a schoolhouse.

holisso apisa akucha, n., vacation.

holisso apisa chito, n., a large school;
a college.

holisso apisa chuka, n., a schoolhouse;
an academy.

holisso asilhha, n., a written request; a
petition.

holisso atakali, n., a record.

holisso atakalichi, v. t., to schedule.

84339° — Bull. 40 — 15-

1 !

162

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

holisso atalaia, n., a book shelf.

holisso ataloa,n.,ahymnbook; a psalm
book.

holisso ataloha, n., book shelves.

holisso atoba, n., a paper mill; a type.

holisso alhtoba, n., postage; price of a
letter, book, etc.

holisso alhtoba iksho, n., a frank.

holisso bahta chito fohki, v. t, to mail
a letter.

holisso hakshup iksho, n., a pam
phlet.

holisso hochifot itimanumpuli, v. t.,
to spell.

holisso holitopa, n., a sacred book or
writing; the Bible; often applied also
to treaties and communications from
the government; Scripture; the Testa
ment.

holisso holitopa holissochi, n. , an evan
gelist; a sacred writer; a sacred pen
man.

holisso holitopa takali, a., scriptural.

holisso ibapisa, n., a book mate; a class
mate; a fellow student; a schoolmate.

holisso ikaholisso, n., a blank; avoid
space on paper.

holisso ikbi, v. t., to print; to make a
book; to write; to publish.

holisso ikbi, holissikbi, n., book mak
ing; the author of a book; one who
makes a book, a printer; an editor; a
paper maker; a bookman.

holisso ikhana, holisso ithana, n., a
scholar; scholarship.

holisso ikhana, pp., educated.

holisso ikithano^ a., uneducated; un
read; unschooled.

holisso imanumpuli, v. t., to read; to
read aloud from a book, Luke 4: 16.

holisso imanumpuli, n. , a reader.

holisso imponna, n , a scholar; one
skilled in books.

holisso intannap achafa, n. , a page.

holisso iskitini, n., a small letter; a line;
a manual; a note.

holisso isht akamassa, n., a water; seal
ing wax.

holisso isht akallo, n., a wafer; sealing
wax.

holisso isht anumpuli, v. t., to talk
about a book, writing, a letter, etc.

holisso isht ashana, n., a wafer; sealing
wax.

holisso isht alhkama, n., a wafer.

holisso isht baska, n., a card used in
games.

holisso isht kashoffi, n., rubber; India
rubber.

holisso isht lanfa, n., a ruler; an instru
ment by which lines are drawn on
paper.

holisso inshukcha, n., a pocket book; a
letter bag.

holisso inshunshi, n., a book worm.

holisso ithana, holisso ikhana, v. t., to
understand a book.

holisso ithana, pp., taught; learned;
Jiolisso ikithano, pp., untaught; un
learned; a., illiterate.

holisso ithana, v. t., to learn; "to learn
the book."

holisso ithana, n., a learner; a student;
a scholar.

holisso ithananchi, v. t. , to teach a
knowledgeof books; to teach; to school.

holisso ithananchi, holisso ithanan
chi, n., a teacher; a school teacher; an
institutor; an instructor; a professor.

holisso ithananchi, n., schooling.

holisso itibapisa, v. t., to study together.

holisso itibapisa, n., a fellow-student;
a fellow-scholar.

holisso itimanumpuli, v. t., to read; to
read a book; to spell.

holisso itimanumpuli, n., a reader.

holisso kanchi, v. t., to sell a book or
books.

holisso kanchi, 11., a book seller; a sta
tioner.

holisso kallo, n., a writ.

holisso lapalichi, v. t., to enlist; to re
cord.

holisso lapushki, n., a bank bill; a bank
note; paper money.

holisso lapushki ikbi, n., a cashier.

holisso lapushki ikbi, v. t., to make
bank bills.

holisso lapushki okpulo, n., a counter
feit note.

holisso lapushki okpulo ikbi, v. t., to
counterfeit paper money.

holisso lilaia. n., a piece; of torn paper;
a slip of paper; a bit of paper; a ticket;
a butt, used as a mark; a certificate,
because written on a small piece of
paper.

BYINGTOX] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXGUAGE

163

holisso nan anoli, n., a story; a story
book.

holisso nowat anya, n., a newspaper.

holisso nowat anya alhtoba, n., post
age.

holisso nowat anya inchuka, n., a
post-office.

holisso nowat anya ishi, n., a post
master.

holisso okpulo, n., a bad book; waste
paper; a scrawl.

holisso onlipa, n., a book cover.

holisso onlipa ikbi, n., a bookbinder.

holisso pata, n., a spread paper; a paper
spread out.

holisso pata achafa, n., a page in a
book.

holisso pisa, v. t., to study a book; to
study; to attend school; to read.

holisso pisa, n., a scholar; a pupil; a
student; a book man.

holisso pisa alhtoba, n., schooling.

holisso pisa imponna, a., book learned.

holisso pisa shah, n., a book worm.

holisso pisa shali, a., bookish; given to
learning.

holisso pisachi, v. t., to teach; to keep
a school; to show the books.

holisso pisachi, n., a teacher; an in
structor; a schoolmaster; a pedant; an
usher.

holisso pula, n., a scroll; a sheet of
paper.

holisso pula pokoli tuklo akucha
ushta, n. , a ream of paper.

holisso shali, n., a postman.

holisso shali fohki, v. t., to mail.

holisso shah f oka, pp., mailed.

holisso shali inchuka, n., a post-office.

holisso takali, pp., recorded; entered in
a book; booked; slated.

holisso takalichi, v. t., to slate; to re
cord; to enter in a book; to book; to
register; n., a recorder.

holisso talakchi achafa, n., a ream of

paper.
holisso tohbi, n., white paper; writing

paper.

holisso umpatha, n., a book cover.
holissochi, holissichi, v. t., to write; to
compose; to draft; to draw; to express;
to indite; to letter; to limn; to mark;
to narrate; to note; to pen; to pencil;
to print; to scrawl; to scribble; to sign;

to table; to take; to value; to venerate;
hollisonchi, nas. form, holissohonchi,
freq., Matt. 2: 5; John 1: 45; it^hoUa-
soclti, to correspond; onl toll twin, \. t.,
to inscribe.

holissochi, n., an amanuensis; a writer;
a scribe; a clerk; a scrivener; a diirog-
rapher; a composer; a copier; a pen
man; handwriting, as ./>. holissochloka
B's handwriting; a marker; a primer;
a printer; a recorder; a secretary; na
holixsochi, a scribe, Matt. 7: 29.

holissochi ikhananchi, n., a writing
master.

holisscchit anoli, v. t., to certify; to
communicate by letter.

holishki, v. a. L, to be thick, glutinous,
like dried oil, or like paste or mush.

holitobli, v. t., v. a. i., to love; to rever
ence; to respect; to bless; to worship,
John 4: 21; to honor, Matt. 15: 4, 5; to
keep holy; to magnify; to observe; to
regard; to revere; to serve, Matt. 6: 24;
to keep, Josh. 5: 10, 11; to keep a birth
day, Matt. 14: 6; to fear, Josh. 4: 14, 24;
Jiolittobli, intensive form; ileholitobli, to
respect one's self; itinholitobli, to love
each other; inholitobli, to make sacred
before him, so that he may not profane
it, like the tree of life in Eden.

holitobli, n., a lover; a worshiper; love;
an honorer; a magnifier; ileholitobli,
self-respect; self-esteem.

holitobli keyu, a , unvalued.

holitoblichi, v. t. caus., to set apart as
sacred; to celebrate; to consecrate; to
dedicate; to dignify; to ennoble; to en
rich ; to esteem ; to exalt; to glorify; to
grace; to hallow; to illustrate; to pre
fer; to sanctify; to solemnize; to sub
lime; to magnify, Josh. 3: 7; 4: 14; to
give glory to, Josh. 7: 19.

holitoblichi, n. , a sanctifier.

holitoblichit isht anumpuli, v. t., to
eulogize; to extol.

holitoblit aianlichi, v. t., to serve, Luke
4:8.

holitoblit aiokpachi, v. t., to worship,
Luke 4:7; to glorify, Luke. 5:25; to
homage.

holitoblit hofantichi, v. t., to cherish,
holitoblit isht anumpa, n., an eulogy;
a panegyric.

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holitoblit isht anumpuli, v. t., to cele
brate; to panegyrize; to praise.

holitoblit isht anumpuli, n., a celebra
tion.

holitompa, n., eminence; a high rank;
a prince; a noble; okla han inJiolitompa,
Josh. 9: 15.

holitompa, a., reputable; holy, nana Teat
holt torn] MI kano, that which is holy, Matt.
7:6; rut holitompa ixht ansha, a priest,
Matt. 8: 4.

holitopa, pp., a., dear; valuable; estima
ble; excellent; glorious; holy; honora
ble; illustrious; magnificent; near; pre
cious; reverend; royal; sacred; solemn;
splendid; sublime; sumptuous; venera
ble; worthy; Matt. 10: 31 ; Matt. 12:
12; sacred; beloved, Matt. 17: 5; holy,
Josh. 5: 15; rich; august; hallowed;
Matt. 6: 9; good, Matt. 6: 26; choice;
honored; blessed; consecrated; darling;
ennobled; enriched; esteemed; ex
alted; graced; glorified; illustrated;
respected; revered; sainted; sanctified;
valued; venerated; ikholitopo, honor-
less; unhallowed; unholy; unhonored;
unwealthy; isJit aholitopa, nan isht ima-
holitopa, glory of them, Matt. 4: 8; na
holitopa, n., a pearl, Matt. 7: 6; holittopa,
intensive form; iti^holitopa, dear to each
other or to love each other; ivholitopa,
n., his saints, 1 Sam. 2: 9; inholitopa,
dear to him, or to love him; to rever
ence; inholitopa, n., his dear friend;
holitompa, nas. form; holitohompa, freq.
form; holitoyupa, pro. form.

holitopa, 11., riches; glory; that which is
sacred; credit; honor; clearness; dig
nity; exaltation; grandeur; highness;
holiness; love; magnitude; majesty;
merit; reputation; repute; sanctity;
splendor; sublimity; value; worship;
worth; worthiness.

holitopa atapa, a., inestimable; invalu
able; unvalued.

holitopa banna, n., cupidity.

holitopachi, v. t. caus., to glorify, John
12: 28; ilaholitopachi, to glorify himself,
John 12: 28.

holitopat, adv., sacredly; solemnly;
worthily.

holitopat annoa, n., glory.

holitopat hofanti, pp., cherished.

holitopat isht anumpa, pp., celebrated;

eulogized,
holiya, see holuya.
hollihta, see holihta.
hollo, pp., drawn on; put on, as shoes,

boots, stockings; holo, v. t. (q. v.).
hollo, n., a pair, or that which is drawn

on, as stockings upon the feet; shulush

hollo achafa.
hollo, hullo, v. n., to have the monthly

flow or discharge, as a female.
hollo, n., menses; the monthly flow of

females.

hollohpi, pp., entombed, hollopili, I en
tomb; ahollohpi, n., a grave,
hollokmi, holukmi, pp., burnt; fired;

scalded; luak isht hollokmi, burned in

the fire, Matt. 13: 40; ikholokrno, a.,

unburnt.
hollopi, holohpi, pp., buried; interred;

entombed; ikhollopo, a., unburied; not

interred,
holmo, pp., covered; roofed; housed;

shingled.

hoimo, n., a roof; a covering.
holo, v. t., to draw on; to put on (one
self), as shoes, boots, moccasins, stock
ings, pantaloons; hoyolo, Josh. 9: 5.
holochi, v. t., to put shoes, etc., upon

another. See Luke 15: 22.
holohpi, see hollopi.
holokchi, pp., planted; sown; nana im-

aliolokchilukash, Matt. 13: 19; na holok-

chi, n., a plant.

holopi, pp., stocked; hafted; helved,
holoti, holotti, pp., wound, as feathers

on the small end of an arrow; holoti, n.
holufka, pp., sunned; dried; aired; ik-

holvfko; a., unsunned.
holufka, n., that which is sunned,
holukmi, n., a burn; a conflagration; see

hoUokmi.
holunsi, holussi, a., brown, dark brown;

turning black ; isi at holunsi.
holunsi, v. n., to be brown; aholunsi, v. t.,

to blacken; to color black,
holussi, halussi, pp., pounded; brayed;

beaten.

holussi, 11., that which is beaten,
holushmi, pp., burnt; fired.
holushmi, n., that which is burnt; a

burning; a conflagration.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

165

holuya, holiya, v. a. i., to drip; to leak;
to filtrate; to run through; to distill; to
drain; to dribble; to filter; to percolate.

holuya, n., a dripping.

holuya, pp., distilled; filtrated; strained;
filtered; percolated; ikholuyo, a., un
strained.

holuyachi, v. t., to drain; to leach; to
filtrate; to percolate; to strain.

holi, n., a wedge or bar (of metal); see
Josh. 7: 21, 24.

homaiyi, n., carnation; red; purple.

homaiyi, hummaiyi, a., reddish; red;
fallow, as a deer; purple.

homaiyi, v. n. , to be reddish or red.

homaiyichi, v. t., to make reddish; to
color red; to purple; to empurple.

homakbi, n. pi., a purple.

homakbi, a. pi., reddish; purple; brown.

homakbichi, v. t., to make purple; to
color purple.

homechi, v. t., to season, Mark 9: 50; to
embitter; to make bitter or strong, as a
liquid, etc. ; to turn sour, etc. ; to sour;
to make sour, acrid, bitter, etc. ; ho-
minichi, nasal form; ikhomecho, neg.
form; to dilute; to weaken; to reduce.

homechi, a., sour; somewhat sour or
bitter; sourish; frowy; harsh.

homi, pp., soused; made bitter; embit
tered; turned; ikhomo, pp., reduced;
diluted, as spirits; a., weak; ikhomoki-
taha, a., vapid.

homi, a., bitter; sour; acrid; strong; smart;
acetous; ardent; fiery; astringent; brack
ish; hard; poignant; pungent; racy;
sharp; tart.

homi, v. a. i., to prick; to become acid;
to sour.

homi, v. n., to be bitter, etc.

homi, n., bitterness; pungency; sharp
ness; tartness.

homi chohmi, a., some what bitter; sour
ish.

homi chohmi, v. n., to be somewhat bit
ter, etc.

homi f ehna, a., virulent.

homilhha, a., sourish, like a bad taste in
in the mouth from indigestion.

homma, see Jiumma.

homo, v. t., to cover; to shingle; to roof;
to house.

homo, n., one who roofs, shingles, etc.

honala, pp. pi., nailed; strung; pierced;

anala, sing.
honayo, honnayoh, a., wild; untamed;

shy; ikhonayo, tame; not wild.
honayo, v. n., to be wild, etc. ; ikhoncu/o,

neg. form.
honayo, n., shyness, wildness; iklonayo,

gentleness; tamene.ss; mansnetude.
honali, v. t. pi., to pierce; to sting; nali,

sing.
honalichi, v. t., to nail; analichi, sing.;

itahonalichi, to tack together.
honammona, v. t, to parboil.
honi, honni, v. t. to cook; to seethe; to

prepare food for the table; to boil;

to prepare for use; to brew; to decoct;

to distill; to extract; to stew.
honi, n., a cook; a boiler; a person who

boils.

honichi, v. t., caus., to make her cook.
honnayoh, see honaijo.
honni, pp., cooked; boiled; seethed;

brewed; distilled; extracted; stewed;

sodden; 1 Sam. 2: 15; ikhonno, a., un
boiled,
honni, n., food; victuals; that which has

been cooked, boiled, etc.; a stew.
honola, v. t., to twist.
honola, n., a twister.
hononammona, pp., parboiled.
honula, pp., twisted.
honula, v. a. i., to twist (it twists).
honula, honnula, n., a twist; pala inhon-

nnla hi a, the wick of a candle, Matt.

12:20; "smoking flax."
hopahki, subpositive form : farish ; some
what far.
hopaii, 11., a prophet; a priest; a military

leader or captain; a captain-general ; a

general; a war chief; a war prophet; a

major-general; a seer; an augur; Matt.

1: 22; 10: 41; 11: 9; 12: 17-18; 14: 5.
hopaii puta, n., the prophets, Matt. 7: 12.
hopakachi, see Itopakichi.
hopaki, n., a distance; a length of time; a

remove; a while, Matt. 13: 21; ikho-

pako, n., a spell; a short time,
hopaki, a., distant as to time or place;

remote; faraway; far off; far; Josh. 8:4;

a long way; a longtime; old, Matt. 13:

52; removed,
hopaki, v. n., to be distant; inJwpaki, to

be far from it; Jiopakishke, Matt. 15: 8.

166

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[BULL,. 46

hopaki, adv., for a long time; for a long
way; far; late; long; remotely; wide;
widely; hopaki tahachin, it will last a
long time.

hopaki achafa, n., a minute; one minute.

hopaki f ehna, adv. , farthest.

hopaki inshali, a., farther; longer as to
time; farthest.

hopaki kash, adv., long ago, Matt. 11: 21.

hopakichechi, v. t., to cause to go far
off, or to delay a long time.

hopakichi, hopakachi, v. a. i., to make
off to a distance, said of horses that
stray — said of water, Josh. 3: 16; v. t.,
to make it a long time; to delay; himak
foka hopakichit tali; hopakinchi, v. t.;
hopakint, Gen. 37: 18.

hopakichit, adv., widely.

hopakichit habli, v. a. i., to stride.

hopakikma, v. n., in the sub. mood, but
rendered adverbially by and by, after
a while, in a short time.

hopakikmako, v. n., sub. mood, when
it shall be a time; adv., in a short
time; after a while; by and by.

hopansa, hoansa, huansa, howansa,

hauansa, v. t., to chew; to champ; to
chaw; to grind; to masticate; v. a.i., to
ruminate; isht hopansa, v. t., to rumi
nate.

hopansa, n., a cud; a chaw.

hopatuloa, n., a war whoop.

hopalhka, a. pi., wide.

hopatka, a. pi., patha, sing., wide;
broad.

hopatka, v. n. pi., to be wide; to be
broad.

hopatka, n., breadth; width.

hopatkalli, v. t., to make broad, Matt.
23: 5.

hopela, v. t., to distribute; to divide;
to deal; to lot; to give alms, Acts 10:
4, 31; -itinhopelu, v. t., to divide among
them; to dispense; lioyupela, pro. form;
itinJioyupeln.

hopela, n., a distributer; a divider.

hopena, v. t., to count; to number; to
enumerate; to appoint the time for a
meeting by counting the previous days;
to numerate.

hopena, n., a counter; an appointer; a
numerator.

hopena, n., numeration.

hopi, hohpi, ohpi, v. t., to stock; to haft;
to helve, etc. ; to put a handle upon any
edge tool; to put woodwork to iron or
steel tools or instruments; ulhpi, olhpi,
pp.

hopi, hohpi (q. v. ), v. t., to bury, etc. ; to
sepulcher.

hopoa, hopoba, a., hungry.

hopoa, v. ii., to be hungry; v. a. i., to
hunger; to starve.

hopoa, hopoba, n., famine; hunger; star
vation; impotency.

hopochi, v. t., to hoe corn for the last
time; to hill corn; "to lay it by;"
hopochichi; yakni an isht hopochicJri, to
hoe up small hills; see apolichi.

hopochi, v. a. i., to arrive at a middle
state, as corn; to grow to the size when
corn is ' ' laid by " by farmers.

hopochi, n., corn at that age; the state
of corn at that time.

hopohka, v. t., to graze; to pick food
with the mouth, as horses and cattle
or fowls; or as a man picks meat from
a bone with his mouth.

hopohka, n., a picker; one that picks
or grazes.

hopohkachi, v. t., to graze; to feed on
grass; to cause another to pick.

hopoiksa, see hopoksia.

hoponkoyo, v. a. i., to see; to behold;
to look; to view; to watch, as a wild
beast, Matt. 11: 5; 2 Sam. 24: 20; Josh.
5: 13. The difference bet ween hoponkoyo
and pisa may be this: Jioponkoyo is to
look, in general, or to see, but pisa is a
more definite use of the eye, as can
you see (generally)? and can you see it
(particularly)?

hoponkoyo, n., sight; eyesight; a look
out.

hoponkoyo ikimachukmo, a., dim; not
having good eyesight.

hoponkoyo shah, a., watchful.

hopoksa, a., wise.

hopoksa, v. n., to be wise.

hopoksa, n., wisdom; discretion; moral
ity; rectitude; sapience.

hopoksia, hopoiksa, hopoyuksa, a.,
wise; prudent; good; well-disposed;
chaste; civil; coy; considerate; conti
nent; discreet; judicious; humble;
moral; righteous; sage; witty, oJioyo

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

167

hopoyuksa, a chaste woman; ikhopoyu-
kso, a., ill-bred; impolite; impolitic;
imprudent; indiscreet; injudicious; un
civilized.

hopoksia,hopoiksa, hopoyuksa, v. a. i.,
to behave well; ikhopoyukso, v. a. i., to
misbehave; v. n., to be wise or prudent;
ikhopoyukso, to be ill-bred; hopoktdali;
hopoyuksali in ilehopoyuksali, 1 Sam. 18:
14, 30.

hoponksia, hopoinksa, hopoyunksa,
nasal form; the righteous; those who
are righteous.

hopoksiachi, v. t. caus., to make wise;
to civilize; to make good; to cause him
to conduct well; to moralize.

hopoksiachi, n., a reformer.

hopola, a., quiet;' peaceable; good na-
tured; tranquil; peaceful; ikhopolo, a.,
unconsoled; unreconciled.

hopola, v. n., to be quiet, peaceful, or
tranquil.

hopola, v. a. i., to become tranquil; to
become quiet or good-natured; to sub
side.

hopola, pass , to be quieted, allayed,
soothed, assuaged, comforted, com
posed, conciliated, healed, solaced,
Matt. 2: 17, 18; 5: 4.

hopola, n., a comfort; a solace.

hopolahe keyu, a., irreconcilable.

hopolachi, v. t., to comfort; to quiet;
to pacify; to tranquilize; to allay; to
appease; to soothe; to assuage; to com
pose; to propitiate.

hopolachi, n., a comforter, etc.; a pro
pitiator.

hopolalli, v. t., to tranquilize; to com
fort, etc.; to quiet; to conciliate; to
console; to heal; to nourish; to pacify;
to propitiate; to silence; to solace.

hopolalli, n., a comforter.

hoponi, v. t,, to cook.

hoponi, n., a cook.

hoponti, v. a. i., to blow smoke through
the nose.

hopoyuksa, pp., reclaimed; ikhopoyukso,
a., unreformed; untamed; unwise; wild;
see hopoksia.

hopoyuksa, adv., wisely.

hopoyuksa, n., chastity ;o1ioyoliopoyuksa,
a woman of chastity; ikliopoyukso, n.,
ill -breeding; imprudence; wildness;

hopoyuksaka, in ftol'Jtnon intixlit ahopo-'
yiikMika, wisdom of Solomon, Matt.
12:42; the righteous, Matt 13: 43; the
just, Matt. 13: 49; wisdom, 1 Kings
10: 23, 24.

hopoyuksa keyu, a., uncivil; unman
nerly.

hopoyuksahe keyu, a., untamable.

hopoyuksalechi, v. t., to reclaim.

hopoyuksalli, v. t., to civilize; to con
vert.

hopoyuksalli, n., a civilizer.

hoppi, see JioJipi.

hopulbona, 11., a priest's sacred bag.

hopumpoyo, v. a. i. pi., to see; to look
about; to exercise the power of seeing,
Luke 18: 4l.

hopunayo, v. a. i. sing., to see; to look
about; to take one look; ikhoponayo,
blind, Matt. 15: 30.

hopunsi, v. t., to bray; to pound.

hopunsi, n., one that brays or pounds.

hosh, a particle used to connect words,
and having the meaning of the verb to
be in the 3d person (see osh in hoshkin)
ilap banna hoshkin.

hoshinko, see hoshunka.

hoshila, hoshela, n., a sty.

hoshilabi, v. i. , to have a sty; hoshilasabi,
I have a sty.

hoshinti, see hoshonti

hoshintika, see hoshontika.

hoshinshi, n., a quill; a feather.

hoshinshi patalhpo, n., a feather bed;
n feather pallet.

hoshinshi patalhpo topa, n., a feather
bed.

hoshinshi topa, n., a feather bed.

hoshontakapi, see hoshontikiyi.

hoshonti, v. a. i., to cloud.

hoshonti, pp., clouded.

hoshonti, hoshinti, n.; a cloud, Matt.
17: 5; a shade; a shadow of an inani
mate thing; futtak laua lioshonti chiyuli-
mi; aiilli aionhoshonti, shadow of death,
Lukel: 79

hoshonti, a., cloudy.

hoshonti pit tikeli, hoshonti pit bi-
keli, v. t., to reach the clouds.

hoshonti pit tikeli, a., cloud capped.

hoshonti toba, v. a. i., to cloud up; to
become cloudy.

hoshonti toba, pp., clouded.

168

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hoshonti yabata, n., flying clouds.
hoshontichi, v. t., to becloud; to cause
a shade or clouds to appear; to cloud;
to darken, Matt. 16: 3.
hoshontichi, v. n., it is cloudy,
hoshontika, hoshintika, n., the shade
of inanimate objects, Matt. 17: 5; a
cloud; a piazza; a canopy; an arbor; a
bower; a gallery; a hood; a porch; a
shade; a shed; a shadow, of a thing,
not an animal; umbrage,
hoshontika, a., shady; umbrageous,
hoshontika, pp. ; onhoshontika, shaded;

ikhoshontiko, a., uncloudy; unshaded,
hoshontika, v. a. L, to shade.
hoshontika ashachi, v. t., to embower,
hoshontika laua, a., shady; having

much shade.

hoshontikachi, v. t., to make a shade;
to shade; Hi on1ioshontikachi, to make a
shade over himself; isht hoshontikachi,
to screen with; onJioshontikachi, v. t., to
overshadow, Matt. 17: 5; to shade,
hoshontikilhkiki, n., broken, thin

cloud; "mackerel" clouds,
hoshontikiyi, hoshontakapi, n., a pi
azza post; a rafter,
hoshontoba, n., a scud.
hoshun aialhto, hochu» anlhto, n., the

bladder; see imokato.
hoshuika, hoshinko, n., the beard of
grain, or the matter on some weeds
which irritates the flesh if it lodges in
the shirt, etc.
hoshunluk, hishunluk, n., bran; na ///-

xhnn/iik, a mote, Matt. 7: 3, 4.
hoshu^wa, v. a. i., to state; to discharge
urine; to void water; to urinate; to
water; to "make water."
hoshunwa, n., urine; the liquor secreted

in the bladder; chamber lye.
hoshunwa aminti, n., the urethra.
hoshunwa shah, n., the diabetes,
hota, adv., probably; it may be; it seems

so; Ha/) aL'inli }«>{«?

hota, v. t., to separate; to take away, as
bran from the meal by the hand; to
take honey from the bees by the hand;
foe hota; chukfi lota.
hotachi; see ponolti aJiotachi.
hotampi (see holhtnf,i, pp.), v. t,, to
string; to file; to put on a string, as
beads, birds, fish, etc.

hotampi, n., a filing.

hotampi, n., one who files, strings, etc.

hotapi, v. t., to string beads or fish;

hotampi, nas. form; holhtapi pass.
hotepa, imp. pi., go ahead; start off ; go
first; go on; mia, imp. sing.; hotimpa,
nasal form,
hotilhko, v. n., to cough; to have a cough

or cold.

hotilhko, n., a cough; a cold.
hotilhko finka, n., the whooping cough,
hotilhko n^ka, v. n., to have the whoop
ing cough.

hotilhkot tofa, v. t., to expectorate,
hotina, hotehna (Rev. 7:9), hotihna,
hotinna, v. t., to count; to number;
to enumerate; to cast up; to reckon up;
to compute; to calculate; to take a cen
sus; to account; to cipher; to estimate;
to foot; to liquidate; to rate; to settle;
to tell; to value; to number, 2 Sam.
24: 2; Josh. 8:10; holhtina, pp. ; ikhoteno,
v. t., to exclude; to exempt; ibahotina;
itibahotina, v. a. i., to enlist; hotihinna,
freq. ; hotiena, pro. form.

hotina, n., a counter; a calculator; a
computer; a caster; a teller; an arith
metician; a numerator.

hotina, n., numeration; a reckoning.

hoton, adv., in nan tiht koa hoton?

hotofi, hotuffi, v. t. sing., to untie; to un
bind; to unwind; to loose, Matt. 16: 19;
Mark 11: 2, 4; holtitufa, pp.

hotofi, n., one that enters.

hotoka, see Jiitoka.

hotokbi, hotukbi, a., moist; damp; be
ing not quite dry; not so wet as hokolbi;
pp., damped.

hotokbi, v. n., to be moist, damp; nipi
at hotokbi, from a gentle perspiration.

hotokbichi, hotukbichi ( J. E. ), v. t., to
moisten; to dampen.

hotokohmi, see hotukohtni.

hotokok, see hotiikok.

hotoli, pp. pi., untied; unbound, etc.

hotolichi, v. t. pi., to untie; to unbind.

hotonti, n., a frost.

hotonti, a., frosty. '

hotonti, v. n., to be frosty; to have a
frost; there is a frost.

hotontichi, v. t,, to cause a frost.

hotonsi, hotonsichi, v. t.., to prepare a
bait for beaver.

hotonsichi, n., a baiter for beaver.

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A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

169

hotti, v. t., to wind or bind feathers on
the end of an arrow; holoti, pp. (q. v. ) .

hotuk; chithanalihotukokeh, I reckon I
should know you; mihahotuk, he says
what he should not say; mihahotuk for
mihahotukohmi.

hotuk, hotok, a Chickasaw word.

hotukbi, see hotokbi.

hotukla, hitukla (q. v. ), a., second.

hotukohmi, hotokohmi, adv., proba
bly, John 20: 16; Luke 22: 41; Gen.
21: 16.

hotukok, hotokok, adv., probably.

hotuma, (compounded of the particle ho
or hoh and tuma], adv. of doubt, Luke
2: 49; ishpimabachi hotuma, John 10:
34; Matt. 17: 26; hotumashke, see tuma,
here it is a word of certainty; 1 Sam.
30: 24; Acts 11: 18; Deut. 4: 7,8; see
hatuma.

hotupa, hutupa, huttupa, v. n., v. a. i.,
to ache; to be in pain; to throe; to
travail; to twinge.

hotupa, n., a hurt; a pain; an offense; a
pang; persecution; smart; a sore; a
throe; torture; travail.

hotupa, pp., hurt; wounded; injured;
harmed; persecuted.

hotupa, a., sore; painful; ikhotupo,
unhurt.

hotupachi, v. t., to hurt; to wound; to
injure.

hotupali, v. t., to hurt; to wound; to
abuse; to give pain; to inflict an in
jury; to injure; to harm; to outrage; to
pain; to persecute; to torture; to twinge;
chukash hotupali, to wound the feeling*;
to affront; to insult.

hotupali, n., a hurter; a persecutor; a
wounder.

hotupali, n., persecution; a wounding.

howansa, see hopansa.

hoyapa, a., not strong; sleazy; not woven
strong, as shukbo at hoyapa.

hoyapa, v. n., to be sleazy.

hoyabli, v. n., to be weary; Matt. 9: 36;
ahoyabli, Matt 6: 28; to be faint; »aho-
yabli, I am weary.

hoyabli, a., weary.

hoyabli, pp., wearied.

hoyablichi, v. t., to tire; to weary; to
make weary.

hoyo, v. t., to look after; to hunt; to
search for; to seek; to inquire after; to

ask for; to expect; to await; to wait
for; to course; to demand; to invite;
to quest; to summon; imalioi/o, to take
or demand of, Matt. 17: 25; to seek,
Matt. 18: 12; 13: 45; to seek to call,
Matt. 2: 13; 6 : 32, 33; 7: 7; 15: 32;
Luke 2: 25; hot, cont., as hot ia, imp.,
go and look after it; go in quest of; hot
a/a, imp., go and bring it; come after
or for; ikhoyo, a., unsought.

hoyo, v. t,, to harvest; to gather fruits,
John 4: 35; to pry; to scan; to search;
to seek; to watch; to look for, ehoyokma,
or do we look for, Matt. 11:3.

hoyo, n., a search; a hunt; a quest.

hoyo, n., a seeker; a gatherer; an in
quirer; a demander; an expectant; an
expecter; a hunter; a searcher; na
hoyo, the harvest; alioyo, the place of
seeking; a harvest ground, etc.; see
Matt. 9: 38.

hoyo fehna, v. t., to re-search.

hoyochi, v. t. caus., to cause to look
after; to make search; hoyohonchi; chi-
hoyohonchislike.

hoyopa, a., brave; warlike.

Hoyopa humma, n., a man's name.

hoyopa taloa, n., a brave death song; a
few words of one of these run as fol
lows: we kanihe shap inicali well kanihe.

hoyot anta, v. a. i., to wait.

huansa, see hopansa.

hufka, ufka, v. t., to sun; to air; to dry;
holufka, pp.

huk, hauk, an int., Oh; 0 dear; alas; ah
me.

hukma hinla, a., scalding hot.

hukmi, v. t,, to set on fire; to fire; to
bum; to scald, Matt. 13: 30; Josh. 7:
25; 8: 19; same as hushmi.

hukmi, n., a firer; an incendiary; a con
sumer.

huksoh, v. a. i., to discharge wind; to
break wind.

hunkupa, v. t., to steal; to purloin; to
commit larceny; to depredate; to filch;
to peculate; to pilfer; to plunder; to
rob; to shark; to thieve; ahuflkopa,
Matt. 6: 19, 20.

hunkupa, v. a. i., to prey.

hunkupa, hunkopa, n., a thief, Matt. 6:
19,20; a felon; afilcher; a pad; a prig:
a purloiner; a rover; a stealer.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hunkupa, n., a theft; larceny; depreda
tion; stealth; hutkunpa, Matt. 15: 19.

hunkupa, pp. and a., stolen; felonious;
thievish.

hunkupa akka nowa, n., a footpad.

hunkupa shall, a., thievish.

hunkupat itanowa, v. a. i., to maraud.

hulbona, pp. pi., doubled; rolled up; see
bunni.

hulbona, n., bundles; rolls.

hulhkachi, see tilhkqchi.

hulhki, n., the calf of the leg.

hulhki foni, n., the leg bone.

hulhkupa, hulhkopa, pp., stolen.

hullo, see hollo.

hullochi, v. t., to sanctify; to set apart
to a sacred use; to fast, Matt. 6: 16;
holitoblit hu/lochi, Gen. 2: 3; hash ile-
hullochashke, Josh. 3: 5; 7: 13.

hullochi, v. a. i., to abstain from; to diet
one's self, as in taking medicine; to fast,
Matt. 9: 14; to sanctify (one's self
and others) for the Lord; llehullochi,
Josh. 7: 13. See v. t., above.

hulloka, n., a sacred thing.

humma, n., red; crimson; redness; rouge;
scarlet.

humma, homma, a., red; angry; in
flamed, as a sore; flagrant; florid; fresh;
roseate; ruby; ruddy; sanguinary; scar
let; tawny, Matt. 16: 2, 3.

humma, v. n., to be red; v. a. i., to
flush; to glow; to redden.

humma, pp., reddened; tanned red;
made red; ikhummo, pp., not tanned;
raw, as a hide.

humma, adv., redly.

humma, an addition to a man's name
which gives him some distinction, call
ing on him for courage and honor. The
llita humma" may not run or turn the
back on the field of battle.

humma talaia, n., a red spot.

humma taloha, n. pi., red spots.

humma tishepa, n., very red; a bright
bay; scarlet.

hummaiyi, homaiyi (<j. v.), a., reddish.

hummachi, v. t., to color red; to dye
red; to tan; to paint red; to make red;
to redden; siaihummachi, to redden for
me and mine, — applied to the red poles
of graves.

hummachi, v. a. i., to blush; to become
red; to redden, as the countenance.

hummachi, pp., reddened,
hummalhha, v. a. i., to be reddish,
humpah, v. a. i., to say "humph", the

report of a gun; to whoop, as a drink
ing man.

hunssa, v. t., to shoot; to fire; to dis
charge a gun; to shoot an arrow; uski

naki an isht hunssa.
hunssa, n., a shoot.
hunssa, n., a shooter.
hunssa, n., a shooting.
hunssa, pp., shot; discharged.
hunssa imponna, n:, a marksman; a

sharpshooter.

hussi, v. t., to beat; to pound; to bray,
hush, exclamation, oh; alas,
hush abi, v. t., to fowl; to kill birds.
hush abi, n., a fowler.
hush apa, iti ani, n., the black gum.

So named, I think, because birds eat

the berries. — C. B.
hushi, n., a bird; a fowl; a screamer,

Matt. 6: 26; hushi puta kqt, the fowls,

Matt. 13: 4; aba hushiputa kqt, the fowls

of the air.

hushi aialhpita, n., a bird cage,
hushi balbaha, hush balbaha, n., a

mocking bird,
hushi chipunta, n., sparrows, Matt. 10:

29, 31.

hushi hishi, n., bird feathers; a feather,
hushi humma, n., a red bird,
hushi imalhpichik, n., a bird's nest,
hushi inchuka, n., a bird cage; a house

for birds,
hushi inchuka fohka, pp., caged, as a

bird.

hushi inchuka f ohki, v. t. , to cage.
hushi isht albi, n., a bird trap,
hushi isht hokli, n., a bird snare,
hushi iti chanli, n., a pecker; a wood
pecker,
hushi iyakchush, n., a pounce; a bird's

claw; a talon,
hushlokussa, n., a bird; the name of

some that flock or huddle together.

The English name is unknown to me.—

C. 15.
hushmi, v. t., to burn; to fire; to set on

fire; to ruin. Same as link ml; holusJimi,

pp., holahushmi, fiery, Kph. 6: 16.
hushmi, n., a burner.
hushmi, n., a conflagration; a burning.
hushpa, pp., burnt.
hushpali, v. t., to burn.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

171

hushshiho, n., the feeling of chaff in
the clothes; v. a. i., to prickle from
this cause.

hushushi, n., a young bird; a nestling.

huttupa, liutupa, see holupa.

hunwa, v. t., to scent; to smell; to snuff.

i has the sound of e in me or i in
pique and of short i in pin. The let
ter "iis used for y in words where y is
doubled in sound. The letter a often
precedes i, thus making a diphthong
Thus yukpa, yukpachi, aiyukpa, aiyuk-
pachi, and not ayyukpa, ayyukpachi.
The consonant is doubled to express
intensity.

i, prep., meaning at, in, place where, as
iiksho. iiksho belongs to the intensive
form, but i occurs before other words,
ichapaka, imoma, itikba.

i, adv., there, used as above. It rarely
occurs except before the word iksho
and has the same use as a and ai before
verbs. [Mr. Byington says, however,
in a note : ' ' This needs correction. ' ' ]

in, pre. poss. pro. in the nom. case, 3d per. ,
prefixed to nouns that do not begin with
a vowel or withp, ch, I, or t. The noun
is often in the poss. ca.se, as mikoinholisso,
the king's book. It may be in the nom.
or obj. case, but the pronoun in Choc-
taw should be parsed as an, chin, in, pin;
avliolisso, my book; inhaiaka, visible to
him; Matt. 1: 20. See im and in.

in, pre. per. pro. in the dative case before
verbs and usually translated with a
prep., s, of him, for him, etc.

in, his, their, 3d per. sing, and pi., re
moved from the noun in the nom. and
placed before the verb, as tali holisso
inhotina, he has counted his money, etc.,
or he has counted the money for him.
See chin, hachin, hapin.

in, of it; from it, etc. There are a few in
stances in which in, in, etc., seem to have
the use of a prep, rather than a pro
noun. These have the neuter gender.
See Gen. 2: 17, ishpakmalinnitak mildnli
ho chillahioke; infalqnirni, to the north
of it, north of it; inhopaki, far from it;
inmisha, two days from it (every other
day, inmishakma).

in, contraction for inli, or in; makin, akin
(for akinli).

in, oblique case of lish, ialislt, ialin.

in, inh, adv., yes.

ia, v. a. i., to go; to move; to depart; to
stir; to pass; to proceed; to resort; to
sail; to start; to set; to get away, Matt.
4: 10; 13: 44 (hegoeth); hashiashlce, go,
Matt. 8: 32; to grow; to increase, as
kapassat ia, it grows cold; ilhkoU, pi.,
ikaiyu, ikaii/o, sing., not to go; ihain ont
iha, a little past; ihin>/a in out ihin>ja-
ma, LukelH: 36; ikla aftni, \. t., to let
go; to permit to go; to wish to go; 'mid
ia, v. a. i., to commence; to begin; to
found; to originate; -I mid ia, v. t., to
carry; to begin; to start with; to take;
to commence; to institute; to tote;
to transfer; to undertake; to transport,
John 2: 16; kapassat isht ia; ikaiyo^ot
to go, Luke 4: 42; Matt. 14: 16; ont ia,
v. a. i., to exceed; to go by; to found;
to outgo; to pass; to touch; to transcend;
isht ont ia, to carry by; imia, itimia,
itintimia, to run against each other in a
race; ia talali, \. t., to carry on the
head.

ia, n., a goer; one who goes.

ia, n., a going; a proceeding.

iabannali, iabanali, v. t., to lay on the
shoulders, Luke 15: 5. See ilabannali,
Matt. 11: 29, 30; Gen. 21: 14.

iabannalichi, v. t., to lay upon the shoul
ders of another.

iachi, v. t. cans., to send; to cause to go;
to impel; itiachi, dual, they go together,
Luke 2: 45.

iachi, n., a stirrer.

iachikchik, n., a grasshopper, i. e., one
species, as each species has a distinct
name.

iachuka, n., a turban; a cap; a head
dress; a handkerchief or shawl w^orn
on the head; a fillet; mi^ko imiachuka,
a crown; a coronet.

iachuka, pp., turbaned.

iachuka, v. t., to wear a turban.

iachukolechi, v. t., to put a turban,
handkerchief, or headdress on the head
of another person.

iachukol1'., iachokoli, v. t. , to put a turban,
handkerchief, or any headdress upon
one's own head.

iachuna, n., the nape; the back of the
neck; the withers of a horse; some say
yauaska and some inkoi.

iachunahika, n., the collar of a garment.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

iachushak, n., the back side of the head;
the upper part of the neck on the back
side; the nape.

iachushukli, v. a. i., to limp. See chu-
shukli.

iahinsht ia, to follow in haste; to chase
after or run after; from ishi, inshi,
ihinshi, iahisJit la, went to take him.

iakaiya, iakaya, iyakaya, v. t., v. a. i.,
to follow; to come after; to pursue,
Josh. 2: 5, 7; to dog; to second; to
trace; siakaiya, he follows me; issiakai-
yaslike, do you follow me, Matt. 8 : 22;
9: 9; 10: 38; 14: 13; 16: 24; chiakaiya-
lachin, I will follow thee; Jiachiakaiya,
Josh. 2: 16; hassiakaiyashke, Matt. 4:
19; iakaiyqt okla, dual number, Matt.
4: 20, 21; 8: 1; Josh. 6: 8; 8: 6; iakat,
cont., iakant, John 13: 37; iakat ia, go
and follow, Gen. 44: 4; itiakaiya, v. a. i.,
to go after each other in a single rank;
to defile; to pursue.

iakaiya, a., second; subsequent.

iakaiya, n., a follower; a disciple; a pur
suer; a succeeder; a successor.

iakaiya, n., a pursuit; a sequel; a train.

iakaiyachi, iakaiyachi, sing., to cause
to follow; to send after or behind,
Luke 19: 14.

iakaiyachit pisa, v. t., to follow; to en-
aeavor to obtain.

iakaiyoha, v. a. i. pi., to follow.

iakaiyoha, n. pi., followers.

iakaiyohachi, v. t. pi., to cause to follow;
to make them follo\v.

iakaya, see iakaiya.

iatipa, n., a cap; a turban; a bonnet; a
cover; a lid; a coif; a hood.

iattpa, pp., turbaned; dressed with a
cap, etc.; covered; hooded; wreathed.

iattpa, v. t., to wear a turban.

iafipa hashtap toba, n., a wreath; a gar
land.

ialipeli, v. t,, to put on a turban, cap,
bonnet; to put his turban on, i.e., on
his own head; to coif; to hood; to
wreathe.

ialipelichi, v. t., to put a turban or cap
uiioii the head of another; to put on a
lid or cover; to hood another.

iasinti, yasinte, hiasinti, n., an eel.

ialli, a., worth.

ialli, v. n., to be worth; it ialli , to be worth
against each other.

ialli, n., the worth; the value; the price;
aiqlli, aiqlbi, aiilli.

ialli chito, a., dear.

ialli chi, v. t. , to price; to set a value upon;
to rate; itiqllichi, v. t., to price against
each other.

iba, v. a. i., to be with, among, amidst,
Josh. 7: 11; itiba; itibai, Matt. 9: 11.

iba, ibai, prep., with; in company with;
along with; together with. It is com
pounded with many verbs and written
iba before a verb beginning with a con
sonant and ibai before a verb beginning
with a vowel. When a personal pro
noun is prefixed in the obj. case it is not
prefixed to the verb but to the prep-
position; as ibaianta, to stay with; sa-
baianta, to stay with me. itiba, double
reference, together, etc., together with,
John 4: 36; Luke 1: 58; ibachukowa,
ibaiimpa, Acts 11: 3. A number of
compounded verbs follow, to serve as
specimens as wrell as to define the verbs.

ibabinili, v. t., to sit with; to settle in
company with; ibabinoli, pi.

ibabinili, pp., seated with; settled in
company with; ibabinoli, pi.

ibabinili, n., a fellow; a seat mate; a fel
low7 settler; ibabinoli, pi.

ibabinilichi, v. t., to seat with; to cause
to settle with; ibabinolichi, pi.

ibabukbo, ibbabukbo (q. v.), n., a dou
ble handful; a handful.

ibachanfa, n., a companion: an equal.

ibachafa, ibachanfa (nasal form), v. a. i.,
to be one with; from iba and achqfa,
John 1: 1.

ibachukoa, ibachukowa, v. t., to in
vade; to enter into and be with; to
penetrate.

ibachukoa, v. a. i., to obtrude.

ibachukoa, pp., invaded.

ibachukoa, n., an invader.

ibachukoa, n., an invasion; an irruption.

ibafakchi, see hatapofokchi.

ibafohki, see Ibafoka.

ibafoka, v. a. i., to join, as to join the
church; to obtrude; to sort with; to
unite with, to follow, as sabafokaslike,
John 1: 43; Luke 5: 11; to be in, Matt.
IS: 1, 4; itilmfokn, to join together; to
put together; imannkfila H ibafoka, to
agree; to company; to consociate; to
associate. See foka.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

173

ibafoka, pp., united; joined with; com
bined; leagued; mixed; consociated;
ibafonka, nasal form, ibafoyuka, prop.,
ibafoyuka, with, 2 Sam. 24: 2. ; itibafoka,
pp., conjoined; joined; ikitibafoko, a.,
uncompounded.

ibafoka, n., a union; membership; com
bination; consociation; unity; a contri
bution; imbafoka, n., increase; income.

ibafoka, n., a member; a follower; a
communicant; a fellow; itibafoka, n., a
companion; a contribution; a partaker;
itibafoka, n., a joint.

ibafokat, adv., or v. a. i. with conj. t,
to be with, etc.

ibafokat anya, v. a. i., to go with, or in
company with; to follow.

ibafokat hochifot takalichi, v. t., to
enlist.

ibafoki, ibafohki, v. t., to join with; to
contribute; to enter in; to put in with;
to mix; to add to; to unite to; to com
bine; to insert; to involve; to obtrude,
2 Sam. 24: 3; to put among; Matt. 13:
33; Josh. 7: 11, itibafoki, to conjoin; to
consociate; to identify; to join; anba-
fohki, Gal. 2: 6. Seefohki.

ibafoki, n., a mixer; one who joins,
unites, or puts in; a contributor.

ibafokichi, v. t., to cause another to join,
or unite with; to combine.

ibai, see iba.

ibaianta, v. a. i., to stay writh; to co
habit; to dwell with.

ibaianta, n. sing., a companion; a mate;
a fellow.

ibaiansha, v. a. i. pi., to sit with; to
dwell with.

ibaiansha, n., companions.

ibaianya, v. a. i.,to go with; to journey
with.

ibaianya, n., a fellow traveler.

ibaiatta, a., twinborn.

ibaiatta, n., an inmate.

ibaiilaualli, v. t. , to play together.

ibaiilaualli, n., a playmate; a play-fel
low.

ibaiimpa, v. t., to eat with; to eat in
company with; itibaiimpa, to eat to
gether.

ibaiimpa, n., a messmate.

ibaiishko, v. t., to drink with.

ibaiishko, n., a companion in drink; a
little companion.

ibaiyi, n., a nephew; sabaiyi, my

nephew; my sister's sons and their

male cousins by their mother's side,

and not my brother's sons, which are

called sons.
ibakaha, v. a. i., to mix together; to flock.

ibakaha, pp., mixed; multiplied; itibd-

kaha, amalgamated; confounded; see

ibalhkaha; ikitibakaho, a., unmingled;

unmixed; ibakaJia, n., a mixture; ili-

bakaha, n., a contribution; a putting

together.

ibakahachi, v. t., to cause to be mixed.
ibakali, v. t. pi., to mix them; to add;

to put them together; to confound; to

confuse.

ibakali, n., a mixer,
ibakchifanli, see ibakchufanli.
ibakch.isb.inli, v. a. i. sing., to bend and

turn up the nose and lips, as a fox when

he smells. See ibakpishinli.
ibakchishinli, pp., bent and turned up.
ibakchishinlichi, v. t., to cause to turn

up, as the nose.
ibakchufanli, ibakchifanli, v. a. i., to

taper.
ibakchufanli, a., peaked; pointed;

slender pointed; tapering; tapered.
ibakchufanli, v. n., to be peaked,
ibakchufanlichi, ibakshakanli, v. t.,

to taper; to sharpen, as to a point; to

make sharp pointed like a wooden pin

or a spade.

ibakchufanshli, v. a. i. pi., to taper.
ibakchufanshli, a., taper; peaked;

pointed.
ibakchufanshli, v. n., to be peaked or

pointed.
ibakchufanshlichi, v. t., to taper; to

sharpen as to the point,
ibakchushli, pi., ibakchishinli, sing., v.

a. i., to bend and turn up, as a fox

turns up her nose, etc.
ibakchushli, pp., bent; turned up.
ibakchushlichi, v. t. pi., to bend them

up; to turn them up.
ibakhatanli, n., a bald face.
ibakhatanli, a., baldfaced; palefaced,

like a sickly man.

ibakhatanli, v. n., to be baldfaced.
ibakhatanshli, n. pi., baldfaces.
ibakhatanshli, a., bald faced.
ibakhatanshli, v. n., to be baldfaced.

174

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[BULL. 46

ibaklipinli, ibaktokonli, v. n., to be

short- or blunt-faced,
ibaklalanli, v. a. i., to be half laughing,
ibaklatinli, v. a. i., to run at the nose,
ibaklatinli, n., a running at the nose;

a dirty nose,
ibakiatinlichi, v. t., to cause the nose

to run.

ibaklololi, v. i., to run at the nose,
ibakoli, v. t., to search for in a hole,
ibakpishanli, a., round and pointed,
ibakpishanli, v. n., to be round and

pointed.
ibakpishanlichi, v. t., to make it round

and pointed.
ibakpishanshli, a. pi., round and

pointed.
ibakpishanshli, v. n., to be round and

pointed.
ibakpishanshlichi, v. t. pi., to make

them round and pointed,
ibakpishanli, v. a. i. , to turn noses and

lips; see ibakchishinli.
ibaksukunlichi, v. a. i., to pout, Ps. 22:

7.
ibakshakanli, a., straight and tapering,

like a spade, not hollowed or dishing;

see ibakchufanli.
ibakshulanli, a., having white face and

feet, as a horse; white-faced and -footed,
ibakshulanli, v. n., to have white face

and feet; or to spread the nose like a

horse out of breath.
ibakshulanshli, a. pi., having white faces

and feet; white-faced and -footed.
ibakshulanshli, v. n., to be white-faced

and -footed.

ibaktabanli, v. a. i., to be broad-nosed,
ibaktasanli, a., having a star in the

forehead,
ibaktasanli, ibaktasanli bolukta, n.,

a star in the forehead.
ibaktasanshli, n. pi., stars in the fore
head.
ibaktasanslili, a., having stars in the

forehead.
ibaktokonli, a., blunt, as an old ax;

short faced.

ibaktokonli, v. n., to be blunt.
ibaktokonli, pp., made blunt; blunted,
ibaktokonlichi, v. t., to blunt.
ibaktokoQshli, ibaktokashli, a. pi.,

blunt.
ibaktokonshli, v. n., to be blunt.

ibaktokoshlichi, ibaktokashlichi, v. t.,
to blunt; to make them blunt.

ibani, (from iba and ani), to pour in with;
to put in with; to add to; to mix; to
eke; itibani, to mix together, applied to
liquids; nana kiaitibanitokpani, to adul
terate by mixing.

ibani, n., a mixer.

ibanowa, v. a. i., to walk with; to travel
with.

ibanowa, n., a traveling companion.

ibanowachi, v. t., to cause to walk with.

ibanukhanklo, v. a. i., to condole; to
mourn with; to lament with; to sym
pathize with.

ibanukhanklo, n., a companion in sor
row ; a sympathizer.

ibanusi, v. n. or v. a. i., to sleep with.

ibanusi, n., a bedfellow.

ibatankla, v. a. i., to partake with, Matt.
23: 30; to be among, Josh. 3: 10.

ibatankla, n., a partaker; a spy. 2 Sam.
15: 10.

ibatankla ishi, v. t., to share with.

ibatankla ishi, n., a sharer.

ibatepa, v. a. i., to injure himself; im-
batepa, he is hurt; ibatepa, a second
hurt; ibatabli, v. t., two words, from
iba and tabli.

ibatoksalechi, v. t., to work him with.

ibatonksali, v. t., to work with; to labor
with.

ibatonksali,n., a fellow laborer; a work
fellow. '

ibawichi, v. t., to aspire to help; to try
to do; to attempt; na hollo imanumpa
finumpuli ibawichi] ibawinchi, nas. form.

ibawichi, n., a help. See ibalhkaha,
etc., for other verbs compounded with
iba.

ibachifa, v. t., to wash the hands, Matt.
27: 24. See ibbak ache/a.

ibalhkaha (hom iba said alJikaha), \. a. i.
pi., to mix together; to join. See kali

ibalhkaha, pp., mixed; added together;
itibalhkaha, mixed together.

ibalhkaha, n., an addition; addition; the
name of a rule in arithmetic; a union.

ibalhto, v. a. i., to mingle with; to get
among, as wak at ibalhto; from iba allito,
pp. of ani or ibani; itibalJito; itibalJttot
yaiialli, a., confluent.

ibalhto, pp., mixed; poured in.

ibalhto, n., a mixture,

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

175

ibbabukbo, ibbapukko, n., a double

handful,
ibbabukbo achafa, n., a single double

handful.
ibbak, ibbak, n., the hand; the arm as

far up as the elbow; the paw; sabbak,

my hand; chibbak, thy hand, Matt. 6:3;

12: 13; 18: 8; ibbak, his hand (Chinas at

ibbak a" pit well, Matt. 8: 3); Matt. 14:31;

ibbak, her hand, Matt. 8: 15.
ibbak abeha, n. pi., gloves; mittens.
ibbak achefa, v. t., to wash the hands;

ibachifd, contr., Matt. 27: 24.
ibbak alibishli, n., a muff.
ibbak alota, n., a handful.
ibbak alhfabek imma, adv., toward the

left hand ; at the left hand.
ibbak alhf abeka, n. , the left hand.
ibbak alhto, n., a handful.
ibbak aska, n., the wrist.
ibbak bonuht isht isso, v. t., to fist.
ibbak bonunta, n., the fist; the doubled

hand.
ibbak chush, ibbakchus, n., the finger

nail, or finger nails.
ibbak fahfulli, v. t., to gesticulate; to

wave the hand about.
ibbak fohka, pp., given; committed; put

into the hand; delivered; intrusted.
ibbak fohka, v. a. i., to come to hand.
ibbak fohki, v. t., to give; to commit;

to deliver; to put into the hand; to

consign; to grant; to intrust; to leave;

to resign.

ibbak fohki, n., a giving; a resignation.
ibbak f oka, n. sing., a glove; a mitten.
ibbak foka, pp., committed; received;

placed in the hand; delivered.
ibbak foni, n., the hand bone; the arm

bone.
ibbak inlumpat ikhi^sh foka, pp.,

inoculated.
ibbak inlumplit ikhinsh foki, v. t,, to

inoculate.

ibbak ishki, n., the thumb.
ibbak ishki patta achafa, n., an inch;

the breadth of the ball of the thumb.
ibbak isht impak imma, n., the right

hand.
ibbak isht impak imma, adv., to the

right hand.

ibbak isht impaka, n., the right hand.
ibbak isht itibbi, n., a pugilist.
ibbak isht kasholichi, n., a napkin.

ibbak isht talakchi, n., a handcuff; a
manacle.

ibbak isht tonksali, n., a manual.

ibbak inshunkani, shakba inshunkani,
n., the elbow; the point of the elbow
joint.

ibbak itachakalli, n., the wrist joint.

ibbak onuchi, n., imposition.

ibbak paknaka, n., the back of the
hand; lit., the top of the hand.

ibbak pata, n., the palm of the hand;
lit. , the spread hand ; ibbakpatha, palms
of her hands, 2 Kings 9: 35.

ibbak takchi, v. t., to manacle; to hind
the hands; to pinion.

ibbak talakchi, pp., manacled; hand
cuffed; pinioned.

ibbak tilokachi, n., the wrist joint; a
joint that bends any way.

ibbak tilokachi abiha, n. pi., wrist
bands, such as are used by the Choc-
taw. They are made of silver and worn
over the sleeves.

ibbak tilokachi afohoma, n., a wrist
band; a cuff.

ibbak tokonli, a., blunt; dull, as an ax.

ibbak umbitepa achafa, n., a span.

ibbak ush ali, n., the little finger.

ibbak ushi, n., a finger.

ibbak ushi abiha, n. pi., finger rings.

ibbak ushi foka, n., a finger ring; a cot;
a thimble.

ibbak ushi isht pasholi, v. t., to finger.

ibbak ushi itachakalli, n., a finger joint;
a knuckle.

ibbak ushi olachi, n., a fillip.

ibbak ushi tikba, n., the forefinger.

ibbak ushi wishakchi, n. , the finger end.

ibbak wattachi, v. t., to unclinch the
hand.

ibbapukko, n., a double handful.

ibbak, see ibbak.

ibetabli, v. a. i., to stumble; to dash the
foot against, Luke 4: 11; to stub; to
stump; to trip; to be offended; ibetablft
satula kamo, I stumbled and fell; iksi-
aiibetablokmqt, Matt. 11:6; isht aiibetqbli
tok, they were offended in him, Matt.
13: 21, 57.

ibetabli, n., a stumbler.

ibetabli, n., a stumble.

ibetablichi, v. t. cans., to make him stum
ble or stub, Matt, 5: 29; to offend, Matt.
18: 8, 9; kil ibitablecho, we not offend,
Matt, 17: 27.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ibetap, n., the fountain; the source; the
head, as of a water course; the part of
a water course between you and the
fountain, as sokbish is the other part;
the upstream part of a river, Josh. 3:
13, 16; 15: 19.

ibetap inbok, n., the head of the creek;
the name of a creek that runs into the
Yalobusha from the south.

ibetap pilla, adv., toward the head.

ibetap pilla, adv., at the head; from the
fountain.

ibiali, n., the end of anything, as a table,
plank, or rail.

ibichilu, n., the nose; the nostrils; the
neb.

ibichilu foka, n., a halter; what is put on
over the nose.

ibichilu foka foka, v. t., to halter; to
put on a halter.

ibichilu patassa, a., flat-nosed.

ibikoa, v. n., to bleed at the nose; sabi-
koa, I bleed at the nose.

ibikoa, n., the nose-bleed.

ibikoachi, v. t., to make the nose bleed.

ibilhkan, n., phlegm; rheum.

ibilhkan chito, a., phlegmatic; abound
ing in phlegm.

ibilhkan kucha, v. a. i., to snivel.

ibilatampa, n., the combs or crest of a
turkey.

ibish, n., a rise; a swell; a hill of earth
where corn, etc., is planted; the bow
and the stern of a boat; the round end;
the end, as of a cask; a pommel; a
prow; a saddlebow; the part of a junk
bottle next to the neck; the nipple;
the teat.

ibish ikbi, v. t., to hill; to make a hill
about corn, etc.

ibish ish.t alhkama, n., the head of a
cask.

ibishakni, n., the nose; the snout; the
bill; the beak of a bird; the trunk of
an elephant; the proboscis; the neb.

ibishakni chiluk, n., a nostril; the nos
trils.

ibishakni foka, n., a muzzle.

ibishakni patassa, a., Hat-nosed.

ibishachi, n., the foretop.

ibishano, v. n., to have a cold.

ibishano, n., a cold, i. e., the disease well
known to all.

ibitakla, n., the forehead, Rev. 7: 3.

ibitakla panshi, n., the foretop; the

front,
ibitek, n., a niece, his niece, her niece;

sisters' daughters, and their female

cousins; sabitek, iny niece,
ichabli, ichabli, v. t., to mate; to match;

to put together; to yoke together; iti-

chabli, to pair; ichapoli, pi.
ichabli, n., one who mates,
ichapa, v. t., to resist.
ichapa, v. a. i., to match; to mate with;

to go at the side of.
ichapa, pp., mated; matched; itichapa,

mated together; paired, as wak itichapa,

itichampa, both, 1 Sam. 3: 11; shulush

itichapa; itichapa, v. t., to fellow,
ichapa, n., a mate; a fellow; a yokefellow;

an adversary, 1 Sarn. 1:6; itichapa, n.,

an antagonist; a pair; a brace; a span;

a match,
ichapa, n., a reverse; a contrary; an

opposite,
ichapa, a., impudent; answering again;

opposite; repugnant.
ichapa, v. n., v. t., to be impudent; to

oppose; to contradict; allot foki an icha-

pat shall, the child is very disrespectful

to his father; aiitachapoa or aiitichapoa,

to strive together, Luke 22: 24.
ichapaka, a., opposite; standing over

against, Matt. 27:61; Mark 11: 2; 12:41;

right against, Josh. 3: 16; 5: 13; beside,

Josh. 7: 2; 8: 33; 12: 9.
ichapaka, v. n., to be opposite; to stand

over against.
ichapoa, v. a. i. pi., to mate with; to

go at the side of.
ichapoa, pp., mated; matched; mated

together; sing., itichampo.
ichapoa, n., mates; fellows; cf. wak

tonksali itichapoa talapi; itichapoa, n.,

a yoke; a pair; a span.
ichapoa, a. pi., impudent; answering

again.

ichapoa, v. n., to be impudent.
ichapoli, pi., ichabli, sing. v. t., to mate;

to match.

ichabli, see ichabli.
ieshi, v. t., from ishi (q. v.); to bring

forth; to bear, i. e., young.
inf alammichi, see falammichi.
iffuka, ikfuka, n., the abdomen; the

belly; the bowels; the core of a water
melon; the inwards; the waist.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONAEY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

177

iffuka apakfopa, n., a waist band.

iffuka hotupa, n., the colic.

iffuka kashofa, pp., evacuated.

iffuka kashoffi, v. t., to evacuate the
bowels.

iffuka kucha, pp., emboweled; eviscer
ated.

iffuka kuchi, v. t., to embowel; to evis
cerate.

iffuka sita, pp., surcingled.

infolota, infulota, n., from folota (q. v.) ;
lace or its edge.

infolota, pp., laced; bound on at the
edge.

iafolota ikbi, v. t., to lace.

inhaiya, ihaiya (J. E. ), n., his brother's
wife; his uncle's wife, etc. ; his sister-in-
law.

inhatak, n., her husband; her man; her
lord.

inhatak illi, n., a widow, Luke 2: 37.

inhin, an interjection in talking to gain
time, or to show that the speaker is at
a loss; used by some old women.

inhika, n., a pillar.

inhikia, n., a keeper; a possessor.

inhimmak, n., a junior; his junior.

inhimmak, a., after it, him, her, or
them; later; inhimmak on, a., latter.

inhimmak, v. n., to be after it, him, etc.

inhiya, pp., scolded.

inhiyachi, v. t., to scold.

inhiyach.i, n., a scold; ascolder.

inhoa, inhowa, v. t., to call him, her, it,
or them; to hail; to halloo; cichfohatak
out inhowal ala, John 4: 16; isht inhoa,
to call with; pit inhoa, to call for; to send
for, Matt. 4: 21. See 1 Sam. 3: 4, 5, 6;
ikinhoo, a., uncalled; faliowa, to call,
Matt. 18: 2; Josh. 4: 4.

inhoa, n., a caller.

inholitopa, n., a favorite; a fancy; his
fancy; his saint, 1 Sam. 2: 9.

inholitopa, a., dear to him; loved by
him; stingy.

inholitopa, v. n., to be dear to him;
sometimes inholitopa is rendered as a
transitive verb; as, he loves him, it, her,
or them; see John 3: 35.

inholitopaka, n., a friend; his friend;
one loved by him.

i^hollo, n., a favorite; one that is loved.

inhollo, n., tenderness; stinginess.

inhollo, v. t., to love him, her, or it; to
fancy; to spare; as, istdnJiollo, thoulov-
est him, Matt. 5: 43, 44; issanhollo, thou
lovest me; chiminholloli, I save it for
thee; Ivalueitforthee; inhohonlo,ir&{.;
infioyutto, pro.; itinJiollo, to love each
other.

inhollo, n., a lover; itinhollo, mutual
lovers.

inhollo, a., dear to him; loved by him;
stingy; close; tight; illiberal.

inhollo, v. n., to be dear to him, etc.

inhollohe keyu, a., unlovely.

inhollot issa, v. t., to cease to love; to
alienate the affections.

inhowa, see inhoa.

inhukni, n., his aunt; the sister of his
father and her female cousins.

iiksho, v. n., to be without; to be none
there, John 1: 47; for explanation of i
prefixed to iksho, see a and ai.

ik, 3d per. sing, and pi. of active verbs
in all the tenses except imp. in the
neg. form, as ala, to arrive, iklo, not to
arrive; sometimes found in the imp., as
iklokia, do not let him come.

ik, a syllable prefixed to neuter and pas
sive verbs in all persons of the neg.
form; as, iksabanno,ikchibanno,ikbanno,
ikpibqnno, ikhapibanno, ikhachibanno,
iksatalakcho, ikchitalakcho, etc. ; ik is
also prefixed to verbs in the negative
form where there is a prefix pronoun
in the accusative or dative cases, as ikscL
chumpo, ikchichumpo, ikhachichumpo,
etc. ; iksankancho, ikchinkancho, ikinkan-
cho, etc.

ik, sign of the 3d per. sing, and pi., imp.
mood; ikminti, let him come.

ik, conj., although, or although let it be.
See John 3: 19; iklakia, John 4: 4.

ika (in ishl ika); anumpa isht ika, a speech
delivered standing.

inkania, n., a loser.

inkania, n., a loss.

ikbano, sign of the opta. mood, Oh!; Oh
that! Where the final vowel of the verb
is i the opt. mood is suffixed as above;
still one of the vowels is dropped, as is
often the case where two come together
in this way. After a and o the opt.
form is akbano or okbano, sometimes
hokbano, etc. (q. v. ). Perhaps kibano

84339°— Bull. 40 — 15 12

178

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

is the best representative of the opt.
mood; kbano and Jtokba.no are most used.

ikbato, one sign of opt. mood, but this
is an elliptical expression. See Luke
19: 42, ishithaiyanatokokbato, "if thou
hadst known," then thou wouldst
have prepared thyself; chumpakbato is
said to request persons to buy some
thing and then go away, or to buy and
furnish themselves and not trouble
others. It is used in the second and
third persons of both numbers; Jcbato
is a form that connects two predicates
with one subject, "oh that he would
buy and have it, or be off," etc.

ikbi, v. t., to make; to create; to raise;
to form; to manufacture; to build,
Matt. 16: 18; to construct; to erect; to
produce; to engender; to beget; to pro
create; to constitute; to fabricate; to
fashion; to figure; to found; to frame;
to generate; to get; to grow; to manu
facture; to originate; to geminate; to
shape; to work; -fr-kbi, nasal form;
ikinkbi, freq.; ilikbi, to make himself;
ilindkbi, to make for himself, Gen. 7: 14;
aiikbi, Matt. 17: 4; ikikbo, a., unbegot-
ten.

ikbi, n., a maker; a creator; a manufac
turer; an author; a fabricator; a father;
a founder; aframer; agenerator; a pro-
creator; a raiser; a source.

ikbi, n., make; work.

ikbi, n., making; aiikbichi, to accuse,
Acts 24: 8.

ikbichl, v. t., to cause to make or do,
Matt. 5: 32.

ikfeksa, n., the side of a man or beast
between the hip bone and the rib.

ikfelichi, v. i., to be swollen in the
bowels.

ikfetap, ikfitukhak, n., the upper end
of the breast bone.

ikfia, n., a diarrhoea; a looseness; a relax;
a lax (a coarse word; -tribal ont -ia is
better).

ikfia, v. n., v. a. i., to have a diarrhoea;
to purge; to relax; to scour.

ikfia, pp., purged; relaxed.

ikfiachi, v. t., to purge; to evacuate the
bowels; to drench; to relax; to scour.

ikfiachi, n., a purgative; a laxative;
physic: a purging.

ikfichukbi, ikfinksa, n., the side of a
man or beast between the hip bone and
the rib; the flank. See ikfeksa.

ikfihechi, n., a lax; a laxative; laxity;
laxness.

ikfitukhak, see ikfetap.

ikfuka, ikfoka, n., the abdomen; the
bowels; the belly, Matt. 12: 40; see
i/uka, ilhfoka.

ikfuka hotupa, n., the colic; pain in the
bowels; the bellyache.

ikfuka hotupali, v. t., to gripe; to dis
tress the bowels.

ikfuka isht talakchi, n., a girth; a sur
cingle; a belly band.

ikfuka katapa, n., the colic.

ikfukasita, iffukisita, n., a girth; a sur
cingle.

ikhana, ithana, v. a. i., v. t., to know,
Matt. 6:8; Josh. 3:4; to acknowledge;
to understand; to have acquaintance
with; to discern; to fathom; to feel; t1)
note; to observe; to perceive; to recol
lect; to recur; to remember; to take;
to writ (v. t., to witness); to wot; ikJia-
Jiana, ithahana, freq. ; ileithana, to know
himself; ikhaiyana, ithaiyana, pro.
form, to remember; to bear in mind; to
occur; to recollect, Josh. 1: 13; 4: 24.

ikhana, n., a knower; an observer.

ikhana, n., knowledge; intelligence; lore;
notice; recollection; regard; remem
brance; science; cognition; under
standing; erudition; experience; feel
ing; information; instruction; learn
ing; light; wit; ileikhana, self-knowl
edge; ikithano, n., inexperience; ignor
ance; rawness.

ikhana, a., knowing; conscious; mindful;
notorious; scientific; aware; known;
expert; familiar; intelligent; learned;
literate; Jtatak HJiana, a known man, or
an acquaintance; 'ikitliano, artless; igno
rant; awkward; unacquainted; inexpe
rienced; insensible; unconscious; unin
formed; unknown; unnumaged; unper-
ceived; unpracticed; unremembered;
untaught; itiMunui, kno\\ n to each
other; itikltana, n., acquaintance, Luke
2o: 4i); itilclKnianku, n., acquaintance,
Luke '2: 44.

ikhana, v. n., to be known, conscious,
etc.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

179

ikhana, pp., taught; instructed; enlight
ened; indoctrinated; informed; learned;
noted; regarded; ikithano, neg. form.

ikhana achukma, a., eminent; noted;
well known.

ikhana alhpesa, a., memorable; nota
ble.

ikhana fehna, a., memorable.

ikhana hinla, a., perceptible.

ikhananchi, v. t., to teach, Matt. 15: 9;
to instruct; to inform; to educate; to
bring up; to breed, Luke 5: 17; 6: 6; to
civilize; to convey or communicate in
telligence; to disciple; to drill; to edify;
to enlighten; to familiarize; to indoc
trinate; to introduce; to lighten; to
nourish; to rear; to remind; to tell;
to train; ileithananchi, to make himself
known, Gen., 42: 7.

ikhananchi, n., a teacher: an instructor;
as Chahta ikhananchi, the Choctaw in
structor; a doctor; an enlightener; a
preceptor; a remembrancer.

ikhananchi, n., tuition; instruction.

ikhananchit pelichi, v. t., to discipline.

ikhana, ithana, v. a. i., v. t., to learn;
to acquire knowledge; to acquaint one
self; to embrace; to find; to get; to
hear; to improve; to see; ikithano, neg.
form; ikhayana, to remember, Matt.
5: 23; to understand, Matt. 15: 10; ile-
ithana, to teach himself.

ikhana, pp., known.

ikhana, n., a learner; nan ithana, a dis
ciple, Matt. 17: 6.

ikhana, n., edification; improvement.

ikhana hinla, a., teachable; capable of
learning; intelligible.

ikhanahe keyu, a., incomprehensible;
inscrutable; unapt; unteachable.

ikhanahe pulla, a., teachable.

ikhananchi, v. t. cans., to cause to learn;
to teach; to acquaint; to instruct, Matt.
15: 9; Josh. 4: 22; or ikhananchi (q. v.).

ikhananchi, ikhananchi, n., a teacher.

ikhinsh, ithinsh, ishhinsh, ikhinsh,
okhinsh, n., medicine; physic; a drug;
the general word for anything used for
the sick, as medicine, or applied to
sores, as salve, or to the flesh, as oint
ments; a medicament.

ikhinsh ahama, n., opodeldoc.

ikhinsh akmo, n., salve.

ikhinsh apesa, v. t., to prescribe medi
cine.

ikhinsh balam, n., camphor; any fra
grant medicine; an elixir.

ikhinsh bota, n., medicine prepared in
powder.

ikhinsh bota ishkot hoita, n., tartar
emetic.

ikhinsh bota ishkot ikfia, n., calomel.

ikhinsh chunkash libishli, n., a cordial.

ikhinsh hapi holba, n., salts; Epsom
salts; Glauber salts; sulphate of soda;
sulphate of magnesia.

ikhinsh homi, n., bitters.

ikhinsh ipeta, v. t., to drug; to admin
ister medicine.

ikhinsh ishkot hoita, n., a puke; a
vomit.

ikhinsh ishkot ikfia, n., a cathartic.

ikhinsh ishkot nusechi, n., laudanum.

ikhinsh ishkot ont iachi, n., a cathartic.

ikhinsh isht apunfachi, n., a syringe.

ikhinsh kanchi, n., a druggist; an apoth
ecary.

ikhinsh lakshachi, n., a sudorific.

ikhinsh luma, n., a nostrum.

ikhinsh lumbo, n., a pill; pills; medi
cine in pills.

ikhinsh lumboa, n. pi., pills.

ikhinsh nipi kallochi, n.. a tonic.

ikhinsh nusechi, n., opium; an opiate;
an anodyne; laudanum.

ikhinsh okchalechi, n., a tonic; a stim
ulant.

ikhinsh patassa, ikhinsh patassapi,
n., prickly ash.

ikhinsh shakba fohka, pp., vaccinated.

ikhinsh shakba fohki, v. t., to vaccinate.

ikhinsh shunsh isht abi,n., a vermifuge.

i^ki, n., his father (Matt. 15: 5); her
father; father; sire; fatherhood; papa;
a procreator; abba; Inki, the Father,
Matt. 11: 27; 16: 27; In Id on, Father,
Rom. 8: 15; Chiliowa akosli inki yon,
Jehovah was a father to him, John 5:
18; hachiinki, Matt. 18: 14: Josh. 1:6.

inki aiokla, n., paternal ancestors.

inki ansha, a., legitimate; born in wed
lock.

Inki aba, n., his Father in Heaven; God;
Pinki aba, our Heavenly Father.

Inki Chihowa, God Jehovah; Jehovah
Father; his Father Jehovah.

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[BULL. 46

inki chohmi, n., fatherhood.

inki ichapa, n., the firstborn; the child
next to the father; the oldest son.

inkiiksho, a., illegitimate; bastard; base
born; fatherless.

inki iksho, n., a bastard.

inki ilikbi, v. t., to father.

inki ishki abi, 11., a parricide.

inki ishki itatuklo, n., parents; father
and mother.

inki toba, n., a stepfather; his stepfather;
her stepfather.

inki toba, pp., fathered.

ikikki, int. of regret; O; alas; ah; oh;
ikikkeh, alas, Josh. 7: 7.

Inkilish imanumpa, n., the English lan
guage.

Inkilish okla, n., Englishmen; English
nation; the English; see Minkilish.

ikimiksho, v. t., to lack; ikshokahe nanta-
Jiatuko; pp., unfurnished.

ikistap, n., tough meat of the neck.

ikithano, adv., unwittingly; ignorantly.

ikkishi, n., the brisket; the breast gen
erally, not the paps, but the fore part
of the thorax; the withers.

ikkishi foni, n., the breast bone; the
sternum.

iklanna, 11., the middle; the center; mid
way, 1 Kings 10: 7; half the depth;
the dead, as "in the dead of winter,"
etc.; halfway; the heart; the interior;
mean; midst; a moiety. Acts 1: 15;
Josh. 4: 5, 8; midst of, Josh. 8: 33.

iklanna, a., semi; half (Matt. 10: 29), as
used in compound words; half pay; half
pint, etc.; middling; mid, as found in
compound words; midday, etc.; full,
as the moon; mean; middle; mon
grel.

iklanna, v. n., to be middling, half or
mid, etc.

iklanna, pp., centered; divided in the
middle.

iklanna atampa, n., a majority; more
than half.

iklannaka, n., tho midst; the middle
place; aiiklqunttkd, John 8: 3; the mean;
the middle.

iklannaka iklanna, n., a quarter.

iklannachi, iklannachi, v. t., to center;
to divide in the middle, Luke 19: 8.

Inklislia, a., English; see Minkilisli.

Inklisha, n., English.

ikma, sign of sub. mood, when the verb
ends with i; see ak and okma, if,
when; this particle begins with k, kma,
when that. Compounds: ikmako — ik-
makocha — ikmakona — ikmakosh — ikmak-
ot — ikjnano, ikmano — ikmat, if, when —
ikmato.

inkoi, n, the withers of a hare or a buffalo.

inkolumpi, see kolumpi, n., the throat.

ikonla, n., the neck; the throat.

ikonla afohoma, n., the collar; the part
of a garment which surrounds the neck.

ikonla afohoma ishi, v. t., to collar; to
seize by the collar.

ikonla awalakachi, n., a ruffle; a ruff.

ikonla bana, see ikonlabana.

ikonla bekat anya, a., barenecked.

ikonla bekat anya, v. a. i., to go bare
necked.

ikonla inuchi, n., a collar; something
worn round the neck; a part of a har
ness for the neck of a horse or other
beast used in draught; names; the part
of a yoke which embraces the neck.

ikonla shatali, n., a swelled neck; a
swelled throat; the mumps (a disease);
the quinsy.

ikonla umpatta, n., a Vandyke.

ikonlabana, ikonla abana, n., a yoke,
Matt. 11: 29; pp., yoked.

ikonlabana imaiishi, v. t., to unyoke.

ikonlabanali, v. t., to yoke.

iksa, n., a clan; a class; a denomination;
a sect; a society; applied to the mar
riage clans, as hatakinholahta,kashapokla.

iksa, v. a. i., to be of a class, sect, or clan;
as, itimiksali bano kakon.

iksa achafa, n., one clan; the same clan
or class.

iksa apistikeli, n. , a bishop; one who
has the watch of a class, clan, etc.

iksa asonunchi alhtoka, n., a deacon;
an elder.

iksa ibafoka, v. t., to unite with a class,
clan, denomination.

iksa inla, iksinla, n., another clan; a
different clan; the other clan.

iksa issa, v. t., to desert a clan; to apos
tatize.

iksa issa, n., an apostate; apostasy.

iksa issachi, v. t., to cause to apostatize.

iksa keyu, a., unrelated.

iksamiksho, v. t., I have none, or there
is none for me, or there is none of mine.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

181

iksiachi, v. t., to fix; to repair; aiksiachi.

iksita,n., a hearth; luakiksita, Gen. 18: 6.

iksitopa; nan isht ikaiiksitopa, infirmities,
Matt. 8: 17. See John 5: 5; 1st per.
iksaksitopa; imperative forms, ikchiksi-
topa, ikpiksitopa.

iksho, v. n., to be absent; to be gone; to
be none; not to be; iiksho, intensive
form, Matt. 2: 17, 18; ikimiiknho, hath
not, Matt. 8: 20; ansha (q. v.), pro.
form; iksaksho, ikchiksho, iksho, ikpiksho,
etc. ; ikchimiksholih, akchimiksho.

iksho, v. a. i., to want; ikaiiksho, as oka
ikaiiksho, dry places, Matt. 12: 43.

iksho, a., absent; none; not any; desti
tute; devoid; wanting; missing; no;
vacant; void.

iksho, n., a dearth; a privation; a want
age; wanting.

iksho, prep., without.

iksho, with a poss. pro. sam, chim, im,
etc., to have none; the neg. of amasha,
chimasha, etc., v. t., to want.

ikshokechi, v. t., to bring to nought; to
destroy, 1 Cor. 6: 13.

il, a prefix per. pro., 1st per. pi. of active
verbs beginning with a vowel, as iat to
go; John 4: 42; ilia, we go; ithana, to
know; ilithana, we know. Seee.

ila, to itself; by itself, as ishilaboli, you
lay it by itself, from ile, reflexive, and
a, locative.

ila, to himself, as ilahalalli, to draw it to
himself; before a vowel, ilai, as ilaieshi,
to take to himself. See Luke 12: 37;
17: 8; John 21: 18; imokla ilahashia, his
peculiar people, Dent. 26: 18.

ilabannali, v. t., to shoulder; see iaban-
nali.

ilabinka, ilaminka, a., different; vari
ous; separate.

ilabinka, v. n., to be different.

ilabinka, adv., separately.

ilafaya, ilafia, a., handsome, as isuba
ilafia, a good-looking horse.

ilafia, v. n., to be handsome; to look
well, as a horse.

ilafiopa, 11., inspiration.

ilafoa, n., contumacy.

ilafoa, a., headstrong; obstinate; un
yielding; unwilling.

ilafoa, v. n., to be headstrong.

ilafoa, v. a. i., to refuse; to struggle.

ilahninchi, n., self-esteem.

ilahobbi, v. a. i., to pretend; to profess;
to attempt; to make a vain effort; to
dissemble; to feign; to make as if, Josh.
9: 4.

ilahobbi, n., an attempt; a pretense; a
feint; hypocrisy.

ilahobbi, n., a pretender; a professor; a
seemer; a hypocrite, Matt. 6: 1(>; nan
ilahobbichiahoka, thou hypocrite, Matt.
7: 5.

ilahobbi, a., pretended; professed; Jtopaii
ilahobbi, Matt, 7: 15.

ilahobbi, adv., vainly.

ilahtati, n., providence.

ilai, dative reflexive particle before vow
els; ilaieshi, Josh. 8: 1.

ilaiukha, n., recompense; retaliation;
vow of revenge.

ilaiukha, n., a revenger.

ilaiyuka, ilayuka, a., various; diver
sified; all; each; divers, Luke 4: 40;
every; different; several; sundry, Matt.
4:24; hatak ilaiyuka, each man; abeka
ilaiyuka puta, all manner of sickness;
yakni ilaiyuka, pinimpatok, haknip ikin-
chukmo ilaiyuka moma, all manner of
disease; see aiyuka.

ilaiyuka, v. n., to be various.

ilaiyuka, v. a. i., to shift.

ilaiyuka, n., a diversity; a variety; ilai
yuka puta, every kind, Matt. 13: 47.

ilaiyuka hinla, a., versatile.

ilaiyuka takoli shali, a,, unsteady;
variable.

ilaiyukachi, v. t., to make various; to
cause a diversity; to vary.

ilaiyukali, n., division.

ilaiyukali, a., various; divers.

ilaiyukali, v. n., to be various.

ilaiyukali laua, a., manifold.

ilaiyukalichechi, v. t., to diversify.

ilakhata, v. a. i., to dress up; to put on
ornaments; ilakhatat antali, lam dress
ing.

ilakshema, v. t., to dress himself; to
vest; see shema.

ilalechia, a., proud.

ilaminka, a., different and separate; see
ilabinka.

ilanoli, v. a. i., to confess, Matt. 3: 6.

ilanoli, n., a concession; a confession.

ilanoli, n., a confessor.

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[BULL. 46

ilanukfillit pisa, n., self-examination.

ilap, pro., his; her; hers, Josh. 2: 19; its;
this; theirs; own; himself; herself; it
self; self; he, Josh. 3:1; Matt. 9: 1;
Hap at, he himself, Matt. 12: 4; ilap
q'ld, their fruit, Matt. 7: 16; ilap ani, his
fruit, Matt. 12: 33; minko ilap, this is
the chief's; ilap Jtocfiifo, his name. The
particles are suffixed to this word.

ilap, ilapa, self; him, Mark 1: 34; Matt.
10: 32, 33; 12: 16; salap achafa, I alone;
I myself alone; I only, salap, chilap,
ifap.

ilap achafa, adv., singly.

ilap achafa, a., unattended.

ilap ahni, v. t. , to determine himself; to
volunteer; ilapanli, a., selfish; ilap ahni.

ilap ahni, n., self-determination; his
wish; his will.

ilap ahni, a., voluntary.

ilap ahni bieka, a., willful.

ilap ahni ilekanchi, a., self-devoted.

ilap ahni keyu, a., involuntary.

ilap ahni yamohmi, a., spontaneous;
voluntary.

ilap aiahni, n., self-will.

ilap aiahni, adv., freely.

ilap akinli, himself; herself; itself; self;
ilap akinli hoxh, Matt. 8:17.

ilap anukfilli, v. a. i., to think himself;
to determine himself.

ilap anukfilli, n., self-determination.

ilap alihikia, a., free — to stand by him
self.

ilapbano, a., alone; himself alone; single;
he alone; lone; unattended, Matt. 17: 1;
them alone.

ilap bano, a., lone.

ilap bano, adv., lonely; singly.

ilap banot anta, v. a. i., to live alone,
or to be the only one that stays.

ilap bieka, a., alone; solitary.

ilap biekat kanima atta, 11., a hermit.

ilap binka, adv., by or among them
selves, ,!ohn 4: 33; Luke 4: 36; sepa
rately, Matt. 12: 25; 16: 7.

ilap fena, a., himself; himself indeed;
himself in person.

ilap fena, adv., personally; in person.

ilap im, their own, Matt. 17: 25.

ilap immi, a., his own; her own; private;

proper, Josh. 8: 27.
ilap immi, n., a proprietary.

ilap in, Matt. 9: 1; his own, Matt: 10: 36;

13: 57.
ilapakpuna, ilapakpunwa, a., selfish;

self-conceited; self-willed; haughty.
ilapakpuna, v. n., to be selfish.
ilapakpuachi, ilapakpuwachi, v. t,, to

make selfish,
ilapakpunla, a., selfish; haughty; from

ilapak pulla, surely himself he.
ilapakpunla, v. n., to be selfish,
ilapat, obj. case, pro., he; himself, Matt.

14: 22; 16: 21.
ilapinli, a., himself; herself, Matt. 6: 4;

ilapint, obj. case,
ilapisa, see ilapissa.

ilapisa, v. t., to make; this word is per
haps from apesa, and is a reflexive verb,
ilapissa, from ilap and issa or il and

apissa, to give himself up.
ilapissa, see Gen. 43: 32; mihma ilapissa

intallalimat, etc., by themselves; by

himself,
ilapissa, a., downcast; dull; pensive; sad;

weak and trembling from sickness,
ilapissa, pp., saddened; disfigured; nash-

uka ilapissa, Matt. 6: 16.
ilapissa, adv., sadly.
ilapissachi, ilapissachi, ilapissachi, v.

t. , to depress himself; to disfigure, Matt.

6: 16.
ilapo,a., his, himself ; ilapo haknip akinli

kakon, John 2: 21: ilapo fena yat, John

4: 54.

ilapo inli, pro., itself, Matt. 6: 34; 12: 26.
ilapoma, pro. ob., him; ilapoma ishin

yamohmi, Luke 6: 31.
ilaposh, pro., he; himself; obj. case.
ilapuna, a., selfish; self-willed; haughty;

from apoa, to raise; to sow for raising.
ilapuna, v. n., to be selfish.
ilapunla, n., haughtiness; independence;

selfishness; stiffness; from ila and pulla,

surely himself, or to himself, or from

ilaj> and ]>u//(t.
ilapunla, a., selfish; haughty; high

minded; independent; insolent; lordly ;

stiff necked; stubborn; supercilious;

wayward; presumptuous; rash; heady;

from ila]) find pull a (nasalized), surely

himself.

ilapunla, v. n., to be selfish, etc.
ilapunla, v. a. i., to stiffen.
ilatoba, v. a. i., to spare; from tot/a, to

become; ikilatobo. a., unreserved.

BYIXGTO.X]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

183

ilatomba, v. t., to save; to economise;
to preserve for future use; to husband;
to reserve; to spare; made by prefix
ing the particles He reflexive and a loca
tive to toba; anumpa ilatomba fehna.

ilatomba, a., saving; prudent; econom
ical; reserved; frugal.

ilatomba, n., economy; prudence; re
serve; saving.

ilatomba, n., an economist; a saver.

ilatomba atapa, a., penurious.

ilatomba keyu, a. , unsparing.

ilauata, ilauata, v. a. i., to boast; to brag;
to crow; imilauata, to crow over him;
isht ilauata, to boast about; to vapor; to
vaunt; from auata and the pronoun He.

ilauata, n., a boaster; a brag; a vaporer;
a vaunter.

ilauata, n., a boast; a brag; a prank.

ilaueli, ilauweli, v. t. sing., to lead
along; to conduct; to rule; to govern;
to lead, Matt. 15:14; to take, Matt. 16:
22; Luke 4: 5; to guide; to take a wife,
Matt. 1: 24; 4:5; this is a reflexive form
from aue, auechi, auet, etc. ; pelichi, pi.

ilaueli, n., a leader of one; a conductor;
a guide; a guider; wakushi ilauinli, a
cow that is the leader of a calf, i. e.,
a cow and calf, Matt. 18: 24.

ilauet, cont. of above, John 1: 42.

ilauet anya, v. t. sing., to rule; to lead;
to conduct; to govern.

ilauet anya, n., a ruler; a leader; a hus
band.

ilanyak, imilayak, n., goods, Matt. 12:
29; wares; merchandise; riches, 1 Kings
10: 23; treasure, Matt. 6: 19; his goods;
imilayak chokushpa, chattel; chattels;
concern; riches; imilayak isht yupomo;
v. t., to dissipate.

ilayuka, see ilalyuka.

ilallachi, a., childish.

ilallachi (from He and alia], v. t., to make
himself a child.

ilapisa, v. t., to look on himself; to deem
himself.

ilapissa, ilapisa, a., sad; of a sad coun
tenance; depressed.

ilapissa, v. n., to be sad; to have a fallen
countenance, Gen. 4: 6.

ilapissachi, ilapissachi, v. t., to depress.

ilappa, pro., this; these, Matt. 1: 20;
2: 3; 4: 9; ilappa yakohmichi, do this,

Matt. 8: 9; a demonstrative of person,
thing, and place: this; here; ila/tjta
refers to the nearest objects, yam/no- to
the most distant; hither, Josh. 3: 9;
ilappa ishla liohcho? art thou come
hither? Matt. 8: 29.

ilappa, adv., here, Matt. 14: 17; hither,
Josh. 2: 2; thence, Luke 4: 9; ilappa
fehnaka, herein; here; John 4: 37; Matt.
12: 0; this place.

ilappa, demon, pro. in the obj. case or in
any case, this; these; this person or
thing; used instead of the third person
of the per. pro. he, she, it, they, Luke
1: 6 [?] ('dappa is here in the n. case);
ilappa fenaka, in this or herein, John 4:
37; Matt. 6: 29; the; these, Matt. 6: 32;
18: 14; this, Josh. 1: 2, 4.

ilappa foka, adv., hereabout.

ilappa pila, adv., in this direction;
toward this place; ilappa pila tali, I am
going in this direction.

ilappa pilla, adv., away here, pointing
at the same time to the place with the
finger or lips, meaning quite to or at
the place, and not merely toward.

ilappak, adv.. here; right here; ilappak
atnkma, this, Matt. 8: 9; ilappak fehna,
here, Matt. 14: 8; ilappakinli, adv., here
in this place; right here; ilqppako,
adv., in this place; at this place; hither,
Matt. 17: 17; ilappak oka, here is the
place which; ilappak okqt, v. n., here is
the place which; ilappak okqto, that
very one; Hqppakosh, here is the place;
this is, Matt. 11: 10.

ilappak, this, Matt. 3: 17; a simple word,
like liimak, himmak, yammak; ilappak
ash, the, Luke 3: 15; ilappakinli, this;
himself, itself, etc., Matt. 13: 22; Hap.
pakma, this also; this too; Happakon,
in this; of this; from this; hither, Matt.
14: 18; Josh. 1: 4; in whom, Matt.
3: 17.

ilappak oka, adv., this the one which.

ilappak okat, nom. case, this is the one
which.

ilappak osh, nom. case, this is the one,
Matt. 17: 5.

ilappasi, adv., here.

ilappano, obj. case, this is the one.

ilappat, nom. case, this; okla ilappat, Matt.
15: 8.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BITLL. 46

ilappato, nom. case, def., this is the one
which.

ilappimma, adv., hither, this way, Josh.
8:20.

ilappimma pilla, adv., thitherward.

ilbasha, a., poor; wretched; miserable;
destitute; calamitous; cheerless; con
trite; deplorable; desolate; devoid;
grievous; heavy; humble; indigent;
lean; low; meager; necessitous; needy;
piteous; rigorous; rueful; submissive;
pp., degraded; troubled; depressed;
distressed.

ilbasha, adv., unhappily; miserably.

ilbasha, v. n., to be poor, etc.; ilbqnsha;
ilbaiyaslia.

ilbasha, v. a. L, to mourn; to ruin; to
smart; to suffer; to undergo; isht ilba
sha, v. t., to mourn.

ilbasha, v. t., with a pro. in the dative
case; imilbasha, to pray to him, Luke
5: 12; to importune of him; to suppli
cate; eclmnilbaslia, we pray to thee; we
are humble before thee, Josh. 2: 12;
ilbansha; ilbaiyaslia.

ilbasha, pp., distressed; impoverished; re
duced to want; afflicted; persecuted;
cursed; humbled; oppressed; racked;
ruined; screwed; stripped; tormented;
wronged, Matt. 6: 25; ililbasJia, pp.,
self-abased; ishpilbashachi, thou tor-
mentest us, Matt. 8: 29; ilbaiyasha.

ilbasha, n., poverty; misery; a calamity;
affliction; persecution; distress; the
heartache; illness; impotency; indi
gence; need; necessity; oppression;
penury; plaint; a privation; punish
ment; a strait; a stripe; suffering; tor
ment; trouble; woe; wretchedness.

ilbasha, n., the poor; a sufferer, Matt.
11: 5; ilbasha atapa, n., extremity; ex
treme distress.

ilbashachi, v. t., to torment; to wring;
to wrong; to depress; to oppress; to
screw; to shave; to sterili/e; to straiten;
to strip; to distress; to impoverish; to
afflict; to persecute, Matt. 5: 44; to de
ject; HUbasJiachi, to distress himself.

ilbashachi, n., an oppressor; a distresser;
a tormentor; a wrongdoer; a wronger.

ilbashahe alhpesa, a., damnable; trag
ical; unhappy; woful; wretched;
wrongful; ikilbasho, neg. a.

ilbashalechi, v. t., to impoverish; to
cause distress or poverty; to oppress.

ilbashali, v. t., to distress; to afflict; to
oppress; to persecute; to curse; to grind;
to gripe; to pinch; to ruin; to destroy,
Matt. 10: 28; Josh. 7: 25, to trouble;
ililbashali, to distress himself.

ilbashali, n. , oppression; persecution.

ilbashali, n., an oppressor; a persecutor;
v. t., to beggar; to condemn, John 3: 17.

ilbashali, a., murderous.

ilbashalit abi, a., murderous.

ile, sign of the reflexive form of active
verbs beginning with a vowel, as anta,
to stay; ilanta, to stay by himself or
alone; ako&tininchi, to understand; ontil-
akostininchi, to understand himself; to
come to himself, Luke, 15: 17; ilekos-
tininr.hi, to repent.

ile, sign of the reflexive pronominal form
before verbs beginning with a conso
nant; before a vowel one vowel is often
dropped, especially the vowels i and a,
asilebi, to commit suicide; to kill one's
self.

ilebi, n., self-homicide; self-murder; sui
cide.

ilefehnachechi, v. t., to fan pride; to
render proud; to elevate; to exalt; to
lift.

ilefehnachi, v. t., to pride.

ilefehnachi, ilifehnachi, (two long
vowels, e and e, do not come together
or follow each other. — later note by B. ) ;
a., ostentatious; pompous; self-suffi
cient; supercilious; proud; vain; arro
gant; consequential; haughty; lofty;
pp., elevated; high minded; insolent;
lordly; magisterial; puffed; see/e/ma.

ilefehnachi, adv., loftily.

ilefehnachi, v. n., to be proud; to be
vain.

ilefehnachi, v. a. i., to crow; to boast;
to prink; to swagger; to swell.

ilefehnachi, 11., a swaggerer.

ilefehnachi, n., pride; vanity; hauteur;
loftiness; pomp; self-conceit.

ilefehnachit nowa, v. a. i., to stalk; to
strut.

ilefoka, n., a garment; a coat, Matt. 5:
40; apparel; an undergarment; a tunic,
Luke 6: 29; a dress; clothes.

ilefoka,v. t. ref., to put clothes on him
self, herself, one's self.

fcYlNGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

185

ilefoka awalakachi, n., the ruffle of a

shirt.
ilefoka chito, n., a cloak; a surtout; a

great coat.
ilefoka foka, v. t., to attire himself; to

dress himself; to clothe himself.
ilefoka foka, pp., clothed; dressed, by

himself or others.
ilefoka fokachi, v. t., to clothe another;

to dress another.
ilefoka halushkichi, n., a fiatiron; a

sadiron; a heater.
ilefoka isht boa, n., a pounder used in

washing clothes.
ilefoka isht kashokachi, ilefoka isht

kasholichi, n., a clothes brush.
ilefoka isht shema, n., a dress.
ilefoka kolofa, n., a roundabout; a

short coat; a spencer.
ilefoka kololi, n. pi. of above.
ilefoka lumbo, n.,a shirt; a coat, Matt.

10: 10.
ilefoka patafa, n., a hunting frock; a

garment that is open in front.
ilefoka shakba afohoma, n., a cuff; a

wristband.

ilefoka shukcha, n., a pocket in a gar
ment.

ilefoka walaha, n., a ruffled shirt.
ilefoka yushkololi, n., a vest; a jacket;

a waistcoat; a short garment.
ilehaksi, a., self-deceived.
ileholitobli, n., self-love.
ileissikkopali, n., a self-tormentor.
ilepushpuli, v, L, to be cross,
ileyimmi, n., self-confidence.
ileyukpali, a., self-pleasing,
ilhfiopa, n., breath,
ilhfiopa okchaya, n., breath of life.
ilhfiopak, n., wind; breath; life, Matt.

6: 25; 10: 39; 16: 25; Josh. 9: 24; imilh-

fiopak ishituk, he took his life, Matt. 2:

19, 20; imilhfiopak fohki, to give life; to

animate; pimilhfiopa'fc, our life, Josh.

2: 14; imilhfiopak ikfalaio, a., short

winded.

ilhfoka, n., the abdomen; see ikfuka.
ilhkola hlnla, a., excitable,
ilhkolechi, ilhkoliclii, v. t. caus. pi., to

move; to stir, as shakba ilhkolechi; to

move the arms; to cause them to move;

to bestir; to excite,
ilhkolechi, ilhkoliclii, n., one that causes

a moving.

ilhkoli (ia, sing.), v. a. i. pi., to move; to
go, Matt. 8: 33; to leap, Luke 1: 41; to
budge; to start off; to take leave, Matt.
14: 22; to circulate; to pace; to stir; to
come, Matt. 8: 34; 2: 12; 11: 7; Josh. 7:
4; aiilhkoli, Matt. 11: 13; ilhkola hmla
ka, to depart, Matt. 14: 13; ilhkot, cont. ;
ilhkonli, nas. ; ilhkohonli, freq. ; ilhkoyuli,
pro.

ilhkoli, n., those who move; movers.

ilhkoli, n., action.

ilhkoli, n., a motion; a movement; ik-
ilhkolecho, a., unshaken.

ilhkoli keyu, n., inaction.

ilhkolichi, v. t., to move; to circulate;
to set in motion; to start; to .stir; to
shake; to work.

ilhkolichi, illikolechi, n., a stirrer.

ilhpa, n., food; provisions; cooked pro
visions; food prepared; an eatable.

ilhpak,n., food; provisions; bread, Matt.
6: 11, 25; Mark 3: 20; victuals, Matt.
14: 15; 1 Kings, 11: 18; cooked pro
visions; aliment; board; diet; enter
tainment; an esculent; fare; meat; nur
ture; nutriment; pabulum; subsistence;
sustenance; a viand.

ilhpak akanchi, n., a market, Matt. 11:
16; 23: 7.

ilhpak atali, v. t., to boar.d; to furnish
with food; ilhpak imatali, to subsist,

ilhpak atali, n., a provider.

ilhpak imataha, pp., furnished with
food; boarded.

ilhpak tola achafa, n., a mess.

ilhpapa, n., the hunters for a funeral, or
pole pulling.

ilhpapa, v. t, to hunt for the same.

ilhpansh, v. n., to be friendly, Gen. 40: 7.

ilhpita, n., a gift; a donation; "meat"
as a gratuity, or a ration, Matt. 10: 10.

ilhpita, v. t., to receive as a gift; hatak
at alhpoyak ilhpita, the men who receive
goods as a present,

ilhpita, ilhpitta, pp., given; put in; fed;
charged; nourished; isuba hat ilhpila.

ilhpita achafa, n., a charge; a load for a
gun.

ilhpitachi, v. t., to give; to keep.

ilhpitachi, n., a giver; a donor.

ilhtalowak, ilhtalwak, n., song, Ex.
15: 2; a note in music; songs, Gen.
31: 27; see alhtahvak.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ilhtohno, allitoh.no, n., a servant,
John 4:51; a domestic; a help; a hire
ling; a mercenary; an undertaker.

ilhtohno, pp., hired; employed; insti
gated; engaged; from tohno, v. t., or
itohnoclri, to instigate.

ilhtohno keyu, a., unengaged.

ilifehnachi, see ilefohnachi.

ililli, n., pestilence, 2 Sam. 24: 13.

ilimpa, illimpak, n., food; victuals;
meat; anii/impa, John 4: 34; nourish
ment; nurture; nutriment; pabulum;
table; a viand; also sig., we eat.

ilissa, v. t. ref. (from ism), to surrender;
to capitulate; to give himself up.

ilissa, n., a surrender; a capitulation.

ilissa, n., one who surrenders or gives
himself up.

ilissachi, v. t., to cause to surrender him
self; to conquer.

ilissachi, n., a conqueror.

ilia, a., odd; singular, as nakni ilia siahoke,
I am a singular man.

ilia, v. n., to be odd or singular.

ilia, adv., oddly.

ilia, v. a. i., to be only; illashke, Mark
12: 32; ushi akilla, save the son, Matt.
11: 27; Mat, Matt. 14: 23.

ilia, adv., only; barely; merely, John
4: 23[?]; anmnpa ilia ho™, the word
only, Matt. 4: 10; 8: 8; 10: 42; but,
Matt. 14: 17, adj., a single word.

ilia hinla, a., mortal; expirable; perish
able.

ilia husi, a., half dead; nearly dead; al
most dead.

illahe imma, a., mortal.

illahe keyu, a., immortal; deathless.

illahe keyu ikbi, v. t., to make immor
tal; to immortalize.

illechi, a. (from •////), grievous.

illi, a., pp., dead, Matt. 11: 5; deceased;
departed this life; lost at a game of
chance; defunct; numb from cold; life
less; benumbed; torpid; vapid; ikillo
kid aba ia, to go to heaven without dy
ing; to be translated.

illi, v. t, to die, Malt. 17: 9; Josh. 1:1;
Matt, 15: 4; nniUiliknt, (ial. 2: 19.

illi, v. n., to die'; to perish, John ',}•. 16;
to lose at a game of chance; to expire;
to decease; to depart this life; to fail;
to faint; to go; to pass; to perish; to
rest; alia M illi, to die in childbed;

piUimakoke, we perish, Matt. 8: 24;
imilli, he lost; illi, Hi, iJtili, inli, ihinli,
ielli, ikello, Josh. 1:.9; 8: 1; inli, nasal
form, dying, John 4: 49; hashi at illi, to
change, as the moon; ihinli, freq., iyilli,
pro. ikiello, neg. ; Josh. 8:1; imilli, v. t.,
to lose; imilli, n., a loser.

illi, n., death, Matt. 10:21; the dead;
illi akosh, the dead, Matt. 8: 22; dead-
ness; decease; a departure; destruction;
dissolution; an end; numbness; quiet;
rest; torpor; nan illi is used for death
in Rom. 6: 23.

illi, used as an intensitive, as sanukhak-
lot salli, I am very sorry; lit., 1 sorrow
and I die; nusit illi, fast asleep.

illi atukla, n., death; the second death;
destruction.

illi binka, dead like themselves, a fellow
mortal, Matt. 8: 22.

illi cha atta, n., still born.

illichi, v. t., to kill; to put to death; to
slay; to deaden; to dazzle; to numb; to
end; to benumb; to obtund; to palsy; to
paralyze, Matt. 10:28; 16:21; itillichi,
to kill each other; haslii at nislik'm an
illichi, the sun dazzles the eye.

illiissa, v. t., to proscribe; to offer to
death; to give up to die, Matt. 10: 21:
illiimissa, v. t., to betray, or give him
to death, Matt, 27: 3.

illiissa anumpa, n., a proscription.

illilli, n., a disease, Luke 4: 40; a distem
per, such as the smallpox; pleurisy; a
malady; pestilence, 2 Sam. 24: 13.

illilli okpulo, 11., a deadly distemper; a
disease; a leprosy.

illilli okpulo, n., a leper.

illinaha, a. in the past tense, half dead;
near dead; was well-nigh dead.

illit akosh falamat tani, v. a. i., to rise
from the dead; n., a resurrection.

illit okcha, n., one who has been resus
citated.

illuhmi, illohmi, a., deathlike.

ilo, iloh, per. pro., 1st per, pi., before
active verbs beginning with a vowel;
ia, to go; ilia, we go; ilo'/iia, we all go;
itolnshkn, Matt. (>: .">!.

ilokpani, n., self-abuse.

ilolabbi, n., self-denial.

inlachi, n., a large green-headed duck.

inlapa, n., caul or fat of the paunch
(Billy Thomas, informant).

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

187

ilapa, n., the milt or spleen; some say it
is the midriff, diaphragm, or caul, the
milt being takashi.

ilaualli, iloalli, v. a. i., v. t., to play;
to frolic; to parade; to revel; to romp;
to sport; to toy; to trifle; to wanton,
2 Sam. 2: 14.

ilaualli, n., a play; a diversion; a frolic;
fun; a pastime; sport.

ilaualli, n., a player; a frolicker; a rev
eler; a tumbler.

ilauallichi^ v. t., to make others play;
to parade soldiers; to drill; iti^howa, to
call each other, Matt. 11: 16.

im, pre. pos. pro., 3d per. sing, and pi.
in the n. case, before nouns beginning
with a vowel; as imisuba, his, her, or
their horse'. See chim, in, etc. imi,
before shilombish, as ami, chimi, imi-
shilombish, etc., with nouns of place;
tqmaha holihta imisht impak imma, right
side of the city; Chuta yan imoka mali
pitta, to the south of Judah, 2 Sam. 24:
5, 7.

im, pre. per. pro., 3d per. sing, and pi.,
in the dative case before verbs begin
ning Math a vowel, and to be rendered
with a prep., as of him, for him, to
him, etc.; to it, as a tree; see Mark 11:
23, imachi; imanoli, to relate to him;
ima, of him; from him, Matt. 6: 1; ima,
of them, Matt. 6: 2.

im, per. pro., 3d per. sing, and pi., in
the nom. case before some neuter verbs,
as okpulo, bad; imokpulo, he is angry,
or there is evil with him; see chim.

im, pos. pro., removed from the noun
and placed before the verb, as allat imilli,
instead of imallat illi. Many words
have the pronouns im, etc., inseparably
united. It is necessary to write them
as they are used; imi, before the word
shilombish, as imishilombish, Matt. 10:
20.

ima, ema, v. t., to give, Matt. 14: 7, 9;
to sell; to cede; to send, John 3: 17;
to impart; to bestow; to bear to, John
2: 8; to let one have; to accommodate
with; to deliver to, Luke 4: 17; to com
municate; to title, hachimahe, Matt. 7: 7;
imatok, had given, Matt. 9: 8; 14: 19;
ima, to give him; cldma, to give thee;
ama, to give me; anumpa ima; et ima,
pit ima; ihinma, freq., iksamo, neg.,

ikchemo, ikerno, ikpemo, etc.; issama, to
give me; issahama, John 17: 8.

ima, v. t., to confer; to consign; to con
vey; to deal; to dispose of; to grant;
to hand; to invest; to leave; to let; to
offer; to present; to render; to resign;
to transfer; chimali, Matt. 4:9; <i!>/ama,
intensive form; isht ima, to take and
give, Matt. 7: 9, 10; arnaiyama, to give
me much.

ima, n., a giver; a donor.

ima, n., a gift; a largess; a donation; a
cession; a sale; a dedication; a legacy;
a render.

ima, see imma.

ima hinla, a., that can be given.

ima keyu, a., ungranted.

imabachi, n., a teacher.

imabachi, v. t., to teach or to teach him;
to instruct; to show him how; to indoc
trinate; to inform; imalbaclii, pp., im-
abanchi, nasal form; imabahanchi, freq.

imachanho, a., better, after being sick.

imafo, imafo, n., 1, a grandfather, his
grandfather, her grandfather, or her
father-in-law, i. e., the father of her
husband, while like other words de
noting kindred, others are embraced,
as imafo embraces all the brothers of
the grandfather; a grandsire; 2, also
great-grandfather.

imahaksahe keyu, a., unpardonable.

imahaksi, a., mindless; forgetful; un
grateful, unmindful.

imahaksi, pp., unlearned; forgotten; par
doned; unremembered; weaned; ik-
imahakso, a., unpardoned.

imahaksi, imihaksi, v. t., to forget; to
forgive; to misremember; to miss; to
omit; to overlook; to pardon; to pass;
to remit; to unlearn; amahaksi, cJtima-
haksL

imahaksi, n., forgetfulness, remission.

imahaksicha hinla, a., pardonable; ish-
pimahaksichi, itimahaksichi.

imahaksichi, v. t., to cause it to be for
gotten or forgiven ; to forget; to pardon.

imahaksichi, n., forgiveness.

imahoba, v. t. (see ahoba), to suspect;
to guess; to reckon; to figure; to pre
sume; to suppose; to surmise.

imahoba, n., a guess; a presumption; a
supposition; a surmise.

188

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[BULL. 46

imaialechi, n., a lesson; a stint; his
lesson.

imaiya, a. , superior to; better; surpassing.

imaiya, imanya, (see «n?/a); v. t., v. n.,
to overthrow; to overtop; to prevail; to
surmount; to surpass, Matt. 10: 24; to
exceed; to conquer, 2 Sam. 24: 4; to
defeat; to master; to outdo; to outgo;
to outgrow; to outlast; to outlive; to
outwalk; to overcome; to overgo; to
overpower; amaiya, to be greater to
me; itintimaii/a, v. a. i., to run a race;
to compete; to refute; to repress; to
revolt; to vie; to rival; to transcend; to
triumph; to win; ithitimiya. n., a race;
itintimiya, n., a racer; a rival, Matt. 11:
9, 11; 12: 6, 41.

imaiya, n., excess; a conquest; a defeat;
a subjection; a triumph; vantage; a
victory; a winning.

imaiya; imaiyahe ke>/u, a., triumphant;
victorious; unconquerable.

imaiya, n., a conqueror; his conqueror;
a victor; a winner.

imaiya, pp., subdued; taken; ikimaiyo,
a., unsubdued; unconquered.

imaiya hinla, a., vincible.

imaiyahe keyu, a., invincible.

imaiyachi, v. t,, to exceed; to conquer;
to beat; to excel; to surpass; to defeat;
to humble; to master; tooutdo; toover-
come; to overpower; to overthrow; to
subdue; to subject; to suppress; to sur
mount; to take; to vanquish; to pre
vail against, Matt. 16: 18.

imaiyachi, n., a conqueror; a subduer;
a vanquisher.

imaiyachi, n., a subjection.

imaiyamohmi, n., luck.

imaiyat falarnmint ishi, v. t,, to re
conquer.

imaiyokoma, a., perplexed; bewildered;
at a loss.

imaiyokoma, v. n., to be perplexed or
bewildered ; to be at a loss; imaiyokonti,
he is bothered.

imaiyokomichi, v. t., to bewilder; to
cause perplexity; to maze.

imaiyopik, n., u relative by marriage;
the brothers, uncles, and nephews of
her husband are thus called by a
woman. .It is now obsolete.

imanka, iinaka, a., natural; proper; suit
able; acceptable.

imanka, v. n., to be natural;
neg., to be unnatural or unsuitable.

imalak, n., a brother-in-law; his
brother-in-law; a man's sister's hus
band, and brothers.

imalakusi, n., a brother-in-law; his
brother-in-law; his wife's brothers, and
cousins.

imalakusi ohoyo, n., his sister-in-law,
i. e., his wife's sister.

imalama, a., guarded; kept.

imalama, v. n., to be guarded; he is
guarded or kept.

imalami, v. t., to hinder; to oppose; to
object.

imalammi, n., an objector.

imalammichi, v. t., to cause objections;
to cause to hinder.

imalaka, n., the midriff.

imalechi, v. t., to maim.

imaleka, v. a. i., to suffer pain from
his own misconduct; to smart.

imaleka, pp., distressed; pained;
maimed.

imaleka, a., unfortunate; unlucky.

imaleka, n., a doom; misfortune.

imaleka hinla, a., unsafe.

imaleka shali, a., hapless.

imalekahe keyu, a., safe.

imalekahe keyu, n., safety.

imalekachechi, v. t., to cause pain.

imalekachi, v. t., to cause pain.

imantananchi, n., the breastbone.

imantia, n., an obeyer.

imantia, a., obedient; dutiful; submis
sive.

imantia, n., duty; obedience; observ
ance; observation.

imantia, v. t., to heed; to obey; to mind;
to observe; to serve, Matt. 4: 10; see
antia.

imantia achukma, a., obsequious.

imantiahe keyu, a., ungovernable.

imanukfela, a., sad; sorrowful; imanuk-
fiela.

imanukfela, v. n., to be sad, Gen. 40: 0.

imanukfela chi, v. t., cans., to sadden; to
to make sad; imanukfielachi.

imanukfila, a., ideal; mental; thought
ful.

imanukfila, n., his thought; their
thoughts, Matt. 9: 4; his mind; thought;
mind; an opinion: reflection; under
standing; brain; intellect; judgment;

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

189

sentiment; conceit; conscience; consid
eration; contemplation; counsel; dis
cernment; eye of the mind; a faculty;
the faculties; a fancy; a phantasm; a
phantom; feeling; heart; an idea; an
imagination; an impression; an intent;
a meditation; memory; mettle; a no
tion; a project; reason; sense; senti
ment; a speculation; spirit; temper; a
tenet; a theory; a thought; unanimity;
a view; a voice; a judgment; will;
wit, Mark 2: 8.

imanukfila, v. a. i., to think; to reason;
v. t., to intend; imanukfila fehna, Luke
4: 22 [?]; imanukfilachi.

imanukfila achafa, a., like-minded; of
one mind; unanimous.

imanukfila achafa, n., resolution; a re
solve; "one accord," Josh. 9: 2.

imanukfila achafa, v. n., to be like
minded; to agree; imanukfila ikachafo,
to dissent.

imanukfila achafa, n., concord.

imanukfila achafa keyu, a., unprin
cipled; unstaid; wavering.

imanukfila ahalaia, a., mental; spirit
ual.

imanukfila aiimina, a., intellectual.

imanukfila akanlusi, a., dampened, as
to the feelings; discouraged.

imanukfila anli achukma, a., consci
entious.

imanukfila apissanli, a., stable-minded.

imanukfila apissanli keyu, a., unstable.

imanukfila ansha, a., rational; reasona
ble; sensible.

imanukfila alhpesa, a.? unprejudiced.

imanukfila chaha, a., magnanimous;
high-minded; imanukfila chaha, v. n.

imanukfila chito, n., magnanimity; a
reverie; sconce; strength.

imanukfila chito, a., having a large
mind; magnanimous.

imanukfila fehna, a., meditative;
thoughtful.

imanukfila hopoyuksa, a., magnani
mous.

imanukfila ikkallo, a., happy.

imanukfila iksho, n., idiocy; shallow-
ness; stupor; dotage.

imanukfila iksho, a., foolish; sense
less; without mind; idiotic-; ignorant;
irrational; shallow - brained; silly;
simple; sottish; stupid; thoughtless.

imanukfila iksho, n., a fool, Matt. 5: 22;
23: 17; a natural; raca (Heb. ); a sim
pleton; a sot; a witling, an idiot; an
ignoramus; a dotard; dotage.

imanukfila iksho, v. n., to bo foolish;
to know nothing.

imanukfila iksho aiimoma, n., an
idiot; a natural fool.

imanukfila ilaiyuka, v. a. i., to vac
illate; a., whimsical.

imanukfila ilbasha, n., gloom; gloomy
thoughts.

imanukfila inla xninka, v. t., to dis
agree.

imanukfila ishi, v. t. to seize the mind;
to interest the mind; to captivate.

imanukfila itibaf oka, v. t., to agree in
opinion; to concur.

imanukfila itiholba, a., like-minded; re
sembling each other in sentiment.

imanukfila itiholba, v. n., to be like-
minded.

imanukfila kapassa, n., insensibility.

imanukfila kapassa, a., insensible.

imanukfila kallo, a., unfeeling; hard
hearted.

imanukfila kallo, n., comprehension;
genius; harshness.

imanukfila komunta a., anxious; dis
tressed; uneasy in mind.

imanukfila komunta, v. n., to be anx
ious.

imanukfila komunta. n., anxiety.

imanukfila laua, n., maze; perturbation.

imanukfila laua, a., fickle; changeable;
fanciful; fertile; fluctuating; indecisive;
notional.

imanukfila nukhanklo, n., melancholy;
mercy.

imanukfila nuktanla, n., modesty.

imanukfila okpani, v. t., to delude.

imanukfila okpulo, a., evil-minded;
malevolent.

imanukfila okpulo, n., malevolence;
malignity.

imanukfila omichi, v. t., to apply the
mind.

imanukfila shanaia, a., perverted in
opinion.

imanukfila shanaioa, v. a. i., to whiffle.

imanukfila shanaioa, a., fickle; fever
ish; light-minded; whiffling.

imanukfila shanaioa, n., lightness.

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[BULL. 46

imanukfila shananchi, v. t., to per
suade; to pervert the mind; to incline;
to prejudice; to prepossess.

imanukfila tohwikelichi, v. t., to il
lume; to illumine; to illuminate.

imanukfila tuklo, a., double-minded.

imanukfila tuklo, v. a. i., to trim.

imanukfila tunshpa, a., eagle-eyed;
quick-minded; witty.

imanukfila yohbi, n., meekness.

imanumpeshi, 11., a lieutenant; a vice-
agent; a second in command; a min
ister.

imansha, v. t. , to have; to keep; see a^sha.

imansha, n., a keeper; a possessor.

imashaka, n., the rear.

imatali, n., a maintainer; a supporter.

imatali, v. t., to maintain; to minister;
to satisfy; to store; to supply.

imatananchi, imantananchi, n., his
breast.

imafo, imafo, n., her father-in-law, 1
Sam. 4: 19; see imafo.

imaka, see imanka.

imalhpisa, n., a license; a ration.

imalhtaha, pp. (from atali), maintained;
ministered; satisfied; prepared; stored;
supplied; sustained; ikimalhtaho, a.,
unprepared; unprovided; unqualified;
unready; unsupplied; ikimalhtaho, n.,
unreadiness.

imalhtayak, n., a vocation.

imallunsak, issimallunsak, n., the name
of a weed called in vulgar parlance the
devil's shoestring. It is used to intoxi
cate fish in water ponds and to break up
fever and ague.

imala, v. n., to be timid, or wild; isi at
iinnf<i, (i Hat imala.

imala, a., timid; wild ; fortunate.

imanni, n., his older brother, i. e., any
one, or all, older than himself, as nakjish
means any one or all younger than him
self. This expression by brothers only
expresses their relation. Sisters do not
call their older brothers by the same
epithet.

imanni, n., her older sister. Sisters
speak of older and younger sisters as
brothers do of brothers. A sister calls
her brother w//.;/i, a»n«ikfit my brother,
etc. A brother calls his sister antek,
mv sister.

imbakna, n., the rennet, see bakna.

imi, his, Matt. 16: 26; 1 Sam. 2: 9.

inmiha, n., a mandate; a nod; a reproof.

inmiha, n., a monitor.

imihaksi, v. a. i., to forget, Matt. 16: 5;
see imahaksi.

imikfetukhak, imikfetuphak, n., the
upper end of the breastbone.

imilayak, n., substance; goods; wares;
merchandise ; an estate ; mammon ; prop
erty.

imilayak chito, a., wealthy.

imilayak iklauo, a., un wealthy.

imilayak isht yopomo, a., extravagant.

imilbik, n., prey; booty; good fortune.

imilhfitukhak, n., the hole or notch
in the breastbone under the windpipe;
his, etc.

imilhlah, v. a. i., to be low-spirited.

imilli, n., a loser at a game.

imilli, n., a loss.

imiskauata, imiskatukli (inf., Judah
Dana), n., the collarbone; his collar
bone.

imissa, v. t., to offer him; to promise
him; to give, Mark 12: 9; Josh. 1:6;
to tender; to bid at an auction; to offer;
to proffer; to propound, John 3: 16 [?] ;
to will, i. e., to devise; ilimissa, to offer
himself; to dedicate himself.

imissa, n., an offerer; one who makes
an offer; a profferer; a propounder; a
testator; an offering; a proffer; a pro
posal; a testament; a will; ilimissa n.,
self-dedication.

imitaklish, n., the breastbone; his
breastbone.

imma, ima, adv., toward, Matt. 12: 49;
hqshi akuchaka imma, Matt. 2: 1, 9; the
way to, Josh. 2: 7. Compounded with
other words, as qbema, upward; ilap-
pimma, this way; akema, downward;
mishema, abroad; beyond; yainmimma,
that way; olema, this way; yqmma
i)iunaka, that way, Matt. 13:28 [?];
pila imma, Acts 28: 14; hnma, v. a. i.

imma, prep., concerning; of; about;
Cliilioica apeliechika imma ya, Luke
4: 43; pqska imma, concerning bread,
Matt. 16: 11; \sJit iinanumpohonHlahe;
okhata nnnta i>ana inla, fiqcJti/nanolila
hinla.

immachi, v. t., 1 John 2: 26.

BTINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

191

immi, pos. pro. or adj. pro., his; her;
hens; its; their; theirs; his own; itimmi,
his and hers; belonging to each other.

immi, n., a title; inheritance, Mark 12:7.

immi, v. n., to possess, Josh. 13: 1; to be
his, hers, etc.; to own, Mark 12: 17;
Matt. 17: 4; immichi, v. cans., and
it immi; liana immi keyu, a., unowned.

immi, n., an owner; an heir, Mark 12: 7;
lord of, Mark 12: 9.

immi, n., right; property in.

immi ikbi, v. t., to entitle.

immi toba, v. a. L, to become his.

immi toba, pp., made his; entitled.

immoshi, see imoshi.

imokato, hoshun aialhto, n., the
bladder.

imoklaya, a., kind; gentle.

imokpulo, n., an injury to him; a loss to
him; imomokpulo, an injury for or to
him; a lameness, etc.

imoksini, n., pudenda mulieris; the
clitoris.

imoksini, seeimosim.

imola, a., lucky; favored; fortunate.

imola, v. n., to be lucky; to have good
luck.

imola, n., good luck; good fortune.

imoma, a., customarily or naturally
small; ofi imoma, a naturally small dog;
hatak imoma. a small man; a dwarf;
see a i imoma.

imoma, pp., inured.

imoma, v. n., to be naturally small.

imoma, v. a. i., to dure, Matt. 13: 21.

imoma, v. a. i., to do thus; asi momali, I
still do so.

imoma, n., a runt; a dwarf.

imomaka, n., an experiment; experi
ence.

imomaka pisa, v. t., to tempt, Matt.
16: 1.

imomaka pisa, n., a tempter, Matt. 4: 3.

imomaka pisa, v. t., to make a trial; to
have a trial; to tempt, Matt. 4: 1; 16: 1 ;
19: 3.

imomakachi, v. t., to make an experi
ment.

imomakat pisa keyu, n., inexperience.

imomachi, imomachi, v. t. caus., to
cause it to be naturally small; to exer
cise; to inure.

imomachi, n., a custom.

imomachi, a., old.

imombalaha, n., her brother-in-law;
i. e., her husband's brother.

imomokpulo, a., lame; halt; deformed
naturally; misshapen, Luke 14:21;
Matt. 11: 5; 15: 30; maimed, Matt. 18: 8.
Perhaps from imonta okpnlo, which
would be a natural injury. See below.

imomokpulo, v. n., to be lame; from imo
ma and okpulo, a long-continued or nat
ural deformity of the limbs.

imomokpulo, n., the lame; the halt; a
deformity; impotency; a monster.

imomokpulo aiasha, n., a lazaretto.

imosana, n., the forehead; the eyebrow;
the brow of the eye.

imosana hishi, n., the foretop; the eye
brow.

imosini, imossini, imoksini, n., a bum
blebee or bumblebee.

imoshatto, imushatto, imoshato, n.,
the womb; her womb, John 3: 4.

imoshi, immoshi, ii., uncle; his uncle;
her uncle; the brother of the mother.

impa, v. t., to eat sundry articles of food
(apa, to eat one article) ; to take food; to
take a meal; to board; to feast; to feed;
to diet; to mess; to regale; to take;
ibaiimpa, to eat with; itibaiimpa, to
eat together with; impa chinka, to eat,
Matt. 14: 16, 20; 15: 37, 38; to feed;
shukha laua kat impa hosh, Matt. 8: 30;
ihimpa, eating, Matt. 11:19; ikimpo, v.
a. i., to fast; ikimpo hosh, Matt. 4: 2;
ikimpo, Matt. 11: 18.

impa, n., an eater; a feaster; itibaiimpa,
n., a messmate.

impa, n., food; victuals; board; enter
tainment.

impa, n., a meal; a feed; a ration; impa
achafa, one feed; one meal; one ration;
a repast.

impa aiyimita, a., voracious.

impa atabli, n., a surfeit.

impa chito, n., a feast; a banquet; a car
nival; a festival.

impa fena, a., voracious.

impa fena, v. n., to be voracious.

impa fena keyu, a., abstemious.

impa fena keyu, v. n., to be abstemious.

impa iskitini, n., a collation; a snack;
a bite; a luncheon; a lunch.

iinpachi, impachi, v. t., to feed; to make
one eat; to cause to eat: to diet; to en
tertain; to feast; to foster.

192

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

impachi, impachi, n., a feeder; a feaster.

impafakchi, n., the crop of a fowl.

impakti, n., the gills of a fowl, or his
gills.

impashia, impashaia, n., the brim of a
hat.

impachi, n., a feast, Gen. 19: 3; 21: 8.

impachi, v. a. i., to feed, Mark 5: 14.

impasha, impashi, n., a gill of a fowl;
his gill or gills; a cock's comb; a crest.

imponaklo, v. t. ; see ponaklo.

imponna, n., skill; craft; cunning; wit;
understanding; faculty; handiness; im
provement; ingenuity; a knack; work
manship.

imponna, n., a master hand; a skillful
person; hacJdmponna, ye know how,
Matt. 7: 11.

imponna, a., pp., skillful; adroit; dexter
ous; ingenious; capable; versed; taught;
skilled; clever; crafty; cunning; expert;
exquisite; fine; gifted; handy; happy;
improved; ripe; sagacious; scientific;
shrewd; sly; smart; talented; ikim-
ponno, a., inexpert; crude; raw; rude;
unexpert; inexperienced; unskilled;
unhandy; unpracticed.

imponna, v. n., to be skillful; to know
how; to understand; anumpuli chim-
ponna, you know how to speak; or, you
are a skillful speaker.

imponna, v. a. i., to excel.

imponna, 11., an adept.

imponna, adv., well.

imponna taha, a., perfect.

imponnat, adv., masterly; shrewdly.

imponnachi, v. t., to teach; to instruct.

imponnachi, n., a teacher.

imposhot infullolichi, v. t., to fringe.

imposhota, n., a fringe.

impota, v. t., to lend; to lend him; to
loan; to farm; to let, to rent; to lease;
lutpota, I lend.

impota, n., a lender; a renter.

impota, n., a lending; a loan.

impota hinla, a., lendable.

[impunsa, v. t., to kiss.— II. S. H.]

impusnakni, n., a woman's relation to
her husband's brothers, uncles, and
nephews.

impunspoa, inpunspoa, to kiss him.
This is the Choctaw word and is better
than inffunksoini. — Thomas Jefferson.
[impunxa, H. S. II.]

impushnayo, n. , the master of an animal;

see pushnayo.

impushnayo iksho, a., unowned,
imuksak, n., the ankle; his ankle,
imuksak foni, n., the ankle bone,
imushatto, see imosliatto.
in, pos. per. pro., 3d per. sing, and pi.

in the n. case before nouns beginning

with cli, I, t, as inchuka, his house;

see im.
in, pre. per pro., 3d per. sing, and pi.

in the dative case before verbs begin
ning with c/i, /, or t, and generally ren
dered with a prep, to or for, etc.; in-

chumpa, to buy of him, or from him.
in, per. pro., 3d per. sing, and pi. in the

iiom. case before some neuter verbs;

imokpulo, he is angry ; alia chintalapi,

you have 5 children; seem,
in, pos. pro., removed from the noun and

placed before the verb, as tanchi chin-

laua or chintanchi at laua.
innakfi, n., her brother.
innakfish, her younger sister; see

imcinni.
innakfish, n., his younger brother; see

nakfish.
innaki, n., his sting; fohkul innaki, nak-

ishwana innaki.
innalapi, n., the gullet; his gullet; the

gorge; the throat.
innasobaksobish, n., muscles near the

groin.
inchahe, n., a spur, the hard-pointed

projection on a cock's leg; his spur;

akavk inchahe, the spur of a rooster;

fakit inchahe, the spur of a turkey,
inchaka, n., the gills or the comb of

domestic fowls.
inchasha, n., rattles; his rattles; sintullo

inchasJia.
inchashwa, n., small of the back, or the

sinews of the small of the back.
inchashwa nipi, n., the loin.
inchuka, 11., his house; his home; see

chuka.
inchunli, inchonli, v. t., to brand, as

men brand cattle or rogues; to stamp;

to embroider; to impress; to imprint; to

seal; to stigmatize; to tattoo, Matt 27:

6<>; Rev. 7: 3.
inchunwa, pp., branded; stamped; sealed;

tattooed, stamped or printed, as calico;

nantanna inchunwa, calico, Rev. 7: 4,

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

193

inchunwa, n., a brand; tile mark made
in branding; an impress; an impres
sion; a stigma; a tattoo; isJit inchunwa,
n., a brand, the instrument used in
branding; a seal, Rev. 7: 2.

inla, a. pro., other; another; else; new,
Matt. 7: 1; inla tohnot, to send others,
Matt. 14: 35.

inla, adv., oddly.

inla, a., strange, Luke 5: 26; queer; for
eign; different; other; any other; some
other; contrary; dissimilar; unwonted;
wrong, as hina inla, the wrong road;
inlayon, another; Matt. 10: 23; inlahon,
another place, Acts 12: 17; marvelous;
odd; quaint; singular; uncouth; inlaka
yato, other; Matt. 13: 8, hatak inla, John
4:38.

inla, n., a change; an innovation; an
oddity; the rest; strangeness.

inla, v. n., to be strange, etc.

inla, v. a. i., to alter; to change; to vary,
as, it alters, it changes, etc. ; aiinlat ia
keyu hoke, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 36; aiinla,
Matt. 17: 2.

inla, pp., changed; altered; inlat taha,
entirely changed.

inla anukcheto keyu, a., independent.

inla fehna, a., marvelous; monstrous.

inla hinla, a., mutable; variable.

inla ikbi, v. t., to transform.

inla ikholbo, v. a. i., to differ.

inla ilahobbi, v. t., to personate.

inla inimi, a., another's.

inla immi kia ahalaia, a., impertinent.

inla shali, a., changeable; addicted to
change; unsteady.

inla toba, v. n., to be converted, etc.

inla toba, n., variance; a variation.

inlahe keyu, a., unalterable; unchange
able.

inlat toba, pp., converted, Matt. 18: 3;
changed; made different; modified;
aiinla toba, transfigured, Matt. 17: 2;
inlat iktobo, a., unconverted.

inlat toba, n., conversion.

inlachi, v. t., to alter; to change; to
make a change or difference; to con
vert; to innovate; to modify; to shift;
to vary; inlanchi, nasal form.

inlachi, 11., one who alters or changes;
a changer; an innovator.

inlat, adv., strangely.

84330°— Bull. 40—15 13

inli, a., self; as ano inli, I myself; ilap
inli, yammak inli, etc.

inli, adv., also, generally used with ak,
as akinli, that also, again, Matt. 4: 7;
akinli, that again; also, Matt. 6:21.

mluhmi, a., fold, the same quantity
added; double, 2 Sam. 24: 3; from inli
and ohmi; inluhmi tuklo, a., twofold, or
double; inluhmi tuchina, a., threefold;
treble; triple; inluhmi tuchinachi, v. t.,
to treble; inluhmi ushta, a., fourfold;
inluhmi talapi, a., fivefold; inluhmi han-
ali, a., sixfold; inlulimi untuklo, a. , seven
fold; inluhmi untuchina, a., eightfold;
inluhmi chakali, a., ninefold; inluhmi
pokoli, a., tenfold; and so of other num
bers, which therefore need not all be
written out.

innuchi, pp., put round the neck, as
beads, necklace, etc.

innuchi, inuchi (q. v. ), n., a neckcloth,
etc.

innosishboya, n., the joint of the neck;
vertebra.

innowa, v. t., to visit; to visit him.

innowa, n., a visitor.

innowa, n., a visit.

inta, exclamation, come; well; now; be
hold, Matt. 10: 16; 13: 3.

intakashi, n., his melt. This is one of
a few common nouns that take dative
pronouns, viz., imiskauata foni, his col
lar bone; fawalwa, pit of his stom
ach; inkolupi, his windpipe.

intakobi, v-. a. i., to lounge.

intakobi, a., lazy; indolent; slothful;
dull, Matt. 13: 15; tired; wearied; idle;
languid; slothful; supine; truant. This
is one of a few words that are now
used only with the dative pronoun, viz.,
inhullo, ima, insanali, imponna, inshali,
imanya.

intakobi, v. n., to be lazy; v. a. i., to
saunter.

intakobi, pp., harassed.

intakobi, n., laziness; sloth; slothfulness;
idleness; indolence; languidness.

intakobi, n., a lounger; a truant.

intakobi, adv., lazily.

intakobichi, intakobechi, v. t., to make
lazy; to tire; to weary; to harass, Luke
18: 5.

intannap, n., the other; the other side,
Luke 6: 29; the reverse.

194

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

intannap, a., off; most distant, as the

offside or off horse.

intek, n., his sister; language proper for
a man. If a woman should say antekma
it would imply that she was a man.
See Matt. 13: 56.
intek aliha, n., the sisterhood,
intek toba, n., his stepsister,
intikba, n., his or her maternal ances
tors; a patriarch,
intikba heka, n., a pilot,
intoksali, n., service.
intola, intula, v. t., to have; to have

something lying by him.
intolahpi, n., a foundation, 1 Tim. 6: 19.
intula, ii., a foundation; underpinning,
intula boli, v. t., to underpin,
inuchechi, v. t., to put a neckcloth, etc.,

upon another.

inuchi, v. t., to put a neckcloth, cravat,
etc., upon one's self; inunchi, nasal
form; see innucld.

inuchi, innuchi, n., a neckcloth; a neck
lace; a shawl; a cravat; a stock; a string
of beads, or anything worn round the
neck, even a strap or collar; a tucker,
inuchi, n., a pawner.
inuchi chinakbi, n., a gorget; a semi
circular breastplate, or a silver neck
covering, such as Choctaw wear,
inuchi foki, v. t., to collar; to put on a

collar.

inuchi lusa, n., a black neckcloth; a
black cravat; a black silk handkerchief.
innukhanklo, n., charity; mercy; com
passion.

innukkilli, see nxkkilli.
innukoa, n., a railer.
inunchi lusa, n., a black stock.
ipaf, n., a dog of any kind; sctpqf, my
dog; chipaf, thy dog; usually spoken of
dogs as belonging to some person; see
ofi.

ipeta, v. t., to minister; to nourish; to
nurture; to serve; to administer, as
medicine; to give; to feed; to present;
to bestow; to foster; to furnish; to im
part, Matt, 6: 11; 10: 42; 14: 19; 15: 2(>;
hasftipetashke, Matt, 14: 1(>; napeta, give
me; issajtcla, you give me; iflipitu, pp.;
ifhnpn ipet.i, \. t., to treat; tpchintd,
Matt. (>: 2(>.

ipeta, n., a giver; a feeder; a nourisher.
ipeta atabli, v. t., to surfeit.

ipetachi, v. t., to give; to marry a
woman, as many things are given as
presents; ohoi/o ipetqchi, to feed.
ipinshik, pishik, n., the teat; the breast;
the nipple; the bag; the dug; the pap;
an udder, Luke 23: 29."
ipo, n., her sister-in-law, i. e., her hus
band's sister; his son's wife,
ipochi, n., his father-in-law; sappochi,

my father-in-law.

ipochi halloka, n., his father-in-law,
the father of his wife; halloka is an
appellative proper only for the son-in-
law and the father-in-law to use; see
haloka.

ipochi itimapa, n., a coachwhip snake.
ipochi ohoyo, n., his mother-in-law, the

mother of his wife.

ipokni, n., his grandmother; his great-
grandmother; her mother-in-law; sah-
pokni or Jiapokni, my grandmother.
ippok, v. n., to be a son-in-law; ont

ippok taiijaha, Luke 20: 31 [?].
ippok, ipok, n., a son-in-law; a daugh
ter-in-law, Matt. 10: 35; a grandchild.
ippok nakni, n., a grandson.
ippok tek, n., a granddaughter.
ippokni, n., grandmother, or his, her,
or their grandmother; a granddam; a
mother-in-law, Matt. 10: 35; appokni,
my grandmother.
inpunspoa, see impunspoa, and in-su^k-

sowa.

is, changed from M, pro. 2d per. sing.,
before active verbs, thou; is appears
before another pronoun, as issanhollo,
issapihinsashke, Luke 1: 38; issapesa,
issathana, etc.; issiaiokpachi, Matt. 4: 9;
8: 21; issiaiamashke, give me, Matt. 14: 8.
isakshup, isihakshup, n., a deerskin.
isapuntak, ishapuntak, n., a mosqui
to or muskito.
isapuntak inchuka, n., mosquito bars;

bed curtains.

insannih, to meet with; to come against
on a road, as a hunter meets a deer;
fasannali; insannant ct^i/a.
isi, issi, n., a deer.
isi anowa, 11., a deer's track,
isi abi, isabi, n., one who kills venison;

a hunter.

isi chito, n., an elk.
isi chito nakni, n., a hart.

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXGUACJE

195

isi chufakni, n., a spike buck; a buck
about two years of age.

isi folaktuli, n., a forked-horn deer,
more than two years old.

isi hakshup, see, isakshitp.

isi humma tek, n., a hind.

isi intakkonlushi, n., a species of wild
plum.

isi kosoma, n., a goat; a fetid deer;
a chamois.

isi kosoma nakni, n., a he- goat; a
buck.

isi kosoma nukshopa, n., the ibex.

isi kosoma tek, n., the female goat; a
she-goat.

isi kosomushi, n., a kid.

isi kosom.ushich.eli, v. t., to kid.

isi lahpitta, n., a stag; a full-horned
buck.

isi lapish nlamminchi, n., trochings;
the small branches on the top of a
deer's head.

isi nakni, n., a buck.

isi nakni afammi tu, china, n., a sorrel;
a buck of the third year.

isi nakni hakshup, n., a buck's skin.

isi nakni humma, n., a stag.

isi nakni lapish falaktuchi, n. , apricket;
a buck in his second year.

isi nia, n., deer's tallow.

isi nia pichelichi, n., name of a bird
called the whistling plover.

isi nipi, n., venison.

isi tek, n., a doe.

isi ushi, isushi, n., a fawn; a young
deer.

isi ushi cheli, v. t., to fawn.

isikkopa, issikkopa, n., torment; dis
tress; misery.

isikkopa, issikkopa, pp., tormented;
accursed; cursed; punished; racked,
Matt, 4: 24; 8: 6; 15: 22.

isikkopa, a., miserable.

isikkopalechi, v. t, and cans., to tor
ment; to cause torment.

isikkopalechi, n., a tormentor.

isikkopali, v. t., to distress; to torment
to chasten; to chastise; to curse; to
punish; to rack; to persecute, Matt.
10: 23; isht -mitt-opal t, tribulation, Matt,
13: 21; ttisikkopali, to torment oneself.

isikkopali, n., a tormentor; torment;
ilisikkopali, a self-tormentor; self-tor
ment.

isikkopalit abi, v. t., to massacre,
isikkopalit abi, n., a massacre,
isikkopalit pelichi, v. t, to tyrannize.
isikopa, v. t., v. a. i., to cram; to <*lut-

tonize.

isikopa, n., a glutton; debauchery.
isikopa, a., gluttonous; v. n., to be glut
tonous.

isikopa shah, a., gluttonous to excess.
isikopa shali, n., a great glutton; a

voluptuary.

isikopali, v. t., to raven,
isikopali, a., ravenous.
isiminlusak, n., the devil's shoestring

(a plant),
isito, n., a pumpkin; a squash; a pom-

pion.

isito api, n., a pumpkin vine.
isito holba, n., a squash.
isito honni, n., cooked pumpkin; stewed

pumpkin,
isito ibish, n., the end of the pumpkin

where the stem grows.
isito ikfuka, n., the meat part of the

pumpkin,
isito lakna, n., a yellow pumpkin; a

ripe pumpkin.

isito sala, n., a hard-shelled pumpkin.
iskali, n. (from escalin), a dime; a nine-
pence; a bit; a 12£-cent piece of money;

a drachm; a penny, Mark 12: 15.
iskali achaf a, n., a ninepence; one bit.
iskatani, a., small,
iskatani, v. n., to be small.
iskatanichi, v. t. caus., to make small;

to lessen; to retrench.
iskatanusi, a., very small; quite small,
iskatanusi, v. n., to be very small,
iskatinosi, adj., smallish, Matt. 7: 13;

na hisJiunluk iskatinosi, a mote, Matt.

7: 3, 4.

iskif a , iskinf a (Longtown form) , n. , an ax.
iskifa ahalupa, n., the edge of an ax.
iskif a chiluk, n., the eye of an ax.
iskifa chushak, n., the head of an ax.
iskifa halupa, n., a sharp ax.
iskifa nishkin, n., the eye of an ax.
iskifa nushkobo, n., the head of an ax.
iskifa patha,n., a broad ax; a carpenter's

ax.
iskifa ulhpi, iskif aiulhpi, n., an ax

helve.

iskifa wishakchi, n., the bit of an ax.
iskifapi, n., an ax helve.

196

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

iskifushi, n., a hatchet; a tomahawk.

iskifushi isht chanli,v.t., to tomahawk.

iskitini, iskitani, a. sing., small; little,
Matt. 18: 2; diminutive; paltry; petty;
puny; scanty; acute or high as to sound;
line, in music; chipuntapl. Some Choc-
taw use the word chaha.

iskitini, v. n., to be small, Matt. 13: 32.

iskitini, pp., lessened; made small; di
minished; extenuated; reduced.

iskitini, n., smallness; littleness; a high
key; little; a small quantity.

iskitini, adv., little.

iskitini chohmi, a., smallish.

iskitinichi, v. t., to lessen; to make
small; to pitch too high, as a sound in
music; to diminish; to extenuate; to
narrows to reduce; to scrimp. Some
say chahachi.

iskitinisi, iskitinesi, iskitinusi, a.,
small; smallish, John 2: 15[?]; quite
small; also adv., chiskitinesi, 1 Sam. 15:
71.

iskitinisi, iskitinusi, v. n., to be small.

iskitinisi, iskitinusi, n., a jot; a small
quantity; a particle; a whit.

iskuna, n., the bowels; the entrails; the
intestines; the guts; the inwards; the
core; the heart; the pith; tripe; viscera;
the heart of a tree in distinction from
the bark and sap.

iskuna kucha, pp., emboweled; gutted;
ruptured; eviscerated.

iskuna kucha, n., a rupture.

iskuna kuchi, v. t., to embowel; to gut;
to rupture; to viscerate; to eviscerate.

iskuna laua, a., pithy.

iso, n., offspring; son; a child; saso, my
son; a son, Mark 12: 6; Matt. 3: 17;
nshi is the word most in use for son,
etc., in the 3d person, saso ma, my
son, Matt. 9:2.

iso nakni, n., a son; a male child; see
alia nakni.

iso tek, n., a daughter; xeeodietik.

issa, v. t,, v. a. i., to quit; to leave; to
forsake; to renounce; to abandon; to
stop, Luke 5: 4; to abdicate; to cede; to
end, Luke 4:13; to cease; to come off;
to depart; to desert; to discontinue; to
expire; to fail; to flinch; to forego; to
give; to halt; to hush; to knuckle; to
part; to pause; to recant; to reject; to
release; to relinquish; to remit; to re

sign; to rest; to revolt; to secede; to
stanch; to vacate; to void to; waive; to
yield; sassa, to leave me; iesa, pro.
form.

issa, exclam., hush; quit, etc.

issa, n., a forsaker; one who quits; a
leaver; a turncoat.

issa, n., a cessation; a desertion; a quit
ting; abdication; a departure; a re
lease; a remission; a render; a resig
nation; a stop.

issa, pp., deserted; forsaken; abolished;
abdicated; stanched; vacated; yielded.

issa, a., extinct; quit.

issan, thou-me; issankaxhofahinlqshke,
Matt. 8: 2; issanmihashke, bid me, Matt.
14: 28; haklol issa, Matt. 15: 12; issat ia,
to leave, Matt. 16: 4; Josh. 6: 8.

issa htnla, a., expirable.

issahe keyu ikbi, v. t., to immortalize.

issachechi, v. t., caus., to cause to abol
ish.

issachi, v. t., to abolish; to arrest; to
cease; to discharge; to dismiss; to
abandon; to cause to quit, etc. ; to check ;
to decide; to discharge; to free; to
discontinue; to intermit; to stanch; to
stifle; to still; to stop; to suppress; to
stay, 2 Sam. 24: 16.

issachi, n., an abolisher, etc.; one who
discharges, dismisses, etc.; a check; a
stopper.

issap, n., a louse; lice.

issap isht albi, n., a louse trap; a line
comb; an ivory comb.

issap laua, issap inlaua, a., lousy;
swarming with lice; or he is lousy.

issap laua, issap inlaua, v. n., to be
lousy.

issap h'keli, a., lousy.

issap nihi, n., a nit; the seed of a louse.

issi, see isi.

issi, thou-me, Matt. 14: 8.

issi okla issa, n., a traitor.

issikkopa, see isikkop(t; tormented, Matt.
8:6; to suffer, Matt. 17: 12, 15.

issimallunsak, see imallunsak.

issish, n., blood; gore, Matt. 16: 17;
•hnissish, his blood, Josh. 2: 19.

issish akshish, n., veins; blood vessels;
arteries.

issish bano, a., bloody; all blood;
sanguinary.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

197

issish bano, v. n., to be bloody; issish

banocld, to make all bloody; to bloody,
issish bieka, a., bloody.
issish hanta, 11., sacred blood,
issish hoeta, v. 11., to puke blood; to

vomit blood.

issish hoeta, n., a vomiting of blood.,
issish inhina, n., a blood vessel; a vein;

an artery,
issish inhina chito ikonla bachaya, n. ,

the jugular vein.

issish inhina lumpli, v. t., to bleed,
issish inhina lumpli, n., venesection,
issish ikfia, n., a dysentery.
issish ikfia, a., sick with the dysentery.
issish ikfia, v. n., to be sick with the

dysentery.

issish iklanna, n., half blood,
issish inkucha, pp., bled; blood taken

from him.
issish inkuchi, v. t., to take blood; to

let blood; to bleed him; to take out his

blood.

issish inkuchi, n., one who bleeds,
issish inkuchi, n., venesection,
issish inchito, a., plethoric; full of blood;

lit., his blood is large,
issish inchito, v. n., to be plethoric,
issish inchito, n., plethora,
issish inlaua, v. n., to be plethoric,
issish inlaua, n., plethora,
issish isht kuchi, n., a fleam; a lancet,
issish isht okchaya, n., lifeblood.
issish kucha, v. a. i., to bleed.
issish laksha, n., a bloody sweat,
issish laksha, v. n., to sweat blood.
issish laua, a., sanguinary; sanguine.
issish minti, v. a. i. , to bleed,
issish mitafa, v. a. i., to bleed,
issish mitaf a, n., a bleeding; a hem
orrhage,
issish mitam, v. t., to press out blood;

to bleed; to cause to bleed,
issish walakachi, n., a clot of blood;

clotted blood.
isso, v. t., sing., to smite; to strike; to

beat; to bunt; to bump; to cuff; to hit;

to jostle; to knock; to lay, as to lay on a

blow; to pelt; to pound; to touch;

aiihinso, beat upon, Matt. 7: 25; issot

kanchi, Josh. 8: 22; chik aiisxo, Matt.

4: 6; sasso, to strike me, or he strikes

me; aiisso, v. t., to hit; itaiisso, to smite

each other; to clash; to collide; to hit
each other; to hitch; to interfere, as a
horse; isJit diisso, v. t., to stand.

isso, n., a striker; a smiter; a knocker;
a pelter.

isso, n., a blow; a stroke; a beat; a bump;
a lick; a dent; a hit; a slam; a touch; a
trip; itaiisso, n., a clash; a collision.

issochi, v. t. , to cause to strike; itaiissochi,
to cause to strike each other; to clash;
to overreach, as a horse.

issot falama, v. a. i., to rebound.

issot kanchi, v. t., to destroy, 2 Sam.
24: 16.

isuba, issuba, n., derived from isi holba,
as some say; a horse; a steed; a nag; a
courser; a pony; a hobby.

isuba ahalalli, n., a swingtree; a swingle-
tree; a whippletree; a whiffletree.

isuba aiimpa, n., a horse range; a horse
pasture; any place for feeding horses;
a stall.

isuba aiimpa foki, v. t., to stall.

isuba aiimpa peni, n., a manger; a horse-
trough; a crib, Luke 2: 7.

isuba aiitanowa, n., a horse range; the
place where horses ramble.

isuba aiitintimiya, n., the turf; a race
ground.

isuba aiomanili itanowa,n., aspurway.

isuba akucha, n., a horse ford; a horse
pass.

isuba alopulli, n., a horse ford; a horse

isuba apa, n., oats.

isuba basoa, n., a zebra.

isuba bokboki, n., a roan horse.

isuba fochunli, n., the dandruff of a
horse.

isuba foka sit a, isuba iffuka, n., a sur
cingle.

isuba haksobish falaia, n., a mule; an
ass; a donkey, 1 Kings 10: 25.

isuba haksobish falaia nakni, n., a
jackass; a male donkey.

isuba halalli, n., a draft horse.

isuba hioli achafa, n., a horse team.

isuba hishi, n., horsehair; the short hair
of a horse.

isuba hobak, n., a gelding.

isuba hunkupa, n., a horsethief.

isuba inhina, n., a horse way; a bridle
path; a spurway.

]98

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40,

isuba ikonla isht talakchi, 11., a throat-

latch; a martingale,
isuba ilafia, n., a handsome horse,
isuba imalikchi, n., a farrier; one who

professes to cure the diseases of horses,
isuba imbita, n., the headband or strap

of a bridle; the ear band of a bridle,
isuba imilhpak, n., feed; horse feed,
isuba imponolo, n., a long halter; a long

horse rope.

isuba inchahe, n., a plow,
isuba inchuka, n., a stable,
isuba inchuka fohki, v. t., to stable; to

put into a stable,
isuba intintimia, n., a racehorse; one

that races.

isuba inuchi, n., a horse bell; a bell col
lar; a horse collar.
isuba inuchi anunkaka takali, n., a

clapper.
isuba inuchi ikbi, n., a bell founder; a

bell maker.

isuba inpeni, n., a ferryboat for horses.
isuba iskitini, n., a small horse; a pony;

a nag.
isuba ishke, n., a breeding mare; an old

mare; lit., a mother horse.
isuba isht fama, isuba ishit fama, n.,

a horsewhip.
isuba isht fullota, n., a leading line;

a long rein used in guiding a plow

horse.
isuba isht halalli, n., the gear of a horse;

the tackle of a horse.
isuba isht halalli fohki, v. t., to gear;

to put the gears on a horse.
isuba isht inshilli, 11., a currycomb.
isuba isht pilesa, n., the gear of a horse;

horse gear; horse tackling; harness,
isuba isht shali, n., traces fora horse,
isuba isht toksali, n., harness for a

horse; gear for a horse.
isuba inshulush, n., a horseshoe,
isuba itatoba, n., a jockey; a horse

jockey; a horse trader,
isuba itichapa, n., a span of horses.
isuba itikapali, n., the bit of a bridle.
isuba itintiniia, n., a horserace.
isuba itintiniia, v. a. i., to run in a

race, as horses; to race.
isuba iyakchush, n., the hoof of a horse.
isuba iyakchush isht bashli, n., a but
tress.
isuba iyi hislii, n., the fetlock.

isuba iyi isht talakchi, isubiyi isht
intalakchi, n., a horse fetter; a horse
hobble; a hobble, a name in use in the
Southwest.

isuba iyi tali iyi lapalichi, n., a farrier;
a horseshoer.

isuba iyi tali lapali, n., a horseshoe.

isuba iyi tali lapalichi, v. t. , to shoe a
horse.

isuba kanchi, n., a horse dealer.

isuba kapali, n., a bridle.

isuba kapali isht talakchi, n., bridle
reins.

isuba kapali kapalichi, v. t., to bridle
a horse.

isuba kostininchi, n., a horse-breaker.

isuba liposhi, n., a jade.

isuba nakni, n., a male horse; a stal
lion; a stone horse; a seed horse; a
studhorse.

isuba nashoba, n., an ass; a mule; a
donkey.

isuba nashoba nakni, n., a jackass.

isuba nali, n., horseback; the back of a
horse.

isuba omanili, isuba ombinili, n. , horse
back; a horseman; a rider, 1 Kings
10: 26.

isuba omanili tashka, n., a light-horse
man; a dragoon; a hussar; light horse;
a trooper.

isuba omanili tashka anha, n., cav
alry; a company of light-horse men.

isuba ontala tashka, n., a light-horse
man; a dragoon.

isuba shali achafa, n., a horse load.

isuba shapo shali, n., a sumpter; a
baggage horse; a pack horse.

isuba shapulechi, v. t., to pack a horse;
to load a horse.

isuba shapuli, n., a led horse; a sump
ter; a baggage horse; a pack horse.

isuba shinimpa, n., a courser.

isuba tanchi fotoli, n., a horse mill.

isuba tansh fotoli, n., a mill horse.

isuba tek, n., a mare.

isuba tek himmita, n., a filly.

isuba tikba heli, n., the fore horse.

isuba toksali, n., a draft horse; a hack
ney.

isuba umpatalhpo, n., a saddle.

isuba umpatalhpo akama, pp., unsad
dled.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW

199

isuba umpatalhpo alata, n., a saddle
pad.

isuba um.patalb.po ashapuli, n., a pack
saddle.

isuba umpatalhpo falakto, n. , a side
saddle.

isuba um.patalb.po haksobish, n., a sad
dle skirt.

isuba umpatalhpo ikbi, n., a saddler;
a saddle maker.

isuba umpatalhpo nushkobo, n., the
pommel of a saddle.

isuba umpatalhpo onlipa nan tanna,
n., housing.

isuba umpatalhpo patali, v. t., to sad
dle.

isubiyi isht intalakchi, see isuba iyi
id it talakclii.

isubushi, n., a colt; a foal.

isubushi cheli, v. t., to foal; to colt.

insunksowa,inpunspoa,v. t., to kiss him.

isunlash, n., the tongue; the instrument
of taste and the chief instrument of
speech; a neap or the pole of a cart.

isunlash chulata, a., double-tongued;
false.

isunlash illi, a. , tongue-tied.

isunlash illi, v. n., to be tongue-tied.

isunlash illi, v. a. i., to stutter; to lisp.

isunlash illi, n. , a stutterer.

isunlash tuklo, a., double-tongued;
false; two-tongued.

isunlash ushi, n. , the palate.

isushi, n., a fawn; a young deer. It is
said by old hunters that dogs can not
smell the track of a young fawn while
it remains spotted; see isi ushi.

ish, per. pro., pre. to active verbs, thou,
nom. case, as ishia, thou goest; is be
fore sam and san, thou-me, thou for me
or to me; issama, thou give me; issan-
nukhaklo, thou pity me; thou, Matt.
17: 27. Used also, as a possessive, thy,
thine; thy prayers, etc. Acts 10: 4.

ish, a conj., used with li, I; as m/tWt, I
go and; also cf. akithanokish; one vowel
is dropped, as is common where two
thus come together; cf. ah and cha.

ishahe keyu, a., inadmissible; unattain
able.

ishahpi (from idii and cthpi], 11., iirst
born; see Matt, 1: 25.

inshah't ia, v. a. i., to grow; to increase;
to enlarge; to rise; to wax.

inshaht isht ia, v. t., to increase;; to
swell.

inshaht taha, pp., made greatest; ren
dered greatest, etc.

inshaht tah', a., greatest; largest; high
est; sign of the sup. deg. of comp. ; su
perlative.

inshaht tali, v. n., to be greatest.

inshalakli, a., being a little more; a lit
tle larger.

inshalechi, see ishalichi.

inshalechichi, v. t. caus., to cause to ex
ceed; to dominate; to enhance.

inshali, a., superior; better; surpassing;
sign of the comparative degree of
comp.; above; greater; inshali feJtna,
extreme; dominant; main; major; more;
predominant ; prevalent ; principal ;
sovereign; supereminent ; greater,
John. 1: 50.

inshali, v. n. , to be superior; to be greater;
to exceed, Josh. 4: 24; Matt. 5: 20; 6:
25; 11: 22, 24; iminshal!, to prefer;
chiminshali, better for thee; inshashuli,
pi., foshaiyali, pro., in iminshaiyali ; isJit
inshali v. a. i., to increase, John 3: 30,
Matt. 12: 12, to outgo; nanta isJit inshala
heto; isht inshalechi, v. t., to cause to
increase; to aggravate; to increase; isJit
in-shat isht ia, v. a. i., to increase; to
thrive; pp., increased; inht inshat ma-
haya, v. a. i., to progress.

inshali, v. a. i., to exceed; to be greater;
John 4: 12; to prevail; to wax; imin-
shali, v. t., to prefer.

inshali, n., a superior; a lord; the main
body; a majority; a master, Matt. 6: 24;
sir; rabbi.

inshali, adv., mainly; more; supremely.

inshali bano, a., paramount.

inshali banna, a., emulous; wishing to
excel.

inshali banna, v. n., to be emulous.

inshali banna, v. t., to emulate.

inshali banna, 11., an emulator.

inshali hatak, n., a principal; a chief
man.

inshali imanumpa, 11., an embasssy;
embassage.

inshali imanumpa isht anya, n., an
express.

inshali imanumpeshi, n., an ambas
sador; an envoy.

200

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

inshali nan isht imatta, n., a minister;
a servant.

ishalichi, iashalihchi, i^shalechi, v. t.,
to exceed; to surpass; to cause to ex
ceed; to excel; to master; to outdo; to
predominate; to subdue; to top; to do
much more, Matt. 7: 11.

inshalihchi, see ishalichi.

inshalit okpulo, v. a. i., to be made
worse, Matt. 9: 16.

ishapuntak, see ixapuntak.

ishbi, v. t. irreg., 2d per. sing., from qbi,
thou killest. The first vowel of the
verb all is dropped, and so of qpa, qla,
qino.

ishhinsh, see ikhinsJi.

ishi, eshi, v. t., to take; to hold; to get;
to seize; to apprehend; to draft; to draw;
to embrace; to entertain; to gain; to
grab; to grasp; to harbor; to cover,
as the floor; to bear children, as a
woman, 1 Sam. 2: 21; covered the hills,
Ch. "VV., p. 18, to assume; to attach; to
come by; to receive, Matt. 10: 41; 14:
20; isliwa, pi. of ishi; inslci, inhinshi, hav
ing, holding, etc.; isht holisso han in-
shili, I am holding the pen; ieshi, pro.,
to keep, 1 Sam, 7: 1; Matt. 5: 23; chin-
shachi, shall hold thee, Luke 4: 10; ieshi,
to draw (the sword), 2 Sam. 24: 9;
sunshi, John 6: 56; ieshichi, to make; to
inherit, 1 Sam. 2: 8; itishi, to take to
gether; to take each other; to wrestle;
ilait inshi, to take unto himself, as to take
an evil spirit, John 8: 48, 52; ilaieshi,
to have, Matt. 11: 18; 15: 30; 16: 27; eahi,
to travail, 1 Sam. 4: 19; imaiishi, to dis
possess him; to unfurnish him; -fashi,
to keep back; imixhi, to wrest; hatak
imi8hi,\.t., to unman: aiishi, to unhinge;
to take off as a saddle; to unsaddle; to
divest; to take away, Matt. 5: 40; 7:4;
13: 20, 22, 23; to imbibe; to include; to
keep; to maintain; to obtain; to partake;
to preserve; to procure; to receive;
to touch; to twine; to vest.

ishi, i^sni, n., a taker; a sei/er; a holder;
a maintainer; an obtainer; a partaker;
a receiver; a winner.

ishi, n., a grasp; a hold; a holding; an
occupation; a possession; a receipt; re
ception; a taking; a touch; a winning.

ishi, a., engaging; captivating.

inshi, v. t., to have; to hold; to occupy;
to keep; to own; to pro vide; to reserve;
to restrain; to retain; to steady; to win;
to have, Matt. 13: 12; 15: 34; Acts 5: 2,
3; ikeshoj to refuse; ikeshot a., unac
cepted; not taken; uncollected; unre-
ceived; untaken; ihinshi, Matt. 11: 12;
fohinsht ia, to go to catch or take.

inshi, n., a reservation; a reserve.

inshi, n., an occupier; an owner.

inshikalla, see shikqlla.

ishit, see isht.

ishit fohki, v. t., to take and put in; to
betray, Matt. 17: 22; ishahe keyu, a.,
unrecoverable.

ishit tiwa, see isht tiwa.

ishkanapa, isht kanapa, a., casual; ac
cidental, Luke 10: 36.

ishkanapa, v. n., to be casual or acci
dental; to happen, as an injury; sqsh-
kangpa, I met with an accident.

ishkanapa, n., an accident; a casualty; a
disaster; an ill.

ishkanapachi, v. t., to jeopard, 2 Sam.
23: 17.

ishke, shke, oshke, ashke, a particle
used at the end of sentences and suf
fixed to the last word to give a little
more strength and dignity to the style,
being much used in solemn style. It
may be regarded as an intensitive hav
ing the force of do in English, but is a
more dignified expression than do.
Generally suffixed to verbs or to words
where a verb is understood, or an ad
verb, as it closes a sentence or a period,
which requires a verb to compose it.
The final vowel of the verb is generally
retained, except that a becomes a and
e is changed to i before shke.

ishki, n., a mother; a dam; also his
mother, her mother, their mother. The
sisters of a mother are called idtkl also.
Matt. 2: 11, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21; 8: 14; 10:
35; 12: 46; 13: 55; liashke, my mother,
Matt. 12: 48, 49, 50.

ishki ahalaia, a., maternal.

ishki abi, n., a matricide.

ishki imanumpa, n., mother tongue;
his mother's language.

ishki toba, n., a stepmother; also an aunt
who is sister to the mother; a step dame.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

201

ishkinsh, ikhi^sh (q. v.), ithi»sh,ok-

hinsh, ishhinsh; n., medicine; ikhinsh

is the most common word.
ishkitini, n., an owl; a large night owl;

the horned owl.
ishko, v. t., v. a. i., to drink, Matt. 6: 31;

to imbibe; to partake; to sup; to take,

ikishko, Matt. 11: 18; ihfoshko, drinking,

Matt. 11: 19.

ishko, n., drink; a draft; a potation.
ishko, n., a drinker; a partaker.
ishko achafa, n., a dram; a drink; one

draft; a dose; a drench; apotion.
ishko achafa ikbit itakashkuli, v. t.,

to dose; to prepare doses.
ishko chito, n,, a large draft; a swig,
ishko fena, v. t., to booze; to drink

deeply.

ishko fena, P., a hard drinker,
ishko fena keyu, a., abstemious.
ishko hinla, a., potable.
ishko shali, n., a great drinker, Matt.

11: 19.
ishkochechi, v. t, to drench; to give

drink; to cause to drink; to dose, to

administer liquid medicines; oka ish-

kochechitok, 1 Sam. 30: 11.
ishkochechit nusechi, n., an opiate

administered.

ishkot hoeta, n., an emetic,
ishkot ikfia, n., a cathartic,
ishkot ikpeso, a., untasted.
ishkot nusi, n., an opiate.
ishkot pisa,v. t., to taste; to try to drink,
ishkot tad, v. t., v. a. i., to drink up; to

drink it all; to drink off.
ishla, v. t. irreg., 2d per. sing., from ala;

thou arrivest.
ishmo, v. t. irreg., 2d per sing., from

amo, thou pickest.
ishpa, v. t. irreg., 2d per. sing., from

apa, thou eatest.
Ishpani, a., Spanish; n., Spain.
Ishpani hatak, n., a Spaniard.
Ishpani okla, n., Spaniards; Spanish

people.
Ishpani yakni, n., the Spanish country;

Spain.
isht, ishit, formed from ishi and t, to take

and insht igt, Matt. 8: 4, from fashi, take

and iat, go. This is an abbreviated

mode of speaking. This word is much

used: (1) as a preposition, with, for,

on account of, concerning, and in this

way indicates the cause, manner, or
instrument by which some action
takes place, as isJtt cJianli, to chop
with; isht abeka, to be sick with; isht
aimmpuli, to talk about; islt Jiachin-
mihachahe, shall condemn you with,
Matt. 7: 2; isht hachimalhpisahe; ishit
saholitobli, to honor me with; isht
imaholitopa, Matt. 11: 19, 20; nan
isht amihachi, to upbraid for; isJtt a, of;
by; therewith; thereby; by means, of;
by whom, Matt. 18: 7, 13; isht at, Matt.
18: 16: (2) when combined with a verb
it gives it a new form, and indeed makes
it a compound word, as minti, to come;
isht minti, to bring, or take it and start
or come; ia, to go; isht ia, to carry, or
take it and go; aba, to arrive; isJit qla,
to bring or take it and come: (3) it is
used to make verbal nouns, i. e., nouns
derived from verbs, as ishko, to drink;
isht ishko, a cup; talakchi, to be tied; isht
talakchi, a string; a tether: (4) it is used
to express all the ordinal numbers ex
cept the first four, 1, 2, 3, 4; isJit talapi,
the fifth; isht hanali, the sixth; isM
aiushta, fourth, is also used: (5) used
with a v. a. i. it makes it v. t. ; yaiya, to
cry; isht yaiya, to cry about it or him
(this may be classed also under sec. 1):
(6) means, cause, or instrument; with;
by means of, etc.; thereby; therewith;
thereat; therein; isht a, means and
source; by means of; isJit aholitopa, be
come rich by means of.

isht abahchakli, n., a spoon (old name);
isht impa is a better word.

isht abeka, n., infection; cause of sick
ness.

isht abeka, v. n., to be sick with.

isht abekachi, v. t., to infect by means
of it; to make sick with it.

isht abiha, n., the string or cord used in
stretching hides when hung up to dry.

isht aboli, n., a small ball playground
for practice.

isht achunli, n., a needle; a sewing
needle; an awl; any sewing instrument.

isht afacha, n., a latch; a button to a
door; a fastener; a hasp.

isht afana, n., a pry; a lever; a hand
spike.

isht afekomi, see ishtafekommi.

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[BULL.. 46

isht afikomi (see isht qfekommi}; pro.

form, ixht afekoyioni.
isht afinni, n., a lever,
isht afoli, v. t., to shroud; to wrap

round with it.

isht ahabli, n., the strap used by shoe
makers to bind the shoe to their knees,

etc.
isht ahalaia, n., a care; a concern; an

interest.

isht ahalaia, a., responsible,
isht ahama, n., ointment; unction;

unguent.

isht ahauchi, n., avails; profits,
isht ahbichakali, a., nineteenth,
isht ahbichakaliha, adv., nineteenth

time.

isht ahchifa, n., soap; a lotion,
isht ahchifa apokpokechi, n., a lather

box.
isht ahchifa balama, n., castile soap;

scented soap,
isht ahchifa kallo, n., bar soap; hard

soap.
isht ahchifa nashuka ahammi, n.,

lather for shaving the beard,
isht ahchifa onlali, v. t., to soap,
isht ahchifa pokpoki, n., soapsuds;

suds.

isht ahobachi, n. , a pattern,
isht ahofahya, n., reproach, Josh. 5: 9.
isht aholitopa, n., the glory, Matt. 6: 13;

16:27.
isht ahollo, v. t., to perform a miracle,

John 4: 54; to witch,
isht ahollo, a., magnificent; majestic.
isht ahollo, n., one who performs mira
cles; a wonderful being; a witch; a

demoniac; a sorcerer,
isht ahollo, n., a miracle, John 2: 11; see

di.isJtt aliollo, conjuration; witchcraft,
isht ahollo ilahobi, isht ahullo ila-

hobbi, v. a. i., to juggle; to conjure; to

pretend to witchcraft,
isht ahollo ilahobi, n., a juggler,
isht ahullochika, a., clean; ceremoni
ously clean or religiously clean; see

Gen. 8: 20.

isht aianli, n., evidence,
isht aialhpisa, n., a sign, Matt. 10: 3.
isht aiilbasha, n., adversity.
isht aiinpalammi, n., a cursing; a

curse, Josh. 8; 34.

isht aiokpachi, n., an oblation; an offer
ing; a salute; a sacrifice or gift, Matt.
23: 19; a treater.

isht aiopi, a., the last; the youngest;
the least, Matt. 2: 6; extreme; final;
ultimate; ont isht aiopi, finally, Matt.
5:26.

isht aiopi, isht aiyopi, v. n., to be the
last, Matt. 12: 45; ont imisld aiyopikmqt,
in the end of, Matt. 13: 40, 49.

isht aiopi, n., the last one; the one who
is last; conclusion; finis; the hindmost;
the rear; the upshot; utmost.

isht aiopi, adv., last; ultimately; utter
most.

isht aiopi aiokpaphi, n. , a valediction.

isht aiopi anya, n., rearward.

isht aiopichi, v. t. cans., to make it
last; to close; to make an end.

isht aiukli, n., an ornament; an em
bellishment; garniture.

isht aiuklichi, v. t., to ornament with.

isht aiunchululli, n., ageneration, Luke
3: 7; Matt. 1: 1; a tribe, Rev. 7: 4.

isht aiushta, a., fourth, Matt. 14: 25.

isht aiushta, v. n., to be the fourth.

isht aiyopi, see isht aiopi.

isht akama, n., a stopple.

isht akamassa, n., a buckle; a button;
a brooch; paste; putty; a seal; sealing
wax; a tache, Ex. 26: 6.

isht akamassachi, n., a latch; a but
ton; a buckle.

isht akamassalli,n., a buckle; a button;
a fastener.

isht akanohmechi. v. t, to cause mis
chief; to seduce, 1 John 2: 26.

isht akanohmi, a., mischievous; com
pounded of isht, a., and kanohmi or
kaniohmi, to do somehow.

isht akanohmi, v. n., to be mischievous.

isht akashofa, n., a remission.

isht akmo, n., solder.

isht akostininchi, n., sense.

isht alampko, n., strength.

isht alepulli, isht alopulli, n.,a brooch;
a breastpin.

isht alopulli, see isltt qlopuUl.

isht amalichi, n., a fan, Luke 3: 17.

isht amiha, n., an excuse; a put off.

isht amiha iksho, a., groundless; with
out excuse.

isht anchaha, n., j taint.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

203

isht aniwilali, n., a sty; a sore on the
eyelid. [I do not recognize this
word.— H. S. H.]

isht anoli, n., record, John 1: 19.

isht anowa, isht anonowa, cause of
fame; means or occasion of fame.

isht anta, v. t., to do; to be busy with;
to be employed about; nan isht anta, n.,
employment.

isht anta, n., occupation.

isht anukfokat alota, a., filled writh,
Luke 4: 1.

isht anukhanklo, n., adversity; cause
of sorrow.

isht anumpa, n., a description; an
account of; a narrative; a dissertation;
praise: also, about (lit., a word about
it); a commentary; an intercession.

isht anumpuli, n., a lauder; a praiser;
a treater; a commentator; a commen
tary; a debater; an intercessor; an en
comium; an intercession.

isht anumpulit holissochi, isht an-
umpat holisso, n., a memoir.

isht apakfoa, n., a bandage.

isht apesa, n., a compass; a gage.

isht apunf achi, n. , a blowrpipe.

isht ashana, n., a screw; a lock; a stock
lock.

isht atakalama chito, n., vexatious.

isht ataklama, n., a hindrance; a cause
of delay; a disadvantage; a restraint.

isht atapachi, see isht atatetpachi.

isht ataya, n., posterity; chisht atayaka,
yakniilappa chimaUkma, Gen. 48: 4.

isht atia, n., a race; a descent; a breed;
a stock; an extraction.

isht atiaka, n., a clan; fruit; a house;
lineage; pedigree; progeny; a stock;
offspring; pi si it atiaka, our offspring;
generation, Matt. 3: 7; tribe, Josh. 1:
12; 3: 12; 4: 12; 7: 16, 17.

isht atiaka, a., cognate (a descendant).

isht atiaka keyu, a., unrelated.

isht atokowa, n., a sign, Matt. 24: 3;
John 4: 48.

isht auahchafa, a., the llth; isJtt auah-
tvklo, a., the 12th; isht auahtuchina,
a., the 13th, and so of other numbers
up to 18th; Isht auahuntuchina, a., eight
eenth; 18th; I si it auahchafahaha, adv.,
eleventh time; ixht auahtuklolia, adv.,
twelfth time, etc.; ixht auahtalapiha,
fifteenth time, and so of other numbers.

isht auechi, n., a sender; one who
sends.

isht anya, n., a driver; a carrier; a con-

. ductor; a teamster.

isht anya, n., a conveyance.

isht a»ya shaH, n., a carrier; " to take
and carry along."

isht afekommi, n., mischief; obstinacy.

isht afekommi, isht afekomi, isht
afekoma, a., troublesome; baleful;
forward;. mischievous; peevish; pesti
lent; petulant; plaguy; refractory; rest
ive; impudent; troublous; unruly.

isht afekommi, v. n., to be trouble
some.

isht ala, v. t., to bring, Matt. 9:2; to
draw near, Matt. 15: 8.

isht ala, n., a bringer; an introducer.

isht ala, n., an introduction.

isht albi, n., a witch ball; a bait; a trap;
a snare; a net; a springe.

isht albi intakalichi, v. t., to bait him.

isht albi isht hokli, v. t., to snare.

isht albi nala, pp., shot with a witch
ball.

isht albi nali, v. t., to shoot with a
witch ball.

isht albi talali, v. t, to trap; to set a
trap.

isht albiha, n., stuffing.

isht alhchefa, n., soap.

isht alhfoa, n., a garter; a binder.

isht alhkama, n., a stopple; a cork; a
plug; a tap; a wad.

isht alhkata, n., a patch.

isht alhkoha, n., varnishing; gilding.

isht alhpisa, a., figurative.

isht alhpisa, n., a measure; a yard; a
bushel; a gallon; a mile; any measure;
a badge; an ensign; an emblem; a de
gree; a figure; a gauge; insignia; a
metaphor; a model; a note; an omen;
a picture; a plan; a rule; a sample; a
scale; a sign; a specimen; a square; a
symbol; a symptom; a simile; a test;
a token; a type; ninak isJtt alhpisa, n.,
watch of the night, Matt. 14: 25.

isht alhpisa tuklo, n., a fathom; two
yards; two measures.

isht alhpolosa, n., mortar; daubing;
plaster.

isht alhtoba, n., a ransom, Matt. 1
payment; price paid.

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[BULL,. 46

isht almo, n., a scythe; a sickle; any
cutting instrument of the knife kind; a
reaping hook.

isht alopulli, isht alopulli, n., a broach;
a breastpin.

isht askufachi, n., a belt; a sash; a cinc
ture; a girdle.

isht atapachi, isht atapachi, ri., a but
ton; a barb; a hasp.

isht atapachi ikbi, v. t., to barb; to
make a barb.

isht atta, v. t., to follow.

isht atta, n., business; employment; a
function; an occupation; an office; use.

isht atta, n., an agent or attorney; an
administrator, an actor; any person
having any particular business; a doer;
a factor; a functionary; a manager; a
practicer; a practitioner.

isht attacha hinla, a., sanative.

isht baha, isht bah, isht bahaffi, n.,
a piercer; a spear.

isht baska, n., a card used in games; a
pack of cards; a pack.

isht basto, n., a marble.

isht basha, n., a saw.

isht basha chito, n., a crosscut saw.

isht bashpoa, isht panshpoa, isht
pashpoa, n., a broom.

isht bicheli, n., a tap; a spout; a faucet;
a brass cock; a funnel; a tunnel.

isht boa, n., a hammer; a maul; a mal
let; a beetle.

isht boa api, n., a broomstick.

isht boa chito, n., a large maul; a com
mander; a heavy beetle.

isht boli, n., a flail.

isht bopuli, n., a sling.

isht chakali, a., ninth; 9th.

isht chakaliha, adv., ninth time.

isht chanli, n., a pickax.

isht chanya, n., an addice; an adz; an
ax; any edge tool used for chopping.

isht chumpa, n., funds; purchase
money; means of making a purchase.

isht fali, n., a crank.

isht fama, n., a whip; a scourge, John
2: 1">; a lash.

isht fiopa, n., the windpipe.

isht fotoha, n., an auger; a borer.

isht fotoha iskitini, n., a gimlet; a
small auger.

isht fotoha ulhpi, n., an auger handle.

isht fotoha wishakchi, n., the bit of an

auger; the point of an auger,
isht fotohushi, n., a gimlet,
isht fotoli, n., a winch,
isht fotolit lumbli, v. t., to drill,
isht haksichi, n., a wile; a means of

cheating; a trick; a bribe; hush money;

a train.

isht haksichi, n., a briber,
isht halalli, n., a bail; a long oar; har
ness; a trace; a tug.
isht halupalli, n., a hone; a whetstone;

a strap.

isht hanali, isht hannali, a., sixth; 6th.
isht hanaliha, adv., sixth time,
isht hashanya, n., the cause or occasion

of fretfulness.

isht hofahya, n., shame; cause of shame,
isht hokli, n., a net; a trap,
isht holissochi, isht holissichi, n., a

pen; a pencil; ink.

isht holissochi aialhto, n., an ink
stand; an ink bottle; an ink horn,
isht holissochi humma, n., red ink.
isht holissochi ikbi, n.., an ink maker;

a pencil maker; a pen maker,
isht holissochi lusa, n., black ink; ink.
isht holissochi onlatapa, n., a blot,
isht holissochi onlatapa, pp., blotted,
isht holissochi onlatabli, v. t., to blot;

to spill ink on it.
isht holitabli, n., a worshiper, John 4:

23.

isht holmo, n., a roof; a shingle,
isht hopunkoyo, n., the eyesight,
isht hopunkoyo imachukma, a., sharp-
sighted.

isht hopunayo, n., the eyesight,
isht hoshintikachi, n., a screen; a

shade.

isht hummachi, n., a red dye; tan.
isht hunsa, n., ammunition; a dart; any

instrument with which to prick,
isht ia, v. t., to carry, Matt. 1:11; to lead,

Matt., 4: 1; to begin, Matt. 11: 7, 20;

16: 21, 22; Josh. 8: 7.
isht ia, n., a beginner; a beginning; a

conveyer; a founder,
isht ia ammona, n., the iirst l>eginning;

the commencement, Josh. 4: 19.
isht ika (from ix/it and Itika^; anumpa

ixlit ika}; an ovation.
isht ikahobalo, n., a blasphemer; see

aJiobali

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

205

isht ikalauo, a., not equal.

isht ikalauo, v. n., not to be equal,

Luke 3: 16.

isht inkama, n., a lid.
isht ikhana, n., memory; a memorial;

a monumental record; a remembrance;

a remembrancer, Josh. 4: 7.
isht ikhana, n., the means of learning,

whether books or anything else.
isht ikhananchi, n., means of teaching,
isht ikinahno (from ahni), v. t., to hate

him; to abhor him; to dislike him; to

abominate him; to despise; to disdain,
isht ikinahno, a., pp., contemptible; de
spised; indignant.
isht ikinahno, n., a hater; contempt;

despite.
isht ikinahnochechi, v. t., to disaffect;

to cause to hate.

isht ikinahnochi, v. t., to cause to hate,
isht ikinyukpo (from ytikj)a), v. t., to

dislike him; to hate him; to despise,

Mark 10: 41.

isht ikinyukpo, n., a hater,
isht ikono, n., inability,
isht ilahauchi, n., the things furnished

by one's self; proceeds,
isht ilaiyukpa (from yukpa), n., advan
tage; happiness; means of his own

happiness,
isht ilakshema,n., dress; ornaments; see

isht shemcL
isht ilakshema shall, a., tawdry; dressy;

addicted to dress.
isht ilakshema shati, v. n., to be tawr-

dry.
isht ilamalichi, n., a fan; an instrument

with which to blow toward one's self.
isht ilaneli, n., a crutch; a prop; means

by which to sustain one's self,
isht ilanumpuli, n., self-praise.
isht ilaueli, n., a coward,
isht ilaueli, a., cowardly; alia isJit

ilaueli, a cowardly child; a child that

cries for nothing.

isht ilawata, n., an occasion of boast
ing; pomp.

isht ilaweha, n., a desertion,
isht ileanumpuli shali, n., egotism; an

egotist.

isht ilehoshontikachi, n., an umbrella,
isht ilia hinla, a.? fatal; mortal,

isht illi, n., poison; bane; occasion of
death; cause of death; death; venom;
virus.

isht illi fohki, v. t., to poison; to em
poison; to put in poison.

isht illi foka, pp., poisoned.

isht illi ipeta, v. t., to poison; to give
poison; to empoison; to envenom; to
venom; to administer poison.

isht illi okpulo, a., virulent.

isht illi yammichi, v. t., to empoison;
to mix poison.

isht imaiokpulo, n., peril; his peril.

isht impa, n., a spoon; an instrument
used at table for dipping liquids, etc.,
and as this was the chief utensil em
ployed by the Choctaw, it is called
the eating instrument; it was made of
wood or of the horns of buffalo and
later of those of cattle.

isht impa alota, n., a spoonful.

isht impak imma, adv., toward the
right; to the right hand, Matt. 5: 29;
6: 3; the right side of, 2 Sam. 24: 5.

isht impak imma ibbak, n., the right
hand.

isht impaka, n., the right; being on the
same side as the right hand.

isht impatta, n., a wadding.

isht impushi, n., a small spoon; a tea
spoon; "the son of i*ht impa."

isht inchunli, n., a brand iron; a brand
ing instrument; a seal.

isht inchunwa, n., a brand iron; a seal;
a stamp; a type; aswak islitinchu^va.

isht intalakchi, pp., fettered.

isht ishij n., a holder.

isht ishko, n., a cup; a chalice; a mug;
a tankard, Matt. 10: 42.

isht ishko chaha, n., a pitcher; a mug.

isht ishko chupak, n., a quart measure;
a cup or pot with a spout.

isht ishko latassa, n., a tin cup.

isht ishko latassa achafa, n., a pint.

isht ishko patala tuklo, n., a quart.

isht ishko patassa, n., a basin.

isht ishkushi, n., a small cup; a teacup;
a small mug.

isht itibbi, n., a weapon; an instrument
for fighting; a bayonet; a dog tooth; a
tusk; the eyetooth; a fang; a javelin;
munition; a poniard.

isht itibbi ansha, a., fanged.

isht itihalalli, n., a bond.

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isht ittula, int. of anger, used in scolding
children (N. Graham, informant).

isht kachaya (from ishit and kachaya,
the pass, of kahchi),u., shears; scissors.

isht kachaya chito, n., large shears.

isht kachayushi, n., scissors.

isht kalasha, n., shears; a pair of shears.

isht kalashushi, n., scissors; a pair of
scissors.

isht kanapa, see ishkanapa.

isht kashofa, n., an offset.

isht kashokachi, n., a brush; a wiper.

isht kasholichi, n., a brush; a wiper.

isht kafa, n., a ladle; a dipper; a gourd.

isht kallochi, n., stiffening.

isht kiselichi, n., a clamp; a vise; pin
cers or pinchers.

isht kula, n., a pick; a pickax; an in
strument used in digging.

isht laknachi, n., a yellow dye.

isht luli, n., an instrument for paring;
a parer.

isht lusachi, n., a black dye; blacking.

isht lanfa, n., a ruler.

isht lanfi, n., a compass; a gage.

isht lakoffi, n., a remedy.

isht lopulli, n., a cathartic.

isht lukata, n., a lash; a whip lash.

isht lukaffi, n., a perforator.

isht lumpa, n., a lancet; a punch;
a fleam; a drill; a puncher.

isht lumpli, n., a perforator.

isht miha, n., a reason.

isht milofa, n., a file; a rasp; a rubber.

isht milofa chito, n., a large file; a rasp.

isht minti, n., a bringer.

isht misholichi, n., a rubber.

isht moeli, n., a skimmer; a short pad
dle.

isht monfa atapachi, n., a rowlock.

isht mofi, isht monffi, n., a skimmer;
an oar; a puddle.

isht nanabli, n. sing., the swallow.

isht nalli, pi., swallows.

isht nali, n., a sting.

isht nukhanklo, n., a lamenter.

isht nukhanklo, n., cause of sorrow; an
affliction.

isht nukhobela, n., wrath, Josh. 7: 1.

isht nukoa, n., vexation.

isht nukpallichi, n., an enticement.

isht nukshobli, n., a scam-row.

isht ochi, isht ohchi, n., a bucket; a
pail; a water pail; a can; a piggin; any

vessel or instrument used in taking up
water from a well, spring, pond, etc.;
a flagon; a water pot.

isht ochi alota, n., a pailful.

isht okchila, n., a riddle.

isht oklushi, v. a. i., to make fun of; to
deride; to joke.

isht okpeha, n., a skimmer.

isht okshilita, isht ukshilita, n., a
barrier; an obstruction; a shutter;
something that closes a passage; the
door; the gate of a house; a gate; a
stopple.

isht oktapa, n., a barrier; an obstruc
tion; a dam; a shutter; a stopper; a
a wad; a wear.

isht okyoli, n. , a fin.

isht ona, v. t., to carry to; to bring to,
Matt. 1: 12.

isht panshpoa, see isht bashpoa.

isht pashpoa iskitini, n., a whisk.

isht pala, n., a glut; a wedge.

isht pashpoa, isht bashpoa.

isht pinfi, n., a swimmer.

isht piha, n., a shovel; a scoop.

isht pila, n. , a sting.

isht pisa, n., sight.

isht pokoli, a., tenth; 10th, Josh. 4: 19;
isht pokoli tuklo, a., twentieth; 20th;
isht pokoli tuchina, a., thirtieth; 30th;
isht pokoli ushta, a., fortieth; 40th; isht
pokoli talapi, a., fiftieth; 50th; isht pok
oli hanali, a. , sixtieth ; 60th ; isht pokoli
untuklo, isht pokoluntuklo, a., seven
tieth; 70th; isht pokoli untuchina, a.,
eightieth; 80th; isht pokoli chakali, a.,
ninetieth; 90th.

isht pokoli, n., a tithe.

isht punfa, n., a trumpet; a pipe; a horn;
a bugle; a bugle horn; a trump, Matt.
6: 2; Josh. 6: 4, 5, 6, 8.

isht punfolachi, n., a horner; one who
blows a trumpet; a trumpeter.

isht shanfa, n., a drawing knife; a draw-
shave; itiisltt si i a™ fa.

isht shanfi, n., a plane; -itiisht xhafi.

isht shaffi, n., a scraper used in scraping
up dirt, ashes, etc.

isht shanni, 11., a winch.

isht shema, isht ilakshema, n., orna
ments; attire; finery; fine clothes; a
decoration; a dress; garb; garniture; a
guise; habiliment; a rig; rigging.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CTIOCTAW LANGUAGE

207

isht shiahchi, n., cards used in carding

cotton.

isht shilli, n., a comb,
isht shima, n., a power,
isht shuahchi, n., an instrument for

sharpening; a whetstone; a hone; a

rubstone; a rubber,
isht tabeli, ishtabeli, n., a cane; a staff;

a crutch.

isht tahpala, n., a cry.
isht taka, n. pi., dippers,
isht takafa, n., a dipper,
isht takali, n., a stem; a hinge; that by

which anything hangs; isito isltt takali,

a pumpkin stem,
isht takaffi, n., dippers,
isht takli, n., dippers,
isht takoli, pi., stems; hinges,
isht talakchi, n., a string; a tether; a

band; abond; ahamper; alace; aleash;

a ligament; a shackle,
isht talapi, a., fifth; 5th; out isht talapi,

adv., fifthly.
isht talepa, a., a hundredth; 100th; isht

talcpa achafa, one hundredth,
isht talepa sipokni, a., a thousandth,
isht tana, n., a shuttle, i. e., a weaver's

shuttle,
isht tanna, n., the woof; the filling (in

weaving cloth),
isht tikili, n., a prop; a brace or stick

used in stretching hides,
isht tikoti, pi., props; braces; tenters,
isht tiwa, ishit tiwa, n., a key, Matt.

16:19.

isht tiwa chiluk, n., a keyhole,
isht tobli, n., a setting pole; a pushing

pole; any instrument for pushing.
isht tonksali, n., a tool; a utensil; an

implement; an instrument,
isht tonolichi, n., a lever; a handspike;

a crowbar; any instrument used in roll
ing logs and the like,
isht ukfoata, isht ukhoata, n., the

side; the ribs of a man or animal,
isht ukhatapa, n., a blind; a shutter,

as for a window.
isht uklakafa, v. t., to mock; to jest;

to deride, John 19: 3 [?].
isht ukshilita, see isht oksltilita.
isht umpoholmo , n., a covering,
isht untuchina, a., eighth; 8th.
isht untuchinaha, adv., eighth time.

isht untuklo, a., seventh; 7th; ont ixht
untuklo, Josh. 6: 4.

isht untukloha, adv., seventh time.

isht wakeli, n., a lever; a pry.

isht washoha, n., a toy; a plaything; a
trinket.

isht weki, n., a poise.

isht wekichi, n., steelyards; scales; bal
ances. — Ch. Sp. Book, p. 6<>.

isht yaiya, n., a lamenter; a lamenting.

isht yamrriichi, n., an instrument.

isht yopomo, n., a waster; a lavisher.

isht yopomo, v. t., to waste, as iinilayak
isht yopomo; to lavish; to spend; to
squander.

isht yopomo, pp., wasted; lavished.

isht yopomo shah', a., wasteful; lavish.

isht yopula, n., a joker; a maligner; a
scoffer; a trifler.

isht yopula, n., a game.

isht yopula, v. a. i., v. t., to flout; to
fool; to fleer; to gibe; to jeer; to scan
dal; to scandalize; to scoff; to traduce;
to trifle; to vilify.

isht yopula, a., prodigal; profane; waste
ful.

isht yopulat, adv., prodigally; pro
fanely.

isht yopulat isht anumpuli, v. t., to
ridicule.

isht yuha, n., a sieve; a sifter; a bolter;
a bolt,

isht yupomo, n., waste.

isht yupomo, n.. a spendthrift; a waster.

isht yuwala, n., odium.

ishtilema, see shittilema.

ishto, a., great; big; large; huge; im
mense. This is the Chickasaw equiva
lent for chito (q. v. ).

ishto, v. n., to be great.

ishtokaka, n., the great one; a lord; a
ruler; same as chitokaka.

ishwa, v. t., to smell; see aiishica.

ishwa, v. t. pi., to take, i. e., a number;
inhi, v. t. sing.

it, iti, reciprocal pronouns, sign of the
doubly reflective form, a mutual or re
ciprocal verb; abeli, itabeli, v. t., to
put them together; boa, ifaboa, to hunt
each other; pisa, itipesa, to see each
other; also cf. ita])issali, itiakaiya, iti-
chapa, 1 Kings?: 5.

208

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[BULL. 46

ita, adv., together, as itatuklo, itanowa,
itafama, etc. ita and iti are different
words.

itabana, p. of itabani, v. t., to put logs
together as in making a log house; to
tit to each other.

itabani, v. t., to put together, Josh. 4: 20.

itabanni, n., a raising; see abanni.

itabi, v. a. i., to howl, as a wolf; same as
shakapa.

itabiha, n., a mixture.

itachoa, itachowa, n., a broil; a dispute;
a variance.

itahina, n., a companion; a consort;
see aliinna.

itahoba (from ita and ahoba), v. a. i., to
assemble; to congregate; to come to
gether; to collect; to convene; to gather;
to huddle; to shoal; ant imaiitahoba,
Matt. 13: 2. The main form (ahoba)
of this word in the sense of meeting is
not used; itahomba, itahohomba.

itahoba, pp., assembled; gathered to
gether, Matt. 13: 40; collected; a., col
lective; convened; gathered.

itahoba, n., an assembly; an association;
a collection; a concourse; a convention;
a gathering; a mass; a shoal.

itahobi, v. t., to assemble; to amass; to
collect together; to collect; to congre
gate; toconvene; to gather, Matt. 10: 1;
13: 28, 29, 30; 15: 10; John 11: 47; 1
Kings, 10: 26; Josh. 4: 4; 7: 16, 17, 18.

itahobi, n., one who assembles; an as
sembler; a gatherer.

itahobli,v. t., to assemble; to collect; to
congregate; toconvene; to gather.

itahobli, n., an assembler; a convener;
u gatherer.

itaiena, n., the wives of one man; im-
tiaiena, his concubine, Judg. 19:1.

itaiisso, n., a clashing; a concussion; a
shock.

itaiunchululi, n., generations, Matt.
1: 17.

itaiyokoma, n., a puzzle.

itaiyokommi, n., a puzzler.

itaiyukhana, n., a cross, ~\ ; corners of
streets; see aiokhaneli.

itaiyukhankachi; aiitaiokhankachL Matt.

itaiyuma, n., a mixture,
itaiyumi, n., a mixer,
itakaiyat ia, n., a procession.

itakamassalli, n., a pinner,
itakantali, v. a. i., to be close together,

Mark 2: 4; from akantali (q. v.).
itakapuli, see itakopuli.
itakashkoa, n., separation,
itakashkuli, n. , separation ; a separator,
itakashkulit, adv., separately,
itakchulakto, a., forked, as the roots of

a tree that is turned up.
itakchulakto, v. n., to be forked,
itakchulakto, n., a tree that is turned

up by the roots.
itakchulali, a., forked, as the ear of an

animal when marked,
itakchulali, v. n., to be forked,
itakchulalichi, v. t., to fork,
itakchulashli, a. pi., forked,
itakchulashli, v. n., to be forked,
itakchulashlichi, v. t., to fork them,
itakha, see itakha.
itakhapuli, a., troublesome; hatak ilak-

hapuli shali, n., a heeler,
itakhapuli, v. n., to be troublesome.
itakhapuli shali, v. a. i., to riot,
itakhapuli shali, a., riotous; wraggish.
itakhapuli shali, n., a zany,
itakhapulichi, v. t. caus., to cause to be

troublesome.
itakhauali, a., having the lips open a

little.
itakhauali, v. n., to have the lips open

a little.

itakkomulih, v. n., to close thelips tight.
itaklalashli, v. a. i., to be moist in the

mouth; to drivel from the use of alum,
itakmacheli, n., thin lips,
itakmofoli, a., having the lips closed

tight or firm,
itakmofoli, v. n., to be open, as the

mouth of another,
itakornmuchi, v. a. i., to shut the

mouth.
itakomoli, v. a. i., to place in a fold,

i. e., two sides of a cloth or paper; to

fold together,
itakonofa; itatikkonofrt, v. a. i., to stand

near each other.
itakopulechi, atakapulechi, v. t., to

close; to press together, as the sides of a

wound.
itakopuli, itakapuli, v. a. i., to close

together; to come together.
itakowa, itakoa, n., fire wood.
itakowa intula, n., andirons; firedogs.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

209

itakpashakli, itakpashakli, v. a. i., to
gasp.

itakpashakli, n., a gasp.

itakpashali, v. a. i., to open the mouth.

itakpashpali, v. a. i., to gape.

itakpashpali, n. , a gaping.

itakpisheli, a., shaped like the snout
of a hog or the rim of a vial or a bell,
smallest at the upper end and opening
wide.

itakpofonli, v. a. i., to open the mouth,
as another's mouth.

itakshish, n., the root of a tree; a grub;
a snag.

itakshish isht chanya, itakshish isht
kuchi, itakshishi isht kula, itak
shish isht almo, n., a mattock; a grub
bing hoe; a grub ax.

itakshish kulli, v. t. to grub; to dig up
roots; to stub.

itakshish kulli, n., a grubber.

itakwacholi, n., high chin.

itakyuinli, v. a. i., to grin; itakyueli, to
grin. — J. E.

italankla, a., both ways at the same
time; in opposite directions at once.

italankla, v. n., to be both ways.

italankla halupa, a., two-edged; double-
edged.

italankla hotupa, v. n., to pain on both
sides or quite through, as when the
head aches on both sides.

italankla ont ia, n. , a puking and purging
at the same time; cholera morbus.

italankla ont ia, v. n., to be sick with
puking and purging, or cholera morbus.

italaklaka, talalanka, n., on both sides,
1 Kings 11: 31.

itamoa, a. pi., lost; gone off; kania, pp.
sing., lost.

itamoa, v. n., to wander off; to be lost;
antconoa, mine are lost.

itampikbi, n., a cooper.

itampo, n., a pail; a wooden bowl; a tray;
a trencher.

itampo chito, n., a tub.

itampushi, n., a small wooden bowl.

itanali, itannali, v. t., to collect to
gether; to assemble.

itanowa, v. t. pi. (from ita and nowa),
to travel, Josh. 2: 16; to travel together,
Matt. 2:2; to troop.

itanowa, n., travelers; an expedition;
na hallo itanon-a, traveling white men.
S4:;:!9° - Hull. 40 — 15 14

itapela, n., a partner; see itapela.

itapelachi, n., a copartnership; a firm.

itapushi, n., a sprout without leaves,
used as a switch; a staddle.

itasitia, n., a coherence; those who
cleave together.

itashali, itishali, n., a generation.

itashekonompa, n., a knot made by
two strings together.

itashekonopa, n., a knot where two
strings are tied together; itashekonopa,
p.; see Acts 10: 11, wishakchi u^shtat
itashekonopci.

itashekonopli, v. t., to tie in a knot.

itashekonowa, n. pi., knots.

itashuma, n., a mixture.

itatakali, ititakali, n., a chain; a link;
a concatenation.

itatiapa, n., a schism.

itatoba, v. t. , v. a. i. , itatoboli, pi. , to trade;
to swap; to exchange; to barter; to
traffic; to shop; to commerce; to com
mute; to contract; to deal; to inter
change; to market; to speculate; to
swap; to truck.

itatoba, n. (from toba plus the reciprocal
particle iti and the locative a), a cus
tomer (at a store); a dealer; an ex
changer; a trader; a swapper; a traf
ficker; a contractor; a merchant.

itatoba, n., a trade; trade; commerce; a
commutation; an exchange; an inter
change; merchandise; a speculation; a
swap; a traffic; a truck.

itatoba holisso, n., an account book or
a book account.

itatoba kallo, a., close; hard, when trad
ing.

itatoba kallo, n., a shaver.

itatobachi, v. t., to commute.

itatobat anya, v. t., to peddle.

itatobat anya, n., a peddler.

itatobat tali holisso ishi, v. t., to cash;
to swap and take the money.

itatuklo, a., both together, or two to
gether; along with; see tuklo; also used
for a conj., and; see Gen. 1:1; Matt.
18: 15.

itatuklo, v. n., to be two together; to
unite.

itatuklo, adv., together.

itatuklo, v. a. i., to make the second, or
to go with, as itatnkloli; to be a part
ner where there are only two, as in

210

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

marriage; ittatukloli, I unite with him,
John 10: 30.

itauaya, v. t., mas. gen., to marry a wo
man; to couple; auaya, fern. gen.

itauaya, n., a marriage; a couple; a
partner; a partnership; a spouse.

itauaya, 11., a married man; a married
woman.

itauayachi, v. t., to solemnize a mar
riage.

itauayachi, n., the one who solemnizes
a marriage.

itachaka, n., a joint.

itachakachi, n., a joint.

itachanaia, dual, to be two together by
themselves, like an old man and his
wife when their children are all gone.

itachi, v. t, to throw anything upon a
fire; to cast into the fire, Acts 28: 5.

itachoa, n., a quarreler; a stickler; a
wrangler.

itachoa, n., a broil; a dispute; a wrangle;
a contention; a jangle; a quarrel; a
strife.

itachoa shah, a., quarrelsome; wrangle-
some.

itaff oa, see itcilhfoa.

itakha, itakha, n., the mouth: the in
side of the mouth; the gills of a fish;
the voice; Matt. 17: 27; nani itakha,
fish's mouth.

itakha, a., vocal.

itakha achafa, n., a mouthful.

itakha akkami, v.t,, to gag; to stop the
mouth.

itakha alhkama, pp., gagged.

itakha chinto, a., hoarse.

itakha isht alhkama, n., a gag.

itakha litoli, v. t., to make the mouth
sore.

itakha litowa, v. a. i., to canker; to be
come sore in the mouth.

itakha litowa, pp., mouth sore; cank
ered mouth.

itakha litowa, n.. the sore mouth;
canker in the mouth; the thrush.

itakpashakli, itakpashakli (q. v.), v.
a. i., to gasp.

italbansa, n., petrifaction.

italhfoa, itaffoa, n., a keg.

italhfoa chito, n., a barrel; a hogshead;
a cask; a puncheon; a tierce or terce;
a pipe; a tun.

italhfoa chito abeha, pp., barreled.

italhfoa chito abeli, v. t., to barrel.

italhfoa chito fohki, v. t., to barrel; to
put into a barrel.

italhfoa chito foka, n., barreled.

italhfoa chito ibish, n., the chine of a
barrel.

italhfoa chito ikbi, n., a cooper.

italhfoa ikbi, n., a cooper; a hooper.

italhfoa isht alhkama, n., a bung.

italhfoa isht talakchi, n., a hoop.

italhfoa takchi, v. t., to hoop.

itaUifoa takchi, n., a hooper.

italhfoa talakchi, pp., hooped.

italhfoa tikpi, n., the bilge of a cask.

italhfoushi, n., a keg; a small keg.

italhkatta, n., patchwork, such as a bed
quilt made of pieces.

italhpali, n., the forearm,

italhtoboa, n., rotation; seealhtoboa.

italikchi, n., a cherry tree.

italikchi ani, n. , a cherry.

itallat akkachit kaha, pp., packed, as
meat.

itamintafa, itamintarl, n., a chasm or
split like the opening made by butchers
when they open a hog.

itanaha, v. a. i., a verb reciprocal and
locative — iti and a united, used in this
way only — to assemble; to collect; to
come together; to congregate; to con
vene; to flock; to herd; to huddle; to
embody; to parade; to rally; to shoal;
to troop.

itanaha, pp., assembled; collected; ac
cumulated; piled up; collective; con
gregated; contributed; convened; con
voked; embodied; amassed; gathered;
heaped; levied; lumped; raked; piled;
stacked.

itanaha, 11., an assembly; a collection;
a concourse; a congregation; a contri
bution; a convention; a convocation;
an accumulation; a gathering; a hud
dle; a levy; a mass; a pile; a shoal; a
stack; a throng.

itanaha laua, v. a. i., to throng.

itanahachi, v. t., to cause to assemble; to
congregate; to herd.

itanahachi, v. a. i., to heap together,
Josh. 3: 13, 16.

itanahachi, ittanahahchi, n., a pile;
as iti itanahachi, a pile, or cord of wood
piled, Josh. 8: 29; Ps. 33: 7.

itanaho, a., uncollected.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

211

itannali, itanali, v. t., to accumu
late; to lump; to assemble; to collect;
to bring together; to congregate; to
contribute; to convene; to convoke; to
cumulate; to embody; to gather; to
heap; to herd; to levy; to muster; to
parade, as soldiers; to pile; to raise; to
rake; to stack; to trump.

itannali, n., an assembler; a collector; a
convener; a gatherer; a heaper.

itannali, n., a rally.

itannalichi, v. t., to heap; to collect; to
pile; to assemble; to make a pile.

itapaiyali, n., a huddler.

itapaiyali, v. t., to huddle.

itapaiyata, n. , a huddle.

itapela, itapela, n., a help; a helper;
a partner; anally; a colleague; mutual
helps, Luke 5: 7.

itapiha, n., a colleague; an attendant.

itashi, n., a club; a cudgel; a bludgeon;
a small stick having the root for one
end.

itashiha, n., a snarl; a tangle.

itatakali, n., a link; a chain.

itatonla, to lie together, John 21: 9.

ithaiyana, see ikhana.

ithana, ithana, to learn; see ikhana,
ikhana.

ithlnsh, see ikhinsh.

iti, each other; see it; a reciprocal pro
noun.

itin, to each other; from each other, etc.
This form differs from the others as it
requires a prep, to be used before the
pro. iti is in the accus. case; itin ig in
the dative case; see after iti, wood, and
its compounds. It is sometimes written
Him as before vowels, and itin before
ch, I and t, itin before the other letters
of the alphabet.

iti, itih, n., the mouth; the front part of
the mouth; itakha, the inner part, Matt.
4: 4; 15: 8, 11, 17, 18; 18: 16; Josh.
1: 8; 9: 14.

iti, n., wood; timber; a tree.

iti abasha, n., a sawpit; a sawmill.

iti achushkachi, n. , a peg; a wooden peg.

iti ahulalli, n., a whiflletree.

iti akishtala, n., the root of a tree; the
foot of a tree.

iti alua, n., burnt wood; burnt woods.

iti ana, n., a rib pole.

iti anunka, a., woody; being in the
woods; sylvan.

iti anunka, v. n., to be in the woods.

iti anunka, n., the woods; a forest; a
wilderness.

iti anunkaka, a., wild.

iti ansha, pp., timbered.

iti ashanfa, n., a joiner's bench; a join
er's horse.

iti ashanfa botulli. n., shavings.

iti ashanfi, n., a wood-shaver.

iti atikoa, n., a stud; a well-known piece
of timber used in a frame house.

iti atoba, a., wooden; made of wood.

iti albasa, n., lathing; ribbing.

iti albasto, n., a litter for the sick to
ride on.

iti alhpoa, n., a shade tree; a domesti
cated tree.

iti ani, itani, n., a black gum.

iti bachoha, iti bacnoha, n., beams;
joists; sleepers, or any pieces of timber
lying parallel (horizontal?).

iti baka, n., a block.

iti bakapa, n., the half of a tree split.

iti bakli, v. t., to split wood into large
pieces; to block out; to bolt wood.

iti basha, n., a plank; a sawed board;
sawed timber; lumber; a scantling; a
slab.

iti basha ahonala, n., clapboards.

iti basha ashila, n., a board kiln.

iti basha patali, v. t., to plank.

iti basha sukko, n., a plank.

iti bashkachi, n., timbers lying parallel.

iti bashli, n., a sawyer; a cutter.

iti boli, n., an imaginary being said to
kill birds; a phantasm.

iti boshulli, n., fragments of wood.

iti botulli, n., the dust of wood, made
by a saw or worms.

iti chakbi, n., a wooden peg.

iti chanalli, n., a wagon; a cart; a car
riage; a dray; tanap iti chanalli, a war
chariot, 1 Kings 10: 26; a chariot, 2
Kings 9: 21, 24, 25.

iti chanalli achosha, n., an axletree.

iti chanalli ashali, v. t., to wagon; to
cart.

iti chanalli haknip, n., a wagon body;
a wagon box or bed.

iti chanalli inhina, n., a wagon road.

212

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

iti chanalli iskitini palhki, 11., a char
iot; a gig; a chaise; a sulky; a cabriolet,
iti chanallushi, n.,.a small wagon; a

hand wagon; a wheelbarrow; a child's

wagon.
iti chanli, n., a chopper; a hewer of

wood; a cutter; a pecker,
iti chant abi, n., to girdle trees; to kill

timber,
iti chant tushalichi, v. t, to chip; to

hack.
iti chauana, iti chauanaya, n., a

notched stick; having a notch, as in

the rafters of some log houses, or the

pommel of a Spanish saddle.
iti chakpa, n., the side of a tree some

distance from the ground.
iti chanaha, n., a wooden wheel; a

wagon; a cart; a carriage; a car; the

wheels of a wagon, etc.; a roller; a

water wheel.

iti chanaha afacha, n., a linchpin,
iti chanaha alota, n., a wagonful; a

wagon load; a loaded wagon.
iti chanaha anowa, n., a wagon rut;

a cart rut; a rut.
iti chanaha ashali, see iti cliqnaha ixht

shall.
iti chanaha holisso shali, n., a mail

coach.
iti chanaha holitopa, n., a coach; a

hack.
iti chanaha holitopa aiomanili, n.,

a coach box.
iti chanaha holitopa ikbi, n., a coach

maker.

iti chanaha inhina, n., a wagon road,
iti chanaha ikbi, n., a wagon maker;

a cartwright; a wheelwright.
iti chanaha iklanna, n., the nave of

a wheel,
iti chanaha iskitini, n., a wheelbarrow;

a barrow; a little wagon,
iti chanaha isht anya, v. t., to wragon.
iti chanaha isht anya, n., a wagoner;

a cartel'; a carman; a teamster,
iti chanaha isht halalli, n., a wagon

harness; tackling.
iti chanaha isht shali, iti chanaha

ashali, v. a. i., to wagon.
iti chanaha isht talakchi, n., a wagon

tire; a tire.
iti chanaha palhki, n., a chaise; a chair;

a chariot; a hack; a stage; a sulky.

iti chanaha umpoholmo, n., a wagon

cover,
iti chanaha ushi, n., a wheelbarrow;

a little wagon.

iti chinisa, n., the laurel tree,
iti chishakko, n., brush cut for abowrer;

a brush bower,
iti chishankko, n., a bush put up for

shade,
iti chishankko hoshontika, n., a bush

arbor; a bower made of bushes; a

booth; chishaflkaj Neh. 9: 14.
iti chito, n., a large tree; a beam, Matt.

7: 3.

iti chito tapa, n., a log.
iti chufak, n., a pin.
iti fabassa, n., a pole; a slender tree; a

perch,
iti fabassoa, iti fabaspoa, iti fabasfoa,

iti fahko, n. pi., poles.
iti hakhipish, n. pi., the ross of a tree;

the outer dry pieces of bark,
iti hakshup, n., the bark of a tree,
iti hata, n., whitewood.
iti hika, n., a stake; a post.
iti hikia, n., a standing tree,
iti hishi, n., leaves of a tree; tree leaves;

leaf of a tree.
iti hishi halupa, n., the holly tree, the

leaves of which have small thorns on

them.

iti honni aialhto, n., a fat or vat.
iti hoyo, v. a. i., to wood,
iti humma, n. , a red pole; a pole stained

red; such poles as are erected as a sign

of mourning for the dead,
iti illi, n., a dead tree,
iti iskuna, n., the heart of a tree; the

center of a tree.

iti iskuna paknaka, n., the sap of a tree,
iti ishi, v. a. i., to wood,
iti isht ahonala, n., a peg; a pin, used

to fasten timbers together,
iti isht alhpisa, n., a yardstick,
iti isht basha, n., a saw.
iti isht basha chito, n., a pit saw: a saw
mill saw.

iti isht basha falaia, n., a \\hipsaw.
iti isht boa, n., a maul or a mall; a

beetle; a wooden hammer,
iti isht boa chito, n., a large maul; a

commander.

iti isht boa iskitini, n., a mallet.
iti isht boa ushi, 11., a mallet.

BVIXCJTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANCUAC1E

213

iti isht fotoha, n., an auger; a borer.

iti isht fotohushi, n., a gimlet.

iti isht halalli, 11., a swingletree; a

whiffletree; a hame.

iti isht honni aialhto, n., a fat or vat.
iti isht ishko, n., a noggin,
iti isht kula, n., a chisel,
iti isht kula kofusa, n., a gouge,
iti isht milofa, n., a rasp.
iti isht pala, n., a wooden wedge; a glut;

a wedge; itiisht pala alqliclti, to wedge,
iti isht shanfa, n., a drawing knife; a

drawshave.

iti isht shanfin, n., a plane,
iti isht shanfit haluskichi, n., a plane,
iti isht shima, n., a power,
iti isht tonolichi, n., a handspike; a

lever; a wooden pry.
iti itikeli, n. sing., a rafter,
iti ititakalli, n., an evener; a swingle-
tree; a doubletree,
iti ititekili, n. pi., rafters,
iti kafi, 11., sassafras.
iti kalaha, n., a wooden roller; a spool;

a truck; a roll; a roller; a wheel,
iti kalaha chanalli, n., a truck wheel,
iti kinafa, n., a fallen tree,
iti kinali, n. pi., fallen trees.
iti kolofa, n., a stump; a stub; wood out

off, applied to a half bushel, a tub, etc.
iti kosoma, n., sour wood,
iti kula, n., a trough; a canoe; a boat; a

tray.

iti kula aiixnpa, n., a trencher,
iti kula falaia, n., a long trough,
iti kula peni, n., a canoe; a pirogue,
iti kusha yaiya, n., a crane,
iti laua, a., woody,
iti lukoli, n., a grove.
iti lumbo, n., a roll; a wooden globe,
iti litilli, n., tree gum; the gum of a

tree.

iti loli, v. t. , to gall (a tree) ; to peel a tree.
iti naksish, n., a limb; a bough; a

branch of a tree; a knot (on a tree).
iti naksish nlamminchi, n., the arm of

a tree.

iti naksish laua toba, v. a. i., to ramify,
iti naksish tapa, n., brush; a limb

broken off.
iti nipa, 11., a club,
iti oiya, v. t., to climb a tree.

iti oka aiyanalli, n., a water trough; an

eave trough,
iti okchanki, n., green wood, not dry

or seasoned.
iti okchako, n., an evergreen tree; green

wood.

iti okchamali, n., green wood.
iti okchi, n., sap of wood.
iti osh toba, a., ligneous; made of wood;

wooden.

iti palanta, n., split wood; split boards.
iti patali, v. t, to floor.
iti patapo, n., a floor; a bridge; wood

spread out; a wooden causeway.
itipatalhpo, n., a floor; a bridge; a

causeway; a wooden cross way; a plat
form; a stage.
iti patalhpo alhtoba ahoyo, n., a toll

bridge.
iti patalhpo ikbi, v. t., to bridge; to

make a bridge.
itipatalhpo ikbi, n., one who makes

bridges; a bridge maker,
iti patalhpo umpatalhpo, n., a carpet;

a floor carpet; a floor cloth,
iti pala, n., split wood; rails; rail stuff.
iti pala patalhpo, n., a puncheon used

in making floors.

iti peni, n., a canoe; a manger; a trough,
iti poloma, n., a hoop; a wooden spring.
iti pushi, itapushi (q. v.), n., a sap
ling; a sprout without the leaves on.
iti shanfa, n., a shaved board; a planed

board.
iti shanii, n., a joiner; a carpenter; a

planer.

iti shalalli, n., a sled; a runner; the sup
port of a sleigh or sled; a sleigh.
iti shalalli isht anya, v. t., to sled,
iti shana, n., a screw; a wooden screw,
iti shibafa, n., a splinter; a sliver, thin,

flat, and small,
iti shibali, n. pi., splinters.
iti shila, n., a dry tree; dry wood; dry

timber; seasoned wood.
iti shima, n., a shingle; a split wood;

shingles; a stave,
iti shima halupa, n., a pale.
iti shimafa, n., a splinter; a sliver: a

splint.

iti shimafa shanfa, n.. a ferule.
iti shimali, n. pi., splinters, slivers.

214

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 48

iti shukafa, n., a chip.

iti shukali, n., chips.

iti shumo, n., moss of trees; Spanish

lllOSS.

iti shumo laua, a., mossy.

iti taiyukhana, n., a cross; a wooden

cross, Luke 23: 21; Matt. 10: 38; 16: 24;

Mark 10: 21; see aiyukhana.
iti taiyukhana ahonalichi, v. t., to

crucify; to nail to the cross,
iti talaia, n., a clump (of trees).
iti tanampo, n., a bow; a wooden gun,

2 Kings 9: 24; 2 Sam. 1: 18.
iti tanampo isht anya, n., an archer; a

bowman.

iti tanampo isht talakchi, n., a bow
string.
iti tapena, n., a cudgel; a bludgeon; a

war club,
iti tapokachi, v. a. i., to be 4 square;

wood shaped like a box.
iti tala, n., a wooden pin.
iti tapa, n., a stick of wood; a block; a

club; a chunk; a billet of wood,
iti tapa ahabbi talapi, n., a perch,
iti tapa lua, n., a brand; a firebrand,
iti tapa tonoli, n., a roller.
iti taptua, 11. pi., sticks of wood; clubs,

etc.

iti taptua isht nowa, n., crutches,
iti tikpi, n., a large round knot on a tree,
iti tilofa, n., a billet of wood; a chunk

of wood.

iti tiloli, n. pi., billets of wood.
iti tila, 11., a bla/ed tree; a marked tree;

a butt; a mark; a target; a way mark,
iti tila bachaya, n., a line; a line of

blazed trees; a row of bla/ed trees,
iti till, v. t., to bla/e a tree; to set a white

mark on a tree by shaving off the bark,
iti tili, n., one who marks trees,
iti toshbi, n., touchwood,
iti tushafa, n., a chip,
iti tushali, n. pi., chips,
iti ulhti, iti olulhti, n., fire wood,
iti unchuloli, n., the sprouts of a tree.
iti waiya, n., a leaning tree.
iti wa^ya, n., a stool; a seat; a cricket,
iti wishakchi, n., the top of a tree,
iti yileha, fallen trees.
itiachi, v. a. i., two to go together, Matt.

9: 31; 11: 7; Josh. 2: 1.
itiachi, n., two fellow-travelers.

itiakaya, n., a file; a single rank.

itialbi, 11., the lip; a lip; lips, Matt.
15: 8.

itialbi, n., the price.

itialbi abi, v. t., to revenge.

itialbi abi, n., the revenger of blood.

itialli, n., the price; seeialli.

itiammi, n., temper.

itibafoka, n., a comrade; fellowship; a
companion; a contribution.

itibafoka, n., a mixture; a junction; a
partnership.

itibaiimpa, n., a messmate.

itibanowa, n., a fellow-traveler.

itibanusi, n., a bedfellow.

itibapisa, n., a classmate; a class in a
school, Matt. 10: 21; 12: 46; brethren,
Matt. 13: 55; 14: 3.

itibapishi, (iti each other; iba, with;
pishi, to suck) n. com. gen., a brother
or sister; a friend; those who drew the
breast together; a fraternity; brethren;
itibapishili, my brother; I sucked with
him, her, or them, Matt. 12: 48;
ishitibapishi, your brother; you sucked
with him; Matt. 5: 23; 7: 3; 18: 15;
or chitibapishi, he sucked with thee;
hachitibapishi, Josh. 1: 14.

itibapishi aliha n., brothers; brother
hood; fraternity.

itibapishi fehna, n., a real brother.

itibapishi on, a., fraternal.

itibapishi toba, n., a cousin; half blood;
a stepbrother.

itibalhkaha, n., a mixture; an addition.

itibalhto, n., a mixture.

itibbi, n., a fight; a battle; a contest; a
combat; a conflict; a duel; an engage
ment; a fray; a match; a rencounter; a
skirmish; a storm.

itibbi, a., militant.

itibechi, v. t., to cause to tight or com
bat.

itibechi, n., one that causes fighting; an
instigator of quarrels, fights, etc.

itibi, v. t. (from abi, to kill;) to light; to
combat; to kill each other; to conflict;
to contend; to defend; to engage; to
fence; to rencounter; to skirmish.

itibi, itibbi, n., a lighter; a combatant; a
duelist; a fencer.

itibilinka ansha,n., a neighborhood.

itiboshali, n., a wry mouth.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

215

itichabli, n., a mate; a pair.

itichakbi, n., a wooden peg or pin.

itichapa, n., mates; a pair; a mate; a
fellow; a partner; a partnership.

itichapat ia, n., a procession.

itichunkash paknaka, n., the sap of a
tree.

itinha; ant pimitinhahilah (J. C.); ama-
hobah.

itihaklo, 11., mutual hearing.

itihoba, itioba, n., an equality; a resem
blance.

itiholba, n., a resemblance; a similarity.

itinhollo, n., mutual friends; friendship;
mutual lovers.

itihpila, v. a. i. (compounded of itih and
pila), to fall; itihpelqt akiat, Acts 1: 18.

itihpilachi, v. t. , to cast headlong; iteh-
pdqt, Luke 4: 29.

itihtakchi, v. t., to muzzle; to bind the
mouth.

itinkana, n., peace.

itinkana, n., mutual friends.

itinkana, a., happy; friendly; harmo
nious; kind-hearted.

itinkanomi, n., kin; kindred; kinsfolk;
relations; a relative.

itikba, n., the van.

itikba, adv., prep., before, Matt. 2: 9;
5: 24; 10: 18; 14: 6; 2 Sam. 24: 4. Pos
sibly a compound of i and tikba.

itikba hakshup, n., the foreskin.

itilauahe keyu, a., irreconcilable.

itilaui, adv. ; imUilaul, adv. ; ikitilauo,
adv., unequally.

itilaui, a., even; equal; level; smooth,
Luke 3: 5; coequal; commensurate,
Mark 12: 31, 33; tantamount; ikitilauo,
unequal; uneven; unsmooth.

itilaui, pp., evened; leveled; smoothed,
etc.; matched.

itilaui, n., equality; evenness; an equiv
alent; a level; a par; harmony; ikitilauo,
n., disparity; imparity; inequality.

itilaui, v. a. i., to square with; to tally.

itilaui, n., an equal; a peer.

itilaui achafa, a., harmonious; n., or
der; harmony.

itilaui fulota, a., harmonious.

itilaui iksho, a,, irregular; unequal;
rugged.

itilaui keyu, a., odd.

itilaui keyu, n., the odds; isht ikiti
lauo, n., odds.

itilauichi, v. t., to harmonize; to match;
to smooth; to tally.

itilauichi, v. n., to even; to make equal,
level, smooth, etc.; to equal.

itilauichi, n., a leveler.

itilauichit takolichi, v. t., to tally.

itilauit, adv., orderly; evenly.

itilauit hika, v. a. i., to range; pp.,
ranged.

itilauit hilechi, v. t., to range.

itim, from each other; form before
vowels; one to another, Luke 2: 15;
4: 35.

itimafoa (from afoa) n., contention; a
contest.

itimahalaia, itimakaniohmi, n., in
tercourse.

itimanumpa, n., a pact.

itimanumpuli, n., a conversation; a dia
logue; a colloquy; a conference; a de
bate; a contest; reading.

itimapesa, n., a contract; a league.

itimalhpisa, n., a pact; a reconciliation.

itimolabbi, n., contention.

itimpakna, n., a striver; a rival; a com
petitor.

itimpakna, n., a competition; a race; see
pakna.

itimponaklot ansha, n., mutual inquiry.

itin, from each other; to each other, etc.,
a form used before cJt, I and // to one
another, John 4: 33; see itin.

itinchuka, n., housekeepers; man and
wife; a spouse.

itinchukali, n., my husband.

itinlumanka, n., fornication, Matt. 15:19.

itinnan aiya, n., peace; reconciliation.

itinnan aiyachechi, itinnan aiyachi,
n., a peacemaker; a daysman; a medi
ator; pitinnan aii/qchl, our mediator.

itinnukoa, n., contention; afracas; odds.

itinnukoa, n., aquarreler.

itinnukoa shall, a., quarrelsome.

itintakla, n., an intervention; a while.

itintakla, adv., while; whilst; among,
Matt. 11: 11.

itintakla, v. a. i., to intervene.

itintakla, n., a partition; presence, as
before anyone.

itintakla, adv., since; thence.

itintakla atia,n., apass; anarrow place;
a narrows.

itintanampi, n., hostility.

itintimiya, 11., a race.

216

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 48

itintimiya, v. t., to run a race; to race.

itioba, see itihoba.

itipesa, n., an interview.

itisukpi, itisuppi, itisopi, 11., the cheek,

Matt. 5: 39.
itisukpi foni, itisuppi foni, n., the

cheek bone,
itishali, see itashali.
itishi, n., a wrestler,
itishi, n., a match; a scuffle; a squab
ble; a strife; a struggle; a wrestling;
see ishi.

itishi, v. t., to wrestle; to conflict; to
strive together; to scuffle; to squabble;
to strive.

itishi, n., a scuffler; a stickler; a striver.
itishi imponna, n., a wrestler,
ititakali, see itatakali.
ititakla, v. n., to be between; adv.,

while; so long as.
ititakla, n., an interval,
ititapa, n., a separation from each other

into parts.

ito; this word is compounded with others

where fire is mentioned; it is a locative

signifying for tire, in fire, with fire,

etc.; a reciprocal with fire.

itoashachi, v. t., to cast into a fire, Matt.

13: 50.

itobila, v. a. i., to melt; to fuse in the
fire; to burn, as wood on the fire; to coal,
itobila, pp., melted; fused.
itobila, n., a fusion; a melting.
itohnichi, n., an instigation.
itohnichi, n., an instigator.
itohnichi, v. t., to instigate.
itokaha, pp., cast into the fire; Matt. 7:

19.

itokanchi, v. t., to throw them into fire,
itokania, v. a. i., to go away; to be

cast away; see Matt.' 18: 8, 9.
itola,itula, v. a. i. sing., to fall; to couch;
to remain; to reside; to rest; to lie or
to l>e, Matt. 6: 21; 13: 44; itoyuln, Matt.
2: 2; Josh. 1: 4, itoitola, Matt. 17: 15[?];
itonltt, falling; itoiilasltke, he lies, Matt.
8: 6; itonla, lying, Matt. 9: 2; iiitonla,
to have; itolionla, Matt. 17: 15; -ilotifti,
v. a. i., to reside,
itola, n., a fall; prostration,
itola, a., recumbent.
itolankabi, a., brown; tanned in the

sun.
itolonkabi, a., brown.

itoma, ituma, a., near; nigh; iyi ituma,

at his feet, Matt. 15: 30.
itoma, v. n., to be near,
itoma, n., a short distance; nearness,
itomasi, itumasi, a., very near; a di
minutive of the above; also v. n.
itombi, n., a box; a chest; a trunk; a
bin; a coffer; a case; a coffin; a drawer;
a shrine,
itombi abeha, pp., cased; coffered; put

into a trunk; boxed up.
itombi abett, v. t., to case; to coffer up;

to put into a trunk; to box up.
itombi aialhto, n., a vat,
itombi aiimpa chuhmi ikbi, n., a cabi
netmaker.

itombi alota, n., a boxful.
itombi alota achafa, n., a box; what

one box contains.
itombi fohka, pp., boxed; put into a

trunk; incased.

itombi fohki, v. t., to box up; to chest;
to coffin; to put in a coffin; to incase;
to case,
itombi holitopa, n., the ark, Josh. 3: 3,

6, 13; 4: 16; 6: 4, 6; 8: 33.
itombi ikbi, n., a trunk-maker; a coffin-
maker. It is said that the river Tom-
bigbee was called so from the fact that
a trunk-maker or box-maker lived on
one of its branches.

itombi onlipa, n., the lid of a box or
trunk; the cover of a box; a drawer,
itombushi, n., a small box; a small
drawer; a caddy; a casket; a case; an ark
such as that of the Jews, etc. ; a drawer,
itomushi, n., prickly heat.
itonachi, v. a. i. dual, to go there to
gether, 1 Sam. 2: 20; Josh. 2: 1.
itopa, ittopa (ito topa, a bed of fire?),
the mouth of a crater; the hole; the
aperture; the muzzle, as of a gun; a
crater; the mouth of a bottle.
itopihinla, to throw on the fire, 2 Kings

19: 18.

itot anya, v. a. i., to march or travel, as
an army; to burn; to ravage by fire;
itot it <i>/<i.
itot ia, v. a. i., to go from, Luke 24: 47

(old edition).

itoti, v. a. i., to fight; to be at war.
itoti, n., war.

itotonla, v. a. i., to lie on fire, John 21:
9; itatohonla, Matt. 17: 15.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE C110CTAW LANGUAGE

217

itowulhkachi, v. t., to blister; luak on

isht itowulhkachi, Rev. 16: 8; saetowulh-

kachi.
itowulliko, v. a. L, to blister; to burn

and blister.

itowulliko, pp., scorched; blistered.
ittanahahchi, see itanahachi.
ittopa, see itopa.
ittula, v. a. i., to fall.
itukawiloha, itukahiloha, n., the name

of a tree, called iron wood.
itukchabachi, v. a. i., to feel sick at

the stomach, so as to discharge water,

etc., from the mouth,
itukchi, n., saliva; spit; spittle; slaver.
itukchi ikbi, n., to salivate; to make

saliva.

itukchi ikbi, n., salivation.
itukchuba, v. a. i., to slobber, as a young

child; to discharge saliva, etc., from the

stomach when in pain; to be sick at the

stomach. — J. Hudson, May, 1857.
itukchuba, n., a slobberer.
itukfikowa, nukfichowa; chikfikowa,

n., the hiccough,
itukfikowa, v. n., to be affected with

the hiccough.

itukholaya, v. a. i., to slobber; to dis
charge saliva, rheum, etc.; to drool; to

slaver.

itukholaya, n., rheum; slobber,
ituklipaya, ituklupaya, v. a. i., to drool,
ituklipaya, n., rheum; saliva; drooling

from the mouth,
ituklua, v. a. i., to be very thirsty; to

burn inwardly, as in a fever,
ituklakafa, v. a. i., to joke.
ituklakafa, n., joking; jocose,
ituklakafa, n., a joker,
ituklikali, v. a. i., to drool from the

mouth,
itukpilawa, v. a. i., to discharge saliva;

to emit thick saliva,
itukpilawa, n., thick saliva,
itukpokpoki, v. a. i., to froth at the

mouth, Mark 9: 18; itukpokpokihinchi,

Luke 9: 39.
itukpokpoki, n., froth formed by the

mouth.
ituksita, n., the edge of a fireplace;

luukikritd, Gen. 18: 6.
itukshibeli, v. a. i., to swell the lips.
itukshibeli, n., thick lips.
itukshila, a., dry; thirsty; a thirst;

hoarse; droughty.

itukshila, v. n., to be dry; sfttukxliilti, I

am thirsty, or, I thirst; v. a. i., to thirst.
itukshila, n., thirsty; drouth,
itukwalahacni, v. t., to gargle the

mouth.
itukwalichi, v. t., to rinse the mouth;

to gargle the mouth,
itukwesoli, v. a. i., to affect the mouth,

as sugar and spirits.
itukwisli, a., astringent; having power

to pucker the mouth, as astringents; or,

like alcohol, to heat or burn in the

mouth.

itukwisli, v. n., to be astringent.
itukwislichi, v. t., to cause the mouth

to pucker; to produce an astringent

effect,
itukwololichi, v. t., to gargle the mouth;

to rinse the mouth,
itula, itola, v. a. i., to lie; to lie down;

ittola, intensive form; itoyula, ittoyula,

pro. (Acts 28: 8).
ituma, see itoma.
itumasi, see itomasi.
itunla, itonla, nasal form, to lie, 2 Kings

9: 16.

iuntalali, see haiyantalali
inwalwa, n., the lower part of his breast

bone; the midriff; the hollow of the

body at the stomach; the pit of the

stomach.

iyabiha, 11., leggings.
iyafoa, iyalhfoa, n., a garter,
iyafoli, v. t., to garter,
iyakaya, see iakaiya.
iyakchush, iyakchus, n., a toe nail; a

claw; a talon; talons; a hoof; clutches;

a fang.
iyakchush ansha, pp., fanged; having

nails, claws, etc.
iyanabi, n., ironwood; witch-hazel; name

of a creek.

iyasha, n., an iron pot that has legs.
iyasha ahalalli, n., the ears of a pot; the

bail of a pot.

iyasha chito, n., a large pot.
iyasha isht talakchi, n., pothooks,

such as are used in removing a pot

from the fire.

iyasha onlipa, n., a pot lid.
iyashushi, n., a small pot; a kettle,
iyatoboka, n., top of the head,
iyabbiha, ^ee itjubiha.
iyabi huski, see iynbi Jiuski.
iyalhfoa, iyafoa (q. v.), a garter.

218

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

iyapi, n., leg below the knee.

iyapi champko, n.,shinbone.

iyi,n., the foot; the paw; the fin (naniyi);
a hoof; a footstep; the feet, Matt. 10:
14; chiyi, Matt. 18: 8; kanchak iyi, a
post; aiimpa iyi, a table leg; iyi anowa,
a footstep; a track; afoottrack; a sole;
a vestige.

iyi api, iyapi, n., the leg.

iyi bano, a., barefoot.

iyi bano, n., a naked foot.

iyi bano, v. n., to be barefooted.

iyi beka, a., barefooted.

iyi beka, n., naked feet.

iyi bekat anya, v. a. i., to go barefooted.

iyi bitanli, n., a chapped foot.

iyi champko, see iyinchampko,

iyi chilakto, iyi chulakto, n., a cloven
foot; a cloven hoof.

iyi falakto, n., a cloven foot; a cloven
hoof; a forked foot.

iyi hotupa, a., lame.

iyi hotupa, n., lameness.

iyi hotupa chohmi, adv., lamely.

iyihotupali, v. t., to lame.

iyi hulhki, iyulhki, n., the calf of the
leg.

iyi imuksak, iyi imonssak, n. , the ankle.

iyi imuksak itachakalli, n., the ankle
joint.

iyi intakchi, iyintakchi,v. t., to fetter.

iyi isht abeka, a., foundered; sick in the
feet, as a horse.

iyi isht intalakchl, n. , a fetter; a hobble.

iyi isht intalakchi, pp., fettered.

iyi itabanali, v. a. i., to cross the legs.

iyi itabanali, a., having the legs crossed;
cross legged.

iyin kalankshish, iyin kolankshish
(Josh. 11: 6, 9), the hamstring; the
hock; from iyinkalaha and akshish.

iyin kalankshish tabli, v. t., to hock.

iyin kalaha, iyi kalaha, n., the knee;
the kneepan, Luke 5: 8.

iyin kalaha ali, n., knee deep; knee
high.

iyin kalaha itachakalli, n., the knee-
joint.

iyin kalaha wishakchi, n., the kneepan;
the point of the knee; the whirl bone;
the patella; the kneecap.

iyi kallo, n., the stiff leg (a disease).

iyi kinafa, a., hipped, as a horse.

iyi kinafa, n., a hipped leg.

iyin kinali, n. pi., hipped legs.

iyin kolankshish, see iyfo kalankshish.

iyin kotoba, n., the heel.

iyi Jinfa, n., a cramped foot; a cram pin

the foot,
iyi paknaka, n., the instep; the top of

the foot,
iyi pata, iyi patha, n., the sole of the

foot; lit., the spread foot, or the foot

spread, Josh. 1:3; 3:13; 4:18; Acts 7: 5;

iyi pata is the correct spelling of this

word; ' ' the spread-out foot, ' ' not ' ' the

broad foot. ' '

iyi pata boli, v. t., to bastinade.
iyi pata .paknaka, n., the instep,
iyi patha, n., a wide foot; the width of

the foot.
iyi ponkshi, a., club-footed; n., a club

foot.

iyin shilukwa, n., the calf of the leg.
iyi taha, a., tender- footed; having the

feet worn out.

iyi taha, v. n., to be tender- footed,
iyi tanakbi, n., a crooked leg; a bent leg;

a bow leg; bow shins; a., bowlegged.
iyi tanalla, n. pi., crooked legs.
iyi tikba, n., a forefoot,
iyi tilokachi, n., the foot joint; the ankle

joint.

iyi tuklo, n., a biped; two feet.
iyi ushta, iyushta, n., a quadruped,
iyimini, a., fiducial,
iyimmi, n., fiduciary,
iyinchampko, iyi champko, n., the

shin; the marrow bone; the shank.
iyinchampko foni, n., the shinbone;

the hock.

iyintakchi, iyi intakchi, v. t., to hob
ble; to fetter.

iyintalakchi, pp., hobbled; fettered,
iyinuta, a., under foot.
iyishke, n., the great toe.
iyubbachosha, n., the hip.
iyubi, iyobi, obi, n., a ham; the thigh; a

hock,
iyubi achoshoa, n. pi., the hips; the

hip joints.
iyubi achoshuli, n. sing., the hip; the

hip joint,
iyubi huski, iyabi huski, n., a stocking;

hose; hosiery.

iyubi huski isht alhfoa, n., a garter.
iyubi huski kanchi, n., a hosier; one

who deals in stockings and socks.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

219

iyubi huski kolofa, n., a sock.

iyubi huski kololi, n. pi., socks.

iyubi pakna, n., the lap.

iyubiha, iyabbiha n. pi. (from iyi and
abeha), leggings; a legging; spatter
dashes.

iyubiha isht alhfoa, n., garters for leg
gings.

iyukbal, n., the gambrel; the hind leg of
a horse.

iyukbal iti atakali, n., a gambrel; a
crooked stick used by butchers.

iyukhana, n., a cross; where four cor
ners meet.

iyukhanna, pp., crossed.

iyukhannali, v. t., to cross; to make a
cross.

iyulhki, see iyi hulhki.

iyulhki foni, n., the leg bone.

iyup, n., a son-in-law; chiyup, your son-
in-law.

iyupi, v. a. i. ; cf. nanta hatuk on minko yan
iyupi la hinla clio? 1 Sam. 18: 18, 21, 22.

iyush ali, n., the little toe; the end toe.

iyush tikba, n. , the long toe; the toe next
to the large toe.

iyushi, n., the little toe; the Bmall toes,
but iyishke is a toe.

iyushi wishakchi, n., tiptoe.

iyushta, see iyi ushta.

k, a limiting particle and suffix; k is com
pounded with at, an, and ah; k has ref
erence to the preceding word; at is nom.
and agrees; an is obj. and is governed
by k', iak fehna, Mark 13: 1; katiohmik,
Matt. 13: 4; anumpulik fehna, Matt. 9:
18, a demonstrative or a definite article,
the. The examples show this, and that
it is not a contraction; antak fehna; tala-
pik, Luke 3: 1; nunak fehna, ahashwak
fehna , Luke 3: 2[?]. Ilappa, ilappak;
wtitta, nantak; yqmma, yqmmak; achik
fena ako1*, John 4: 27[?]. k is the sign
of the demonstrative and definite arti
cle pronouns, as ak, hak, yak, kak, niak.
It follows verbs and nouns also, k being
suffixed to the preceding word.

k, sign of the past tense, as cliumpak,
which may be a contraction from
chumpa tuk, he bought; he did buy;
here k limits the act of buying. It is
thus like don't in English, k is a con
tracted form of the adv. kamo, as in ialek,
I went (for iali kamo}. k is here a

demonstrative of action, in the past
tense, indefinite, or aorist; used in the
nasal form, lakonffik.

ka, art. and rel. pro., in the accus. case or
dative case, the which; the one which;
that which, John 4: 14, 29. puta ka,
these, in the ob. case, Matt. 1 : 20; 2: 3;
k is distinctive; a, objective.

ka, kah, adv., perhaps; ishla ka, Luke 4:
34[?]; spoken by way of inquiry. The
interrogative tone makes it adverbial.

ka, euphonic, for sound's sake, in the neg.
forms of verbs, future tense, etc.; ak-
pesokachi, akpesokahe, akpesoka hinla,
akpesoka wa, akpesoka heto; the k is suf
fixed to the verb. Perhaps this k has a
designating sense, as ke and ki, in the
neg. form; akpeso ketuk, akpesoketuk,
akpesakitok, akpesokitok.

kabak, n., a noise made by a single
blow; a blow; a knock.

kabakachi, v. a. i., to make a noise.

kabakachi, n., pi., knocks; blows.

kabakachi, v. a. i., to ring; to sound
when knocked.

kabuk, n., a blow; a rap; a knock, made
on a hollow thing, as a hollow tree.

kabukachi, v. a. i., to ring.

kachakachechi, v. t., to cause to squeak.

kachanya, pp., cut with shears.

kacheli, v. t. sing., to cut with shears or
scissors; kacholi, pi.

kacheli, 11., one who cuts with shears;
a shearer.

kachin, sign of first future indie., neg.
form, as iklokachin, he will not come.

kachoa, kachowa, a., having an edge
or border like saw teeth or yam leaves;
see kalaskqchi.

kachombi, kachumbi, kochombi, a.,
hard, as a swelling; swelled; caked.

kachombi, v. n., to be hard, etc.; hichi
at kachombi; ofosik ikonla yat sJiatalit ka-
chomba, the puppy's neck is swollen
hard.

kachombi, n., a hard swelling; a cake in
the flesh; a bunch; a cancer; a cancer
ous swelling; a scirrhus; a tumor.

kachombi toba, v. a. i., to swell; to be
come swollen.

kachowa, see kachoa.

kachumbi, see kachombi, and kochombi.

kafakbi, n., a dent; a dint.

kafakbi, a., concave.

kafakbi, v. n., to be concave.

220

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kafakbi, pp., made concave; rendered
concave; dented; excavated.

kafakbichi, v. t., to make it concave; to
dent; to dint; to excavate.

kafali, pp., put into a crack or fork.

kafalichi, v. t. sing., to put into a crack;
to crowd into a place between two logs;
liolisso kia, chufak kia aboha ititakla ka
falichi.

kafanli, n. f., a gore of land or in a gar
ment.

kafoli, pp. pi., put into a crack; laid up
in a crack; kafonli, n. f.

kafolichi, v. t,, to put up in a crack.

kaha, v. a. i. pi., to fall down; to lie
down; to fall, Matt. 13: 4, 7, 8 (seeds
fell); 15: 14; 17: 6; kaiyaha, ibakaha,
alhkaha.

kaha, pp., fallen down; laid down;
staked; wagered; holisso hat kaha; kai
yaha; itibakaha, confounded together;
put together; itibqlftkaJta, summed up.

kaha, n., a fall; a bet; that which is laid
down; a lay; a wager.

kahama, pp., trodden down; hashuk at
kaha ma; kahammi, v. t.

kahama, n., a trail; that which is trod
den dowrn.

kahat manya, kahat manya, v. n., to be
down; to lie about, as on the ground.

kahato; in nana kia ikkanihmo kahato ik-
almohosh. Sermon: Duties to Children,
p. 5.

kahammi, v. t., to tread down; to bend
down; to trample down, as grass.

kahammi, n., a trampler; one that
treads down.

kahammichi, v. t., to cause to trample
down.

kahe, sign of 2d per. indie, mood, neg.
form, as iklokahe, he will not come.

kaheto, sign of 2d per. indie, mood,
double neg. form; as, iklokaheto, he will
not not come — i. e., he will surely
come.

kahinla, sign of neg. pot. mood, iklo ka
hinla.

kahioke, sign of 2d per. indie, mood,
neg. form, with a word that, terminates
n sentence, meaning, to give a little
more strength and dignity, or fullness,
of expression, to a sentence.

kahkahachi, v. a. i.. to caw, as a crow.

kahpuli, kapuli, v. t. pi., to lay them
down; to put them away or out, as
horses to feed; to set, Josh. 4: 8; 8: 13;
10: 27; isuba kahpuiii ashachi is used
for many; ilakapuli, to put by them
selves.

kaiakachi, v. a. i., to waddle; kaiaka-
hanchlt anya, to waddle along.

kaialli, n., a pacer; a pace; a racking
pace; kaialllchi, v. t., to make (a horse)
pace.

kaiilli, kaialli, v. a. i., to pace; to rack
(local).

kaiolichi, v. t., to affect the mouth, as
in eating peaches wTith the fuzz on; to
set on edge, as teeth.

kaiya, v. a. i., to englut.

kaiya, a., full; well fed; filled; pregnant,
as an animal; having young; before
birth, Matt. 14: 20.

kaiya, v. n., to be full; to be well fed;
to be pregnant, applied to animals; to
be wTith young; to teem; sakaiya, I am
full, Matt. 15: 33, 37.

kaiya, n., a bellyful.

kaiyachi, v. t., to fill; to feed well.

kak (see ak, hak, and their compounds),
the; used chiefly after verbs. It is
found also after nouns; innba kakosJi,
it rains that is it (kocha yan kapasxachi).
Compounds: kaka; koi liannali kak
ahinla, six miles that may be (the dis
tance) — kakahe, Matt. 13: 39; ontwiisht-
aiyopi kakahe — kakano — kakat — kakato
kakanto, nasal form — kakat — kakato —
kakbano — kakbat — kakbato — kakhe — kak-
heno — kakheto — kaki — kakilla, but the,
Matt. 16: 4 — kakinU, adv. — kakinli,
pro. — kakint — kakkia; a'tisli ikakkia,
Matt. 13: 22—kakon; yohm't kako", Matt.
13; 13; 14: 5, lakofirhifa Jthilakako^, I
should heal them, Matt. 13: 15, cluunim
kakon, Matt, 13: 44, 46, 4A—kakorha—
kakoka; punka kileshokakoka, it is be
cause we have taken no bread, Matt.
16; 7—kakoke; -ishikakoke, Matt. 13: 20;
haldo kakoke, ikanotuba. kakoke, Matt.
13 22; akostiitlnrhi kakoke, Matt. 13: 23;
inoina kakoke, Matt. 13: 28; a^ki aba
b'ni'dl kakokr, my Father which is in
Heaven, Matt. 16: l7—k(tkokano—knk-
okat — kakokato — kakokia — kakona — kak-
osh, John 4: 26; yohml kitkosh, Matt. 14:

BYINGTOK]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LAXOUACK

221

7; 15: 11, 20; 18: S—kakoslibti, John 4:
18 ['!]—kakot.

kakaachi, v. a. i., to caw, as a crow.
kakaachi, n., a caw.
Ka^kish, Kaakilish, n., Congress,
kalafa, pp., scratched; marked; iyi at

kalafa; aiimpa yat kalafa.
kalafa, 11. sing., a scratch,
kalakbi, n., see kolokbi.
kalaki, kalahki,ii., a lizard; a long slen
der lizard.

kalakshi, a., despised; disgraced; ruined,
as to character; without credit; broken;
abject; degraded; cashiered,
kalakshi, pp., debased; decried; depre
ciated; exploded; reduced; cursed, 2
Kings?, 9: 34.
kalakshi, v. 11., to be despised; to be

cursed, Josh. 9: 23.
kalakshi, n., a disgrace; a curse,
kalakshichi, v. t. , to disgrace; to de
grade; to cashier; to debase; to decry;
to deface; to depreciate; to dishonor;
to explode; to reduce; to slur; to curse,
kalakshichi, 11., one who degrades, etc.;

an exploder.

kalampi, akalampi, v. a. i., to freeze,
kalampi, a., frozen; congealed; frost

bitten.

kalampi, v. n., to be frozen; iyi at ka
lampi; oka yat kalampi.
kalampi, pp., frozen; congealed; ikka-

lampo, a., uncongealed.
kalampichi, v. t., to freeze,
kalancha, a., rancid; brackish.
kalancha, v. n., to be rancid; to be
brackish; nipi at kalancha; oka yat ka
lancha.

kalancha, n., rancidity; brackishness.

kalanska, n., a small frog; a name of one

kind of frog; other frogs have other

names, as halonlabi; kiba; shunkqtti, etc.

kalaskachi, kachoa, a., having a border

like saw teeth.

kalasha, pp., cut with shears, isht kala
sha, 11., shears.
kalasha, n., that which is cut with

shears.

kalaffi, v. t., to scratch,
kalam, n., ascratcher.
kalan, n., a gallon,
kalan tuklo, n., a peck; two gallons.
kalashli, v. t,, to cut with shears.
kanlhkuha, v. a. i., to cackle; to cluck.

kanlhkuha, n., a cackler; u cackling.

kalochi, see kallorlii.

kalonshi, n., the windpipe of a fowl.

kalowa, pp., notched; v. t., to notch.

kalowa, n., a notch.

kalush, n., a cabbage; a col lard.

kalushapa, 11., a cabbage eater; a cab
bage worm.

kalanfa, n., phlegm.

kalahachechi, v. t., to cause a rustling.

kalahachi, v. a. i., to rustle, as leaves;
liqsldqp at kalahachi.

kalahachi, n., a rustling.

kalali, kalali, v. t. sing., to break open,
as an egg; to contuse; to crash; to crush;
to open; kqla, pp.

kalama, a., strong; rancid; musty.

kalama, v. n., to be strong or rancid.

kalama, n., rancidity; must; a sour
smell, taste, etc.

kalamachi, v. t., to make it rancid.

kali, v. t., to bet; to wager; to lay down,
Josh. 2: 14; to stake, as a wager; to
lay; to venture; isuba kali, v. t., to bet
a horse; to stake a horse; inkali, to
bet with him, or against him; to wage;
itinkali, to bet against each other; ilekali,
to lay himself down, as an offering;
echim ilekalishke, Josh. 2: 14; ibakali, to
put with; itibakali, to mix with; to con
found together; itibakalit hotina, v. t.,
to spurn.

kali, n., one who bets.

kali, n., a wager; a stake; a lay; a bet.

kaloha, v. a. i. pi., to burst open and
spill.

kaloha, pp., burst open; itqlhfoa yqt
kaloha.

kaloha, n. pi., the bursting open; those

which are burst open.
kaloli, v. t. pi., to burst them open, as
eggs, kegs, etc. ; to break them; to crack
them; akaPkushian kaloli', see kalali.
kama, conj. but; adv.; nafohka achukma
kqt pimasJia kama; ishithaiyanahinla
kama, because that thou mayest under
stand, see Acts 24: 11; probably this
kama is composed of k and ama.
kamak at kama; mashcli kamak at kqnia,
entirely fair weather; ninak oklili kamak
at kqnia, Egyptian darkness.
kamali, v. t., to stop; to bung; inkamali,
to bung it; to plug; to preclude.

222

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kamassa, a., strong; firm; hard; brave;
hearty; aged; ripe in years; mature;
callous; inveterate; permanent; reso
lute; rigid; vigorous; solid; stable;
steadfast; stiff; straitlaced; tough; un-
pliant; unshaken; nakni kamassa pia-
Jtoke, we are brave men; ikkamqsso, un-
hardened.

kamassa, v. n., to be strong.
kamassa, v. a. i., to stiffen; itakamassa,

to settle.

kamassa, pp., strengthened; confirmed;
hardened; stiffened; itakamassa, pressed
together; strengthened by each other;
pinned; akamassa, sealed; ikakamasso,
a., unsealed.

kamassa, n., strength; firmness; hard
ness; rigidity; rigor; solidity; steadi
ness; stiffness.

kamassa, adv., rigidly; stiffly.
kamassalli, v. t., to strengthen; to con
firm; to harden; to stiffen; to toughen;
itakamqssqlli, to press them together,
as planks on a floor; to paste; to pin.
kamassalli, n., a strengthener; a sup
porter; a hardener,
kamassalli, a., strong; ripe in years;

nakni kamassalli.
kamassalli, v. n., to be strong,
kamba, adv., conj., because,
kamil, n., a camel.
kamil hishi, n., camel hair,
kamo, kamo, adv., signifying also the
immediate past tense; formed from k
and amo; alikamo, I said so; when li
or the last syllable before kamo is ac
cented, a is changed to a, as pisali-
kamo, I saw it. See chamo. It implies
that the speaker has knowledge of what
he speaks and not the hearer; kamo is
sometimes contracted to k; chumpak,
ialek; for kamo, in the nom. case, see 2
Sam. 18: 9; kamo ont iatok.
kamomi, adv., (derived from ka and amo-
Jiini iksJio ka qmoJimi, in full), in the
least degree; in the smallest amount;
used with neg. verbs as iksho kamomi,
none at all; ikachukmo kamomi, good
for nothing at all.

kampila, v. t. pi., to send; to throw; to
cast away; to reject, Matt. 8:12; 13: 40.
Perhaps this is derived from kauchi and
pi/a, kmichi, sing., means to sell, but
kampila does not.

kana, n., an intimate, Matt. 11: 19; a
friend; usually written with a prefix
pronoun, as ankana, my friend; inkana,
his friend; friendship; grace; kindness;
inkana, v. t., to befriend him; to show
kindness; hqchinkanali, hashfakanahe,
Josh. 2: 12; ikinkano, a., inimical; v. n.,
to be inimical; unkind; n., unkind-
ness; itinJcana, to befriend each other;
to favor each other; to harmonize;
itinkanat ansha, a., peaceable; itinkanat
n., mutual friends; friends; itinkana,
n., amity; friendship; harmony; peace;
itinkanali, 11., my friend; the one whom
I befriend; inkana, a., friendly; hu
mane; kind; officious; propitious;
inkana iksho, a., unfriended; inkana
keyu, adv., unfriendly.

kanakli, kannakli, v. a. i., to dodge; to
move out of the way; a single motion
like halakli; (1 Sam. 19: 10).

kanaktakli, v. a. i., to toss the head.

kanali, kanalli, v. a. i., to move; to step
one side; to remove; to go; to shift; to
come away or to go away; to depart; to
hitch; kanalli, imp., move; get out of
the way.

kanali, pp., moved; see kanalli.

kanali, n., a mover; a moving; see ka
nalli.

kanalichi, kanallichi, v. t., to move; to
remove; to take out of the way.

kananali, kananali, v. a. i. freq., to
keep moving about at or near one
place.

kananant anya, v. a. i., to be moving
about.

kanalla hinla, a,, movable.

kanallahe keyu, a., immovable; im
mutable; stationary.

kanalli, pp., removed; ikkanalto, a., un
moved; unremoved; see kanali.

kanalli, see kanali.

kanalli, n., a moving; a mover; a depar
ture; a shift; see kanali

kanallichahe keyu, a., immovable;
immutable.

kanallichi, v. t., to remove; to displace;
to move; to translate; to obviate; to
take away; to transfer; to unsettle; 2
Sam. 24: 10; see kanalicM.

kanallichi, n., a shifter.

kanalli chit binilichi, v. t., to remove
and settle; to colonize.

BYINGTON]

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223

kanallit anya, v. a. i., to move along,
and, as an adverb, gradually.

kanallit binili, v. a. i., to move and
settle.

kanaH, v. a. i., not to go far.

kanapa, n., an injury in some mysterious
witchcraft-like way; isht kanapa. — J.
Hudson.

kancha hinla, a., salable; vendible.

kanchahe keyu, a., unsalable.

kanchak, n., a corn crib; a corn house;
a barn; a corn loft; a crib; a garner;
a granary, Matt. 6: 26.

kanchak fohki, v. t., to harvest; to put
up in the crib.

kanchak foka, pp., harvested; put up in
the crib.

kanchi, v. t. sing., to sell ; Matt. 13: 44, 46;
to cede; to grant; to transfer; to alienate;
to convey; todisposeof; to part with; to
bargain away; todeal; todeliver; todis-
card; to dispose of; to eject; to fling; to
forsake; to leave; to put away, Matt.
5: 31; to reject; to throw away; to re
nounce; to castaway, Matt. 18: 8,9; to
hurl; to pass; to repudiate; to shift; to
spend; to transfer; to vend; toMTaste; to
wane; isht kanchi, v. t., to take away; abit
kanchi, to do the uttermost; kaii/anchi,
Matt. 5: 26; ilekanchi, to throw himself
away; to deny himself, Matt. 16: 24; to
give himself; ilekaiyanchi; itinkanchi, to
sell to each other, or for each other;
ilap imanumpa kanchi, v. t., to throw
away his own word, or, v. a. i., to re
cant; imokla kanchi, n., a traitor to his
own people; isht tahpatat kanchi, n., a
vendue; an auction.

kanchi, n., an alienation; a sale; a ces
sion; a transfer; a rejection; a throw7;
a vent.

kanchi, n., a seller; a caster; a rejecter;
a thrower; a vender.

kanchi, a., sale; unaccepted.

kanchi keyu, a., unsold; ungranted; un-
ceded.

kanchichi, v. t., to cause to sell.

kanichi, kanihchi, v. t. , to do with, Luke
4: 34; Matt. 27: 19; nana kanihchi, to
chasten; to chastise, Luke 6:11.

kanih, a contraction for kanihma, as kanih
pilla pit kaiyanchahe an imabahanchi;
kani, the root (like katih, nantih, nanih,
and mill) and h.

kanihma, see kanima.

kanihmi, a., convalescent; better; im
proved in health; less affected with
disease, kanihmit ia, v. a. i., to mend;
to improve in health ; kanihmit taha, pp. ,
mended, etc. ; i^kanihmi, he is better.

kanihmi, v. n., to be convalescent or
better; to get better; to improve; see
Luke 13: 24, to be able; to effect;
nan in kanihmi, v. t., to ail him; to
trouble him; to affect him with some
thing that produces uneasiness; see
nan inkaniJimi; inkanihmi, he is better,
or it is better for him.

kanihmichi, v. t., to cause to get better.

kanihmit ia, v. a. i., to mend; to get
better.

kanihmit taha, pp. , mended ; recovered.

kaninlau iksho, a., brave; not to be
conquered.

kanima, a., some, as to place or persons;
any, Matt. 18: 8. In Josh. 7:3; 8: 17,
used for u or, " as in Ai or Bethel, kani-
makia, someone; any one; either; with
a neg. verb, none, none of them; kani-
mako; kanimashinli.

kanima, v. n., to be some.

kanima, v. a. i. ; nan ashachi kat kanima
hatukma, 1 Sam. 14: 38; kanimaia, imp.,
hence; go off.

kanima, kanihma, adv., somewhere; a
while; some time; hence, Matt. 4: 10;
whither, Josh. 2: 5; where; for a sea
son; kanimaia, Luke 4: 13 [?]; kanima
minti; where, Matt. 2: 4; 6: 21; kanima
aboli, Matt. 8: 20; where to lay, Josh.
1: 7.

kanima inla kia, adv., elsewhere.

kanima kia, adv., anywhere; some
where; or, whencesoever; wheresoever;
wherever; with a neg. verb, nowhere.

kanima kia, pro., anyone.

kanima kia keyu, adv., nowhere; in no
place; no way; no ways.

kanima moma, adv., everywhere; every
place; all about, Luke 4: 37 [?].

kanimachi, kanimanchi, a., partial; ik-
kanimancho, a., impartial; pp., un
biased; ikkanimancho, n., impartiality;
kanimanchi keyu, pp., unbiased; "is no
respecter," Acts 10: 34.

kanimachi, kanimali, v. a. i., v. n., to
be partial; to despise. Matt. 5: 44; 18:
10; to act partially; kanimanchi, n. f.,

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[BULL. 46

to act with partiality; kanimaehilahe
keyu, to despise; kanimanchi, nasal
form, Matt. 6: 24.

kanimampo, a., which of two; either of
two; whichsoever; kanimampo hon; ka
nimampo hokia; kanimampo hosh; kani
mampo hot.

kanimampo keyu, a., neuter; neutral;
neither.

kanimampo kia, adv., either.

kanimash inli, adv., sometimes.

kanimash inli kia, adv., whenever.

kanimi, v. a. i., to be some; it is definite,
and kaniohmi, distinctive.

kanimi, kanimi, a., some; somebody;
certain, Luke 6: 2; Mark 2: 6; 12: 5;
13: 4, 5, 7, 8; some (seeds); kanimi kat
a^sha, kanimimat ia; kanimi hosh abeka;
kanimi hon chumpa sabqnna, I wish to
buy some one; na kanimi keyu, a.,
sound; "nothing the matter;" nan
ikinkanihmo ka hioke, "he shall be
free," Matt. 15: 5.

kanimichi, v. t. (definite), to do it some
how or in any way; kanimihcJd, v. t.,
Mark 11: 18; Matt, 10: 19; 12:14; kani-
mieclii, kaniemichi, pro. form; kanimichit
ikblt chibannakmat ikbi; kanimihinchi,
v.t., Acts 10: 39.

kanimusi, see kaniohmusi.

kaniohmi, n. (distinctive), matter; a
measure; manner; fashion; an occasion;
an occurrence; parts of; Kalili inkanioh-
mi, Matt, 2:22; face; appearance, Matt.
16: 3; pinkaniohmi, our business, Josh.
2:14, 20.

kaniohmi (see akaniohmi), a., any, as
nitak kaniohmi, any day, Matt. 4: 6;
being of some sort or of some kind; in
some way or time, Luke 13: 25; some;
certain, Matt. 9: 3; 12: 38; some, i, e., a
part, Josh. 8: 22; wak kaniohmi chimala-
chfo, I will give you a cow of some kind.

kaniohmi, v. t., to do; Chisas at
akaniolimilokan, John 21: 25; Acts 1: 1;
Matt. 6: 3.

kaniohmi, v. n., to be of some sort, Matt.
5: 20; to be in some way or time, etc.,
Luke 5: 19; Matt. 26:24; 10:42; kauioh-
ni i, is the responding form of katiohmi,
or katiohmi is transitive and kaniohmi
intransitive; kaniohntahe ikithmio, a.,
dubious, Luke 18: 17; kanioJimif ojl'o,

how they grow, Matt, 6: 28; kaniohmi
tokba; kanioht, a contracted form.

kaniohmi, v. a. i., to do somehow; ka-
nioJunilahe keyu.

kaniohmi, n., a sort; a kind; a fact,
ok/a kaniohmi moma, valleys of every
kind, i. e., all valleys, Luke 3: 5.

kaniohmi chishba, a., uncertain; in a
way unknown.

kaniohmi chishba, v. n., to be uncer
tain; to be in a way unknown.

kaniohmi foka hon, adv., when, Josh.
2:18; 3:3.

kaniohmi kash, adv., wrhen, in time
past.

kaniohmi kia, adv., somehow; in any
way whatever; of any kind; however,
Matt. 18: 7.

kaniohmichi, v. t., to cause it to be some
how or of some fashion; to do to, Josh.
8:2; 9:3; to do unto; to do as a custom,
1 Sam. 2: 13, 22; to do, Ps. 37: 8; to
improve opportunity, Matt. 26: 16.

kaniohmiho, adv., somehow.

kaniohmikma, a., occasional; some
time; sometimes.

kaniohmusi, kanimusi, 11., a particle;
diminutive of kaniohmi.

kanliksho, n., tenderness.

kanliksho, a. (from kqllo and ikslio),
tender; not strong; not hard; not tough;
fragile.

kanliksho, v. n., to be tender.

kannakli, a form of halakli, shabakli,
chiksanakli; see 1 Sam. 19: 10.

kanni, see kani.

kano, art., the, the which, a distinctive
art. pro. indicating contrast; the letter
k is definite with ano, distinctive; also
a rel. pro., hatakputa kano, Matt. 6:18.

kanon, adv., here and there; used in
the sing; kanon pit ishchgffichashke, send
her away to another place, Matt, 15: 23;
for pi. see Acts 5: 40; kanon pit Jtika, to
stagger; kanont kanchi; kanon pit kam-
pila, to throw them away; kauon pit
tildi, to send them off. This is some
times written kano/npit, Matt. 13: 36;
15: 23.

kanon, n., different places, or another
place; kanon may be a contraction of
kaniohmi, like katio of katiolnni.

kanoha, art., rel. pro., the, the which.

BTINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

225

kanohmi, a., how many, Matt. 16: 9;
some; several, Luke 5: 18; various, used
to make the plural number, as hatak
kanohmi, men, Josh. 7: 2; habik kanohmi
hash minti.

kanohmi, v. 11., to be some.

kanohmi kia, howsoever.

kanomi, n., relations; kindred; used with
prefix pronouns, as akanomi, chinka-
nomi, inkanomi, etc.; itinkanomi, kins
folk; mutual relations.

kanomi, a., related; inkanomi, related to
him; itinkanomi, related to each other.

kanomi, v. n., to be related; haxhit in
kanomi, you are related to each other.

kanomona, a. (from kanomi and ona],
several; many, John 2: 12; some; sun
dry.

kanomona, v. n., to be numerous or

many; to amount to several,
kanomona, n.. a number; a parcel; a

quantity,
kanompit, Matt, 13: 36; see kanon for

the correct orthography of kanompit.
kanomusi, kanimusi, a., very few; very

little; a few; a little, Josh. 7: 3.
kanomusi, v. n., to be small, little, etc.
kanomusi, n., a small quantity; a small

number; a pittance, Matt. 15: 34.
kantak, n., the kind of brier from which

bread is made; a smilax.
kantak api, n., a bramble; a brier,
kantak paska, n., kantak bread; brier-
root bread.
kantali, v. a. i., to press; to crowd, like

the houses in a city, or people, Mark

5: 27, 31; see akanlali.
kanumpa, n., name of a weed which

grows in low grounds.
kapali, v. t, to hold in the mouth; to

put into one's own mouth; hakchuma

kapali, he holds tobacco in his mouth,
kapali, pp., put in the mouth,
kapali, n., that which is put in the

mouth, as a bridle bit.
kapali isht talakchi, n., bridle reins;

a rein; see ixuba kapali, etc.
kapali isht talakchi nushkobo foka,

n., headstall.
kapalichi, v. t., to put into the- mouth

of another; pi. kapa.
kapassa, a., cold; icy; frosty; fresh;

frigid; gelid; phlegmatic; raw; re-
843"0 ° P>ul I. 40 — 1 ~> 1 ,j

pulsive; rigorous; wintry; lukfi kapassa
chohmi, clay cold.

kapassa, v. n., to be cold. This does
not mean the sensation of cold; hm-Jmk-
wa means to feel cold, to experience
cold, as a sensation.

kapassa, n., coldness; a cold; frigidity;
iciness; strangeness.

kapassa, pp., cooled; damped; re
freshed; tall at kapassat taha.

kapassa, v. a. i., to cool.

kapassa fehna, a., hard; very cold.

kapassachi, a., cool; kucha kapafisachi,
cool wreather.

kapassachi, v. n., to be cool.

kapassachi, v. t., to cool; to make cool;
to refrigerate; to shadow; to shade, or
to refresh by shade.

kapassalli, v. t., to cool; to refresh; to
refrigerate; umba kakosh kucha y«n ka
passachi, the rain cools the weather.

kapash, n. ; usld kapash, cane tongs; a
large cane is bent double; luak isht
kapash, fire tongs (not used).

kapko, n., a large hickory nut.

kapucha, n., ball sticks, such as the
Choctaw use at ball plays.

kapulhachi, v. a. i., to crunch.

kapuli, see kahpuli.

kapuli, v. a. i., to champ.

kapuli, n., a champer.

kapulichi, v. a. i., to champ.

kapun, n. , a shagbark hickory nut.

kapun api, n., a shagbark hickory.

kasali, kasalichi, v. t., to strike with
a stick.

kasmo, kosmo, n., a turkey-feather
shawl or robe worn by the ancient
Choctaw.

kasolichi, v. t. sing., to thump; alia
nushkobo yan kasolichi, to thump the
child's head with the thumb and fin
ger.

kasuha, pi., to thump.

kash, kash, immediate past tense arti
cle and rel. pro.; see asJi, liash, chash,
(which is remote past tense, ) etc., adv.,
last; late; lately, Matt. 2:21; puta kash,
the said, i. e., plural, Matt. 8: 16; 11:
20; Compounds: kathano — kashato —
kashin — kashinU, Matt. 5: 25 — kashke—
knshket, rel. pro., that which; the same
that; as ali kashket, that is what I said;
this form is not much used; it is called

226

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

a hard expression, — kashkia — kaxhkinj
kasltkint, rel. pro., nasal form, being
the same; that which — kashon; nanl
tuklo aiena kasha™, the two fishes also,
Matt. 14: 19; nana kasha™ , whatsoever,
Matt. 15: 5 — kashoclia — kashoka — kasho-
kakon — kashokakocha — kashokakosh —
kashokano — kashoke — kashokia — kasho-
kat — kashokato — kashona — kashosh ; am-
intili kashosh, Matt. 12: 44; Josh. 2:5;
6: 8—kaahot.

kashapa, v. a. i., to divide.

kasfrapa, pp., divided, as a part, in two;
parted; subtracted; itakasltapa, divided
into two; halved; separated; sundered;
divided against itself, Matt. 12: 25;
ikkashapo, a., undivided.

kashapa, n., a half; a part; a division;
a proportion; a share; a snack.

kashapa ishi, v. a. i., to share.

kashabli, v. t. sing., to divide; to sepa
rate; to part; to subtract; itakashabli,
v. t., to half; to separate from each
other into two parts; to sunder.

kashabli t ishi, v. a. i., to share.

kasheho, a. fern, gender, old; aged.

kasheho, v. n., to be old or aged; ohoyo
hat kasheho; isuba hat kasheho.

kasheho, n., age; anility; old age.

kanshi, n., a bird which eats poke ber
ries and black-gum berries.

kanshka lusa, n., the name of a fish.

kanshkachi, v. a. i., to squeak; to grate,
as the hinges of a door.

kanshkachi, n., a squeaking; a grating.

kashke, iieg. form of ashke; as ialashke,
let me go, or I will go; akaiyukashke,
let me not go; I will not go.

kashkoa, kashkoa, pi. of kashapa,
v. a. i., to divide; to separate; kashkoli,
v. t., to divide.

kashkoa, pp., divided; separated; ita-
kashkoa.

kashkoa, n., divisions; parts; portions.

kashofa, a., tidy; unspotted; clean;
cleanly; immaculate; pure; neat; null;
ikkasJtofo, a., impure; unclean; un-
cleansed; un faded; unpardoned; un-
repealed; unwashed.

kashofa, v. n., to bo clean.

kashofa, v. a. i., to fade.

kashofa, pp., faded; cleansed; forgiven;
erased; blotted out; clarified; cleared;
effaced; expunged; expurgated; fined;

freed; fulled, as cloth; justified; oblit
erated; pardoned, Luke 5: 20; purg-
ated; purified; quashed; razed; refined;
vacated; wiped; chinkashofahoke, Matt.
9: 2; 12: 31; inkashofo, remitted to him.

kashofa, n., a cleansing; a pardon; a jus
tification; a purgation; a purification;
cleanness; fairness; fineness; refine
ment; tidiness; ikkashofo, impurity;
ikinfcashofo, a.-, unremitted.

kashofa hinla, a., pardonable, venial.

kashofahe keyu, a., unfading; unpar
donable.

kashofat, adv., neatly.

kashoffl, (kasholi, pi.,) v. t., to clean;
Matt. 8: 2; to cleanse; to wash clean;
to erase; to cross out; to forgive; Matt.
6: 12, Luke 5: 21; to cancel; to clarify;
to efface; to expunge; to expurgate; to
fade; to fine; to free; to justify; to null;
to obliterate; to pardon; to purge; to
purify; to quash; isht kashoffi, to offset.

kashoffi, n., a cleanser; a justifier.

kashoffi, n., a purgation; a purification;
a rasure; a refinement.

kashoffichi, v. t., to make clean; to
clean another; to bleach; to blanch; to
cleanse; to crop; to erase; to expunge;
to expurgate; to full or scour cloth; to
obliterate; to purify; to rase; to refine;
to repeal; to try; to vacate.

kashoffichi, n., a refiner.

kashoffichit kanchi, v. t., to cancel; to
forgive; to blot out; to wipe out; to
erase.

kashokachi, v. a. i., to rub against.

kashokachi, pp., wiped; rubbed;
brushed; scoured.

kasholichi, v. t,, to wipe; to brush; to
scour; to rub; to dust; to mop; to
scrub; to swab; from kasholi.

kasholichi, n., a scourer; a wiper, etc.;
one who wipes; kasholihinchi, freq.,
Luke 7: 44.

katali, v. a. i., to gird; to pinch; isJit
ilakatuli, they girded themselves with,
Gen. 3: 7; katanli, nasal form; ila katali,
to gird one's self.

katanli, n., a girding; strictness.

katanli, a., girded; drawn tight, as a
ligature; bound tight; close; strict;
tight.

katanli, adv., tightly.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

227

katanlichi, v. t., to draw tight round

another person; to bind tight; to brace;

to pinch; to squeeze; to straighten; to

tighten; kataya, pp.
katapa, v. a. i., to divide; to separate;

to break,
katapa, pp., divided; cutoff; intercepted;

headed, as cattle separated; stemmed;

withheld; precluded; inkatapa, he is cut

off, or to cut him off.
katapa, n., a division.
katapoa, v. a. i. pi., to divide,
katapoa, pp., divided; ikatapoa.
katapoH, v. t. pi., to cut them off; to

intercept; to head; inkatapoli, to cut

them off; to head them,
kataya, pp., squeezed; see katanli.
katabli, v. t., to divide; to separate; to

intercept; to fend; to withhold; irak

inkatabli, head the cow; stop the cow;

inkatqbli, to preclude; to shed; to stop;

to trammel.
katabli chi, v. t., to cause to head, or

intercept, or to do it, i. e., to head by

another.
kati, kati, a word used in compound

words; katiohmi, katihmi; see kani.
katichi, see katihchi.
katim, v. t., to cut off; sing, katoli.
katih, why; nanta katih; kaniJi, kati, or

katih is used in compounding words.
katih (from kani}, kat it hashmanyah?,

what are you about? Similar verb to

mih; also cf. nantih from natiiJi.
katihchi, katichi, katichi, v. t., to do

with; nanta ishtishkatichachin? what

will you do with it?
katihmi (from katiJi and mih); naw katih-

miho* why? Mark 2: 7.
katirna, katima (from kati and ma),

adv. , where; anywhere; whence; whith
er; also pro., which, katima kakosJ/, Mark

12: 28; hachi katima, what of ye, Matt.

12: 11.

katimafoka, adv., whereabout,
katimaho, where; which; hash katima

kakosh, which of you, Matt. 6: 27.
katimahosh, where; which.
katimaian, which; hatak katimaia, which

man?
katimakakosh, what, Matt. 7: 9; hatak

hash katimakakosh .

atimakakosh, whether of two, Mark

2:9; katim ampokakosh, Matt. 9: 5.

katimakon, where; whence, John 1 : 48;
which; whence, Matt. 2: 2; 13: 54; 15:
33; katimak, from katima and k, defi
nite.

katimampo, which of two; whether,
Luke 5: 23; whichsoever.

katimampo aiyukali kakosh, which of
all, Luke 6: 9 [?].

katimampo ho, which; whom, in ob
jective case.

katimampo ka, which; tanampo katima-
mampo ka, which of the two guns.

katimampo kakon, which.

katimampo kakosh, which one is it
of the two, Matt. 9: 5; hash katimampQ
kakosh hashiachi; katimampo kakoslt
ahchiba kat iklauwo cho? "whether (of
two) is easier," Matt. 9: 5; katimampo
kat; katimimampo kat.

katimi; katima heto, it will come to noth
ing; katima wa, it will not be.

katimichi, katihmichi, v. t,, to do in
some way; katimichit ishhoJcchi, how
did you plant it? Luke 19: 15 [?]; kati-
minchi, nas. form.

katiohmi, katiohmi, v. t., to do, Luke
3: 10; to do somehow; how? Matt.
18: 12; katiohmili, Luke 18: 18; nanta
katiohmi han? why.

katiohmi, what, Matt. 17: 25.

katiohmi, a., pp., done in some way;
after some manner; of some kind.

katiohmi, v. n., to be done in some way;
to be after some manner, or, how is it;
katiohmi hokakosh itappat yamohrna
hinla cho? after what manner is it that
this can be done? John 3:9; katiohmit
hachii/imma tea, it is no way that ye
will believe, John 3: 12; katiohmi hosh
yammichi.

katiohmi, adv., how; in what manner;
of what kind; katiohmit ishiachin, how
will you go? chikatiohmi cho, how d'ye,
or, how do you do — katohmifohka, adv.,
when; in what manner is it; about
what time is it — katiohmi foka kash,
about what time was it; when was it —
katiohmi foka kashon, when was it — kati
ohmi foka mako, when — katiohmi foka
makosh, when — katiohmi hon, how:
wherefore; how is it, Matt. 10: 11 —
katiohmi hosh, how — katiohmi ka — kati
ohmi kakon, how is it — katiohmi kakosh,
how is it — katohmi kash, when was it?

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[BULL. 46

katiohmi kash islda? — katiohmi kasha,
when was it; at what time was it —
Jcatiohmikma, when; katiohmikma ishia-
clnn? when will you go? — katiohmikma-
kon, when — katiohmit, how; whence.

katiohmi hon, why, Matt. 7: 4; 17: 10,
19; katiohmi ho™? how is it? 2 Sain.
14:2[?].

katiohmichi, v. t., to do it in some way,
Matt, 10: 25; 1 Sam. 5: 8; Josh. 7: 9.

katioht, cont, of katiohmi; chishno akosh
kcttioht issanlakofalilnla chimahoba.

kato, kato, hatoha, the; that which;
who.

katoba, see kotoba.

katohmi, a., how many.

katohmi, katomi, adv., how many,
Matt. 15: 34; what number, John 4:
53 [?]; katohmi, a.; katohmi, v.n; katohmi
Ito; katohmia; katomona; katomola, etc.

katohmona, a. (from katolnni and ona) ,
several; sufficient number; coming to
some.

katohmona (from katolnni and ona,}, v.
n., to come to, or amount to several;
katomonahatukosh iktalo, because there
was not a sufficient number they did
not finish it.

katola, pp., cut up, as ahe katola, pota
toes cut for planting.

katoli, v. a. i. pi., to cut off, as alie ka-
toll, to cut potatoes; karijji, sing., to cut
in two, as firewood, ribs, etc.

katomi, see katolnni.

kaua, see kauwa.

kauasha, a., aged; middle aged; liatak
kauadia, a middle-aged man.

kauasha, v. n., to be middle aged.

kauashachi, a., near to middle age;
somewhat advanced in years.

kauashachi, v. n., to be somewhat ad
vanced in years.

kauehto, kau.ih.to, n., glue; si/e; the
name of a wild vine.

kauwa, kaua, a., broken; full! kanwa,
broken twigs.

kauwa, v. n., to be broken.

kauwa, v. a. i., to break.

kauwi, v. t. sing., to break.

kauwichi, v. t. pi., to break; to break
down; to cause them to break.

kawa, sign of double neg.; ikiiihitn kan-a,
Luke IS: 7 [?].

kawa, pp., broken; kdun-ichi, v. t.

kawa, v. a. i., to break.

kanwa, kawa, v. a. i., to bark, as a fox;

to sing, as insects on trees.
kanwa, n., a fox which barks.
kabaha, kapaha, v. t. pi., to beat; to

pound; to hammer; to drub.
kabaha, n., a beater; a hammerer.
kabahachi; v. a. i., to rumble, as a

wagon in motion on hard ground.
kabalichi, v. t. sing., to beat; to strike.
kachakachechi, v. t., to make it creak,

as a door hinge.

kachakachi, v. a. i., to creak; to squeak.
kachakachi, n., a creaking; a creak; a

squeak,
kachi, pi. termination of passives, Ch.

Sp. Bk., Table 31.
kafa, pp., dipped; isht kafa, dipped out

with; 11., a ladle.
kafabicha, n., a coffee-pot spout.
kafafotoha, n., a coffee mill,
kafahonni, n., a coffee boiler; a coffee

pot.
kafaialhto, n., a coffee pot (used on the

table); a coffee sack, bin, box, etc.
kafaiishko, n., a coffee cup; a coffee

saucer.

kafaiishko aiontala, n., a salver,
kafaiishko ataloha, n., a waiter,
kafaiontala, n., a salver; a waiter,
kaffi, v. t., to dip out; to take out with

a ladle; -isJtt kaffi, to dip out with,
kafi, n., sassafras; but^t* kaji is also sassa
fras or sassafras tree,
kafi, n., coffee, being an imitation of the

English name,
kafi auashli, v. t, to parch coffee; to

brown coffee.

kafi ho mi, n., strong coffee,
kafi honi, v. t., to boil coffee.
kafi honni, n., boiled coffee,
kafi lakchi, n., coffee grounds.
kafi nihi, n., a coffee berry or seed; a

coffee kernel,
kafi okchimali, n., green coffee; West

India coffee.

kafi tohbi, n., white coffee; Java coffee,
kahchi, v. t., to cut with shears; pass.,

kacJiayct,.

kala (from kalli), pp., scratched.
kalaha, a., round, as a wheel or log; III

kalaha, a truck wheel,
kalaha, v. n., to be round,
kalaha, n., a wheel; a round; a rundle.

BYTNGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

229

kalakachi, v. a. i., to gulp; also a noise
made in the throat by swallowing; see
kolak.

kalanchah, v. a. i., to be hoarse.

kali, n., a spring of water; a fountain;
a font; a fount; a well.

kali ah.olih.ta, n., the curl) of a well
above ground; a well curb.

kali hapi oka, n., a salt spring; a brine
spring; a saline.

kali hof obi, n., a well; a deep well; a
deep spring.

kali kula, n., a dug spring.

kali oka, n., well water; spring water.

kalli, v. t., to scratch; to claw.

kalli, n. , a scratch.

kallo, a., strong; athletic; powerful;
mighty; brawny; cogent; firm; hard;
tough; stiff; callous; acute, as a dis
ease; severe; bony; braced; able; en
ergetic; forcible; furious; hardy; harsh;
hearty; heavy; high; inveterate; lusty;
masculine; nervous; obdurate; pithy;
potent; powerful; profound; resistless;
rigid; solid; vigorous; violent; boister
ous, Matt. 14: 30; robust; rough; sin
ewed; sinewy; stable; steadfast; steady;
stern; stout; straightlaced; strict; stub
born; sturdy; substantial; tense; tight;
trusty; tyrannical; unrelenting; un
shaken; valiant; valid; itinkqllo, mutu
ally strengthened; strong against each
other; ikkqllo, a., enervate; faint; flat;
flimsy; soft; stale; unfirni; infirm; un-
hardened; unseasoned; unsolid; un
sound; unstable; weak; weakly.

kallo, adv., rigidly; stiffly; straitly, Josh.
6: 1; ikkqllo, adv., weakly.

kallo, v. n., to be strong, etc.

kallo, v. a. i., to act with strength; to
harden; to indurate; to rage; to stiffen;
isJikqllashke, you must act with vigor.

kallo, pp., made strong; strengthened;
hardened; confirmed; consolidated;
enforced; established; fixed; indu
rated; invigorated; ratified; seared;
set; tempered; ikkqllo, enervated;
softened.

kallo, 11., strength; vigor; power; hard
ness; energy; firmness; force; harsh
ness; intensity; might; nerve; pith;
potency; rigidity; severity; sinew; so
lidity; steadiness; stiffness; stress;

strictness; valor; violence; virtue;

ikkqllo, feebleness; weakness.
kallo alhpesa, strong enough.
kallo inshaht tali, a., .strongest.
kallo inshaht tali, v. n., to be strongest.
kallo inshali, a. , stronger.
kallo inshali, v. n., to bo stronger.
kallo keyu, n., inability.
kallo keyu, adv., loosely.
kallo keyu, a., powerless; without

strength.
kallochi, kalochi, v. t,, to straighten; to

temper; to toughen, Matt. 9: 30; 12:

16; 16: 20; to harden; to strengthen; to

make strong, as coffee, rum, etc.; to

confirm; to consolidate; to corroborate;

to enforce; to establish; to indurate;

to invigorate; to ratify; to sear; to

season; to stiffen; ikkqllocho, v. t., to

dilute; to weaken; to enervate; ikkqllo-

chochi, v. t., to enervate.
kallochi, n., a hardener; a strengthener;

an enforcer; a ratifier.
kallochit hilechi, v. t., to fix.
kallot, adv., with hardness; severely;

strongly.
kallot flopa, v. a. i., to heave; to breathe

hard.

kallot hika, pp., rooted.
kallot ia, v. a. i., to strengthen; to

toughen.

kallot ishi, v. t., to engrasp.
kallot ishi, a. , tenacious.
kallot islit ia, v. a. i., to rankle.
kala, v. a. i. sing., to burst open, as an

egg; to open.
kala, pp., burst open; contused; crushed;

opened; kalali, v. t.
kala, n., a bursting open; a breaking; a

contusion; see kula.
kalahachechi, v. t., to cause to clatter;

to make a rattling; to clatter.
kalahachi, v. a. i., to clatter; to rattle.
kalahachi, n., a rattling; a clattering.
kalali, v. t., to burst; to open,
kama, pp., stopped; inkqma, precluded;

isJtt inkqmakqclti, v. t., to uncork.
kamahachechi, v. t., to cau^e to tinkle,
kamahachi, v. a. i., to tinkle, as a bell,
kamahachi, 11., the tinkling of a bell.
kamakachi, komahachi, komakachi,

11., pi., knocks; raps; blows on a bell.
kamakachi, v. a. i., to ring, as a bell.

230

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kammi, v. t. pi., to stop up; to plug;
inkammi, to plug them up.

kamo, kamo (q. v. ), adv., having the
sense of the immediate past tense;
kamo is distinctive of a known object
and implies immediate past time. See
chamo for the remote; was so, did, etc.,
John 4: 54; hakqmo, chokqmo.

kamomi, kamomi (q. v.), kammohmi,
adv., at all; in the least degree; in the
smallest amount, Luke 4: 2. This word
is compounded from the art. pro. ka
and the verb amohmi; iksho ka amohmi.

kana, n., a person.

kana, a., anyone.

kana, v. n., to be anyone.

kana iksho, a., vacant; no one present.

kana keyu, pro., no one; nobody.

kana kia, pro., anyone, Matt. 13: 19;
somebody; anybody; whosoever, John
3 : 16 ; 2 : 25 ; whoever ; whomsoever, Matt.
5:41; 10: 14; kana imma kia, towards
whomsoever; kqnaimmi kia, whosoever;
to whomsoever, etc.

kanaho, pro., who so; he that; to whom,
Matt. 11: 27.

kanaho Ma, pro. , anyone whatever.

kanahosh, pro., anyone; who, Matt. 10:
11; he that, Matt. 10: 22; 13: 9; whoso
ever; he that, Josh. 2: 19; John 3: 18;
4: 36; Matt. 5: 31, 32; he; whosoever,
Matt. 7: 8; 18:4; 7: 24; 10:32,33,37,38;
18: 4; whoso, Matt. 18: 5, 6.

kanalichi, kanallichi, kanalichi (q. v.),
v. t., to remove.

kananali, kananli, kanananli, kana-
nali (q. v. ), v. a. i. freq., to keep mov
ing about.

kanapachi, v. t., to catch, Mark 12: 13

kani, kanni, contracted, I presume, from
kaniina, anywhere, somewhere; see
John 6: 67. See kati. Acts 14: 18; ka-
nicJii, causative form.

karda, a., pp., gone; lost; strayed; de
parted; dead; obviated; removed; trans
lated; kqnlnlhya, went away swiftly,
Luke 24: 31; kqnnla, intensive form.
This, word makes its changes of form
like yauqlli, binili, yanananli, binhdnli,
kanananli, kaninihya, instead of yan-
ohanli, etc.

kania, (the sing, number of tqrnoa or
taniinoa), \. n., to be gone or lost; to stray
away, Mutt. 18: 12; kqninihija, to go

away suddenly, Luke 24: 31; inkqnia,
v. t., to lose, Matt. 10: 39; he loses or
it is lost to him, Matt. 16: 25; inkqnia,
n., a loser.

kania, v. a. i., to go away, Matt. 13: 25;
to disappear; to elope; to pass; to
escape; to spend; to stray; to vanish;
to wrag; itakqnia, to go away from each
other or together, as to offset accounts;
itfakania, to leave each other, as man
and wife when they part, Matt. 5: 31;
itinkqnia, to go off together, as in run
away or clandestine matches; kqniqt ia,
to dwindle; itakqnia, v. t., to offset; to
go away together.

kania, n., a departure; a loss; the one
who goes away; expense; a fugitive; a
stray.

kania, pp., exiled; taken away; ex
pended; kanqlli, v. a. i., to move one's
self; kanallichi, v. t., to remove it, them,
etc.

kania, adv., entirely; alotqt kqnia, en
tirely full; okshilintqt kqnia, Luke 4: 25;
5: 1 [?].

kaniachi, v. t., to lead astray; to cause
to be lost, gone, etc.

kanichi, see kanichi.

kanimi, see kanimi.

kannakli, kannakli, v. a. i. sing., to
move quickly once; see 1 Sam. 19: 10.

kano, kano (q. v.), the which; that
which; see ka, kqt, and kqto.

kapa, pi. of kapalichi.

kapaha, see kqbaha.

kapbat, n. (Kng. ), a cupboard.

kapitani, kapotani, n. (Span. ), a captain,
Josh. 5: 14; a centurion; tqshkachipota
inkqpetqni, a military captain; a captain
among the Choctaw is a civil as well
as military officer or ruler.

kapitani iakaiya, n., a vicegerent.

kapitani imanumpeshi, n. , a lieutenant.

kas, n., a noise made by striking on the
head.

kasachi, v. a. i., to sound, or say kqs;
noti kqsanchi, to chatter, an the teeth,
with cold.

kasahachi, v. a. i., to patter; v. t., to
ring.

kasbi, n., a dooryard; any place made
smooth and hard; a court.

kasbi, pp., trod hard and made smooth.

kasbichi, v. t., to make a kqsbL

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

231

kaskaha, a., sour; acid; tart; acetous.

kaskaha, v. n., to be sour or acid; v. a. i.,
to turn sour; to become sour; to sour.

kaskaha, n., sourness.

kaskahachi, v. t., to make it sour; to
sour.

kassa, v. a. i., to ring; to tinkle.

kassaha, v. a. i. pi., to ring; to tinkle.

kassahachi, v. a. i., to tinkle; to patter.

kassahachi, n., a tinkling.

kash, see kash.

kashaha, n., a relish; a savor; zest.

kashaha, a., sweet; palatable; pleasant
to the taste; dulcet; nice.

kashaha, pp., seasoned; ikkashaho, un
palatable; unseasoned.

kashaha, v. n., to be pleasant to the
taste.

kashaha, v. a. i., to relish; to savor; in-
kashaha, v. t., to relish; to love; ikinkash-
alio, to disrelish.

kashahachi, v. t., to season; to render
pleasant to the taste; to cause to relish;
to give a relish ; to relish ; to zest.

kasheho, n., an old woman, applied to
a man's wife when aged.

kashin, see kash.

kashka, n., name of a fish; the catfish.

kashke, neg. form in the indie., as ak-
pesokashke, I do not see.

kashkoa, pi., kashapa sing., divided;
itakqshkoa, divided into parts; Josh. 11:
23; allotted; dispensed; parted; shared.

kashkoa, v. a. i. pi., to divide into parts;
itakashkoah, to divide among themselves
or with each other; see kashkoa.

kashkoa, n., a division; a partition;
itakashkoa, n., a partition.

kashkoachi, v. t., to divide; itakashko-
acJii, to divide for others, Luke 18: 22

kashkoli, pi., kashabli, sing., v. t., to
divide them; to deal; to dispense; ita-
kashkoli, to divide among others, Josh.
1: 6; 13: 6, 7; itakashkoli, to divide
them into parts; to allot; to dispense;
to disperse; to lot; to part; to propor
tion; to separate; to share; itinkashkuli,
to share out among them.

kashkolit kampila, v. t., to retail.

kashkolit kampila, n., a retailer.

kashti, n., a iiea.

kashti akobli, 11., flea bites.

kashti akopoli, n., a flea bite.

kat, art., the; made by prefixing k de
monstrative to at, Matt. 18: 14.

kat, art. and rel. pro., the; which; that
which; what; n. case; kat is used in the
place of at when at is removed from a
noun and placed after an adjective
agreeing with it, as Jtatak at, Jtatak
acJiukma kat, and hatak ohoyo aiena kat;
chula hat chito kat ofi an, the fox in size
is greater than a dog; used here for
specification; if less would be ildauo
hoke.

kata, interrog. pro., who, John 1: 19,
22; 2 Kings 9: 32; kaia chia lion? who
art thou? Compounds: kata Jtan, obj.
case, whom — kata- hakon, obj. case,
whom; to whom; for whom; by whom,
Matt. 12: 27— kata hakoth [?], nom.
case, who is it; who, John 4: 33— kata
hat — kata hon, obj. case, to whom; for
whom; what one of some kind; whom,
Matt. 16: 13, 15— kata hokako—kata ho-
kakosh, Luke 5: 21 — kata Jiosh, kata hash
mintahe keyn, no person will come; who,
Matt. 18: 1 — kata ilaj)on, whose.

kata, pro., any one; kata hosh anola heto,
any one shall not tell, or no one shall
tell.

katanih, v. a. i., to breathe hard; "of
hard breathing."

kateh'chi, v. t., to clip off.

kati, 11., a thorn; a locust tree; a honey
locust; a locust.

kati, see kati.

kati ancho, n.., a wild rose.

kati chito, a., thorny.

kati holba, n., a thorn.

kati laua, a. , thorny.

katichi, see katihchi.

katihmichi, see katimichi.

katima, see katima.

katiohmi, see katlohmi.

kato, art. and rel. pro., the one; that
which; the one which; kanimi kato,
some, Matt, 16: 14.

kattit; nanta kat I'd 'dapcla hinla.

kbano, ikbano (q. v.), okbano (q. v. ),
oh that!, sign of optative mood; O, int.
This is a compound word from k demon
strative, and bauo, all; only; the all;
the only. This is the disjunctive form,
while kbato is the conjunctive; yohmi-
kbato, he wants to try it; let him try,
being his own wish and act. This

232

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

statement helps to explain these ex
pressions; kbano, what others may
wish, not of themselves, but of another;
kbato, what one wishes to be or to have
himself; and when others use it con
cerning a man, it is rather a reproach
ful expression. But see okbato, Luke
19: 42.

kbato, ikbato, okbato, oh that! See
above.

ke, first per. pi., per. pro., before verbs
in neg. form, which begin with a con
sonant, eminti, keminto; ela, kelo; echanli,
kechanlo.

ke, per. pro., first per. pi., imp. mood,
of verbs which begin with a consonant,
as keminti, kechanli (let us chop), and
in the neg. form imp., as keminto kia,
kecJianlo kia.

ke, adv., usually; commonly, as kanche
ke, isht anumpule ki, John 3: 34; Luke
4: 27.

ke, a euphonic word, before tuk, mail,
etc., in the neg. form of verbs, as
akpeso ke tnk, akpeso kemali; it has the
power of designation also.

kebibi, n., the noise of two talking.

keh, ke, final syllable of some particle
pronouns, etc., as oke, achinke, yakeh,
tosJike, shke, omislikeh, ikikkeli, calling
attention and asserting.

kehepa, n., noise of many voices; see
kihepa.

keho, per. pro., first per. social pi., before
verbs in neg. form beginning with a
consonant; kehominto, kehochanlo.

keho, per. pro., first per. social pi., imp.
mood, of verbs beginning with a con
sonant, as kehominti, kehochanli, kelio-
tisheli, (let us disperse), and in the neg.
form imp., as kehochanlokia, kehoiniu-
tokia.

kesh, kash, and; with neg. verb, neither,
John 4: 15; see ket and kish.

ket (for Aw//, above), rel. pro., who,
Luke 18: 32 [?]; in Luke 1:7; alia i/at
ikitnikxlio ket. <>kla Jtoslt, etc.; the I of
ket in conjunctive and puts okln in the
dual number; kefo, keton; kctonut, adv.,
laxJifxi ketoiiin, always and known.

ketoshke, adv.; e/n^ilic kcifn kctuxhke.

keyoli. This differs from AV//H in some
way.

keyu, adv., no; nay, Matt. 5: 37; not.

keyu, v.'n., Mark 9: 28; keyukeluk.

keyu, n., a negative, a negation; a nay,
as the "nays."

keyu, a., no; not any; as hatak keyu, no
man.

keyu, v. n., to be no; to be not any; keyut,
Gal. 6; 4; keyu hoke, Matt. 6: 1; 2 Tim.
3: 5; Matt. 6, 23, 24; Josh. 5: 14.

keyuachi, v. t., to contradict; to deny;
to say no; to refuse; to negative.

keyuchi, to cause no, or not to do or to
be, Matt. 22: 34.

keyuchohmi, a., rare.

keyuhokmat, if it is not so; or except,
John 3: 5, 27.

keyukechi, v. t., to set at naught; see
yammakaslion na keyukechi, set him at
naught, Luke 23: 11.

keyukma, or; if not; unless; otherwise;
without; lest, Matt. 5: 25; 6: 1; 7: 6,
10; 13: 35; 9: 17; 17: 21.

keyukmat, a disjunctive conjunction,
Matt. 18: 16; Luke 13: 15; 14: 5; Josh.
5: 13; rather, Matt. 18: 8; "or else,"
Matt. 12: 29, 33; except, Matt. 12: 29.

keyushke, does not, Matt. 17: 21.

keyut; nana alhpesa keyut, in vain. Matt.
15: 9.

ki, a euphonic word, before tok, as akpeso-
kitok, or a determinative or limiting k
to be suffixed to the previous word.

kin, adv. ( contraction of kfasha ) , yet; with
a negative verb, not yet; as akapeso kln,
I had not yet seen.

kia, kiah, an obsolete verb, or used only
in the imperfect; a concessive.

kia, from ia; ikia imp., let him go; let it
go; let it be so; Ik tn into kia, he does
not come; let it go; let it be so; i. e.,
do not let him come; tanchi kia, u:ak
kia, corn let it be; cattle be it so.

kia, even; also; any; although; but;
or; though; hold; never mind; never
theless; notwithstanding; no; a word
of dissent; kinh, altnili, no I think;
i/o/nni kia, "but;" lit., so let it go,
Matt. 1: 20, 6: 26; kancliak kin, a crib
let it be; a crib even, or although;
Matt. 6: 26; ishanumpuli kin, but speak
thou; thou speak; ki<t, let it be, Matt.
8: 8.

kia, nor; with a neg.

kiba, n., a small frog.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

kibikshi, tibikshi; noshkobo kibikshi,
"chapiters," 1 Kings 7: 20, 41, 42; Ex.

37: 22; bik Una, Ex. 37: 17.
kichali, v. a. i., to crack; to have the

scratches.
kichanli, a., cracked; chapped, as the

skin of the hands, feet, face, or lips;

reddened in cold water, or by the action

of cold winds when the part is wet.
kichanli, v. n., to be cracked or chapped;

v. a. i., to crack; to chap; iyi at kichanli.
kichanli, n., a crack; a chap,
kichanlichi, v. t., to crack; to chap; to

cause to crack,
kichaya, a., cracked, as the skin of the

hands.
kichaya, v. n., to be cracked; ibbak at

kichaya.

kichaya, v. a. i., to crack; to chap,
kichaya, n., a crack.
kichayachi, v. t., to crack; to make it

crack.
kifaha, v. a. i., to groan; to grunt; hatak

abeka kat kifaha, to pule; to whine; to

moan, as a sick child, Ex. 2: 23.
kifaha, n., a groan,
kifanali, v. t., to hold under the arm.
kifanli, v. a. i., to groan; to grunt,
kifash, n., name of a plant with erect

stalk. The root resembles that of the

Irish potato; formerly used for food,

when the root, called hichuk, was used,

in times, too, of famine.
kifehachi, v. a. i., Ps. 42: 7.
kifeta, n., steam.

kifeta, pp., steamed; onkifeta, steamed,
kifeta, v. a. i., to steam,
kifetachi, v. t., to steam,
kifilli, v. a. i., to vapor; to steam; okay at

kifilli.

kifilli, n., steam.

kifillichi, v. t., to cause it to steam.
kihepa, v. a. i., to fall, as water,
kihepa, kehepa, n., a waterfall; a cas
cade; a cataract,
kil, per. pro., 1st per. pi. of verbs in the

neg. form beginning with a vowel;

kilaiyu; kilitJiano.
kil, per. pro., 1st per. pi., imp. mood, as

kilia, let us go; negative form also, as

kila'n/u kia, let us not go.
Kilaist, n., Christ; The Anointed; an

appellation given to the Saviour of the

world, and synonymous with the lie-
brew word Messiah.

kileha, v. a. i., to growl; to .snarl; to
roar, as a wild beast; to purr; to whinny,
as a horse; oft at kileha, koi at k Helta,
wak nakni at kileha; kilihinJta, freq.

kileha, n., a growl; a purr; ti roar.

kileha, n., a roarer; a growler.

kilhkiki, a., stony; hilly; broken like
thin clouds.

kilinkki, n., a species of parrot; u parra-
keet.

kilinkoba, a., green; green colored; a
color resembling the kilinkki.

kilimpi, a., strong; stout; athletic; pow
erful; mighty; forcible; hardy; cogent;
lusty; potent; robust,

kilimpi, v. n., to be strong; ilekllhnpi, to
be strong in himself; to exert himself.

kilimpi, n., strength; force; might; power;
vigor.

kilimpiclii, v. t., to strengthen.

kiloh, per. pro., 1st per., social pi.
before verbs beginning with a vowel;
kilohai;/u, let us all not go; kilohimpo,
let us all not eat.

kiloh, per. pro., 1st per. pi., imp.,
etc.; kilohia, let us all go; kiloh impa,
let us all eat; also in the negative, as
k-ilohaiyu kia, kiloh irnpo kia.

kila, pp., gnawed; foni at kila.

kilanfa, v. a. i., to hawk.

kili, v. t., to gnaw; to nibble; to pick;
kihinli.

kili, n., a gnawer; a nibbler.

kilihachi, v. a. i., to make a noise,
such as is produced by rolling rocks or
a mill or wagon in motion.

kilihachi, n., the noise made as above;
a din; a rumbling, as that of a wagon.

kinafa, v. a. i., to fall; to break down;
to overset; to topple; to tumble; to
yield; chukayat kinafa, Hi at kinafa, to
fall, as the palate; onkinafat okpulo.

kinafa, pp., fallen; broken down; de
molished; overthrown; prostrate; sub
verted; ikkinafo, a,, undernolished.

kinafa, n., a fall; an overthrow; a ruin.

kinafa hinla, a., ticklish; liable to fall.

kinafat itula, n., a downfall.

kinakkali, kinafkali, kinafkali, v. a. i.,
to limp.

kinakkali, n., a limper.

kinakli, v. a. i., to limp.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kinakli, n., a limper.
kinali, v. a. i. pi., to fall; to break
down; to lodge.

kinali, pp., fallen; broken down; lying
down; thrown down; lodged; pros
trated; subverted, 1 Kings 11: 27.

kinalichi, v. t., to fell; to throw down;
to break down; to prostrate; to sub
vert, Mark 11: 15; mail at iti an kinalichi,
the wind prostrates the trees.

kinalichi, n., a seller.

kinaffi, v. t. sing., to fell; to throw down;
to break down; to overthrow; to de
molish; to overset; to subvert; to un
settle; to upset, John 2: 15; chant kinaffi,
to chop down; isht oktqpa kinaffi,
to undam; ilonkinaffi, to throw him
self on; itakiiiqffi, to divide; to cause
to fall from each other, as the waters of
the Red Sea; to separate; o^kinaffit ok-
pqni, to overwhelm.

kinaffi, n., a feller; a demolisher; a sub-
verter.

kinafha, v. a. i. sing., to be lame; to
limp with one foot.

kinafkali, v. a. i. pi., to limp; to be lame
in more than one foot; see kinakkali.

kinafkali, n., a limper.

kinafkali, a., lame; hatak kinafkali, a
lame man; a cripple.

kinihahanohi, n., a rattling; rattle.

kinihachi, kinnihachi, v. a. i., to make
an indistinct noise, such as persons
make when they converse in an ad
joining room or at a distance; to hum,
as bees; kinihahanchi, freq., to make a
rattling.

kinihachi, n., the din of words indis
tinctly heard; a hum.

kininiachi, v. a. i., to make a din by
conversing; kininiahanchi, freq.

kininiachi, n., the din or noise made in
conversation.

kinint iksho, a., silent; calm; kucha
k i unit iksho.

kinni, v. t., to rake open a fire.

kinnihachi, see kiiiifiqcJii

kinoha, chikinoha, v. i., to be in pain.

kinta, n., a beaver.

kinta hislii, n., beaver fur; beaver.

kinta hishi shapo, n., a beaver hat; a
fur hat.

kinta inkasoma, n., beaver bait.

kinta isht albi, n., a beaver trap.

kinta oktabli, n., a beaver dam.

kintushi, n., a young beaver.

kisaha, v. a. i. pi., to crack; iti at kisaha,

the trees crack; tali iyasha yqt kisaha,

the iron pot is cracked,
kisaha, pp., cracked.
kisaha, 11., cracks,
kisali, v. a, i., to crack; amphqta, aihn-

pa yqt kisali.
kisali, pp., cracked,
kisali, n., cracks,
kisalichi, v. t., to crack.
kisanya, v. a. i., to crack but a little.
kisanya, pp., cracked a little.
kisanya, n., a small crack,
kisayachi, v. t., to crack,
kiseli, v. t. sing., to bite; to clinch

with the teeth or with the jaws

of an instrument; itikiseli, v. a. i., to

bite or gnash the teeth so that the

teeth or instrument corne together; to

gnash.

kiseli, n., a biter,
kiselichi, v. t., to gnaw; to bite; to

gnash; itikiselichi, to gnash the teeth

against each other; to clamp; to pinch,
kiselichi, n., a biter,
kisli, v. t. pi., to bite; to mangle.
kisli, v. a. i., to gnaw, as when one

bites a wild turnip,
kish, kesh, and, Gen. 3: 3; hqchikpotolo

kisli; k belongs to potolo.
kinsha, adv., not yet; before, Matt. 6: 8;

John 1: 48; quite, 1 Sam. 3: 3, 7; akpe-

so kinsha; iklo klnsha; ikmiso kinsha ho;

ikaiono klnsha hon, before the time,

Matt. 8: 29; "till," Matt. 10: 23.
kinsha, v. n. ; akpeso kfrshakma.
kishi, n., a basket; a hamper, Matt. 14:

20; 15: 37; 16: 9, 10; kishi alotci.
kishi afohoma, n., the rim of a basket.
kishi yancho, n. , a very large basket used

as a bin.
kit, a particle used instead of kqt, Matt.

2: 16; in iklamroklt ia, to decrease.
kitafa, v. a. i., to crack open and make

a large crack; iti at kitafa, a tree

cracked open; yakni at kitafa, ground

cracked open.
kitafa, pp., cracked,
kitafa, n., a large crack.
kitaia, v. a. i., to be well on fire; to

burn.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

235

kitak, n., a worm, called a sawyer, that
eats wood and has a flat head; the
apple-tree borer.

kitali, v. a. i. , to cave off, as the sides of
a well or the banks of a river. —
J. Taylor.

kitanli, pi., kitafa, sing., v. a. i., to
crack.

kitanli, pp., a., cracked.

kitanli, n., large cracks or fissures.

kitanlichi, v. t., to crack; to produce
cracks.

kitaffi, v. t., to crack; to produce a crack;
kitafa, pp.

kitapi, a pestle.

kitiffi, v. t., to cut open, or rupture a
blood-vessel.

kitihachi, v. a. i., to rattle and make
a noise, as a wagon in motion; kitifia-
lianclii; itichanahat kitihahancJd ehaklo
mall.

kitihachi, n., a rattling noise; a tumult.

kitik, n., the noise made by a step or by
striking with the end of a stick.

kitikachi, v. a. i.; lit., to say kitik; to
sound; to make the noise kitik.

kitikachi, pi., kitik, sing., n., the noise
made by stepping; kitikahanchi, 2 Kings
6:32.

kitikachi, kitikshi, v. a. i., to make a
noise by stepping; isubanoiua kat kitika
chi.

kitikshi, a., stubbed, as hatak kitikshi,
a thickset man.

kitinisi, n., a morsel; a spark.

kitinisi, kitinusi, a., very small; little.

kitinisi, v. n., to be very small.

kitti, n., a mortar.

kitush, kit tush, n., a pestle; a pounder.

kitush api, n., a pestle handle.

kma, sign of subjunctive mood, if; when,
John 2: 19; see below; when that; im-
achilikma, to him say I; that when,
acldlikma, Matt. 8:9; ktnano, kmano, if
the; when the; after the; kmat, kmato,
if the; when the; after the.

The above are signs of the sub
junctive mood, composed of k de
monstrative and the article pronoun
ma and its changes. But cf. akma; ak-
mano; a kmat; a kmato; ikma; iknumo;
ikmqt; ikmqto; okma; okmano; okmat;
okmato.

kon, a part, in the obj. case derived from
akon, but contracted, or the first vowel
of ako is merged in the last vowel of
the word to which it is suffixed, as
nanta kon, what is it; katin/a ko", where
is it; see AvW/.

kon; here are two words, k the demon
strative article pronoun arid on the aux
iliary verb.
koa, v. a. i., to break; to crack, as glass,

earthenware, etc.
koa, pp., cracked; broken; fractured;

flawed; koli, v. t.. sing.
koa, n., a crack; a fracture.
koafabi, n., a yellow-striped wasp.
koat, n., a quart.
koat iklanna, n., a pint.
koat ushta, n., a gallon.
kobafa, v. a. i., to break; to fall; to snap,
kobafa, pp., broken; abolished; annulled;
cashiered; removed from office; fract
ured; frustrated; infringed; invalidated;
nullified; profaned; ruptured; deposed,
as minko at kobafa, iti at kobafa; ikko-
bafo, a., unbroken; un violated.
kobafa, a., broken; contrite; null.
kobafa, n., a breach; a dissolution; a

fracture; a nullity; a rupture.
kobafahe keyu, a., stationary.
kobak, n., a knock; a rap on a tree or

fence; the report of a knock, etc.
kobakuchi. v. a. i. sing., to sound like

a knock, rap, etc.
kobali, v. a. i. pi., to break.
kobali, pp., broken; hanali akosli kobali,

John 19: 31; 1 Sam. 2: 4, 10.
kobali, 11., pieces broken.
kobalichi, v. t., to break; to cause to

break, John 19: 32.

kobaffi, sing., kobbi, pi., v. t., to break,
Matt. 5: 19; to destroy; to abolish; to
annul; to cashier; to erase; to transgress,
Matt. 15: 2, 3; to violate; to depose, as
minko an kobaffi; to disannul; to dissolve;
to fracture; to frustrate; to humble; to
infringe; to invalidate; to null; to nul
lify; to profane; to remove, i. e., from
office; to rupture; to snap; kobahanji,
to profane, Matt. 12: 5; Josh. 7: 4 [?].
kobaffi, n., a breaker; a violator; a

humbler; a nullifier; a profaner.
kobaffi, n., a removal; a rupture.
kobaffichi, v. t., to cause to break.
kobbi, pi. of kobatji (q. v.) .

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kobilhchap, kobilhpash, n., chips.

kobish, n., the rectum.

kobli, n., a glass tumbler.

kobli, kopli, v. t. pi., to bite, to knab;
aft at kobli; koplit tapuli, v. t. pi. , to nip.

kobli, n., a biter.

koboha, pi., to knock any thing large
that is hollow so as to make a noise; to
make that particular noise which is
heard when a hollow tree, for instance,
is knocked; to drum.

kobohachi, v. a. i., to ring, as a large bell,
drum, or barrel when beaten.

kobohachi, n., a ringing; a sounding; a
din.

kobokachi, pp. pi., pass, of koboha, made
to ring; knocked; beaten.

kobokachi, n., knocks; raps; kobak, sing.

kobokshi, a., bent up; the bowing side
up; nali kobo^ksJti.

kobolichi, sing., koboha, pi., v. t., to
knock a large hollow vessel or thing,
as a tree, barrel, drum, large bell.

kobolichi, n., a rapper; the one who
knocks any large hollow thing.

kobiik, n., a knock or blow on a hollow
vessel; the sound thus produced.

kobulli, v. a. i., to break in pieces.

kobulli, n., pieces; fragments.

kobullichi, v. t. , to break in pieces; to dash
to pieces.

kobuna, a., humpbacked; havingahump;
•isnba nali kobuna, a humpbacked horse.

kobuna, v. n., to be humpbacked.

kobuna, n., a hump.

kobunoa, a. pi., having humps.

kobunoa, v. n., to have humps.

kobunoa, n., humps.

kocha, n., weather, Matt, IB: 2, 3.

kocha, see knclia.

kochanli, a., being out along; out.

kochanli, v. a. i., to be out along.

kochofa, ]>])., bent; broken, Luke i:>: 11;
"2 Kings 18: 21; itakocltof«, broken asun
der.

kochofa, v. a. i., to bend; to break, as
a cornstalk, Luke 1:5: 11: ItakfH-lmfn,
to break asunder, as a wooden chim
ney; to fold together as a blanket.

kocholi, kochonli, v. t., pi. of kfic}iniji,to
bend down; k<><-Jiolt«, pp., bent down.

kochombi, kacliumbi (4 v.), n., a hard
bunch in the tlesh; a hard swelling.

kochuffi, v. t. sing, to break; to bend;

tanchapi an kochuffi.
kochuffi, n., a breaker.
kofanto, a., lean; spare,
kon, n., a quail, called by some at the

south a partridge, where the partridge

of the north is not known; a partridge.
kofi chito, n., a guinea hen; a pintado;

a partridge.

kofkokachi, v. a. i. pi., to steam, as boil
ing water; kofota, sing.
kofkokachi, n., steam.
kofkoli, v. a. i., pi. of kofulli, to steam,
kofoha, v. a. i., to roar,
kofohachi, v. a. i., to roar, as the wind;

mail at kofohachi.
kofohachi, n., roaring of wind,
kofokachi, v. a. i., to rumble, as the

wheels of a wagon in passing over a

bridge.

kofokachi, n., a rumbling.
kofota, v. a. i., to steam, as boiling water.
kofota, pp., steamed; on kofota.
kofota, 11., steam of boiling water,
kofulli, v. a. i., to steam; oka yat kofulli,

the water steams.
kofulli, n., steam.
kof ullichi, v. t. , to steam ; hatak a™ onkoful-

lichi, to steam a man.
kofuna, a., having a hump; crooked;

bent; humpbacked; see kobuna.
kofuna, v. n., to be humped.
kofuna, n., a hump; a humpback; a

hunch.
kofunoha, a. pi., having a hump;

crooked.

kofunoha, n., crooks; humps.
kofunoha, v. n., to be crooked; kofuno-

/,«(•//;, v. t,

kofusa, pp., hollowed.

kofusa, a., hollow.

kofussa, sing., kofusxoa, pi., v. n., to be

hollowed,
kofussa, n., a hollow; an excavation;

kofuwoan. pi., hollows.
kofussa, a., having a hollow like that of

a trough; concave; scooped; hollowed;

/•o/f/.vso'/, pi.

kofussachi, sing., kofussoachi, pi., v. t.,to
scoop; to excavate; to make hollow.

kofushi, n., a young quail; a quail's egg.

kohcha; (tkuhcJui, v. a. i., to come out of,
Josh. 4: 1.0; akoJirJiat ia, Josh. (3: 1; see
kucha.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXGUAGE

237

kohchi, n. , a thicket.

kohchi, v. t., to take out, Matt. 5: 29;
akkohchi, let me pull out, Matt. 7:4;
ishakohchashke, do thou cast out of, imp.
mood, Matt. 7:5; ishakohchahinla, thou
shalt cast out of, Matt. 7: 5; see kiichi.

kohchichi, see kuchichi.

kohta, 11., a pole; a flagstaff; a mast,
1 Kings 10: 11.

kohunachi, n., a warwhoop; a whoop.

koi, n., a mile.

koi, n., a tiger; a panther; a catamount;
a jaguar.

koi chikchiki, n., a leopard; a spotted
tiger.

koi chito, n., a lion; a large tiger.

koi chito inchuka, 11., a lion's den; a
lion's cage.

koi chito tek, n., a lioness.

koi isht ikhana, n., a milestone; a mile-
post.

koi nakni, n., a male tiger; a tiger.

koi tek, n., a tigress.

koichup, n., chips of the door yard.

kokoa, kokua, pi., koa, sing., v. a. i.',
to break; to crack, as earthenware.

kokoa, pp., broken; cracked, as glass, an
earthenware pot, metal, etc.; itakokoa,
fractured.

kokoa, n., fragments.

kokuli, v. t. pi., koli, sing., to break; to
crack, as glass or things like glass, as
earthenware pots and metal; to frac
ture.

kokuli, n., a breaker.

kolak, n., the noise made by swallow
ing.

kolakachi, v. a. i., to swallow loudly; to
make a noise in swallowing, as when
swallowing a large draft.

kolhkobeka, kolokobi, n. pi., deep ra
vines.

kolhkoki, a., short; it! sltima kolhkoki,
short shingles.

koli, v. t. sing., to break, to crack glass
and such like things; to fracture; to
flaw; to stave.

koli, n., a breaker.

kolofa, v. a. i., to come off; to come in
two; to break in two.

kolofa, pp., cut off; severed; truncated.

kolofa, n., a cut; a piece cut off; iteko-
luffa, ittakoluffa, 11., a notch; cut asun
der; nanih itikoluifa, a mountain gap.

kolokbi, kalakbi (.Six-towns form), n., a
gulf; a deep valley; an abyss; a ravine;
a hollow; a valley; a vale; ahole, a.son
the bottom of a river; agully; hollow-
ness; kolokbi ltdtfiai/a, a gully; ko/okoi
bacholui, gullies.

kolokbi, pp., made into a gulf; exca
vated.

kolokbichi, v. t., to make a gulf; to ex
cavate; to hollow.

kolokobi, kolhkobeka, n. pi., gulfs;
holes; deep valleys; iianiJt kolokobi.

kolokobi, pp., made into gulfs; hollowed.

kolokshi, a., short, as mi f oka kolokshi, a
vest; a roundabout.

kolokshi, v. 11., to be short.

kolokshichi, v. t., to make it short.

kololi, v. a. i. pi., to corne off; i. e.5
square off.

kololi, pp., cut off; severed.

kololi, 11., those which are cut off.

kololichi, v. t., to cut off; to sever them,
as logs, by the ax or fire, etc.

kolombish, n., the throat.

kolum, sing., to cut off; to sever, by cut
ting square off, or nearly so; to trun
cate; kolukonpi, pi.

kolumpi, inkolumpi, kolupi, n., the
windpipe; the swallow; inkolupi, her
windpipe, and usually found with a
pro. prefixed.

kolaha, n., a rattling, as the leaves of
trees when they strike each other.

kolaha, n., the bay tree; the magnolia.

kolahachechi, v. t., to rattle; to cause
to rattle.

kolahachi, v. a. i., to rattle; to rustle, as
the leaves of trees.

kolahachi, n., a rattling.

komahachi, komakachi, see kqmakachi.

komak, n., a single rap on a bell, or the
sound thus produced.

komakachi, v. a. i., to sound once.

kommichechi, v. t., to inflict pain; to
cause pain; to pain.

kommichi, v. a. i., to pain; to ache; to
be in pain.

komrnichi, a., painful; aching.

komniichi, v. n., to be painful.

kommichi, n., pain; misery.

komo, past, <i1iani/<t konto, like kamo.

komoha, v. t. pi., to make heavy, gram
noises by striking something hollow; to

238

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

knock; to rap, as a door; itiakomoha, to

bunt each other,
komohachi, v. a. i., to hum as bees;

foebilishke at komohachi.
komok, n. sing., a noise made by rap
ping something hollow.
komokachi, v. a. i., to ring; to sound.
komokachi, n., raps; knocks, etc.
komokachi, v. a. i., to ring; to sound,
komolichi, sing., komoha, pi., v. t., to

rap; to knock; to give a blow or rap;

okltissa yan komolichi, to knock the door.
komolichi, n., a knock,
komota, komuta, a., pp., komunta,

nasal form, restless; tedious; uneasy;

wearied; unhappy; vexed; vexatious;

tiresome; troublesome; discontented;

distressed ; ankomunta.
komuk, n., the noise of a log falling on

other logs.
komukah, v. a. i., to make the above

noise,
komunta, v. n., to be uneasy, unhappy,

wearied, troubled, Matt. 2: 3; 14: 26;

see above.
komunta, v. a. i., to dread; to struggle;

inkomuntali.
komunta, n., uneasiness; distress; dread;

an exigency; terror; weariness.
komuntachi, v. t., to render uneasy; to

distress, Josh. 10: 10.
komuntat panya, n., an outcry,
konamisli, v. a. i., to move the head

and neck, as a fowl in swallowing a

kernel of corn,
koni, n., a polecat; a skunk.
kopipia, a., lean; poor.
kopoli, v. t. sing., to bite; to pinch with

an instrument, as a pair of tongs; to nab.
kopoli, n., a bite.
kopoli, n., a biter.

kopoli achafa, n., a mouthful; one bite.
kopoli banna, v. t., to snap; a., snap
pish.

kopolichi, kopolichi, v. a. i., to champ,
kosmo, see kasmo.
kosoma,a., fetid; having a foul smell,

as a goat or musk; rancid,
kosoma, v. n., to be fetid; to smell

strong.
kosoma, n., a fetid or a bad smell; a

stench,
kosomachi, v. t., to cause a fetid smell.

kostina hinla, a., tractable.

kostinahe keyu, a., untamable; impla
cable; incorrigible; ungovernable; un
manageable.

kostini, a., pp., humbled; mortified; re
claimed; sobered; softened; trained;
sensible; moral; wise, Matt. 10: 16;
civilized; subdued; disciplined; broken;
chaste; modest; having one's senses;
broken, as an animal to the harness;
civil; continent; decent; decorous; gen
tle; honest; sagacious; sage; sane; sober;
subtle; tender; tractable; vestal; virgin;
virtuous; olioyo kostini, a chaste woman;
kostiniiksho, a., immodest; ikkosteno, a.,
ungentle; ungoverned; unbroken; un
disciplined ; rude ; unsubdued ; ikkostenot,
adv., rudely; ikkosteno, a., unmanaged;
unreformed; untoward; unwise; wild.

kostini, v. n., to be sensible, moral, wise;
to be subdued, gentle, tame; to have
the senses.

kostini, v. a. i., to reform; to soften; to
act wilily, Josh. 9: 4.

kostini, n., sense; understanding; chas
tity; mansuetude; probity; purity; re
form; sanity; sobriety; ohoi/o kostini,
decorum; kostinit kania, the senses are
gone; ikkosteno, wildness.

kostininchi, v. t., to reform; to sober;
to soften; to train; to teach; to subdue;
to break; to discipline; to civilize; to
make kostini; to reclaim; to humble;
to manage; to mortify; ilekostinlncJii, to
repent; to reform himself, Matt. 3:2;
11: 20, 21; 12: 41; ikilekostinmcho, Matt,
11, caption.

kostininchi, n., a teacher; a subduer; a
reformer.

kostinit, adv., [wisely. — II. S. H.];
ikkostenot, rudely; wildly.

kostinit kania, n., stupor.

kosh (see ko], art. ; the; the which; that
which; nantakosh ikbi.

koshiba, n., poke weed.

koshu (from Fr. cochon), n., a hog (obso
lete).

koshuna, a., crooked; humpbacked; bent
up, as the back of an angry cat;
koshunoa, pi.

koshuna, v. n., to be crooked; kosJnmoa,
pi.

koshunachi, sing., koshunoachi, pi., v. t.,
to make crooked.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

239

kota,a., weak; languid; exhausted; faint;
out of breath; enervated; feeble; frail;
imbecile; slender.

kota, v. n., to be weak or languid.

kota, v. a. L, to faint; to flag; to relax.

kota, n., weakness; debility; faintness;
languidness; languor; lassitude.

kota, pp., weakened; debilitated; ener
vated; relaxed; unnerved.

kota, n., a langnisher.

kotachi, kotahchi, v. t., to render weak;
to exhaust; to debilitate; to weaken;
to palsy; to enervate; to stupefy; to
unnerve.

kotafa, v. a. i., to break off; to get out
of joint; to separate; iti at kota fat itola,
the [limb] breaks off and falls.

kotafa, pp., dislocated; iyi at kotafa.

kotafa, n., a dislocation.

kotaha, pi., kolak sing., n., the noise
made by swallowing.

kotahchi, see kotachi.

kotali, v. a. i., to break off; to get out of
joint.

kotali, pp., dislocated; put out of joint.

kotalichi, v. t., to dislocate; to break off;
to put out of joint; tanchqpi kotalic.hi.

kotaffi, v. t. sing., to break off; to dis
locate; to put out of joint, Ex. 13: 13.

kotoba, katoba, n., a bottle; a box for
oil, 2 Kings 9: 1.

kotoba abeha, pp., bottled; embottled.

kotoba abeli, v. t., to bottle; to em-
bottle.

kotoba aloli, kotoba alulli, v. t., to rill
bottles.

kotoba alolua, pp., filled; bottled.

kotoba alota achafa, n., a bottle, as a
bottle of wine.

kotoba bolukta, n., a canteen.

kotoba isht amkama, n., a bottle cork;
a cork.

kotoba ittopa, n., the muzzle of a bot
tle; the mouth of a jug.

kotoba okch.im.ali, n., a common chunk
bottle.

kotoba patassa, kotoba takassa, n., a
flask; a flat bottle.

kotoba shohkalali, n., a decanter; a
glass bottle.

kotobushi, n., a vial; a phial; a caster
used on the table.

kotobushi bolukta, n., a canteen; a
small canteen.

kotoma, a,, fetid; rancid; stinking, as a
dead horse or old dirty rags; having an
ill savor.

kotoma, v. n., to be fetid or rancid; ixii.tta
illi at kotoma.

kotoma, n., fetor; stench.

kotomachi, v. t., to cause fetor or stench.

kotonli, n., dandruff.

kowi, konwi, n., the woods; unburnt
woods; a desert.

konwi anunka, n., a wilderness, John
3: 14.

konwi anunka, a., being in the woods;
situated in the woods.

konwi anunka, v. n., to be in the woods.

konwi anunkasha; n., a fairy; a wood
land deity; a nymph; a dryad; a satyr;
a wood nymph.

konwi chito, n., a forest; a wilderness.

konwi haiaka, n., a wilderness, Luke 3 : 4.

konwi ho chito, n. pi., the forests; the
great forests.

konwishabi, n., a howling wilderness.

koyofa, pp., divided; halved crosswise;
see sintikoyufa toJtbi, a coach whip snake;
koyufa tohbi, half white; yakni koyofa,
"quarters," Acts 16: 3.

koyofa, n., a half.

koyofa, v. a. i., to divide; to come apart.

koyoffi, v. t. sing., to halve crosswise; to
take part away; to cut off.

koyoha, pp., rubbed in pieces.

koyoli, koyuli, v. t., to rub in the hands,
as the heads of grain, Luke 6: 1; to rub
the eyes; koyuhonli, to break in pieces;
" chunkqsh an koyuhonli," (death of
friends causes such sorrow. )

koyolichi, v. t., to cause to rub to pieces.

kubit, n., a cubit, Josh. 3: 4; the length
of a man's arm from the elbow to the
extremity of the middle finger.

kucha, kohcha, kocha, adv., out;
abroad; forth; out of; outward; out
wards, Matt. 17: 5; akohcha, to depart
out of, Matt. 17: 18; kucha hikia: kucha
pila, \. t., to emit; to throw out.

kucha, prep., without.

kucha, a., out; being out; visible; exte
rior; external; extrinsic; free.

kucha, kohcha, v. n., to be out; to be
visible; to go forth, Matt. 14: 14; pit
kucha, to go out, Mark 11:11; Matt. 10:
14; to come out, 2 Kings 9: 11; kohchat
kania, Matt. 12: 15.

240

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

kucha, pp., taken out; brought out;
cashiered; put out; dislodged; ejected;
evacuated; excluded; expelled; ex
tracted; extricated; ferreted; freed;
landed; ousted; released; risen; se
cluded; unloaded; voided; kucha ia
Matt. 3: ](>; kolicJiat iatok; Matt. 13: 53;
kiK'ha ti'l/id, pi., John 5: 28. The letter
/ is not used to connect the two words.

kucha, v. a. i., v. t., to come out, Matt.
5: 26; to appear as a cloud; to proceed
out, Luke 4: 22; to withdraw; to go out,
as the sun; to issue; to land; to rise, as
the sun; to come out into another
place; kuncha, nasal, kohuncha, freq.,
koi/ncha, pro., Chahta yakni akucha tok;
kuchato, dual, Acts 12: 10 [?]; akucha,
v. a. i. (from a and kucha), to abdicate;
to depart; to emanate; to emerge; to re
sign; to retire; to retreat; to come forth;
to come out of or from, Matt. 8: 34;
kuchat kqnia, v. a. i., to go away; to
leave and go out; alwhcha, time of go
ing out, Josh. 2: 7; kunchut onivaka,
to go out and rise; applied to land that
rises, as a bluff on a river; kuchat on-
yilepa, v. a. i., to sally forth; kucltqt on-
yilepa, n., a sally; kochat avyakmat,
Matt. 13:49; kunchqt any a, v. a. i., to
go openly, not shut up, as in a boat;
km i chat hikia, v. a. i., to stand out.

kucha, n., a departure; an eruption; an
exit; an extrication; an issue; the out
side; a release; a resignation; retire
ment; a vent.

kucha, n., an outcast.

kucha, n., weather; kucha achukma; ku
cha okpulo, kucha lasltpa, etc.

kucha aianumpuli, v. t. , to preach in the
open air.

kucha aianumpuli, n. , a field preacher.

kucha ansha, v. a. i., to sit out,

kucha fehna, a., outer.

kucha fiopa, v. a. i., to respire.

kucha hikia, a., prominent.

kucha pila, v. t., to emit; to cast out.

kucha pit hikia, v. a. i., to project,

kucha takanli, v. a. i., to jut; to project
out.

kucha uniba, n., wet weather.

kucha weheli, v. t., to take them out; to
move them out.

kucha well, v. t., to cast out; isht kocha
weli, Matt. 7: 22; 8: 16, 31; akocha well,
Matt. 12: 24; isht kocha welili, I by ...
cast out, Matt. 12: 27.

kucha wiha, v. a. i. pi., to move out,
Matt. 9: 25.

kucha wiha, pp., taken out; moved out.

kuchapisa imponna, a., weatherwise.

kuchasha, n., name of a small rabbit.

kuchat ia, pi., to go out, Acts 12: 10. — J.
Cogswell.

kuchat, adv., see above.

kuchi, kohchi, v. t., to bring forth, Josh.
2: 3; to take out, Matt, 18:9; to ex
tract; to take away; to bring out, Matt.
13: 52; to bring in or send in, as okchito
y0n inkuchitokoke; to discharge; to
draw; to eject; to expel; to issue; to pull
out; to unload; to unship; to vent; to
void; to cast out, Matt. 17: 19.

kuchichi, kohchichi, v. t. cans., to cause
to go out; to turn out; to draw out;
to dislodge; to enfranchise; to evacuate;
to exclude; to extricate; to ferret; to
land; to oust; to out; to seclude, Luke
16: 3, 4; Josh. 8: 6; kuchihinchi, freq.

kuchimma, adv., outward.

kula, pp., dug; grooved; grubbed; kulat
apakfopa, entrenched; dug around.

kula, n., that which is dug; a digging; a
groove.

kulat apakfopa, pp., entrenched.

kulat holisso, pp., graved.

kulha, pp., dug, as chant kulha, Prov.
13: 17.

kulli, v. t., to dig; to excavate; to gouge;
to groove; to grub; to hew; to trench.

kulli, n., a digger; a hewer; lukfi kulli,
one who digs the earth.

kullit apakfobli, v. t., to entrench; to
dig round.

kullit holissochi, v. t., to grave.

kullit holissochi, n., a graver.

kula, kala, n., eruption.

kumpachi, v. a. i., to whoop, as a drunken
man.

kunchonwaka, n., a high bluff at the
water edge or side.

kuni, n., young cane.

kunta, v. a. i., to whistle with the lips;
inkunta, v. t., to whistle.

kunta, n., a whistler.

kunta, n., a whistling.

BTINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

241

kunti, v. a. i. , to grow spontaneously with
out planting, as potatoes that are left in
the ground and grow up.— Mantabi.

kusha, pp., broken; bent down; broken
and bent down; or cracked and curled
up, as the upper leather of an old shoe;
kushli, v. t.

kusha, v. a. i., to break and bend.

kasha, n. , that which is broken and bent.

Kunsha, n., the Kunshaws; the name of
one part of the Choctaw.

kunshak, n., a reed, Matt. 11: 7; 12: 20.

kunshak ahe, n., a wild potato.

kunshak ansha, n., a moor.

kunshak chito, a. , reedy ; n. , a large reed.

kunshak patakchi, 11., a low reed.
• kushikanchak, n., a female fairy.

kushkachi, pp. , broken and bent.

kushkachi, v. a. i., to break and bend.

kushkoa, pp. pi., bent and broken;
bruised; kunshak kushkoa, a bruised
reed, Matt. 12: 20.

kushkoa, v. a. i., to bend and break.

kushkoa, n., that which is bent and
broken; bruised.

kushkuli, v. t. pi., to break and bend
down.

kushli, v. t. sing., to break and bend.

kushlichi, v. t., to break and bend or
cause it to be done.

kushotah, v. a. i., to bow, like a wall,
Ps. 62: 3.

la, apparent form of the per. pro., 1st
per. sing., I, me, found after active
verbs; before chi, lie, hinla, wa, heto,
etc. It is derived from U, and is pro
nounced la for the sake of euphony or,
more probably, because a first vowel
of the above words, a, is merged in la.

lahba, a., warm; tepid; lukewarm, ap
plied to liquids, water, milk, etc.; pp.,
warmed; heated.

lahba, v. n., to be warm or tepid.

lahba, n., warmth.

lahbachi, v. t., to warm; to heat; to
make lukewarm.

lakabli, v. t. , to notch deep.

lakapa, v. a. i., to be notched; lie at
lakampat kania; pi. lakapoa; v. a. i.,
pi., lakapoli, v. t. pi.

lakchl, n., dregs; grounds; feces; grains;
lees; papula?; pimples 011 the skin;
sediment.

84339°— Bull. 4G — 15 10

lakna, a., yellow; russet; saffron; ripe;

iklakno, a., unripe, as pumpkins; lakna,

v. n., to be yellow.
lakna, pp., dyed yellow; rusted; turned

yellow; colored yellow; painted yellow,
lakna, n., yellow.
lakna, v. a. i., to rust.
lakna, n., rust; bile; the poison of ven
omous serpents; choler or bile; the

yolk.

lakna ansha, a., rusty; bilious.
lakna inchito, a., bilious; having a re
dundancy of bile.

lakna inchito, v. n., to be bilious.
laknabi, a., rusty; ripened or yellow, as

fruit turned yellow.
laknabi, v. n., to be rusty; to rust, as

wheat; to turn yellow.
laknachi, v. t., to rust; to turn it yel
low; to color yellow; to dye yellow;

to paint yellow; to saffron.
laknachi, n., one who dyes yellow; a

painter who paints yellow.
laknoba (from lakna holba), a., drab;

drab colored; rusty; yellowish.
lakofa,pp., notched; indented; scored.
lakofa, n. , a notch ; a deep notch; a hack;

an indent; a score.
lakoffi, v. t. sing., to notch; to cut a

notch; to score; aboha itabana lakoffi,

house log notches,
lakoli, n., notches; indents.
lakoli, v. t. pi., to notch; to jag; to score;

lakonli, nasal form, to jag.
lakoli, pp., indented.
lakolichi, v. t., to notch; to cut notches;

to make notches; to indent; lakonlichi,

to jag.
lakowa, pp., notched; jagged; scored;

prepared for hewing; lako^wa, nasal

form.

lakowa, a., serrate; serrated.
lakonwa, n. pi., notches, such as are

made on steelyards; jags; scores,
laksha, a., sweaty,
laksha, v. n., to be sweaty.
laksha, v. a. i., to sweat; to perspire;

salaksha, I sweat or I am sweaty; lank-

sJia; laiyaksha.

laksha, n., sweat; perspiration,
laksha akucha, n., a pore.
laksha chito, n., a profuse sweat.

242

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

lakshachi, v. t., to sweat; to produce
perspiration; to cause to sweat.

lanipa, v. a. i., to have a place worn in,
as in the inside of a ring used on a
neckyoke; notched in wood or iron;
lampoa, pi.

lanla, n., name of some insect; or (ac
cording to another informant) a small
bird.

lanlakechi, v. t., to indent.

lanlaki, pp., indented.

lanlaki, a., scraggy.

lanlaki, n., a dent; a notch.

lapali, a., lateral.

lapali, n., the side; ''by," Josh. 5: 13;
lapoli, pi.

lapali, v. n., to stay on the side; to be
the side; lapoli, pi.

lapali, pp., a.4 being on the side; placed
on the side; plated, Matt. 9: 16; lapoli,
pi.

lapali, adv., slightly.

lapalichi, v. t., to place on the side or
bottom, as in setting a horseshoe, or
in plating metal, or in sewing on a piece
of cloth, Matt. 9: 16; lapolechi, pi.

lapalichi, n., one who sets or places on
the side; lapoliclii, pi.

lapalika, n., the side, Matt. 13: 1; the
border, Matt. 4: 13; the edge, Luke 5: 1.

lapalittosholi, v. t., to translate slightly.

lapisa, v. t., to make.

lapish, see lapisJi.

lapitta, n., a buck with full-grown horns;
a stag.

lanpli, v. t. sing., to make a notch in wood
or iron; lanjudi, v. pi., to make notches.

laponli, Gen. 30: 35.

lapushki, a., mellow; soft, Matt. 11:8,
as Hour or dry ashes; supple; line; im
palpable; pliable, as dressed skin; lank;
silken; iklapushko, not line; coarse.

lapushki, v. n., to be mellow, soft, or pli
able.

lapushki, v. a. i., to soften.

lapushki, n., mellowness; softness.

lapushki, pp., mellowed; softened; trit
urated.

lapushki, adv., finely.

lapushkichi, v. t., to soften; to supple;
to triturate.

alnsa, n., a scar.

lasimo, v. a. i., to curl or inzzle up like
hair or wool.

lasun, n., a leech; a blood sucker.

lashke, imp. rnood, 1st per. sing., let
me; also of future tense, indicative
mood, 1st per. sing., I shall; I will; see
lakofichilashke, Matt. 8: 7.

latasa, a., flat.

latasa, v. n., to be flat.

latasa, n., flatness.

latasalli, v. t. sing., to flatten; naU an
latasalli, to flatten the bullet.

latastua, a. pi., flat.

latastua, v. n., to be flat.

latastuli, v. t., to flatten them.

lataswa, a. pi., flat; pp., flattened.

lataswa, v. n,, to be flat.

lataswa, n., flat ones.

latassa, a., flat.

latassa, v. n. , to be flat.

latassa, pp., flattened.

latassachi, v. t., to flatten.

laua, v. t,; hahankloka laua hatukosh,
Luke 23: 8. [This should read lauaka
hahanklo hatukosh.— H. S. H.]

laua, a., many; plenteous; numerous;
abundant; copious; dense, Matt. 7: 22;
10: 31; full; manifold; much; plentiful;
sufficient; unmeasured, Matt, 13: 17;
Luke 2: 34; large, as itanaha laua, a large
meeting; ktnwa, nas. form; iklaun, few;
insufficient; minor; scanty; scarce;
short; thin; younger, Matt. 7: 14.

laua, v. a. i., to suffice; to superabound.

laua, v. n., to be many; to abound ; laua-
li, I abound; la^wa, nasal form, many,
Matt. 7: 22; lah/an-a; ildauo, v. a. i.,
to lack; to want; lauat la, to increase;
iklauotia, v. a. i., to fail; to remit; to
wane; lauat idit in, v. a. i, to thrive; to
increase.

laua, adv., freely; much; laua fehna,
much more; profusely.

laua, n., aplenty; a number; an abun
dance; a multitude; a throng; a supply;
a sufficiency; a crowd; a flood; a host; a
legion; amass; a myriad; richness; a
shoal; a swarm.

laua alhpesa, n., a supply.

laua alhpiesa, a., ample; quite enough.

laua chuhmi, a., considerable; a good
deal.

laua fehna, a., overmuch; redundant.

laua fehna, adv., many times.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

laua insh.ali, a., main; most.

laua kat kaniohmi, as many, Matt.
14:36.

lauachi, v. t., to multiply; to do many or
much, Matt. 13: 58; to increase the
number or supply; to amplify; to prop
agate; lauachit anumpuli, to amplify in
discourse; lauachit ishi, to receive much;
to hold a great deal; lauachit, adv.,
very much.

lauat taha, pp., redoubled.

laue, lauwi, a., equal; adequate; able;
chimaiitilauashke, be to thee as, Matt.,
18: 17: itilaui, Matt. 10: 16; 17: 2; hash
itilauashke; itilanishke, it is like, Matt.
11: 17; iklauo, unequal; inferior; pp.,
decreased; ikalauwo, least, Matt. 5: 19.

laue, v. n., to be equal, or adequate;
iklauo, to be unequal; iklauotia, v. a. i.,
to decay; to decrease; to lessen.

lauechi, v. t., to equal, to do as much,
or to do as well; chiklauecho, you do not
do as much or as well as he; lauinchi,
nasal form; iklauecho, a., not to equal;
inadequate; unequal; unable; iklaue-
chokechi, v. t., to decrease; to diminish;
to lessen; to palliate.

lauechi kat ikono, n., inability.

laya, n., a lawyer (an imitation of the
English word); an attorney at law.

labaha, labbaha, n., jabber.

labaha, n., a jabberer.

labahahanchi, v. a. i., to keep jabbering.

labahahanchi, n., a rattle; a rattling.

labahachi, v. a. i., to jabber; labahanchi.

labbi, oklabbi, v. a. i., v. t., to touch with
the tongue; to eat with the fingers, as
honey or grease, first dipping the fore
finger into the honey, etc.

labbi, v. t., to sop.

labbi, n., sop.

labli, a., choked up; stopped up, as the
throat or a pipe; closed up, as the ears
or heart, in a figurative sense.

labli, v. n., to be choked up.

labli, v. a. i., to choke up; to fill up, as
a pipe.

lablichi, v. t., to choke it up; to stop up;
to obstruct, Gen. 19: 11; nishkin an
lablichi.

lacha, a., wet; moist; damp; soggy.

lacha, v. n., to be wet, damp, or moist.

lacha, v. a. i., to relent; to give.

lacha, pp., wetted; moistened; drenched;

imbrued; irrigated.
lacha, n., wetness.
lachali, v. t., to wet; to moisten; to

drench; to imbrue; to irrigate; to water,
lalli, v. t., to beat, as gold; tali lolixxo

lakna lalli, 1 Kings 10: 16; kill a, pass.,

tali holisso lakna lalla, beaten gold, 1

Kings 10: 17.
lallichi, v. t., to crack, as nuts; oksuk an

lallichi, to beat; lallichi, pp.
lapa, a., blind, Matt. 9: 27, 28; 11: 5;

12: 22; 15: 14.
lapa, v. n., to be blind; lapli; InpHcJii, v.

t., to make blind; to blind, Gen. 19: 11.
lapa, n., blindness; ablepsy.
lapa inmoma, a., born blind, John 9: 1.
lapa inmoma, n., natural blindness.
lapchu, n., a worm; an earthworm, such

as are used as bait for fish; also one

species of those that are generated in

the human body, the long round worm,

a belly worm which sometimes occa
sions sickness.

lapchu abi, n. , a vermifuge.
lapish, lapish n., a horn; a trumpet, 1

Sam. 2: 10; Josh. 6: 4, 5, 6, 8, 13.
lapish filamminchi, n., an antler; a start

or branch of a horn.
lapish hituk aialhto, n., a powder

horn.

lapish infilammi, n., an antler,
lapish intakalichi, v. t., to cup with a

horn.

lapish isht impa, n., a horn spoon,
lapish kobafa, n., a pollard; a stag that

has cast his horns.
lasaha, v. t. pi., to strike with the palm

of the hand; to slap; to spank; to

thump.

lasaha, n., a striker; a spanking.
lasalichi, v. t. sing., to strike once with

the palm of the hand; to spank; to slap;

to thump.

lasalichi, n., a thumper; atrip,
lasalichit akkachi, v. t., to trip.
Lashe, n., Russia.

Lashe inminko, n. , the autocrat of Russia.
Lashi yakni, n., the Russian empire.
lashpa, a., hot; warm; sultry; burning;

inflamed; ardent; fervent; fiery; torrid.
lashpa, v. n., to be hot; itinlasltjxt, to be

warm against each other, as in debate.
lashpa, pp., heated; warmed.

244

BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

lashpa, v. a. i., to glow.

lashpa, n., heat, fervor ;hotness; warmth.

lashpa ammona, n., mild heat.

lashpa fehna, a., scalding hot.

lashpa isht akostininchi, n., a ther
mometer.

lashpachi, y. t., to heat; to warm.

lashpali, v. t., to heat; to warm.

lashpali, n., a heater.

lashpat humma, a., red-hot.

lashpat humma, v. n., to be red-hot.

lashpat hummachi,v. t., to heat red-hot.

le, per. pro., 1st per. sing., I, found after
active verbs before tuk, kanto, kauo, etc.
It is derived from //, and is pronounced
le for the sake of euphony; see la; ex
amples: ialek, chumpaletuk, mintilekamo,
piftalekano.

lek, part., similar to kamo] ontiliaJdek;
some say -nek-.

leli, v. t., to hoe; to weed plants; to
destroy the weeds; to plow among
corn and similar vegetables the first
time; see (deli [Byington has lele].

leli, n., a weeder.

leplosi, n. (Eng. word), leprosy.

leplosi abi, n., a leper, Matt. 8: 2.

li, per. pro. 1st per. sing. I, found after
all active verbs, except where la and
le occur, which are indeed the same
word, being varied in pronunciation
for the sake of euphony.

lin, f,,r Una, I, or I till, T while, Matt. 17:
17; Acts 24: 12.

lia, pp., weeded; hoed.

liahpo, n., a sore; an ulcer.

liahpo abi isht illi, n., a leper, Luke
4: 27.

liahpo abi isht illi, n., leprosy.

liahpo hakshup, n., a seal).

liabli, v. t. , to rend; to tear a skin.

libbachih, v. a. i., to burn and make a
noise like burning sulphur. — J. E.

libbi, pp., inflamed; to be kindled, as
wrath, Josh. 7: 1.

libbi, n., a blaze; a flame.

libbi, v. a. i., to blaze; to flame; to burn;
li)nbi, nas. form; HJiimbi, pro. form.

libbichi, v. t., to cause it to blaze; to make
a blaze; to flame; to inflame.

libbika, n., the flame; the flames.

libbikachi, a., feverish; Ubblkahanchi,
continued burning from a fever.

libesha, a., warm; sanguine; tepid; n.,

warmth.

libesha, v. n., to be warm,
libisha, libbisha. v. a. i., to warm; to

become moderately heated,
libisha, pp., warmed; heated; moder
ately heated; libbixhu, a degree less,

like chitto from chito.
libishli, v. t., to heat; to warm,
libishli, n. , a heater,
lihpibichi, v. t., to make fine, as dust;

Deut. 9: 21.
likefa, n., a dint.
likefa, pp., dinted,
likema, v. t., to warm one's self by the

fire,
likema, v. a. i., to be warm; applied to

water; oka yat likema.
likemachi, v. t., to warm another by

the fire.

likiffi, v. t., to dint,
likimmi, v. t., to warm,
lilli, n. , a lily,
lin, I; as qpalin, I may not eat; lin is

from li and na.
lint, the n and t are united with li, I;

the n has a neg. meaning; the t is

a connective; see n.
lip, n., a sudden motion,
lipa, lipachi, lipat, v. a. i., to move sud
denly, as chu.kash at lipachi, the heart

moves quickly, is excited; lipat kucha,

to go out quickly; lijxtt lopulli, to dart;

lipat ont ia, to go past quickly,
lipeha, a., fine and soft, as thread or silk,
lipeha, v. n., to be fine and soft.
lipehachi, v. t., to make fine and soft,
lipemo, a., fine and soft, as down or

cotton.

lipemo, v. n., to be fine and soft.
lipemochi, v. t., to make fine and soft.
lipihbi, a., tine; bota lipiJtbi, fine flour,

2 Kings 7: 1.
lipinka; lii>ipinkachi, a., soft, as raiment

spoken of, Luke 7: 25; f.ij>inkaclii, a.,

soft and fine, as cloth.
lipinto, a., fine and soft,
lipisto, lipishto, a., fine and soft, as

thread; Itixhi lipixhto.
lipisto, v. n., to be fine,
lipistochi, v. t., to make line and soft,
lipkachi, v. a. i., to flare; to throb, as an

inflammation; probably derived from

Up or libbi.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF TIIE CHOC TAW LANGUAGE

245

lipko, a., swift; lipki, obsolete.

lipli, v. a. i., to flare.

liplichi, v. t., to cause it to flare.

liplosi, n., leprosy.

liplosi abi, n., a leper, Matt. 11: 5.

linsa, v. a. i., to troat; to cry, as a buck in

rutting time,
lisepa, a., fine, as cloth.
lisisinkachi, a., very fine and soft, as

small threads.
lisisinkachi, v. n., to be very fine and

soft,
lish, I, etc., from li and diet, the cJt

changed to sh for sound's sake, I pre
sume, as in all the other persons the

conj. is cha, Matt. 2: 8; ialish, I will go,

etc., Matt. 8: 7; cf. onalish pisalacJiin,

ishona cha ishpisachfo.
lishke, per. pro. 1st per. sing, after

active verbs at the end of a sentence;

ialishke, I go; I do go; I am going; see

ishke.
lishoa, v. a. i., to come to pieces; to rub

to pieces; to crumble; to break in

pieces,
lishoa, pp., rubbed to pieces; bruised to

pieces; broken to pieces; mashed; pas-

ka yat lishoat taha.
lishoa, n., pieces; crumbs; orts.
lisholichi, v. t., to mash,
lisholili, v. t., to rub to pieces; to

crumble; to mash,
litafa, v. a. i. sing., to break, as a thread

or rope; to sever; to snap; to come in

two.
litafa, pp. sing., broken, as thread;

severed; ponola yat litafa, sundered.
litafa, n., a breach; that which is broken,
litali, pi., litqffi, sing., v. a. i., to break,

as thread.

litali, pp., broken, as cords.
litali, 11.. the things which are broken.
litalichi, v. t., to break; to snap them,

as cords,
litaffi, v. t. sing., to break, as a cord;

to sunder; to snap it off; to sever.
litaffii, 11., a breaker; one who breaks a

cord, thread, etc.
litak, n. , the snap of a rope,
liteha, a., pp., dirty; smeared; soiled;

greased; besmeared; greasy; impure;

defiled; dirtied; polluted; sordid;

squalid; stained; sullied; turbid.
liteha, v. n., to be dirty, greasy, or muddy.

liteha, n., dirt; smut and grease; im
purity; pollution; a stain.

litehachi, v. t., to besmear; to dirty; to
grease; to make foul.

liteli, liteli, v. t., to besmear; to dirty; to
defile; to foul; to mud: to muddy; to
pollute; to stain; to sully.

litelichi, v. t., to strike with a stick.

litetuk, n., tramping of horses.

litinha, pi. v. t., to strike with sticks,
or to beat with sticks.

litinha, n., a striker.

litikfo, n., grease.

litikfo, a., pp., greasy; greased; oiled.

litikfo, v. 11., to be greasy.

litikfo, pp., greased.

litikfochi, v. t., to grease; to begrease.

litilakachi, pp. pi., cracked, as dry
ground.

lititunkachi, a., shabby.

lititunkachi, v. n., to be shabby.

litoa, litowa, v. a. i., to shatter; to di
gest, as food in the stomach.

litoa, litowa, pp., a., mashed; bruised;
rent; contused; pommeled; shattered;
trodden soft, like mud in a road; sore,
as a sore mouth; contrite; crushed;
quashed; itiqlbl at litoica, the lips are
sore; iklitowo, a., unbroken.

litoa, n., contusion; shatters.

litoli, v. t., to mash; to bruise; to rend;
to make sore, as the mouth; to con
tuse; to crash; to crush; to pommel; to
quash; to smash; to squash. [I have
always heard this litoli. — H. S. H.]

liwali, luwali, v. a. i., to be sore, as the
gums when diseased with scurvy. —
Hiletqbi, informant.

liweli, v. a. i. pi., to fall; to drop off, as
leaves or fruit.

liweli, n., a fall; a dropping.

liweli, v. a. i., to crumble off and drop
like earth on a bluff, or the sides of a
wall.

liwelichi, v. t., to cause to fall; to shake
off fruit, leaves, etc.

lobafa, v. a. i., to turn up by the roots,
as a tree chat falls down; to be plucked
up; Luke 17: 6.

lobafa, pp., turned up by the roots; eradi
cated; Hi at lobafa, plucked up by the
roots.

lobafa, n., roots turned up; that which
is plucked up.

246

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

lobaii, lubali, v. a. i. pi., to turn up

by the roots.
lobali, pp., turned up by the roots;

eradicated,
lobali, n. pi., the trees, etc., plucked

up by the roots.
lobafn,v. t. sing., to pluck up by the roots;

to turn up by the roots; to eradicate.
lobbi, v. t. sing., to pluck up; to turn up

by the roots, Matt. 13: 29; see lubbi.
lobli, see lubbi.
loboa, a., plump; round,
loboa, v. n., to be plump,
lobobumkachi, a., plump,
lobobumkachi, v. n., to be plump,
lobuhbo, pi., lumbo sing., a., round;

globular.

lobuhbo, v. n., to be round.
lobuhbochi, lohbobochi, v. t., to make

them round; chcikonlicldt lohbobocJii, 1

Kings 6: 18.
lobuiia, n., purslane, called pusley, a

weed growing in gardens; labuna, la-

banlct. — James Wall.
lochussa, v. a. i., to be near each other

and stand straight up like some cow's

horn ; wak lapish lochussa.
lohboachi, n., knops, 1 Kings 7: 24.
lohmat taloa, v. a. i., to hum.
lohto, n., a cluster; pankki lohto, a cluster

of grapes.

lohto, a., being full of branches; clus
tered.
lohto, v. n., to be full of branches, or to

be in a cluster, or clustered,
lokoli, see lukoli.
lokussa, v. a. i., to huddle,
lokussa, pp , huddled,
lokussa, n., a huddle,
lokussalli, v. t., to huddle,
lokush, n., a dipper; a water-gourd; a

ladle.
loma, adv., lightly; see Itima, softly, as a

wind, Acts 27: 13.

lopa, v. a. i., to turn up by the roots,
lopa, luba, pp., plucked up by the

roots; exterminated,
lopa, n., that which is plucked up.
loshuma, lushoma (q. vj, pp., finished.
loshummi, lushomi (q. v.), v. t., to

finish; to complete; to achieve; lusltum-

mi, 1 Sam. 3: 18.
lotohachi, v. a. i., to trickle down like

drops of sweat; to drop fast, as sweat

or blood, etc.; laksha kat lotohahanchi,

issuba hat lotohachi, a horse sweats wThen

he runs,
lotuski, a., short and thick; sJiukha lo-

tuski.

lotuski, v. n., to be short and thick.
lotuskichi, v. t., to make short and

thick.
lua, v. a. i., to burn; to ignite; to fire; to

take fire; to rage, as a fever; italua, to

burn together; to consume; to kindle.
lua, pp., a., burnt, Josh. 7: 15; fired; cau
terized; inflamed; burned; enkindled;

fervid; fiery; ignited; kindled; scalded;

scorched; torrid; ikluo, a., unburnt.
lua, n., a burn; a burning; a conflagra
tion; fuel [?]; ignition.
lua taha, pp., consumed.
luachi, vt., to burn; to set on fire; to

cause to burn; to inflame; to ignite; to

cauterize; to enkindle; to fire; to scald;

to scorch.

luachi, n., a burner,
luachi, n., ignition.
luahe keyu, a., incombustible,
luak, n., fire; luak itokaha, "cast into

the fire," Matt. 7: 19; Josh. 7: 15; luak

ak keyukma pilashpalie ket/u.
luak aiulhti, n., a fire-hearth; a hearth.
luak apala, n., a fire-pan; a torch-pan.
luak ashoboli, n., a chimney; a flue; a

fireplace; a hearth.
luak ataha iksho, n., everlasting fire,

Matt. 18: 8.

luak atoba, n., a fire place,
luak chito, n., a great fire; the great fire,

Matt. 13: 50; a conflagration; the place

of future torment; hell.
luak ikbi, n., a fire man; a man who

makes fires.
luakiksita, n., the hearth or fireplace,

Gen. 18: 6.
luak ipokni, n., light white ashes, just

after they are made by the fire,
luak isht apunfachi, n., a fire bellows;

bellows.

luak isht chilichi, n., a iire-poker.
luak isht ikbi, n., a match,
luak isht kiseli, n., lire-tongs.
luak isht punfa, n., a bellows.
luak isht shafa, n., a fire-shovel.
luak isht shaffi, n., a fire-shovel.
luak ituksita, n., a fire-hearth; a

hearth; a fireplace.

fcYINGTON]

A DICTIONAHY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

247

luak mosholi, v. a. i., to die or go out,

as fire.

luak mosholi, pp., extinguished fire,
luak mosholichi, v. t., to extinguish

fire; to put out fire,
luak mosholichi, n., a fireman; a man

whose business is to extinguish fires,
luak palali, n., the ignis fatuus.
luak shall, n., the venereal disease (a

proper name; lit., to carry fire),
luak toba, n., fuel; luak toba nana kia

isht ala.

luak tobaksi, n., a coal of fire,
luak tobaksi mosholi, n., charcoal;

blacksmith's coal; carbon,
luat humma, a., red-hot,
luat humma, v. n., to be red-hot.
luat hummachi, v. t., to heat red-hot,
luba, lopa, pp., exterminated; lubat taha,

extirpated,
lubbi, lobbi, v. t. pi., to root up, Matt.

13: 29; to pluck up by the roots; to ex
terminate; lobli, sing,
lubbit tali, v. t. , to extirpate,
luboa, see Child's Book on the Soul, pp.

5, 12.
lubona, pp., boiled in the kernel; tanchi

lubona.
lubona, v. a. i., to boil in the kernel;

tanchi at lubona.
luboni, v. t., to boil in the kernel; to

cook in the kernel; tanchi an luboni; see

liobi.

luehachi, v. a. i., to shed hair,
luf a, pp., peeled; stripped; pared; shelled;

husked; tanchi at lufa, tobi at lufa, tak-

kon at lufa.
lufa, 11., a husk,
him, v. t., to husk; to shell; to peel; to

pare; to skin; to strip,
luffi, n., a husker; a parer.
luha, pp. pi., husked; pared; shelled;

peeled.
luhmi, v. t., v. a. i., to hide; to secrete;

to conceal; to cloak; to closet; to couch,

Matt. 11: 25; 13: 44; Josh. 2: 4, 6; to ab
scond; to envelop; to shut, as a book;

to skulk; to stifle; to suppress; to veil;

ikinluhmo, 1 Sam. 3: 18; to cover: ileln-

Jimi, to hide himself; to hide herself,

Luke 1: 24; itinluhmi, to hide from each

other.
luhmi, n., a hider; ilclulimi, an ab-

sconder.

luhmi keyu, a., unreserved,
luhminchi, v. t., to hide; to cause to

hide; ilaMiminchi, to hide himself,

John 1: 20 [?].

luhmit nana apesa, v. t., to conspire;

to plan something secretly.
lukchuk, n., mud; mire; slush.
lukchuk ansha, a., muddy.
lukchuk bano, a., muddy; till mud; pp.,

muddied.
lukchuk banuchi, v. t., to muddy; to

soil with mud.

lukchuk chito, n., deep mud; a slough.
lukchuk chit o, a., very muddy; heavy;

miry; muddy.
lukchuk okakania, v. a. i., to stall; to

mire down.

lukchuk yalallaha, n., a quagmire.
lukfanta, n., whitewash.
lukfanuna, n., a brick kiln.
lukfapa,n., a lick orasaline place; aplace

where cattle and beasts of the forest-
deer and buffalo — eat the dirt and lick

for salt,
lukfi, n., dirt; clay; earth; soil; ground,

dust; argil.

lukfi atoba, a., earthen; made of earth,
lukfi hata, lukfata, n., chalk; white

clay.
lukfi humma, lukfomma, n., red dirt;

vermilion; red paint; rouge.
lukfi isht kula, n., a spade.
lukfi isht patasalli, n., a trowel.
lukfi isht piha, n., a shovel.
lukfi kotoba, n., a jug; a jar.
lukfi lumbo, n., a clod; a lump of clay,
lukfi nuna, n., a brick.
lukfi nuna boli, n., a bricklayer,
lukfi nuna ikbi, n., a brickmaker.
lukfi nuna isht atta, n., a mason; a

brick mason.

lukfi nuna patali, v. t., to pave,
lukfi nuna pilesa, n., a mason,
lukfi nuna tushafa, n., a brickbat,
lukfi yamaska, v. t., to make mortar,
lukfi yammaska, n., mortar.
lukfomma, see lukfi Immmn.
lukluki, pi. of lukoli, Oh. Sp. Book, p. 77.
lukoli, lokoli, v. a. i.. to collect; to flock;

to cluster; to huddle, Josh. 4: 18; ita-

lukoli, to flock together; lukonli, 11. f.;

italukonli, being collected together.

248

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

lukoli, alukoli, 11., a drove; a herd; a
bunch; a cluster; a flock; a group; a tuft;
chuka alokoli, a village.

lukoli, pp., collected; huddled; clustered;
grouped.

lukolichi, v. t., to bring together in herds;
to bunch; to cluster; to group.

luksi, n., a terrapin; a tortoise; also, a
padlock; alock;luksabas1ika', luksfobiya;
luksikonih; luksipatoni; luksishawi.

luksi bashka, n., a striped-headed turtle.

luksi chito, n., a tortoise.

luksi fulup, n., the cock of a gun lock.

luksi konih, n., a gopher.

luksupa foli, n., a night hawk.

luli, v. t. pi., to husk; to peel; to shell;
to pare.

luli, n., a parer.

luma, pp., hidden; secreted; out of sight;
occult; concealed; covered; enveloped;
retired; shut, as a book; suppressed.

luma, n., quietness; a retreat; a secret.

luma, a., occult; unseen; out of sight;
clandestine; close; dim; dormant; dis
guised; latent; privy; quiescent; re
cluse; recondite; tacit; underhand; un-
exposed; unsearchable; Matt. 5: 14,
hid; Matt. 10: 26; 13: 44; Josh. 7: 21;
iklumo, a., naked; undisguised.

luma, v.n., to be occult.

luma, v.a. L, to disappear; to lurk; ila-
luma.

luma, loma, adv., softly; secretly; privily;
easily; obscurely; slyly; loma means in
a less degree than luma.

luma keyu, a., undissembled.

lumanka, a., hidden.

lumanka, v. n., to be hidden; isht inlu-
manka, Matt. 5: 28; anlumankashke, be
in secret; itinlnmanka, to be hidden
together; to fornicate; to commit forni
cation, Matt. 5: 32; to be guilty of lewd-
ness or adultery, Matt. 5: 27.

lumanka, n., secrecy; alumanka, n., in
secret; the secret place, Matt. 6: 4; ai-
alinnankd, n., in secret, Matt. (5: 18.

lumanamihachi, v. t., to murmur, Luke
5: 30.

lumasi, a., secret; easy; slight; un
strained.

lumasi, adv., secretly; easily; obscurely;
quietly; softly; stilly.

lumasit, adv., secretly.

lumat ansha, imp., hush; keep still.

lumat ikhana, n., privity.

lumat taloa, v. a. L, to hum.

lumat, adv. , silently; secretly, Matt. 1: 19;
Josh. 2: 1.

lumat anumpa, n., a whisper.

lumat anumpuli, v. t. , v. a. i. , to whisper.

lumat anumpuli, n., a whisperer.

lumat chinya, v. a. i., to sit in secret; to
wait in secret for any object.

lumat fohki, v. t., to slip in.

lumat ishko, v. t., to sip; todriiiku little.

lumat kania, v. a. i. , to sneak off.

lumbo, a. sing., round; globular; spher
ical; convex; orbed; oval; rotund;
hatak lumbo, an individual.

lumbo, v. n., to be round.

lumbo, pp., made round; rounded;
rolled.

lumbo, n., a ball; a globe; a lump; a
packet; a roll; roundness.

lumboa, lumpoa, pp. pi., hid; hidden;
concealed; secreted, Josh. 10: 27; luma,
sing.

lumbochi, v. t., to make round; to
round; to roll; to make a ball.

lumiksho, a., ingenuous; \vithout dis
guise; plain; self-evident.

lumpoa, a., occult.

lumpoa, v. n., to be occult.

lumpuli, v. t. pi., to hide; to secrete; to
conceal.

lunatik, n., lunatic; an imitation of the
English word.

lupaha, v. a. i., to discharge saliva; ittik-
cld lupaha.

lupi, n., brains; marrow; brain; pulp.

lupi aialhto, n., the brain pan.

lusa, a., black; dark; jet; dull; sable;
smutty; swarthy.

lusa, n., black; smut; a blemish; black
ness; a blot; a blur; soil.

lusa, v. n., to be black.

lusa, pp., blacked; dyed black; colored
black; soiled; blurred; blotted; tar
nished; iklnxo, a., unsoiled; unspotted;
unsullied.

lunsa, n., a swamp; a fen.

lunsa aiali, n., the edge of a swamp; the
end of A swamp; the limits of a swamp.

lunsa chito, n., a large swamp; Big
Black, the name of a river in the old
nation.

A DICTIOKAEY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

249

lunsa foka, a., swampy.

lusa iksho, a., unblemished.

lunsa shahbi, n., an open swamp, being

without underbrush,
lusa talaia, n., a dot; a blot; a black

spot or place.

lusa taloha, n. pi., black spots.
lunsa tikpi, n., a large round swamp,

or the projection of a swamp.
lusachi, v. t., to black; to blacken; to

color black; to soil; to dye black; to

blot; to blur; to crock; to darken; to

slur; to smut; to speck; to spot; to

sully; to tarnish; to thumb; to make

black, Matt. 5: 36.
lusachi, n., a blackener; one who dyes

black.

lusachikchiki, a., dotted; n., dots.
lusach.it talali, v. t., to dot.
lusakbi, n., brown; dun.
lusakbi, v. n., to be brown,
lusakbichi, v. t., to brown; to color

brown,
lusbi, a., being of a dark-brown color;

auburn; chestnut; dingy.
lusbi, v. n., be of a dark-brown color.
lusbi, n., a dark -brown color,
lusbichi, v. t., to color a dark-brown; to

embrown.

lunslo, n., a mushroom,
lusluki, a., dark colored; dark-brown,

Ch. Sp. Book, p. 94; also v. n. and n.;

luslukichi, v. t.
lushka, v. a. i. (a Chickasaw word) , to

lie; to joke; to jest; to speak falsely in

sport; iklushkOj a., undeniable,
lushka, n., a liar; a joker,
lushka, n., a lie; a joke; a falsehood; a

fetch; a hoax.

lushkachi, v. t., to cause to lie; to joke,
lushoma, loshuma, pp., finished; com
pleted; see aloshuma.
lushomi, lushummi, loshummi, v. t.,

to finish; to complete; to achieve.

Josh. 10: 39; ilelo^Lonii, to complete

one's self; with all one's self, Luke

10: 27.
luwali, liwali, v. a. i., to be sore, as the

gums, when a person has the scurvy;

to drool from a sore mouth.

labanka, v. a. i., to snore, as a person in

troubled sleep.
labanka, n., a snorer.
labanka, n. , a snoring.

labeta, a., boggy; miry; muddy; marshy.

labeta, v. n., to be miry.

labeta, n., mire; soft mud; .slush.

labeta foka, a., marshy.

labetachi, v. t., to make it miry or
muddy.

labinta, nasal form, being miry, or a
mire.

labishko, n., mire.

labishko, a., miry.

labocha, v. a. i., to boil, as food in
water.

labocha, pp., boiled; done; dressed or
cooked in boiling water; seethed; sod
den.

labocha, n., boiled food; victuals; hom
iny and boiled meat; pottage.

laboshli, v. t., to cook; to boil; to dress
or cook food in boiling water; to seethe.

laboshli, n., a cook; one who boils, etc.

laboshlichi, v. t., to cause one to boil
food; to employ one to boil.

lachanko, a., muddy.

lachak, n., a single noise of a certain
kind.

lachakachi, v. a. i., to say lacJiqk.

lachakat ishi, v. t., to snatch; to catch;
to twitch.

lachinko, a., muddy.

lachinko, n., mud.

lachinkochi, v. t., to make it muddy.

lacholi, v. t., to make a sore, or sores.

lachopa, a., soft; miry, as mud; boiled
until it is soft.

lachopa., v. n., to be soft or miry.

lachopachi, v. t., to make soft or tender.

lachowa, v. a. i., to become sore; to ul
cerate.

lachowa, a., sore.

lachowa, pp., ulcerated.

lachowa, v. 11., to be sore.

lachowa, n., a sore; sores; a humor;
soreness; a pit; a pock; the scratches;
an ulcer.

lachowa chit o, a., scabby; scabbed.

lachowa hakshup, n., the scab of a sore;
a scab.

lachowa imikhinsh, n., salve.

lachowa laua, a., ulcerous; full of sores.

lachowachi, v. t., to ulcerate.

lanfa, pp., marked; ruled; written;
scarified; delineated: described; gauged;
scored; streaked; traced; -iklanfo, a.,
unmarked; unwritten.

250

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[BULL. 46

lanfa, n., a line; a long mark, made by a
carpenter's line on timber or by a pen
cil, etc.; a crease; a streak.

lafeha, n., mud; mire.

lafeha, a., muddy; miry.

lafeha, lannha, v. n., to be muddy.

lafehachi, v. t., to make it muddy.

lafeta, n., mud; mire.

lafeta, a., miry; muddy.

lafeta, v. n., to be miry; lafnita nasal
form.

lafetachi, v. t., to make it miry.

lanfi, v. t , to make a mark; to mark; to
rule; to write; to draw a line on some
thing; to scarify; to crease; to delineate;
to describe; to design; to draft; to draw;
to project; to scar; to designate; to score;
to streak; to trace; holisso lctnfi, to write
a book.

lanfi, n., a marker; a writer.

lafinha, see lafeha.

lafintini, lafintini, lafintoni, n., a bird
called a snowbird.

lannt hobachi, v. t., to picture; to draw
lines and imitate.

laha, pp., rubbed off; sucked by the
doctors; cupped by their mouths; scari
fied.

laha, n., a scarification; marks.

lahkachi, laha, pp. pi., marked; marked
with gullies, as a bluff bank by the
water that has run down its sides.

lahkachi, n., marks.

lakoffa hinla, a., curable; extri cable;
healable; sanable.

lakoffahe keyu, a., cureless; incura
ble; irredeemable; remediless; unre
coverable.

lakoffi, v. n., to recover; to escape dis
ease; to heal; dt'dakofi, you have re
covered; inlakofi, to lose, Matt. 10: 42.

lakoffi, n., a recovery; an escape; a clean
ing; a cure; a come off; an extrication;
a restoration; salvation.

lakoffi, a., whole.

lakoffi, pp., recovered; cured; escaped;
delivered; healed, Matt. 15; 28; saved;
missed; shielded; ransomed; redeemed;
redressed; released; relieved; remedied;
restored; extricated; freed; chibikoji,
you are cured, Luke 5: 14 [?] ; Josh. 5:
8; Matt. 8: 13; lakofi t iutalta, were whole;
faA'orc/ff having escaped; missing; lakoflik,
past tense; iklakofo, a., imransomed;

unrecovered; unredeemed; uncured;
unrelieved.

lakoffi, lakofi, v. a. i., to escape, 2 Kings,
9: 15; to come off; to get well; to recover
from sickness; to elude; to evade; to
miss; to slip; to flee from; Luke 3: 7;
lakofoUh, pi.

lakonffi, n., an escaping; a cure; a re
covery; a release.

lakoffichi, v. t., to ransom; to redeem;
to redress; to release; to relieve; to
remedy; to rescue; to restore; to shield,
Josh. 2: 13; to recover; to save; to de
liver; to heal, Luke 5: 12; to cure, Matt,
1: 21; 8: 16; 17: 16; ilelakofficM, to cure
himself, Luke 4: 23; to cleanse of a
leprosy, Matt. 12: 10; 14: 14; 15:30;
Luke 4: 27; 2 Kings 9: 15; infakofficlii,
v. t., to beat him out; to defeat him,
etc.; to free; iklakofecho, neg., Josh.
8: 22; lakofihinchi, lakafihinchi, freq.
used for pi., Luke 5: 17; 9: 2; Matt.
4: 23; 9: 35; to deliver from; Matt.
6: 13; lakofoa, pi.

lakoffichi, n., a deliverer; a saver; a
savior; a curer; a healer; a ransomer;
a redeemer; a restorer.

lakoffichi, n., redemption.

lakoffink is in past time; nasal form of
lakoffek, like chumpak, nuselek.

lakoffit isht ia, v. a. i., to begin to re
cover.

lakoffit isht ia, a. , convalescent.

lakofi, see lakoffi.

lakofoat taha, pp., healed, Luke 17: 14.

lakofoht taha, pp. pi., healed; had
been healed, Luke 8: 2.

lakofolichi, v. t. pi., to heal, Matt. 4: 24.

lali, v. t. pi., latabli, sing., to pour; to
sprinkle; to scatter; onlali, to scatter on;
to shower; to splash; lanya, o^«//«,pp.,
splashed on, n., splash.

lali, 11., a scatterer; a pourer.

lalichi, v. t., to cause to pour.

lali, v. t. pi., to mark; to scarify one's
self; to cup with the mouth, as the
Choctaw doctors are wont to do; to
sprinkle; taint!!, nasal form, to rule1.

lali, n., a scarifier; a cupper.

lalichi, v. t., to cause to be scarified; to
scarify another; to mark.

lalinchi, v. t., nasal form, to sprinkle.

lampko, linipko, a., strong; plump;
stout; athletic; lusty; robust; valid;

BYINGTOX] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

251

mighty; hatak lampko; mighty men,

Matt. 12: 29; Josh. 1: 14; 6: 2; 8: 3.
lampko, v. n., to be strong.
lampko, n., strength; force; virtue, 1

Sam. 2: 10.

lampko, pp., strengthened; braced.
lampkuchi, limpkuchi, v. t., to

strengthen; to make strong; to brace;

to corroborate; isht lumpkuchi, n., a

strengthener.
lapa, v. a. i., to spread, as a flock of

birds; to extend; pachi at lapat anya,

the pigeons spread as they fly.
lapa, pp., spread; extended; stretched.
lapa, n., extension; spreading; inlapa,

caul of the bowels.

lapat, adv., widely; to a wide extent.
lapuchi, v. t., to extend; to spread; to

cause them to spread,
latapa, v. a. i., to spill; to be suffered to

fall; to pour; latahampa, freq. ; latai-

yapa, pro.
latapa, pp., spilt; spilled; latampa, nasal

form; latahampa, freq. form; iklatapo,

a., unshed; unspilt.

latapa, n., that which is spilt; an effu
sion; a drop, Luke 22: 44.
latabli, n., a spiller.
latabli, v. t., to pour; to spill; to shed

(tears), Luke 23: 28; onlatabli, to shed

on; to pour on, 2 Kings 9:3, 6.
latinko, a., miry; muddy.
latinko, v. n., to be miry.
latinko, n., mire.
latinkuchi, v. t., to make it miry,
latimo, latemo, a., miry; boggy; soft,
latimo, v. n., to be miry,
latimo, n., mire; a bog.
latimuchi, v. t., to make it miry.
laya, see lali.
lanya, pp., nasal form, scattered; split,

Matt. 5: 13; 9: 17.
lafintini, see lafintini.
leli, v. t., to scatter, as to scatter beads,

shots, etc., on the floor; liha, pp.
leli, n., a scatterer.
leli, lili, v. t. pi. of liffi, to strip off; linli,

nas. form; to pluck off heads of wheat,

Mark 2: 23; onush an Ml, Matt. 12: 1;

lehha, pp.
lepa, v. a. i., to lie or fall on the face,

Luke 17: 16; Matt, 17: 6; lipia, pro.

form.
lia, pp., scattered; linyat nasal form.

lia, n., that which is scattered.
libanta, libanto, a., narrow, as a strip

of land.
libata, n., a leather string; a thong; a

string.

libli, see lipli.
linfa, pp., unraveled; pulled out; drawn

out, raveled; stripped ;fnli at linfa, the

switch is stripped of leaven; Uha^fa-

kachi, to strain the cords or sinews.
linfa, v. a. i., to unravel; to ravel; to

come out; to cramp; iyi at linfa, the

leg cramps.
linfa, n., that which is unraveled; the

raveling; cramp; iyi linfa, cramp in

the foot.
lifelichi, v. t. sing., to pierce; to stab;

shuka yan lifelichi, to pierce the hog; II-

finha, pi.

lifelichi, n., a stabber.
liffi, v. t. sing., to strip; to pull off; to

strip off; iti hishi liffi, to strip off the

leaves; panki an liffi, to strip off the

grapes; linfi nasal form; lihinfa, freq.
liffi, linfL, n., a stripper.
limchi, v. t. caus., to make him strip,

etc.
lifinha, pi., to stab; to pierce; lifelichi,

sing; lifoli, also pi.
lifinha, n., a stabber; or stabbers.
liha, pp. pi., stripped off; Unfa, sing.
linka, v. a. i., to blow the nose.
likaha, a., slimy; ropy; stringy, likeslip-

pery elm bark when soaked in water;

sizy; viscid.
likaha, v. n., to be slimy, ropy, or sizy;

lika.nJia, nasal form.
likaha, n., ropiness; stringiness; mother

(in vinegar); a thick, slimy substance

concreted in liquors, particularly in

vinegar.

likahachi, v. t., to render ropy or sizy.
likancha, a., slimy.
likancha, v. n., to be slimy.
likancha, n., sliminess.
likanchachi, v. t., to render slimy,
likanli, a., slimy; soft; slippery, like

soaked slippery-elm bark,
likanli, v. n. , to be slimy.
likanli, n., sliminess.
likanlichi, v. t., to render slimy.
likansha, a., stringy; ropy.
likansha, v. n., to be stringy.
likansha, n., stringiness.

252

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

likashbi, v. a. i., to be slimy, or ropy; like

ilikalia and shinqshbi.
likinhachi, likihachi, 11., the sound of

a consumptive person's breath.
likoa, likoha, a., slimy; ropy, as soaked

slippery-elm bark.
likoa, v. n., to be slimy.
likoa, n., sliminess.
likohichi, v. t. , to render slimy.
likokoa, a., filthy, as unwashed eyes;

smutty.

likokoa, v. n., to be filthy.
likokoa, n., filthy,
likokoachi, v. t., to render filthy,
likowa, n., a pumpkin color; a mixed

color.
likowa, a., having a pumpkin color; is-

suba likowa, a pumpkin-colored horse.
likunklo, n., a small bird, called a hum
ming bird.
lilafa, v. a. i. sing., to come apart, as

cloth; to tear, as it tears; italilafa, to

tear asunder from each other, Luke 23:

45.

lilafa, pp., torn; rent; lacerated; man
gled; italilafa, rent in twain, Luke

23: 45; italilqffi, to tear asunder, Matt.

6: 65; Josh. 7:6 (to rend clothes),
lilafa, n., a rent; the thing torn; a gap;

a laceration.
lilalankachi, lilallankachi, pp. pi., torn,

tattered; rent; ragged; shabby; shukbo

at lilalankqchi, the blanket is torn to

pieces.
lilalankachi, n., rags; things rent, torn,

etc.
lilali, pp. pi., torn; rent; mangled, Josh.

9: 4.

lilali, n., rents; things torn.
lilalichi, v. t., to tear; to rend; to

mangle.

lilalichi, n., a tearer; a mangier.
lilaffi, v. t, sing., to tear; to rend; to

lacerate; to sever, Matt. 9: 16.
lilaffi, n., a tearer; a render.
lilaffi, n., a laceration,
lilechi, lillichl, v. t. pi., to tear; to rend,

to mangle.

lilechi, lillichi, n., a tearer; a render.
lilli, v. t. pi., to tear; to rend.
lilli, pass., rent; applied to salt kettles

when old and scaling off.
lili, leli, v. t. pi., to strip off (leaves or

seed from a stalk); linli, nasal form.

limimpa, a., smooth; sleek and hard, as
flint corn.

limimpa, v. n., to be smooth, sleek, and
hard.

limimpa, n., sleekness; smoothness;
hardness.

limimpachi, v. t., to render sleek; to
sleek.

limishko, a., sleek, smooth, and shin
ing, like flint corn or the hair of a
well-fed horse.

limishko, v. n., to be sleek or smooth;
shqpo at limishko, the hat is sleek;
tanchi at limishko, the corn is smooth
or sleek.

limishkuchi, v. t., to sleek; to render
smooth.

limpko, see lampko.

limpkuchi, see lampkuchi.

linli, v. t. , to rub in the hands, as ears of
wheat, Mark 2: 23.

lioa, alioa, v. a. i. pi., to pursue; to chase;
to follow.

lioli, v. t., to pursue; to chase, 2 Sam.
24: 13; itilioli, to pursue each other;
to rut, as animals.

lioli, n., a pursuer; a chaser.

lioli, n., a chase; a pursuit.

lipa, a., old; having been long used;
threadbare; trite, Josh. 9: 4.

lipa, pp., worn out; worn; inverted; lipli,
v. t.

lipa, n., that which is worn out.

lipachi, v. t. cans., to wear out; to
cause to wear out.

lipeli, v. t., to turn over; to turn bottom
side up; to lay anything with the face
toward the earth; to invert; to over
throw; to reverse.

lipia (from lepa], v. a. i., to fall or lie with
the face toward the earth, <(ka lipia,
Matt. 4: 9; 2 Sam. 24: 20; Josh. 5: 14;
7: 10; to lie on the face; to fall down, as
a man in an act of worship; see Luke
5: 8 (to lie low).

lipia, pp., turned over; laid on the
face; inverted; overthrown; reversed.

lipia, a., prone.

lipia, n., that which is turned over; a
lying on the face; proneness; attitude
of worship; a humble posture; prostra
tion.

lipiat itola, v. a. i., to fall down, Matt.
2:11; Luke 5: 12.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

253

lipiat itola, n. , a worshiper; one that has
fallen down; one that lies on his face.

lipkachi, pi. of lipia, pp., turned over;
lying on the face, Mark 3: 11.

lipkachi, v. a. i., to turn over on the
face; to fall down; to lie on the face;
to take a humble posture for the wor
ship of God; to lie low, Matt. 2: 11;
Josh. 7: 6; lipkanchi, nasal form; lip-
kaiyachi, pro. form.

lipkachi, n., those who lie on their faces;
those who act as worshipers.

lipli, libli, v. t., to wear; to wear out, as
a garment.

lipoli, v. t. pi., to turn over; to lay on
the face, or bottom upward; lipeli sing.

liposhi, v. a. i., to pine away; to ema
ciate.

liposhi, pp., a., pined away; jaded;
cheerless; emaciated; macerated; stunt
ed.

liposhi, a., frail; imbecile; infirm or un-
firm; languid; low; lowT-spirited ; mea
ger; morbid.

liposhi, n., the state of one who has pined
away; infirmity; languor.

liposhi, n., an invalid.

liposhichi, v. t., to jade; to pine; to wear
out; to make to languish; to macerate;
to stunt.

lipulli, lopulli (q. v. ), v. t., to go through;
to pass through.

litinka, v. a. i., to breathe with difficulty
on account of some obstruction in the
nose.

litilli, n., wax; gum; resin, as the wax of
the ear.

litilli, v. a. i., to exude, as gum; to cause
the gum to exude, as wTorms do that eat
the bark; litillichi, v. cans.

litoa, v. a. i. pi., to untie, as it unties.

litoa, pp., loosed.

litoa, a., loose.

litofa, v. a. i. sing., to untie; to loosen; to
get loose; to unwind.

litofa, pp., untied; unloosed; loosened;
unwound; disengaged; disentangled;
freed; loosed ; inlitofa, pp., unfettered.

litoffi, v. t, to untie; to unloose; to
loosen; to loose; to unwind; to unbind:
to disengage; to disentangle; to un
buckle; to undo; to unfetter: to un
shackle; to unstring; injitoffi, to free
him.

litoffichi, v. t. cans., to cause to untie, etc.

litofkachi, v. a. i. pi., to untie; to loosen.

litofkachi, pp. p]., untied; unloosed;
loosed; unwound.

litoha, a., untied.

litoha, v. a. i., to unwind.

litoli, pi., litoffi sing., to untie; to un
wind; to unloose, Luke 3: 16; to un
bind; to unlink; see Jiotofi.

litoli, n., one who unties, unwinds, etc.,
more than once, or they who untie.
Plural verbs are used where there in a
plurality of action, and there may or
may not be a plurality of agents.

litolichi, v. t., to cause to untie.

lobboa, a., round; plump.

lobboa, v. n., to be round and plump.

lobboa, n., a thing which is round.

lobboachi, v. t., to round; to make it
round.

loboboa, a. pi., round and plump.

loboboa, v. n. pi., to be round and
plump.

lobocha, 11., boiled food of all kinds.

lobohachi, v. t., to clap; to clap the
wings; to make a noise by flying.

lobonto, a., round.

lobukachi, v. a. i., to make a noise, as
when anything falls into water; oka
lobukachi, to douse; to fall into the
water.

lobukta, a., short and round.

lobukta, v. n., to be short and round.

lobuktachi, v. t., to render short and
round.

lofa, a., raw, as the flesh where the skin
has been removed.

lonfa, lunfa, pp., peeled; skinned;
stripped, as corn leaves from a corns
talk; flayed.

lonfa, v. a. i., to peel off; to come off.

loaffi, lunffi, v. t. sing., to skin; to flay;
to peel; to strip off (u-ak an loffi; fani an
loffi); ilelunffi, to molt, as a snake; to
skin himself.

lonffi, n., a skinner; a flayer; a peeler.

loha,pp.pl., lonfa, sing., peeled; skinned;
flayed; barked; stripped off, as fod
der from the stalks; scaled; shelled;
stripped.

loha, v. a. i., to peel off; to come off, as
skin; to shell.

loha, n. pi., that which is taken off, as
skins, etc.

254

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGt

[BULL. 46

lohama, luhama, pp., beaten down;

trodden down, as grass; trailed. See

kahama.
lohama, a., underfoot; stretched out like

an iron ring (Sixtowns meaning),
lohama, n., grass beaten down; a trail,
lohammi, v. t., to tread down,
lohammichi, v. t., to cause to tread

down; to overrun,
lokaffi, see lukaffi.
loli, v. t. pi., to skin; to peel; to flay; to

strip off skin, etc.; to scale; iti an loli,

to peel trees.

loli, n. pi., peelers; skinners.
lolichi, v. t., to cause to peel,
lopish, n., dust.
lopohachi, v. a. i., v. t., to flop the wings;

to flop; to flutter; to hover, Deut. 32: 2.
lopoli, v. a. i., to pass through slowly, as

in reading a book through; alopulli,

Josh. 3: 16.

lopoli, n., those who pass through,
lopoli, pp., put through; passed through;

pierced through.
lopolichi, v. t. pi., to cause to go through;

to put through; to pierce; to perforate;

to make holes through; to run through,
lopotoli, v. t. pi., to go thuough; to pass

through; to pass; lopohnli, nasal form;

lopulli, sing.

lopulla hinla, a., sing., passable,
lopullahe keyu, a., impassable; unpass-

able.
lopulli, lipulli, v. t., v. a. i., sing., to

pass through; to go through, Matt. 4:

24; to come over; to penetrate; to stand;

to endure, as trials, etc.; to traverse;

to undergo; to weather; to cross; to go

across: to cut across; to pervade; to

run; to look through; to go over; Matt.

14: 34, to walk through; to go through;

Matt, 10: 23; 12:43; 2 Sam. 24: 2, 5;

(to pass over) Luke 4: 30; isht lopulli,v.

t., to take through; to carry through;

to take and go through; loponli, nasal

form.

lopulli, n., one who passes through.

lopulli, a., through.

lopulli, pp., perforated; ratified; passed:

passed a house of legislation.
lopulli, v. a. i., to come through.
lopullichi, v. t,, to penetrate; to cause

to go through; to thrid; to put through,

Josh. 2: 15.

lopullit ona, v. t., to reach.

lopushki, a., soft, as a dressed skin;

pp., softened.
lopushki, v. n., to be soft.
lopushkichi, v. t., to soften.
lotama, lotaxnachi, v. a. i., to pitch

down, or to lower one end of anything

long, as a plow beam,
lotammi, v. t., to give a pitch down, in

hauling rails, etc.
lotunka, v. a. i., to snort, as a frightened

horse or a high-spirited horse in play;

to sniff.

lotunka, n., a snorter; a snorting.
luna, pp., perforated; lunli, v. t., to per
forate.

luna, v. a. i., to pierce through.
luna, n., holes.
lunfa, see lo^fa.
lunm, see lonffi.
luhama, lohama (q. v.), pp., trodden

down, as grass; fallen down, as grass

or grain; see lukama.
luhammi, v. t., to tread down; to throw

down, as grass.
lunka, v.a. i., to grunt; to murmur like a

hog.

lunka, n., a grunter.
l.unka, n., a grunting.
lukafa, pp. sing., lukali, pp. pi., pierced

through; worn through; bored through;

punctured through; gone through;

perforated; punched; iklukafo a., un-

perf orated,
lukafa, v. a. i., to pierce; to make a

hole through; to burst through.
lukafa, n., a hole.
lukaha, v. t. pi., to scourge with a whip

that has a lash; to lash.
lukaha, n., a scourging; a lashing.
lukaha, n., a scourger; one that uses the

lash,
lukalichi, v. t. sing., to lash; to snap a

whip; lukaha, pi.; lukalihinchi, freq.
lukalichi, n., a pop; the quick sound of

a whip, as a cow whip; a stripe,
lukali, pp., pierced; bored; perforated;

punched; Inkmili, nasal form; sliukl>o

at Inkaiili, the blanket is pierced or full

of holes; iklukalo, a., unperforated.
lukali, n. pi., holes.
lukali, v. a. i. pi., to break through;

to work through.

BTINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

hikalichi, v. t. pi., to perforate; to
make holes which extend through, as
through cloth, tin, etc.; to hole; to
punch.

lukalichi, n., one that makes holes, or
they who make holes.

lukalichi, n., a lasher.

lukama, n., that which is trodden down;
(should be luhama (q. v.), I think. —
B).

lukata, n., a whip.

lukata wishakchi, n., a whip-lash; a
snapper.

lukatapi, n., a whip stock; a whip-handle.

lukatola, v. a. i., to snap.

lukatola, n., the snapping of a whip.

lukatolachi, v. t., to snap a whip; to
crack a whip.

lukatolachi, n., one that cracks a whip.

lunkachi, pp., bored; worm eaten, as old
garments by insects; filled with holes,
as corn eaten by weevils; tanch lunkqchi,
weevil-eaten corn.

lunkachi, pp. pi., to eat holes, as worms
eat garments.

lunkachi, n., holes; perforations.

lukam, v. t. sing., to make a hole; to per
forate; to hole; to punch; wok haksliup
an lukaffi; he makes a hole in the cow
hide; shunshi at liolisso 7t«» apat lukaffi,
the worms eat holes in the book; nan
tqnna yan lukaffi; tall an lukaffi, to stave.

lukam, n., one who makes a hole.

lunklua, v. a. i. pi., to grunt; to murmur,
as a hog.

lunklua, n., grunters.

lunkhia, n., a grunting.

lumpa, v. a. i., to pierce; to penetrate.

lumpa, pp., pierced; penetrated; per
forated; bled; lanced; punctured; shak-
ba inlumpa, he is bled; iklumpo, a», un-
perf orated.

lumpa, n., the place pierced; the hole.

lumpli, v. t., to perforate; to penetrate:
to pierce; to bleed; to lance; to open;
to puncture; to tap; to thrill; inlumpli,
to bleed him.

lumpli, n., one who pierces; a piercer.

lumpli, n., a perforation; a puncture; see
alumpa.

lunli, v. t. pi., to perforate; Inn a, pp.

lunlichi, pi., to cause holes to be made;
to perforate; to tear to shivers; hu*li!
at tanchi an lunlichi, the birds peck the

corn ( when in the ear and on the stal k) .
lunlichi, n., a puncher.

m, a post-positive particle, successive;
simultaneous; compellative.

ma, exclam., strange, 0, used by per
sons when they find they have misun
derstood what was said.

ma, exclam., like O, in the voc., as mfrko
ma, O king. It is often heard in per
sonal salutations, but where in English
there is no corresponding word. It is
not an exclamation so much as an
acknowledgment. It partakes also of a
verb which asserts that the thing is so.
Pinshali ma, Luke 3: 12. Chosef Lewi
ushi chia ma, thou who art David's Son
Joseph, Matt. 1: 20. Pinj-i aba isWt-
nili ma, Matt. 6: 9; chitokakama, Matt.
14: 28; Josh. 7: 19.

ma, art. and rel. pro. in the obj. case,
the; which; that which; hatak ma pisa-
letnk, I saw the man, Luke 5: 10 [?].

ma, the also; used after the second or
third noun and the last of all, when one
or more come together; see Matt. 18: 18,
where ma occurs after the second noun
in each instance; atta ma, when born,
Matt. 2: 1.

ma, adv., when, expressing past time;
mintilima, ansJia intpqt ilanshama alatuk,
Luke 4: 17 [?] ; okchitot qla ma, Matt.
7: 25, 27, when the floods came; chuka
yqmmakash aiihinsoma, wrhen it beat
upon that said house; hokrhima, when
he sowed, Matt. 13: 4; hashiatkohchama,
when the sun was up, Matt. 13: 6.

mabi, adj., high and open; conspicuous,
as a hilltop; nqnih mabi. — P. Fisk.

mabli, v. a. i., to stretch; to extend; see
2 Cor. 10: 14.

Macha, n., March.

mah!, hark! listen! an interjection call
ing attention.

mahaia, a., bowing; bent up; curved,
like the brim of a hat; asonak mahaia,
a pan, 1 Sam. 2: 14; shuti mahaia, a ket
tle, 1 Sam. 2: 14.

mahaia, v. n., to be bowing or curved.

mahaia, v. a. i., to curve; to verge.

mahaia, n., a curve.

mahaiyakachi, v. a. i., to sail slowly up
and down in curves, as a buzzard.

mahaiyakachi, n. , a sailing in airy circles.

256

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

mahaiyat anya, v. a. i., to sail, as a bird;
to float in the air; to skim.

mahaiyat anya, n., a sailing; one who
sails, as a bird.

maia, v. t., to thrust in, as the hand.

maiachi, v. t., to put (the hand) in; to
thrust in; John 20: 25.

maiha, a., wide.

maiya, v. a. i., to go forward; to be on
the way going forward; this differs from
many a.

maniya, n., those who move onward; a
process; a progression.

mak, the; that; which, John 1: 21; mak
I think is ma and ak united, or a con
traction of yqmmttk, and is a demon
strative; see Matt. 5: 17, 18; ynkpamak-
oke, Matt. 3: 17; naxJioba . . . mak oka,
wolves, that is what they are, Matt.
7: 15; makikkokaJiafo, if he would speak
it would be good (an old word); mak-
ikaiyukahato, modern manner. Com
pounds: maka; makaJii oke, that shall,
Matt. 7: 21; mak is demonstrative — mak-
ano—makat—makato—makatuk an; Chisqs
Kilaist makatukan, that he was Jesus the
Christ; Matt. 16: 20 — makqt — makato —
makbano — makbat — makbato — makhe —
makJieno — makhet — makheto, if haply,
1 Sam. 14 : 30 — mak!n — makinli — mak-

. inlihoj as soon as, Josh. 2: 7, 11; 3: 13;
4: 18; and as, Josh. 3: 15 — makinlikia —
makhit — makkia; okla ikaii/omakkia,
they need not depart, Matt. 14: 16;
sachunkqsh makkia, my heart that also —
makkiaba — makma — makon, that the;
aiokpuloka makon, Matt. 11: 23; pulla
m«kon, Matt. 14: 3; illi makon illashke,
let him die the death, Matt. 15: 4; acha-
fona makon, Matt. 16: 14 — makocha —
makoka—makoke; ilqppqt Chan Baptist
makoke, this is John the Baptist, Matt.
14: 2; Klaist chia makokc, thou art the
Christ; 16: 16; 18: 7; makokakosh, Rev.
2 : 9 — makokano — makokqt — makokqto —
makokia — makona — makosh — makotfi-
bn — wftkot.

maka, v. a. i., to say; to say that; to say
so; to call, John 1:41; maTcaha^ya, freq.

makachi, v. a, i., to say that, John 1: 37;
20: 22; peh. mak«clii, he merely said so.

makali, a., mean; worthless; abject; base;
contemptible; degenerate; ignoble; ig
nominious; insignificant; low; nig

gardly; paltry; poor; scabbed; scandal
ous; scurrilous; sordid; underhand;
unmanly; vulgar; pp., degraded.

makali, v. n., to be mean or worthless;
v. a. i., to grovel; to degenerate; to
grow mean; shulush at makali, shqpo at
makali, hatak at makali, makalit isht ia,
to be mean and take and go.

makali, adv., meanly.

makali, n., baseness; lowness; a scan
dal; vulgarity.

makalichi, v. t., to render mean or
worthless; to degrade.

makhaloka, yammakhaloka, an in-
terjection of contempt.

maki, imp., take it! It is heard only in
this form, like mia, go ahead !

manko, see manshko.

malancha, a., smooth; glossy; dazzling!
bright; shining; hqshi at malancha, tali
hqta yat malancha.

malancha, v. n., to be smooth or glossy;
v. a. i., to shine.

malancha, n., brightness.

malanchachi, v. t., to make it shine.

malanta, a., nasal form, bright; glossy.

malanta, v. n., nasal form, to be bright
or glossy; tali hqta yat malanta; tali or
haksi at malanta.

malantachi, v. t., to brighten; to make
glossy; to glow.

malantkachi, v. a. i., to shine.

malantkachi, pp., brightened; made
glossy.

malaspoa, a. pi., flat; as amp malaspoa,
flat crockery, i. e., plates or platters.

malaspoa, v. n., to be flat.

malaspoachi, v. t., to make flat; to flat
ten them.

malaswa, a. pi., flat.

malaswa, pi., malqssa, sing. v. n., to be
flat.

malaswa, n., flat ones.

malaswachi, v. t., to flatten them.

malata, a., bright, etc.

malassa, a., flat and smooth; as amp
malqssa, a plate.

malassa, v. n., to be flat; malcunra, pi.

malassachi, v. t., to flatten; to make
flat.

malatha, a., glistening; shining.

malatha, v. n., to be glistening.

malatha, n., light; the lightning; bright
ness, Matt. 24: 27,

BTINGTOK]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LAXC.UAGE

257

malattakachi, v. a. i., to reflect light,

as the rays of the sun; apisa yqt malqtta-

kadii.
malattakachi, n., a reflection of light;

a thunderbolt,
maleli, baleli, y. a. i. sing., to run; to

flee, as an animal; to course; to fly; to

scamper; to scud; to scuddle; to streak;

inmaleli, to flee from, 1 Kings 11: 23;

onmaleli, to run after; pit maleli, to run

off.

maleli, n., a runner; a flier; a fugitive.
maleli, n., a run.
maleli achafa, n., a heat,
malelichi, v. t., to run; to make him

run; to cause to run; to course.
malelichi, n., a runner; one that makes

another run.
malelit kania, malit kania, v. a. i.,

to run away; to desert; mallet kucha, to

run out, Gen. 39: 12.
malelit kania, n., a runaway; a deserter,
malali, malalli, a., afraid; pp., fright
ened; scared,
malali, v. n., to be afraid; samalali, I

am afraid, or I am scared,
malalichi, v. t., to frighten; to scare,
malata, pp., scared; frightened; malanta,

n. f., Luke 3: 14; inmalanta, v. t., to

force from him by fear,
malalli, v. t., to scare,
mali, v. a. i., to blow, as the wind; to

move, as air; to flow, Matt. 11: 7; ma-

licha, blew and, Matt. 7: 25.
mali, n., the air; the atmosphere; the

wind, Matt. 14: 24, 30, 32; a blow; a

wind; a current of air; a flaw; a flurry;

a gale; a gust; a squall; mali hat, the

winds, Matt. 7: 25; mail at kucha, the

wind rises.
mali achafa, n., a blast of wind; a single

wind or blow,
mali chito, n., a great wind; a gale; a

storm; a tempest; a tornado,
mali chito, v. a. i., to storm.
mali chito laua, a., stormy.
mali iskitini, n., a breeze,
mali isht ikhana, n., a weathercock; a

vane.
mali kallo, n., a strong wind; a violent

wind; a gale; a tempest; mali kqllo

fehna kqt, a great tempest, Matt. 8: 24.
mali lashpa, n., a hot wind; the sirocco.
,S4:;:;(.) ' —Bull. 40 — 15 1 7

mali okpulo, n., a bad wind; a danger
ous wind.

mali pila, a., windward.

mali shali, a., .squally; very windy.

mali shali, v. n., to be squally.

mali tanch afotoha, n., a windmill.

malichi, v. t., to blow; to ventilate.

mampa, v. a. i., to stretch in length, as
9j man (hcttak at mampa,)', to extend in
length.

mampa, pp., stretched; extended.

mampli, mambli, v. t., to stretch out;
to extend; to draw out beyond the
natural length (applied usually to ani
mals); sinti an mampli, fan! an ruamplL

mampli, n., a stretcher.

mampoa, v. a. i. pi., to stretch; to reach
forward, as in running a race.

mampoa, pp., stretched; extended.

mampoli, v. t. pi., to stretch them.

mano, art., the; rel. pro , which.

mano, adv., when; the time when.

masali, masa, a., healed; recovered
from sickness.

masali, v. n., to be healed; v. a. i., to
get well; masa, contracted form.

masali, pp., remedied.

masalichi, v. t., to cure; to heal; to re
store to health.

masunfa, misunfa, used thus; tukon
masnnfa, an apple.

masheli, v. a. i., to clear off and become
good weather; to pass away, as clouds;
knchat masheli.

masheli, pp., cleared off; a., clear; fair;
serene; unclouded; masheli kamqk at
kqnia, entirely fair.

masheli, n., a fair sky; fair weather;
serenity.

mashelichi, v. t. , to cl ear away the clouds;
to make fair weather.

mashko, adv., already, Matt. 5: 28.

manshko, manko, adv., already; now;
at this time, John 3: 18; Matt. 17: 12;
Chu ok/a liqt a i it! ho achqfqt taha mashko
hatvk on. for the Jews had agreed
already, John 9: 22; maslikosltke, 1 Cor.
5: 3. This may be one form of the re
newed mention art. pronoun, now be
come obsolete, thus: asJi, JiasJt, yasJt,
kash, chasJi. mash.

matali, a., level; pp., leveled; yakni
matali, level land.

258

BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

matali, v. n., to be level.

matalichi, v. t., to level.

manya, v.a. i., to do thus: to be employed ;
to be; to continue; to fare; to go; to keep
on; to proceed; to verge; chinchuka
yan maniyalachintuk; hilqt manya; iti-
chanlit manya, oklat abeka iksho hosh
manya; isld may a, v.t., to continue; to
take ahead; isht mafianya, freq. form;
maha,nya, to progress, Matt. 10: 22; mai-
ya, to go forward; to be there; tali yak
manya kat, Matt. 4: 3; 5: 25; 13: 25; ant
ikmanya, let them alone; Matt. 15: 14;
to abide, Matt. 17: 22; Chutia maPya-
tnk, were in Judea, Acts 11: 1; to come,
Matt, 9: 20.

mafkachi, a., feverish,

mafkachi, see mufkacM.

malha, malhha, n., a tin pan.

malh.rn.akki, v. a. i., to swim with the
face in the water, so that the person
can not breathe. — J. Hudson; hacko™
mqlhmqkki.

mali, n., myrrh.

malit kania, see malelit kania.

malkachi, v. a. i. pi., to glisten.

malkachi, a. pi., glistening.

malkachi, n., a flash of light, as that of
lightning.

mallahtakachi, v. a. i., to flash as
lightning (a single act).

mallahtakachi, n. sing., a flash of
lightning.

malli, v. a. i., to leap, as a frog, deer, or
man; to jump.

malli, n., a jump; a leap; a long jump.

malli, n., a jumper; a leaper.

malmakachechi, v. t., to varnish.

malmakachi, pi., malata, sing., v. a. i.,
to shine.

malrnakachi, a., bright; shining.

malmakachi, v. n., to be bright.

mali, adv., indeed; truly; really, Josh.
2: 4; doubtless, 1 Cor." 9: 2; Matt. 13:
32; 17: 11; mati tim1}

mali, v. n. , to be so indeed ; to be truly so.

mano, the, ?n/,s7m . pila memo, Matt, 4: 2.

mano, when; yohmimano, "then," Josh.
2: 15.

massaha, v. t. pi., to whip with a
switch.

massalichi, v. t. sing., to strike with a
switch.

mastat, n., mustard.

mastat api, n., a mustard stalk.

mastat nihi, n., mustard seed.

mashahchi, moshahchi, pp., fanned;
winnowed.

mashlichi, mushlichi, v. t., to. winnow;
mishaJiichi, pp.

mat, the; that; which, Matt. 2: 2; Luke
3: 9; 4: 18; putamat, the also, Matt,
18: 16.

mat, when, John 2: 15; Matt. 2: 1, 3, 8, 9,
W;fonka na haklomqt, Matt. 4: 12, where
na and mat both occur; nuklakanchamat,
when he marveled, Matt. 8: 10; attatia-
mqt, when he was departed, Matt. 12: 9;
haklomat, when they heard, Matt. 12: 24,
ia mat, and luhimmat, Matt. 13: 44;
anumpulimqt, Matt. 17: 4; and, 2 Sam.
24: 5; when that, Josh. 9:1.

xnato, the; which; the one; as for the one,
Matt. 2:2.

mato, where; hatak chimaboha clmkoa-
tuk ma/o, wThere is the, etc.

Me, n., May, name of one of the months.

mia, sing, imp., go ahead! start off first!
hotepa, pi. These words are used only
in this way and form.

michik, n., the name of a noise or motion
of some kind; michikachi, v. a. i.

michikli, v. a. i., to throb: to beat, as
the pulse; ibbqk at michikli.

michikininli, v. a. i. freq., to beat, as
the pulse, continually.

michila, a., plethoric; having a fullness
of the blood vessels.

michila, v. n., to be plethoric.

michila, n., fullness of the blood vessels.

michilhha, n., the pulse.

michilhha, v. a. i., plural of initikli, to
beat,

mill, mihi, v. a. i., to be the same (but it
never takes any of the pronouns ) . m Ud
atuk moma, he is the same he was; mifi.
siamakokeh, I am he, John 18: 5; used
as a pronoun in the third person — mih,
a., same; it; he; mi}i. $ia kci/u, John 1:
21; mih nitak, same day; mih niiutk, 1
Chron. 17: 3. Derivatives are: mifi
acliqfa, n., one place; the same one, as
to time or place; same kind, species,
sort — mih acliafa bieka, a. uniform — mill
acliqfa bi/iti, a., equable; being always
one and the same — mih achqfanli, a.,
simultaneous — mih achqfanli, v. n., to
be simultaneous — mihaktfi, therefore;

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

259

because of that — mihash, the same; the
said one — mihashinli, the selfsame; the
same indeed; ditto — mihashoa, obj.
case, that said same — mihashocha, nom.
case, the same; that same — mihashoka,
that same — mihashosh, nom. case, the
same (ash and its compounds might all
be inserted) — mihayuka, mihaitjuka, in
different places, as where manure is
dropped about in a garden — mihcha,
and, Matt. 5: 33; 15: 1; 17: 27. This is
an adjunctive rather than a conjunctive
word — mihfoka, about then; at hand,
John 2: 13 — mihhakta, mihakta, be
cause of that; therefore; see hakta —
mihlioka, mihhokqto, mihkokat — mihi,
I John 3: 3 MSS., mihiatuka, Mark
10: 30 — mihiashinli, a., identical; same;
selfsame, n., synonymous — mihiashinli,
n., sameness — mihiocha, nom. case,
the same one; he — mihioke, it is the
same — mihiona, the same — mihiosh,
the same — mihiyosh, Matt. 5: 19; 11: 10;
18: 4; Mark 10: 3Q—mihiot, the same—
mihinli, the same also; Ilelot at mihinli-
tuk, Herod he the same was, Luke 23:
15 — mihinluhmi, a. (from mihinli and
ohmi) much the same as; double —
mihinluhmi, v. n., to be much the same
as — mihinluhmichi, mihinliohmichi, v. t.,
to make it much the same manner, John
13: 34 — mihinluminchi, nasal form —
mihinlu — mihinluhmi kqt iksho, there is
none such; n., a nonesuch — mihinluhmit
toba, v. a. i., to double — mihio, mihiyo,
a., the same one; he; mihion siahoke,
John 4: 26; Matt. 6: 21; to him, Matt.
13: 12 — mlhio ashinli, a., identical; n.,
the selfsame one — mihka, in that case;
•mi lika katiohma chinho — mihkakon —
mihkakosh — mihkqt, but if — mikato, but
if; then, John 1: 21 — mihhokato — mihma,
and, Luke 1: 38; Matt, 7: 24, 26; then,
John 1: 22; so, John 4: 54; at the same
time; then when; mi/i,same; ma, when,
equivalent to and; mat and ma are used
for the past tense, kmqt and kma for the
future — mihmak, he the same, John 13:
26 — mihmak ahioke, the same, that it
will be — mihmakinli, in the same place;
immediately, Matt. 4: 22; the same;
that also; selfsame, Matt. 8: 13 — mih
makinli hon, straightway, Matt. 14: 22;
that very, Matt. 17: 18 — mihmakinliho

ill'dok — mihmakinli kia, even in the
same place, or at the same time — mlh-
makon, this; the same, by way of in
quiry; is this it? John 1: 21, 23; Matt.
17: 12; mihmakon hashaiinyqmohmi, do
ye even so to them, Matt. 7: 12 —
mihmakocha — mihmakoke, it is the same,
John 1: 30; Matt. 11: IQ—milnnakosh,
this; that; the same — mifimaito, when;
and when — mihmat, and, Luke 1: 28;
Matt. 3: 2 — mihmqto, and the — miJina,
and then; and therefore; therefore —
mihyanlo, the same; the said; seemii/a.

mih.a,v. a. i., v. t., to utter; to say; to bid;
to warn; to promise; to direct; to com
mand; to order; to give charge over;
to reprove; to denounce; to enjoin; to
announce; to import; to instruct; to
mean; to profess; to protest; to repeat;
to threaten; to twit; inmihu, to admonish
him; to charge him; to menace; inmlJia
imanumpuli, to ad vise him; inmiJta, v. t.,
to rate; to reprimand; to reproach; to re
prove; to upbraid; to constrain; ilemiha,
ilamiha, to say of himself, issanmiha,
" bid me;" isht ilemiha, to excuse him
self; isht ilemihachi, to excuse himself,
ilemiha iksho, a., facile; easy; having
nothing to object; itinmiha, v. t., to
promise each other; islit amlha, to
speak by means of or on account of; to
swear by; inmiha, n., a monitor; a
counselor; mihahatuk; hqchi^mihalishke,
I say unto you: Matt. 4: 3; 34, 35, 36;
6: 16; 10: 15; 11: 7; 13: 17; 14: 7, 8,
22, 28; 16: 12, 14, 20; Josh. 4: 16, 17;
7: 8; 8: 4; Luke 3: 7, 19; 14: 18; 2 Sam.
15:12; 24:13.

miha, n., a meaning, a menace; a profes
sion; a promise; tenor; a threat.

miha, n., a promiser; a rehearser.

miliachi, v. a. i., to talk; to talk about;
to upbraid; to scold; to dictate; to re
vile. Matt. 11:20; mihahanchi, Matt.,
5: 11; to judge, Matt. 7: 1, 2; isht ilemi
hachi, to excuse himself by means of it;
isht mihachi, v. t., to palliate.

mihachi, n., a talker; a reviler; a threat
en er.

mihachi, n.. obloquy.

minka, binka (q. v. ), each; both; like;
of the same kind or species; ikitihaklo
mi^ka; they can not hear each other, itin-
kana

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

minka, v. n., to be like or of the same
kind.

Minkilish, Inkilish (q. v.), "•, English;
the English.

Minkilish, a., English.

Minkilish hatak, 11., an Englishman.

Minkilish imanumpa, n., the English
language.

mikma (this has a future and definite
meaning, and is formed from mih, k, and
m«), and; John mikma, mikmat, etc.,
are composed of these words, mill, verb
"to be the same;" k, the demonstrat
ive article, and ma, the common article,
which, with a verb, means when. See
mih, m((. This word is hard to render
into English — mikmano, and the— mik-
mqt, and, John 1:1; Matt. 5: 38 — mik-
mqfo, and the.

minko, v. a. i., to reign; Matt. 2: 22; Chihu
at mikoshke, 2 Kings 9: 13; to rule, Josh.
12: 2.

minko, n., a chief; a sachem; a sagamore,
among red men; a president; a gov
ernor; a prince; a duke; a monarch; a
king; an emperor; aczar; an autocrat; a
pasha, etc. among other nations; "his
excellency;" "his honor;" a colonel;
a commander; a captain-general; a
dominator; the executive; his majesty;
a potentate; power; a sovereign, etc.,
Matt. 2: 1, 9; 14: 1; 12: 24.

minko, pp., enthroned; crowned.

minko ahalaia, a., royal; regal; kingly.

minko aiokpachi, n., coronation.

minko apelechika afullota, n., the cir
cuit of a king's dominions; a kingdom;
a realm; an empire.

minko apelichi, minko apeliechi, n., a
realm; a kingdom; an empire, Luke
4: 5; the dominion of a king; the
king's dominions.

minko apeh'echika, n., a kingdom; the
place over which a king rules.

minko chohmi, a., kingly.

minko iakaiya, n., a major.

minko ikbi, v. t., to crown; to make a
king.

minko ikimiksho, a., kingless.

minko irnanumpeshi, n . , a consul ; an am
bassador; a king's chief secretary or aid.

minko imiaclmka, minko imialipa, n.,
a croNvn; a miter; a king's turban; a
diadem; a roval fillet or headdress.

minko imma, a., royal.

minko imohoyo, n., the king's wife; a

queen; an empress; a chief tainess.
minko inchuka, n., a palace; a royal

dwelling; a king's house, Matt. 11: 8.
minko intabi, n., a scepter; the king's

staff.

minko inpeni, n., a yacht; a royal yacht.
minko kobafa, n., a dethroned king;

dethroned.

minko kobaffi, v. t,, to dethrone a king.
rninko kobaffi, n., one who dethrones a

king.
minko tekchi, n., the king's wife; a

queen.
minko toba, v. a. i., to reign, Matt.

2: 22; to become a king.
minko toba, pp., crowned king; made

a king.

minkochi, v. t., to make a king; to en
throne.

minkochi, n., a coronation.
Miliki, n., America; the United States,

in the view of a Choctaw, and not all

North and South America.
Miliki, a., American.
Miliki hatak, n., an American; a Yankee.
Miliki okla, n., the Americans; Ameri
can people; the people of the United

States.
Miliki yakni, n., America; the United

States
millinta, v. a. i., to polish; to wear

bright.

millinta, pp., polished,
millinta, n., a polish,
millintachi, v. t., to polish,
millmtachi, n., a polisher.
milofa, pp., filed; rasped,
miloffi, sing., to file; to rasp,
miloffi, n., a filer.
miloha, v. t. pi., to file; to rasp,
milohachi, v. t, to file; pp., rasped,
milohachi, pp. pi., filed; rasped,
miloli, pp. pi., filed; rasped,
imlolichi, v. t. pi., to iile; to rasp them,
mintahpi, v. a. i., to begin to come.
rnintahpi, 11., that which or he who

came first,
minti, v. a. i., to come; to start; to start

this way; to approach; faminti, to come

to him; John 1: 29; qb<t minti, to come

from above; to descend, John ] : 32;

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CTTOCTAW T.ANTiTTAflE

261

Matt. 8: 9; 14: 29; 15: 1, andnti, to come
from, Josh. 2: 2, 4; 3: 9; minti, nasal
form; mihinti, freq., Matt. 12: 32; t<ikla
mihinti, to approach; be approaching,
Josh. 5: 7; mienti, aminti, to come from,
Matt. 8: 11; to originate at; to come
of, Matt 5: 37.

minti, n., a coming; a comer.

minti, from, Matt. 4: 25.

mintichi, v. t., to cause to come; to start
off; to make him come; mintinchi, nas.
form; mintihinchi, freq. form.

mintit ala; mintit imala, Matt. 8: 5, came
unto him.

minsa, pp., scarred.

minsa, n., a scar; a stripe; a cicatrix.

misisu.nkachi, pp. pi., scarred; striped;
spotted white.

misisunkachi, n.pl., scars; short stripes;
whitish spots.

mismiki, a., fine; beautiful; as aboha
mismiki, a fine house.

mismiki, v. n., to be fine.

mismikichi, v. t., to make fine.

misunfa, see masnnfa.

misha, adv., beyond; further; off, as
misha ia, go off; mishia cha, go off (and
do not come back); Chatan misha, be
yond Jordan, Matt. 4: 15, 25; mish, con
tracted; mishtannap, the other side,
Mark 5: 1; misha ohia, beyond go ye,
Matt. 7: 23.

misha, a., ulterior; utter.

misha, v. n., to be beyond; to be further.

misha, n., place or time beyond (a later
note says "misha, place; mishsha,
time"); misha pi la, Matt. 3:2; misha
intannap, Matt. 8: 28, the other side,
Matt. 16: 5; misha tat map, Matt. 14: 22.

misha, n., the place beyond; the one
beyond the other; mishsha, n., time
beyond. — J. C.

misha, mishsha, adv., day before yes
terday; day after to-morrow; inmisha,
adv., tertian; day after to-morrow.

mishahcm, pp., winnowed; mashlicJil,
v. t.

mishakash, the day before yesterday;
two days ago.

mishakashoa, on the day before yester
day.

mishapilla, adv., farther; further.

mishapilla, a., ultimate.

mishash, the day before yesterday.

mishema (from mix/ia and ii/iuia), adv.,
beyond; farther; further.

mishema, v. n., to be beyond; to be
farther off; cldnmishemashke, be it far
from thee, Matt. 16: 22.

mishema, pp., put beyond; delayed;
removed.

mishema fullota, adv., abroad, Luke;
2: 17.

mishemanchit apesa, v. t., to post
pone.

mishemachi, v. t., to put farther off;
to remove along; mishemanchi, nasal
form.

mishemat alhpisa, pp., postponed.

mishofa, sing., to rub off.

mishofa, pp., rubbed off.

mishoha, pp. pi., rubbed.

mishohachi, v. t., to rub.

mishokachi, v. a. i. pi., to rub off; it
rubs.

mishokachi, pp., rubbed; rubbed off.

mishokachi, n., a rubbing; the noise
made by filing a saw.

misholi, pp. pi., rubbed.

misholi, v. a. i., to rub.

misholichi, v. t. pi., to make them rub;
to rub; mishojfi, sing.

mishsha, see mi sit a.

mishshakma, adv., on the day after to
morrow; when it shall be day after to
morrow; inmishakma siabeka, after to
morrow.

mishtannap, n., the other side, Josh.
1: 2; over; beyond, Josh. 9: 10.

mishuk, n., a single noise made by fil
ing a saw.

mishukachi, v. a. i., to make the noise;
to ring, as a saw that is filed.

mitafa, v. a. i. sing., to burst open; to
gush ; to break open ; to rupture ; tanautpo
at initafa, hichi at mitafa.

mitafa, pp., burst open; ruptured;
opened.

mitafa, n., a break; a breach; a disrup
tion; an eruption; a ruption.

mitali, v. a. i. pi., to burst open; to
break open; to chap; to rupture; yak-
ni at mitaU; shukclta yat mitali, the
leathern bottles burst, Matt. 9: 17.

mitali, pp., burst open.

mitali, n., breaches; breaks.

262

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

mitalichi, v. t. pi., to break them open;

to cause them to burst; to chap; to

rupture,
mitam, v. t., to burst open; to break

open; to gush; to open; to rupture; to

wound, Mark 12: 4.
mitefa, v. a. i., to get loose; to unloose;

to untie.

mitefa, pp., untied; ripped,
mitefa, n.. a rip.

mitelichi, v. t., to strike with a switch,
mitelichi, n., a cut; a single stroke,
miteli, n., a rip.
miteli, v. a. i. pi., to get loose,
miteli, pp., untied; loose; ripped,
mitelichi, v. t., to unloose; to untie; to

rip; to unravel; to unseal.
mitibli, v. a. i., to swell, as corn or acorns

when moistened; tanchi at mitibli, nusi

at mitibli, alie at mitibli.
mitibli, pp., swelled,
mitiblichi, v. t., to cause to swell; to

swell,
mitim, sing., to unloose; to untie; to

ungird; to unseal; to unstring,
mitifmiya, see mitikminli.
miti^ha, v. t. pi., to whip with a switch;

to nog.
mitihachi, v. t., to strike with the

wings; to flutter, as a bird; aba hushi at

mitihachi.

mitihachi, n., a flutterer.
mitikli, v. a. i. sing., to beat; to throb;

to palpitate.

mitikli, n. sing., a beating; a throb
bing; a pulsation,
mitiklichi, v. t., to cause to throb; to

make it beat.
mitikminkli, v. a. i., to throb, as a

HO re.
mitikminli, mitikmiya, mitifmiya,

v. u. i. pi., to beat; to throb; to pulsate;

to palpitate,
mitikminli, n., a beating; a throbbing;

a palpitation; the pulse,
mitikminlichi, v. t., to make it throb,
mitilhmiya, n., the pulse; a slow pulsa
tion.

mitilhmiya, v. a. i., to pulsate slowly,
miya, miha, v. a. i., to be the same,

1 John, 2: 17; see mih.
moa, pp., skimmed,
moaha, a., thin, like soft mush.
moashki, a., mushy or mushlike.

mocholi, v. a. i., to close the eye; to
wink.

mocholi achafa, n., a wink.

mochukli, v. a. i. sing., to wink.

mochukli, n., a wink.

moeli, v. t. pi., to skim; pishukchi nia
modi; bila moeli. [As a plural verb of
action it means not only to skim, but
to row, to paddle, to scull; it is used to
denote the paddling of boats or canoes.
There is reason to believe that in this
word we have the tribal name, Maubila
or Mauilla. Mobile is called by the
modern Choctaw Moilla, a form resem
bling both moeliand Mauilla. — H.S. H.]

monfa, pp., rubbed off; paddled; peeled
off; skinned off; rowed; peni at monfa.

monfa, v. a. i., to peel off; to skin off;
to rub; to rub off hair; nipi at luacha
monfa, to shed hair.

monm, v. t., to rub off; to brush off; to
scrape off; to peel off; to oar; to row;
to paddle; to scull; to shoot and take
off the hair only.

monffi, n., a rower; a paddler.

monffit isht ia, v. t., to oar; to begin to
row; to take along by rowing.

mofi., v. t., to paddle; to row.

monfkachi, v. a. i., to rub against.

monfkachi, pp., rubbed; peeled off.

moha, pi., skimmed; peeled off.

mokafa, v. t., to strike and knock off
with the hand or paw; itamokafa, to
conflict; to strike against each other;
mali hat sionmokafa.

mokafa; itamokafahe, to rise up against
each other, Matt. 24: 7; to meet in
battle.

mokofa, v. a. i., to slip out; to come out,
Luke 4: 35; 13: 12; to withdraw, Luke.
5: 16; to be quit of, Josh. 2: 20; iwiba
hat mokofa, the horse is loose.

mokom, v. t., to slack or slip out the
hand, Josh. 10: 6.

mokofi, v. t. (cf. mokofa}, to rend from;
to rend away, 1 Kings 11: 11, 13.

mokoli, v. t. pi., Acts 12: 7.

moli, v. t., to skim; to peel off; to pad
dle; peni moli.

moma, a., all, Matt. 6: 32; whole, John
1: 3[?]; every, Matt. 15: 13; entire;
full; total; universal; atnotna, Matt. 11,
caption, 1st line; moma iklauo, a., least;

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

263

lowest; moma iklauo adv., least, Josh.
8:4; moyuma, every; anumpa moyuma
Teat, every word, Matt. 4: 4; emoyuma
kat, every one of us, Judg. 16: 5; hash
moma, Josh. 1: 2, 17.

moma, v. a. i., to all; emoma, we all;
momat, they all, Luke 23: 1; momat hus-
samaiala, come unto me ye all, Matt.
11: 28; momat shatummi, Matt. 13: 33;
momat aiimonatok, Matt. 14: 35; momat
okla impa, Matt. 15: 37.

moma, v. n., to be all; moyuma; ilappa
moyuma, Matt. 6: 33. In this instance
moyuma becomes an intensive plurality
and totality, every one, Josh. 1: 14.

moma, adv., more; throughout; so; yet;
Matt. 16: 9; still; entirely; abekamoma,
still sick.

moma, v. n., to be so yet; to continue,
Matt. 17: 5; Josh. 4: 18; samoma, I
am so.

moma, v. a. i., to be all, Matt. 6: 22.

moma, v. a. i., to do so yet; to continue;
as momali, I still do so.

moma, n., a continuation; a full; the
sum, 2 Sam. 24: 9; amount; total; total
ity; the whole.

moma chuhmi, a., general.

moma chuhmi, n., generality.

moma chuhmi, adv., generally; mainly.

moma iklauo, a., least, Matt. 11: 11.

moma inshali, a., over all; greater than
all; highest, Luke 6: 35; Matt. 18: 1;
greatest, Matt. 18: 4.

xnomaka ikpeso, a., untried.

momaka pisa, v. t., to try.

momaka pisa, n., a trial.

momaka pisa, n., a trier.

momat, mont (contracted), all (nom.
case) ; mont ia, all are going.

mominchi, v. t., to go to all or over all;
to affect all; to take all; mominchit anya,
Matt. 4: 23; mominchit lakofichi, to cure
all, Matt. 8: 16; 12: 15; mominchit anoli,
"told everything," Matt. 8: 33; to
sweep the whole, John 2: 15; Luke 6:
10; Matt. 13: 44, 46; 14: 35; mominchit
pisa, to see all; aiilamominchi, to take
the whole to himself, Matt. 16: 26;
ilemominchi, v. t., to engross.

mominchi, adv., wholly.

mominchi, a., unreserved.

mominchit, adv., throughout.

momint, contracted from moinmchi;

adv., uttermost; utterly; tunchiamomint

luffi, husk all the corn,
mont, see mornat.
moshli, see mushli.
mosholahe keyu, a., inexcusable,
mosholahe keyu, a., unquenchable; in
extinguishable.
mosholi, v. a. i., to go out, as fire; to

expire; to pass; to go out, as a lamp;

to vanish, 1 Sam. 3: 3.
mosholi, pp., extinguished; gone out;

quenched; stifled,
mosholi, a., extinct,
mosholi, n., extinction.
mosholicha hinla, a., quenchable; ex-

tinguishable.
mosholichi, v. t., to extinguish fire; to

quench, Matt. 12: 20; to stifle; to de
stroy, Josh. 7: 7; 10: 4.
motohki, a., without a tail, as a fowl;

or short, as a short coat.
mototunkli, v. a. i. pi., to throb.
mototunkli, 11., a throbbing.
motukli, sing., to throb, as a sore; to

pulsate; to beat, as the pulse.
moyayankachi, a. pi., of the consistence

of mush; or halushki, as said by a Xa-

tchitoches man, Aug. 29, 1854.
mufka, v. n., to be painful; to ache,

as the flesh after being burnt.
mufka, a., painful,
mufkachi, mafkachi, v. t., to put in

pain; to pain,
mushli, moshli, sing., muslimoli, pi.,

v. a. i., to wink; to wink hard and

long.

mushli, 11., a winker,
mushmushli, v. a. i., to wink.
muyaha, applied to some kinds of faces.

n, contracted from na, not, must not
and made the final letter of verbs when
it occurs, as apalin, apali na, I may not
eat; ishpan, ishpa na, thou must not
eat.

na, adv., not; must not; do not let (this
form is aspirated, nah being verbal);
ishpa na, isJda na; akpoki na, chik
aiyuki na, chinukshopa na, Luke 1: 30;
yoba na, do not possibly; lest possibly;
chifammi na, do not let him whip you.

na, may; can; ala yoba na, perhaps he
mav come.

264

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL.

na, a particle; classed with conjunctions
in its use in the second and third per
sons; in the first singular, objective
case, it is simply a nasal, thus pisaiin;
onalln, cf. 1 Kings 9: 3; atolqbbtt ishina
ikqno, Matt. 7, 5; 13: 22.

na, by means of; because; that; so that;
to the end that, 2 Sam. 24: 2; iskali
isht hqssquiqla napisalashke, Mark 12: 15;
here the object is expressed by
na, so that; sinti at kopoli na ille-
tok, because the serpents bit them
they died; ant qmanoli na akosti-
ninchiletnk, oka yan hqchinshileli nan
hashanyatok, Josh. 2: 10; here the re
sult in the mind of Rahab is expressed,
but in the mind of Moses the object
of God in drying up the waters would
be expressed by na; yoJuni na, when,
Matt. 3:16, see Matt. 4: 12, where na
and mat both are used.

na, till, Matt. 2: 15; long; chihaksi na,
1 Sam. 1: 14; na used before "time
how long," Acts 19: 8, 10, 22; time
future, anta na shohbi, to stay till
night; ihfashi na, Matt. 11: 12; anta na
bilia, to remain forever; anta na himaka,
to stay till this time; time past up to
the present, inhullo na bilia hatukosh,
1 Kings 10: 9.

na, nah, adv., and; and then; that, Matt.
2:8; ont kehopesa na, let us go and see it
and then, etc. (we shall know); ont
kehopesa na ia; hot akla na, let me look
for and come then. The verb next
after na has a different nom. from the
one before it. When both verbs have
the same nom. cha is used, as ant impa
cha, come and eat and (go to work — as
the case maybe); ant ism. cha, quit
and (do not trouble me again), etc.; ima
na, Matt. 15: 36; used in the oblique
case, Josh. 7: 21; ii/inkalalia onibinili
na tqbokolimqt illitok, 2 Kings 4: 20;
niaJti/aJt nah, scolding a dog a second
time; i. e., again, over again; keho-
tixheli nah, let us now disperse, hav
ing been together a while.

na, n., a thing; an actor; an agent; an
article, John 4: 38[?]; contracted from
nana; before b, ut, and p, usually writ
ten nam; before the vowels and ch, /,
and t written nan, for euphony's sake;
it is prefixed to verbs to form a noun;

name of an agent or thing; nar/okpqni,
a criminal; nan okpulo, a vile thing.

na, lest; maiyah na, go off lest (I wThip
you).

na balama, n., incense; a fragrant
thing; an odor; a perfume; a scent;
spices; spicery, 1 Kings 10: 2, 15.

na balama ahushmi, n., an altar of
incense, Lake 1: 11.

na balama alua, n., an altar of incense.

na banna, n., appetite; desire.

na banna, a., needy.

na bashli, n., a reaper, Matt. 13: 30, 39.

na bila, n., oil, Luke 16: 6; fat; grease;
gravy; a greasy thing in a melted state;
melted fat.

na bill, n., a pointer.

na boli, n., a striker.

na bolukta, n., an orb.

na buna, n., a bundle; a roll; a parcel.

na fammi, n., a whipper; a chastiser; a
castigator.

na fehna, v. a. i., to matter, Mark
12: 10, 11; to be possible, Matt. 17: 20.

na fehna, n., something; a real thing; a
reality; a feat; a wonderful work, Matt.
7: 22; wonders, Josh. 3, 5; mighty
work, Matt. 11: 20, 21; 13: 54.

na fehna, a., material; notable; remark
able; stupendous; superb; wonderful;
wondrous.

na fehna keyu, a., unimportant.

na fehna keyu, 11., nothing; a nihility.

na fehna keyu, a., ordinary; immaterial.

na fehnachi, v. t., to make something of
it, Luke 5: 26[?]; naficnqchi.

na fehnachi, 11., the one who makes
something of it.

na fohka, na foka, n., a garment of any
kind; a shirt; a coat; apparel; clothes,
Josh. 7: 6; attire; clothing, Matt. 7: 15;
habiliment; a habit; raiment; a vest
ment; a vesture; a wardrobe, Matt. 11:8;
Josh. 7: 21, 24; 9: 5, 13.

na foka abohushi, n., a press; a clothes
press.

na foka afohoma, 11., ahem.

na foka afohomi, v. t., to hem a gar
ment; to hem in.

na foka afoli, v. t., to swaddle.

na foka aiasha, n., a wardrobe.

na foka aiitatoba, n., a slop-shop; a
shop where ready-made clothes are
sold.

BYTNOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

265

na foka alhfoa, pp., swaddled.

na foka ch.ash.ana, n., a long coat; a
straight-bodied coat.

na foka chashana falaia, n., a surtout.

na foka chito, n., a great coat; a large
garment; a cloak.

na foka chito fohka, v. t., to cloak.

na foka foka, v. t., to dress one's person;
to attire; to dress up; to put on a gar
ment; to clothe; to habit.

na foka foka, pp., dressed; clothed; ap
pareled; habited.

na foka fokachechi, na foka fokachi,
v. t. , to dress another person; to clothe;
to apparel; to furnish another person
with clothes.

na foka ikbi, n., a tailor.

na foka ikbi, v. t, to tailor.

na foka iksho, a., naked; without
clothes.

na foka iksho, v. n., to be naked; to be
destitute of clothes.

na foka ilumpatali, n., a cape; a van-
dyke.

na foka intikba takali, n., an apron.

na foka isht kasholichi, 11., a clothes-
brush.

na foka kolukshi, n., a vest; a waistcoat:
a jacket; a jerkin; a roundabout.

na foka kolukshi shakba ansha, n., a
spencer.

na foka luinbo, n., a shirt; linen; an
undergarment.

na foka lumbo falaia, n., a frock.

na foka lumbo foka, v. t., to shirt; to
put on a shirt.

na foka lumbo foka, pp. , shirted ; clothed
wTith a shirt.

na foka lumbo fokachi, v. t., to shirt
another (as a child).

na foka patafa, n., a hunting-shirt;
lit. , a split garment.

na foka umpatta, n., a Vandyke.

na foni, n., bones; a skeleton.

na fotoli, n., a grinder; a borer; a miller.

na fuli halali, n., a lot; lots, Luke 23: 34.

na habena, n., one who receives apresent
or favor; a beneficiary.

na habenachi, 11., a benefactor.

na haklo, 11., a hearer; an auditor; a lis
tener.

na haksi, n., a criminal; a rogue; a villain;
a cheat.

na haksichi, n., a rogue.

na hakshup, n., leather; peltry.

na hakshup kanchi, n., a skinner; one
that deals in skins.

na halupa, n., a weapon made of iron or
steel; arms; a lance; a pike; a pin: a
spear, Josh. 1: 14; Tmk in rttiJitilu/nt;
Task inna halupa, a scirniter.

na halupa aiasha, na halupa aiitola,
an armory; a deposit for arms; a maga
zine.

na halupa bon, v. t., to surrender; to lay
down arms.

na halupa ilatali, v. a. L, to arm; to arm
himself; to equip himself.

na halupa imatan, v. t., to arm; to fur
nish with arms; to equip.

na halupa imalhtaha, pp., armed; fur
nished with arms; equipped; prepared
for war, Josh. 1: 14; 4: 12, 13.

na halupa isht bali, v. t. , to spear.

na hashofichi, see na kashofirhi.

na halbina, n., a present; a benefit; a
benefaction; a donation; a gift.

na hata, n., a white cloth; a banner; a
flag of truce; an ensign; a flag; a pend
ant; a pennant; a sail; a veil.

na hata alhtipo, n., a tent; a cloth tent;
a pavilion.

na hata ikbi, n. , a sailmaker.

na hata nlafa, n., a white rag.

na hika, n., a flier; one that flies.

na hila, n., a dancer; a top; a toy for
children.

nahimmonna, n., a novelty; a new thing.

na hobuna, n., a bundle.

na hochifo, n., a namer.

na hokchi, n., a planter; a sower, John
4: 36; Matt, 13: 3.

na hokchi, v. t., to sow; na Jiokdiit ia tok,
Matt. 13: 3.

na hokli, n., a catcher; a seizer.

na holba, n., a picture; a resemblance;
an imitation; a statue.

na homponi, n., food; victuals prepared
for the table.

na holhtina, n., arithmetic; a calcula
tion; mathematics.

na holhtina holisso, n., arithmetic;
a book upon mathematics.

na holipafL, n., a mastiff; an English dog.

na holissochi, n., a writer; a scribe; a
clerk, Luke 5: 21; Matt. 5: 20; 8: 19;
9: 3; 12: 38; 15: 1; 16: 21.

266

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

na holitompa, n., treasure, Matt. 13: 44.

na holitompa isht ansha, n. pi., priests,
Matt. 12:4; 16: 21; Josh. 3:3, 6; 6:4,6,8.

na holitompa isht atta, n. , sing. , a priest,
Matt. 2: 4; 1 Sam. 2: 11, 13.

na holitopa, n. , a sacred thing; a treasure.

na holitopa aialhto, n., a shrine.

na hollo, n., a supernatural being; one
that creates fear and reverence; an in
habitant of the invisible world. This
name was thus anciently used, but
when the whites first visited the Indians
this name was given to them.

na hollo, n., a white man; wrhite men of
all nations. The name of man when ap
plied to white people, as hatuk means
man when red people are spoken of; a
master, as the master of slaves.

na hollo, a., pertaining to a white man.

na hollo hochitoka, n., the great wrhite
men; Congress; commissioners of the
Government.

na hollo holitopa, n., a beloved or
sacred white man; an agent of the
United States Government; the Indian
agent is often thus called.

na hollo inbissa, 11., a raspberry,

na hollo inkowi, n., an English mile.

na hollo imahe, n., an Irish potato;
Irish potatoes; English potatoes.

na hollo imanumpa, n., the word of a
white man; the language of white
men; the English language, as English
are most known to the Choctaw
among white people.

na hollo imalla, n., a white man's child.

na hollo imohoyo, n., a white man's
wife.

na hollo imokchank, n. , a cucumber.

na hollo intakkon, n., an apple.

na hollo itanowa, n., a traveler.

na hollo minko, n., a royal white man;
lit., a white man king, applied to the
United States agent.

na hollo ohoyo, 11., a white woman.

na hollo takchi, n., a sheriff; a con
stable.

na hollo tekchi, n., a white man's wife;
the word tekchi after the pos. case has
no pro. before it, of the third person.

na hollo tonksali3 n., a laborer; a labor
ing white man.

na hollo yakni, n., the land or country
of the white men, applied to the

United States in distinction from the
land of the Indians.

na hollochi, na hullochi, v. a. i., to ab
stain from certain food and drink; to
fast, Luke 2: 37; Matt. 6: 18; to keep
sacred; nahullochitantalin, Acts 10: 30.

na hollochi, n., one who fasts, abstains,
etc. ; a priest.

na hollochi iksa, n., a priest; the order
of priests.

na hollochi iksa pelichi, n. , a high priest.

na hollon, n., an English dog; a bulldog.

na holloka, n., a sacred thing; a conse
crated object.

na hollushi, n., a quadroon; the child
or descendant of a white man by a red
woman.

na holokchi, n., a plant; a vegetable
that is cultivated, Matt. 15: 13.

na homi, n., alcohol; ardent spirits;
whisky; liquor; any bitter thing.

na honni okchi, n., a decoction.

na hopoa, n., a beast; na hopoa puta,
every beast, Gen. 1 : 30.

na hoponi, n., a cook.

na hopunkoyo, n., a spy.

na hotina, n. , a counter.

na hotupa, n., a pain; na hotupa hosh an-
laua.

na hoyo, n., a seeker; a hunter; a sum-
moner.

na hoyo, n., harvest, John 4: 35; Matt.
9: 37; nan ahoyo, n., the harvest place.

na hunkupa, na hulhkupa, n., a thief.

na hullochi, v. a. i., to fast, Matt. 6: 16;
17: 21; see na hollochi, and nanhullochi.

na humma, n., the red warriors; the
name of certain warriors, implying
bravery, honor, etc., as na humma ali-
ha ona.

na humma, n., red strand; red blanket
ing.

na humma, n., rouge; vermilion; red
paint.

na humma chulata, n., a strip of red
stroud.

na hummachi, n., a tanner; one that
dyes red; one that colors red.

na hunssa, n., a gunner; a sportsman.

na imahaksi, n., a pardoner; a forgetter;
one who forgets.

na kanchi, n., a seller; a trader; a mer
chant; a dealer; a negotiator; a shop
keeper.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

267

na kanimi, n., the object.

na kanimi keyu, a., sound; not having
anything out of order.

na kanimi keyu, v. n., to be sound and
in order.

na kaniohmi keyu, a., safe; being with
out any disturbance; safely.

na kashofichi, na hash.ofi.chi, n. , a par
doner.

na katimi, pro., why; wherefore; for
what; what for.

na katimiho, pro., what is the matter;
what is the reason; wherefore; why; na
katimiho hachinukshopa clio, why are ye
fearful? Matt. 8: 26; why, Matt. 10: 8;
na katima heto, it will come to nothing;
na katimi kakon,

na katiohmi, adv., why; wherefore.

na kallo, n., power; strength, Luke 5: 7.

na kallo, n., linen cloth; hemp cloth.

na kostini, n., the wise, Matt. 11: 25.

na kulli, n., a digger.

na lakna, n., rust, Matt. 6: 19, 20.

na luma, n., secrets, Matt. 13: 35.

na lumbo, see nan liunbo.

na lafa, n., something that is marked; a
mark.

na lanfi, n. , a marker.

na lakofi, 11., a person that is cured,
John 5: 10; an escape; one that escapes.

na lakofichi, v. t., to cure, Luke 6: 7;
Matt. 12: 10.

na lakonchi, n., a healer; a curer; a re
storer; a savior.

na lilafa, n., a rag; a clout.

na lilali, n., rags.

na litilli, n. , a gum; a resinous substance.

na maleli, n., a runner.

na miha, n., a saying; a maxim; an
adage.

na miha iksho, nan ikmiho, n., a silent
person; a reserved person.

na miha shali, a., querulous; complain
ing.

na miha shali, v. n., to be querulous;
v. t. , to find fault.

na miha shali, n., a complainer.

na mihachi, v. t., to slander; to back
bite; na mihachit anumpuli, to speak
against, Matt. 12: 32; to curse, Matt.
15: 4.

na mihachi, n., a slanderer; a backbiter.

na mihachi shali, n., a noted slanderer;
a whisperer.

na mihiksho, n., patience; silence.

na mhi, n., seeds, Matt. 13:4, 19, 20, 22,

23.
na nukhanklo, v. a. L, to mourn, Matt.

5:4.

na nukhamachi, n., pain.
na nuktalali, n., a comforter, John 14:

16.

na pakanli, see nam pakanli.
na palammi, n., a curse; a woe, 1 Sam.

14: 24, 28; see nam palammi.
na pelichi, n., a guide, Matt. 23: 24; a

ruler, Matt. 9: 18; a governor, Matt.

10: 18.

na pisa, see nam pisa.
na pinsa, n., an eyewitness; a beholder;

a seer, 2 Sam. 24: 11.
na pisat anya, v. t., to spy, Josh. 2: 1.
na shali, n., a bearer; a carrier; alhpoyak

shali, a peddler.
na shanaiya, a., perverse,
na shanni, n. , a spinner.
na shilombish, 11., a spirit; nashilombish

okpulo, an unclean spirit, Luke 6: 18.
na shimmi, n., a river; a board-maker.
na shoeli, v. t., to draw lots, Josh. 15: 1;

Matt. 27: 35.
na shoeli, n., a drawing lots; a lot, Josh.

13: 6; 14: 2.
nashoelichi, v. t. caus., to cast lots, Josh.

18: 6, 8, 10.
na shoelit ishi, n., a lot, Josh 17: 14; 19:

1, 10, 17, 24, 32, 40.
na sholi, n., a bearer; a carrier.
na shua, n., filth; stench; offal; scent.
na tikbanli anoli, v. t., to prophesy; to

foretell, Matt. 11: 13.
na waya, n., fruit, John 4: 36; a crop;

mast.

na waya hoyo, v. t., to harvest.
na waya hoyo, na waya ishi, n., a har
vester; a harvestman.
na waya ishi, v. t., to reap.
na waya kanchakfoki, v. t., to harvest;

to put the fruits of the earth in a gran
ary,
nawehpoa, n., pillage; plunder; prey;

booty; a trophy, 1 Sam. 14: 30.
na wehpuli, n., a robber; a plunderer,
na weki, n., a burden; a weight; a heavy

thing.
na yakohmi, n., this thing, Luke 2: 19;

Matt. 16: 22.
na yimmi, n., a believer.

268

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL,. 46

na yimmi, n., faith; na yimmi chinto, great

faith, Matt. 8: 10; na yimmi fehna Tceyu

hachtama, O, ye of little faith, Matt. 8:

26; 14:31; 16:8; 17:20; oklanayimmi-

ka, their faith, Matt. 9: 2; na yimmi

iksho, faithless; Matt. 17: I7,nanikyim-

mo, unbelief, Matt. 17: 20.
na yopisa, 11., a spectator,
na yoshoba, n., sin, 1 John 2: 12.
na yuka, n., a captive; spoil,
na yukachi, n., a captor,
na yukpa, n., joy; a joyful man; pleas
ure; rejoicing; peace, Matt. 10: 13;

13: 44.
nayukpa, v. a. i., to rejoice, Matt. 2: 10;

to he 1)1 eased, Matt. 5: 3-10.
na yukpali, n., joy, Luke 2: 10.
nachofa, pp. sing., cut off; lopped; see

nachuffi.

nachofa, n., that which is cut off.
nachoha, pp. pi., lopped.
nacholi, v. t, pi., to strip off leaves or

cut off limbs; to lop.
nacholichi, v. t. pi., to strip off leaves

or limbs; iti naksisha. na clioliclii.
nacholichi, n., one who strips or cuts

off leaves or limbs; a lopper.
nachuffi, v. t. sing., to lop off; itlnak-

sish Hop pa nachuffi,, cut off this limb,
nachuffi, 11., a lopper.
naffi, v. t. sing., to pluck an ear of corn;

pass., nafa; nalichi, v. t. pi., to pluck

ears of corn; pass., nahhachi.
nanmrni, n., a sower; a scatterer, Matt.

13: 3.

nah, see na.
naha? v. a. i.; ish naJia.
naha, adv., well nigh; for a time; almost;

nearly; hardly; nigh; scarcely; illinaha;

Jiikikia nali a.
naha, pp., trimmed; picked off; cutoff;

nalichi v. t.

nahchaba, n., the backbone.
Nahchi, n., Natche/.
nahishi (Sixtowns word), n., rheumatic

pains, also shumantabi.
nanka, a., having no worth; worthless,

John 6: 27.
nanka, v. n., to be worthless; yaknl yam-

iiink ixtnkd, that land is of no value; see

•Mt aft a tok ak naflht, John 9: 34.
nakabila, n., a ladle used in melting

loud; any place where lead is melted;

a ladle.

nakachosha, n., a pile; the head of an
arrow.

nakahakmo, nakaiakmo, n., a bullet-
mold.

nakampo, n., a pewter basin.

nakfi, n. , the brother of a woman; an ap
pellation proper only for a sister to use;
annakfi, my brother.

nakfish, n., a junior; a junior brother,
Matt. 4: 21 ; my brother, who is younger
than the one speaking or the one
spoken of; a younger brother, used to
show this relation between two broth
ers or two cousins; a younger sister,
used to show this relation between two
sisters; a brother may not call his sister
sanakfish, nor a sister call her brother
sanakfish, my brother.

naki, n., lead; a dart; innaki, his sting.

naki fabassa, n., a pig of lead.

naki humma, n., red lead.

naki impatalhpo, n., wadding; some
say ixht al h pitta.

naki kallo, n., pewter.

naki kallo aiimpa, n., a pewter plate.

nakilumbo, n., a bullet; round lead.

naki lusa, n., black lead.

naki palalka, n., a pig of lead.

naki pila, v. t., to dart; to throw an ar
row or dart.

naki tapuski, n., sheet lead.

naki yalhki, n., the dross of lead.

nakishtalali, n., a catfish; a bullhead.

nakishwana, n., a catfish; a bullhead.

nakni, n., the male sex of all creatures,
where the distinction of sex is known;
a man; a brave; a blade, used to denote
a man of pith and spirit; manliness; a
warrior.

nakni, a., brave; courageous; manful;
manly; manlike; male; martial; mas
culine; valiant; ikiiaki/o, a hypochon
driac; nahankin.

nakni, v. n., to be brave, courageous,
manful, or resolute; s<nitikni, chi nakni;
nanhank)tL

nakni hila, n., the name of a dance, at
which none but men dance.

nakni tashka, n., a warrior; a subject;
a male inhabitant.

naknichi, v. t., to render brave, bold,
stout, manlike; ilenakniclii, to make a
man of himself or to make himself bold;
to rouse up one's courage or resolution
when in trouble, distress, or danger.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXCJUAUE

269

naksakawa, n., corn bread made of

green corn boiled, and wrapped in corn

leaves; same as tanch Jiiloha palaska and

lanch hotokbi palaska.
naksi, n., the side; the rib; aboha naksi,

the side or the ribs of a house.
naksi, v. a. i., to turn on the side; to

lean sideways, as a post; naksit ansha,

to turn and sit or to sit sideways;

naksit itola, to lie on the side or to turn

and lie.

naksi foni, n., a rib bone; a spare rib.
naksika, a., solitary,
naksika, n., a side; a corner; a by-place.
naksinka, n., a corner, Luke 18: 13 [?].
naksika binili, pp., insulated,
naksika binili, v. a. i., to sit in a solitary

place, as a corner; to retire.
naksika binilichi, v. t., to insulate,
naksika boli, v. t., to obviate; to lay one

side.

naksika hilechi, v. t., to isolate,
naksikachi, v. t., to put in a corner or

by-place; to put out of the way; to iso
late; to slant.

naksikaia, v. a. i., to wander,
naksish, n., a limb; a knot; a joint, as in

cane, reed, etc. ; a branch, Matt. 13: 32.

a bush; id naksidi, nski naksish, kunshak

naksish, tanchapi naksish.
naksish. nlamoli, n. pi., branches; limbs.
naksish iUamminchi, n., a branch; a

limb.
naksish innlammi, n., the branch of a

limb.
naksish laua, a., knotty; full of limbs or

joints; knurled.
naksish naha, pp., trimmed; having the

limbs cut off.

naksish naha, n., a pollard; a tree lop
ped.

naksish nahachit taha, pp., pruned,
naksish nalichi, v. t., to poll; to cut off

the limbs; to prune,
naksish nalichi, n., a pruner.
naksish taptuli, v. t., to poll,
nakshilup, n., tall wild grass, with a

tassel.
nakshobi, naksobi, a., having the smell

offish when first taken from the water.
nakshobi, n. , the smell of fish just caught,
nakshobi, v. n., to smell as newly caught

fish; to stink, as fish.

nakshobichi, naksobichi, v. t., to cause
to smell, as fish newly caught.

nakunshi, n., shot; jxirJil. nakunshl, pi
geon shot; fani n<iknnsh.l, squirrel shot;

m nakunxhit buckshot.
nalapi, n., the gorge; the throat; see in-

nalqpi.

nalichi, v. t., to pluck off ears of corn.
nalichi, v. t., pi. to trim off; to pick;

to cut off; to lop; tancfiampi un nalichi;

i/i naL'xi*h: <(n nalichi; pass., nahhachi,

tanclii laua Jiosh nahhacJii.
nalichi, n., a lopper.
nalit illi apat nusi, n., opium,
nam, n., a thing, contracted from nana,

and written nam before p for euphony's

sake.
nam pakanli, na pakanli (Matt. 6: 28)

n., a flower; a blossom; a bloom; a

blow,
nam palammi, na palammi, n., a curse,

1 Sam. 14: 24, 28.
nam panshi tanna, n., sackcloth; cloth

made of hair,
nam pelichi, n., a ruler; a governor,

Matt. 10: 18.
nam piheta, n., a lady's gown or frock;

the old name is alhkonapihita (cf. al-

conand).
nam pilesa, n., a laborer; a workman; a

hireling.
nam pisa, na pisa, n., a spectator; a

looker; a looker on; a speculator; a

spectacle.

nam poa, n., game; wild beasts
nam poa anusi, n., a lair.
nam poa hakshup, n., peltry,
nam poa inchuka, n., a kennel; a den.
nam poheta, n., a gown (not common);

see pohota.

nam ponaklo, n., an inquirer,
nam pota, n., a borrower; a hirer,
nam potoni, n., a guard; a watch,
nan, n., a thing; contracted from nana;

see na and nam.
nan abeka, n., sickness; a fever, Luke

4: 39.

nan achafa, n., an individual; one thing,
nan achefa, n., a washwoman; a laun
dress; a launderer; one who washes,
nan achefa ohoyo, n., a woman who

washes; a laundress.
nan achunli, n., a tailor; a seamster; a

tailoress; a seamstress; when a woman

is intended, ohoyo, may be added as
above.

270

BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

nan aheka, n., a debtor; one who owes
another money, goods, or services.

nan ahekachi, n., a creditor; a truster.

nan ahoyo, n., the harvest; the harvest
place; nan imtihoyo, his harvest, Matt.
9: 38.

nan aiachefa, n., a washtub.

nan aiahni, n., the will, Matt. 12: 50.

nan aiapistikeli, n., a guard; prison,
Gen. 40: 4.

nan aiashacheka, n., sin; na chimai-
ashaclieka, thy sins, Matt. 9: 2, 6.

nan aiisht imaleka, n., peril.

nan aiithana, n., a disciple; a learner;
nan imaiithana, his disciple, Matt. 8:
21, 23; na chimaiithana, thy disciples,
Matt. 9: 14.

nan aiokchaya, n., salvation, Luke 2: 30.

nan aiya, v. a. i., to act for peace, 1
Kings 2: 13.

nan aiya, n., peace; itinnanaiya, a peace
between them, Josh. 9: 15; nanaiya
yon, peace, Matt. 10: 34.

nan aiya, a., peaceful; living at peace;
itinnanaiya, pp., conciliated; mutually
reconciled, Matt. 5: 24; to make peace
with, Josh. 10: 1, 4; itin nanaiyahe keyu,
a., irreconcilable.

nan aiyachi, v. t., to make peace; to
cause peace; to mediate; itinnan aiyachi,
to cause them to be at peace; to medi
ate between them; to conciliate; isht
itinnan aiyachi, Josh. 8:31.

nan aiyachi, n., a peacemaker; a medi
ator; itinnan ait/achi, a peacemaker; one
who causes people to be at peace, Matt.
5:9; p itinnan aiyachi, our mediator; itin
nan aiyachechi, v. t., to make peace be
tween them; itinnan aiyachechi, n., a
peacemaker.

nan aiyukhana, n., a cross, Luke 9: 23.

nan anoli, n., a newsman; a newsmon
ger; one who makes known the mind
or counsel of a head man; a notifier; an
informer; a crier; a herald; a publisher;
a reporter; a talebearer; a tattler; a tell
tale; a witness, Matt. 18: 16; na c/tim-
anoli, your informant.

nan anoli shah, n., a telltale; an offi
cious informer; a blabber.

nan anusi, nan nusi, yanusi (from yaiya
and JM/.S/), n., a cry for the dead; a
mourning for the dead; the place where
the friends of the dead assemble at the

end of the days of mourning to cry and
bewail; and it is so called because they
assemble about sundown and remain
over night.

nan apela, n., a helper; an aid; an ally;
an auxiliary; an assistant; a help.

nan apelachi, n., a help; an aid, etc.

nan apesa, n., a judge; an arbiter; a
ruler; a decider; a herald; an insti-
tutor; a magistrate, Matt. 5: 25; Josh.
8: 33; a manager; a marshal; a pretor;
a schemer; nam pimapesa banna hotu-
ma, it appears that he would be a judge
over us; na Jiachimapesa, your judges,
Matt. 12: 27.

nan apesa abinili, n., a tribunal.

nan apesa aleha, n., councils, Matt.
10: 17.

nan apesachi, n., an overseer; a super
intendent.

nan apistikeli, n., a guard, Gen. 40: 3.

nan apitta, 11., a loader; one who puts
on a load; one who charges a gun.

nan apoba, nanapoa, n., domestic
animals, vegetables, trees, or fruits.

nan apoluma, n., a witch.

nan apuskiachi, n., a priest; a heathen
priest, Gen. 41: 45.

nan ashacheka, n., a mistake; applied
also to our sins, in which sense it is
much used by those who have come to
know the nature of sin; a sin.

nan ashachi, n., sin, 2 Sam. 24: 10; see
ashachi.

nan ashachi, n., a sinner, Matt. 11: 19;
hatak nana ashachi siahoke, I am a man
who is a sinner, Luke 5: 8.

nan atokowa anoli, n., a witness.

nan abanablit ont ia, n., Passover; a
thing that passes over.

nan abi, n., a killer; a slayer; a butcher;
a murderer.

nan alhpisa, n., a custom, Luke 2: 27; a
commandment, Matt. 5: 19; Josh. 1: 7,
8, 18; a law, Matt. 5: 17; 7: 12; nan
alhpisa pokoli, the Ten Commandments;
judgment, Matt. 5: 21.

nan alhpisa chinto, n., judgment, Matt.
11: 22.

nan alhpisa holisso, n., a book of the
law; a law book, Josh. 8: 34.

nan alhpisa nitak, n., the day of judg
ment, Matt. 12: 36.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

271

nan alhpisa onuchi, v. t., to accuse,

Matt. 12: 10.
nan alhpoa, nan alhpoba, n., domestic

animals; trees; fruits; plants; stock;

anything raised by cultivation and

care; see nan apoba.
nan alhpoba imatati, v. t., to stock.
nan alhpoyak, n., goods, wares, and

merchandise,
nan alhtaha, n., things prepared; things

in readiness.
nanalhtoba, n., wages, Luke 3: 14; Matt.

10: 42.
nan alhtoka, n., one who is appointed

or* elected; an official; an elect; a min
ister, Luke 4: 20; a servant, John 2:5;

an officer, Matt. 5: 25.
nan alhtokowa, n., testimony; things

testified of, John 4: 39.
nan amo, n., a reaper; a picker, John

4: 36.
nan ani, n., fruit, such as grows on trees;

berries, etc.
nan apa, n., food; aliment; nutriment;

an eatable; something to eat; meat,
nan apa okchaki, n., a salad,
nan apawaya, n., grain.
nan apawaya ahoyo, n., harvest,

John 4: 35.
nan chanaha, n., an orb; a sphere; a

round thing.

nan chokushpa, n., trumpery,
nan chokushpa hunkupa, v. t., to pilfer.
nan chokushpa hunkupa, n. , a pilferer,
nan chokushpa itatoba, n., a huckster.
nan chufichi, n., a sender; a driver; one

who sends or drives another,
nan chumpa, n., a buyer; a trader; a

merchant, Matt. 13: 45; a purchaser; a

contractor; a storekeeper; a dealer; a

negotiator,
nan chumpa kobafa, n., a bankrupt; a

broken merchant.
nan hullochi, na hullochi, v. a i., to

fast, Matt. 9: 14; 6: 16.
nan ihma heto, a., impossible,
nan ihmahe keyu, a., fruitless.
nan ihmi, nanahmi (from nana and

mih), a., effectual; availing,
nan ihmi, n., cause; occasion; reason;

nan Hani felina keyu.
nan ihmi, v. n., to be effectual; to avail;

nan ihmahe keyu, it will avail nothing.
nan ihmi keyu, v. n., to avail nothing;

to be ineffectual.

nan ihmichi, v. t., to cause to avail; to
render effectual.

nan inhoa, n., a crier; a caller.

nan inholissochi, n., a scribe, Matt. 2: 4.

nan inholitopa, a., close; tight; ungen
erous; avaricious; stingy.

nan inholitopa, v. n., to be close, tight,
or stingy.

nan inholitopa, n., a thing loved by
him; the object that is dear to him.

naninhollo, a., close; tight; stingy.

nan inhollo, v. n., to be close.

nan inhollo, n., the thing or object of
love.

nan inhoyat anya, v. t., to wait.

nan inhullochi, n., the accursed thing,
Josh. 7: 1, 11, 12.

nan ikahno, n., sangfroid.

nan ikahobo, n., nothing; a thing of no
value.

nan ikaialhpeso, n., evil, Matt, 7:11.

nan inkanimi, a., having some diffi
culty; disease.

nan inkanimi, v. n., to have some diffi
culty, or something is the matter with
him.

nan inkanimi, n., an ailment; a trouble;
a difficulty. .

nan ikalhpeso, n., iniquity, Matt. 7: 23.

nan ikbi, n., a mechanic; a manufac
turer; a maker.

nrn ikhana, nan ithana, n., a man of
information or knowledge; a philoso
pher; a prophet; a seer; nan ikithano,
an ignorant person; an ignoramus.

nan ikhana, pp., instructed; educated.

nan ikhana, a., erudite.

p.an ikhana ilahobbi, n., a quack; a
pedant.

nan ikhananchi, v. t., to educate.

nan ikhananchi, n., a teacher; an in
structor; a preceptor; a tutor.

nan ikhana, n., a learner; a pupil; a
scholar; a disciple.

nan ikhana, n., education.

nan ikhanahe keyu, a. , indocile.

nanikimahobo, a., unconcern.

nan ikithano, n., an ignoramus.

nan ikithano, a., ignorant; unlearned.

nan ikmiho, a., uncomplaining; see na
miJta ikxho.

nan ilachifa, n., purification of one's
self.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

nan ilahanchi, n., lucre.

nan ilahobbi, n., a hypocrite, Matt. 6:2;
15: 7; 16: 3; a pretender, Luke 6: 42;
hypocrisy, Mark 12: 15.

nan ilayak, n., treasure, Matt. 6: 19, 20.

nan ilhpak, n., food; victuals; meat,
John 4: 32.

nan ilhpita, n., a benefaction; a present;
the annuity received from the United
States.

nan ilimpa, n. , food ; victuals ; sustenance ;
aliment.

nan illasha, n., lamentation, Matt. 2: 18.

nan illi, n., a corpse; a dead body; a
carcass; any dead creature; carrion;
the relics; the remains of one dead;
death, Rom. 6: 23.

nan imabachi, n., a teacher; an instruc
tor.

nan imahombiksho, adv., easily.

nan imaianh", a., true to him; righteous
before him, Luke 1: 6.

naninmiha, v. t., to caution; to advise.

nan inmiha, n., an adviser; a cautioner.

nan inmihachi, v. t., to backbite him.

nan inmihachi, n., a backbiter.

naninmiya,n., a councilor, Ezra 7: 14, 28.

nan imokpulo , 11., adversity; harm.

nan imokpulot ilbasha, n., a calamity.

nan impa, n., food; an eater.

nan impota, n., a lender.

nan inla, 11., a mystery; a vision; a
strange thing.

nan inlaua, a., rich; affluent; wealthy;
forehanded; opulent; strong.

nan inlaua, v. t., to have an abundance.

nan inlaua, n., affluence; the rich; the
affluent; a fortune; a fullness; opulence;
riches, Matt. 13: 22; wealth.

nan inlauachi, v. t., to enrich; to in
crease his substance.

nan innukhanklo, n., mercy, Matt. 9:
]3; 12: 7.

nan ipetachi, n., a feast, Luke 2: 41.

nan isso, n., a striker; a smiter.

nanishko, n., drink.

nan ishko, n., a drinker.

nan isht ahalaia, n., object of care, in
terest, concern.

nan isht aholitopa, n. , glory, Matt. 6 : 29.

nan isht ahollo, nan isht ahullo, n., a
witch; a spirit; an invisible being; a
a supernatural being; a mammoth.

nan isht ahollo okpulo, nan isht ahullo
okpulo, n., Satan; thedevil; the prince

of darkness; the old serpent; Abaddon;
Apollyon; Luke 4: 41; Matt. 4: 24; 7:
22; 8: 16; 11: 18; 12: 24; 17: 18.

nan isht aianli, n., power, Matt. 6: 13;
9: 8.

nan isht aialhpesa, n., authority, Mark
11: 28, 29, 33.

nan isht aiibitabli, n., offences, Matt.
18: 7.

nan isht aiithananchi, n., doctrine,
Matt. 16: 12.

nan isht aiokpachi, n., a present; a gift,
Matt. 5: 23; a token of respect; a means
of showing respect.

nan isht aiyukpa, n., a blessing, Josh.
8: 34.

nan isht aiyukpahe keyu, n., variety.

nan isht amiha, n., an apology; an ex
cuse; a cavil; a pretext.

nan isht amiha inlaua, a., captious.

nan isht amiha inlaua, v. n., to be cap
tious; to have excuses.

nan isht amihahe iksho, a., inexcusa
ble.

nan isht ant a, n., business; employ
ment; occupation.

nan isht anukhanklo, n., grief; cause of
sorrow.

nan isht apesa, n., a measure; a rule; a
yard; that with which anything is meas
ured.

nan isht apesa imponna, n., an arti
ficer; an artisan.

nan isht atokowa, n., a sign, Matt. 12:
38, 39; 16: 1, 4; Josh. 4: 6; a testi
mony, Josh. 4: 16.

nan isht alhpisa, n., a rule; a carpen
ter's square; a measure; a yard; a yard
stick; a parable, Mark 12: 1; 13: 10, 53;
15: 15.

nan isht alhtokowa, n., a testimony,
Luke 5: 14.

nan isht atta, n., an agent; a transactor;
an actor; any one that is intrusted with
a particular business or employment;
nan isht imqtta, his agent.

nan isht atta, n., business; employment;
object of labor or care; a transaction;
nan isht imatta, his business.

nan isht atta ikimiksho, n., leisure.

nan isht atta imasha, a., busy.

nan isht atta inlaua, v. n., to have
much business; to be busy.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXCJUAGE

273

nan isht atta inlauachi, v. t., to busy;
to furnish with much business.

nan isht boa, 11 .., a maul; a pounder.

nan isht fahammi, n., a sling.

nan isht fakuli, n., a wooden sling.

nan isht halalli, n., harness; gears; nan-
atanna isht halalli; itichanalli isfit halalli.

nan isht hummachi, n., madder; red
dyestuff.

nan isht hunsa, n., ammunition.

nan isht ikhana, n., a monument; a
token, Josh. 2: 12.

nan isht ilaiyukpa, n., entertainment;
a feast; a feasting; ilap nan iaht ilal-
i/nkpa, n., self-interest.

nan isht ilakostininchi, n., conscience,
2 Cor. 1: 12; Rom. 2: 15.

nan isht itatoba, n., a trader; an ex
changer; changers of money, John2:14.

nan isht itibbi, n., a weapon.

nan isht kasholichi, n., a mop; a wiper;
a brush.

nan isht kula, n., any instrument used
in digging; iti isJit kula, a chisel; Inkfi
isht kula, a spade.

nan isht laknachi, n., copperas; yellow
dyestuff.

nan isht lusachi, n., black dyestuff.

nan isht lanfi, n., a pencil; any instru
ment for drawing lines or making
marks.

nan isht miha, v. a. i., to murmur; n.,
a murmurer.

nan isht nukpallichi, n.,an incitement.

nan isht okchakuchi, n., indigo; blue
dyestuff.

nan isht okchalechi, n., a stimulus.

nan isht okchamalichi, n. , indigo; blue
dyestuff; green dyestuff.

nan isht piha, nan isht peii, n., a
shovel; a scoop.

nan isht pila, n., a sling; any instrument
by which things are thrown.

nan isht shatammichi, n., yeast.

nan isht shema, n., ornaments; accou
trements; decoration.

nan isht takalamiksho, n., ease.

nan isht takalama, n., a hindrance; an
impediment; an obstruction; a diffi
culty.

nan isht talakchi, n., a string; a band;
a bond; a tether.

nan isht tali, n., any instrument for
sharpening the end of a piece of wood.

N4:;:!J)°— Bull. 40 — 15 IS

nan isht tana, n., a shuttle.

nan isht tonksali, n., a tool; an imple
ment of work.

nan isht weki, n., a steelyard; a scale;
a balance, but generally used in the
plural number, as steelyards, etc., ex
cept in the case of balance.

nan isht wekichi, n., a steelyard; a
scale; a balance.

nan italhkatta, n., a thing patched to
gether; a pieced bed quilt; a quilt.

nan italhkatta ikbi, v. t., to quilt.

nan ithana, n., knowledge; wisdom,
Matt. 13: 54.

nan ithana, nan ikhana (q. v. ), n., a
man of information; a prophet, John
4:8; the prudent, Matt. 11: 25; a prog-
nosticator; nanikithano, n., a stock.

nan ithana ilahobbi, n., a quack; a
pedant.

nan ithana, n., a disciple, Matt. 10: 24,
25; see ailthana.

nan ithanachi, n., a teacher, John 3: 2;
a master, Matt. 10: 24, 25; master, Matt.
12: 38.

nan ithananchi, n., a master; a teacher,
Johnl: 38.

nan itimapesa, n., a covenant, Josh.
3: 3.

nan ittatoba, n., a trader; an exchanger;
a speculator; a storekeeper.

nan ittatoba kobafa, n., a bankrupt.

nan luma, n., a mystery; a secret.

nan lumbo, na lumbo, n., an orb; a
sphere.

nan lusa, n., black cloth; black stroud.

nan lusa chito, n., a bugbear; the
name of an imaginary being that is an
object of terror.

nan lusa isht tabashi, n., a weed;
mourning.

nan lusachi, n., blacking.

nan lushka, n., a joker.

nan mlhiksho, adv., tamely.

nannihi, n., seed, Matt. 13: 37.

nan nukhanklo, n., a man of sorrow.

nan nukpalli, n., lust; temptation.

nan nukshopa, n., wild creatures; wild
beasts.

nan nusi, nan anusi (q. v.), a cry; the
last cry for the dead.

nan offo, n., vegetation.

nan okchako, n., blue stroud; blue
blanketing.

274

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

nan okchalinchi, n., a deliverer; a
savior; na piokchalinchi, onr savior.

nan okchaya, n., a living creature; a
creature.

nan okchaya keyu, a., inanimate.

nan okluha, n., all things, Luke 15: 31.

nan okpana hinla, a., harmful.

nan okpanahe keyu, a., harmless.

nan okpani, n., a destroyer.

nan okpulo, n., a bad thing; a bad crea
ture; destruction; a detriment; a pest;
violence; an injury; evil, Matt. 6: 13;
9: 4.

nan okpulo anno, a., infamous.

nan tasembo, n., a wicked one, 1 John
3: 12.

nan tanna, n., a weaver; a clothier; a
knitter.

nan tanna, n., cloth, Matt. 9: 16; do
mestic cloth; drapery; a fabric; stuff;
a web.

nan tanna aiapesa, n., a counter; a mer
chant's table.

nan tanna akashofichi, nan tanna
asukkochi, n., a fulling mill.

nan tanna aba takali, n., a curtain.

nan tanna bahta atoba, 11., ticking.

nan tanna bakoa, n., large checked
cloth.

nan tanna basoa, n., checked cloth;
striped cloth.

nan tanna bonunta, n., a roll of cloth;
a bolt of cloth.

nan tanna holisso, n., checked cloth.

nan tanna isht alhpisa, n., a yardstick;
a measure for cloth.

nan tanna kanchi, n., a draper; one who
sells cloth.

nan tanna kallo, n., linen cloth; hemp
cloth.

nan tanna na kallo, n., canvas; coarse
cloth.

nan tanna sukko, n., thick cloth; fulled
cloth; duck; osnabur<r.

nan tanna sukko, pp., fulled.

nan tanna sukkuchi, v. t., to full cloth.

nan tanna sukkuchi, n., a fullerof cloth.

nan tanna shauiya, n., striped cloth.

nan tanna shukbo, n., duffel.

nan tanna tohbi, n., shirting; sheeting;
white cloth.

nan tileli, n., a driver; a drover (of a
number, of more than one).

nan till, n., a hewer; a marker of trees.

nantishepa, red broadcloth; red stroud.

nan toba, pp., begotten, 1 John 5: 1.

nan tobachi, n., the maker; the one who
begets; see 1 John 5: 1.

nan tohbi, n., white stroud; white blank
eting.

nan tohno, n., a hirer; a contractor; an
instigator; nanpitohno, our hirer, John
1: 22.

nan tohnochi, n., an instigator; one
that excites a quarrel.

nan toksali, n., work; labor; employ
ment; nan toksali chimasha? have you
any work?

nan toksali chipinta, n., chores.

nan toshbi, n., goods that perish; per
ishable things; rubbish; rotten things.

nan uha, a., all; everyone.

nan unha (from nan and uha}; v. n., to
be all.

nanumachi, v. t., to defame; to slander;
to talk about absent persons.

nan umachi, n., a defamer; a slanderer.

nan umachi, a. , slanderous.

nan umanchi, n. f., as; -isht nanumachi,
v. t., to slander.

nan umanchi (compounded of nan, om,
and achi, to say things on anyone), n.,
defamation.

nana, v. a. i., nandkmat, Acts 5: 8; nana
kqt, Scrip. Biog. Abraham and Lot, p.
29; nanat and nana cha filemat, she did
something and turned; iknano ka hi an,
Matt, 24: 20; enana, I Cor. 15: 11.

nana, rel. pro.; nana ka, what, Matt.
10:27; whichever; nana pel inchi, them;
nana lion it ih, Matt. 18: 16; nana a kan
chi, "them that sold," Matt. 21: 12.

nana, n., a thing; a matter; a concern;
a case; a cause; a fact; a subject; a
substance; an affair; an article; stuff;
materials; an event; an object; sub
stance; a topic; nqnna, intensive form;
nana ho, a thing; anything; something;
nanahon, what, Matt 10:19; 12:7; 15:4.
nana hoxh, anything in general; what
ever; but nana ko*li is definite; nana
kakosJi, demonstrative; nana inakosli,
which of the things; nana, used an
intensive, as hatak nana hosh; see hatak
nana hosh CJnhowa nitak nan ash, John
1: 18.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

275

nana, n., stroud; coarse woolen broad
cloth.

nana achukma; nana ikachukmo, n., a
vice.

nana ahaksichi, n., a pardoner.

nana aianli, n., a reality.

nana aiasha, n., a lumber room.

nana aiibetabli, n., an offence, Matt.
18: 7.

nana aiikhana, n., a school; a place of
obtaining knowledge.

nana aiisht ilaiyukpa, n., pleasure.

nana aiisht imaleka, n., peril.

nana aiithana, n., a scholar; a pupil;
nana im aiithana, his disciples, John
2: 2; 4: 8.

nana aiittatoba, n., a trading-house; a
storehouse; a market.

nana aiyimmika, n., religion.

nana akaniohmi, n., conduct; see nana
kaniohmi.

nana atoba, n., a manufactory.

nana alhpisa, n., a covenant; an agree
ment; a thing agreed upon; a com
mandment, Matt. 15: 6,9; a tradition,
Matt. 15: 6; nan alhpisa, Matt. 15: 3.

nanaalhto keyu, n., emptiness.

nana alhto keyu, a., empty.

nana fehna, a., important.

nana fehna, n., a reality; the very thing;
the thing itself; importance; stress.

nana fehna keyu, a., immaterial.

nana haleli, n., infection.

nana hat, that which, Matt. 15: 11.

nana hon, whatsoever, Matt. 16: 19;
that; hatak nana ho™, that man, Matt.
18: 7.

nana holhtina, n., mathematics; things
enumerated.

nana hosh, anything, Matt. 17: 20.

nana hunwa, n., a smell; a scent.

nana ikachukmo, n., an evil thing.

naria inkaniohmi chito, okla nana
inkaniohmi chito, n., a revolution.

nanaiksho, a., vacant.

nana imabachi, n., a teacher; an in
structor.

nana imilanyak, n., goods; treasures,
Matt. 2: 11.

nana inla yimmi, n., a proselyte.

nana inla yimmihechi, v. t., to prose
lyte.

nana iskitinusi, n., a mite; a mote; a
trifle.

nana isht apesa, n., a rule; a parable,
Luke 6: 39.

nana isht atta, n., employ; employ
ment.

nana isht ilaiyukpa, n., consolation.

nana isht miha shall, n., a rcpiner.

nana itaiyuma, n., a mixture.

nana itatoba, n., a salesman.

nana ithana, n., a disciple, Luke 6: 40.

nana ka, n., a thing, John 4: 22.

nana kanihchi, v. t., to do something
with; to treat; to use; to manage; to
punish.

nana kanihmi, n., an occurrence; an
event.

nana kaniohmi, pp., punished.

nana kaniohmi, nana akaniohmi, n.,
a ceremony; conduct; a deed; news;
performance.

nana kaniohmi iksho, a., unharmed.

nana kashofa, nana kashoffi, n., a.,
pardon.

nana keyu, n., nothing; not anything;
vanity.

nana kia, n., anything; something; even
a thing; whatsoever thing; whatever;
whatsoever; nothing, with a neg. verb,
Luke 4: 34; 5: 5; hatak nana kia, any
man, Matt. 11: 27; 16: 20; iknana kia,
although it may be so; even let it be so;
nana kat, a thing, Matt, 10: 26; 15: 11;
Josh. 1: 8.

nana lua hinla, n., a combustible; some
thing that will burn.

nana luma, a., private.

nana moma, n., all things; everything;
nature; all nature.

nana moma inshali, a., highest; supe
rior to all things.

nana moma inshali,v. n., to be highest.

nana moma inshali, n., the highest,
Luke 2: 14; The Most High.

nana okchanya, n., a living thing; a liv
ing creature; life, John 1 : 4.

nana pinsa, n., a witness; an evidence;
an eyewitness.

nana silhha, n., a beggar; a supplicant;
an applicant; a petitioner; a suppliant;
a vagrant.

nana tanna, n., a loom.

nana toba, n., a fabric.

nana toba puta, n., the universe; all
created things.

nana waya, n., fruit, Josh. 5: 12.

276

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

nana wehpoa, n., plunder; articles
taken by violence, as booty, spoils, etc.

nana yamohmi, n. , an instance.

nana yoshoba isht nukhaklo, a., re
pentant.

nana yuhmahe alhpesa, a., essential.

nana yukpa, n., life; happiness, in a
theological sense.

nana yuwala, n., obscenity.

nanak, to say the thing.

nanabli, v. a. i., v. t., to swallow; to en-
glut; to engorge; to glut; to gobble; to
gorge; to sup; to take.

nanabli, n., a swallow; as much as is
swallowed at once; a glut.

nanabli, n., deglutition; the act of swal
lowing.

nanabli achafa, n., a draught; a single
swallow; a dram.

nanabli iklanna, n., half a swallow;
half a drain.

nanablichi, v. t., to cause to swallow; to
make another swallow; to drench.

nanablichi, n. , a drencher.

nanih; see nautili, katih, and kanih; simi
lar to h and mih; he, she, or it is;
nantih, nanih, are used of things.

nanta, any one; any thing; nanta hosh
anumpuht tea.

nanta, n., a thing; what; who; which —
nantafehna ikachukmo kat ilappa chiyuh-
mawa; nanta ako*, Matt. 16: 26 — nanta
chin chop what shall it be? Matt. 11: 3—
nanta hako — nanta hakosh — nanta hon,
what? Matt. 11: 7, 8 — nanta hocha —
nanta hona — nanta hosh, nantash, what;
Ch.Bk.,p. 120, sec. 8 — nanta hot — nanta
katimi — nanta katimiho, how is it, John
4: 9; what, why, Luke 5: 22; 6:41—
nanta katiohmi — nanta katiohmiho, why
then; why, Johnl: 25; Matt. 7: 3; 14: 31;
15: 2; 2 Sam. 24: 3; wherefore, Josh.
7: 7 — nanta katiohmiho ahni, \. a. i., to
wonder, John 4: 27 — nanta kahcto —
nanta kawa, v. a. i., it can not be other
wise; to be without any alternative,
nantak, from nanta+k, what the, Matt.
6: 31. nantak on, what is it, in the obj.
case; whereunto, Matt. 11: 16. nanta
kocha — nanta kona — nanta koxii, what is
it, in the nom. case — nanta makon,
wherewith — nanta makocJia — nanta ma-
kona — nanta makosli ,

nantapaski, n., a handkerchief; thin
cloth; calico. [This in probably from
nantanna tapaski meaning thin cloth,
nantanna itself being compounded of
nana, something, and tanna, woven. —
H. S. H.]

nantapaski anchi, n., a shawl.

nantapaski chito, n., a shawl.

nantapaski ialipa, n., a kerchief; a
turban.

nantapaski inuchi, n., a cravat.

nantami, nantihmi, (from nanta and
mih}, why, Luke 6: 2: what for; what?

nantih, see nanih.

nantih maheto, a., impossible.

nantih maheto, v. n., to be impossible.

nantihmi, nantahmi (from nanta and
mih) , v. a. i., v. n., how is it? Luke 2:49.

nantihmi, what?

nantimiho, wherefore.

nantukachi, (from nanta, ka and achi),
v. t., to say, see Child's Catechism,
question 11, nantukachi hon? see John
7: 26, nanok ikimachoshke.

nanuka, nanakan, nanoka, v. a. i., to
say; to advise; to speak something de
signed for good; chinnanuka sabanna;
nanok ikimachoshke, see John 7: 26;
nantukachi, derived from nana thing,
Tea which, and a, to say.

nanukachi (from nana, lea, and achi}, v.
a. i., to say things; to counsel; to advise;
to rail, 2 Chron. 32: 17; nan ukahan-
chi, John 9: 22; nan imokahanchi, Rev.
3: 13.

nanpann, see panfi.

nashoba, n., a wolf; nashoba isikopa, rav
ening wolves, Matt. 7: 15.

nashoba hila, n., the name of a dance.

nashoba iklanna, n., a demiwolf; a
half wolf; a wolf dog.

nashoba inchuka, n., a pen or trap
made for catching wolves.

nashoba nakni, n. , a he wolf.

nashoba tek, n., a she wolf; a bitch.

nashobushi, n., a young wolf; a whelp.

nasholichi, v. t., to destroy, 2 Sam. 22:
38.

nashuka, n., the face, Matt. 6: 16, 17;
17: 2; countenance; aspect; the visage;
the looks; the head; Anki aba binili ka
nashuka yan, the face of my Father
which is in heaven, Matt. 18: 10.

BYINGTOK]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CTIOCTAW LANGUAGE

277

nashuka bieka, a., barefaced; having a
naked face.

nashuka bieka, v. n., to be barefaced.

nashuka hata, a. , palefaced.

nashuka hita, v. n.; to be palefaced.

nashuka humma, n. , a red face.

nashuka humma t ont taha, v. a. L, to
blush.

nashuka isht kasholichi, n., a towel.

nashuka isht umpoholmo, n., a veil,
Gen. 24: 65.

nashuka okpulo, n., a grimace.

nashuka tuklo, a., doublefaced.

nalap, 11., the swallow.

nali, n., the back, Josh. 7: 8; hatak nali,
l>qshpo nali, holisso nali.

nali foni, n., the backbone; the chine;
the spine.

nali foni aiitachaka, n., the vertebrae.

nali foni lupi, n., the spinal marrow.

nali hishi, n., a bristle; bristles.

nali nipi, n., a sirloin.

nalli, v. a. i. pi., to swallow; to booze; to
gulp; to guzzle.

nalli, n. pi., swallows; drams.

nalli, 11., deglutition.

nallichi, v. t. pi., to make others swal
low; to drench.

nala, pp., wounded; shot; stung; iknalo,
a., unshot; unwounded.

nala hinla, a., vulnerable.

nali, v. t., to wound; to sting; to shoot;
to smite, as the heart, 2 Sam. 24: 10.

nan, n., a sting.

nali, n., a wounder.

nalichi, v. t., to cause to wound; to
wound.

nan aiokweli, n., a fishery; a fishing-
place.

nan isht albi, nani isht albi, n., a fish
hook, Matt. 17: 27; a seine.

nan isht okwia, n., a fishhook; a seine.

nan okweli, v. t., to angle; to fish.

nan okweli, n., an angler; a fisher; a
fisherman.

nan okweli, n., a fishery.

nan ushi, n., the spawn of fish; young
'fish.

nanabi, n., a fisher; a fisherman, Luke
5: 2.

nanalbi, n., a fish trap.

nanapa, n., a watersnake; a fish eater.

nani, n., a fish, Matt. 14: 17; 17: 27; nani

yon, a fish; Matt. 7: 10.
nani basa, n., a perch,
nani chapka, n., a cockroach.
nani chito, n., a great fish; a whale,

Matt, 12:40; a shark.
nani hakshup, n., a fish scale; fish

scales.

nani hokli, v. t., to angle; to catch fish,
nani hokli, n., an angler; a fisherman,

Matt. 4: 18.

nani humma, n., a red fish,
nani in tali hata, n., the white shining

part of the belly of a fish.
nani isht hokli, nan isht hokli, n., a

fish net, Matt. 4:18; 13: 47; a fish trap;

a fish pot; a fish basket; a seine; a

fishhook.

nani itakha, n., fish gills.

nani kallo, n., the garfish; a haniger.

nani patassa, n., a flat fish.

nani shupik, n., a kind of trout.

nanih, n., (nani, a fish) , a hill; an emi
nence; a mount; a height; a mound; a
mountain, Josh. 2: 16, 22; 8: 30.

nanih aiali, n., the brow of a hill; the
edge of a hill, Luke 4: 29.

nanih akkia, n., the pitch of a hill; the
descent of a hill.

nanih bunto, n., a round hill; a mound;
a mount.

nanih chaha,n., a high hill; a mountain;
a mount, Matt, 5: 1; Matt. 14: 23;
nanih chaha yan, the mountain, Matt,
8: 1; 15: 29; Luke 4: 5; nanih chaha
put a kcij mountains, Luke 23: 30; nanih
chlpunta yan, hills.

nanih chakpaka, 11., down hill; a hill
side.

nanih chakpataka, n., the side of a hill.

nanih chakpatalika, n., the side of a
hill.

nanih foka, a,, hilly; into the mountains,
Matt, 18: 12.

nanih foka, n., hills; highland; upland.

nanih lua, n., a burning mountain.

nanih paknaka, n., the top of a hill; the
crown of a hill.

nanih tashaiyi, n., an island.

naniyi, n., the fins of a fish; a fiv..

nek, part., like kqmo; see Ifl:.

278

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

nia, a., fat; adipose; corpulent; fleshy;
gross; fatty; full; pudgy; squab; unctu
ous; lukfinia, unctuous clay.

nia, pp., fattened; fleshed; larded; tal
lowed.

nia, v. n., to be fat; niat taiyaha, waxed
fat, Matt. 13: 15.

nia, v. a. L, to fat.

nia, n., fatness; the fat; the hard fat of
animals; grossness.

nia chapka, n., a cockroach; see bila
chapka.

niachi, v. t., to fat; to fatten; to batten;
to feed; to lard; to tallow; hqshileniachi,
I Sam. 2:29.

niachi, n., a fattener.

niashm.0, a., adhesive; v. n., to be adhe
sive.

niat isht ia, v. a. i., to fat; to fatten; to
batten; to grow fat.

nibli, v. t. pi., to take off the limbs of a
tree or of a body; to dismember; to
dissect; to joint; to limb.

nibli, n., one who severs limbs from the
main trunk.

nietak, see nitak.

niha, nihi (q. v. ), pp., thrashed; ginned
(seed taken from the stalk, etc.).

niheli, nihelichi, nihechi, v. t., to thrash
out seed; to pick out seed; to gin; to
thrash; onush an nihelichi, to thresh
wheat; ponola yan nihelichi, to gin cot
ton.

nihelichi, n., a thrasher.

nihi, n., seed, Matt. 17: 20; a kernel; a
grain; a nit, as isap nihi; a bore, cali
ber; the core; a corn; the head of
onnsli; no, niJii, seeds, Matt, 13: 4.

nihi, pp., thrashed; shelled; ginned;
nihcli, v. t.

nihi aholokchi aiona, 11., seedtime.

nihi chitofa, v. a. i, to seed; to shed the
seed.

nihifimmi, v. t., to seed.

nihi laua, a., seedy.

nihi toba, v. a. i., to seed; to grow to ma
turity so as to produce seed.

ninak, n., night.

ninak aiatta, n., a birth night.

ninak ash, n., yesternight.

ninak aba pit anumpuli, n., a vigil.

ninak foka, a., nocturnal; in the night.

ninak foka, v. n., to be nocturnal.

ninak ialipa, n., a nightcap.

ninak iklanna, n., midnight; half of

the night.

ninak impa, n., supper,
ninak impa impa, v. a. i., to sup.
ninak luak, n., night fire.
ninak oklili, n., night darkness; ninak

oklill kamakat kania, Egyptian darkness.
ninak palali, n., night fire,
ninak tasembo, n., a night walker;

night craziness.

nip illit shua, v. a. i., to mortify,
nip illit shua, pp., mortified,
nip illit shua, n., mortification,
nip illit shuachi, v. t., to mortify; to

cause mortification.

nipa, pp. pi., stripped of limbs; dismem
bered; dissected; ninlpalm, to rend in

pieces, Gen. 37: 33. — this should be

nipa, pass, of nibli; nibli, v. t.
nipa, n., limbs stripped off or cut off;

jointed.
nipafa, pp. sing., stripped of limbs; cut

off; jointed; nipafli, v. t.
nipafa, n., a limb cut off.
nipaialhpusha, n., a gridiron; the place

where meat is roasted or broiled.
nipali, pp. pi., stripped off; taken off;

jointed; nipafkachi, pp. pi.
nipalichi, v. t. pi., to take off; to strip

off; to cut off limbs from a tree or a

body.

nipauashli, v. t. , to fricassee; to fry meat.
nipaffi, v. t. sing., to take off a limb;

to joint.

nipalwasha, see nipi alwaslxt.
nipasha, n., a roasting ear; as tanch ni-

pasha.
nipashi, v. a. i., to become a roasting

ear; to grow to the state of roasting

ears,
nipi, n., meat; flesh; a kernel; lean;

leanness; pulp, Matt. 16: 17.
nipi abashli, n., a meat bench.
nipi achukma, n., hardy; healthy;

hearty; hale,
nipi ahoni, n., a vessel used for cooking

meat,
nipi aialhto, n., a meat barrel; a meat

trough or bin, or any place of deposit

for meat.
nipi aiittatoba, n., the shambles; a

flesh market.
nipi alhpusha, n.. broiled meat: roasted

meat.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

279

nipi alwasha, nipalwasha, n., fried
meat; a fricassee.

nipi baha, pp., meat beaten up in a mor
tar.

nipi baha sbila, n., sausage meat.

nipi bah, v. t., to beat up meat in a
mortar; to beat up sausage meat.

nipi bano, a., naked; naked flesh.

nipi bano, v. n., to be naked.

nipi banuchi, v. t., to strip naked.

nipi bashli, n., a butcher.

nipi honni, n., cooked meat; stewed
meat; boiled meat.

nipi humma, n., a mulatto.

nipi ikinchukmo , a. , unwell.

nipi illi, nipilli, n., dead flesh; gan
grene.

nipi isht chanya, n., a chopping knife;
a meat knife or ax.

nipi isht kap ash, n., flesh tongs made
of cane.

nipi isht kaf a, n. , flesh tongs.

nipi kallo, a., able bodied; athletic.

nipi kallo, v. n., to be able bodied.

nipi lua, a. , having the flesh burnt.

nipi lua, v. 11., to have the flesh burnt;
to burn, as a fever.

nipi lua, n., burning flesh; a fever.

nipi labocha, n., boiled meat; meat
cooked in boiling water.

nipi okchanki, n., fresh meat.

nipi okchanki tushali, n., a steak; slices
of fresh meat.

nipi shila, n., dried meat; cured meat;
dry flesh.

nipi shua, n., carrion; putrid flesh; rot
ten meat; mortification; gangrene.

nipi shua, pp., mortified.

nipi shulla, n., perished flesh; withered
flesh; dried flesh, applied to describe
diseases in the flesh.

nipi tushafa, n. sing., a piece of meat; a
slice of meat; a rasher.

nipi tushafa pasa, n., a rasher.

nipi tushali, n. pi., slices of meat.

nipi wannichi, n., horror.

nipinchuka, n., a meat house.

nishkin, n., the eye, Matt. 18: 9; the eye
ball; the core of a boil; the sight;
view; isldtibapishi ninhkin, and chitiish-
kin, Matt. 6: 22; 7: 3, 4; 13: 15; chhiish-
/.•mMatt. 18: 9.

nishkin achafa, a., one-eyed.

nishkin aheli chiluk, n. pi., sockets of

the eye.
nishkin ahika chiluk, n. sing., a socket

of the eye.

nishkin alata, n., spectacles,
nishkin alata ansha, pp., spectacled.
nishkin ali,n., the corner of the eye; the

edges of the eye.

nishkin hakshup, n., the eyelid.
nishkin halupa, a., eagle-eyed; quick-

sighted; sharp-sighted.
nishkin halupa, n., a keen eye; a sharp

eye.

nishkin hata, n., a light-colored eye.
nishkin ikhalupo, a., short-sighted.
nishkin imalikchi, n., an oculist.
nishkin imikhinsh, n., eye salve; eye

water,
nishkin itasunali, n., cross-eyes; a.,

cross-eyed; goggle-eyed.
nishkin itiopitama, n., cross-eyes; a.,

cross-eyed.

nishkin kala, n., a perished eye.
nishkin kania, a., sightless.
nishkin kucha, pp., gouged,
nishkin kuchi, v. t. , to gouge.
nishkin lapa, n., blindness; a blind eye.
nishkin lapa, a., blind.
nishkin lapa, v. n., to be blind,
nishkin lapa ammona, a., purblind;

partially blind.
nishkin lapachi, v. t., to blind; to make

blind.
nishkin lapat kania, a., stone-blind;

entirely blind.

nishkin luhmi, v. t., to blindfold,
nishkin luma, pp., blindfolded.
nishkin lusa, n., a black eye; a., black

eyed,
nishkin mochukli, n., the winking of

the eye; the winking of an eye.
nishkin nihi, n., the pupil of the eye;

the sight of the eye; eyesight.
nishkin nukbilankchi, n., the flesh in

the corner of the eye.
nishkin okchi, n., a tear; tears,
nishkin okchi, v. a. i., to weep; to shed

tears,
nishkin okchi minti, v. a. i., to weep

(lit., the tears come).
nishkin okchiyanalli, 11., a weeping.
nishkin okchiyanalli, v. a. i., to flow,

as tears; the tears flow.
nishkin okhaiyanli, n., cross-eyes.

280

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

nishkin okpani, v. t., to destroy the eye;
to blind; to deprive of sight.

nishkin okpulo, n., a bad eye; a ruined
eye.

nishkin oktalonli, n., a blear eye.

nishkin oktalonli, a., blear-eyed; wall
eyed; blind eyed.

nishkin okwalonli, a., wall-eyed.

nishkin shamba, n., a perished eye.

nishkin shanaiya, a. , cross-eyed; squint-
eyed.

nishkin shanaiya, n., crows-eyes.

nishkin shilinhchi, nishkin shilinkchi,
n., the eyelash.

nishkin shilinhchi hakshup, n., the
eyelid.

nishkin tamoa,a.,blind; having a blind
ness in both eyes.

nishkin tamoa, v. n., to be blind in
both eyes.

nishkin tanla, n., an eye covered with
a film, but not destroyed.

nishkin talhha, n., a cataract; a film
over the pupil of the eye.

nishkin tamp, n., an evil eye.

nishkin toba, n. , a bubble.

nishkin toba, v. a.i., to bubble; to form
a bubble.

nishkin tohbi, n., a dim eye; dimness
of eyesight; Isaac nishkin at toJibit talia
hatokosh usJii an achukmat ikithanokitok.

nishkin tohbichi, v. t., to make the
eye dim.

nishkin wishakchi, n., the corner of
the eye.

nishkoba, see nushkoba.

nita, n., a bear.

nita bila, n., bear's oil.

nita hakshup, nitakshup, n., a bear
skin; a bear's hide.

nita inpisa, n., name of a strong, tough,
green grass, similar to bisakchula.

nita nia, n., bear's fat; bear fat.

nita nipi, n., bear meat.

nita peli, n., a bear's nest.

nita tohbi, n., a white bear.

nitak, nittak, nietak, n., a day; day,
Matt. 7: 22; 11: 23, 24, 25; Josh. 5: l" 1 ;
light; from sunrise to sundown; day
time; a time, Matt. 3: 1; a season; a
date, Matt. 12: 1; a term; na pehna
holokehi nitnL-, seedtime.

nitak, a., temporal.

nitak achafa ninak achafa, n., one day

of twenty-four hours.
nitak achafa tonksali, n., a day's work,
nitak aialhtoba, nitak aialhtoba hin-

la, n., pay day.
nitak aiatta, n., a birthday,
nitak aiitauaya, n., a wedding day.
nitak atukma, adv., daily,
nitak atukma, a., diurnal,
nitak alhpisa, n., a period; measured

or appointed days,
nitak chakpa, midst of days,
nitak echi, v. a. i., to begin, as a day;

the day begins.
nitak echi, n., the commencement of

the day; the forepart of the day; the

name of a chief in Pushimataha dis
trict who died in the old nation,
nitak himmak pilla ma, n., futurity,
nitak holhtina takaii, pp., dated,
nitak holhtina takalichi, v. t. , to date,
nitak holhtina tonksali, n. , day's labor,
nitak holisso pisa, n., a school day.
nitak hollo, n., the Sabbath day; also a

holy day; a week; Sunday, Matt. 12: 8.
nitak hollo achafakma, adv., weekly,
nitak hollo chito, n., Christmas; the

great holy day.

nitak hollo ikimiksho, a., Sabbathless.
nitak hollo kobam, n., a Sabbath

breaker.

nitak hollo nakfish, n., Saturday.
nitak hollo nitak, n., the Sabbath day;

nitak hullo nitak an, the Sabbath days;

nitak hullo nitak on, the Sabbath day,

Luke 4: 16; Matt. 12: 1, 10, 11, 12.
nitak hollo tuklo, n., a fortnight; two

weeks; two Sabbaths.
nitak hollo tukinmisha, n., Tuesday,
nitak hollotuk onna, n., Monday,
nitak infalaia, a., longlived.
nitak ikinfalaio, a., shortlived.
nitak iklanna, n., midday; half a day.
nitak ilaualli, n., a holy day; a play day.
nitak inla, n., a week day.
nitak isht yopomo, v. t., to while; to

waste time.
nitak kaniohmi kia, any day; any

time, Matt. 13: 15; Josh. (5: 10.
nitak moma, a., every day; n., all days;

ever.

nitak moma, adv., daily.
nitak moma holisso, n., a journal.

BVTNGTON]

A DICTION ARV OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

281

nitak nana, any day, Matt. 7: 23; with
a neg., never; no day; nitak nana taha
liimma keyu.

nitak nana alhpisa ch.it o, n., dooms
day; judgment day; the day of judg
ment.

nitak nanta, never; nitak nanta fena
akon ont hokofa wa.

nitak omi, n., moonlight; moonshine.

nitak taha, v. a. i., to expire.

nitak tinkba, a., ancient; of old; adv.,
anciently; primitive; of old time, Matt.
5:21.

nitak tinkba, v. n., to.be ancient.

nitak tinkba, n., antiquity; ancient days;
former days or times.

nitak tinkba minti, n., the future.

nitak tinkbahe, hereafter (day that will
be first).

nitak tohwikeli, n., dawn; daylight.

nitak tonksali, n., a working day.

nitak untuklo, n., seven night.

nitanki, a., mild; pleasant; good; season
able; adv., timely.

nitanki, v. n., to be mild.

nitanki, adv., in time; in season; while
it is day; nitanki ona sabgnna or ikopi-
ako ona, sabanna.

nitanki, n., light, John 1: 5.

nitakshup, see nlta hakshup.

nittak, see nitak.

nitushi, n., a young bear; a cub.

no, a rel. pro., or part. cont. from ano
(q. v.); nan aiokchayano, Luke 2: 30.

no, art. cont. from ano; often suffixed
to ka, hoka, etc.

Nofimba, n., November.

nolichi, v. t. pi., to trim off small limbs
or leaves.

noshkobo, see nushkobo.

noshkoboka, n., head of, Josh. 11: 10;
see nushkobo.

nota, see nuta.

noti, n., a tooth; a grinder; teeth; a tusk;
noti ma, teeth also, Matt. 8: ~L2;noti aham-
pa, gnashing of teeth, Matt. 13: 42, 50.

noti bolukta, noti polukta, n., a double
tooth.

noti chukbi, n. , a corner tooth ; a grinder.

noti hotupa, n., toothache.

noti ibish, n., a foretooth; a front tooth.

noti isht impa, n., a grinder.

noti isht itibi, n., a fang; a tusk; the eye-
tooth; the dogtooth; the cheek tooth.

noti isht kasholichi, n., a toothbrush.

noti isht shinli, n., a toothpick.

noti itabalakchi, n., the gum of the

teeth.

noti italbakchi, n., the gum of the teeth.
noti italbakchi chito, n., the lam pas.
noti itikiselichi, v. t., to grind the teeth;

to grate the teeth; to gnash the teeth to
gether.

noti nukbalankchi, n., the gum of the
teeth.

noti offo, v. a. i., to teethe.

noti pokta, n., a double tooth; a grinder.

noti polukta, noti bolukta, n., a double
tooth.

noti shakaya, n., a tooth edge.

noti tikba, n., a foretooth; a front tooth.

nowa, v. a. i., to walk; to travel, Josh.
9: 13; to go; to journey; to move; to
pace; to stalk; to tramp; to tread; anoiua,
Matt. 14:29; itanoiva, to travel together,
Matt. 2: 2; 6: 26; 10: 7; innowa, to visit
him, her, or them; to see him, etc.;
olioyo innoira, to visit a lady, i. e., to
court; to pay attention to a lady; akka
nowa, to travel on foot; innoira n., a
visit; iknoiro a., untraveled; anowa,n.,
the place to walk.

nowa, n., a walk; a walker; a traveler;
a gait; a journey; a march; a pace; a
ramble; a travel; a tread; a walking.

nowa palhki, v. a. i., to trip.

nowa shati, n., a rambler; a., restless.

nowachi, v. t., to walk; to cause to walk.

nowat anya, v. a, i., to travel; to jaunt;
to journey; to be walking, anowataflya,
Matt. 14: 25; anohonu'at anya, Matt.
14: 26; anou-at manygt, Matt. 14: 28.

nowat anya, n., a journey; a pilgrimage.

nowat anya, a., wayfaring.

nowat anya, n., a traveler; a guest; a
passenger.

nowat falama, n., a jaunt.

nowat fullokahanchi, v. t., to itinerate.

nowat fullokahanchi, n., an itinerant.

nowat fullota, v. a. i., to jaunt; to travel
about.

nowat fullota, n., a jaunt; the pei^on
who jaunts; a tourist; a tour.

nowat itanaha, n., a levee.

nuchi, n., milk weed; flax; nucln gpi,
Josh. 2: 6.

nukbepa, a., breathless.

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nukbepa> pp., stunned by a blow on the
trunk or chest.

nukbepa, n., the state of one stunned.

nukbepli, v. t. sing., to stun; to strike the
breast, or chest, so as to deprive of
breath for a season.

nukbepiichi, v. t., to cause to stun.

nukbepoa, a. pi., breathless.

nukbepoa, pp., stunned.

nukbepuli, v. t. pi., to stun; to smite the
chest, so as to deprive of breath for a
season.

nukbikili, v. a. i., to stifle; to lodge and
press, in the throat, as some kinds of
food.

nukbimikachi, v. a. i., to palpitate.

nukbimikachi, n., a palpitation.

nukbimimkachi, v. a. i., to palpitate.

nukchinto, v. a. i., to keep silence, Luke
4: 35; 18: 39; to forbear; nukchintoli, I
keep silence.

nukchinto, a., silent.

nukfichoa, chukfikoa, n., hiccough;
hickup.

nukfichoa, nukfichowa, v. a. i., to
hickup.

nukficholi, v. a. i., to hickup.

nukficholi, n., the hickups; hiccough or
hickup.

nukficholichi, v. t., to cause one to
hickup.

nukfoka, v. a. i., v. t., to embrace; to
comprehend; to understand or to be
imbued with knowledge; to hear; to
imbibe; to occur; to receive; to have,
as faith, Matt. 17: 20; chimanumpa ha-
sanukfokqt tahqshke, chinukfoka himma
key tit said to an obstinate child; nuk-
fonka, nas. form; nukfoyuka, pro. form.

nukfoka, a., pp., instructed; made to un
derstand ; inspired ; principled ; received ;
tnikfoi/nko, pro. form.

nukf okachi, v. t., to instruct; to cause to
understand.

nukfokechi, nukfokichi, v. t., to give
knowledge; to cause to be established
in the knowledge of anything; to in
spire; to principle; prolonged form,
nukfokihinchi; aha annmpa Jian islipi-
nukfokihincJiashke, wilt thou establish
us in the gospel?

nukfoki, v. t., to give knowledge; to estab
lish in the knowledge of anything; aha
anuinpa nukfoki, to establish in the

knowledge of the gospel; to inspire; to
put into the mind; to move one to do
or say, Josh. 15: 18.

nukfoki, n., a teacher,

nukfokichi, n., one who instructs or im
parts knowledge; a teacher.

nukfokichi, n., inspiration.

nukhanklo, n., a deplorer; a dump.

nukhanklo, n., sorrow; grief; bowels,
as used in the scriptures; compassion;
dolor; gloom; lamentation; lenity;
melancholy; plaint; regret; remorse;
tenderness; pity; isht innukhawklo, n.,
his mercies, 2 Sam. 24: 14.

nukhanklo, pp., deplored; grieved; hum
bled; melted, as the heart with sor
row or compassion; ikinnukhanklo, a.,
unpitied.

nukhanklo, a., sorry; sorrowful; pitiful;
merciful; broken in heart, Luke 4: 18;
contrite; aggrieved; afflicted; compas
sionate; dull; doleful; dolorous; griev
ous; heavy; humane; humble; merci
ful; pitiful; plaintive; propitious; re
pentant; rueful; sad; spleen y; tender;
tragical; innukhaklahe alhpesa, lament
able; pitiable; iknnkhanklo, a., unre
pentant.

nukhanklo, v. n., to be sorry or sorrow
ful; to be aggrieved, Matt. 17: 23.

nukhanklo, v. a. i., v. t., to feel sor
row; to exercise compassion; to com
miserate; to sorrow; to spare; to yearn;
to be sorry, Matt. 14: 9; to bewail; to
lament; to mourn; to compassionate; to
deplore; to moan; to repent; to wail;
isJit nukhanklo, v. t., to lament; to re
gret; to weep; to sigh; to mourn for;
innukhankloli, insannkhanklo; itinti)t nk-
hanklo, to pity each other; innukhank-
lo, to pity; to be moved with compas
sion, Matt. 14: 14; ibanukhanklo, v. a. i.,
to sympathize with; to sympathize;
'ibanukhanklo, a., sympathetic; Ihanuk-
1iankfo, n., sympathy.

nukhanklo atopa, n., heart-break; over
much sorrow.

nukhanklo chito, a., woful.

nukhanklo iksho, a., hard hearted;
without pity; merciless; ruthless; sav
age; unrelenting; unsparing; innukhan-
kl<> ikxho, a., unmerciful.

mikhanklochi, v. t., to grieve; to af
flict; to deject; to depress; to humble;

BYINQTONJ A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

283

to melt, as the heart; chunkash nuk-
hanklochi, to sadden; to touch.

nukhanklot nanhullochi, v. a. i., to fast
religiously. Matt. 9: 14, 15.

nukhama, v. a. i., to be in pain.

nukhamachi, v. t. caus., to cause pain.

nukhammi, a., painful; aching; severe;
sharp.

nukhammi, v. n., to be painful; to ache;
v. a. i., to struggle; to throe; sanuk-
hammi, I am pained, nukhahammi, to
have bitterness of spirit, 1 Sam. 1: 10.

nukhammi, nukhami, n., pain; misery;
distress; agony; a throe; torture; un
easiness; "her pains," 1 Sam. 4: 19;
1 Thess. 4: 3 [?].

nukhammichi, v. t., to inflict pain;
to cause pain or agony; to distress; to
pain; to torture.

nukhobela, a., pp., angry; mad; furi
ous; infuriated; passionate; enraged;
irritated; agitated; excited.

nukhobela, v. n., to be mad or angry; to
become mad (fixed or settled madness).

nukhobela, n., anger; wrath; excite
ment; fire.

nukhobelachi, v. t., to enrage; to irri
tate; to anger; to provoke; to make
mad; to fire; to infuriate.

nukhomechi, v. t., to render pungent;
acrimonious, or strong, as whiskey,
pepper, or peach leaves when taken
into the mouth.

nukliomi, a. , pungent to the taste.

nukhomi, n., pungency.

nukhushpa, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 44.

nukkilli, n., hatred; ill will; indigna
tion; malice; spite; lnnukkilli, n., en
mity; wrath; aiinnukkilli, anger, 2 Sam.
24: 1; anger, an attribute, Josh. 7:12, 26.

nukkilli, a., envious; indignant; invid
ious; malicious; malign; malignant;
spiteful.

nukkilli, v. n., to hate, John 3: 20; to
abhor; innukkilli, v. t., to hate him,
Matt. 5: 22; 6: 24; to despite; to envy;
to spite; itinnuMMH, to hate each other.

nukkilli, innukkilli, n., a hater.

nukkilii keyu, a., unenvied.

nukkilli chechi, v. t., to cause to hate;
to disaffect.

nukkillichi, v. t., to cause to hate.

nukkitekachi, n., palpitation of the
heart; pulsation of the heart, caused by

fever as some say; clmnkash nukkite
kachi.

nukkitekachi, v. a. i., to palpitate; to
flutter, as in the stomach.

nukkiteli, n., burning in the stomach
when very acid.

nuklibekachi, v. a. i., to start quick, as
the blood.

nuklibekachi, n., a quick motion of the
blood; heartburn; heart rising.

nuklibeshachi, v. t., to enkindle; see
below.

nuklibisha, a., pp., heated; warmed with
passion; hot; enkindled.

nuklibisha, v. n., to be heated; to be
in a passion.

nuklibisha, v. a. i., to glow; to warm;
to get warm with passion.

nuklibisha, n., temper; warmth.

nuklibishakachi, a., heated suddenly
with passion; impassionate; impas
sioned.

nuklibishakachi, v. n., to be heated;
to be warmed with passion.

nuklibishachi, v. t., to enkindle.

nuklibishli, v. t., to warm the flesh or
person.

nuklibishlikachi, n., passion.

nuklibishlikachi, v. a. i., to fly into a
passion.

nuklakancha, n., a fright; terror; de
struction, 1 Sam. 5: 11.

nuklakancha, v. a. i., to start flesh
trembling.

nuklakancha, pp., frightened; scared;
surprised; affrighted; amazed; shocked;
terrified; marveled, Matt. 8: 10, 27; 9:8;
Luke 4: 36, Matt. 12: 23; astonished,
Matt, 13:54; wondered, Matt. 15:31.

nuklakanchichi, v. t., to startle; to
affright; to affray; to start.

nuklakashli, nuklakanshli (n. f. ), v. t.
pi., to frighten; to startle; to scare; to
shock; to terrify; to destroy, 1 Sam.
5: 9.

nuklamalli, v. a. i., to choke or suffocate.

nuklamoli, nuklamonli (n. f. ), v. a. i.
pi., to strangle; to choke by taking
food, etc., into the windpipe; to stran
gle by being under water too long.

nuklamoli, pp., strangled; choked.

nuklamolichi, v. t., to cause to stran
gle; to strangle another.

284

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[BULL. 46

nuklamolli, v. a. i. sing., to strangle; to
choke with food or drink.

nuklamolli, pp., strangled; choked.

nuklamollichi, v. t., to strangle; to
strangle another.

nuklinfa, v. a. i., to suffocate.

nuklinfa, pp. , suffocated.

nuklinm, v. t., to suffocate.

nukoa, nokoa, a., angry; mad; cross;
fierce; fiery; frantic; furious; huffy;
ill; ill natured; indignant; infuriate;
invidious; malicious; malign; malig
nant; morose; offensive; outrageous;
rabid; snappish; spiteful; spleeny;
sulky; sullen; surly; unpeaceable;
vexed; vindictive.

nukoa, nukowa, v. n., to be angry or
mad.

nukoa, v. a. i., to inflame; to leer;
to madden; to rage; to rankle; to
stomach; to storm; to tear; to vex.

nukoa, pp., maddened; chagrinned; en
raged; exasperated; fretted; incensed;
inflamed; offended; piqued; ruffled;
scandalized; provoked; iknukoo, a.,
unoff ended; unprovoked.

nukoa, v. t. with a pro. prefixed, as
fanukoa, to drive him; isuba innulcoa, to
rein a horse; akanka yan innukoa, to
drive away the fowls; innukoa, innukoa,
to be angry at him; to jaw; to rail; to
rate; to resent; to scold; to spite; to
bicker; to brawl; to quarrel; itinnukoa,
to be angry at each other; itinmikoa
shali, a., quarrelsome; innukoa, n., a
scolder.

nukoa, n., a teaser; a mad man.

nukoa, n., anger; madness; wrath;
choler; spite; malice; dudgeon; fierce
ness; lire; fren/y; fretfulness; fury;
gall; a grudge; heat; ill nature; ill
will; indignation; ire; mania; morose-
ness; offense; passion; a pet ; a pique;
rabidness; rage; scandal; spite; spleen;
spunk; stomach; vengeance; vexation;
wrath.

nukoa atapa, n., rancor.

nukoa atapa, a., rancorous.

nukoa banna, a., resentful.

nukoa fehna, a., wroth.

nukoa liinla, a., irritable.

nukoa keyu, a., wrathless.

nukoa okpulo, n., touchiness.

nukoa shall, a., choleric; very angry;
often angry; irascible; irritable; pas
sionate; perverse; pugnacious; refrac
tory; ticklish; touchy; vindictive;
waspish; wrathful.

nukoa shall, v. n., to be choleric.

nukoa shall, n., a madman; a madcap.

nukoachi, v. t., to madden; to make
mad; to chagrin; to anger; to disgust;
to displease; to enrage; to exasperate;
to fire; to fret; to incense; to inflame;
to infuriate; to irritate; to move, i. e.,
to irritate; to offend; to pique; to pro
voke; to ruffle; to scandalize; to trou
ble; to vex.

nukoachi, n., an offender; a provoker.

nukoachi, n., a provocation; vexation.

nukoat anumpuli, v. t., to grumble; to
talk madly; to chide; to rant.

nukoat anumpuli, n., a grumbler.

nukowa, see nukoa.

nukpaualli, a., nauseous.

nukpalli, n., excitement.

nukpalli, a., pp., interested; excited;
tempted; engaged; incited; enticed.

nukpalli, v. n., to be interested, excited,
or tempted; to lust after; innukpalli, to
lust after her, Matt. 5: 28.

nukpallichechi, v. t., to entice; to se
duce.

nukpallichechi, n., an enticer.

nukpallichi, v. t., to excite; to interest;
to tempt; to allure; to invite; to draw;
to entice; to lure.

nukpallichi, n., a provocation; tempta
tion.

nukpallichi, n., a tempter; a lure.

nukpoalli, v. a. i., to feel nausea; nuk-
poal/iclii, causing nausea.

nukpoallichi, v. t. causative.

nuksakki, v. a. i., to be choked, stran
gled in water, or drowned, Luke 8: 8.8.

nuksita, a., pp., hung by the neck with
a cord; suffocated; hanged.

nuksita, v. a. i., to hang by the neck.

nuksiteli, v. t., to hang; to suffocate;
to choke 'with a cord; to hang by the
neck, Josh. 8: 29; out ttenuksiteli, went
and hanged himself, Matt. 27: 5.

nuksiteli, n., a hangman; a hanger.

nuksitinfa, pp., hung.

nuksitiffi, v. t., to hang by the neck,
Gen. 40: 19.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXUUACE

285

nuksitoha, pp. pi., or nuksita, sing.,

hung,
nuksitoha, v. a. i. pi., to hang by the

neck.

nuksitoli, v. t. pi., to hang by the neck,
nukshachaiyakachi, v. a. i., to thrill,
nukshammi, nukshammi, a., hoarse;

affected with a cold; having a cold,
nukshammi, v. a. i., to be hoarse; to

have a cough,
nukshammichi, v. t. caus., to cause

hoarseness.
nukshiah [?]; itamikshinya [?], being

knotted or gnarled like tough wood.
nukshichaiakachi, v. a. i., to start and

tremble from fear.
nukshinn, v. t., to hang by the neck,

Matt. 27: 5; ilenukshinfi, to hang him
self, Matt. 27: 5; see nuksJiinlffi.
nukshikanli, a., pp., strangled with any

hot and pungent drink, as a decoction

of pepper; hot; suffocating.
nukshikanli, v. a. i., to tingle,
nukshikanli, v. n., to be hot and suf
focating; to smart in the throat; nuk-

shikashli, pi.
nukshikanlichi, v. t., to strangle; to

choke; to cause the sensation above

described; nukshikanshlichi, pi.
nukshikanshli, pp. pi., strangled; nuk
shikanli, sing.
nukshikiffi, a., hoarse,
nukshikim, n., hoarseness.
nukshila, a., dry; thirsty; having a dry

throat; a thirst; hoarse.
nukshila, v. n., to be dry, thirsty, etc.;

to be hoarse,
nukshila, n., thirst,
nukshilachi, v. t., to cause hoarseness

or thirst; v. i., to have the throat

stopped with a cold,
nukshinifa, v. a. i., to hang by the

neck.
nukshininfa, pp., hung by the neck;

having the breath stopped.
nukshininfa, n., asthma; phthisis,
nukshiniffi, nukshinn, v. t., to hang by

the neck; to choke; to afflict with the

asthma,
nukshitttimmi, v. a. i., to satisfy (simi-

ilar tofihopa).
nukshiwichi, n. , a throat filled up from a

cold,
nukshobba hinla, a., formidable*

nukshobli, v. t., to frighten; to scare;
to cow; to daunt; to dismay; to terrify;
to intimidate; ilennkshobli, to frighten
himself.

nukshobli, n., a frightener.

nukshoblichi, v. t. cans., to frighten;
to scare; to produce fear; to start; to
startle.

nukshompiksho, a., undaunted.

nukshompiksho, adv., fearlessly.

nukshopa, a., coy; afraid; scared; chick
en-hearted; dismayed; fearful; pusil
lanimous; shy; skittish; timid; timor
ous; wild; hachinukshopa clio? Matt.
8: 26; iknukshopo, fearless; unfeared;
unappalled.

nukshopa, v. n., to be afraid, Matt.
10: 26; 14: 5, 26, 27, 30; hachhtuksliopa
na, Luke 12: 4; v. a. i., to fear; to
shrink; to shudder; to shy, nuksJnnn]>nt
Luke 1: 65; itinnukshopa, to be afraid
of each other, or to fear each other.

nukshopa, pp., frightened; cowed;
daunted; intimidated; startled; terri
fied; appalled; afraid, Matt. 17: 6, 7.

nukshopa, adv., wildly.

nukshopa, n., fear; a fright; dread; pu
sillanimity; shyness; coyness; terror;
isht anukshopa, terror, Josh. 2: 9.

nukshopat illi, n., horror.

nukshopat wannichi, v. a. i., to quake;
to quake from fear.

nukshulla, a., having a wasting disease;
having the vitals destroyed.

nukshulla, n., a consumption; a pul
monary disease.

nuktaiyala, v. n., to be easy; to be
quiet.

nuktakali, v. a. i., to choke; to have
something lodged in the throat; to
throttle; nuktakoli, pi.

nuktakali, sing., nuktakoli, pi. n., a
choking.

nuktakali, sing., nuktakoli, pi., pp.,
choked; strangled.

nuktakali, v. t., v. a. i., to choke; to
strangle.

nuktakalichi, sing., nuktakolichi, pi., v.
t., to choke; to strangle.

nuktakat illi, v. a. i., to choke to death.

nuktakba, v. a. i., to pucker up, as the
mouth after eating unripe persimmons.

nuktalachi, v. t., to quiet; to calm; to
comfort; to heal the heart, Luke 4: 18.

286

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[BULL. 46

nuktalali, v. t., to quiet; to appease; to
allay; to sober; to calm; to soothe;
to assuage; to becalm; to compose; to
cool (the temper); to ease; to lull; to
mitigate; to moderate; to modify; to
mollify; to pacify; to propitiate; to si
lence; to solace; to still; to suppress;
to temper; to tranquilize.

nuktalali, n., a comforter; a quieter; a
soother; a moderator; a pacifier.

nuktalalichi, nuktalallichi, v. t., to
cause quietness, etc.; to lay; to allay;
to soothe.

nuktalalichi, n., a soother.

nuktaloli, v. t. pi., to quiet, etc.

nuktalolichi, v. t., to cause quietness.

nuktalali, v. t., to excite jealousy, Deut.
32: 21.

nuktanla, pp., tempered.

nuktanla, a., coy; dispassionate; grave;
modest; patient; peaceable; placid; ten
der; serious; sober; tranquil; urbane;
see nuktala.

nuktanla, v. a. i., to be cheerful, Matt.
14: 27.

nuktanla, n., patience; sobriety; tem
perance; "peace," Acts 10: 36.

nuktanla iksho, a., impatient.

nuktanlat, adv., tranquilly.

nuktala, v. n., to be quiet.

nuktala, n., sedateness, softness, still
ness, quietness; a calm; contentment;
patience; a mitigation; moderation;
relief; iknuktalo, n., impatience.

nuktala, nuktala, v. a. i., to become
quiet, peaceful, sober (liash ilenuktan-
lashke},to cool; to lull; to moderate; to
relax; to soften; nuktanla, n. f. ; v. a. i.,
to pause; to subside; to be cheerful,
Matt. 14: 27; nuklaiyala; ilenuktala.

nuktala, a., unruffled; harmless; quiet;
sober; patient; calm; considerate; con
tented; cool, as to mind or feelings; pa
cific; sedate; pp., allayed; quieted;
sobered; calmed; becalmed; subdued;
composed; conciliated; cooled; lulled;
mitigated ; m< (derated ; pacified ; relaxed ;
solaced; soothed; stayed; stilled; unre
lieved; nuktdiyala, Matt. 10: 16; iknuk-
tafo, a., impatient.

nuktalahe keyu, a., implacable.

nuktallachi, n., relief.

nuktala, a., jealous; suspicious; preju
diced.

nuktala, v. n., to be jealous; v. a. i., to
mistrust.

nuktala, n., jealousy.

nuktala; innuktanla, to beware of, Matt.
16:6.

nuktala keyu, a., unprejudiced.

nuktik ahchi, n., some noise described
by nutik.

nuktilefa, v. a. i., to choke.

nuktilefa, pp., choked.

nuktiliffi, v. t., to choke, Matt. 18: 28.

nuktimekachi, nuktimikachi, v. a. i.,
to beat; to pulsate, as the heart or pulse.

nuktimekachi, n., a pulsation.

nuktimichi, v. a. i., to palpitate quickly;
cJii(nkash at nuktimichi.

nukwai iksho, see nukwia iksho.

nukwaya, v. a. i., to shun, Acts 20: 27.

nukwamakachi, sense of internal heat.

nukwannichi, v. a. i., to tremble through
fear.

nukwannichi, n., a trembling.

nukwi iksho, see nukwia iksho.

nukwia, n., diffidence; mistrust; pusil
lanimity; scruple.

nukwia, a., diffident; pusillanimous; shy;
timid; timorous; afraid to venture;
afraid to do something; fearful.

nukwia, v. n., v. a. i., to be afraid; to be
timid; to doubt, Matt. 1: 20; to misgive;
to mistrust; to scruple; to shrink; to
stagger; innukwia, to be afraid of him;
to be timid before him.

nukwia, n., a sh linker; a starter.

nukwia iksho, nukwai iksho, nuk
wi iksho, a., courageous; hardy; in
trepid; resolute; undaunted; unem
barrassed; valiant; valorous.

nukwia iksho, n., hardihood; hardi
ness; temerity; valor.

nukwia iksho, nukwai iksho, v. n., to
be without fear; to be courageous; to
dare; to venture, Josh. 1: 6, 9, 18.

nukwia iksho, a., audacious; bold; brave ;
undaunted.

nukwia iksho, n., boldness.

nukwiachi, v. t., to render timid; to
produce fear; to stagger.

nukwiloha, v. n., to be sad, sorrowful,
just ready to weep.-— J. K. D wight.

nukwimekachi, v. a. i., to shake or
tremble; to palpitate, as after an effort
at running.

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A DICTIONARY OF THE CITOCTAW LANGUAGE

287

nukwimekachi, n., a palpitation; an
agitation of the heart, after violent run
ning.

nuna, v. a. i., to cook; to bake; to ripen;
to mellow.

nuna, a., mature; ripe; mellow.

nuna, pp., cooked in boiling water;
baked; roasted; done; boiled; matured;
iknuno, a., not cooked; unripe; imma
ture; crude; heavy; not well baked.

nuna, n., maturity; ripeness.

nuna atapa, a., overdone.

nunachechi, v. t., to cause to ripen, or
bake, etc.

nunachi, v. t., to cook; to ripen; to bake;
to enripen; to mellow.

nusachaya, from nusi and achaya, a.,
sleepy; wanting to sleep.

nusapi, nusasapi (pi.), n., an oak; a
black-oak tree; a red oak.

nusechi, v. t., to cause sleep; to throw
into a sleep; to bring on sleep.

nusechi, n., a soporific.

nuseka, n., a dreamer; a fortune teller.

nusi, v. a. i., to sleep; to doze; to repose;
to kennel; to drowse; to rest; to roost;
to slumber; sanusi, nuseli, I sleep;
anusi, to sleep at or there, Josh. 2: 1;
nusitukosh okcha, to awake from sleep;
nusi hosh itonlatok, he was asleep, Matt,
8: 24.

nusi, n., an acorn; a black-oak acorn;
mast; nusi hata, nusi lakna, nusi noti;
nusushi, nusinoti, nusi shaub/a, water
oak resembling chilhpatha.

nusi, n., a sleeper; a slumberer.

nusi, 11., sleep; rest; repose; refresh
ment; a slumber; -iknuso, n., a watch;
forbearance of sleep.

nusi, n., a sleep; a measure of time, being
one day or 24 hours.

nusi, a., dormant; iJcnuso, restless; with
out sleep.

nusi, adv., asleep.

nusi banna, a., somnolent; sleepy.

nusi fehna, n., lethargy.

nusi iskitini, n., a nap; iskitini nusi, v.
a. i., to nap.

nusilhha, n., stupor; drowsiness; torpor.

nusilhha, a., sleepy; drowsy; dull; le
thargic; somnolent; torpid.

nusilhha, v. n., to be sleepy or drowsy.

nusilhha, v. a. i., to doze; to drowse.

nusilhhachi, v. t., to drowse; to make
one sleepy.

nusilhhachi, n., a soporific; an anodyne.

nusit illi, a., fast asleep; v. n., to be fast
asleep.

nusolba, a., sleepy; adv., sleepily.

nushkobo, noshkobo, nishkobo, n., a
head; the head; the pate; a poll; the
top; the vertex; yamnxt nosliko^o, his
head, Matt. 14: 11; Josh. 2: 19; Matt.
6: 17; 10: 30; 14: 8, 10; nosltkobo </«*,
his head; Matt. 8: 20; the pommel (of
a saddle), Josh. 11: 10.

nushkobo atobbi, n., a capitation; a poll
tax; a tax; a tribute, Josh. 1(5: 10.

nushkobo atobbi onuchi, v. t., to tax;
to lay a poll tax.

nushkobo atobbichi, v. t., to put to
tribute, Josh. 17: 13.

nushkobo beka, a., bareheaded.

nushkobo beka, v. n., to be bare
headed.

nushkobo chumpa, n., tribute; a poll
tax; a per capita, Matt. 17: 25.

nushkobo fochonli, nushkobo fach-
onli, 11., dandruff.

nushkobo foka, n., a headstall.

nushkobo foni, n., the skull; the cra
nium.

nushkobo foni aiitachakalli, n., a su
ture, the seam or joint which unites
the bones of the skull.

nushkobo hakshup, n., the pate.

nushkobo hotupa, n., the headache.

nushkobo hotupa ahammi, n., cam
phor.

nushkobo ikbi, v. t., to make a head;
to head.

nushkobo ikbi, n., a header.

nushkobo isht chumpa, n., tribute,
Mark 12: 14.

nushkobo isht shema, n., a headdress;
an ornament for the head.

nushkobo isht talakchi, n., a head
band.

nushkobo iyafunfo, n., the crown of the
head; the place where the hair grows
in a circle on the top of the head.

nuskobo lachowa, n., scald head.

nushkobo tabokaka, n., the pan; the
top of the head; the pate.

nushkobo tabli, v. t., to behead; to de
capitate; to head.

nushkobo tabli, n., one who beheads.

nushkobo tapa, pp., beheaded; decapi
tated; decollated.

nushkobo tapa, n., a head severed from
the bodv.

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nushkoboka, n.; the head, Josh. 11: 10;

14: 1; noahkobonhunka.
nuta, nota, adv., under; below; beneath.

See 1 Tim. 6: 1; abolia nuta, under the

room,
nuta, v. n., to be below, under; aiimpa

nnta, aboha nunta, ilaiasha nani nuta;

nunta in Klit ako™ nunta, under Crete.

Acts 27: 7; nuta, nota, n.
nutachanha, n., a large centipede,
nutaka, n . , the space below ; a state of su b-

jection; the under side, Mark 12: 10, 11;

Josh. 7: 21; beneath, Josh. 2: 11; in

subjection, Matt. 8: 9.
nutaka, v. a. i., to be subdued, Josh.

18:1; ishnutakahe keyu, Deut. 28: 13.
nutaka, a., nether; under foot; prep.,

under; adv., underneath; below,
nutaka ansha, a., subject; being under,
nutaka ansha, n., subjection,
nutaka boh, v. t., to underlay,
nutaka fehna, a., undermost,
nutaka ia, n., subjection,
nutaka ia, v. t., to submit; to come un
der; to go beneath,
nutaka ia, v. a i., to quail; to succumb;

to surrender; to truckle; to yield,
nutaka ia, n., submission,
nutaka iahe keyu, a., uncontrollable;

unyielding.

nutaka yakni kulli, v. t. , to undermine,
nutakachi, nutakachi, v. t., to cause

to go under; to put beneath, Josh.

17: 13; aiimpa yan natakachit boli.
nutakbalankchi, n., gums; the hard

fleshy substance of the jaws which in
vests the teeth.

nutakbalankchi offo, n., the lam pas.
nutakfa, n., the chin; the jaw; the chap;

the jowl,
nutakfa foni, n., the jawbone; the chin

bone.
nutakfaisht atapachi, n., a curb chain;

a curb strap.

nutakfa isht talakchi, n. , a throat-latch,
nutakhish, n., the beard; a whisker,
nutakhish isht sliafa, nutakhisht

shanfa, n., a razor,
nutakhisht shanfa ahalapuchi, n., a

razor strop; a razor hone,
nutakhisht shanfa ashuahchi, n., a

razor hone; a hone.

o is a longer vowel than u, and when the
sound is contracted u is heard; as hak-
lo, haklot, haklut; haponaklo, haponak-
lot, haponaklut.

o, oh, on; this is used as the verb "to be"
in the 3d person, or as an impersonal
verb; oh is a stronger form of expres
sion, as iksho hohmali; katima ishia hoh
clio?; this word has puzzled many in
terpreters; o, to be; oh, it is; o^, being;
o is often added to some of the particles
to make them more distinctive, as hokat,
hokato. The forms of particles begin
ning with o are here inserted so that the
law of euphony may be learned: ocha —
oka — okaka — okakano — okakant — oka-
kanto — okakat — okakato — okakJt e — okak-
heno—okakhet — okakhcto — okakkia — oka-
ko, Matt. 8: 27; hatak katiohmi hatuk
okako, what manner of man? — okako-
cha — okakona — okakoxli — okakot — okano,
okano — okat — okato — okc — okia — okomo,
a particle used at the end of a sentence,
meaning it was so; remote past tense —
okono, same as; it is so; it was, but re
cently — ona — osh — ot.

on, an auxiliary verb; chukowaheon ke-
yushke, enter shall is not, Matt. 7:21; or
it may designate the act chukowa, enter
shall that not.

on, a particle, in the obj. case, cf. osh and
ot, whom, which, that.

on, an art. , meaning a or an usually and
used indefinitely; peni on, a ship, Matt.
9: 1; see ho.

on, on; after; aionJiikia, to stand on, upon;
onhikia, Matt. 10: 30; onhilechi, to set
on, Matt. 4: 5.

obala, n., the breech; the hind legs; the
buttock; the fundament.

obala, a., behind.

obala foka, n., a pantaloon; pantaloons;
breeches; trousers; drawers; overalls;
hose.

obala foka isht halalli, obala foka isht
talakchi, n., suspenders; braces.

obachoshuli, n., the hip joint where the
thigh bone enters the socket of the hip
bone.

obalaka, adv., behind; olbalaka, Luke 2:
43.

obalh kanali, v. a. i., to move backward.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

289

obalhpela, adv., backward; behind.

obi, iyubi, n., the thigh; a ham.

ochi, ohchih, v. t., to draw water; to dip
up water with a bucket at a wrell,
spring, stream, or pond; to draw, Josh.
9: 21; ushtia, to go after water; usht
alia, to bring water; pola^ka oyochi,
she has gone after water at length;
ohunchi, freq.; oyochi, pro.

ochi, n. , a drawer of water.

oe, int., pshaw.

ofanusi, n., a kennel for dogs.

offo, v. a. L, v. t., to spring up, Matt.
13: 26; to grow; to sprout; to chick; to
grow, in the early stages of growing; to
come up; to germinate; to rise; to
shoot; to spire; to sprout; to vegetate;
to spring; also in later stages, thus,
tanchi at chahat taha, Hi at chitot is/if ia.

offo, n., a growth; the growing; a chit;
a scion; a shoot; a springing; a sprout.

off ochi, v. t., to cause to grow; umba
Jcat tanchi an offoclii, aba pinki at nana
putaka offochi chatok; offohonchi, freq.

ofi, n., a dog; a cur; a spaniel.

ofi ch.uk atta, n., a house dog.

ofi haksobish falaia, n., a hound.

ofi. hasimbish inhina, ofi hasimbish
tapa inhina, n., the milky way; the
galaxy.

ofi hata kolofa, 11., the milky way; the
galaxy.

ofi. holba, a., canine; doglike; like a
dog; doggish.

ofi h,olba, v. n., to be canine.

ofi holilabi, n., a mad dog.

ofi inchuka, ofinchuka, n., a kennel.

[ofi inhoshuwa, n., the nightshade. —
H. S. H.]

ofi isht lioli, v. t., to hound; to chase
with dogs.

ofi nakni, n., a male dog; a dog.

ofi palhki, n., a grayhound; a spry dog.

ofi puta, n., the dogs, Matt. 7: 6.

ofi tasembo, n., a mad dog; a rabid dog.

ofi tek, n., a female dog; a bitch; a slut,

ofi tohbi inhina, n. , the milky way.

ofunlo, n., a screech owl.

ofunsik, n., a puppy; a whelp.

ofunsikcheli, v. t., to pup; to puppy.

ofushi, n., a puppy; a whelp.

oh, see ho.

oh., auxiliary verb; chatuk oh cho? Matt.
7: 16; ok oh Ha, Matt. 8:10.

84339"— r>u11. 40 — 15— U>

oh, imp. mood, 2d per. pi. before vowels,
as ohia, go ye, Matt. 2: 8.

oh, part., Mad oUa ak oh kid, Matt. 8:10;
tuk oh cho? Matt. 14: 31.

ohchih, see ochi.

ohhoh, interjection of surprise at some
thing new, oh!

ohrni, a., like; resembling.

ohmi, v. n., to be like or resembling,
Josh. 7: 21.

ohrni, n., likeness.

ohmichi, ohmihchi, v. t, , to make a like
ness; to cause it to resemble.

onholisso, n., an inscription.

ohoyo, ahoyo, n., a woman; a dame; a
lady; a female, Matt. 5: 2S; a wife; a
handmaid, Luke 1: 38; pi., women;
oJtoyo hon, women, Matt. 11: 11; 14: 21 ;
ohoyo ma, Matt. 15: 28.

ohoyo aiomanili, n., a pillion; a wo
man's seat; a cushion for a woman to
ride on behind a person on horseback.

ohoyo asanonchi, n., a matron.

ohoyo alia eshi apistikeli, 11., a mid
wife.

ohoyo bishlichi, n., a milkmaid.

ohoyo chito, n., a large woman; a virago.

ohoyo chuka pelichi, n., a housewife;
a mistress.

ohoyo haksi, n., a hussy.

ohoyo haloka, n., a mother-in-law; see
haloka.

ohoyo hatak ikhalelo, n., a virgin.

ohoyo haui, n., a lewd woman; a harlot,
Josh. 2: 1; a strumpet; a prostitute; a
wench; a whore.

ohoyo haui aiasha, n., a bawdy house;
a brothel; a bad house.

ohoyo himmita, n., a young woman;
a young lady; a lass; a damsel; a vir
gin, Luke 1: 27; a girl; a maid; a
maiden.

ohoyo himmita okpani, v. t., to de
flower.

ohoyo himmitasi, n., a young girl; a
very young woman; himmitasi means
of an age younger than himmita.

ohoyo himmithoa, n. pi., young women.

ohoyo himmitushi, n., a very young
woman, under ten years of age.

ohoyo hokli, n., a rape.

ohoyo holba, a., effeminate; like a
woman; womanish.

290

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ohoyo holisso ithananchi, n., an in
structress.

ohoyo holisso pisachi, n., a mistress; a
school mistress; a school dame.

ohoyo hoponi, n., a kitchen maid.

ohoyo inhatak, n., a husband; lit., a
woman's man.

ohoyo inhatak illi, n., a widow, Luke
4: 25.

ohoyo ikhananchi, n., a tutoress.

ohoyo imalia, n., a whore master; a
whoremonger.

ohoyo imissa, n., a testatrix.

ohoyo imisht ilonhoshontikachi, n.,
a parasol; a lady's parasol.

ohoyo inna foka, n., a lady's garment; a
mantua.

ohoyo inna foka ikbi, n., a mantua
maker.

ohoyo inna foka lumbo, n., a chemise;
a shift.

ohoyo ipetachi, v. t., to celebrate a mar
riage; to salute a bride; to marry.

ohoyo ipetachi, n., a marriage, John
2:2; nuptials; a wedding.

ohoyo ipinshik, n., a woman's breast; a
pap.

ohoyo inshapo, n., a lady's bonnet; a
calash.

ohoyo inshapo ikbit kanchi, n., a mil
liner.

ohoyo isht ahollo, n., a hag; a shrew;
a witch.

ohoyo isht atiaka, n., womankind.

ohoyo itihalallichi, n., a wedding.

ohoyo kasheho, n., an aged woman; an
aged female; an old wife.

ohoyo keyu chohmi, a., unwomanly.

ohoyo litiha, n., a slattern; a slut.

ohoyo makali, n., a jade; a despised
woman.

ohoyo minko, n., a princess; a queen;
an empress, Matt. 12: 42; 1 Kings 11: 19.

ohoyo na foka ikbi, n., a tailoress.

ohoyo nanachefa, n., a washerwoman;
a laundress.

ohoyo nan achunli, n., a seamstress; a
tailoress.

ohoyo nan apesa, n., a directress.

ohoyo nan inhoyo, n., a waiting maid.

ohoyo nukoa, n., a mad woman* a ter
magant; a shrew; a scold.

ohoyo owatta, n., a huntress.

ohoyo pisa aiukli, n., a fair; a fair wo
man; the female sex.

ohoyo sipokni, n., an old lady.

ohoyo tashka, n., a warrioress.

ohoyo tonksali, n., a laboring woman;
a maid servant; a serving maid.

ohoyo yuka, n., a bond woman; a bond
maid; a female captive; a female pris
oner.

ohoyohmi, a., feminine.

ohpi, see hopi and opi.

ohulmo, pp., covered; sheltered.

ohulmochi, v. t., to cover; to cause to
be covered; tanchi an ohulmochi, aboha
yan ohulmochi.

oiya, oia, v. t., to ascend; to go up; to
mount; to back (a horse); to climb,
Matt. 5: 1; 14: 23; 15: 29; 17: 1; Josh.
6: 5; to run up; to scale; to get on; to
arise; to rise; hatak at nani han oiya;
shaui at iti anoiya; isht oiya, to take up,
Matt, 4: 8.

oiya, n., ascent; a mounter; one who as
cends; a climber; a rise: a rising.

oiyachi, v. t., to cause to ascend; to tree;
fani yan iti oiyachi, or fani yan iti aboi-
yachi, to compel a squirrel to ascend a
tree.

ok, from oh, the verbal o, and /;, determi
native. See hok and compounds. Com
pounds are: okakanto, art, pro., the,
Matt. 18: 7, distinctive from other ob
jects — akakan (Ishmayabi used this
form) — okma, used for whether; lit., if
so, or then if so, see Mark 2: 9; Matt,
15: 4, 5; derived from o, the auxiliary
verb, affirmative, k, the demonstrative
art. pro., and ma, the additional defi
nite; wrhen that is then, if that is then —
okano, distinctive article in the obj.
case, showing a contrast or comparison;
ilappak okano, Matt. 11: 16; nitak okano,
Matt. 5: 43; 11: 22; 18: 7; nom. case,
okato, Matt. 6:2; 12: 31 , 32; Josh. 2:4;
okmak ohmak — okmaka — okmakano —
okmakato — okmakhe — okmakheno — ok-
makhet, especially that, by way of a dis
paraging comparison — • okmakhetn —
okmakon — okmakorJta — okmakoka — ok
mak okano — okmakokat — okmakokatf> —
okrnakoke — okmakokia — okmakona —
okmakosh — okmakot — okmano, okmano —
okmat — okmato.

BYINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

291

oka, n., water; aqua; liquor; a liquid;

whisky; wet; ardent spirits; oJca ya™,

the water, Matt. 14: 28; oka isliko, to

drink liquor; oka kapassaishko, to drink

cold water.
oka abicha, n., a tap hole; a tunnel; a

funnel; a faucet; a waterspout; a spout

for water,
oka abicha isht amkama, n., a spigot;

a tap; a spile; a cork; a stopple.
oka abicha isht shana, n., a tap that

is put in with a screw or that has a

screw on one end.
oka abicheli, n., a cock; a brass cock; a

conduit.
oka aialaka, n., a shore; a coast; haiyip

oka aialaka; okhata oka aialaka; okhina

oka aialaka.

oka aiabi, oka aiillichi, v. t., to drown.
oka aialhto, n., a tub; a water-trough; a

cistern; a vat; a water-piggin; a pitcher.
oka aialhto chito, n., a tank.
oka aiilli, v. a. i. , to drown.
oka aiishko, n ., a tippling house; a gro
cery [groggery?].
oka aiyanalli, n., a channel; a water

channel.

oka akanchi, n., a tap house.
oka alaka, n., a shore; a coast, Luke

5:3; haiyip alaka; okhina alaka.
oka anlhto, n., apiggin.
oka alibisha, n., a skillet.
oka atalaia, n., a pool; a reservoir.
oka ayanalli,n., a sluice; a water furrow.
oka alhto, n., a water-pot; a water- ves
sel, John 2: 6.
oka all, okali, n., the water-edge; shore,

Matt. 13: 2.

oka banapa, v. a. i., to overflow.
oka banapa, pp., overflowed.
oka banatha, n., a surge; a wave; a

billow; a swell; oka banatha kqt, the

waves, Matt. 8: 24.
oka banathat anya, v. a. i., to surge;

to wave.
oka bananya, n. pi., waves; surges;

billows.
oka bicheli, n., a butler, Gen. 40: 1; a

tapster.

oka bikeli, v. a. i., to flow, as tide water,
oka bikeli, pp., deluged; overflowed.
oka bikeli, n., back water; tide water;

an inundation; a deluge.
oka bikeli, v, a. i., to ebb.

oka bikelichi, v. t., to deluge; to over
flow.

oka bikelichi, v. t., to cause the water to
flow in or set back.

oka chopa, n. , a cascade.

oka falama, pp., deluged; overflowed.

oka falama, n., back water; a deluge;
the deluge; a flood; the flood.

oka falama chito, n., the deluge, Gen.
7: 6.

oka fohopa, n., a fall.

oka foyuha, n., a whirlpool.

oka foyuha, okfoyulli, v. a. i., to whirl,
as water; okfoyullit oklobushlichi, to draw
into a whirlpool; to suck in.

oka foyulli, okfoyulli, n., a whirlpool;
an eddy; a vortex.

oka foyulli, v. a. i., to whirl, as water.

oka fulush, n., a fresh-water clam; a
clam.

oka fulush hakshup, n., a clamshell.

oka hafeta, v. a. i., to cave in, as the
bank of a water course.

oka haksi, a., drunk; drunken; inebri
ated; intoxicated.

oka haksi, v. n., to be drunk.

oka haksi, n., drunkenness; ebriety; in
ebriation; intoxication.

oka hauashko, n., vinegar; wine; sour
water; cider.

oka hapi, hapi oka, n., saltwater; brine.

oka hapi yammi, n., a pickle.

oka hapi yammi fohki, v. t., to pickle.

oka hinka, v. a. i., to be in water.

oka holba, a., watery.

oka homahonni, n. , a distillery.

oka homatoba, oka homiatoba, n., a
distillery.

oka homi, okhomi, oke homi, n.,
liquor; spirit; ardent spirits; distilled
liquor of all kinds, called rum, gin,
brandy, whisky, alcohol; high wines;
aqua vit?e; bitter water; acrid water.

oka homi ahalaia, a., spirituous.

oka homi bikobli, n., a rum bud.

oka homi ikbi, v. t., to distill spirits; to
manufacture ardent spirits; to still.

oka homi ikbi, n., a distiller.

oka homi nanabli achafa, n., a dram;
a swallow of spirits.

oka homi oka ibalhto, n., grog.

oka humma, n., red water; Red river.

oka hushi, n. , waterfowl.

oka inhina, n., a water furrow.

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oka illi, v. a. i., to drown; see oka aiille,
ai oka illi t Matt, 18: 6.

oka ipeta, v. t., to water.

oka isht alhpisa, n., a measure; a liquid
measure; a gallon.

oka isht bicha, n., a tap; a brass cock.

oka isht bicheli, n., a brass cock; a tap
hole; a spout for water; a tunnel; a fun
nel; a faucet.

oka isht ochi, n., a water-bucket; a pig-
gin; a can; a^water-pot.

oka isht okissa, pp. , baptized with water.

oka isht okissa, n., baptism.

oka isht okissachi, v. t,, to baptize.

oka isht taka, n., a scoop.

oka kaha, v. a. i., to lie in water, Matt.
8: 32.

oka kaiya, okaiya, v. a. i., to fill with
•water, as the ground receives water.

oka kaiya, pp., filled with water; soft
ened by water, as the earth.

oka kaiyachi, v. t., to soften with water;
to fill with water.

oka kapassa,n., cold water; fresh water;
cool water.

oka kania, v. a. i., to mire; to drown;
to sink, Matt. 14: 30.

oka kaniachi, v. t., to mire.

oka lahba, n., lukewarm water; tepid
water.

oka lapalika, n., the waterside.

oka laua, a., sloshy.

oka lashpa, n., hot water; okalqsJipa on-
latqbli, v. t., to scald; oka laslqm onla-
1ap<i, pp., scalded.

oka libesha, n., warm water.

oka luak, oke luak, n. , ardent spirits ; lit. ,
fire water, an early name for spirits.

Oka lusa, Oke lusa, n., name of a creek;
name of a Roman Catholic priest.

oka lanya, n., a slop; spilt water; slosh.

oka lobukachi, v. a. i., to douse.

oka mali, n., the south; lit., the water
wind, Matt. 12: 42.

oka mali, a., south.

oka mali, v. n., to be south.

oka mali hashi aiokatula itintakla,
a., southwest.

oka mali hashi akuchaka itintakla,
a., southeast.

oka mali imma, adv., southward: south
erly.

oka mali mali, n., the south wind.

oka xnah pila, adv., southward; south
erly; toward the south; southern.

oka mali pilla, adv., at the south; in the
south.

oka nowa, okokanowa, v. a. i., to wade
in the water; to walk in the water.

oka nowa, n., a wading.

oka ont alaka, n., the shore; the coast;
a beach; a strand; the water-edge.

oka panki, oka pankki, n., wine; grape
water, Matt. 9: 17; 11: 19; oka pa^ki
pqska nan isht qllipisa qpa, to commune
at the Lord's table.

oka panki aialhto, n., a wine cask.

oka panki aiishko, n., a wine glass.

oka panki humma, n., red wine; port
wine; claret wine.

oka panki ishko shati, n., a wine bib
ber.

oka panki kanchi, n., a wine merchant.

oka piakachi, v. a. i., to run in waves;
to wave, as water in large waves; ivis-
akqchi (q. v. ), to run in small waves.

oka piakachi, pp., made to wave; agi
tated, as water.

oka pit afohopa, v. a. i., to fall, as wa
ter; to roar, as falling water.

oka pit afohopa, n., a cascade; a water
fall.

oka pit akinafa, n., a cascade; a water
fall.

oka pit akinifa, v. a. i., to fall, as water.

oka poakachi, v. a. i., to run in large
waves; to wave.

oka poakachi, pp., made to run in large
waves.

oka pokafa, v. t., to dash water.

oka pokpokechi, to cause the water to
foam.

oka pokpoki, v. a. i., to foam.

oka pokpoki, n., foam; surf.

oka sita, n., the edge of the water; the
water-edge.

oka takba, n., astringent water; bitter
water.

oka talaia, n., a puddle; standing water.

oka talali, v. t., to settle a liquid; to
cause to sink or go down in a liquid.

oka tanch afotoha, n., a water mill.

oka tala, v. a. i., to subside, as water; to
settle, as a liquid; to fall to the bottom
of liquor.

oka tala, pp., settled.

oka toba, v. a. i., to water.

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A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

293

oka toba, a., watery.

oka tobli, v. t., to launch; to push into
the water.

oka tobli, n., a launch.

oka umba, okumba, n., rainwater.

oka wisakachi, v. a. i., to wave in small
waves; sinti at ayakma oka yat wisakachi.

oka wisakachi, pp., made to wave.

oka yanallipalhki, n., a rapid; rapids;
a torrent.

Okahpa, n., the name of a tribe called
Quapaw.

Okahpa okhina, n., the Arkansas River.

okaiya, see oka kahja.

okak, 11., a swan.

okak ushi, n., a young swran; a cygnet;
a swan's egg.

okaloli, v. t. , to twist and break bushes,
as a bull with his horns.

okarni, v. t., to wash the face, i. e., one's
own face; okamali, I wash my face.

okamichi, v. t., to wash the face of an
other; alia yan okamichili, I wash the
child's face.

okashalayi; oka shalali, v. t., to wallow;
to besmear, 2 Sain. 20: 12.

[okataktak, n., the shitepoke; the
American green heron. — H. S. H.]

okatonoli, v. a, i., to welter.

okatula, v. a. i., to settle; to sink to the
bottom in a fluid; to fall in water; to
set; to go down, as the sun.

okachi, v. t., to water; to let into the
water, John 20: 6 [?]; pass., ulhkachi,
to be watered or soaked; from okat
John 21: 6; Matt. 4: 18; 13: 47; cast
into (the sea); Matt. 17: 27; seeokkachi.

okataha, v. a. i., to descend, Josh. 7:5;
Gen. 24:45; okattahha, afternoon; ok-
atahaka, descent, Deut. 9: 21; see John
6: 16.

okatanowa, v. a. i., to descend, Luke
19: 37.

okattula, v. t., v. a. i., to fall into the
water; to plunge into water or any
liquid; pinti at bila kia pishukchi kla
okattula chatuk; to set, as the sun, Josh.
10: 27; see okatula.

okattula, n., a plunge; a fall into a
liquid; one who falls.

okbano, would God, Josh. 7:7; see Jiok-
bano.

okbal, adv., in the rear: behind: back
wards; hind; hinder; see ukhal and
ulbal; obalaka, rearward.

okbal, n., the rear.

okbilhlia, v. i., to sink in water like a
boat ready to fill, Luke 5: 7.

okbililli, a., in water swimming deep.

okbillichi, v. t., to make it swimming
deep.

okbileli, v. a. i., the eyes stand out, Ps.
73: 7.

okbusha, pp., wrung out; water wrung
out.

okbushli, v. t., to wring out water;
nafoka oklmsldi; nafohka diokbiislut.

okcha, v. a. i., to wake; to awake; v. n.,
to be awake; to cheer; to rouse; to
watch; ntisi ink oxh okcli<i.

okcha, a., pp., awake; aroused; awaked;
enlivened; excited; flush; incited; in
spirited; refreshed; roused; stimulated;
vigilant; vivid; vivacious; volatile;
wakeful; wakened ikokclto, a, un-
awaked.

okcha, n., wakefulness; recreation; re
freshment; vigilance; vivacity; watch.

okchaclii, v. t., to awaken, John 11: 11.

okchaha, pp., hoed; broken up, as land;
cut up, as grass, with a hoe.

okchaha, n., the ground thus hoed.

okchank, n., a muskmelon.

okchank balama, n., a muskmelon.

okchank holba, n., a cucumber.

okchakalbi, a., blue; purple; greenish;
okchakolba, probably from okchako and
holba.

okchanki, a., green, as newly cut wood,
not as a color; raw, 1 Sam. 2: 15; fresh;
rare; crude; alive, as a tree; unripe, as
fruit; live; n't pi okclianki, iti okchanki,
shukshi at okchanki, takkon at okchanki;
iti at okchanki on, Luke 23: 31. In
2 Sam. 18: 14 okchanki is applied to
Absalom, as a man alive, but it is usu
ally applied to things, as iti okchanki,
nipi okchanki.

okchanki, v. n., to be green, raw, fresh,
unripe; okchanki, v. a. i. to live, as a
tree; okchanki, n., rawness.

okchakkuchi, v. n., to be green, or
greenish, like an unripe peach.

okchako, n., blue.

okchako, a., blue.

okchako, okchakko. v. n., to be blue.

okchako, pp., dyed blue; colored blue.

okchakochi, v. t., to blue; to color blue;
to dve blue.

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okchalechi, v. t., to stimulate; to stir;
to vivificate; to cause to awake; to en
liven; to prompt; to reanimate; to
vivify; alia yqt saiokchalechi; tanampo
tukqjfi cha saiokchalechi.

okchalechi, n., a stimulant.

okchali, v. t., to excite.

okchalinka, n., salvation, Luke 3: 6.

okchalinchi, v. t., to save; to rescue;
to deliver from danger, sickness, death,
punishment, etc.; to conserve; to pre
serve; to protect; ilokchalinchi, to save
himself, Luke 23: 35; ishpiokchalincha-
shke, do thou save us, Matt. 8: 25; si-
okchalinchi, save me, Matt. 14: 30; 18:
11; Josh. 2: 13; 8: 22.

okchalinchi, n, a savior; a deliverer; a
saver.

okchalinchi, n., salvation.

okchah", v. t., to break up ground for
planting with a hoe (as some poor
families do) ; to hoe.

okchali, n., one who breaks up land
with a hoe; a hoer.

okchali chi, v. t., to cause one to break
up land with a hoe.

okchamali, n., green; blue; gray; green
ness; the rust on copper called verdi
gris; verdure; okchamashli, pi.

okchamali, a. , green ; blue ; gray ; verdant ;

okchamashli, pi.
okchamali, v. n., to be green or blue;

okchamcishli, pi.
okchamali, v. a. i., to rust, as copper; to

turn green.
okchamali, pp., dyed green; colored

green; okchamashli, pi.
okchamali bilia, a., evergreen,
okchamali bilia, n., an evergreen,
okchamalichi, v. t., to color green or

blue; to corrode, as copper; okcha-

mqshlichi, pi.

okchanawisha, n., an icicle,
okchanlush, n., a small blue bird,
okchanlush chito, n., a peacock, 1

Kings 10: 22.

okchanlush chito hoshinshi, n., a pea
cock feather.

okchapassi, okchapansi, n., a shoal,
okchauabi, a., sizy, like thick soap,
okchauwi, okshauwi, v. a. i., to be

watery, like tanfula.

okchawaha, n., a shoal, or watery, like
tfinfula before it is thickened.

okchanya, a., alive; living; animate; live;
Chihowa okchaftya, living God, Matt. 16:
16; John 4: 10; Josh. 3: 10; 8: 23.

okchanya, v. n., to be alive; to live.

okchanya, v. a. i., to live; to quicken;
to quick; to subsist; chiokclianya, Josh.
1: 5; aiokchanya, to live by, Matt. 4: 4;
aiokchanya, life, Matt. 7: 14.

okchanya, pp., made alive; saved alive;
delivered; protected; quickened; re
suscitated; saved; hatakmomaokchanya-
he achi, n., a universalist.

okchanya, n., life; time; mokchanyn, life;
hqchiaiokc?ianya, your life, Matt. 6: 25.

okchanya hinla, a., salvable.

okchanya takla, n., life; time.

okchanyachi, v. t., to cause to live; to
quicken; to raise, as from the dead; to
resuscitate; to revive.

okchanyachi, ii.,.a preserver of life; a
quickener.

okchanyachi, n., a raising.

okchalabi, v. n., to be thick like soap.

okchali, okchalli, v. t., to awake, Matt.
8: 25; to waken; to wake; to inspirit;
to incite; to excite; tore-create; to re
fresh; to rouse; differs from okchali or
okchalili, to dig up ground for planting.

okchali, n., a waker; a wakener.

okchala, n., the small blackbird with a
red spot on his wings; halan, the large
blackbird.

okchala chito, n., a large carnivorous
bird; the loon.

okchi, n., broth; juice; sap; water; ooze.

okchilabi, v. a. i., to thrust out the
tongue.

okchilabi, n., one who thrusts out the
tongue.

okchilaklali, v. a. i. pi., to thrust out
the tongue.

okchilaklali, n., those who thrust out
their tongues, or the acts in so doing.

okchilaua, a., sappy; juicy.

okchiloha, n., a wren; name of a small
bird; see chUolm.

okchila, see ixht okchila, n., a riddle.

okchilali, n., a large gazing eye.

okchilanli, v. a. i., to gaze about; to
stare at; to gaze at.

okchilanshli, v. a. i. pi., to gaze about;
to stare at.

BYINOTON].

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

295

okchilanshli, n., large rolling eyes.

okchilunli, v. a. i. , to gaze at; to stare at.

okchilunli, n., large eyes; goggled eyes;
sharp eyes.

okchito (from oka and chito}, n., high
water; an inundation; a flood; a
freshet; a deluge; a land flood; a water
flood; okchitot ala, floods came, Matt.
7: 25, 27.

okchito, v. a. i., to rise, as water; to be
come a flood.

okchito, pp., deluged; floated; flooded;
inundated.

okchito aiali, n., high- water mark.

okchito chi, v. t., to make a flood; to
flow; to overflow; to inundate; to de
luge; to flood.

okchitoli (from oka and chitoli) , v. t., to
flow; to make a flood; to deluge; to
inundate.

okchuns, n., the name of a bird; the kill-
dee.

okchushba, v. a. i., to ooze and run out;
to form matter and run, as an old sore;
applied to wounded trees and plants
when the sap oozes out; okchohushba,
Luke 16: 21.

okchushba, n., the matter which runs
from an old sore; a running sore; an
old ulcer; serous matter; virus; water.

okchushbachi, v. t., to cause a sore to
discharge a watery matter.

oke, part., it is, from o and ke; ke is final;
akoke, it is the, Matt. 2: 5, 6; shilup oke,
it is a spirit, Matt. 14: 26.

oke homi, oka homi (q. v. ); ardent
spirits.

oke luak, oka luak (q. v. ) , ardent spirits.

Oke lusa, see Oka lusa.

okfa (sing.), okfaH (pi.), n., a valley; a
vale; a dale; a glen; a ravine; I Kings
10: 27; Josh. 10:12.

okfa maiha, n., a wide valley.

okfa pattasachi, n., low flat land; low
land; a meadow; bottom land.

okfaha, pp., shown by argument.

okf all , v. t. , to exhibit or show by argu
ment.

okfanya, ufkanya, v. i., to stick or run
a piece of wood, etc., into one's own
flesh; 8aiokfanya, etc.

okfichoha, n., a small round hill.

okfoata, see okhoata.

okf o alii, see okJtoaUL

okfochush, n., a duck. This is the com
mon name for ducks, both tame and
wild. The different species of wild
ducks are distinguished by different
names, as oklubbi, lduluk, hankhoba.

okfochush nakni, n., a drake.

okfochush tek, 11., a duck; a female
duck.

okfochushushi, n., a young duck; a
duck's egg.

okfulli; okfoyullit oklobushlichi, v. t., to
suck.

okha, ukha, v. t., to take back; to get
satisfaction; to revenge; to win back
what has been lost at a game ; okhat isso;
okhat ishi; okhat imabi; ilaiokha banna,
he wants to avenge himself; ilaiukha,
to revenge himself; to take pay; to
recompense himself; to retaliate; to
revenge; to take vengeance, 1 Sam. 14:
24; ilaiokhali, I avenge myself, 2 Kings
9: 7; ilaiokha, n., an avenger, Josh. 10:
13; 20: 2.

okha, n., an avenger.

okha, n., recapture; satisfaction; ven
geance.

okhaiyanli, a., cross-eyed.

okhaiyanli, v. n., to be cross-eyed.

okhaiyanli, n., cross-eyes.

okhapayabi, a., cloudy; hazy clouds.

okhatali, a., pale.

okhatapa, v. t., to obstruct.

okhatabli, v. t. , to fend, as fire.

okhawi, v. t., to catch; to hook up; isht
okhawi, a flesh hook, Num. 4: 14.

okhapaioha, n., thin clouds.

okhapaioli, v. i., to form thin clouds.

okhat a n . , a lake, Josh . 1 : 4 ; a large pond ;
a bay; a gulf; an arm of the sea; the
water; a sea; okhgta han, the sea, Matt.
8: 24; okhata, sea, Matt, 13: 1, 47; 14:
24, 25, 26; 15: 29; 17: 27; 18: 6.

okhata aiabeka, n., seasickness; sea
sick.

okhata aiahalaia, a., maritime.

okhata aialhtaha, a,, marine.

okhata anya, n., a seaman.

okhata bikeli, n., the tide.

okhata chito, n., an ocean, Josh. 1: 4;
a sea; the deep; the great sea; the pro
found.

okhata chito anya, n., a voyage at
sea.

okhata chito anya, 11., a voyager.

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okhata chito lapalika, 11., the' sea coast;
the seaside.

okhata fUamminchi, n., an arm of the
Bea or of a lake.

okhata imma, a., maritime; of or con
cerning the sea.

okhata lapalika, n., sea coast, Matt.
4: 18; Luke 0: 17; "by the sea," Josh.
5: 1.

okhata oka, n., sea water.

okhata ont alaka, n., the sea bank, sea
board, sea coast, seashore; the strand.

okh.atu.shi, n., a pond.

okhilishta, pp., shut; closed.

okhina, n., a river, 2 Sam. 24: 5; Josh.
1: 4; 12:2; a water course; a ford; a
stream.

okhina akka nowat lopulli, v. t, , to f< ml
a river; to wade a river.

okhina akucha, n., a ford, Josh. 2: 7.

okhina ikbi, v. t., to make a canal.

okhina ikbi, n., a canal.

okhina oka, n., river water.

okhina ontalaka, n. , the 1 >rink of a river,
Josh. 3: 8; 12: 2.

okhina takchaka, n., the margin of a
river; a river's side.

okhinak, hinak, v. a. i., to tassel, as
corn.

okhinak, n., a corn tassel.

okhisa, okhissa, n., a door, Matt. 6: 6;
the aperture or the gate of the house, 2
Kings 9: 3, 10, an entrance; an entry; a
gate; light; a threshold; a vestibule,
Matt. 7: 13; 16: 18; Josh. 2: 5; 8: 29.

okhisa aiafacha, n., a door latch.

okhisa apistikeli, n., a janitor; a door
keeper; a porter.

okhisa alhtoba ahoyo, n., a tollgate.

okhisa imokhoata, n., a door bar.

okhisa isht afacha. n., a door latch.

okhisa isht alhkama, n., the door
which fills the aperture.

okhisa isht takali, n., a door hinge.

okhisushi, n., a window, 2 Kings 9: 30;
Josh. 2: 15.

okhisushi isht alhkama, n., a window
blind; a window shutter.

okhinsh, see /A7i/XvA, and /.s7tAvXs//.

okhishta, v. t., to shut a door; to close,
1 Sam. 1: fi; to close the eyes, Matt.
13: 15; set.1 -nkJiixJita.

okhitta, v. t., to shut; imok/iitta, shut
him up.

okho, int., nay, chiaiyamohmifoKainokko-

achi.

okhoata, adv., sideways.
okhoata, okfoata, okhowata, a.,

crosswise; across; athwart,
okhoata, v. n., to be across or crosswise;

v. a. i., to lie across; alia yat topa yan

okhoata liosh onitonla.
okhoata, pp., laid across.
okhoata foni, n., a rib bone,
okhoataka, okhowataka, n., the side

or sides; a crosspiece; alaii/a is the

length or the height; but the breadth

of cloth is okhoataka, 1 Kings 6: 31.
okhoatakachi, a., crosswise.
okhoatakachi, v. n. pi., to be crosswise;

to run or lie crosswise; nan tanna yan ok-

hoatakachit ikbi, wrork up the cloth

crosswise, so that the long seams will

run round the person.
okhoatali, okfoatali, v. t. sing., to lay

it across or crosswise; to cross; to

thwart; iti an ishokhoatali, do you lay

the stick crosswise.
okhoatachi, v. t., to cause it to lie across;

okhoatakachi, pi., see 1 Kings 7: 2, 3;

2 Kings 1 : 2.
okhoatkachi, n., a slat; a crosspiece; a

crossbar; a round,
okhoalli, okfoalli, v. t. pi., to lay them

crosswise, as the rounds of a ladder,
okhomi, see oka Jiomi.
okhowata, see okhoata.
okhowataka, see okhoataka.
okinta, int., well, try again; a word of

daring, used in renewing fights and

after losses.
okissa, v. t.,to purify ceremoniously; to

fast; a dog is said to okissa when he

eats green grass and vomits; okilissa, to

purify one's self; okilissa, her purifica
tion, Luke 2:22.
okissa, n., a ceremonious purification; a

fast (observed after going to war, etc. );

an old heathenish rite.
okissa nitak, a fast day; a purification

day.
okissachi, v. t. , to purify another; to

cause to purify; oka Jianta ixJ/t okissachit

Jtochifo, to christen; oka Jianta isJi.1 okissat

liO'"h'if<>, pp., christened.
okishko, v. t., to tipple: to drink ardent

spirits; v. a. i., to soak.
okishko, a., sottish.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CTIOCTAW LANGUAGE

297

okishko, n., a drunkard; a tippler; a
bibber.

okishko, n., intemperance; drunkenness.

okishko fehna, v. t., to carouse.

okishko laua, n., a row.

okishko m.anya, n., a carousal; a row;
a, drunken frolic.

okishko manya, v. t., to have a drunken
frolic.

okishko shah', n., a sot; a great drunk
ard; an habitual drunkard; a bibber;
a tippler; a soaker; a toper.

okisht alhpisa, n., a gallon.

okkachi, okachi, v. t., to wet; to soak;
to set down into water, Luke 5:4; to
soften; to steep, 1 Sam. 14: 27; oka-
hanchi freq. ; pass, ulhkachi.

okkachi, n. , a soaker.

okkattaha, v. a. i., to descend; to go
down, Josh. 10: 11; hasJn at okkattaha,
the sun descends, as at 2 p. m. ; hashi at
okkattahat akkia, the sun descends and
goes down, as at 4 p. m. ; okkattahakat ia,
the descent goes.

okkattahaka, n., the side of a hill; the
foot of a hill; under a hill; the slope;
okkattahaka liikia na abeli, I killed him
when standing at, etc.

okkattahakaia, n., a declivity.

okkattahakachi, v. t., to slope.

okko, int. of surprise, sorrow, and regret.

okkohonlih, v. a. i., to have a Roman
nose.

okla, n., a people; a tribe; a nation; cit
izens; folks; persons; men; population,
2 Sam. 24: 2; a tongue; a multitude,
Matt. 8: 1; inhabitants; they, i. e.,
mankind, animals, and things, John 1 :
37 (when employed in this manner as
a pronoun the particle pronoun t is
omitted); a community; a party; a
region; applied to boats, as isht iat okla,
Luke 5: 7; Spani okla, Spanish people;
people of Spain; Spaniards; Milikiokla,
American people; people of America;
Americans. In this way it corresponds
to national adjectives, as French, etc. ;
Pask okla, Bread people, Pascagolians
[Pascagoula] ; Cliahta okla talaia, the
one nation, or the single tribe of Choc-
taw; Jiatak qpi Jiumma, okla t aloha puta,
all Indian tribes; hatak toll okla, a ball-
playing people; oklaibbak, their hands,
Matt. 15: 2; imokla inholitopa, a., patri

otic; okla, following a verb, is dual, as
anumpulit oklatok, preceding a verb it is
plural; see John 9: 2'.}, 24; oklaarlii,
they say, i. e., people say; Matt. 11:
18; oklat dfJti, all the people say, i. e.,
the people say; luitak W/Wt okla. nnkla-
kancha, Matt. 8: 27; ok/a, they, often
thus used before verbs; okla qbi tnk/na,
Matt. 17: 23; okln, n., the relatives of
a man's wife, and his sister's husband;
amoklatna, my people (pi. ); my coun
tryman (sing.); of my wife's family, it
is used in the singular number; ok/a,
in the dual number, of persons and
things and animals; arh it oklatok, they
two said, Matt. 8, 29; nog. form, tqxlik'd
ikok'o kinsha- lion, Josh. 2: 8.

okla achafa itibi, n., a civil war; imokla
achafa intanampi, n., an insurrection.

okla achafa itibi, v. t., to have a civil
war.

okla ahalaia, a., national; pertaining to
a people.

okla anumpa kobaffi, n., sedition.

okla chafa, n., one people; a single tribe;
countrymen; a fellow citizen.

okla chito, okla chinto, n., a multitude,
Matt, 5: 1; the multitude, Matt, 9: 8;
a great people, Luke 3, 7 [?]; many;
great multitudes, Matt. 8:1.

okla chito, a., populous.

okla iksho, a., without inhabitants; des
olated.

okla ilappakon, in them, Matt. 13: 15.

okla imanukfila, n., their thoughts,
Matt. 12: 25.

okla inla, n., a foreign people; foreign
ers.

okla laua, n., a multitude, Matt. 13: 2;
14: 5, 14, 15, 19, 22,23.

okla laua, a., populous.

okla makali, n., the vulgar.

okla xnoma, n., the public; all people;
a republic.

okla moma, a., public.

okla moma immi, a., belonging to the
public.

okla nan ikithano,n., gen tiles; heathen,
Matt. 6: 32.

okla nana inkaniohmi chito, see nana
inkanioh)iii chito,

okla pelichi, n., officers, Josh. 8: 33.

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okla talaia, n., one people; one nation,
Matt. 1: 21; imokla talaia, his people.

oklabbi, v. a. i., to lap, as a dog; see labbi;
pp., lapping.

oklabbi, n., a lapper.

oklobushli, v. a. i. sing., to dive; to dip;
to plunge; to go under water; to duck;
to sink; to submerge; isht ochi at oklo
bushli.

oklobushli, pp., plunged; immersed;

ducked; submerged; whelmed,
oklobushli, n., a diver; a plunger,
oklobushli, n., immersion.
oklobushlichi, v. t., to dip; to immerse;

to put under water; to duck; to plunge

under water; to immerge; to merge;

to sink; to souse; to submerge; to

whelm.

oklobushlichi, n., immersion.
oklubbi, v. a. i. pi., to dive; to dip; to

plunge; 'to duck; to submerge; kilok-

lubbi, let us dive in.
oklubbi, pp., ducked; immersed;

whelmed,
oklubbi, n., the name of a duck; a

diver.
oklubbichi, v. t., to dip; to immerse

them; to duck; to beduck; to souse;

to submerge; to whelm,
okluha, a., all; the whole, 2 Kings 9: 8;

everyone; universal; hatak oklu^ha, all

men; nun oklu^ha, all things, Matt. 7:

12; 11: 27; 17: 11.
oklunha, v. n., to be all; oklulunha, a

frequentative, Josh. 14: 9.
okluhanchi, v. t., to extend to all;

okluhanchit ipetalahinlaf Shall I feed

all? okluhanchit ithaiyana, he knows

all things.

okluhant, cont., as okluhant anoll, re
late the whole.

okluhant ishi, v. t., to take the whole.
oklunhachi, v. t., to make or cause all, 2

Kings 9: 24.

oklunhali, v. a. i., to make very much.
oklunhalinchi, v. t., to cause to reach to

all; oklahalinchithaklo, to hear all, Luke

2: 20.
oklusbi, n., dusk; dark; darkish; see

okpoluisbi.
oklushinla, n.. a foreign tribe or nation;

strangers; foreigners.
oklushinla, a., foreign.

oklush inla hatak, n., a foreigner; a
foreign man.

oklushi, n., a small tribe; a small people;
a family; a nation; hatak api humma
oklushi talohaputa ka ishinnukhanklashke.

oklushi ahalaia, a., national.

oklushi abanumpa ikithano, 11., gen
tiles; pagans; a heathen nation.

oklushi nan ikithano, n., heathen,
Matt. 6: 7.

oklachanko, a., muddy; miry.

oklachanko, v. 11., to be muddy or miry.

oklachankochi, v. t., to make it muddy.

oklachinko, a., muddy; miry.

oklachinko, v. 11., to be muddy.

oklachinkochi, v. t., to render it muddy.

oklafashli, 11., the end of a house log
after it is put up.

oklafashlichi, v. a. i., to put the log out
too far.

oklanshko, n., a fen.

oklanshko, a., wet and miry; fenny.

oklanshko, v. n., to be wet and miry.

okianshko, n., a moor; a fen.

oklanshkochi, v. t., to make it wet and
miry.

oklauinli, a., striped.

oklauinli, v. n., to be striped; koji at
oklauinli; nantanna yat oklauinli.

oklauinlichi, v. t., to make stripes.

oklichanli, a., having dirty eyes; dirty-
eyed, produced either by a sore or
neglect.

oklichanli, v. n., to be dirty-eyed.

oklichanli, n., a dirty eye.

oklichoshli, oklichanshli, a. pi., having

. dirty eyes.

oklichoshli, v. n., to be dirty-eyed.

oklilahpi, n., the first darkness; even
ing; vespers.

oklilampi, 11., evening.

oklilechi, v. t., to produce darkness; to
darken; to becloud; to bedim; to cloud;
to dim; aboha yan oklilechi, to darken
the room; to embrown; onoklilecJii, to
bring darkness on him; to benight one;
to shadow; to obscure.

oklileka, 11., the dark; darkness, John
1: 5; a dark place; the place of dark
ness; tali chlluk anuka kat oklileka fehna.

oklili, a., dark; dismal; gloomy; mel
ancholy; obscure; opaque; ray less;
shadowy; sombre; umbrageous; pp.,

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

299

darkened; shaded; onoklili, benighted;
dark on him; n., opacity.

oklili, adv., obscurely.

oklili, v. n., to be dark, Matt. 6: 23;
oklieli.

oklili, v. a. i., to darken; to be dark,
Josh. 2: 5; okiilit talia fcatlmako cltiaio-
nokkili, where did it darken on you?
oklieli.

oklili, n., darkness, Matt. 6: 23; dark;
an eclipse; gloom; melancholy; ob-
scureness; opacity; a shadow.

oklili impa, n., supper.

oklili taloa, n., an evening song or
hymn; an even song.

oklilinka, n., darkness, Matt. 10: 27.

oklilinchi, v. a. i., to dawn; onnat oklilin-
chi, the day dawns; onnat minti, the day
comes.

oklilinchi, n., the dawn of day.

oklolbi, oklulbi, okhubli, n., a rill.

okma, he whom, John 3: 34 [?J; conj.,
minko okma, ushi okma, either the king
or his son; achafahoshminko okma, atukla
kato ushi attok, Chihowa hokat hatak
okma, nanta hatokosh illahe keyushke;
achikakokma, keyukmat, tani cha nowa,
achi kak okma, Matt. 9: 5; foki okma,
keyukmat ishki okma, ' ' father or moth
er," Matt. 15: 4, 6; chibbak okma, chiyi
yokma, Matt. 18: 8. Compounds: ok-
mak — okmaka — okmakano — okmakato —
okmakhe — okmakheno — okmakhe t — ok-
mako — okmakocha — okmakoka — okmak-
okano — okmakokat — okmakokato — ok-
makoke — okmakokia — okmakona — okma-
kosh — okmakot — okmano — okmano —
okmat — okmato.

okmalli, see okmoffi.

okmilali, a., bald; having very short
hair on the head.

okmilali, v. n., to be bald; sheki at ok-
milali, fakit at okmilali.

okmilali, n., baldness.

okmilalichi, v. t., to make bald; to trim
off the hair on the head quite short.

okmilashli, a. pi., bald.

okmilashli, v. n. , to be bald.

okmilasmichi, v. t., to make bald.

okmiloli, okmiloli, a. pi., bald; having
the hair or ears cut short off.

okmiloli, v. n. pi., to be bald or to be
cropped short; shukliat okmiloli, isubahat
okmiloli.

okmilolichi, v. t. pi., to cut the hair
of the head or the ears short; to crop
close off.

okmilonli, a., bald.

okmisikali, v. a. i. pi., to raise or move
the eyebrows; done by boys at play to
entice others to play; okmisakanshli, \.
a. i. pi.

okmisli, v. a. i., to give a wink by
raising the eyebrows.

okmocholi, v. a. i., to close the eyes; to
have the eyes closed.

okmoffi, okmalli, n., a rill or small
branch.

okochi, v. t., to draw water.

okochi, n., a drawer of water.

okokaiilli, v. a. i., to drown.

okokaiilli, pp., drowned.

okokanowa, v. a. i., to wade; see oka
nowa.

okokanowa, n. , a wader.

okokabi, v. t., to drown; to kill in the
water.

okokko, int. of dissatisfaction or surprise.

okokkoarmi, v. a. i., to marvel; to won
der.

okokkoahni, n., a marvel; a wonder.

okokkoahni, a., marvelous.

okokkoaiahni, v. a. i., to admire.

okokko aiahnichi, v. t., to astonish;
to amaze; to astound.

okomo, v. t., to dissolve in water, as
sugar, salt, etc. ; alJikomo pp.

okomuchi, v. t., to melt; to dissolve.

okomuchi, n., a melter.

okpalali, v. a. i., to float; to swim on
the water; to drift; -Hi at okpalali.

okpalali, n., a float; a floating.

okpalalichi, v. t., to float; to cause to
swim.

okpaloli, v. a. i. pi., to float; to swim;
also 11. pi.

okpalolichi, v. t., to float; to swim;
to cause to float.

okpani, v. t., to destroy, Matt. 5: 17;
Josh. 2: 10; to spoil; to abolish; to
ruin; to injure; to mar; to scathe; to
rend, Matt. 7:6; to abuse; to blemish;
to hurt; to consume; to contaminate; to
corrupt; to damage; to damnify; to de
face; to defile; to deprave; to depredate;
to devastate; to devour, Matt. 15:11,
18, 20; to eat; to exterminate; to extin
guish; to harm; to havoc; to infect; to

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[BULL. 46

lose; to misimprove; to misuse; to
muddle; to mutilate; to overthrow; to
palsy; to pervert; to profane; to raze;
to ravage; to remove; to ruin; to slur;
to trespass; to undo; to unmake; to
vitiate; to vilify; to violate; to waste;
•iluk/Mini, to destroy himself; to abuse
himself, etc.; pisaokpani, v. t., to dis
figure; itimokpani, to destroy for each
other; imaiok/xini, v. t., to foil; okpaiy-
<nii, pro. form.

okpani, n., a spoiler; a destroyer; a
hurter; aravager; aruiner; aperverter;
a profaner; a violator; ilokpqni, a self-
destroyer; aiokpani, Matt. 6:19, 20.

okpanichi, v. t., to c,ause ruin, destruc
tion; to make of none effect; to cumber
or mar, Matt. 15: 6; aiokpaninchi, to
cumber, Luke 13: 7.

okpani t tali, v. t., to consume; to de
stroy utterly; to raze.

okpata, okpatha, n., the shoulder-
blade; the blade bone of man and beast.

okpata foni, n., the shoulder-blade.

okpeli, v. t., to skim off cream, froth,
etc. ; okpiha, pp.

okpicheli, v. a. i., to grow or spring up,
as grass and weeds in the spring; to rise
to the brim, like water.

okpichelichi, okpichechi, v. a. i., to
grow or spring up, as grass.

okpiyanli, n., a word of reproach, a dis
gusting epithet.

okpolusbi, n., dark; dusk; twilight; ves
pers, 2 Kings 7: 5.

okpolusbichi, v. t., to render it dark.

okpolo, v. n., to be in a passion; to be
dissatisfied, as imokpolo, he is dissat
isfied or he is angry.

okpulo, a., bad, Matt. 13: 48; vile; wrong;
wicked; absurd; arrant; base; baleful;
angry, Luke 4: 28; dirty; corrupt; de
generate; unclean. Matt. 12: 43; delete
rious; deplorable; diilicult; dire; dire
ful; dismal; evil; fatal; faulty; fear
ful; fell; felonious; fiendish; ilagi-
tious; llagrant; foul; gross; harsh; hei
nous; horrible; horrid; hurtful; ill;
immoral; impetuous; impure; inclem
ent; indecent; indirect; injurious;
licentious; monstrous; nasty; naughty;
noisome; noxious; obnoxious; obscene;
odious; offensive; opprobrious: outra
geous; pernicious; preposterous; pro

fane; rough; ruinous; sanguinary; sav
age; sinful; sinister; sordid; terrible;
terrific; ugly; vicious; vulgar; waste;
wrong; imokpulo, displeased with him;
harmed; hurt; itimokpulo, displeased
with each other.

okpulo, v. n., to be bad, or vile; okpunlo,
nasal form; okpoyulo, pro. form.

okpulo, v. a. i., to corrupt; to spoil; to
damage; to fall; to perish, Matt. 5: 30.

okpulo, n., evil, Matt. 5:11; badness;
vileness; asperity; damage; destruction;
depravity; devastation; an enormity;
a fall; a hazard; harm; havoc; a hurt;
impurity; meanness; an overthrow;
pollution; rascality; ruin; sinfulness;
turpitude; wickedness; wrong; ikok-
polo, ikokpulo, a., unharmed; un
injured; unspoiled; unviolated; un
tainted.

okpulo, pp., ruined; destroyed; abol
ished; spoiled; spoilt; consumed; con
taminated; corrupted; damaged; dam
nified; defaced; defiled; depraved;
depredated; devastated; exterminated;
extinguished; harmed; infected; in
jured; lost; misshapen; muddled; mu
tilated; perverted; polluted; razed;
ravaged; undone; vitiated; violated;
wasted; imokpulo, harmed.

okpulo, adv., badly; overmuch; rascally;
vilely; sabanna okpulo; uniba okpulo.

okpulo fehna, a., abominable; atrocious;
nefarious; worse.

okpulo inshaht tali, a., worst.

okpulo isht inshat ia, a., worse; ikok-
pnlo, a., inoffensive; unharmed.

okpulo keyu, a., incorrupt.

okpulochi, v. t., 1 Sam. 1: 6, to make her
fret; to provoke; okpulohonchi, 1 Sam.
1: 7.

okpuloka, 11., fall; ruin, Matt. 7: 27.

okpulosali, a., very inferior.

okpulot, adv., badly.

okpulot ia, okpulot ishtia, v. a. i., to
degenerate.

okpulot iktaho, a., unconsumed.

okpulot tana, pp., razed; utterly de
stroyed.

okpulot tana, a., crazy; lost, Matt. 18:11 ;
Luke 19: 10; perished; Matt. IS: 14.

oksuk, uksak (q. v. ), n., a hickory nut.

oksakohchi, n., the high bush whortle
berry.

BYINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

301

oksanla, n., a mouse (a Six-towns word —

Billy Thomas). It is a kind that eats

sweet potatoes in the hill.
oksup, n., a long bead, sometimes 2

inches long, or a large, round bead;

wampum. The long kind were once

dear, ikonla apakfopa acJiafakmat isuba

iti illibekatok.

oksup taptua, n., a joint snake.
okshachobi, n., twilight.
okshachobi, v. a. i., v. n., to become

twilight; to be twilight.
okshachobichi, v. t., to cause twilight

to appear,
okshahala, v. a. i., to be like the feces

in diarrhea when streaked with blood.
okshakala, v. a. i., to rise, as water.
okshakla, n., high water; deep water.
okshalinchi, v. t., to make it coarse,

sleazy.

okshammi, a., hoarse,
okshammi, v. n., to be hoarse; sioksham-

mi, I am hoarse.
okshammi, n., hoarseness.
okshammichi, v. t., to cause hoarseness.
okshauanli,a., fair; clear; washed bright

and clean; pp., bleached; whitened;

hatak okshauanli, ohoyo okshauanli, na-

foka okshauanli.

okshauanli, v. n., to be fair, clear, clean.
okshauanlichi, v. t., to cause it to be

fair, clear, bright; to bleach; nafoka

achefat ishokshauarilichi.
okshauashli, a. pi., fair; clear; bright;

clean.
okshauashli, v. n. pi., to be clear or fair;

okshauanshli, n. f.
okshauashlichi, v. t., to make clear; to

bleach.
okshauina, okshawilah, n., a sty; a

small boil on the eyelid; shawilah, hoshe-

lah.

okshauoha, a., shallow,
okshauoha, v. n., to be shallow,
okshauwi, see okchauwi.
okshawilah, see oksliauhia.
okshachinli, a., coarse, sleazy, like cot
ton baling; not woven tight; not knit

tight,

okshachinli, v. n., to be coarse, sleazy.
okshash, n., acorn pudding; mush made

of acorns.

okshianli, a., narrow, as a strip of land,

or the forehead or face,
okshichami, a., sleazy.
okshifeli, a., coarse, as corn after being

beaten for tanfula before it is riddled

and fanned.

okshifeli, v. n., to be coarse,
okshifeli, n., the rough appearance of

corn in the above state.
okshikali, v. t, to sprinkle; okshikanli,

nasal form.

okshikanshli, v. t. pi., to sprinkle.
okshilama, a., sloping; descending;

gradually descending.
okshilama, v. 11., to be sloping; uani,

at okshilama.

okshilama, n., a descent; down hill.
okshilammi, v. a. i., to go down hill.
okshilita, v. a. i., to shut.
okshillita, okshilita, pp., shut; closed;

barred; fastened, aboJta yat oksliittita;

•itonabiat okshiUita; holisso hat okshillita;

ikoksJi'dito, a., unshut; okshillinta, n. f.

Luke 4:25.

okshilonli, oksholonli, a., having hol
low eyes; hollow-eyed, or white.
okshilonli, v. n., to be hollow, as the

eyes,
okshilonli, oksholonli, n., hollowness

of the eyes, as the socket of the eye

after it is taken out; okshilonlichi, ok-

sholonlichi, v. t.

okshimmi, n., a mist; a drizzling.
okshimrnichi, v. a. i., to drizzle; to mist;

to sprinkle; okxhhnmihiiu.-hij Deut. 32: 2.
okshinilli, v. a. i., to swim.
okshinilli, n., a swimmer.
okshinilli chi, v. t., to swim; to cause to

swim,
okshipanli, v. a. i. , to appear as the socket

of the eye after it is out.
okshiplichi, v. a. i., to mist.
okshita, okshitta, v. t. sing., to shut;

to close; to bar; to fasten; to block up;

to embar; iitioksliita, to fend; see ok-

hishta.

okshita, n., one who shuts.
okshiyanli, a., long and narrow, as a

strip of land.

oksliochobi, n., dark; beginning of dark
ness; okshochohbichi, Ch. Sp. Book, pp.

93, 94.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

okshohonli, v. a. i., to be speckled
white and gray, the color of a cow's
hair.

oksholonli, n., hollow eyes; see. okshi-
lonli.

okshonli, v. a. i., to ear; to head, as
English grain; tanch pa^sJii Jdmo ku-
chakma okshonli.

okshonli, i)p., eared; headed.

okshonulli, v. a. i., to swim; isuba hat
okshonulli.

okshonulli, a., being deep enough to
swim; being too deep to ford.

okshonulli, n., a swimmer.

okshonullichi, v. t., to swim; to cause
to swim.

okshulba, v. i., to rise, as water on the
bank of a stream.

[okshulba, n., the wild honeysuckle.-—
H. S. H.]

okshulbi, n., a rill.

okshunak talali, n. , a sandbar.

oktababi, a., mixed like mush.

oktak, n., a prairie; a savanna; afield,
Matt. 6: 30.

oktak ushi, 11., a small prairie.

oktalonli, a., white-eyed; blue-eyed;
gray-eyed; oktalushli, pi.

oktalonli, v. n., to be white-eyed; okta-
lushli, pi.; naJtollo kanimi katnishkin ok
talonli chatuk.

oktalonli, n., a white eye; a blue eye;
a gray eye; oktalwhli, n. pi., white
eyes; blue eyes; gray eyes.

oktaneli, a., shining.

oktanelichi, v. t., to shine; to make a
shining appearance, as the sun when
coming out of a cloud.

oktabi, v. t., to kill by frost.

oktabi, a., frostbitten.

oktablahe keyu, a., irresistible.

oktabli, v. t., to hold; to prevent; to re
tard; to stifle; to dam; to stop water,
breath, or air; to choke a creek, etc. ; to
clog; to bar; to arrest; to obstruct; to
block up; to intercept; (to check is
imoktabli); ok<t y<in oktabli; kinta aioktab-
li, a beaver dam; islit fwpa yan oktabli,
to stop the breath; imoktabli, to check;
to defend; to detain.

oktabli, n., one who dams, stops, or ob
structs; an obstructer; a stopper.

oktabli, n., an obstruction.

oktani, otani, v. a. i., to appear in sight,
but at a distance; to appear, Matt. 6: 16;
13: 26; to be revealed, Matt. 10: 26;
hashi at oktani; sheki at oktani; luak at
oktani; isht otani, to be known by,
Matt. 12: 33; pala at itoktani; oktaiyani,
pro. form.

oktani, otani, n., an appearance; isht
otani, n., a testimony, Matt. 8: 4.

oktanichi, otanichi, v. t., to cause to
appear, Matt. 6: 4, 18; to reveal, Matt.
11: 25, 27; 16: 17; to make known,
Matt. 12: 16; toshow, Matt. 7: 23; 12, 18;
16: 1; otanichit achili, I profess; aiishtil-
otanihinchishke, show forth themselves
in, Matt. 14: 2; to be given as a sign,
Matt. 16: 4.

oktapa, pp., stopped; dammed; ob
structed; barred; fastened; choked;
intercepted; prevented; bok at oktapa;
peni koa yat oktapa, the boat is calked;
oktaptua, pi.

oktapa, v. a. i., to choke.

oktapa, n., an obstruction; a suppres
sion; a dam; oktaptua, pi.

oktaptuli, v. t. pi., to dam; to stop.

oktaptuli, n. pi., those who make dams,
etc.

okti, a., frosty; icy.

okti, v. n., to be frosty.

okti, n., frost; ice; an icicle.

okti chito, n., a great frost; much ice;
iciness.

okti chunli, n., frozen mud that has been
trodden by horses, as in a prairie.

okti hata, n., a white frost.

okti laua, a., icy.

okti pushi, n., fine snow.

okti tohbi, n., a white frost; a hoar frost.

oktink, n., a small speckled woodpecker.

oktimpi, n., still water in a river.

oktisheli, sing., oktishishli, pi. a., red, as
the cheek; rosy.

oktoboha, v. a. i., to drizzle; to mist.

oktoboli, v. a. i., to drizzle; to mist.

oktobolichi v. a. i., to drizzle; to mist;
diminutive of oktoboli.

oktohbi, n., a fog; a haze; a mist; hu
midity; vapor.

oktohbi, v. a. i., to vapor.

oktohbichi, oktohbi, a., foggy; hazy;
humid; misty.

oktohbichi, v. n., to be foggy.

BTINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

303

oktusha, n., a snow.
oktusha, v. a. L, to snow.
oktusha achafa, n., a flake of snow.
oktushachi, v. t., to cause it to snow; to

snow.
oktushshi, n., a green slimy, ropy

matter, found in water ponds or in

shallow water where there is soapstone.
okumba, oka umba, n., rainwater.
okwakli, n. pi., ridges.
okwalonli, a., white-eyed; nishkin okwa-

lonli; okwalunshli pi.; shikala okwalun

okwalonli, v. n., to be white-eyed;

lunshli, pi.
okwalonli, n., a white eye; okwalunshli ',

pi.

okwichinli, v. a. i., to scowl; to frown.
okwichinli, n., a scowl; a frown.
okwichinlit pisa, v. t., to frown; to

look with a frown.

okwilonli; nishkin okwilonli, Gen. 29: 17.
okwotummi, v. i. , to mist.
okwotummih, okwotummichih, ok-

watammi, okwatummi, v. a. i., to

drizzle.

okyauinli, v. a. i., to pout; to scowl.
okyauinli, n., one who pouts.
okyauinlit pinsa, okinyauinlit pisa,

v. a. i., v. t., to scowl upon.
okyinnli, n., the look of a lion.
okyohbi, a., moist; a little wet.
okyoli, v. a. i., to swim; shukha yat

okyoli; shukatti at okyoli.
okyoli, n., a swimmer; a swimming.
okyoli, a., being deep enough to swim;

being too deep to ford; bok at okyoli.
okyoli imponna, n., a swimmer.
okyolichi, v. t., to cause to swim.
ola, v. a. i., to sound; to ring; to blow, as

a horn; to sing, as a bird; to caw, as a

crow; to crow, as a cock; to gobble, as a

turkey; to chink; to chirp; to chime; to

coo; to croak; to jingle; to hoot; to in

tonate; to screech; to toll; to twang;

okfochush at ola, to quack; ohunla, freq.;

ikohonlo, Josh. 6: 10.
ola, n., a sound; a blast; a ringing; a

sounding; a crowing; a chirp; a jingle;

a kaw; a ring; a tone; a t\vang.
ola, pp., sounded; blown; rung.
ola achukma, n., melody.
ola imma, adv., in this direction; this

way of it.

ola itilaui, v. a. i., to harmonize.
ola itilaui, n., harmony.

ola taklachi, v. t, to lighten; to reduce
the price.

olabechi, v. t., to hinder; to prevent;
to prevent fighting; allat itinnukoa
hokma olabechi; see olabbecJti.

olachl, v. t., to sound; to ring; to wind;
to blow; to chink; to intonate; to
jingle; to play; to strike; to tinkle; to
toll; to toot; to twang; ehqchimolachika,
we have piped unto you, Matt. 6: 2;
11: 17; aiolachi, to sound there, or at;
olanchi, nas. form; olahancld, freq. form,
Josh. 6: 4, 8, 9; ohunlahanchi.

olachi, n., one who sounds, blows, etc.;
a player; one who performs on an in
strument; ajingler; aminstrel; aringer;
a tooter, Matt. 9: 23.

olah, adv., this way; olah minti, come
this way; bok an koi olah at intuklo, two
miles on this side of the creek.

olah, v. n., to be on this side; to be this
side.

olah intannap, a., being on this side of
it; on this side of, Josh. 1: 14, 15.

olah intannap, v. n., to be on this side
of it.

olanli, adv., nearby; not far; hina yat
olanli pit itonla.

olanli, v. n., to be close by.

olanlisi, adv., closely; very near — still
nearer than olanli.

olanlisi, v. n., to be very close by; kali
at olanlisi.

olanlisichi, v. t., to cause to be very
near by.

olanlusi, olanlosi, adv., very close by;
at hand, Matt. 3: 2; 10: 7.

olanlusi, v. n., to be very close by.

olasi, adv., near by; near at hand.

olasi, v. n., to be near by.

olabbechi, olabechi (q. v. ), v. t., to re
buke; to prevent; to hinder.

olabbi, v. t., similar in meaning to
alammi; to choke, Matt. 13: 22; to
hinder; to stop; to check; to cross; to
forbid; to inhibit; to interpose; to re
frain; to restrain; to scant; to stint; to
thwart, Luke 4: 35; imolabbi; la pibanna
tukkia pimolabi; itimolabbi, to contend;
ikimolabo, a., unchecked; ilolabi, to
hinder himself; to deny himself; to
forbear; ilolabi, n., self-denial.

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

olachi, olachi (q. v.), v. t., to sing.

olallahe alhpesa, a., ridiculous.

olalli, v. t., to laugh at; to deride; to
mock; to ridicule; salalli, he laughs at
me; oJahanli, freq.

olalli, n., one who laughs at another; a
derider.

olalli, n., ridicule.

olbal, a., behind.

olbal, see ulbal, Josh. 6: 9, 13; 10: 19;
olbqlaka, Luke 2: 43.

olbalhpila, adv., backward; to fall back
ward, 1 Sam. 4: 18.

olbochi, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 43.

olehma, olema, adv., this way; on this
side; in this direction from it; from
oht and hntna.

olimma, adv., this way; on this side.

olitoma, olituma, adv., at a small dis
tance on the hither side of another
object that is some distance away; chahe
at iti kolofa yamina olitoma yon itonla.

olitomasi, adv., a little way on this side;
a diminutive of olitoma.

ollochi, ollohchi, ullohchi, pp., drawn,
as water from a spring; ochi, v. t.

ollupi, pp., stocked; hafted; handled;
helved; ohpi, v. t.

olana, n., a horsefly.

olana atoba, n., the spawn of flies ad
hering to the stalks of grass and weeds,
and looking like white foam or spittle.

olana chito, n., a big horsefly; an oxfly;
a gadfly.

olana okchamali, n., the green horsefly
most common on prairies.

onlipa, n., a lid; a cover; a roof.

om, um (q. v.), on; upon; sometimes
written o™ and on, according to eu
phony; omboli, Josh. 8: 31.

oma, part., as cJiashoma.

omanili, ominili, v. t., to sit on; to back;
to mount; to sit; to perch; (from om
and blnili, the letter 6 of binili being
dropped).

omanili keyu, a., unbacked.

ombala, ompala, n., an opening in the
woods where there are but few large
trees.

ombinili, n., a ride.

ombinili, n., a rider; a seat; a throne,
Mutt. 23: 22.

ombitepa, umbitepa, v. t., to press on,
Acts S: 17, 18.

ome, int., well; indeed.

ome, yea, Matt. 5: 37.

ome ahni, v. a. i., to assent; to acqui
esce; to be willing; to grant; to sub
scribe; to suffer; to take; to tolerate;
to vouchsafe; ome ishahnikma antala-
chin.

ome imahni, v. t., to permit.

omiha, well, it may be; it is so; omiha
and anliha have nearly the same mean
ing.

omikato, well; so it is; so it is well
enough ; same meaning as yuhmi mqli.

ominili, see omanili.

omishke, well; give ear; it is so; a word
used to call attention at the commence
ment of an address.

ompala see ombala.

ompoholmo, n., a covering, Ex. 26: 7.

ompoholmo, see umpoholmo, covered,
Matt. 10: 26.

ompohomo, v. t, to cover, Josh. 2: 6;
7: 26; seeumpohomo.

on, on; upon; as ontalaia, to sit on; to
stand on; onasha; onitula; onoklili; on-
umba; see on and om; onakmat, Matt.
12: 44; imaiona mat, Matt, 13: 10; 14: 25.

ona, v. a. i., to go to; to reach; to amount
to; to extend to; to attain; to gain; to
go; to repair; to resort; to come to,
Matt, 9: 1; 2: 13, 22, 23; aiona, Matt.
10: 6; Luke 3: 2; isht imaiona, they
brought unto him, Matt. 4: 24; 8: 16;
15: 39; to arrive at, in going from the
speaker, John 2: 6; ohona freq., ona
het, Acts 7: 17; to fead to, Matt. 7: 13;
16: 13; to arrive, as time, John 4: 35;
tanchi at ikono; iti chanaUi laua kat hq-
cltimonakeyu?; oyuna, aiona, Luke 2:
21; aiona, to reach to the place, Matt.
10: 6; itimona, to come together; ikitim-
ono, Matt. 1: 18; Luke 2: 27; ikono, a.,
defective; imperfect; incompetent; in
correct; ineffectual; insufficient; scant;
short; unqualilied; unreached; ikono,
v. a. i., to lack; to want; ikono, n., a
defect; a failing; a lack; a miscarriage;
a scarcity; onaJic kci/n, a., inaccessible.

ona is placed after some numerals and
words of multitude, as achafona, to
amount to one; tuklona, tuklo ona,
to amount to two; kanimona, kani ma
ona; katimona, etc., Jtach isht ohonahe,
"ye shall be brought."

BTINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

305

ona, n., an arrival; a pass; a reach.

onachi, v. t. , to cause to reach ; to cause
to go to; to attain, meaning in skill, as
anumpuli kqt chikonacJto, neg. form,
Josh. 3: 10; itonachi, itunancJd, to go
there together, dual, Matt. 26: 60; ik-
onancho, n., a failing; ikonancho, v. a. i.,
to come short; to fail; onanchi, naa. f.

onafa, n., winter; the fall.

onafapi, n., autumn; fall.

onafash, n., last fall.

onahpi, n., first arrival.

onatula, see onitula, and onutula.

onchasanakli, v. t., v. a. i., to wag.

onchaba, n., a ridge; a hill; a summit.

onchaba, v. a. i., to be a ridge; onchamba,
nasal form, being a ridge.

onchaba chaha, n., a mountain; a
mount.

oncheli, v. t., to prime; to lay on.

onchuloli, see unchololi.

oni, n., name of a plant good for food; it
grows in prairies.

onitola, n., a couch, Luke 5: 19.

onitula, onatula, v. a. i. , to lie on, Luke
2: 14; to fall on, Josh. 2: 9; onituyula,
onatoyula, pro. form; see onutula.

onna, n., daylight; morning light; day,
Luke 4: 42; to-morrow, Josh. 7: 13;
onnat minti, onnat taiyaha; imonna, the
next day, or day following it, John 6:
22; itimonnakalinchi, every day; daily;
to be every day, as a fever that returns
daily. — Moses Dyer.

onna, v. a. i., to come, as daylight or
morning light, as onna, onnat taha, day
light has arrived; Josh. 5: 11, 12; ont
onna; oyunna.

onnaha, n.. the morrow; to-morrow,
Josh. 3: 5; morrow; onnaha yahe o», •
the morrow which shall be; onnaha
yokqto, the morrow (distinctly); Matt.
6: 30, 34.

onnahinli, n., the morning; before and
soon after sunrise; the morn, Josh. 3: 1;
onnahinli yokma, in the morning, Matt.
16: 3.

onnahinli, v. a. i. onnahinlikma, in the
morning, Josh. 7: 14.

onnahinli aba inki imasilhha, n., mat
ins; morning worship.

onnahinli fehna, n., the morning itself;
very early in the morning, Josh. 3: 1;
7: 16.

84339° — Bull. 4(i — ] "> 120

onnahinli impa, n., breakfast.

onnahinli impa impa, v. t., to take
breakfast; to breakfast.

onnakma, adv., to-morrow; on the mor
row.

onnat isht inchi, v. a. i., to come, as
the morning light; to dawn.

onnat isht inchi, n., the coming of
morning light; aurora; the dawn.

onnat minti, v. a. i., to come, as the
morning light; to dawn.

onnat minti, n., the morning light;
the coming of morning light; the dawn;
light; daybreak; daylight; the dawn of
day; the break of day; the coming of
daylight.

onnat oklilinchi, n., morning light;
twilight in the morning.

onnat oklilinchi, v. a. i., to return,
as morning light.

onnat oklinli, v. a. i., to return, as
morning light.

onnat oklinli, n., the return of morning
light.

onnat taha, onnat taiyaha, n., the full
return of day.

onnat tohwikeli, n., ''dawning of the
day," Josh. 6: 15. fc

onochi, onnuchi, onuchi, v. t., to inflict;
to oblige; to pass; to reproach; to rest;
to set, as a price; to wreak; to send on,
2 Sam. 24: 15; to put on; to lay on, Josh.
2:19; 4:5; 8: 31; to impose; to apply;
to throw on; to cast, Matt. 5: 25; to
enact over, as laws; to charge; to en
force; to enjoin; to impute. This is
the causative form; itonnuclii, v. t., to
recriminate; to impose on each other;
anumpa onocJii, to condemn, Matt. 12:
41; anumpa kqllo onuchi, v. t., to com
mand; isht ilonochi, Josh. 1:6; islit ai-
ilonochi, to lay on himself thereby, or
therewith, Matt. 5: 33; ilonuchi, to en
gage himself; is/it iinilonochi, Josh. 5:
6; ilonoch'ichi, had adjured, i. e., made
them take on themselves, 1 Sam. 14:
24; isht ilimonochi, sware unto them,
Josh. 9: 15; onnuchi, n., one who puts
on; an inflicter; onuchi, n., an obliga
tion.

ont, a "directive particle," indicating an
action from the speaker, or the place of
its origin; ont oklieH hoknrn, Matt. 6: 23;
ont isht chukou-a, Matt. 4:5; ont aiqli,

306

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

n., end, Mark 13: 7; ont lakofichttashke,

I will go and heal him, Matt. 8: 7;

ont binachi, 2 Sam. 24: 5; ont ia, to go

past; to go by; ontalaka, n., bank of a

river, Josh. 12: 2; shore, Josh. 15: 2;

ont all, 2 Sam. 24: 2; ont qlichi, 2 Sam.

24: 7; ont ima, v. t., to go and give;

ont isJii, v. t., to go and take; ont pirn,

v. t., to go and see; ont onna, Acts 10: 9.

For other words, see ont as prefixed to

them.
ont, adv., by; to go to, etc., from ona

and t, contracted, asont atukla, secondly,

on to the second; ont atuchina, thirllly,

on to the third, Matt. 17: 23; ont ai-

ushta, fourthly; ont isJit talapi, fifthly;

ont isht hanali, sixthly; ont isht untuklo,

seventhly; ont isht untuchina, ont untu-

china, eighthly.
ontalaia, v. t., to sit on; to stand on; to

rest on; to be on; to ride a horse;

shqpo at itombi paknaka ontalaia.
ontalaia, pp., founded; set on.
ontalaia, n., a rider; one who sits on;

that which is on.
ontalaka, n., the shore; the brow; the

edge of a hill, Josh. 15: 2; the brink,

Jo*h. 3: 8.
ontalali, v. t., to sit on; to place on; to

found; to establish; to strand,
ontaloha, n., riders; ontalaia, sing(q.v. )•
ontaloha, v. t. pi., to ride,
ontala, sing., ontalkachi, pi.; ttontalkan-

cln, to lie on each other, as stones,

Mark 13:2.
ontala, v. a. L, to strand; see talall; on-

tq/fi, pp., stranded,
ontukafa, pp., shot, with a gun.
onuchi, see onochi.
omilhpohomo, n., a churn lid; on and

ulhpohomo.
onush, n., wheat, Matt. 13: 30; rye, oats;

English grain; small grain, corn, Matt.

12: 1; Josh. 5: 11; ixnlxi fijta, oats,
onush abasha, n., a stubble; the place

where wheat was cut.
onush aiasha, 11., a wheat barn; a

granary,
onush aialmo, n., a stubble field; the

iield where wheat was cut; stubble.
onush amalichi, n., a wheat fan; a

fanning mill, Luke 3: 17.
onush almo, n., wheat harvest, Josh.

3: 15.

onush alwasha, n., parched corn. Josh.

5: 11.
onush amo, v. t., to cradle; to cut wheat;

to reap wheat.

onush api, n., the wheat stalk; straw.
onush api isht basha, n. , a straw cutter,
onush api isht peli, n., a rake,
onush bashli, n., a scytheman; a reaper;

a harvester; a harvestman.
onush bota, n., wheat flour; botatohbi,

white flour, or taliko bota, a Chickasaw

equivalent.

onush, chaha, onush lusa, n., rye.
onush. hakhipish, n., wheat chaff,
onush isuba apa, n., oats, a grain for

horses.
onush isht almo, n., a sickle; a reaping

hook; a cradle,
onush isht basha, n., a sickle; a cradle

scythe; a scythe; a reaping hook,
onush isht basha api, n., a snath,
onush isht boli, n., a flail.
onush lakchi, n., rice,
onush lusa, see onush chaha.
onush pehna, n., seed wheat,
onush sita, n., a sheaf of wheat,
onush sita itanaha, n., a shock of

wheat, or of English grain,
onush sita itannali, v. t., to shock

wheat,
onutula, onatula, from on and itnla, v.

a. i., to fall on; to lie on, Mark 2: 4 (on
utula is the correct form of the word. —

Allen); to come upon, Matt. 1: 19; 10:

13; 11: 12; onqtoyula, Josh. 2: 19; 7: 1.
onutula, onatula, pp., fallen on; lying

on; accused; charged with; enforced;

enjoined; imposed; imputed; inflicted;

obligated; isht onatula, blamed for; ono-

cln, v. t. (q. v. ).

onutula, onatula, n., an obligation.
opa, n., an owl, of the large kind.
opahaksun, n., the petrified oyster shells

found in prairies and other places.
opahaksun, n., the birch tree; it grows

on the banks of rivers,
opi, hopi, oppi, v. t., to stock; to haft;

to helve, as a plow or gun; iskifa yan

opi, to helve the ax; lanainpo an opi, to

stock the gun; hullohpi. alqlhpl, pass.
opia, v. a. i., to be evening; to become

evening; ikopia, 1 Sam. 20:5; oplqt taha

ma, when the evening was come, Matt.

8: 16; 14: 15, 23; sionopia, the evening

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

307

is upon me; opianka, nasal form, when
or while it is the evening.

opia, n., the evening, i. e., the latter
part of the afternoon; even; eventide,
Josh. 8: 29.

opiachi, v. t., to make it evening; il-
anumpuli kat ilopiachitok, we talked till
evening.

opiaka, n., the evening; the time from
about the middle of the afternoon
until sundown, Matt. 16: 2; "even,"
Josh. 5: 10.

opiaka impa, n., supper; the evening
meal.

opiaka impa Chisas Klaist at apesa-
tok, n., the Eucharist; the Lord's
Supper.

opiakmanya, v. a. i. , to approach toward
night; evening is approaching.

opiakmanya, n., nightfall.

opitama, pp. sing., passed by; lapped.

opitamoa, pp. pi., passed by; lapped.

opitamoli, v. t. pi., to pass by; to lap.

opitammi, sing, (see aiopitammi), v. t.,
to pass by; to lap over, like shingles; ili-
opitammi, to pass each other.

opoma, v. t., to mock, Gen. 39: 17.

oppi, see opi.

osapa, n., a lot; a field; a farm; a plan
tation; a cornfield, Luke 6: 1; an en
closure for cultivation, Matt. 12: 1; 13:
24, 44; a portion, 2 Kings 9: 21, 26; a
plat of ground, 2 Kings 9: 26.

osapa atoni, n., a scarecrow; a field
guard.

osapa chuka talaia, n., a farmhouse.

osapa isht atta, n., a farmer; a hus
bandman; husbandry.

osapa pilesa, v. t., to cultivate a field;
to farm.

osapa takkon aiasha, n., a peach or
chard.

osapa toksali, v. t., to work a field; to
farm; to till a field.

osapa toksali, n., a farmer; a planter; a
tiller of the ground; a husbandman;
husbandry.

osapushi, n., a small field; u garden;
" a patch."

osapushi apesachi, n., a gardener, John
20: 15.

osapushi toksali, n., a gardener.

onsini, 11., a bumblebee; a humblebee.

onsird bila, n., a bumblebee's honey.

onsini hakshup, n., the comb of the
bumblebee.

onsini inchuka, n., the nest of the bum
blebee.

[oskau, n., the white crane (Sixtowns
dialect).— H. S. II.]

oski, uski, n., cane; oski naki, an arrow.

oskoba, 11., small cane. [This word is
worn down from oski holht, canelike,
and is often used as a synonym of ku*-
shak, a reed, reedbrake. As a local
name it still exists in the name of
Scooba, Mississippi. — H. S. H.]

oskonush, n., old seed cane; oski onush
is the word in full; oskish, small, low
cane; oski sliifilli, a small kind of cane.

oskula, n., a pipe; a flute; a fife, Matt.
11:17; 9: 23.

onssi, n., an eagle; applied to the gold
coin called eagle.

onssushi, n., an eaglet; an eagle's egg;
a young eagle.

osh, an art. pro. in the nom. case. Li-
bias osh, Lebbeus whose, Matt. 10: 3.

oshanichi, v. a. i., to have a redness or
soreness of skin; slightly inflamed.

oshanichi, n., a redness and soreness of
the skin.

oshawilah, n., a sty.

oshan, n., the otter.

oshato , n. , the womb ; osJiato net na afoyuka
keyti, Luke 23: 29; ishke imoshato, John
3:4.

oshetik, ushetik, n. (from uslii and tek) ;
a daughter, ushetik hachiama, ye daugh
ters, Luke 23: 28.

onshichakmo, v. a. i., to be wet with the
dew, as clothes, etc.

oshke, see ishke.

ot, an article pronoun.

ontapa; siaiontapa.

otani, ottani, oktani (q. v.), to reveal,
Matt. 1: 18; 10:26; 17:3; John 9:3;
Josh. 7: 15; ikimotaiyano, 1 Sam. 3: 7;
otanichi, causative; see oktanichi.

otapi, n., a chestnut tree.

oti, v. t., to make a fire; to kindle afire;
to strike up a fire; to kindle; to light;
to ascend; ulhti, olulhti, pi. pp., kin
dled, etc. ; isht olulhti, " kindling wood."

oti, n., a fire kindler.

oti, uti, 11., a chestnut.

oti hakshup, n., a chestnut burr.

308

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

owa, n., a hunt; a long hunting expedi
tion; when hunters are absent for
weeks or months; oim chito, owa ishto,
from whence is said to come Washita, a
big hunting place. [This is certainly
erroneous. The Washita was named
from a tribe which probably spoke a
language entirely distinct from Choc-
taw.— Eds.]

owatta, v. t. (from owa and atta) , to hunt.

owatta, n., a hunter.

pachanli, v. a. i. sing., to crack; to chap;

to open; oti at pachanli, ydkni at

pachanli, ibbak at pachanli.
pachanli, pp., cracked; chapped; opened,
pachanli, n., a crack; a chap,
pachanlichi, v. t. or caus., to cause to

crack open.
pachansi, a., shallow.
pachalh, n., a mat made by weaving the

bark of cane; a cane mat.
pachalhpali, pachalhpuli, n., a striped

snake; the gartersnake.
pachashli, v. a. i., pi. of pachanli, to crack

open; pachashli, pp.; pachashlichi, v. t.

pi. or caus.

pachashli, n., cracks.
panfa, pass, v., challenged.
panfi, v. t., to challenge; to brave; to offer;

to dare; to defy; to stump; to provoke;

to fall on; tinfcba sapanfi, he challenges

me first; itinpanfi, to challenge each

other; pawjfi, nasal form.
panfi, n., a challenge.
panfi, nan panfi, n., a challenger.
pannchi, v. t., to cause to challenge; to

cause a challenge.
pah.sh.ala, v. a. i., to be rough; iti hak-

ftltup at pashala.
pahshala, a., rough; husky,
pahshala, n., roughness; huskiness.
paieli, v. a. i., to wave, as water and

standing grain or grass; oka at paieli,

wall hat wall na otnixh at paieli.
paieli, n., a wave; a waving,
paielichi, v. t., to cause waves,
paiofa, v. a. i., to bend over, as the edge

of a hoe or the leaf of a book; chahe at

paiofa; baslt JH> at pa! of a.
paiofa, pp., bent up; bent over.
paiofa, n., a bend or batter on a tool.
paioffi, v. t., to bend up; to batter; to

dull a tool.

paioffi., n., one who bends.

paioha, pp. pi., bent up; bent over.

paiokachi, v. a. i., to wave; to swell and
roll as water; to ride on the waves.

paiokachi, pp., waved; tossed on the
waves; okfochush at oka ka paiokachi,
the duck is tossed on the water.

paiolichi, v. t. , to cause the waves to flow;
to cause a tree to wave; to shake; mail
hat oka yon paiolichi; iti an paiolicheli.

paioli, v. t. pi., to bend over; to bend
up.

paiolichi, v. t., to cause to bend.

pankachunsi, pankachanshi, panku-
chashi, n., a small sour grape.

pakalichi, a.; umba pakalichi; v. i., to
rain hard.

pakama, a., pp., deceived; fooled; im
posed upon.

pakama, n., deceit.

pakamoa, pp. pi., deceived; fooled.

pakamoli, v. t. pi., to deceive; to im
pose upon.

pakanli, v. a. i., to blossom; to bloom;
to flower; isito api at pakahanli na bilia.

pakanli, pp. , blossomed ; blown ; bloomed ;
flowered.

pakanli, n., a blossom; a blow; a bloom;
a flower.

pakanli laua, a., flowery; full of blos
soms.

pakanlichi, v. t., to cause to blossom, etc.

pakammi, v. t., to deceive; to cheat;
•isJit pakammi, to witch.

pakammi, n., a deceiver.

pankapi, n., a grapevine; a vine.

pankapi aholokchi, n., a vineyard.

panki, pankki, n., a grape; grapes, Matt.
7:16.

panki chito shila, n., a raisin.

panki okchi, pank okchi, 11., wine; grape
juice; the juice of the grape.

pakna, n., the top; the upper side; the
surface; the face, Matt. 6: 10; patalhpo
pakna, on a bed, Matt. 9: 2; aboha pak
na, house top, Matt. 10: 27; 1(>: 19;
Josh. 2: 11; apakna, an abundance;
paknali, pi., the outside.

pakna, v. n., to be on the top; itimpakna,
v. t., to compete; kilitimpakna, let us
compete; to rival; to strive; ikitimpakno,
not strive, Matt. 12: 19.

paknaka, n., the top; the surface; the
brim; the peak; yakn! paknaka, John

feYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

309

3: 12; tali paknaka yon, upon a rock,
Matt. 7: 25.

paknanka, n., the summit; the outside,
Matt. 2: 9; as chunkash paknaka, the
crown of a hat or hill, etc.; yakni pak
naka, Matt. 17: 25; paknakeka; pakna-
kekachi, v. t. caus.

paknaka, a., superficial; exterior; ex
trinsic; paknali, pi., Luke 6: 49[?].

paknaka, v. n., to be above.

paknaka, prep., over.

paknaka hikiat pisa, v. t., to overlook.

paknaka ontalaia, n., the cap sheaf;
that which lies on top.

paknakachi, paknakachi, caus., Col.
3: 14. '

paknanli, adv., Matt. 23: 28; to be out-
*ward and continue so.

paknachi, v. t., to cause to go over; pak-
nachit pila, to bend over; paknalichi, pi.

pakota, pokota, v. a. i. sing., to break in
t\vo; to break off.

pakota, pp., broken; tali at pakota.

pakota, n., that which is broken.

pakti, n., a mushroom; a toadstool; a
fungus.

pakti shobota, n., a puff ball.

pankuchashi, see pankachunsi.

pakulli, v. t., to break, but not to sever;
to crack.

pakullichi, v. t., to cause to break.

palata, a., homesick; lovesick; longing
for something; anxious; lonesome; soli
tary, as one alone in a great prairie or
wilderness.

palata, v. n., to be homesick, 2 Sam. 13:
39; impalata, he is homesick.

palata, n., a homesickness; the feeling
of that nature.

palatachi, v. t., to cause to be homesick.

palammi, a., inexorable; mighty; op
pressive; potent; powerful; rigorous;
sharp; sore; stern; strict; terrible; tight;
tremendous; tyrannical; violent; te
dious; burdensome; cruel; austere; se
vere; arduous; strong; fearful; fell;
grievous; hard; heavy.

palammi, v. a. i.; na chinpalammi, woe
be to thee, Matt. 11: 21; inpalqmmi,
woe unto it, Matt. 18: 7.

palammi, pp., embittered; isht inpalqm-
ini, Matt. 5: 10.

palammi, a., Almighty; n., Almighty;
used to describe one of the attributes
of God.

palammi, v. n., to be almighty; C'hiho-
ira hat palammi hoke.

palammi, n., a hardship; hardness; hard
iness; power; rigor; severity; sharp
ness; strictness; woe, Matt. 23: 23;
kucha kapassa kat palammi fehna Jioke;
nana palammi, wrath, Josh. 9: 20.

palammi, adv., sharply.

palammi atapa, a., insufferable; insup
portable, intolerable.

palammichi, v. t., to render tedious,
severe, etc.; to embitter; palqmminchi,
n. f ; palammil, con. form., severely.

palammichi, n., a tyrant.

palaska, v. a. i., to bake.

palaska, pp., a., baked; ikpalasko, a.,
unbaked; paska, v. t.

palaska, n., that which is baked; a loaf,
etc., so* palaska achafa; naki palaska, pi-
shukchi palaska.

palatha, n., the part of an earring that
hangs loose at the lower end.

palsi, palisi, n., palsy. It is more nat
ural to a Choctaw to say palisi than
palsi.

palak, n. sing., a crack; a pop, and noise
made when something splits.

palakachi, v. a. i. pi., to crack; lit., to say
palak.

palali, v. a. i. pi., to split.

palali, pass., to be split.

palalichi, n., a splitter.

palalichi, v. t. pi., to split; to cause to
split; to divide into several pieces.

palalak, n. pi., cracks.

palampoa, shaped like a four-sided bot
tle.

palanta, n., nasal form, anything split;
a splitting; a piece split, as a board or
shingle.

palata, v. a. i. sing., to split; to cleave;
to divide.

palata, pass., split; cleft; itapalata, split
apart, or in two; halved; divided.

palata, spalt; split; shaky.

palata, n., a side; a half; a piece split
off; a cleft; a division.

palalli, v. t. sing., to split; to open; to
halve; to divide; to cleave; to rend; see
pali; itapalalli, to split apart, or asunder.

palalli, n., a splitter; an opener.

panaklo, ponaklo, v. a. i., v. t., to in
quire after; to question; to ask; nana
hon chimpanaklo sabanna.

310

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

panaklo, n., an inquirer,
panala, a., crooked; winding, as a shingle,
panashuk, n., linden; bass wood,
pancha, n., a flag called "cattail."
panti, n., cattail; the upper end of the

stalk where the down grows.
pasalichi, see pasalichi.
pashanfa, pp., gashed; see chanyat pash-

anfa.

panshafoli, n., a green snake.
panshahama, n., oil for the head; an oil

bag, such as some animals have.
panshansha, a., hairy; haired; having

hair.

pashaya, v. n., to be slanting, not per
pendicular or square, as in cutting off a

tree,
pashaffi, v. t. , to gash ; see chani/at pa-

shanfa, gashed.
pansh falakto, n., a fork-tailed hawk; a

swallow-tailed hawk.
pansh iksh.0, a., hairless; bald.
panshishtahama, n., oil used in anoint
ing the head, Luke 7: 46.
pansh isht kashokachi, n., a hairbrush.
pansh isht kasholichi, n., a hairbrush.
pansh isht talakchi. n. , a fillet.
pansh tohbi, n., white hair; gray hair.
pansh tohbi, a., gray-headed.
pansh umbala, n., sorrel hair; isuba

panshumbala,

pansh yinyiki, n., curled hair.
panshi, n., hair; the long hair of the

head, or simply the hair of the head;

the head, Matt. 10: 30; Itishi q. v. is

the word for hair of other kinds.
panshi chito, a., hairy; n., thick hair.
panshi ialipa, n., a wig.
panshi imahaiya, n., a cowlick.
panshi isht hila, AT. t., to dance round

the scalp of an enemy.
panshi isht hila, n., a war dance.
panshi isht hila, n., a war dancer.
panshi isht talakchi, n., a fillet.
panshi lunfa, panshi nushkobo lunfa,

n., a seal]).
panshi lunfa, panshi nushkobo lunfa,

pp., scalped.
panshi lunfi, panshi nushkobo lunfi,

v. t., to seal]).
panshi lunn, n., a scalper.
panshi sita, n., a hair ribbon; hair tied

up, called a pig tail.

panshi tanna, n., sackcloth; hair cloth;
na pansJii tanna, Matt. 11: 21.

pashia, n., a rim of a hat or vial.

pashoha, pp., rubbed; stroked.

pasholi, posholi, pi. of potoli, v. t., to
feel of; to rub; to stroke; to handle, as
a horse; to palm.

panshpoa, pp., swept, Matt. 12: 44;
brushed.

panshpuli, v. t., to sweep; to brush.

panshpuli, 11., a sweeper.

panshtali, n., a cockleburr; the name
of a weed.

patafa, v. a. i., to split open.

patafa, pp., split open; plowed; fur
rowed; tilled; ikpatafo, a., unplowed.

patafa, n., a split; a furrow.

patafa alhpesa, a., arable; suitable for
plowing.

patafa hinla, a., arable.

patafa hinla, n., plow land.

patali, v. t., to spread; to spread out, as
a blanket; to lay; to cover over; as iti
shima patali, to strew; 'shukbo patali;
see umpatali, etc., to spread on.

patali, n., a spreader.

patali, v. a. i. pi., to split; to come open.

patali, pp. pi., split open; cut open; fur
rowed.

patalichi, v. t., to split open; to cause to
open; to rifle.

patalichi, n. , a splitter.

patapo, n., a pallet; bed clothing; a
blanket, skin, or bed spread to sleep on.

patasah, a., large, broad, and flat.

patasachi, v. t. sing., to level; to make
flat; to flat; to plain.

patasachi, n., a leveler.

patasachi, pattasachi, n., a level val
ley; a name applied to the Mississippi
swamp; an interval; bottom land; a
plain.

patasachi, a., level; low; plain; as yakirt
patasachi; patasxqchi, pp., leveled.

patasalli, v. t,, to flatten; to make ilat;
to level; naki lumbo patasalli; itilanicJiit
patassqli, to spread it even, like butter
on bread or salve on a cloth.

pataspoa, pi., flat; iti pataspoa, flat
pieces of wood; puncheons for a floor.

pataspoa, v. n., to be flat.

pataspoa, pp., made flat; flattened.

pataspuli, v. t. pi., to flatten; to make
them flat; iti pala pataspuli.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

pataswa, pi., a flat.

pataswa, pataswa, pp., v. n., to be

flat.

patashechi, v.'t., to level.
patashua, pp., v. a. i., flattened,
patashuli, v. t. pi., to flatten.
pataffi, v. t. sing., to split open; to cut

open; to plow; to furrow; to trench;

yakni an pataffi; nafoka yan pataffi; itapa-

tqffi, to till; patafa hinla, a., tillable.
pataffi, n., a splitter; a tiller,
patala, a., flat,
patala, v. n., to be flat,
patalhpo, pp., irompatti, v. t., or patali,

spread; strewed, Matt. 24: 26; aba pa
talhpo, a chamber.
patalhpo, n., a spread; a pallet; a couch,

Luke 5: 24; Mark 2: 9; a bed, Matt. 9:

2,6.

pataskachi, pp. pi., leveled; flattened,
pataspoa, a. pi., pataspoa (q. v. ), flat,
patassa, a. sing., flat; level; smooth;

small and flat; yakni patassa; pataspoa,

pi.

patassa, n., flatness,
pataswa, see pataswa.
panya, v. a. i., to cry; to halloo; to call;

to bark; to whoop; to cry out, Luke 4:

33; inpanya, v. t., to exclaim; to roar;

to shriek; to scream; to screech; to

vociferate; to yell.
panya, n., a cry; a whoop; a yell; a

clamor; an exclamation; a war whoop.
panya, n., a crier; one who halloos,

whoops, yells; a recreant; one wTho

cries for mercy in a contest; a roarer.
panyachi, v. t, to cause him to cry; to

make him wrhoop, etc.
pablikan, pablikan, n., a publican, Luke

3: 12; a collector of toll or tribute, Matt.

18: 17.
pachaiasha, n. , a pigeon roost, or a resort

for pigeons.

pachanusi, n., a pigeon roost,
pachalhpowa, pachalhpoba, n., a dove,

John 2: 14.
pachi, n., a pigeon,
pachi yoshoba, pachi yoshuba, pach

oshoba, n., a turtle dove, a dove, Luke

8: 22; Matt. 3: 16; 10: 16.
pachushi, 11., a squab; a young pigeon; a

pigeon egg.
pafachi, n., a puff, taken from English

to puff, I presume. — C. B.

pafachi, v. a. i., to puff.

paffala, n., pqjj aloha, pi., a .swelling; a
bump, such as is made by a lash on the
skin.

paffala alota, full of swellings.

pala, n., a candle; a lamp; a torch; alight;
a taper, Matt. 5: 15; 6: 22; 25: 1, 7, 8;
Luke 15: 8; pala idtl qln, bring a candle.

pala, v. a. i., to shine, as a candle; pala
hat pala, the candle shines.

pala, pp., lighted.

pala afoka, n., a candlestick; a sconce;
a lantern.

pala aiakmo, n., a candle-mold.

pala aionhikia, n., a candlestick, Matt.
5: 15; a candle-stand; a lamp-post.

pala inchuka, n., a lantern.

pala isht kalasha, n., snuffers; candle-
snuffers.

pala isht kicheli, 11., snuffers.

pala isht mosholichi, n., a candle-
extinguisher.

pala isht taptuli, n., a candle-snuffer;
snuffers.

pala ontalaia, n., a candlestick, Luke
8: 16.

pala ponola lua, n., candle snuff; burnt
candlewick.

pala toba, n., candle stuff.

pala tohwikeli, n., candle light.

palali, v. t., to light a candle, torch, or
lamp; to carry a light; to light, Matt.
5: 15; ninak palali, to make or carry a
torchlight in the night.

palampa, n., a meteor.

palattokacni, v. a. i., to jar; iti at kinafa-
ina yakni at pallqttokachi.

palhki, a., quick; hasty; soon; fast; rap
id; spry; cursor}7; fleet; impetuous;
swift.

palhki, v. n. , to be quick; chipalhki fehna.

palhki, pp.. quickened; hurried; has
tened.

palhki, v. a. i., to dart; to move quickly.

palhki, n., quickness; activity; rapidity;
velocity.

palhki, adv., quickly.

palhkichechi, v. t., to hasten; to accel
erate.

pallikichi, v. t., to hasten; to hurry; to
cause to move fast.

palhkit anya, v. a. i., to skim; to go
along fast; to fleet.

palhkit anya, a., fleeting.

312

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHiSTOLOGY

[BULL. 46

palhpakachi, a. pi. ; nishkin pqlhpakqchi,

bright eyes.

pali, a., short, as a vest.
pali, ii., a flying squirrel,
palli, a., hot; warm; sultry (a Chickasaw

word).

palli, v. n., to be warm,
palli, n., summer.
palli, v. t. pi., patali, sing., to spread

them, Matt. 21: 7; Mark 11: 7, 8.
palokachi, v. a. i., to jar.
palokachi, pp., jarred; yakni winakqchi-

niqt yakni at palokachi.
palokachi, n., a jar; a shake,
pala, v. a. i. pi., to split.
pala, pp., split; itapqla, divided.
pala, n. pi., that which is split.
palakachi, v. t., to rebuke; to appease;

ponkqchi, Luke 8: 24.
palalichih, v. t. pi., Ps. 78: 15, to cleave

(the rocks).
pali, v. t. pi., to split; to split them. See

palali, itakowa pali, to split firewood;

holihta pali, to split rails; holihla toba

pali, to split f ence stuff ; itapqli, to divide.
pali, n., a splitter; a divider.
pana, v. a. i., to twist two or three

strands together.
pana, pp., a., twisted; braided; plaited;

aseta pana, John 2: 15; ponola pana; ita-

pqna, Ex. 26: 1.
pana, n., a twist; a braid; that which is

braided; a plait.
panni, v. t., to twist two or three strands

together, as when a rope is made; to

braid ; to plait.
panni, n., a plaiter.
pasa, pp., cut into thin slices or pieces,

as meat is cut for drying in the sun;

see pqsli.
pasa, n., a thin piece; a slice; a side; as

shukha nipi pasa; irak nipi pasa.
pasaha, passaha, v. t. pi., to slap; to

spank; to box; to cuff; to thwack,

Mark 14: 65.
pasaha, n., a slapping; one who slaps,

boxes, etc.; a boxer,
pasalichi, pasalichi, v. t. sing., to slap;

to strike with the open hand; to spank;

to buffet; to cuff; to pat; to thwack,
pasalichi, n., a box; a slap; a blow with

the open hand; a pat; one who smites

with the open hand.

paskalwasha,n., fried bread; a nut cake;

a doughnut; a fritter.
pask ikbi, n., a baker,
paska, v. t., to bake; yqmmqskqt luak

iksita onochit pqska, Gen. 18: 6; pqskali,

I bake bread,
paska, n., bread, Matt. 7: 9; a loaf,

Matt. 14: 17, 19, pqska yash 0™, the

loaves, Matt. 14: 19; bread, Matt. 15:

2; alia impqska, children's bread, Matt.

15: 26; Josh. 5: 11.
paska, n., a baker,
paska alibishli, paska libishli, n., a

toasting iron.
paska ayamaska, n., a kneading trough

or tray; tanch pushi ayamqska; onuslibola

ayamaska.

paska alhpusha, n., toast.
paska banaha, n., the Choctaw* bread

which is rolled up in corn husks or

leaves and then boiled; dumplings; a

a roll of bread.

paska banahachi, v. t., to make Choc-
taw bread, etc.

paska champuli, n., cake; sweet bread,
paska chanaha, n., a loaf of bread; a

wheel of bread.
paska holitopa, n., showbread, Luke

6:4; sacred bread,
paska isht shatammi, n., leaven, Matt.

16: 6, 11.
paska isht shatainmichi, n., leaven;

yeast.
paska kallo, n., a cracker; hard bread;

biscuit.

paska libishli, see pqska alibishli.
paska otani, n., the showbread, Matt.

*12: 4.

paska shatammi, n., leavened bread.
paska shatammichi, v. t., to leaven

bread.
paska shatammichi, n., leaven, Matt.

13: 33.

Paskokla, see Bqshokla.
pasli, v. t., to cut meat into thin slices; to

slice.

pasli, n., one who cuts into thin slices.
passaha, see pasaha.
passalohah, pi. of pqss<di, warped up.
pasha, n., a cracknel, 1 Kings 14: 3.
pashanoha, v. a. i. pi., to warp.
pata, v. a. i., to spread.
pata, pp., spread; pqlli,\. t. ; pataya, pro.

form.

A DICTIONABY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

313

patakitta, n., a brave.

patha, a., wide; broad; capacious; large;
ample; extensive, Matt. 7: 13; hopatka,
pi.; ikpatho, a., narrow; scanty; pp.,
narrowed.

patha, v. n., to be wide, broad.

patha, n., width; breadth; latitude.

patha0, pp., widened.

patha alhpiesa, a. , ample; wide enough.

pathachi, v. t., to widen; to make broad;
•ikpatltochi, v. t., to straiten; to narrow.

patkachi, pp. pi. spread; palli, v. t.

pattasachi, see patasachi.

peh, adv., merely; simply; just; nothing;
only, Josh. 1:7; 2: 11; as peh makali,
peh iali, nothing only I am going; pehik-
lanna, just middling.

peh ansha, a., neutral; merely sitting.

peh ansha, v. n., to be neutral; merely to
stay or sit.

peh alhpesa, a., ordinary.

pehna, pp., saved, as seed kept for plant
ing.

pehna, n., seed for planting; seed corn.

pehnachi, v. t., to save or lay up seed
corn, or any seed for planting; ish-
pehnachi alhpesa, you ought to save the
seed.

pehta, n., a raft; afloat.

pelechi, n., a brood; a litter; pelechi
achafa, one brood.

peli, v. t. pi., (pass. , piha; sing., ishi), to
take up; to take a way dust, dirt, leaves,
grass, to shovel up; to take up by means
of an instrument; to rake; to scoop; to
gather fish, Matt. 13: 47.

peli, n., one who takes up; a scooper.

pelicheka, pelecheka, n., a ruler; a
chairman; a presiding officer; a mod
erator; a dominator; an earl; the ex
ecutive; a governor; a head; a head
man; an intendant; a leader; a presi
dent; a superintendent; master, Matt.
10: 25; pelecheka aliha, rulers.

pelichi, v. t. pi., to manage; to order; to
overrule; to oversee; to reign; to rule;
to superintend; to sway; to govern more
than one, Mark 11: 11; to conduct; to
lead, Matt. 15: 14; to control; to con
voy; to direct; to dominate; to dom
ineer; to reign over, Luke 1: 33; to
take, as a husband or father takes,
Matt. 2: 20, 21; to guide; to head; to
keep; to lord; to marshal; to preside,

Matt. 8: 9; 12: 45; pelinchi, nasal form;
peliechi, pro. form; pellet; pdlnt, Luke
6: 17[?].

peh'chi, n., a reign; a rule.

pelichi, n., a ruler; a leader; a governor;
a chief; a controller; a guide; a lord; a
manager; a marshal; a master; a presi
dent; a principal; a rector; a regent; a
ringleader, Matt. 2:4; 13:52; Ifi: 21;
John 3: 1; oUa pelichi, officers of the
people, Josh. 1:10.

pelichi achafa, n., a company.

pelichika aiasha, n., a throne; a ruler's
seat.

penafana, n., a helm; a steering oar.

penalopulli, n., a ferry.

peni, n., a boat; a trough; a barge; a
yawl; a skiff; a canoe; peni on, a #Mp,
Matt. 9: 1; peni chukowama, when he" -
was entered into a ship, Matt. 8: 23; peni
ashon, the ship, Matt. 8: 24; a pirogue;
a ship, Luke 5: 2, 3; Matt. 14: 13, 24,
32, 33; pehni at ala, the boat has ar
rived; a ferry; peni ato, the ship, Matt.
14: 24.

peni ahoponi, n., a caboose.

peni alota, n., a cargo; a shipload; a
ship's cargo.

peni ataiya, n., a boat landing; a land
ing; a harbor; a port.

peni ataya, a., navigable.

peni chitataya, n., a ship harbor; a
harbor; a haven.

peni chito, n., a ship; a brig; a vessel;
a large boat; a sailer; peni hocheto, n.,
ships; shipping.

peni chito aiitibi, n., a sea fight; a
naval action; a frigate.

peni chito fohki, v. t., to ship; to put on
board of a ship; to embark.

peni chito fohkit pila, v. t., to ship.

peni chito foka, pp., shipped; em
barked.

peni chito foka, v. a. i., to embark.

peni chito ibish, n., the bow of a boat.

peni chito ikbi, n., a shipbuilder; a
shipwright.

peni chito inkotah, n., the mast of a
ship.

peni chito isht anya, n., a shipmaster;
a sailor.

peni chito kapetani, n., a shipmaster
or a ship captain.

peni chito koa, n., a shipwreck.

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[BULL. 46

peni chito koli, v. t., to shipwreck; to

break a ship.

peni chito okpulo, pp., shipwrecked,
peni fohki, v. t., to put on board of a
boat; to embark.

peni foka, pp., put on board of a boat;
embarked.

peni foka, v. a. i., to go on board; to em
bark; to take ship, Matt. 15: 39.

peni hasimbish, n., the stem of a boat.

peni hochito, n., large ships; ships.

peni hochito kanomona, peni hochito
laua, n., a navy.

peni ibish, n., the bow of a boat; the
stem of a boat; the end of a boat; the
prow.

peni inkapetani, n., a boat captain.

peni intalaia, n., a ferry.

peni inponola, n., a boat rope; a cable.

peni inshapo, n., a boat's cargo; a boat
load.

peni isht afana, n., the helm of a boat.

peni isht anya, v. t., to navigate a boat;
to navigate; to pilot.

peni isht anya, n., a sailor; a boatman;
a pilot; a mariner; a navigator.

peni isht anya imalhtoba, n., pilotage.

peni isht atta, n., a ferryman; a boat
man; a bargeman; a sailor; a water
man.

peni isht chanya, n., an adze; an ad-
dice.

peni isht fullolichi, n. , a rudder; a helm.

peni isht moa, n., an oar.

peni isht munfa, n., a paddle.

peni isht talakchi, 11., a boat rope; a
cable; a painter.

peni koa kafolichi, v. t., to calk a
cracked boat.

peni kucha, v. t., to disembark.

peni kucha alhtoba, 11., ferriage.

peni kuchichi, v. t., to ferry.

peni kula, n., a canoe; a dug boat,

peni kula falaia, n., a long canoe; a pi
rogue.

peni luak, n., a steamboat; a steamer.

peni luak shali, n., a steamboat.

peni nushkobo, n., the bow of a boat.

peni patassa, 11., a ilatboat; a ferry
boat; a pontoon; a scow.

peni patassa fohkit isht anya, v. t., to

SCOW.

peni patha, n., a ferryboat; an ark; a
large boat used on American rivers.

peni shohala, n., abatteau; alight boat.

penushi, 11., a skiff; a yawl; a small
boat; an ark, such as Moses lay in
when found by Pharaoh's daughter,
John 21: 8.

penushi palhki, n., a skiff; a fast-run
ning skiff.

pi, per. pro., we; nom. case, 1st per. pi.
of neuter verbs, as pinusi, we sleep;
pikallo, we are strong; see rhi. The
vowel i is often dropped before another
vowel, as illi, to die; pilli, we die.

pi, per. pro., we; nom. case, 1st per. pi.
of passive verbs, as pinala, we are
wounded.

pi, per. pro., us; obj. case, before active
transitive verbs; pipesa, he sees us;
ishpitilelikma, thou sendest us, Josh.
1: 16.

pi, pos. pro., our; nom. case, before
nouns which are the names of the body
and a few more, as pihaknip, our bodies.

pin, pos. pro., our; nom. case, 1st per. pi.,
as pinholisso, our book; pinwak, our
cattle; pin is found before words that
do not begin with a vowel, or the con
sonants ch, I, t, and p. (See clii.}

pin, per. pro., dative case and usually
translated with a prep., as, of us, for us,
from us, to us, etc., and found before
words beginning as stated under pin-
ishpinmiha, thou commandest us, Josh.
1:16.

pin, pass. pro. , 1st per. pi. , us, our; removed
from the iiouii in the nom. and placed
before the verb, as tali Jiolisso pinhotina,
he has counted our money, or, he has
counted the money for us.

pia, per. pro., 1st per. pi., we; hatak api
humma put, we red men.

piaichi, see pialichi.

piakachi, v. a. i., to wave; to swell and
roll, as small waves; to ripple.

piakachi, pp., made to wave; rippled;
moved; agitated, as water, John 4: 4[?].

pialichi, piaichi, v. t., to trouble water;
to make water wave or ripple, John

pichali, n., a rat.

pichali isht illi, n., ratsbane; arsenic.

pichefa, v. a. i. sing., to break open and

run out.
picheli, pi. of pichefa.

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

315

pichelichi, bichillichi, v. t., to burst

them; to break them; to cause to ooze

out.
pichi, pihchi, ri., sorrel, name of a weed;

see hachukkashaha.

pichiffi, v. t., to squeeze, so that some
thing will run out.
pichilli, bichilli, v. a. i. p\.,pichefa, sing.,

to ooze out; to leak out; to run out; to

leak; to drip; okayat sakti yan pichilli;

italhfoa yat bichilli, the keg leaks.
pinfa, pp., brushed off; scraped away;

scraped; hituk at pinfa; pinfat itanaha,

scraped together.
pinfi, v. t., to brush off; to scrape away;

to scum; to sweep away, as water carries

off leaves and the earth; hituk an pinfi;

pinfit itannali; hashtap an pinfi; bok an

pinfi.
piha,pp. (hompeli), taken up; shoveled

up; scooped; scummed; hituk chubi at

piha; ahe at piha; tanchi at piha.
pihcha, pihchi, n., a loft; a chamber; a

corn crib raised from the ground by

long posts.
pihchi, see pichi.
pikalichi, v. t., to rinse, as a bucket or a

cup when dirty.

pikayu, n., a groat; a half dime; half a bit.
pinki, n., our father.
Pinki aba, Aba pinki, n., our Heavenly

Father; God.
Pinki chito, n., our great Father; the

President of the United States.
Pinki chitokaka, n., our great Father;

the President.
Pinki ishto, n., our Great Father; God;

PonJd ishto, the Chickasaw equivalent.
Pinki ishtoka, n., our Great Father; the

President of the United States; Pinki

ishtokaka aba binili, our Great Father

who sits in Heaven,
pikofa, v. a. i., sing., to chafe, as, it chafes;

to fret by rubbing; to fret; to gall.
pikofa, pp., chafed; heated; fretted by

rubbing; excoriated; fretted; galled;

isuba noli at pikofa; isuba haktampi at

pikofa.
pikoffi, v. t., to chafe; to fret and wrear

by rubbing; to excite inflammation by

rubbing; to excoriate; to gall.
pikoffi, 11., a chafer; one who chafes,
pikoffichi, v. t., to cause to chafe,
pikofichi, n., a chafer.

pikoli, pikoli, v. a. i. pi , to chafe; to
fret by rubbing.

pikoli, pp., chafed; fretted; rubbed till
sore.

pikolichi, v. t., to chafe; to fret; to ml).

pinkshi,n., a knag; a knot; as tiakpinMii,
a pine knot.

pila, v. t., to pitch; to project; to trans
mit; to send; to throw; to cast; to toss;
to fling; to heave; to forward; to con
vey; to dispatch; to further; tolaunch;
holisso pila, to convey a letter; anumpa
inpinla, Josh. 2:3; holisso et pe.la, to
send a letter this way; holisso pit pela, to
send a letter that way; ttepila, to cast
himself down.

pila, n., a cast; a throw; a fling.

pila, n., a sender; a caster; a thrower.

pila, adv., toward and in a direction
from the speaker; off; toward.

pilashash, yesterday, John 4: 52.

pilefa, v. a. i., to bend over, like the edge,
of a hoe.

pilefa, pp., bent over.

pilefa, n., a bend.

pilesa, v. a. i., to work; to labor; to toil.

pilesa, n., a laborer.

pilesa, n., labor; work.

pilesachi, v. t., to work; to cause to work;
to labor; amisuba han pilesachi.

piliffi, v. t., to pull up.

pilla, prep., at, to, from, or in a distant
place or time; pilla refers to space and
time both; off to; off there or at, as
falammi pilla, to the north: at the north;
aiali pilla, Matt. 12: 42; Chintail aiasha
pilla, the way of the Gentiles, Matt.
10: 5; toward, 2 Sam. 24: 5. This dif
fers from pila (q. v. ), meaning toward,
in the direction of; ilappa pilla, away
yonder; away this way.

pilla, adv., away; away off; remotely.

pilla, v. a. i., to be free; "freely," Gen.
2:16; pilla hon, "freely," Matt. 10:8.

pilla, adv., merely; nothing; a Chickasaw
wordhavingthe force of pehin Choctaw.

piloa, v. a. i. pi., to bend over; pile/a,
sing.

piloa, pp., bent over.

piloli, v. t., to bend them over.

pilema, pilimha, v. t., to bend, as the
leg; iyi at pilimha, to bend; pilimkachi,
pi.

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BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pilunka, v. a. i., to sneeze, as a horse.
sh(tnw<t, to snort, as a horse in play.

pihinka, n., a snee/ing.

pihinkachi, v. t., to cause to sneeze.

pirn, pos. pro., our, 1st per. pi., before
nouns beginning with a vowel, as phn-
isnbd, our horse.

pirn, pre. per. pro., 1st per. pi., in the
dative case before active transitive verbs
beginning with a vowel, and to be
rendered generally with a prep. ; aspim-
anuinpuli, talk to us.

pirn, per. pro. , before some neuter verbs
beginning with a vowel, and formed
from an adjective, as pimokpulo; see
chim.

pirn, prefixed to neuter and other verbs
instead of the noun, as allat pimilli,
all at piliialla, etc.

pimmi, adj. pro., our; ours.

pimmi, v. n., to be our.

pimmi toba, v. a. i., to become our.

pin, pre. pos. pro., our; 1st per. pi. nom.
or other case before nouns beginning
with ch, I, and t, as p'mcliuka, our house.

pin, pre. per. pro., in the dative case
before verbs beginning with ch, I, and t,
and usually translated with a prep., as
of us, to us, for us, from us; pinchumpa,
to buy of us.

pin, pos. pro., our; found before verbs
beginning with cJt, /, and t, where the
pro. or sign of it has been removed from
the noun and placed before the verb, as
pinak pintaha, tanchi at pintaha; in
stead of pinpinak at taha, etc.

pinak, n., provisions for a journey; vict
uals prepared beforehand, Josh. 1: 11;
9:11; provisions for man, cooked or not;
if cooked they are cold.

pinak imatali, v. t., to victual.

pinak imatali, n., a victualler.

pinak imaltaha, pp., victualled.

pinak toba, n., prepared provisions.

pinash, n., ropes of a vessel; rigging of a
vessel; cordage fora vessel; oakum; tow.

pinti, n., u mouse.

pinti ahokli, n., a mouse trap.

pintukii, n., a iield rat; a field mouse.

pisa, v. t., v. a. i., to see; to find; to
try; to attempt; to eye; to behold; to
discern; tostudy; to detect; to discover;
to look; to view; toexamine; to search;
to descry; to endeavor; to espy; to

essay; to have, John 3: 15, 16; to
read, Luke 6: 4; to receive, John 4:
36; to notice ; to perceive ; to pry
into; to prove; to seek; to stare; to
strive; to survey; to test; to view, Josh.
2: 1; to explore; to enjoy; to gain; to
gape; to gaze; to inspect; to investigate;
to ken; to notice; to reconnoiter; to
regard; to remark; to view, Josh. 7: 2;
to observe; to witness; Matt. 4:1; 5:1;
6: 4; 9: 9; 11: 8; 12: 44; Josh. 4: 12;
John 1: 41, 45; apisa, Matt. 18: 10;
apinsa,to be seeing in or at, Matt. 6:18;
ak apesoshke, I have not seen in, Matt.
8: 10; ilepisa, to see himself; ilapisa, to
look at or on himself; to consider him
self; to pretend, John 19: 7; pihinsa, to
pore over; piesa, pro. form; pinsa, nas.
form, hoyoli kia akpeso, though I seek
I do not see; ishkot pirn, imp., try to
drink; ont pisa, v. t., to visit; to go and
see; ikpeso, a., unseen, unread, untried;
pitpisa,MB,tt. 14: 26; pi8t,pin8t, contrac
tions.

pisa, 11., a view; a vision; a visit; an as
pect; a sight, as pisa tuklo; a descrip
tion; the looks; appearance; a pros
pect; an enterprise; an essay; an
examination; a gain; a gaze; an inspec
tion; an investigation; a mien; a shape;
a stare; a survey; a test; a trial.

pisa, n., one who sees; a student; a
viewer; an examiner; an explorer; an
eyer; a gainer; a gazer; an inspector;
an investigator; a looker; an observer;
aprier; a seer; a trier; a viewer; a wit
ness.

pinsa, n., a notice.

pinsa, n., an observer.

pinsa, a., ocular.

pisa aiukli, v. a. i., to beautify; to be
come pleasant to the sight.

pisa aiukli, pp., beautified; adorned.

pisa aiukli, a., fair; handsome.

pisa aiukli keyu, a., homely; ugly.

pisa aiuklichi, v. t., to beautify; to
adorn.

pisa fehna, v. t., to scan.

pisa hinla, a., visible; legible.

pisa ikachukmo, a., indecent; shapeless.

pisa inla, n., a prodigy.

pisa okpani, v. t., to disfigure, or to spoil
the looks; to deform.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

317

pisa okpulo, pp., deformed; defaced, as

to beauty.
pisa okpulo, a., grim; ghastly; hideous;

ugly.

pisa shali, a., studious.

pisachi, v. t., to show; to exhibit; to
teach; to instruct; to cause to see;
holisso han pisachi', iti an pisachi; yakni
an pisachilachi; pisanchi, making him
see, Deut. 7: 10.

pisachi, n., a teacher; a shower; an ex-
hibiter.

pisahe keyu, a., undistinguishable; illeg
ible; unsearchable.

pisat, from pisa and t, to see and.

pisat lopulli, v. t., to perambulate.

pinsiksho, n., a slight.

pist anya, n., a spy, Gen. 42: 9.

pishaiyik, n., the name of a weed, the
root of which is used in dyeing red.

pishankchi, n., an elder.

pinshali, n., our Master; our rabbi; see
Luke 3: 12; John 3: 26; 4: 31; sir,
Matt. 13: 27.

pishannuk, n., the basswood tree; the
linden tree.

pishechi, v. t., to nurse; to suckle; to
feed an infant at the breast or with a
bottle, Luke 23: 29; pishet,con.

pishi, v. a. i. , to draw the breast, as a child
or the young of an animal.

pishi, v. t., to suck the mother, as an in
fant; to draw the milk from the teat
with the mouth; to draw into the
mouth.

pishi, n., suck.

pinshi, n., a suckling, 1 Sam. 15: 3.

pishi issa, v. a. i., to stop sucking, as
children when weaned.

pishi issachi, v. t., to wean.

pishik, ipinshik, n., a teat, Luke 23: 29.

pishilukchi, hishilukchi, n., bran; tan-
pisluliikcld, corn bran.

pishkak, n., name of a weed that grows
along branches, used in coloring red;
puccoon; blood root.

pishno, per. pro. ,1st per.pl., nom. case,
we, Matt. 6: 12.

pishno, per. pro., 1st per. pi., obj. case,
us, Luke 3: 14; pishno ato, we, in con
trast wTith thee; i. e., the disciples and
the Savior, John 4: 22; Matt. 17: 19.

pishno, pos. case, ours; our.

pishno akinli, ourselves.

pishno yoka, a., thine.

pishno yokat, a., thine.

pishofa, pp. hulled, as corn in a mortar
with a pestle; tancld at pishofa, the corn
is hulled.

pishpiki, v. a. i., to rise and inflame like
a sore in the throat — Ishmayabi; or like
fungous flesh, called nipi lobafa.

pishuffi, v. t., to hull; tanchl pishvffi.

pishuk, n., name of a weed used in dye
ing red.

pishukchi, n., milk, Josh. 5: 6; I pre
sume from pisJii, to suck, and olrhi.

pishukchi achibokachi, pishukchi
achibolichi, n., a churn.

pishukchi ahoiya, n., a milk strainer.

pishukchi aiasha, n. , a buttery.

pishukchi aialbiha, n., a milk pan.

pishukchi aniachi, n., a churn.

pishukchi ansha, a., milky.

pishukchi ataloha, n., a dairy; milk
shelves.

pishukchi banana, n., a roll of butter.

pishukchi hauashko, n., sour milk;
bonnyclabber.

pishukchi holba, a., milky.

pishukchi homi, n. , sour milk.

pishukchi kaskaha, n., sour milk; clab
ber.

pishukchi nia, n., butter; cream.

pishukchi nia aialhto, n., a cream pot;
a cream bowl.

pishukchi nia isht chibolichi, n., a
churn staff; a churn dasher.

pishukchi nia lapali, pp., buttered.

pishukchi nia lapalichi, v. t., to butter.

pishukchi nia okchi, n., buttermilk.

pishukchi nia palaska, n., cheese.

pishukchi niachi, v. t., to churn.

pishukchi okchi, n., whey.

pishukchi pakna, n., cream; the top of
the milk.

pishukchi palaska, n., cheese.

pishukchi palaska kanchi, n., a cheese
monger.

pishukchi sunkko, 11., thick milk; sour
milk.

pishukchi walasha, pishukchi wal-
anto, n., bonnyclabber; coagulated
milk.

pit (cont. of }>Ua\ a directive particle or
adv., implying a motion from the
speaker or object spoken of toward,
onward, forward, forth, Josh. 1: 16;

318

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pit imahni, v. t., to beckon to them;
to wish them, Luke 5:7; pit okachi, v.
t., to let down into water, Luke 5: 5;
pit takalechi, v. t., to launch out, Luke
5: 4; pit takanli, Matt. 6: 21; pit chumpa,
to send and buy; pit anoli, to send
word; pit ima, to hand him; to send to
him; pit pisachi, Matt. 4: 8; abapitish-
anumpuli, thou talkest toward heaven;
pit cJiukowa, entered into, Matt. 9: 1;
pit tanabli, passed over, Matt. 9:1; pit
well, he put forth, Matt 8: 3; pit tileli,
he sent forth, Matt. 10: 5; pit itula, to
fall in; pit halqUi, to lay hold on, Matt.
12: 11.

poa, n., a beast; a wild beast; vermin.

poa aiasha, n. , a menagerie.

poa chito, n., a mammoth.

poa lapish achafa, n., a unicorn.

poa nipi, n., flesh; the flesh of animals.

poa nusi, n. , a burrow ; the nest of a wild
beast.

poa okpulo, n., bad wild beasts.

poa ushi, n., vermin; young vermin.

poafa, a., unfortunate; unlucky.

poafa, v. n., to be unfortunate; to be un
lucky; ampoafashke, I have bad luck.

poafachi, poafichi, v. t., to cause mis
fortune; to make or cause bad luck.

poafachi, n., the name of a weed that
dyes black.

poakachi, v. a. i., to wave high; to roll
high, as great waves.

poakachi, n., a high wave.

poakachi, pp., made to run high, as
waves.

poalichi, poyalichi, v. t., to cause the
waves to roll high, or to move either in
waves or with the tides; to shake
water; as isht ishko oka anit poalichit la-
tab!!, to rinse a cup.

pochunhatapa, n., a whipsnake; ipochi
itiiiHtjxt. — Harris.

pochuko, v. a. i., to place the feet to
gether and wit on the heels as Choctaw
women do; to sit with them placed
sideways.

pochuko, n., one who sits on her heels,
or with them sideways.

pohkul, folikul (q. v. ); n., a hornet.

poliokachi, v.a.i.. to fluctuate.

pohota. nainpoheta (q. v. ), n., a gown.

pokafa, v. t., to smite with the open
hand or paw; to be dashed; to fall

against; itapokafa, to dash against each
other; oka pokafa, to dash water.

pokafa, n., a smiter.

pokaha, v. t., to smite with the open
hand hollowed.

pokaffi, v. t., to strike sideways.

pokoli, n., a decade.

pokoli, a., ten; X; 10; pokoli auahchafa,
a., eleven; XI; 11, and so on to 19;
pokoli tuklo, a., twenty; XX; 20; a
score; pokoli isht tuklo, a., twentieth;
20th; or, isht pokoli tuklo, and so of
other numbers above 20; pokoli tuchina,
a., thirty; XXX; 30, Matt. 13: 8; po
koli isht tuchina, a., thirtieth; 30th; po-
koliushta,&., forty; XL; 40; two score;
pokoli isht usltta, a., fortieth; 40th; or,
isht pokolusJda; pokoli talapi, a., fifty;
L; 50; pokoli isht talapi, isht pokoli ta
lapi; pokoli hanali, a., sixty; LX; 60;
three score, Matt. 13: 8; pokoli untuklo,
a., seventy; LXX; 70', pokoli untuchina,
a., eighty; LXXX; 80; fourscore; po-
koli isht untuchina, eightieth; LXXX;
80th; pokoli chakali, a., ninety; XC; 90,
Matt. 18: 12; pokoli chakali akocha chak-
kali, ninety and nine, Matt. 18: 12, 13;
pukoli tiikloha, adv., twenty times; in
the same way add ha to the other num
bers in order to express the same thing,
i. e. as times; pokoli tuklo bat tuchina,
three times 20, or three score.

pokoli, v. t., to plait; to pucker up; also
pp. (see pokulichi).

pokospoa, n., clusters of grapes, Rev.
14: 18.

pokota, pakota (q. v. ), v. a. i., to break.

pokota, pp., broken.

pokpo, n., cotton, name most common
in the southern part of the old nation.

pokpokechi, v. t., to make suds, froth,
or lather; to lather; to spume.

pokpoki, v. a. i., to foam; to froth.

pokpoki, n., suds; froth; lather; foam;
scum; spume.

pokpoki, a., frothy.

ponkshi, ponkchi, n., a bulb; a knot on
the side of a tree; a knob; a navel gall;
a toadstool.

pokshia, v. a. i., snarly; tough, as a
piece of wood; itapokshin, snarled to
gether, like tough timber which will
not split.

BYINGTW]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

319

pokta, v. a. i., to double; to grow to
gether, as two peaches or potatoes.

pokta, pp., doubled; grown together.

pokulichi, v. t., to cause to pucker up;
see pokoli.

pokuspali, pi. of pokussali.

pokuspoa, n. pi., skeins and clusters.

pokussa, 11., a skein.

pokussali, v. t., to make a skein.

polanka, adv., at last; at length; finally;
polan~ka islila, ultimately.

[polhkash, n., chips, trash, rubbish. —
H. S. H.]

polua, v. a. i., to wilt before a fire, like
bilakli polua.

polukta, v. a. i., to double; itapolukta,
to coalesce.

polukta, pp., doubled; a double; as
not i polukta, a double tooth; itapolukta,
pp., doubled together.

poluktachi, y. t., to double; to cause to
double.

polunsak, n., a black weed, used in color
ing cotton; black or a dark shade.

pola, see pula.

pololi, y. a. i., to spark; to sparkle, as
fire; luak at pololi.

pololi, n., sparks.

pololichi, y. t., to cause it to spark.

poloma, y. a. i., to bend, as the steel
spring on a lock.

poloma, pp. sing., pola, (1 Kings 6: 34),
•pula pi., bent; doubled up; folded, as
the arms, shakba poloma; shut, as a
knife, bashpo at poloma; outside of the
bend of a creek, etc. ; shokulbi, the in
side of the bend.

poloma, n., a bend; a fold; a bow; a
rumple.

polomi, polummi, y. t., to bend; to
double up; to fold up by turning up
the side or end once; to shut, as a knife.

polomoa, y. a. i. pi., to bend; to turn
up.

polomoa, a., elastic; haying springs.

polomoa, y. n., to be elastic; y. a. i., to
meander.

polomoa, pp., bent; doubled up; folded.

polomoa, 11., fold,-:; bends; bows.

polomoli, y. a. i., to meander.

polomoli, polomoli, y. t. pi., to bend;
to double up; to fold; to ruffle.

polomolichi, v. t., to meander; to cause
to bend and wind.

polota, y. a. i., to sparkle; to emit sparks,
as fire.

polummi, see polomi.

pompokachi, y. t., to make rough,
knotty, uneven.

pompoki, a., rough; uneven; knotty,
like knots on a rope.

pompoki, v. n., to be rough.

ponaklo, n., an interrogation; a ques
tion.

ponaklo, panaklo (q. v. ), v. a. i., y. t.,
to ask; to inquire; to seek after, Luke
2: 44; to demand; to interrogate; to
query, Matt, 2: 4; 10: 11; 16:13;
imponaklo, to ask him, Matt. 12: 10;
Josh. 4: 6; ponanhanJdo, Matt. 2: 4;
itimponaklo, to inquire of each other;
to consult; itimponaklot anslta, to be en
gaged in making inquiries of each other;
itimponaklot ansha, n., a consultation;
imponaklo, v. t., to ask him; to question.

ponaklo, n., an inquirer; a demander.

ponobokanli, n., cotton pods, just break
ing open.

ponohonulla, n., twine.

ponokallo, n., linen; holland; a rope;
twine.

ponokallo ikbi, n., a rope maker.

ponokallokanchi, n., a draper; a linen
draper.

ponokallopana, n., a rope; a cord.

ponol ashana, n., a spinning wheel.

ponol ashana ch.it o, n., a jenny.

ponol lapushki, n., carded cotton.

ponola, n., cotton; cotton thread or yarn;
a filament; linen ponola; linen yarn,
1 Kings 10: 28; a cord, Josh. 2: 15.

ponola ahotachi, n., warping bars for
cotton.

ponola aialhto, n., a thread case; a
thread box.

ponola anihelichi, ponola anihechi,
n., a cotton gin; a gin.

ponola anihelichi chito, n., a large cot
ton gin.

ponola anihi, n., a cotton gin.

ponola ani, n., a cotton bale.

ponola fabassa achafa, n., a hank of
thread; a skein.

ponola hulhtuf a, n., a reel; warping bars.

ponola isht shiahchi, n., cotton cards.

ponola isht shiahchi chito, n., a card
ing machine.

320

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ponola itapana, n., a skein of cotton; a
hank of cotton.

ponola itapana achafa, n., one skein
of cotton.

ponola lopullichi, v. t., to thread.

ponola nihechi, v. t., to gin cotton.

ponola nihi, n., cotton seed; ginned
cotton, seeded.

ponola okshichanli, n., coarse cotton
thread.

ponola pala atoba, n., a candle wick.

ponola pehna, n., cottonseed for plant
ing.

ponola shana, n., spun cotton; cotton
thread: cotton yarn.

ponola tali kucha, n., a broach of cot
ton.

ponola tanna, n., cotton cloth; woven
cotton.

ponolapi, n., a cotton plant.

ponolushi, n., line of thread, Josh. 2: 18.

ponoshana, n., a line; twisted cotton.

ponoshiahchi, n., carded cotton.

posilhha, v. t., to reproach.

posilhha, n., one who reproaches.

posilhha shah, n., one who is addicted
to using reproach.

posilhhachi, v. t., to reproach.

poshola, pp., wreathen, Ex. 28: 14.

posholi, v. t. pi., to feel; seepasholi.

poshukta, v. a. i., to ravel out; to become
shreds; similar to shobobankachi.

pota, v. a. i., to borrow; to take; to
transfer by way of borrowing or lend
ing; -i ma pota, to borrow of him, Matt.
5: 42; to hire, i. e., to engage or to hire
out; impota, to lend him.

pota, n., a borrower.

pota, n., a loan.

pota alhtoba, n., rent.

potanno, a., grudging; jealous; envious.

potanno, v. n., to be grudging; to be
jealous; to be envious; impotqnno, v. t.
to begrudge him; to envy him; •ithn-
jxtfanno, to be jealous of each other.

potanno, n., jealousy; envy.

potola hinla, a., palpable.

potoli, v. t., to handle; to feel of; to
touch, Matt. S: ,">, 15; to take by the
hand, Josh. 9: 11); akpotoli kin, let me
touch; let it be, Matt. 9: 21; 14: ;]6;
/»>*ln>Ht Iti 1:1 kin, \. a. i., to grope;
poaltoti, pi.

potoli, n., one who feels of, handles, etc.

potoli, n., a touch; ikpotolo, a., un
touched.

potoni, v. t., to guard; to watch; to take
care of.

potoni, n., a guard; a watch.

potunnuchi, v. t., to cause to be jealous;
to make envious.

poyafo, a., unfortunate.

poyalichi, see poalichi

punfa, v. t., to blow with the mouth; to
spout, as a whale; to blow out any
liquid from the mouth in a stream or
in a scattering way, Josh. 6: 5; nani
cliito at oka yon punfat abapila; allikchi
at pun fa.

punfa, n., a blower; a spouter.

punfachechi, v. t., to blow an instru
ment; to cause to blow; to squirt; luak
isht punfa yan jmfacJtechi.

punfachi, v. t., to blow with an instru
ment, as a pipe, a trumpet, a bellows,
a blowpipe; to spurt.

punfachi, n., a blower.

pukussa, n., a bunch, as of hyssop, Ex.
12: 22; see pokussa.

pulhkachi, v. a. i. pi., to double up.

pulhkachi, pp., doubled up; sJmkbo at
pulltl-qchi.

pulhkachi, n., rolls.

pulla, adv., surely; certainly; necessarily;
ak atiik pulla makon, for, because of,
Josh. 2: 9, 11, 24; hak atuk pulla makon,
because of, Josh. 5:1; akoatinchi pulla,
shall know, Matt. 7: 20; akpulla tok-
makon, because of, Matt. 18: 7; pulla
hatuk inakon, Josh. 6: 1.

pulla, a., must be; necessary; poijulla.

pulla, v. n., to be necessary; that which
must be; poyulla; isilapunla, proved;
derived from pulla.

pullakako, pullamako, for the sake of;
because of; for, John 4:39',pullamakona;
pullaliatukmakon, for the sake of; be
cause of, Matt. 10: 18, 22.

pullasi, adv., nearly; almost; 'dona pn(-
lasi; illl pullasi y he is about to die.

pulli, v. t. pi., to spread.

pulli, v. t. pi., to handle; potoli, sing.

pula, n., a roll; rolls.

pula, pola, v. a. i. pi., to double up; to
roll up.

pula, pola, pp. folded; doubled up;
plaited; dm.kho at pttla, Jtoliwo Jiat

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

321

pula; applied to the leaves of a book
turned down at the corners; pnlakqchi
pi.

puii, v. t. pi., to fold; to double over
more than once: to roll up; to plait.

puli, n., a folder; one who folds, doubles,
etc. ; a plaiter.

puskus, n., a babe; a baby; an infant; a
papoose (a familiar word).

puskusechi; ilepuskusechi, v. t., to render
himself childish ; a. , childish ; n. , dotage.

pushahchih, v. a. i., likepotqnno, jealous.

pushahollo, n., a heathen priest's sacred
bag.

pushechi, v. t., to flour; to pulverize; to
beat fine; to powder; to grind fine; to
reduce to a powder; to convert into
flour; to triturate.

pushechi, n., the one who flours.

pushi, pp., floured; pulverized; beaten
fine; powdered fine; ground fine; tritu
rated.

pushi, a., fine, as flour or sand; lukft pushi.

pushi, n., flour; fineness; meal.

pushka, v. t., to scratch with the nails
of the paw, or the nails of the hand;
kalqffi, sing., to scratch.

pushka, n., a scratcher.

pushkano, v. a. i., to crave flesh for food;
to long for meat.

pushnayo, impushnayo (q. v.), n., the
master of an animal; ofi impushnayo^
Matt. 15: 27; isuba impushnayo.

puta, putta, a., all; every one; every,
Luke 3: 5, and all of each kind, giving
them all the plural number; ilahjuka
puta, every kind, Matt. 13: 47. It may
be used for a collective and a distribu
tive plural, hatak putta ka, men, Matt.
10: 17; pu^aisused to express the plural
number; ilqppa puta ka, these, Matt. 1:
20; ahekaputa, debts, Matt. 6: 12; hatak
noicqt anya puta kqt ilbqsha tok; hatak.
ohoyo, alia puta moma Jtosh mintashke,
men, women, children, distributively,
all do ye come; hatak puta kqt, men,
Matt. 13: 25.

puta, v. n., to be all; eputa hokqto, we all
the ones; poyuta, pro. form.

puta, putta, n., all, as amputa, my all,
or all mine; amputtah, I have all or
many; a puta, Matt. 8: 17.

putalechi, v. t., to extend to all; putale-
chlt ish'i, take all; Jiatak, ohoi/o, alia
84:3:59°- -Hull. 40— 15 21

putalechit fahollashke, lie loves them all,
i. e., the men, women, and children.

putali, a., all; the whole without excep
tion.

putali, v. a. \.,tqmaha holihtaputallt anyqt,
city to city; all of them, 2 Chron. 30: 10.

putta, see puta.

sa, per. pro., 1st per. sing., I, before neu
ter verbs, as sanusi, I sleep; xufateha,
I sweat; salli, I die.

sa, per. pro., obj. case, 1st per. sing., me,
before active transitive verbs; .tapesa,
he sees me; sachumpa, he buys me.

sa, per. pro., 1st per. sing., I, before pas
sive verbs; sanqla, I am wounded.

sa, pos. pro., 1st per. sing., my, prefixed
to the names of the body and its mem
bers, and a few other words, as su-
nushkobo, my head; sabaiyi, my nephew;
sacltunkash, my heart; sa is sometimes
written s, sq, sai, si; saiyimmi; siachuk-
ma; sqtekchi, my wife, Luke 1: 18; chlk-
saiyiinmo, Luke 1: 20; saiyukpa Matt.
17: 5.

san, pre. per. pro., before verbs in the
neg. form, as iksa^hollo; see san, saw,
sqm; a, am, an, am, are found in the
positive forms (q. v. ) ; issankashqfi} Matt.
8: 2.

sachakla, 11., inside ridge of the back
bone near the shoulders.

sahnoyechi, a., old, protracted form of
asanochi.

sak, n., the noise when striking a solid
substance.

sakachi, n. sing., a thump.

sakaha, v. t. pi., to strike, as with an
ax; to thump; to rap or tap anything
hard or solid; to fillip,

sakaha, n., a thumping; a striking; the
noise made by the blows of an ax or
maul.

sakahanli, v. t., to hack.

sakakachi, pi., noise made with an ax
or maul; sakakahanchi, freq. form.

sakalichi, v. t. sing., to thump; to rap;
to strike; to make a noise by striking
with a hammer, an ax, or the fist, etc.;
sakalihinchi, freq.

sakalichi, n., a blow; one who strikes;
a striker.

sakki, v. t., to overtake, Josh. 2: 5; to
come up with; to overhaul; cchisak-
kikamo, we overtook you.

322

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

sakki, 11., one who overtakes,
sakkichi, v. t., to cause to overtake; alia

yan inki an sakkichi.
[sakkin, n., the guinea fowl (Sixtowns

dialect).— H. S. H.]

sakli, n., a trout; the name of a fish;
name of a serpent; Ch. Sp. Book, p.

91.
sakti, n., the bank of a stream; a bluff;

a cliff, Josh. 4: 18.
sakti chaha, n., a steep place, Matt. 8: 32;

a high bank; a steep bluff or bank; a

precipice.

sakti f oka, a., cliffy; clifty.
sakti humma, n. , red banks; a red bank,
sakti ikbi, v. t,, to bank; to make a dike,

levee, or causeway; to imbank.
sakti ikbi, n., a bank; a dike.
sakti lanfa, n., a furrowed bank; a bluff

marked with ridges or furrows made

by water running down the sides; the

name of the Chickasaw bluff on the

Mississippi at Memphis.
sakti oka pit akinafa, n., a cataract,
sakti oka pit akinafa, v. a. L, to fall, as

water over a bluff or bank.
sakti toba, n., a levee; an artificial bank,
salakha, n., the liver; the pluck,
saltili, n., a psaltery,
sam, sam (q. v.), pro., of me; used in the

negative form of verbs before p, as chik-

sampeso; isuba cltikxampeso, you have

not seen any horses for me, or you have

not seen my horses.
samahachi, samahachi (q. v.), v. a. i.

pi., to ring, as a bell or bells; himonna

isuba nuchi atsamahanclii na hankloli.
samahachi, n., the tinkling of a bell or

bells; a jingle.
samak, n., the sound of a bell; a single

sound of a bell.
samakachi, v. a. i., to ring,
samampa, n., the sharp sound of a

bell.

samampa, a., having a sharp sound,
samanta, see samanla.
san, pro., of me; to me; also I; used

with neg. verbs, as •ilwtnchukmo; ik-

Kancfiumpo, he did not buy of me or

for me. See san,sain, mm.
sanahchi, sanichi, n., a wing; a fin;

the skirt of a saddle.
sanahchi ikbi, v. t., to wing,
sanahchi takchi, v. t, to pinion.

sanali, insanali, n., his adversary, 1 Sam.
2: 10; insanalali, 1 Kings 11: 14, 23;
insanali, to rebel against, Josh. 1: 18;
ilinsanali, to go against himself, Matt,
12: 26; sanali, asanali, insanali, itinsanali,
itasanali, itimasanali, Matt. 5: 39; 12:
25; 14: 24; 2 Sam. 24: 1.
sa,my; me, Lukel: 18; sachukuh; sapesa,

to see me.
salaha, a., slow; dilatory; heavy; prolix;

remiss; slack; tardy; tedious.
salaha, n., slowness; tardiness.

salaha, v. n., to be slow; isaminsalaha,
Matt. 18: 29.

salaha, v. a. i., to loiter; to slack.

salaha, n., a loiterer.

salahat, adv., slowly; moderately; grad
ually; heavily; leisurely.

salahachi, v. t., to cause to go slow; to
impede; to retard.

salahat, adv., slackly.

salahat anumpuli, v. t., to drawl.

salahat anya, v. a. i., to lag; to loiter; to
move slowly; to jog on.

salahat anya, n., a jogger.

salbash, n., a foot-log; a foot-bridge; a
tree lying across a creek.

salbo, a., hardened, as the skin in the in
side of the hand; hard; salahbo, v. a.
i., to be " past feeling," Eph. 4: 19.

salbo, v. n., to be hard; v. a. i., to become
hard.

salbo, n. , a corn on the foot; the hard skin
on the foot or hand of laboring peo
ple; a corn; a callous.

salbochi, v. t., to harden; to make a cal
lous; to harden the flesh.

sam, per. pro. I, in neg. verbs, as iksam-
iksfw, I have none; of me; for me; to
me, Matt. 2:8; see sam.

samahachechi, v. t., to jingle; to cause
to ring; to tinkle.

samahachi, samahachi (q. v.), v. a. i.,
to jingle; to tinkle; tali at samahachi,
talikasa yai samahachi.

samanta, n., peace.

samanta, samanta, imp., hush; si
lence; keep still (a Chickasaw word).

samanta, a., mum; still; peaceful.

sanali, v. a. i., to go against, Luke 2: 34.

saso, n^ my son; my children, Matt.
17:5.

saso tek, n., my daughter, Matt. 15: 22.

saso toba, n., my stepson.

satih, n., my mouth, Matt. 13: 35.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

323

setan, n., Batan; lueifer; the devil,
si, a particle suffixed to form a diminu
tive; olanli, olanlisi; chahiha, cJiabihasi.

It may be of Chickasaw origin, yappasi,

yakosi.
si, J; my, Luke 1: 19; siqlhtoka, siokcJiulin-

chi, Luke 1: 47; sitiakiiip.
sia, I; Kebliel sia hosli, Luke 1: 19. This

pronoun is translated with the verb to

be; mihi yon sia hoke, John 9: 9; sia

hoke, I am, Matt. 8: 9; Halak ushi siaha,

I the Son of Man am, Matt. 16: 13.
sihinka, sihinkah, v. a. i., to neigh; to

whinny; to bray.
sihinka, n., a neigh; a whinnying; a

bray.

sikkiliklik, see shikkiliklik.
siksiki, a., speckled; freckled; spangled

spots; having small spots.
siksiki, v. n. , to be speckled,
siksiki, n., freckles.
siksikichi, v. t., to speckle,
silhhi, v. t., to track; to course; to dog;

to hunt; to trail; to act in order, Acts

11: 4.

siUihi, n., a tracker; a hunter,
silhhichi, v. t., to cause to track,
silik, n., silk,
silik, a., silken; silk.
siminkahanchi, n., the sensation pro
duced by a hot plaster on a sore,
simikli, a., severely painful.
simoa, a., striped; having small stripes,
simoa, v. n., to be striped,
simoachi, v. t., to make stripes.
sinakak, n., a synagogue, Luke 4: 16;

the house appropriated to the religious

worship of the Jews.
sinakak chuka, n., a synagogue; i. e.,

the building.

sini, n., a sycamore; a buttonwood tree,
sinimpa, v. n., to be sweet,
sint, n., a cent; the hundredth part of a

dollar,
sin ti, 11., a snake; a serpent, Matt. 10: 16;

sinti yon, Matt. 7: 10.
sinti basoa, n., the gartersnake; the

striped snake.

sinti chilita, n., a viper, Matt. 12: 34.
sinti hakshup, n. , a slough ; a snake skin,
sinti kobali, n., a joint snake, called

oksup tqptua.
sinti kolokumpi, sinti kololumpi, n.,

the joint snake.

sinti kopoli, n., a snake bite.

sinti koyufa tohbi, n., the coach whip
snake; see ipochi itimapa,

sinti lapitta, n., a large horned snake.

sinti lusa, n., a blacksnake.

sinti lusluki, n., a large venomous ser
pent.

sinti okpulo, n., a viper, Luke 3: 7.

sinti pohkul, n., the king snake; a long
snake, with small yellow spots.

sinti shaui, n., a large venomous ser
pent; a species of the rattlesnake.

sintulion, n., a centurion.

sintullo, n., a rattlesnake.

sintullo inchasha, n., a rattlesnake's
rattles.

sintushi, n. , a young serpent; a serpent's
egg-

sipalka, n., a sepulcher, Matt. 23: 27;
a tomb, Matt. 23: 29.

sipi, a., old; shukJta sipi, an old hog.

sipi, v. n., to be old.

sipokni, a., pp., old; aged; stricken in
years, Luke 1: 7; advanced in years;
antique; out of date; worn out; inveter
ate; obsolete; trite; uncouth; veteran;
antiquated.

sipokni, v. n., to be old; out achi sipokni,
John 21: 18; 1 Sam. 2: 22; Josh. 13: 1.

sipokni, n., old age; age; longevity; old-
ness; a veteran.

sipokni atapa, a., superannuated.

sipokni inshali, n., a senior; a., senior;
older; superior.

sipokni kat inshali, a., oldest; first in
age; eldest.

sipokni kat itilaui, a., coequal.

sipoknichi, v. t., to make old; to render
aged.

Siptimba, n., September.

sit a, pp., bound up; tied up, as a bundle
of grain.

sita, n., a bundle; a sheaf.

sita, n., binding quality; wide ferret.

sita fataha, n., a ribbon.

sita lapushki, n., ribbon.

siteli, v. t,, to bind; to tie up in a bundle;
to sheaf.

sitlon, ii., itisitlon, thyine wood, Rev. 18:
12.

sitoha, pp. pi., bound up; tied up.

sitoha, 11. pi., sheaves; bundles.

sitoli, v. t., to bind up; to tie up in bun
dles; to sheaf, Matt. 13: 30.

324

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

sitopa; iksitopo, a., decrepit, Luke 13: 12;

n., a cripple; iksitopuchi, v. t., to crip

ple, Luke 13: 11.
sobonoa, v. n., to swell, as the flesh of

a person.
sokbish, a. down, as a stream or a

road.

sokbish, v. n., to be down.
sokbish, n., that end of a stream which

lies toward the mouth; "nether,"

Josh. 15: 19; ibetttp, the other part.
sokbish isht ashana, n., the breech of

a gun.
sokbish pila, adv., toward the mouth;

downstream.

sokbish pilla, at or quite to the mouth
• or end of the stream.
sokolichi, v. t. sing., to smite; to tap.
sokunha, sokonha, v. t., to smite; to tap;

to raj>; to strike with the knuckles,

Luke 11:9; to knock, Matt. 7:7; Luke

13: 25, where it is used in the plural

number.

sokunha, n., a smiting.
sukko, v. a. i., to thicken.
sukko, pp., thickened; fulled.
sukko, n., a diameter, grossness.
sukko, a., thick; coarse; dense; gross;

v. n. and n., thickness; diameter;

iksukko, thin.
sukko, adv., thickly; iksukko, adv.,

thinly.
sukkochi, v. t., to thicken; to full, as

cloth.

suko, n., a muscadine.
sukolichi, v. t., to tap; seesokunha.
sunksowa, v. t., to kiss; to play with

the lips; to make a whistling noise;
, Luke 7: 38; see i

sh, and, used as a conjunction; derived
from cha and pronounced sh for the
sake of euphony, I should think, as cJia
in used for the other persons when sh
is used with the first person; chumpa-
Iwh; 2 Sam. 24: 21; ialish, Matt. 2: 8.
It is used as a conjunction with //. and
k't, lis/i and kisJi, ialish, akithanokish.

sh suffixed to the article pronoun, a, ha,
ya, ka, ma, forms the renewed or con
tinued mention art. pro., thus: ash,
hash, yash, k<t*Ji, and chash.

shabahki, a., oval; long and round.

shabapa, v. a. i., to stand thick, as grain
or corn in a hill.

shachaha, sh.ach.aha, v. a. i., to rustle;
to make a noise, as leaves.

shachaha, adv., course, as shalintak sha-
chaha.

shachahachi, v. t. , to rustle, as dry leaves;
hqshtqp an shachahachi; see shachahachi.

shachak, n., a noise made among dry
leaves.

shachakachi, v. a. i., to make a single
rustling noise.

shachala, v. t., to bristle.

shachia, v. a. i., to bristle, as an angry
hog, dog, etc.

shachuna,n., an onion; a name peculiar
to some portions of the Choctaw, as
the Sixtowns or Bay Indians.

shafa, n., that which is shaved; a shav
ing; isht shanfa, a shave or drawing
knife; a drawshave.

shanfa,pp., shaved; planed; scraped; cut;
iti at slianfa, shukha yqt shanfa.

shanfi, v. t., to shave; to scrape; to plane;
to cut; ashanji, n., place where shaving
is done and the shaving or thin piece
shaved off.

shanfi, n., one who shaves; a shaver.

shaniichechi, v. t., to cause one person
to shave another, Judg. 16: 19.

shanfit itiaiopitammi, pp., rabbeted.

shanfit itiaiopitammichi, v. t., to rab
bet; to shave and lap over.

shaha, pp., scraped; hoshinshi at shaha,
the quill is scraped.

shanha, n., a kind of wild goose.

shanha, n., a shell gorget; a gorget made
of shell and worn on the neck.

shanha toba, n., an oyster shell.

shahbi, a., pp., cleared; clear; hina yat
sltaJtbi, exposed; open; vacant; void;
uncovered, Gen. 9: 21; nakedness, Ex.
20: 26.

shahbi, n., openness; vacancy.

shahbichi, v. t., to clear; liina shahbichi;
yakni shahbichi, to clear land; to ex pose.

shahbika, shahbeka, n., a clearing; an
opening.

shahsholechi, v. t., anuinpa itin*h«Ji-
sliolcchi, to contend in conversation,
Gal. 5:20.

shahsholi, shasholi, v. t. pi., to carry;
used with itln prefixed; itixxJtaxhol'i,
to exceed each other; to go back
wards and forwards, or unequally; '"''-
shashonli, pi. of insh'tli, Acts 15: 22,

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

325

shaiksheli, v. a. i., to hobble; shaiiTcsJieli,

Gen. 30: 11, 81.
shaioksholi, v. a. i., to waddle, as a duck;

to limp, as one with legs of unequal

length.
shaiukli, v. a. i., to limp, as when the

hip is out of joint,
shaiukli, n., a limper.
shakahachi, v. a. i., to make a noise by

grating the teeth; sliukha nuti at shaka
hachi.

shakahachi, n., the grating of the teeth,
shakalalli, v. a. i. sing., to slip, Deut.

32: 35; see shalalli.
shakalalli, n., a slip; one who slips,
shakalallichi, v. t., to cause to slip.
shakali, v. a. i. sing., to make a noise by

grating the teeth; shakanli, n. f.
shakampi, n., a projection like a prom
ontory; as yakni shakampi; shakanshu-

bi, pi.
shakanlichi, shakonlichi, v. t., to make

a noise in eating.
shakanlichi, shiikonlichi, n., the noise

made by eating.
shakapa, v. a. i., to shout; to halloo; to

make a loud noise; to ululate, 1 Sam.

4: 5; Josh. 6: 5, 10.
shakapa, n., a loud noise; a hallooing;

a fuss; a hubbub; an uproar; a shout,

1 Sam. 4: 5, 6.

shakawa, n., a grating, harsh noise.
shakanwa, v. a. i., to make a grating

noise, as horses do when they eat

pumpkins.
shakabli, v. t., to make a loud noise; to

shout.

shakabli, n., a shouter; a noisy person,
shakablichi, v. t., to cause a noise,
shakba, n., the arm; a sleeve.
shakba achunli, v. t., to sleeve; to sew

on a sleeve.

shakba afohomit ishi, v. t., to clasp.
shakba afoka, n., an armhole.
shakba alota, n., an armful,
shakba apoloma, n., a cuff,
shakba alhfabeka, n., the left arm.
shakba alhfoa, n., arm bands. The
Choctaw formerly wore large silver
bands 011 the arms above and below
the elbow.
shakba fohki, v. t., to embosom; to place

in the arms; to sleeve.
shakba foka, pp., embosomed; placed

in the arms.

shakba isht impaka, n., the right arm.
shakba isht inchanya, n., a spring

lancet.

shakba isht lumpa, n. , a lancet.
shakba inshunkani, ibbak inshunkani,

n., the elbow; the point of the elbow.
shakba kallo, n., a strong arm.
shakba himpli, v. t., to bleed the arm;

to let blood from the arm; to bleed.
shakba lumpli, n., veneration.
shakba poloma, n., the bosom; the

bended or folded arms; the embrace of

the arms.
shakba tali haksi lapali, n., a sleeve

button.

shakbatina, n., a wildcat.
shakbona, a., moldy; weevil -eaten;

tanchi shakbona, brown; as hishi sJtak-

bona(P. F.); wak shakbona, a dusky or

dun-colored cow.
shakbona, v. n., to be moldy.
shakbonachi, y. t. , to mold.
shakchi, n., a crawfish,
shakchi inchuka, n., the hole or house

of a crawfish,
shakinlichi, shakanlichi, v. t., to grate;

to scranch.

shakla, n., a riddle; a coarse sieve,
shakla, n., name of a fish; Ch. Sp. Book,

p. 91.

shankolo, n., a cypress tree.
shankolo itibbi, n., a cypress knee;

cypress knees.

shakonlichi, see shakanlichi.
shakshampi, n., a large black bug; a

beetle.

shakulap, n., a crabapple.
shala hinla, a., portable,
shalak, see shelak.

shalakli, v. a. i., sing., to slip (once).
shalankpa, a., rotten, as dry, rotten

wood,
shalali, shalali, v. a. i. pi., to slip; to

slide; to wallow, Mark 9: 20.
shalalichi, v. caus., to cause to slide,
shalalli, v. a. i. sing., to slip; to slide; to

drag.

shalalli, n., a slip; one who slips,
shalalli, pp., dragged,
shalallichi, v. t., to cause to slip; to

slide; to slip; to drag; to haul; to lug:

to shuffle.
shall, a., heavy.

326

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

shall, v. t., sing.; shawa, pi., to carry;
to haul; to convey; to bear; to drag; to
carry young; alia inshali, Matt. 1: 18;
to conceive, 1 Sam. 2: 21; shat, cont.;
shanli, nasal form, shahanli, freq. form,
as shat a^y a, to take along; to carry
along; shat anta, to be now carrying;
skat ia, to carry; shat minti, to bring;
shatoua, to carry to; shat ala, to bring
here; to fetch; shat isltt anya, n., car
riage; the loading; carrying.

shall, n., a carrier; a bearer; a bringer;
a conveyer; a hauler.

shalichi, v. t., to cause to carry; to make
a carriage ready, 2 Kings 9: 21.

shalichi, n., one who compels another
to carry.

shalintak, hashintak, n., a comb; xhal-
intak inshinji; shalintak inshilli.

shalintak ikbi, n., a comb maker.

shalintak shachaha, n., a coarse comb.

shalintakoba, n., name of a weed.

shalontaki, shaluntaki, n., a cricket.

shall, a., addicted to any course or
state; given to; habitual; excessive;
abeka shali, nukoa shall.

shall, v. n., to be habitual, or addicted to.

shali, adv., habitually; excessively.

shalichi, v. t., to scrape; Jioshishi a^sJia-
licJd.

shamalli, v. a. i. sing., to stand in.

shamalli, pp., placed in; stuck in.

shamallichi, v. t., to place in; to stick
in; to tuck; to wedge.

shamoli, v. a. i. pi., to stand in (a crack) ;
to lie iu ; to stick in, as pins in a cushion.

shamoli, pp., stuck in.

shamolichi, v. t., to stick them in, as
to place letters in cracks or pins in a
cushion.

shanaia, v. a. i., to recline; to bend; to
swerve; to tack; to turn, Matt. 5: 42.

shanaia, shanaiya, shanaia, a., pp.,
crooked; awry; askew; turned; di
verted; perverse; slant; slanting; wry;
wry necked; twisted; perverted.

shanaia, v. n., to be crooked.

shanaia, n., crookedness.

shanaia hinla, a., pliable; pliant.

shanaiachi, v. t., to turn, Dent. 13: 17.

shanaiahe keyu, a., immovable; im
mutable; unchangeable.

shanaiahe keyu, adv., immovably.

shanaiahe keyu, n., immutability.

shanaiachi, shanaiyachi, v. t. sing.,
to crook; to bend; to twist; to wrench;
to divert; to pervert; to slant; to turn;
to twirl.

shanaioa, a. pi., crooked; awry; incon
stant; variable; mazy.

shanaioa, pp., bent; twisted.

shanaioa, v. n., to be crooked.

shanaioa, v. a. i., to fluctuate; to wabble.

shanaioa keyu, a., invariable.

shanaioli, v. t., to crook; to bend; to
twist; to turn askew; to prevaricate.

shanaiya, see shanaia.

shanaiyachi, n., a diverter..

shanali, shanali, shanalichi, v. a. i., to
turn.

shananchi, v. t., to turn; to twist.

shanakha, shinakha, n., the upper part
of the back between the shoulders.

shaneli, v. t. sing., to turn; to twist.

shapo, shapoh, n., a pack; a load; a
bundle; a burden; baggage; a pack
age, Matt. 11: 28.

shapo, pp., loaded; packed.

shapoli, shapuli,pp., loaded; burdened;
packed; laden.

shapoweki, n., luggage.

shapulechi, v. t., to pack; to load; to
burden; to put into a bag; to load with
bags; to load a horse, a boat, or a wagon ;
to lade; atablit sJidpulechi, v. t., to over
load.

shapulechi, n., a loader.

shapuli, n., a lading.

shasholi, see sfiahsholi.

shataioa, a. pi., swollen in various
places.

shataioa, v. n., to be swollen.

shataioli, v. a. i., to swell in various
places.

shataiolichi, v. t. , to produce swellings;
to cause to swell.

shatali, v. a. i. sing., to swell, as flesh,
a sore, etc., not as a stream or soaked
grain, etc. ; shatoli, pi.

shatali, shatali, pp., a., swollen; tume
fied; turgid; sashatali, I have a swell
ing, or I am swollen, say with boils;
sliatoll, pi.

shatali, shatali, n., a swelling; a fistula;
a swell; a whitlow; awindgall; xhatoli,
pi.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

327

shatalichi, v. t, to cause to swell; to
produce a swelling; to tumefy; shatoli-
chi, pi.

shatapa, v. a. i., to swell.

shatapa, n., a swelling.

shatabli, shitabli, v. a. i., to swell; to
bloat.

shatabli, n., a swelling.

shatabli, pp., swollen; bloated, as an an
imal; a., turgid.

shatablichi, v. t., to cause to swell.

shatablichi, a., swollen; bloated.

shatammi, shatummi, shitammi, v.
a. i., to bloat; to swell up in the bow
els; to cake up; to ferment.

shatammi, pp., swollen; swelled; caked;
fermented; inflated; leavened, Matt.
13:33; Josh. 5: 11.

shatammi, n., a hard swelling; a can
cer; a botch.

shatammichi, v. t., to cause to swell;
to ferment; to inflate.

shatammichi, a., swollen.

shatanni, n., a tick; a wood tick.

shatannushi,n., a seed tick;ayoungtick.

shatohpa, v. a. i., to swell.

shatohpa, n., a swelling; a hard, dry
swelling; a wen; a white swelling.

shatohpa, pp., swollen.

shatosholi, v. a. i. pi., to swell.

shatosholi, pp., swollen.

shatosholi, n., swellings.

shatosholichi, v. t., to produce swell
ings.

shatummi, see shatammi.

shauaha, a., wide apart, as the teeth of a
rake.

shauaha, v. n., to be wide apart.

shauahachi, v. t., to place them wide
apart; to cause to be wide apart.

shaualoha, see shauwaloha.

shaualohachi, see shauwalohachi.

shauala, see shauola.

shauashko, n., name of a weed called
boneset.

shaui, n., a raccoon.

shaui hatak, n., an ape; a monkey.

shaui hatak chito, n., a baboon.

shaui imanchaha, n., a pied moccasin
snake; a moccasin.

shauiya, adv., having small specks, like
some stained book covers; shauiwin-
kachi, pi.

shauola, shauala, a., wide apart.

shauola, v. n., to be wide apart,
shauwa, n., brush; dead limbs of a tree;

a shrub; underbrush.
shauwa takchi, v. t., to faggot; to tie

brush.

shauwa talakchi, pp., faggotted.
shauwa talakchi, n., a faggot.
shauwaloha, shaualoha, a. pi., wide

apart.
shauwaloha, v. n., to be wide apart; to

grow with wide-spreading branches.
shauwalohachi, shaualohachi, v. t., to

place them wide apart; to make grow

with wide-spreading branches.
shawa, see shall.
shanwa, v. a. i., to snort like a deer or a

wrild horse.

shanwa, n., a snorting; a snorter.
shawila, n., a sty.
shanya, pp., borne; carried; hauled;

shall, v. t. (q. v.) .
shachaha, v. a. i., to be shrunk, as grains

of corn on the cob.
shachanha, shachaha v. a. i., to be

coarse, like the teeth of a comb; haxh-

intak shachanha, a coarse comb.
shachahachi, v. a. i., to rattle, like dried

leaves when walked on ; see shachahachi.
shachakamo, a., moist; wet a little.
shachakba, n., the spine of a hog.
shacheha, v. a. i., to become tangled
shacheha, pp., entangled.
shachehachi, v. t., to entangle.
shachila, v. a. i., to be entangled, like un
combed hair; to be snarled up.
shachoha, shochoha (q. v.), a., knurly.
shachopa, v. a. i., to tangle.
shachopa, pp., entangled.
shachopachi, v. t., to entangle.
shafa, pp., scraped; scratched.
sham, v. t., to scrape; to scrabble; to

scraffle; to scratch; to paw; to draw

out, as to draw out ashes from a stove;

akanka yat yakni an shqffi; wak at yakni

an shaffi.

shamchi. v. t., to cause to scrape.
shalakli, v. a. i., to slip once, or to scrape

the foot.
shana, a., wry.
shana, v. a. i., to twist; to turn; to kink;

to writhe,
shana, pp., twisted; spun; turned;

kinked; screwed; wrested; wrenched;

wringed ; writhed .

328

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

1 BULL. 46

shana, n., a kink; a twist.

shanachi, v. t., to twist; to turn; to
divert, as imanukfila shananchi; shanan-
chi, shananchi (q. v. ), nasal form, to
parry.

shanafila, chanafila, n., black haw;
1)1 ack hawthorn.

shanahe keyu, a., immovable.

shanaia, see shanaia.

shanakachi, v. a. i., to wind along, as a
serpent; to writhe.

shanalichi, shanali, see shana li.

shanni, v. t., to spin; to screw; to turn;
to wrench; to wrest; to wring.

shanni, n., a wrench.

shanni, n., a spinner; a wrringer.

shanni chi, v. t., to lock; to padlock.

shapha, n., a flag; a standard; a color; a
banner; an ensign; a pendant; a pen
nant; a streamer.

shaphashali, n., an ensign.

shapo, n., a hat; a bonnet; a cap;
borrowed from the French chapeau,
a hat.

shapo anunkaka alata,n., a hat lining.

shapo haksobish, n., the brim of a hat.

shapo ikbi, shapikbi, n., a hatter.

shapo impahaia, shapo impahia, n., a
hat brim; the brim of a hat.

shapo intalla, n., a hat crown.

shapo isht talakchi, n., a hat band.

shapo kallo, n., a headpiece; a helmet.

shapo nushkobo, n., a hat crown.

shapo paknaka, n., a hat crown.

shapoli, v. t., to put on a hat; to place a
hat on one's own head; to wear a hat;
to have a hat on.

shapolichi, v. t., to put a hat upon the
head of another person.

shebli, shepli, v. t., to stretch; to draw
out in length; to lengthen out; to ex
tend; to draw; to sag; to wire draw;
nan farina xliehli; tali an xfiebli; to draw
out iron; to draw, as a bowstring, 2
Kings 9: '24.

shebli, n., one who stretches; a stretcher.

shebli, n., tension.

sheblichi, v. t, to cause to draw out.

shehkachi, see xhinfkachi.

shekel, n., a shekel, 1 Kings 10: I*); 2
Sam. 24: 24; Josh. 7: 21.

sheki, n., a bu//ard.

sheki chito, n., a vulture.

sheki kolofa, sheki tullo, sheki talh-
ko, n., a short-tailed buzzard; a carrion

shekonobli, v. t., to tie.

shekonopa, pp., tied; itashekonopa, tied

together, Acts 10: 11.
shelak, shalak, n. , the sound of a sudden

slide.
sheli, v. t. pi., to unravel; to pull them

out; to pick; to ravel; ponola yan sJieli;

shinfi, sing; shinii, v. t., to pick; shinli,

n., a picker.

shelichi, v. t., to card wool, cotton, etc.
shelichi, 11., a carder.
shema, v. t., to dress up one's self; to

dress in fine clothes; to put on orna

ments; to adorn; to apparel; to array;

to attire; to accoutre; to ornament; to

deck; to decorate; to habit; to prank;

to prim; to rig; to trim; ilakshema, to

deck himself.
shema, pp., dressed; apparelled; accou

tred; adorned; ornamented; decorated;

decked ; embellished ; garnished ; graced ;

invested; trimmed, Matt. 12: 44; !*hit

shema, habited with; isJit ashenia, ar

rayed in, with, or by means of, Matt.

6:29.

shema, n., a dresser; a rigger.
shemachechi, v. t., to embellish another.
shemachi, shemachi, v. t., to dress up

another; to accoutre; to adorn; to orna

ment, Matt. 6: 30; 2 Sam. 1: 24; to array;

to attire; to tire, 2 Kings 9: 30; to deck;

to decorate; to garnish; to grace; to in

vest; to prank; to prim; to rig; to trim;

(another in all instances).
shemachi, n., a dresser; a rigger.
shepa, n., tension.
shepa, v. a. i., to stretch; to draw out;

to sag.
shepa, pp., stretched; drawn out;

strained; wiredrawn.
shepa hinla, a., malleable.
shepkachi, pp. pi. , stretched; drawn out.
shepkachi, v. a. i., to stretch; to draw

out.

shepli, see shebli.
shepoa, v. a. i. pi., to stretch; to draw

out; to extend.
shepoa, pp. pi., stretched.
shepolichi, v. t. caus., to cause to stretch;

to stretch.

BYINOTOX]

DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

329

shepoli, v. t. pi., to stretch; to extend;

to draw out.

shibafa, v. a. i. sing., to split; to splinter,
shibafa, pp., splintered.
shibafa, n., a splinter.
shibali, v. a. i. pi., to split; to splinter,
shibali, pp., splintered,
shibali, n., splinters.
shibalichi, v. t., to splinter.
shibaffi, v. t. sing., to splinter.
shibaffi., n., one who splits or splinters.
shibbi, shimmi, v. t. pi., to split off, as

the bark of cane for baskets (oskashiba,

the cane from which the bark has been

peeled off) ; to peel off or hull corn.
shinfa, v. a. i. sing., to unravel; to draw

out.

shinfa, pp., unraveled; drawn out.
shinfi, v. t. sing., to unravel; to draw out,

as a lot; to trash; sJtoeli, pi.
shinfi, n., one who unravels.
shinfkachi, shehkachi, v. a. i. pi., to

unravel; xhtfkanrhi, shifkahanchi.
shifkachi, pp., unraveled,
shiha, v. a. i., to unravel; to come out;

itashiha v. a. i., to tangle.
shiha, pp., unraveled; carded; raveled;

teased; itasheha, tangled; snarled; see

shochohah.
shihachi, pp., carded; unbraided; pouo-

la yat shihacfii, ponola isht shihadti, a

cotton card; itashihachi, v. t., to tangle;

itashihachichi, to snarl; to tangle,
shihtilema, shittilema (q. v. ), v. t., to

despise.
shinkachi, v. a. i., to whiz, as a musket

ball.

shinkak, n., a small blackbird,
shikali, v. a. i., shikanlij n. f., to tingle

the nose.
shikanli, n., a tingling; strong stinging,

as red pepper when eaten,
shikanlichi, v. t., to tingle the nose; to

strangle, as when mustard or pepper is

taken in too large 'quantities.
shikanoachi; see axhekonou; itasJiekano-

achi, v. t., to snarl; to snarl up together.
shikalilli, n., a small white bead, such

as are used in making belts, moccasins,

etc.
shikalla, inshikalla, n., a bead; beads of

the common kind; a necklace.
shikalla ikbi, n., a beatluiaker.

Shikallak, n., name of a creek in the old

Nation.

shikekli, v. a. i. pi., to stand tiptoe.
shikeli, v. a. i., to stand tiptoe,
shikiffi, v. a. i., to rattle in the throat;

anukshikiffi.

shikiffi, n., an affection in the throat,
shikkiliklik, sikkiliklik, n., a sparrow

hawk.

shikoa, see shlkoira.
shikobli, v. t., to put on a plume; to

plume one's self,
shikoblichi, v. t., to put a plume upon

another,
shikofa, v. a. i., to wrinkle, as a man's

face,
shikofa, pp., wrinkled; furrowed, as the

face of the aged.
shikofa, n., a wrinkle,
shikofn, v. 1., to wrinkle; to contract, as

the skin of the face,
shikoha, n., the creases on a screw,
shikoli, v. a. i. pi., to wrinkle; to tie up,

as the ears of corn are tied up by the

hunks to dry — ta^ch sliikoli.
shikoh', pp., wrinkled; tied up; creased,
shikolichi, v. t., to cause to wrinkle,
shikopa, n.; a plume; a crest; a feath'er.
shikopa isht shema, v. t., to feather;

to adorn with a plume.
shikowa, shikoa, v. a. i. pi., to wrinkle,
shikowa, pp., wrinkled; tied up, as ears

of corn to dry for seed; a., rough; un
even, like the grains of sweet corn when

dry.

shikowa, n., wrinkles; corn tied up.
shila, v. a. i., to dry; to bake, as the

earth; to season, as wood; to cure; to

contract; to wither; to evaporate,
shila, pp., dried; baked; cured; withered;

contracted; evaporated; saved, as meat;

seared; seasoned; shrunk; ikshelo, a.,

undried; unseasoned.
shila, a., dry; arid; husky; mealy; sere,

Josh. 3: 17; 4: 22.
shila, n., dry ness; huskiness; ashinla, a

dry place.

shilachi, v. t., to dry.
shilaia, shillayah, v. a. i. pi., to toss up

the hands and feet, as an infant when

lying on its back.
shilaii, n., a species of frog.

330

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

BULL. 4(5

shilaiyakachi, v. a. i. sing., to toss up

the hands and feet,
shilaklak, n., a goose; a tame goose;

JianfJia, a wild goose.
shilaklak nakni, n., a gander.

shilaklak tek, n., the female goose.

shilaklak ushi, n., a gosling; a goose
egg.

shilachi, v. t., to dry.

shileli, v. t., to dry; to bake; to cure; to
season; to save, as meat; to shrink; to
dry up, Josh. 2: 10; 4: 23; 5: 1.

shileli, n., a drier; one who dries, etc.

shilla, pp., combed; curried; panshi at
shilla, isuba hat insldllat taha; ikshillo,
a., uncombed.

shillayah, see xhilaid.

shilli, v. t,, to comb; to curry an animal;
to rub; to tease; inshilli, to curry him;
isuba inshilli, to curry a horse.

shilli, n., a comber; one who curries.

shiloa, v. a. i., to ring; to rattle.

shilohachi, v. a. i., to whiz, as a minie
ball, or one that is long.

shilombish, n., the shadow of a creature,
an animal, or a man; the soul, Matt. 16:
26; the spirit; a ghost; a shade; a spec
tre; a sprite; imisltilombish, his soul,
Matt, 16: 26.

shilombish ahalaia, a., spiritual; ami-
shilombish on, my spirit.

Shilombish chitokaka aba, n., Deity.

Shilombish holitopa, n., the Holy
Spirit; the Holy Ghost; Deity; the
Paraclete.

shilombish iksho, a., soulless.

shilombish isht aiatta, a., renewed by
the spirit.

shilombish kania, v. a. i., to entrance.

shilombish okpulo, n., an unclean spirit;
an evil spirit; the devil; satan; an un
clean devil, Luke 4: 33; a demon; a
fiend; hell, i. e., the infernal powers;
an imp.

shilombish okpulo aiilbasha ansha,a.,
infernal; an infernal spirit.

shilombish okpulo holba, a., fiendlike.

shilunka, pp., a., weevil-eaten; eaten by
weevils; tanchi at shilunka, onusli at ,s7//-
lunlca.

shilukafama, n., name of a weed.

shilunkachi, a., weevil-eaten; full of
holes; tanchi shllu,nkachi.

shilukpa, shilupa, n., the lights; the
lungs; the vitals; a lung; the pluck.

shilukpa lachowa, shilukpa shua,
consumption; diseased vitals.

shilukwa, n., a toad; a wrart.

shilukwa okpulo, n., a cancer.

shilukwushi, n., a young toad; the spawn
of a toad.

shilup, n., a ghost; a spirit, Matt. 14: 26;
a sprite; an apparition; a fantasm; the
painting or picture of a man; manes; a
phantom; a shade; a spectre.

shilup aiasha, v. a. i., v. t., to haunt.

shilup aiasha, pp., haunted.

shilupa, see shilukpa.

shima, v. a. i., to split; to rive; to scantle;
to shatter.

shima, pp., split; riven; shattered.

shima, n., that which is split.

shimafa, v. a. i. sing., to split; to splinter;
to cleave; to rift; to rive.

shimafa, pp., split; cleft; riven.

shimafa, n., a splinter.

shimali, v. a. i. pi., to split; to rive.

shimali, pp., split; riven.

shimalichi, v. t., to split into fine pieces;
to rive; to splinter.

shimalichi, n., a splitter.

shimam, shimmam, v. t,, to cleave; to
split off one small piece; to rift.

shimimpa, shimipa, see shinimpa.

shimmi, shibbi, v. t., to split; to rive;
to split into shingles; to shatter; to sliver.
Capt. Miashambe used the second form
See shimnuffi.

shimmi, n., a river; a boardmaker.

shimmoli, see shimoU.

shimnuffi, shinuffi, v. t., to split off one
small piece; to splinter; shibbi, pi., in
oski a?1 aJiibbi, to peel off the thin out
side bark of cane to make baskets.

shimoha, v. a. i., to have the nightmare;
to sleep, as the limbs, arms, or legs; to
have the jerks (sJthnoltatitula); to swoon;
to be insensible, as from drinking freely
of ardent spirits.

shimoha, n., numbness of the limbs, as
when asleep; the " jerks" or the exer
cise, such as some people exhibit at re
ligious meetings; the nightmare; incu
bus; a swoon.

shimoha, a., numb; asleep, as the limbs.
shimoha, pp., benumbed; rendered tor
pid; paralyzed; intoxicated.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

331

shirn.oh.achi, v. t., to benumb; to bring
on the nightmare, the jerks, etc. ; to
numb.

shimoli, shimmoli, v. a. i., to smart, as
a flesh wound.

shimoli; shimmoli, n., smart.

shimoli, v. t. , to benumb.

shimoli, pp., made to smart; benumbed.

shimoli chi, v. t., to make the flesh smart.

shinakha, shanakha, n., the upper part
of the back between the shoulders.

shinakha umpatha, n., a cape.

shinap, n., ash; white ash.

shinasbi, shinisbi (q. v.), a., moist;
sweaty; sticky.

shinashbi, shinashbo, a., thick; sticky,
like honey or molasses.

shininfa, shinim, see nukshinifa, etc..

shinihachi, v. a. i., to hum.

shinihachi, n., a hum; a stir.

shinilli, v. a. i., to run out; to ooze out,
as the juices of meat when roasted; to
trickle, as perspiration.

shinillichi, v. t., to cause to run out, etc.

shinimpa, shimipa, shimimpa, a.,
swift; quick; rapid; hika kat sltinimpa,
maleli kat shinimpa.

shinimpa, v. n., to be swift, 2 Sam. 1: 23.

shinimpa, n., swiftness; celerity; quick
ness; rapidity; velocity.

shinimpachi, v. t., to cause to go swiftly.

shinisbi, shinasbi, a., moist, as the skin
when sweaty; sweaty.

shinisbi, v. n. , to be moist or sweaty.

shinisbi, n., moisture on the flesh.

shinisbichi, v. t., to make moist; to
cause moisture.

shinli (from sliilli, q. v.), v. t., to pick
out from a hole or from between; to
pick the teeth; noti inshinli, a tooth
pick; pass., sJiinyah like chanyah, from
chanli.

shinli, n., a picker.

shinoa, v. a. i., to wrinkle.

shinoa, pp., wrinkled; nashuka yat shi-
noat taha; ta^sh shinoa, name of sweet
corn.

shinoa, n., wrinkles; a dimple.

shinofa, v. a. i., to wrinkle; talhko at
sJiinofa.

shinofa, pp., wrinkled.

shinofa, n., a wrinkle.

shinoffi, v. t., to wrinkle; to draw up;
to pucker up.

shinoli, v. a. i. pi., to wrinkle; to pucker;

to contract.

shinoli, pp., wrinkled,
shinoli, n., wrinkles,
shinolichi, v. t., to wrinkle up; to cause

to wrinkle.

shinonoa, v. a. i., to wrinkle.
shinonoa, pp., wrinkled,
shinonoa, n., wrinkles.
shinononkachi, pp., wrinkled.
shinononkachi, v. a. i., to wrinkle,
shinonolichi, v. t., to make wrinkles; to

wrinkle.

shinuffi, see shimnuffi.
shinuk, n., sand; shinuk paknaka yon,

the sand, Matt, 7: 26.
shinuk aialhto, n., a sand box.
shinuk foka, n., the desert; the sand

barrens; a desert place; destruction;

the sands.

shinuk haiemo, n., quicksand.
shinuk kaha, n., the dead; destruction;

quicksand; sands; deserts; shinuk kaha

ia, they have gone to the dead (not

often used).

shinuk laua, a. , sandy,
shinuk onlali, v. t., to sand,
shinuk onlaya, pp., sanded.
shinuktileli, n., wild balm; horsemint

(a wreed).

shinukyolulli, n., sarsaparilla.
shiota., v. a. i., to subside, as a swelling.
shipachi, see shippachi.
shippa, v. a. i., to dry, as a cow fails to

give milk; to go dry.
shippa, v. a. i., to abate; to subside; to

cool, as a fever; to go down; to ebb; to

fall, as water in a stream; to evaporate;

to lower; to remit,
shippa, pp., abated; subsided; cooled;

assuaged; fallen; evaporated; ikshippo,

a., unabated,
shippa, a., low.
shippachechi, v. t., to abate; to cause

to abate; to cool.
shippachi, v. a. i., to cool; to abate; to

subside; to remit; yanha kqt shipachitok,

the fever left her.
shippachi, shipachi, a., pp., cooled;

assuaged; abated.

shippali, v. t., to cool; to assuage; to mit
igate; to cause to fall or go down, ebb,

etc.
shitabli, see shatabli.

332

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

shitammi, shatammi (q. v.) , v. a. i., to

swell up in the bowels,
shitibli, v. a. i., to swell, as grain when

soaked.

shitibli, pp., swollen,
shitiblichi, v. t., to cause to swell; to

swell.

shitimmi, a., puffy; v. n., to be puffy,
shitimmi, v. a. i., to puff; to swell,
shittilema, shihtilema, ishtilema (in

old times), v. t., to despise; to scorn; to

disdain; to contemn; to reject; to scout;

to sneer; to spurn; to abhor, 1 Kings

11:25; 1 Sam. 2: 17.
shittilema, n., one who scorns; a con-

temner; a scorner; a leather; scorn; a

sneer.

shittilema, a., scornful; despicable; dis
dainful,
shittilemachi, v. t., to render scornful;

to cause to scorn.
shinya, pp., picked; see shell.
shiyuli, v. t.,to fallen; to hold; see Gen.

45: 14, to fall on the neck, etc. (lipia is

used in the last translation).
shke, see ishJce.
shobi, see shohbi.
shobobunkachi, v. a. i., rent, like corn

leaves by the hail,
shoboli, shobulli, v. a. i., to smoke; to

ascend, as smoke, fog, steam, etc.; to

fume; to reek, Josh. 8: 20; shobonli,

reeking.
shoboli, shobulli, a., smoky; smoking.

Matt. 12: 20; pp., smoked; onshoboli.
shoboli, n., smoke; a current of smoke;

a fume; steam.
shobolichi, v. t., to smoke; to fume; ni-

pi an onshobolichi, to smoke meat; to fu
migate; to smother; nipi a» o^shobulli-

clii, to smoke on (on being on) ; onsJtobul-

lichi, n., a smoker,
shobota, v. a. i., to ascend, as ashes, dust,

or sand; hitukchubi at shobota.
shobota, n., steam,
shobulli, see shoboli.
shochoha, a., pp., entangled; snarled;

knurly; knurled; anumpa shochoha, id

shochoha.
shochoha, v. a. i., to tangle up; to become

entangled ; itashochoha.
shochoha, n., a snarl,
shocholi, v. t., to entangle ;7>o/;o/ay«w ish-

shocholl na.

shoekachi, v. a. i., to rip off, like the sole
of a shoe; slmlush at shoekachi.

shoeli, shueli, v. t. pi., to divest; to un
ravel; to draw out; shinfi, sing.

shofoha, v. a. i., to swell; pp., swollen.

shofoli, v. a. i., to swell; to rise, as flesh
when it first begins to swell.

shofoli, pp., swollen.

shofoli, n., a swelling.

shofoli, a., sandy; yakni shofoli, sandy
land.

shofolichi, v. t., to swell; to cause to
swell.

shoha, pp., ground; sharpened; sholichi,
v. t.

shohalalli, v. a. i., to slip; to slide; sa-
shohalalli cha satula.

shohalallichi, v. t., to cause to slip or
slide.

shohala, shohhala, a., light; buoyant,
Matt. 11: 30; tiak shohala, dry pine, rot
ten through.

shohala, v. n., to be light; sholialaiya,
pro. form.

shohala, pp., lightened.

shohala, n., levity; lightness; buoyancy.

shohalachi, v. t., to make light; to
lighten.

shohbi, shobi, n., evening; the close of
the day; all day; antali shohbi, I have
stayed all day.

shohbi, v. a. i.; shoba^hosi, Matt. 14: 15.

shohbichi, v. t., to continue at an em
ployment till night; to make it night;
to finish the day; to spend the day.

shohbikanli, n., evening.

shohbikanli, v. a. i., to become evening.

shohhalali, v. a. i. pi., to slip down.

shohhalalichi, v. t., to cause to slip.

shohhala, see shohala.

shohkalali, a., clear; bright; limpid;
transparent; vivid; oka yat shohkalali.

shohkalali, v. n., to be clear; apisa yqt
shohkalali

shohkalali chi, v. t., to clear; to make
bright, etc.

shohkawali, n., pureness; clearness;
transparency.

shohkawali, shohkauali, a., clear; lim
pid; transparent; lucid; pure, 1 Kings
7: 45; glittering, Deut. 32: 41.

shohkawali, shohkauali, v. n., to be
clear or limpid.

BYINGTO^]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

333

shohkawalichi, v. t., to make clear,
etc.

shohmakali, a., serene; calm; mild;
pleasant; kucha shohmakali achukma.

shohmakali, v. n., to be serene.

shohmakali, n., sereneness; calmness.

shohmakalichi, v. t., to make serene;
to calm.

shohmalali, n., glare; glory; brightness;
irradiation; luster; a shining; splendor.

shohmalali, shohmilali, a., pp., bright;
glittering; burnished; furbished; efful
gent; shiny; irradiated.

shohmalali, shohmilali, v. n., to be
bright; hashi at shohmilali; tali hata, at
shohnt/ilali.

shohmalali, v. a. i., to shine; to glim
mer; to dazzle; to glare; to glisten; to
glitter; to reflect; sanishkin an onshoh-
malali.

shohmalalichi, v. t., to burnish; to
brighten ; to irradiate.

shohmalalichi, n., a burnisher.

shohmalashli, a. pi., bright; glistening.

shohmalashli, v. n., to be bright; v. a.i.,
to shine; fichik at shohmalashli.

shohpakali, v. a. i., to shine (but not
bright, as on a cloudy day); see Matt.
17:2.

shohwalashli, v. a. i., to be dainty, Rev.
18: 14.

shonkak, n., name of some bird.

shokatti, see shukatti.

shokula, n., sugar, a Chickasaw word,
from sugar in English, I presume.

sh.oku.rbi, shukulbi, n., a nook; the
inside corner of a field; the inside part
of a bend; a fork; abend; bokshokulbi.

shola hinla, a., portable.

sholi, v. t., to carry on the back or shoul
der; to shoulder; to tote; to lift; sho-
wa, to take in the arms, Luke 2: 28;
to hug; to take up, Mark 2: 9; Matt.
16, 24; to bear; to bring forth young,
Luke 1: 13; Matt. 1: 23; tanampo ««
sholi; iti an sholi; allosi an sholit hikikia;
shoyuli, pro. form, to bear, Josh. 3: 13,
14, 15; shoyulit ikmoica, "bearing,"
Josh. 3: 3; shot anta, shot any a, shot ala,
si i of ia, shot minti, shot ona.

sholi, n., a carrier; a bearer; a lifter.

sholi, n., parturition.

sholichi, v. t., to cause to carry.

sholi, v. t., to mash.

sholichi, v. t., to grind; to sharpen by
grinding; to strop; to whet; to hone.

sholichi, n., one who sharpens; a whet-
ter.

shonuya, n., a skein.

shonuyachi, v. t., to make a skein.

shotukli, v. a. i., to beat, as the pulse.

shua, a., rotten; foul; putrid; having a
disagreeable smell; fulsome; fetid;
loathsome; nasty; rank; ikshuo, uncor-
rupt.

shua, v. n., to be rotten or foul; ahe at
shuat taha; wishki at shua okjmlo; nan
illi at shua.

shua, v. a. i., to smell disagreeably; to
stink; to putrify; to rot; to corrupt.

shua, pp., tainted; made to smell bad;
corrupted; putrified; rotted, as pota
toes; ikshuo, a., untainted.

shua, n., stench; rottenness; filth; filthi-
ness; rankness; rot; smell (of whisky).

shuachi, v. t., to rot; to cause to smell
bad; to give an ill scent; to corrupt;
to putrify.

shuachichi, v. t., to rot.

shuahchi, pp., ground; whetted;
strapped; honed; sharpened.

shubbukli, v. a. i., to smoke up quickly,
as burnt powder; to flash.

shuchapah, shuchopah, v. a. i., to
soften; to give way; to grow easy, as
pain.

shuekachi, v. a. i., to come off; to come
out of the ground, like pea bushes and
bean poles when pulled up.

shueli, shoeli, v. t. pi., to take them
off; to divest; to doff; -nafoka inshueli,
to take off his clothes; to denude;
shuinli, nasal form.

shunfa, pp. sing., taken off; stripped;
uncovered; unstopped; inshufa, un
dressed; unfettered.

shunfa, v. a. i., to come off; to slip off or
out of; inshunfi, to disengage.

shunfi, v. t., to take off, Josh, 5: 15; to
loose a shoe; to take out; to strip off;
to slip out; to draw out, Josh. 5: 13;
to uncover; to ungird a belt; to un
hinge; to unsheath; to unstring; in-
shuji, to unbridle; to unclothe; to un
couple; to undress; to unfasten; to
unfetter; to unstop,
shufohachi, see shaha, scraped.

334

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

shuikachi, v. a. i., to scale off, as plas
tering.

shuinkachi, pp. pi., taken off; or taken
out, as a pin.

shunka,v. t., to smoke a pipe; to suck
and draw smoke into the mouth.

shunka, n. , a smoker.

shukafa, v. a. i., to peel off.

shukaf a, pp. , peeled off.

shukafa, n., that which is peeled off.

shukali, v. a. i. pi., to peel off; to chip;
to come off, as chips.

shukali, pp., peeled off; chipped; iti
sit ukali.

shukali, n., peelings; chips.

shukalichi, v. t., to cause to peel off.

shukanump ikbi, v. t., to fable.

shukanumpa anumpa, pp., fabled.

shukaffi, v. t. sing., to peel; to chip.

shunkani, n., an ant; an emmet; apismire;
ibbak inshunkqni, the elbow.

shunkani inchuka, n., an ant-heap; an
ant-hill.

shunkani ushi, n., ant eggs.

shukata, n., an opossum.

shukatti, shokatti, n., a frog; a small
frog; a young bullfrog.

shukattushi, n., the spawn of frogs.

shukbah, v. a. i., to be soft, as wet feath
ers dried.

shukbo, n., a blanket; a rug.

shukcha, n.,asack; a purse, Matt. 10: 9;
a sheath; a scabbard; a bag; a case; a
wallet; a scrip; a satchel; a pocket; a
leather bottle, Matt. 9: 17; fashukcha
shammallichi, to purse; to case.

shukha, n., a hog; swine, Matt. 7: 6; 8:
30, 31, 32.

shukha aiasha, n., a range or resort for
swine.

shukha aiimpa, n., a hog trough.

shukha anumpa, shukhanumpa, n., a
fable; a tale; a romance; an idle story.

shukha ayupi,n., the place where swine
wallow, whether in mud, sand, or
water.

shukha bil a, n., lard; hog's fat.

shukha chanla, n., a small hog, stunted
and tough.

shukha chushak hishi, n., a bristle;
bristles.

shukha himinita, n., a shot e.

shukha hobak, 11., a barrow; a male hog
castrated.

shukha inhoa, n., a word used in calling
hogs.

shukha inhollihta, shukinhollihta, n.,
a hogpen; a pigpen; a hog yard; a
swine lot; a sty.

shukha imilhpak, n., swill.

shukha inchuka, n., a hogsty; a hog-
house; a pigsty.

shukha iyubi shila, n., gammon.

shukha nakni, n., a boar; the male of
swine not castrated.

shukha nia, n., lard; fat pork.

shukha nia shila, n., bacon.

shukha nipi, n., lean pork; the lean meat
in a hog; pork.

shukha nipi shileli, v. t., to cure pork;
to make bacon.

shukha pasa, n., the side pieces of a hog;
the middling.

shukha pasa shila, n., bacon made of
side pieces.

shukha tek, n., a sow.

shukha tek hobak ikbi, v. t, to spay.

shukha tek hobak toba, pp., spayed.

shukhanumpa, a., fabulous; see shukha
anumpa.

shukhanumpikbi, v. t., to make a fable.

shukhushi, n., a pig; a shoot or shote.

shukhushi isht aiopi, n., a whinock.

shukhushi pelechi achafa, n., a far
row; a litter of pigs.

shukhushicheli, v. t., to pig; to farrow.

shukinhollihta, see shukha inhollihta.

shukli, v. t. pi., to score large logs and
cut out large slabs or blocks; shukali,
pass., scored; chipped.

shunkoma, n., a red bug; a chigoe.

shukonlichi, see shakanlichi.

shukshi, n., a watermelon.

shukshi ikfuka, n., the core of a water
melon.

shukshi nipi, n., the core of a water
melon.

shukshi nipi pehna, n. , watermelon seed.

shukshi okpulo, shukshukpulo, n., a
gourd.

shukshua, v. a. i., to whisper, 2 Cor.
12: 20.

shukshubok, shukshihobak, n., a
gourd.

shukto, v. a. i., to spread, as ink on poor
paper.

shukulbi, see shokulbi.

shulam, v. t., to scratch.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

335

shuli, v. t., to scratch, as a cat.

shulla, a. , dry; withered; wasted ; shrunk;

lean; poor; ibbak shulla, a withered

hand, Matt. 12: 10.
shulla, v. n., to be dry and decayed;

iti at shulla; nipi at shulla.
shulla, n., dryness; the dry rot.
shuUachi, v. t., to dry; to cause to decay,

shrink, etc.
shulush, n., a moccasin; a sandal, a shoe,

Matt. 10: 10; Josh. 5: 15.
shulush akalli, n. , a cobbler,
shulush atoba, n., a last,
shulush chaha, shulush falaia, n., a

boot.

shulush chaha atoba, n., a boot tree,
shulush hof aloha, n. pi., boots.
shulush ikbi, n., a shoemaker.
shulush imatali, v. t.,to shoe; to fur
nish with shoes.
shulush imalhtaha, pp. , furnished with

shoes,
shulush isht akamassa, n., a shoe

buckle.

shulush isht lusachi, n. , shoe black
ing; black ball,
shulush isht talakchi, n., a shoestring;

a shoe latchet, John 1: 27; a latchet,
shulush itichapa, n., a pair of shoes,
shulush kamassa, n., an English shoe;

a shoe with a hard sole,
shulush kallo, n., an English shoe; a

shoe.

shulush kallo falaia, n. , a boot,
shulush kallo falaia holo, v. t., to boot;

to put on a boot.

shulush kallo falaia holo, pp., booted.
shulush sh.oh.ala, n., light shoes;

slippers; pumps.
shulush tapuski, n., slippers,
shumanta, v. a. L, to have rheumatic

pains,
shumantabi, n., rheumatism; same as

nahishabi; see nahishi.
shurnatti, n., the arrow of a blowgun;

Ashumatti, name of a woman,
shumatti, shumati, n., a thistle, Matt,

7: 16.
shumba, a., defective; rotten; dry, as

a tooth or a hickory nut.
shumba, v. n., to be defective; to be

rotten; noti at shumba; oksak at shumba;

tiak shumba, a dead and decayed pine.
shumba, v. a. i., to rot.

shumbala, n., a cotton wood tree,
shummi, n., moisture; dampness; hu
midity.
shummi, a., moist; damp; dank; humid;

muggy.
shummi, v. n., to be moist; to be damp;

to be dank; hatak at shummi; yakiil at

shummi; bota yqt shummi.
shummi, pp., moistened; dampened.
shummichi, v. t., to moisten; to dampen.
shumo, n., a thistle; thistledown.
shumo api, n., a thistle stalk.
shumo holutti, n., the arrow of a blow-
gun.

shumo laua, a., thistly.
shumo naki, n., an arrow; a bolt.
shumpalali, a., glimmering; light;

bright.
shumpalali, v. n., to be light or bright;

luak at shumpalali; shutik at shumpalali.
shumpalali, v. a. i., to shine.
shumpalalichi, v. t., to brighten; to

cause to shine.
shunlulo, n., a lark,
shupik, n., the name of a fish called by

some the mudfish.
shunshi, n., an insect; a bug; a fly; a

worm; vermes; a moth, Matt. 6: 19, 20.
shunshi aiapa, a., wormeaten.
shunshi hakchuma, n., a tobacco worm,
shushi iskitini, n., a mite.
shunshi isuba acheli, n., a nitter.
shushi isht abeka a., wormy.
shunshi kalush apa, n., a cabbage worm.
shunshi laua, a., buggy; wormy.
shunshi nan tanna apa, n., a moth.
shunshi oka ansha, n., a water fly.
shunshi okchamali, n., a green fly.
shunshi okchamali isht wulhkuchi,

n., Spanish flies; cantharides.
shunshi walana, shunshi olana, n., a

horse fly; a biting fly.
shuti, n., an earthen pot used over the

fire, and a kind made by the Choctaw;

a tanfula pot, a boiler; a pot; a kettle,
shuti ansha, n., a kettle,
shuti asha atoba, n., a furnace,
shuti asha onlipa, n., a pot lid.
shuti boluktabi, n., erysipelas,
shuti chito, n., a caldron,
shuti fohki, v. t., to pot,
shuti iyasha, n., an iron kettle; a pot.
shuti iyasha akmuchi, n., a casting;

castings.

336

BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

shuti iyasha onlipa, n., a pot lid.
shuti oka aialhto, n., a water-pot, John

2: 7.
shuti tana, n., a potter; one who makes

shuti.
shutik, n., the sky; the heavens; heaven,

Matt. 11: 23, 25; 16: 2.
shutik aba, n., the firmament,
shutik hata, 11., daybreak; light in the

sky.

shutik iklanna, n., midheaven.
shutik tabokaka, ii., heaven; the circle

or the convex of the sky; the heavens,
shutukshonli, v. a. i., to breathe quick

and hard, as in speaking Choctaw loud

and fast; to pant.

shutushi, 11., a small earthen pot or ves
sel; lit., a son of the shuti.

t, sign of the nom. case or the art. the,
placed at the end of nouns and
adjectives. It has a definitive sense, as
in ilappa, ilappat, yamma, yammat; in
verbs, toksalit ia, for work he goes; t
defines or marks out to work as an
object, like to in English.

t, a conjunctive form of the article.
It connects two verbs when both have
the same nom., or where there is but
one nom. , as chumpat ia, abit apa, mak
ing a compound verb. The letter t
suffixed to the particles a, ha, ya, ka,
ma, gives them a connecting power,
and toka and oma, a definite sense.

t, placed at the end of particles is a sign
of the nom. case, as kat, ot, at.

t, when suffixed to a verb or adj.
often gives it the force of an adverb,
as achukmat ansha, he sits well; he is
well; achukmat is a word that qualifies
ansha. t has a definite as well as a
connecting office, namely that of sin
gling out and connecting two nomina
tives to different verbs. But see
above.

ta, adv. of time, doubt, and surprise, as
ish lot ta? have you been here some
time, and I did not know it (recent past
tense)? The word to which this is suf
fixed takes a t, as ishln? ishlqWt. I
think that ta is definite and to dis
tinctive, ixhlatbatta? def., ishlattof
dist.

tabakli, v. a. i., to gallop; to canter.

tabakli, n., one who canters; a gallop.

tabaklichi, v. t., to canter; to gallop; to
cause to canter or gallop.

tabashi, tabashi, v. a. i., to mourn for
the dead; to wear mourning clothes.
When the old Choctaw mourn they
put on old, filthy garments, and do not
wash, shave, comb, or visit or attend
any assembly of people. They also
cry several times daily at the grave or
at the poles set up for the dead, called
mourning poles, 2 Sam. 14: 2.

tabashi, n., a mourning.

tabash, n., a mourning person, or in time
of mourning; a nickname given to a
poor fellow in Apehka, who died some
years since; see tabashi.

tabeli, see isht tabeli.

tabikli, v. a. i., to limp; see chahikli
and hanchi.

tabikli, n., a limper.

tabokaka, n., the top; an eminence;
the summit; the vertex.

tabokoa, v. a. i., to reach the meridian.
The sun, moon, or stars may tabokoa.

tabokoa, n., the meridian; noon; mid
day; the middle of the arch of heaven;
the highest point.

tabokoa, a., vertical.

tabokoli, tabokonli, v. a. i., to reach
the meridian; tabokoli mat illitok, when
he reached noon, he died, 2 Kings 4 : 20.

tabokoli, tabokuli, n., noon; midday;
midheaven; meridian; noonday; mid
night; zenith.

tabokoli foha, n., a nooning.

tabokoli foka, n., noontide; about noon.

tabokoli ikono, n., before noon.

tabokoli impa, n., dinner.

tabokoli impa ima, v. t., to give a
dinner.

tabokoli impa impa, v. t., to dine.

tabokoli ontia, n., afternoon; past noon.

tabokonli, see tabokoli.

tabokuli, see tabokoli.

tachammaha, n., a brass ring for the
wrist, formerly worn by women.

tanchuka, n., sugar cane.

tanfula, n., Indian hominy: their drink.

tanfula hauashko, n., sour tanfula.

tanfula okchi, n., the liquid part of the
Indian hominy.

tah may be a particle formed from the
definite certain a and compounded with
/, suffixed to the previous word.

BTINQTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

337

tah, a particle in the remote past tense;
ishla tali? did you come some time since?

tah, adv., assurance against doubt; minti
tah; okaiillit tahatok, perished in the
waters, Matt. 8: 32.

taha, v. a. i., to end; to be gone; to
finish; to complete, Josh. 3: 17; 4: 23;
5: 1; Matt. 2: 9; ont intaiyaha, he had
finished, Matt. 7: 28.

taha, pp., done; gone; finished; com
pleted; exhausted; used; passed; intai
yaha, Matt. 11: 1; v. a. i., alopullit
taiyaha, Josh. 4: 1, 11; nitak at antahqt
iahqshke — Mikhobela's speech to his
son; taiyaha, pro. form.

taha, a., complete; iktaho, a., undecayed.

taha, adv., completely; entirely; wholly;
perfectly; quite; holhtinqt taha, Matt.
10: 30; tahashke, Matt. 14: 15.

taha, n., the expiration; the end; ont
tahama, at the end of, 2 Sam. 24: 8.

tahahe keyu, a., unfailing.

tahat ia, v. a. i., to fail; to wear out.

tahbi, v. a. i., to ululate, as a wolf.

tahchabana, n., a suspender; tahchaban-
kqchi, pi.

tahchi, n., the shoulder, Josh. 4: 5.

tahchi okpatha, tahchi foni, n., the
shoulder blade.

tahchonchiya, n., an epaulet.

tahchukah, adv., a word expressing
doubt, with an inquiry; seechukah; tah
implies the recent past tense.

tahpala, v. a. i., to shout; to scream;
to halloo; to call after; to exclaim; to
shriek; to vociferate; to yell; tahpalqt
okla mat, they (2) cried out; to cry,
Matt. 12: 19; 14: 26; 15: 22; isht tah
pala, v. t. ; tapahanla, freq.

tahpala, n., a shout; a shouter; an ex
clamation; an outcry; a shriek; a yell.

tahpali, tahpuli, v. t., to array ; to dress,
Luke 16: 19; used only with a pro
noun, as ilatapuli, to dress himself.

tahpalichi, v. t., to array others; to dress
another.

tahtua, pp., shaken; flirted.

tahtuli, v. t., to shake; to flirt; to shake
off, Matt. 10: 14; shukbo an tahtuli.

tak, atak, (the a is a prefix particle),
adv., usually; commonly; a colloquial
word.

taka, pp., scooped; dipped.

843:59°— Bull. 46 — 15 22

takafa, pp., dipped up, as water in a cup.
takakanli, v. a. i., to incubate; to set.
takakanli, v. a. i., to circulate, as anum-
pa hat takakanli; to offer; to be tossed,
Matt. 14: 24.

takalechi, takalichi, v. t., to hang; to
hitch; to lodge, or cause to hang, as
one tree on another; to put forth, Matt.
13: 24; to raise up, Luke 1 : 69; to lift up,
John 3: 14; to launch out (pit takalechi),
Luke 5:4; to enter; to lay on, as an ac
count; to suspend, Josh. 8: 29; to offer,
2 Sam. 24: 12; itatakalechi, to concate
nate; to link together; to connect; iti
intakalichi, to clog him; to hang a piece
of wood to him.

takali, v. a. i., to hang, Josh. 8: 29; to
stand; to stick; to hitch; to lock; to be,
Josh. 3: 4; Matt, 2: 9; 6: 21; iktakalo
kawa, a double neg., Matt. 18: 7; takant
fahakachi, to tangle.

takali, pp., a., hung; lifted; close; en
tered; hooked; suspended; itatakali,
itqtakqli, pp., hung together; linked
together; linked; concatenated; con
nected.

takali, n., a hanging; an entry; a lodge;
a pendant.

takanli, a., imminent; pending.

takant, cont. from takanlit.

takant fahakachi, v. a. i., to dangle; to
hang and swing.

takastua, a., having corners like a four
square bottle.

takat taha, pp. pi., dipped out.

takabli, takapli, v. a. i., to stop or sup
press, like anukbikeli.

takaffi, v. t., to dip up; to dip out.

takaffi, n., one who dips.

takaffit kampila, v. t., to retail; to dip
and sell.

takaffit kampila, n., a retailer.

takanha, v. a. i., to teeter; to palpitate
at the pit of the stomach.

takassa, a., flat and thin, as a china-bean
pod; takqskoa, pi.

takassa, v. n., to be flat and thin; bala
hakshup at takassa; takqskoa, pi.

takassalli, v. t., to make flat and thin.

takashi, n., the milt; the spleen; intak-
qshi, his milt.

takba, a., bitter; astringent; acrid;
acerb; harsh — applied to the eyes.

338

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[BULL. 46

takba, v. n., to be bitter, astringent, etc. ;

unkof at takba, bashukcha hishi at takba.
takba, n., astringency.
takbachi, a., bitterish; somewhat bitter,

astringent, etc.

takbachi, v. n., to be bitterish,
takbachi, v. t., to render bitter or astrin
gent; to embitter.
takchaka, n., the edge; the margin; the

border; the list; shukbo takchaka, yak-

ni takchaka.
takchaka ikbi, v. t, to border; to make

a border; to margin,
takchaka ikbi, n., one who makes a

border.
takchi, v. t., to tie; to bind, Matt. 12: 29;

14:3; 16:19; Josh. 2:21; toenchain; to

chain; to hobble; to confine; to lace;

to lash; to leash; to restrain; to shackle;

iletakchi, to tie himself; to thrum; to

trammel; to truss; to constrain; to en
chain; to fillet.
takchi, n.. one who ties.
takchichi, v. t.,to tie; ititakchichi, to tie

together; to bunch; atakchichi, atakchi-

chi, to tie to.
takchit ishi, v. t., to arrest; to take and

bind,
takish intashka chipota, n., a janizary;

a soldier of the Turkish foot guards,
takkon, takon, n., a peach.
takkon anli, n., a clingstone peach.
takkon api, n., a peach tree,
takkon chito, n., an apple,
takkon fakopa, n., a freestone peach,
takkon foni, n., a peach stone.
takkon foni humma, n., a clingstone

peach; a red peach stone.
takkon foni nipi, n., a peach meat,
takkon hakshup, n., a peach rind; a

peach skin.

takkon hoshiko, n., peach fuzz,
takkon kallo, n., a clingstone peach,
takkon masunfa, takkon misunfa, n.,

an apple.

takkon masunfa api, n., an apple tree,
takkon masunfa honni, n., apple sauce,
takkonlapi, n., a peach tree.
takkonlipun, n. , an apple; heard among

the Bay or Sixtowns Indians; lipun

they borrowed from the French la

pomrne.

takkonlush api, n., a plum tree,
takkonlushi, n., a plum; a wild plum.

takkonHtilli, n. , peach-tree gum.

takla, a., being between.

takla, v. n., to be between; itintakla, to
be between them; hachititakla, be
tween you, Josh. 4: 6; itinakla, Matt.
18: 2; into, Josh. 2: 19; ititakla, among,
Josh. 7: 21; aiitintakla, through; by
means of, Josh. 8: 9; itintakla atia, n.,
a pass.

takla, tankla, prep, adv., with; among,
1 Kings 11: 20, 21, 22; between; on
this side; amid; amidst; till; until,
Matt. 1: 23[?]; John 4: 40; chitakla
hikialahe, 2 Sam. 18: 14.

takla, n., side; itatakla, this side of, and
between this place and that; bok itatakla,
between this place and the creek.

tankla, n. f., during; while; along; being
with; until; in the way, Matt. 5: 25;
9: 10; 13: 25; 14: 22; 15: 32.

tankla, within, Josh. 1: 11.

tankla ansha, to sit with; to be present.

tankla anya, taklaya, v. a. i., to go along
with; to accompany; to attend.

tankla binili, v. a. i., to sit with; to in
trude.

tankla binili, n., an intruder; an in
trusion.

tankla binoli, v. a. i. pi., to sit with,
Matt. 9: 10.

tankla ia, to go with.

tankla minti, v. a. i., to come with.

taklaya, see tankla any a.

taklachi, v. t., to remove this way; to
bring this way; olataklachi, to reduce a
price; ataklachi, n., "absence," Luke
20: 6[?]; but it is used here as a
verb.

taklechi, v. t., to bring this way; as ola-
taklechi, to reduce the price; to get it
lower.

takli, v. t. pi., to dip up; to dip out; to
ladle; to scoop; "to lap;" oka taklit
ishko, ofi yosh isunlash isht takli, Judges
7:5,7.

takli, 11., one who dips; a scooper.

takli, n., a dipper; dippers.

takoba, n., the belly; the abdomen; the
paunch; the large stomach ; the bowels;
the maw.

takoba chito, n. and a., pot bellied.

takoba kashofa, pp., evacuated.

takoba kashoifi, v. t., to evacuate.

takoba kucha, pp., emboweled.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

339

takobakucha, v. a. i., to come out, as

the bowels; for the bowels to come out.
takoba kuchi, v. t., to disembowel.
takofa, v. a. i. sing., to slip off; shakba

at takofa, at the joint.

takofa, pp., slipped off; takofi, v. t. v,

takoinsha, takonwisha, tikoinsha, n., a

willow; the common willow,
takoli, v. a. i. pi., to hang; takohnli, n. f.,

Luke 5: 2.
takoli, pp., hung; suspended (with a

locative), Josh. 10: 26; itatakoli, linked

together.
takolichi, v. t., to hang them (with a

locative), Josh. 10: 26; takoliechi, pro.

form; takolinchi, nas. form; itatakolichi,

to link them together; itatakolichi, to

link.

takonwisha, see takoinsha.
takonwisha naksish falaia, n., the

weeping willow,
takshi, n., diffidence,
takshi, a., ashamed; bashful; afraid;

timid; modest; abashed; diffident;

sheepish.

takshi, v. n., to be ashamed, etc.
takshichi, v. t., to render bashful,
taksho, n., fragments of tanfula boilers.
Takshochiya, n., name of a place in the

old Nation.

tanktaha, v. a. i., to cackle, as a fowl.
tanktaha, n., a cackling; a cackler.
taktaki, a., spotted; having a dirty color,
taktaki, pp., speckled,
taktaki, v. n., to be spotted; to have a

dirty color.
taktakicM, taktakechi, v. t., to spot;

to give a dirty color; to speckle,
tala, n., palmetto; also the name of a

weed.

talaia, a., situated; stagnant.
talaia, v. a. i. sing., to stand; 2 Kings

9: 27; Matt. 12: 25; 2 Sam. 24: 5; to be,

to lie, Matt. 8: 26; 11: 23, to remain;

to stagnate, as water; to stand still,

ontalaia, v. t., to ride; to sit on; to set

on, Matt. 5: 14.
talaia, pp., placed; set; ontalaia, founded;

talanya, n. f., standing in, as water or

milk in some vessel.
talaia, n., a situation.
talaia, tallaia, n., that which stands, as

a spot, a grove, one; a situation; a trail;

lusa talaia, a black spot; humma talaia,

a red spot; bihi talaia; tiak talaia; olda
talaia, one people.

talakchi, pp., tied; bound, Matt. H>: 1!);
banded; enchained; chained; confined;
constrained; corded; laced; lashed;
(packed; shackled; ibbak at talakchl; ii/i
intalakchi; -itatalftkchi, bound together;
iktalakcho, a., unbound; unconfined.

talakchi, a., stiff; as lyi talakchi; ibbak
talakchi.

talakchi, n., that which is tied; a bundle;
a pack.

talali, v. t. sing., to set; to place; to set
down; to set forth, John 2: 10; to put,
Matt. 5: 15; ontalali, to set on; to found;
to locate; to spread; tali paknaka yon
inchuka atalalitokan, which built his
house upon a rock, Matt. 7: 24; sJtinuk
paknakayonatalalitu.k, Matt. 7: 26; hasld
talali, to change as, or to come out as
the moon, i. e., the new moon.

talali, n., one who sets; one who sets on;
a setter.

talhpa, n., soapstone; rotten limestone.

talimushi, n., high palmetto.

taliskachi, a. pi., numb, asleep, as a
limb, hand, or foot.

taliskachi, v. n., to be numb.

taliskachi, n., numbness.

talissa, a. sing., numb; having the feel
ing of a limb that is asleep; asleep.

talissa, v. n., to be numb; to be asleep;
iyi at talissa, iyi at kapassat illi, are ex
pressions of one sense.

talissa, n., numbness.

taloa, talowa, talwa, talloa, v. a. i.,
to sing; to praise in song; to carol; to
chant; to hymn; to tune; intaloa, \. t.,
to praise him; to sing to him; isht
taloa, to pitch, as a tune; to sound;
to warble; ilhtqlu-a, songs, Gen. 31: 27,
iktdloo, a., unsung.

taloa, 11., a ballad; a song; a ditty; music;
a psalm, a tune; a warble; a note.

taloa, n., a singer; a chanter; a choir; a
minstrel; a songster; a tuner; a warbler.

taloa abachi, n., psalmody.

taloa achukma, 11., melody; good sing
ing.

taloa afalamoa, v. a. i., to trill.

taloa aliha, n. , a choir; a body of singers.

taloa ikbi, v. t., to make a song, a hymn,
or tune; to harmonize.

taloa ikbi, 11., a psalmist; a poet.

340

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

taloa ikhanachi, n., a singing master;

a music master.
taloa imp onna, n., a skillful singer; a

musician; a singing master.
taloa isht ia, v. t., to set a tune; to lead

in singing.

taloa itilaui, v. t., to harmonize,
taloa tikba heka, n., a chorister.
taloa wannichi, v. a. i., to quaver,
taloat abachi, v. a. i., to practice singing,
taloat takalichi, v. t., to tune,
taloha, v. a. i. pi., to stand; to lie; to be.
taloha, pp., placed; set, Matt. 14: 15;

situated, Josh. 14: 1; ampo hat taloha.
taloha, v. n. pi., to be; used to denote

plurality, Luke 2: 37; 4: 31[?].
taloha, n., spots; as lusa taloha, humma

taloha.
talohmanya, v. a. i., to stand around,

John 2: 6.
taloti, v. t. pi., to set; to place; to set

down a vessel, a plate, a cup, a bucket,

etc.

taloli, n., the one who sets, etc.
talot maya, v. a. i., to stand around.
talot maya, n. pi., the bystanders; those

who stand around,
talowa, see taloa.

talunshik, talunshik, n. , gravel ; a pebble,
talako, talaka, talakhatta, n., the gray

eagle.
talalanka, talaklanka, and talalanka,

either or both at once, 1 Kings 6: 31;

10: 19; Josh. 8: 33; Ex. 12: 7 (last

best.— J. Edwards),
talapi, a., five; V; 5, Matt. 14: 17, 21;

16: 9; talampi, being five; all five; ta-

lampit ia.

talapiha, adv., five times.
talepa, n., a hundred; 100; C; talepa tu-

ch'ma, John 12: 5.
talepa achafa, n., one hundred; five

score; 100; C; Matt. 13: 8; 18: 12.
talepa sipokni,n., a thousand; 1,000: M;

mille; Matt. 14: 21; 15: 38; 16: 9, 10;

Josh. 8: 3.

talepa sipokni achafa, n., one thousand.
talepa sipokni pokoli, n., ten thousand;

a myriad,
talepa sipokni talepa sipokni, talepa

sipokni bat talepa sipokni, n., a

thousand thousand ; a million.
talepa sipokni tuklo, 11., two thousand,

Josh. 3: 4,

talepaha, adv., a hundred times.

tali (cont., taht),v.t., to finish (see taha};
to consummate; to end; v. t., to com
plete; to exhaust; to make an end of;
ikbit tali; isJikot tali, to drink and finish,
or to drink ale; used as "had" in ita-
hobittali, had called, Matt. 10: 1; taiyali,
pro. form; to finish, Matt. 13: 53; 17:
11; Josh. 2: 10; taht kanchi, to com
plete the sale or to sell off; to spend,
Deut. 32:23; ilatali, 2 Sam. 15: 1; Josh.
4: 23; 5: 1; iktalo, a., unexhausted; un
spent; abittali, to kill all, Josh. 8: 21.

tali, n., a finisher.

talona, n., a sore; talona ikhfosh, vaccine
matter; chilakwa ikhinsh, vaccine matter
(a better name).

talofa, v. a. i., to get out of joint.

talofa, pp., dislocated; luxated; put
out of joint; disjointed.

talofa, n., a dislocation; a luxation.

talofa naha, n., a strain.

talofa naha, pp., sprained; strained.

taloffi, a., a luxation.

taloffi, v. t., to dislocate; to luxate; to
disjoint.

taloffi naha, v. t., to sprain.

taloha, pp. pi., dislocated; luxated.

taloli, v. t. pi., to dislocate; to luxate.

talunwa, n., ivy; such as grows up and
cleaves to oak trees on the side. — Alex
ander Traver [or Faver.]

tamaffi, see tomaffi.

tamampa, v. i., to sound.

tamoli, tamoli, v. t., to scatter; oka

tamoli, Ex. 10: 19.
'tampki, a., dark; oklili mat tampkifehna.

tanakbi, n., a crook; a hook; a bend; a
curve.

tanakbi, a., hooked; crooked; bent; bow
bent; curving; tanantobih, pi.

tanakbi, v. n., to be hooked, crooked,
bow bent, etc.

tanakbi, pp., bended; incurvated.

tanakbichi, v. t., to bend, as a bow; to
crook; to hook; to make hooked; to in-
curvate.

tananip abeli, v. t. , to charge a gun ; to
load a gun.

tanamp aiulhpi, tanampo aiulhpi, n.,
a gun stock.

tananip chit o, tanampo chito, n., a
cannon; a big gun; a howitzer; a piece
of ordnance or artillery; a field piece.

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341

tanamp chito aiisht hunsa achafa, n.,

a gunshot.
tanamp chito innaki, 11., a cannon ball;

a cannon shot.
tanamp chito innaki pit akanchi

alhpesa, n., a cannon shot; the range

or distance which a cannon will throw

a ball.

tanamp chito isht atta,n., a cannoneer,
tanamp fabassa, tanampo fabassa, n.,

a carbine; a musket; a smooth bore

gun; a fowling piece,
tanamp fabassa iskitini, n., a fusee.
tanamp hochito, n. pi., cannon; big

guns; ordnance; artillery,
tanamp hochito ontukalichi, v. t., to

cannonade.

tanamp hoshintika, n. , the guard on a
gun.

tanamp ikbi, n., a gunsmith.

tanamp imatahshi, tanamp imatak-
ashshi n., the breech of a gun; see
tanamp sokbish.

tanamp isht kashokachi, tanampo
isht kashokachi, n., a gun stick; a
gun wiper; a rammer.

tanamp isht kasholichi, n., a gun stick;
a gun wiper.

tanamp lapali, n., a gun lock.

tanamp nihi, n., a gun barrel; the cali
ber; the bore of a gun.

tanamp nihi chito, n., a large gun bar
rel; a blunderbuss.

tanamp patali, n., a rifle.

tanamp patali sholi, n., a rifleman.

tanamp puskus, n., a pistol.

tanamp puskus inshukcha, n. , a holster.

tanamp sokbish, tanamp imatakash-
shi, n., the breech or butt end of a
gun.

tanamp sokbish isht ashana, n., the
screw of a gun at the breech.

tanamp shibata, n. , a bow to shoot with.

tanamp shibata isht talakchi, n., a
bowstring.

tanamp ushi, n., a pistol.

tanampi, a., hostile; in a state of war;
imokla- achafa itintanampi, n., an insur
rection.

tanampi, v. L, to fight, Josh. 4: 13; 10: 5;
tanampitia, Josh. 8: 3.

tanampi, v. n., to be hostile; to be at
war; itlntanarnpi, to be at war with each
other; to war; intanahampi, 1 Sam. 15:

18; Josh. 11: 23; itintanampi, n., hos
tility.

tanampo, n., a gun; a musket; firearms;
a firelock.

tanampo ahalalli, n., the trigger of a
gun.

tanampo aiulhpi, see tanamp aiulJqn.

tanampo anumpisa, tanampo aia-
numpisa, n., the sight of a gun.

tanampo anumpisachi, v. t., to take
aim; to take sight.

tanampo albiha achafa, n., a charge;
one load; a cartridge.

tanampo chito, see tanamp chito.

tanampo fabassa, see tanamp fabqsxa.

tanampo haksun chiluk, n., the touch-
hole of a gun.

tanampo isht kashokachi, see tanamp
isht kashokachi.

tanampo ittopa, n., the muzzle of a gun;
the caliber; the hole; ittopa is the outer
hole of a gun barrel or bottle, or an
auger hole; also the entrance of such a
hole.

tanantobi, a. pi., crooked; bent.

tanantobi, v. n., to be crooked.

tanantobi, n. pi., crooks.

tanantobichi, v. t., to make crooked; to
crook; to hook; to bend.

tanapa, pp. sing., put over; passed over;
crossed over; wok at bok an tanapa.

tanapoa, pp., pi., put over; passed over;
wak at hollihta yan tanapoa.

tanapolechi, v. t. pi., to drive them over;
to put over; to cause to go over; to carry
over; to ferry over; to get them over;
alhpoyak an tanapolechit tali.

tanapoli, auanapoli, v. a. i. pi., to pass
over; to cross over; to leap over; okhi-
na yan tanapoli; oklat okhata chito tana
poli.

tanabli, auanabli, abanabli, v. a. i. sing. ,
to pass over, Matt. 9:1; to go over; to
leap over; to get over; to cross over,
whether a stream, a creek, a tree, a
log, a bridge, a fence, etc., Josh. 2: 23;
3: 1, 6, 14; 4: 11, 12, 13.

tanabli, n., one who crosses over.

tanablichi, v. t., to drive over; to
cause another to leap over; to take
over; to ferry across, etc. ; to bring over,
Josh. 7:7.

tanaffo, v. t., to plait; to braid; to plat;
atanaffochi, to weave a basket with

342

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

strands of different colors; like apan-
achi and ahokchichi.

tanaffo, tanaffo, n., a plaiter; a braider,
tanallachi, tannallachi, v. t., to bend;
to make it crooked.

tanallali, v. t., to bend.

tanalloha, pp. pi., crooked; bent.

tanalloli, v. t. pi., to bend; to crook.

tanch afotoha, n., a corn mill.

tanch ampi, n., an ear of corn; an ear.

tanch api, n., a cob; a corncob.

tanchi, n., corn; maize; Indian corn, but
not English grain or corn.

tanchi aholokchi, n., corn ground; a
place where corn is planted.

tanchi ahoyo, n., a place where corn has
been gathered.

tanchi apata, tanchi apatali, n., a corn
sucker.

tanchi habali, n., a corn tassel just put
out.

tanchi hakshup, n., a corn husk; a corn
shuck.

tanchi hishi, tansh hishi, n., corn
leaves; corn fodder; a corn blade.

tanchi hishi sit a, tansh hishi sit a, n., a
bundle of corn fodder.

tanchi hoyo, v. t., to harvest corn; tan
chi at hoyot taha, pp., harvested.

tanchi inpashi, n., corn silk.

tanchi isht alhpisa, n., a corn measure;
a half bushel, Matt. 5: 15.

tanchi isht pashpoa, tanchi isht
bashpoa, n., broom corn.

tanchi limimpa, n., flint corn; smooth
and hard corn.

tanchi paska, n., corn bread.

tanchi paska atoba, n., bread corn.

tanchi pushi,n., corn meal, Matt. 13: 33.

tanchi shikoa, tanshshikoa, n., sweet
corn.

tani, v. a. L, to rise from a lying pos
ture; to arise, Matt. 2: 13, 14; to rise
up; to get up; to rise from the grave;
Jiatnk illl moma kat tanahioke; micha
taniinat, and when he arose; illituk at
tani, Matt. 11: 5; 17: 7; tanichanowa,
arise and walk, Matt. 9:5; tanit, arise
and ; tani cha incliuka iatok, Matt. 9: 6, 7,
Josh. 3: 1; 6: 12; 7: 10.

tani, n., a riser; a stirrer.

tani, n., a rising.

tanichi, v. t., to raise; to cause to rise;
to raise to life or from the grave,
Matt. 10: 8.

tanip (Eng. ), n., a turnip,
tanlakchi, n., a pimple; a pustule; a
tubercle, such as appears in the throat
when sore, connected with bronchitis;
a pimple on the face,
tanlubo, tanlubona. n., hominy,
tannaff o , tannaff o, pp. , plaited; braided,
tannaff o, n., a plat,
tannalla, pp., crooked; bent,
tannallachi, see tanallachi.
tapafakchi, n., prairie hawk; see

ibafakchi and hatabafakchi.
tapaski, v. n., to be thin,
tapaskichi, v. t., to make thin; to thin,
tapena, n., a war club.
tanpi, a., very; a Sixtowns word, like

tokba.

tapuski, tapaski, n., fineness.
tapuski, tapaski, a., thin, as cloth,
paper, a board, glass, or the blade of a
knife; fine; sleazy; subtle.
tapushink, n., a flat basket,
tasa, n., heavy lightning; the report of

thunder,
tasaha, v. a. i. sing., to whoop; to

shout; to scream; to halloo,
tasaha, n. pi., shouters; screamers,
tasaha, n. pi., a shouting; a whooping;

a screaming; a yelling.
tasali, tasali, v. a. i. pi., to whoop; to
scream; to yell; to shout; nanta hosh
tasali, Acts 7: 57; intasali v. t., to whoop
for him.

tasali, n., a shouter.
tasalli, v. a. i., to be dull or blunt, as the
point of a plow; to run down, as rain
from a rubber coat,
tasalli, v. t., to stir the surface of the

ground; to plow shallow.
tasannuk, n., a flint.
tasembo, pp., crazed; distracted; in
fatuated; shattered.

tasembo, tasemmo,a., delirious; crazy;
wild; besotted; ungovernable; fanatic;
frantic; furious; giddy; insane; rabid;
lunatic, Matt. 4: 24.

tasembo, tasemo,v. n., to be delirious.
tasembo, v. a. i., to faint; to rave.
tasembo, tasemo,n., craziness; aliena
tion of mind; delirium; frenzy; a fury;

BYINGTOK]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

343

infatuation; insanity; lunacy; madness;

mania; rabidness; a reverie; a trance,
tasembochi, tasemochi, v. t., to craze;

to make anothei delirious; to distract;

to infatuate; to render insane; to shat
ter; to stultify; to turn,
tasemmo, tasemo, see tasembo.
tasim holba, a., foolish.
tasimbo, n., a rake; a somnambulist,
tasuha, v. t., to snap with the thumb

and finger.
tasup, n., a snap,
tasupachi, v. a. L, to snap; to sound,

as when a person thus snaps.
tansh afotoha, n., a corn mill.
tansh akka pushli, n., corn suckers.
tansh apatulli, n., corn suckers.
tansh api, n., a cornstalk; a cob.
tansh api isht peli, n., a harrow.
tansh bokanli, n., pop corn.
tansh chilluka, n., shelled corn.
tansh fotoha, n., ground corn; corn

meal.

tansh fotohli, n., a miller.
tansh haklupish, n. , corn chaff.
tanshhaksi, n., white corn; flour corn.
tansh. hilonha, n., a roasting ear.
tansh hinak, n., a corn tassel.
tansh hishi, n., corn fodder; see tanchi

hishi, and tanchi hishi sita.
tansh hoshunluk, tashhishunluk, corn

bran.

tansh hoyo, n., corn harvest.
tanshisht alhpisa, n., a corn measure;

a bushel of corn.
tansh kallo, n., flint corn.
tansh lakchi, n., corn grits; pimples on

the face.

tansh. luf a, n. , shucked corn.
tansh nihi, n., a kernel of corn; a grain

of corn.

tansh panshi, n., corn silk.
tansh panshi holusi, n., corn silk when

dry and brown.

tanshpushi, n., beaten corn meal; flour.
tansh shikowa, n., corn tied up by the

husks to dry; cf. tanchi shikoa.
tansh. shila, n., dry corn; ripe corn.
tansh ushi, n., Canada corn; small corn;

lit., baby corn.
tansh waya, n., ripe corn.
tanshyammaska,n., corn dough; dough,
tashaiyi, n., an island or isle; that

which is surrounded by something, as

land by water, as the wood of a handle
in the eye of an ax, by the iron of the
ax.

tashaya, a., slanting; applied to cut
ting off a tree when not cut square off.

tashke, particle of assertion of some
thing in remote past tense.

tashukpa,n., spunk; tinder; touchwood.

tashukpa holba, n., a sponge.

tabashi, see tabashL

tabbana, a., bent.

tabbana, v. n., to be bent; usldlumpa
yat tabbana, the blovvgun in bent.

tabbanachi, v. t., to bend; isht abban<ichi-
tuk, you bent it.

tabbannohah, pi. of tabbonah.

tabi, n., a cane; a staff; a crutch; a
walking stick or staff.

tabi, tambi, n., the termination of the
names of many men.

tabi isht bakaha, v. t. , to cane.

tabi isht isso, v. t., to cane.

tabikli, v. a. i., to limp.

tabikli, n,, a limper.

tabli, tapli, v. t. sing.; amo and taptuli,
pi.; to sever, Matt. 5: 30; to separate;
to cut off, Matt. 14: 10; 1 Sam. 2: 31;
Josh. 7: 9; to cut in two; to snap; to
snip; to sunder; to top; to break in
two; to clip; himonna tabli, to sever
once; to disjoint; tabli hosh isht anta,
clipping, employed in severing, etc.;
to dissever; to dock; hasimbish tabli.

tabli, n., a breaker.

tablichi, taplichi, v. t., to cause to sever;
to pluck, Luke 6:1.

tala, v. a.L, to stand; to set; to fix; ontala,
v. t., to ride; to sit on.

tala, pp., placed; set; ampo at tala, the
bowl is set or placed.

tala achafa, n., one set; a set.

talaboa, n., an anvil.

talaboli,n., a blacksmith's shop; a forge.

talahabli, n., a stirrup.

talahabli isht talakchi, n., a stirrup
strap or stirrup leather.

talashuahchi, tali ashuahchi, n., a
grindstone.

talatakali, n., an iron hook; an iron
hinge.

talalhpi, n. , an iron spoon.

talbansa, n., petrifaction.

talbal, n., a double- wove basket made
of the bark of cane.

344

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

talbasa, n., tne name of a fish,
talhkachi, pi. of tasliaiyi, an island;

yakni tashayi, pi. yakni talJikachi (yakni,

land).
talhko, n., dressed deerskin; buckskin;

leather.

talhko ikbi, v. t., to make talhko.
talhko ikbi, n., a talhko maker; a leather

dresser.
talhkochi, v. t., to dress skins; to dress

a deerskin.

talhpakha, 11., a prickly pear,
t ali, n., a stone; arock; iron; metal of all

kinds; a mineral; lapis, Matt. 7: 24;

16: 18; tali ?/<>», a stone, Matt. 7: 9;

Josh. 4: 3.

tali abila, n., a furnace; an iron fur
nace; tali abila ludk chinto hon, a fur
nace of fire, Matt. 13:42.
tali afohoma, n., a ferrule,
tali aholhponi, n., a cooking stove.
tali aholissochi, n., a slate.
tali aiasha, n., a mine.
tali akula, 11., a quarry,
tali ashuahchi, talashuahchi, n., a

grindstone.

tali bacha, n., a reef; a stone ridge,
tali bashli, n. , a stonecutter,
tali bita, n., a headpiece; a helmet,
tali boli, n., a blacksmith,
tali chanakbi, tali chinakbi, n., a hook;

an iron hook.

tali chanakbi isht halalli, v. t., to hook,
tali chanli, n., a stonecutter,
tali chanaha, n., an iron ring,
tali chiluk, n., a cave in a rock; a cav
ern in a rock; a hole in a rock; a chasm,

Josh. 10: 16; see hichukbi.
tali chiluk chito, n., a grot; a grotto,
tali chinakbi, tali chanakbi, n., an iron

hook; a staple.

tali chishaiyi, n., a claw hammer,
tali chito, n., a rock; a large stone,
tali chito foka, n., rockiness; a rocky

region.

tali chito isht talali, n., an anchor,
tali chosopa, n., an iron chain,
tali chufak, n., a pitchfork,
tali falakto, n., an iron fork,
tali fehna, n., cash; silver; coin; precious

metals; the very metal,
tali fobassa, tali fabassa, n., an iron

pin; an iron bolt; any slender round

piece of iron; wire.

tali fobassa honula, n., an iron spindle
belonging to a spinning wheel.

tali fobassa ikbi, v. t., to wiredraw.

tali fobassa isht akamassa, pp., bolt
ed; fastened with a bolt.

tali fobassa isht akamassalli, v. t., to
bolt; to fasten with a bolt.

tali fobassa isht attapachi, n., a rag
bolt.

tali fobassa isht takchi, v. t., to wire.

tali fohoma, n., an iron band; an iron
hoop.

tali foka, a., stony; rough; n., a stony
region.

tali haksi, n., an iron button; a metal
button.

tali haksi akamassa, n., a button hole.

tali haksi chiluk, n., a button hole.

tali haksi chufak, n., brass tacks.

tali haksi ikbi, n., a button maker.

tali haksi mitiffi, v. t. , to unbutton.

tali haksi nishkin, n., a button eye.

tali halasbi, n., marble.

tali halupa ontala tabi, n., a spear,
Josh. 8: 18.

tali hata, n., silver; white metal, Matt.
10: 9.

tali hata akkoli, v. t., to silver; to plate
with silver.

tali hata alhkoha, pp., silvered; silver
plated.

tali hata bita, n., a silver hatband.

tali hata chinakbi, n., a silver gorget in
the shape of a half moon.

tali hata ikbi, n., a silversmith.

tali hata isht akamassa, n., a silver
button.

tali hata isht akmi, n., borax, used in
soldering silver.

tali hata isht impa, n., a silver spoon.

tali hatikbi, n., a silversmith.

tali hochito, n. pi., large stones; rocks.

tali hochito foka, n., a rocky region.

tali hochito kaha, n., a ledge of rocks.

tali holihta, n., a stone wall; a wall.

tali holihta ikbi, v. t., to wall.

tali holihta ikbi, n., a waller.

tali holihta isht apakfobli, v. t., to
surround with a wall; to wall in.

tali holihta isht apakfopa, pp., walled.

tali holisso, n., coin; cash; money; sil
ver money; a dollar, Matt. 17: 24, 25, 27;
coinage; a bit; "iron writing" or
"metal writing"; specie; funds; re-

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

345

source; resources; silver; stock in

bank.

tali holisso, pp., coined,
tali holisso aboli, n. , a treasury; a bank,

Luke 19:23.

tali holisso ahnichi, a., covetous.
tali holisso aiakmo, n., a mint,
tali holisso aiakmo intala, tali ho
lisso aiakmo apistikeli, n., a mint

master.
tali holisso aialhto, n., a coffer; a

money purse, box, drawer, etc.
tali holisso aialhtofoki, v. t., to coffer,
tali holisso aiitahoba, n., receipt of

custom, Matt, 9:9.
tali holisso aiitannali, n., a custom

house; the receipt of custom,
tali holisso aiitola, n., a treasury,
tali holisso alhtoba, n., a disbursement

in money,
tali holisso ikbi, v. t., to make money;

to coin money.
tali holisso ikbi, n., one who makes

money; a coiner.

tali holisso imma, a., pecuniary; relat
ing to money.

tali holisso inlaua, a., moneyed,
tali holisso ishi, n., a treasurer,
tali holisso isht chuxnpa, n., purchase

money.
tali holisso isht ilawata, n., purse

pride,
tali holisso isht ilefehnachi, n., a.,

purse-pride and purse-proud,
tali holisso inshukcha, n., a money

purse.
tali holisso inshukcha foki, v. t., to

purse; to put into a money purse.
tali holisso itatoba, n., a money

changer, John 2: 15; a broker; a banker,
tali holisso itannali, v. t., to tax, Luke

2: 1.

tali holisso itannali, n., a tax gatherer,
tali holisso lakna, n., gold coin; gold;

copper, Matt. 2: 11; 10:9.
tali holisso lakna, a., gold; golden.
tali holisso lakna pilesa, n., a gold
smith.
tali holisso lakna tali holisso pokoli

aiilli, n., an eagle; a gold coin of the

value of ten dollars.
tali holisso tapuski, n., a bank bill;

paper money.
tali holisso weki, n., a talent.

tali holitompa, n., a pearl, Matt. 13: 45.

taliholiya, tali holuya, n., alum; borax.

tali hollo, tali hullo, n., a medal; a
faced metal.

tali humma, n., a ruby.

tali ikbi, v. t,, to petrify.

tali inla fehna, n., the magnetic needle.

tali immchi, n., a medal.

tali isuba kapali, n., bridle bits.

tali isht afacha, n., a hasp.

tali isht annni, n., a crowbar.

tali isht akamassa, n. , a metal button.

tali isht atta, n., a smith.

tali isht attapachi, n., a button; a hasp.

tali isht boa, n., an iron hammer; a
hammer.

tali isht boa, pp., stoned.

tali isht boa chito, n., a sledge.

tali isht boli, v. t., to stone, Josh. 7: 25.

tali isht bot abi, v. t., to stone.

tali isht fotoha, n., a drill.

tali isht halalli, n., a clevy or clevis.

tali isht hokofa, n., a cold chisel.

tali isht holihtachi, v. t., to stone; to
fence with stone; to wall.

tali isht holisso, n., a printed book.

tali isht holissochi, n., a pencil; a silver
pen.

tali isht kiseli, n., tongs; pincers; nip
pers.

tali isht lumpa, n., a punch.

tali isht minko, n., a medal for a chief.

tali isht patalhpo, pp., paved; spread
with iron or stone.

tali isht pala, n., an iron wedge.

tali isht talakchi, n., an iron button.

tali isht tana, n., a knitting needle.

tali isht tapa, n., a cold chisel; a chisel
for cutting iron.

tali isht weki, n., a poise; a weight used
with scales.

tali itachaka, tali itachakalli, n.,
welded iron.

tali itichanaha apakfoa, n., a cart tire;
a wagon tire; a tire for wheels.

tali ititakalli, n., an iron chain.

tali iyalhki, n., slag; dross.

tali iyi isht albi, n., fetters, Luke 8: 29.

tali kallo, n., steel; hard iron.

tali kallo atoba, a., steel; made of steel.

tali kallo achaka, pp., steeled.

tali kallo achukalli, v. t., to steel.

tali kassa, n., thimbles worn as orna
ments, so called from their tinkling.

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[BULL. 46

tali kolofa, n., a stump of iron; a plug

or remnant of iron.

tali kucha achafa, n., a broach of yarn,
tali lakna, n., brass; copper, Matt. 10: 9.
tali lakna ikbi. n., a coppersmith,
tali lakna isht alhkoha, pp., gilded or

plated with brass,
tali lakna isht alhkohachi, v. t. , to gild;

to plate with brass,
tali lap ali, pp., shod.
tali lapalichi, v. t., to shoe, as a horse,
tali laua, a., stony.
tali luak, n., a steel used in striking fire

from a flint.

tali luak tikeli, n., an andiron,
tali lumbo, n., a marble,
tali lusa, n., a mole; a spot or mark,

etc., on the human body,
tali patali, v. t., to pave,
tali patapo, tali patalhpo, n., a pave
ment.

tali patassa, n., a flatiron; a sad iron,
tali pata, n., a pavement,
tali pilefa, n., a rivet,
tali pilesa, 11., a smith.
tali poloma, n., a steel spring which is

doubled up.
tali poloma ushi, n., a small steel

spring.
tali shana, n., an iron screw; twisted

iron; a worm; the worm of a screw.
tali shana shunn, v. t., to unscrew,
tali shiloha, tali shilowa, n., small,

round bells used as ornaments on shoes,

etc., or garters.

tali shiloha chito, n., a sleigh bell,
tali shilunhachi, n., small, round bells,
tali shochukshoa, n., stone formed

from sand; sandstone.
tali shuti, n., a stone pot, John 2: 6.
tali tanakbi, n., an iron hook.
tali tanch afotoha, tali tanchi bololi,

n., a mill stone.

tali tapaski, 11., sheet iron; thin iron.
tali toba, v. a. L, to petrify; to become

stone.

tali toba, pp., petrified,
tali toba, n., a petrifaction,
tali ulhtikeli, n., an andiron.
tali uski, n., a poise; a weight.
talin yalhki, n., slag; the dross of metals,
taliko, see tiliko.
talissa, n., numbness.
talissa, a., numb.

talissa, tamissa, v. n., to be numb,
talissachi, tamissachi, v. t., to numb; to

render numb; to stun; ibbak tamissachi.
talkanchi; itontalkanchi, to lie on, Matt.

*24: 2; Luke 21 : 6.
talli, v. n., to be scattered about, like

grains of corn on an ear which is not

full.

talli, a., scattered about, but standing,
talloa, see taloa.

talua, taloa (q. v.), v. t.,v. a. i., tosing.
talukchi, n., a precious metal.
talukchi onchiya, taluk onchiya, n.,

an epaulet,
talukchi tah.chonch.iya, n., an epaulet,

the name in full.
talula, ii., a bell (a word in use among

the Sixtowns people),
taluli, v. t., fixed; located,
taluskula, n., a jevvsharp.
talushik, talunshik, talunshik, n.,

gravel; pebbles.

talushik patali, v. t., to gravel.
talushik patalhpo, pp., graveled,
talwa, pp., sung; hymned; seeta/oa.
tala, pp., whittled; pointed; hewed; iti

tila, hewed timber; talali, hewn, as

stone, Ex. 20: 25; isht talachi, a tool for

hewing stone, Ex. 20: 25.
talanhata, n., name of a bird,
talaka, see talako.

tan, v. t., to hew; to whittle; to point,
tali, n., a hewer,
talichi, v. t., to sharpen,
tamaha, n., a town; a village; a bor
ough; a city; Matt. 8: 33, 34; 9: 1;

11: 1, 20; ilap mtqmaJia, his own city,

Matt. 9:1; tamaha hash osli momat, the

whole town, Matt. 8: 34.
tamaha chito, n.,a great town; a city;

a capital.

tamaha hatak, n., a townsman.
tamaha holihta, n., a city, 1 Sam. 1:3;

'2 Sam. 24: 5, 7; Josh. 6: 3/11; 8:1,12,19.
tamaha wehpoa, pp., sacked.
tamaha wehpulli, v. t., to sack a town,
tamahichi, v. t., to benumb with cold,
tamahushi, n., a small town or village;

a hamlet; a villa, Matt. 14: 15.
tamanchi, v. a. i., to buffet.
tamissa, talissa, v. a. i., to be numb.
tamissachi, talissachi, v. t., to benumb;

to produce this sensation by a slight

blow.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

347

tammaha, v. t. pi., to strike with the
part of the hand next the wrist.

tammalichi, v. t. sing., to strike once
with the heel or the hand.

tammoli, pi. tr., to blind the eyes,
1 John 2: 11.

tamoa, v. a. i. pi., to wander; to go astray,
Matt. 18: 13; to perish, as the eyes; to
stray.

tamoa, pp., wandered; lost; gone astray,
' like sheep, Matt. 10: 6; 15:24.

tamoli, see tamoli.

tana, v. t., to knit; to weave; to plait;
to thrum; to wattle; atqnqchi, to weave
with, i. e., to weave together, Judges
16: 13; where the locks of Samson's
hair were to be woven with a web; see
ahokchichi, Matt. 13: 25, where tares are
sowrn with wheat-
tana, n., a knitter; a weaver.

tanaffo, tanaffo (q. v. ), v. t., to plait.

tanap, n., an enemy, Matt 5: 43, 44; a
'foe, Matt. 10: 36; 13: 25; Josh. 7:8; an
antagonist; an opponent; an army; in-
tqnqp imilayak, booty; a fiend; intqnqp
qla, to come over to the enemy; war;
warfare; a warrior; a war, 1 Kings 22:
1; 1 Chron. 22: 8.

tanap ahalaia, a., martial.

tanap anumpuli, n., a secretary of war.

tanap anumpuli aiasha, n., a war of
fice.

tanap anya, v. a. i., to go on a campaign,
Josh. 5: 4.

tanap anya, 11., a campaign; men of
war, Josh. 5:4; 8: 1.

tanap anya tikambi, a., war-beaten;
warworn.

tanap holba, a., warlike.

tanap holihta, n., a barricade; a pali-
sado.

tanap isht ashwanchi, v. t., to war.

tanap toba, v. a. i., to become an en
emy; itintqnqp toba, to become ene
mies to each other.

tanna, pp., wove; woven; knit; plaited;
knitted; wattled; linen tanna, 1 Sam.
2: 18.

tanna, n., that which is wove, knit, etc.;
texture; a web; a weft.

tannaffo, tannaffo, pp., plaited.

tannap, n., the opposite side; one side;
mislitgnnqp, the other side, Josh. 2:
10; viisha intqnnqp, the other side of it,

Matt. 8: 18, 28; intqnnqp, the other,
Matt. 5: 39; sachunkqsh intqnnqp at
yukpa, sachunkqsh intqnnqp at nukJtaflklo;
intqnnqp akinli hon chohmitok, like, as
the other.

tapa, v. a. i., to sever; to come apart.

tapa, pp., severed; parted; broken in.
two; clipped; disjointed; dissevered;
separated; topped; noshkobo tapa, be
headed; tqbli, v. t.

tapa, n., a break; a separation.

tapahe keyu, a., irresistible.

tapak, n., a basket.

tapintapi, n., a break; name of a weed
that grows in wret places.

tapishuk, tapishik, for tqppakushi,
a smaller basket than the tqpak.

tapli, see tqbli.

taplichi, see tqbllchi.

taptua, v. a. i. pi., to come apart; to
separate; to sever.

taptua, pp., parted; severed; separated;
cropped.

taptua, n., a separation.

taptuli, v. t. pi., to sever; to separate;
to crop; to nip off, Josh. 5: 2, 3, 4.

tashiha, v. a. i., to have corners, or
sharp edges, or ridges, as a rail, a hand
iron, etc.

tashioha, pi. of above.

tashka, n., a warrior; a subject; a polit
ical dependent or adherent, male or
female; a constituent; a yeoman.

tashka aliha, n., the yeomanry.

tashka chipota, n., a soldier; a regular;
an army; a host; infantry; the mili
tary; militia; a private; hosts, 2 Sam.
24: 2, 4; soldiery; a train band; a
troop; tashka chipota qleha,, soldiers,
Matt. 8:' 9.

tashka chipota aheli, n , a post; a mili-
, tary post.

tashka chipota aiasha, n., a canton
ment; a barrack; a garrison.

tashka chipota aiasha ashachi, v. t.,
to garrison.

tashka chipota hollitina, n., a regi
ment,

tashka chipota inchuka, n., a canton
ment; a barrack; soldiers' quarters.

tashka chipota isht shema, n., regi
mentals; military ornaments; uni
form.

348

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

tashka chipota itannaha, n., pp.,
paraded.

tashka chipota itannali, v. t., to
muster; to parade.

tashka chipota minka, n., a fellow-sol
dier.

tashka chipota peni ansha, n., a ma
rine; marines.

tashka chipota talepa hanali, n., a
cohort.

tashka chipota ushta, n., a quaternion;
four soldiers.

tashka chuka, tashka chukka, n., a
bone-house; an ossuary; a charnel
house, used in ancient times to lay
away boxes containing the bones of the
dead.

tashka panya, v. a. i., to wrhoop at the
grave when the poles are pulled to
drive away ghosts, etc.

tashka panya, n. , the death whoop.

tashka sepokni, n., a veteran soldier; a
veteran.

tashki, v. a. i., to lie down; to recline,
1 Sam. 3: 3, 5, 6; Josh. 2: 8.

tashki, a., recumbent.

tashkichi, v. t., to lay down; to cause
to lie down.

te, a nearly obsolete conj., used by old-
fashioned speakers, the same as t', ai-
ahnite, instead of aiahnit, etc.

tebli, tepli, tibli (q. v. ),v. t., to touch,
Matt. 17: 7; tepoa, pi.

teha, tiha, pp., plucked up; pulled up;
tanchiat tiha, panshi at tiha, onushat tiha;
tihat taha, extirpated; rooted up, Matt.
15: 13.

teha, v. a. i., to come up by the roots.

tek, n., a female.

tek, a., female; she, as a she-bear (nita
tek}.

tekchi, n., a wife; a consort; a woman
who is united to a man in the lawful
bonds of matrimony, Matt. 5: 31; 8: 14;
14: 3.

tekchi, v. a. i., to be a wife; mihma ita-
tuklot tekchit oklatok, 1 Sam. 25: 43;
Gen. 34: 8.

tekchi iksho, n., a bachelor; a single
man.

tekchi illi, n., a widower.

tekchi inlaua, n., polygamy.

tekhanto, n., a large wasp called a mud-
dauber.

telihpa, n., a shield, 1 Kings 10: 16. See
tilikpi (hymn 67, 4th verse).

teli, v. t. pi., to pull up; to pluck up; to
extirpate.

teli, n., one who pulls up; a plucker.

tema, v. a. i., to strut, as a turkey cock.

tepa, sing., hotepa, pi., v. a. i., go ye
ahead; start on.

tepli, see tebli.

tepoa, pp. pi., overhauled; tiapa, sing.

tepuli, v. t. pi., to overhaul; to take out,
as itombi an tepuli, to look over the
things in a trunk; tiabli, sing.

tepuli, n., one who overhauls.

ti (Eng. ), n., tea.

ti ahoni, n., a teapot.

ti aialhto, n., a tea canister.

ti isht ishko, n., a teacup.

tiak, n., pine; lightwood; pine wood; a
turpentine tree.

tiak fanya, n., longleaf pine.

tiak foka, n., a piny region; piny.

tiak foka, a., piny.

tiak hobak, n., yellow pine.

tiak inpalammi, n., the name of a weed
used by some Choetaw as a remedy for
the bite of venomous serpents.

tiak insinti, n., the "diamond" rattle
snake.

tiak isht pala, n., an iron wedge; any
instrument used in splitting pine wood.

tiak isht shima, n., a frowerusedin split
ting pine; where pine is the most com
mon timber used in making shingles
tiak isht shima is used.

tiak nia, n., tar; turpentine.

tiak nia ahama, pp., tarred.

tiak nia ahammi, v. t. , to tar.

tiak nia atoba, n., a tar kiln.

tiak nia bano, a., tarry.

tiak nia kallo, n., rosin; pitch; shoe
maker's wax.

tiak nia lua, n., pitch.

tiak pinkshi, n., a pine knot.

tiak shima, n., a pine shingle; a pine
board rived; riven pine.

tiak shoboli tulak, n., lampblack.

tiak shua, n., snake root.

tiak ushi, n., young pine.

tiapa, v. a. i., to scatter, Josh. 6: 5; to
separate; to break down; to disperse;
oklat tiapa, the people scatter; itatiapa,
John 7: 53; tepla, pi.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

349

tiapa, pp., broken down; scattered; over
hauled; razed; ruined; stirred; oklat
tiapa, the people are dispersed, see 1
Sam. 3: 1, open; mall fehna na chuka
yat tiapat taha; tiabli, v. t.

tiapa, n., a dispersion; a breaking
down.

tiabli, v. t., to break down; to throw
open; to scatter; to overhaul; to raze;
to ruin; to unpack; to unroof ; to open,
Matt. 2: 11; itatiabli, to stir; to agitate;
to divide; aboha yan tiabli; na bonunta
isfitiabli na; holihta yan tiabli; itiablit
lioyo, v. t.,to rummage; pass, tiapa.

tiabli t pisa, v. t., to ransack; to rum
mage.

tiapakachi, pp. pi., scattered; broken
down; dispersed.

tibafa, v. a. i., to cave in, as sakti at
tibafa oka atibafah.

tibafa, pp., caved in; tibali, pi.

tibaffi, v. t., to make the ground cave in;
tibalichi, pi.

tiballi, v. a. i., to glance off; to hit and
glance off; to hit and fly off sideways;
naki at tiballi, iskifa yat tiballi; iyi at
tiballi, to slip up or off.

tibikshi, a., round and large, applied to
hard lumps formed in the flesh; see 1
Kings 7: 20, 41, 42 (where it is kibikshi).

tibikshi, n., a knob or knot.

tibikshi, see kibikshi.

tibinllichi, v. t., to cause to hit and
glance, or fly off sideways.

tibli, v. t., to touch; see tebli.

tinfa, v. a. i. sing., to come up by the
roots; teha, pi.

tinfa, pp., pulled up; plucked up.

tinfi, v. t., to pull out or up; to pluck, as
haii/ukpulo an tinfi; hoshinchi an tinfi.

tiha, see telia.

tikabi, v. a. i., to flag; to tire; to lan
guish; satikabi, I am tired; tikambi, to
fade; to faint; to wear.

tikabi, a., pp., tired; weary; exhausted;
weakened, as by sickness; debilitated;
enervated; faint; Matt. 15: 32; fatigued;
harassed; faded; languid; overdone;
tiresome; weakened; worried; tikambi,
pp., tikambi, a., dull; enervate; feeble;
frail; weak; weary; iktikambo, a., un
wearied; tikambalie keyii, a., untirable.

tikabi, v. n., to be tired, weary, etc.; de
bilitated; tikambi, to be dull.

tikabi, n., weariness; fatigue; languor;
lassitude; tikambi, n., weakness; a
weariness.

tikabichi, v. t., to tire; to weary; to
jade; tospend; to worry; iletikabichi, to
weary himself; tikambichi. v. t., to dull;
to enervate; to fatigue; to harass; to
macerate; to weaken; to wear, as an ax
or millstone; to weary, Josh. 7: 3; iskifa
issantikambichi, you have dulled my ax.

tikachi, v. a. i., to chick; to click.

tikafa, v. a. i., to shed the hair; to molt,
as fowls.

tikaffi, v. t., to pick off the hair; see
tikafa.

tikba, n., the van; an ancestor; pintikba,
our fathers, John 4: 20; the face; the
first begot; the foreside; the head; the
original.

tikba, a., forward; precedent; primary;
itikba, before; shuka itikba, Matt. 7: 6;
Josh. 3: 6; in the sight of, Josh. 3: 7, 14.

tikba, adv., in front; ahead; first; forth;
forward; prep., before; tikba ayali, I
go along ahead; itikba, before the face
of, Luke 2: 31; before him, her, or it;
intikba, before him, Matt. 5: 12, and chi-
tikba, satikba; intikba liaksliup, his fore
skin.

tikba, v. n., to be ahead.

tinkba, adv. , prep. , distinctive, first, Matt.
12: 29 ; John 1: 30, 41 ; formerly ; an
ciently; before time; aforetime; before;
former; heretofore, 1 Sam. 4: 7; Matt.
5: 24; first, Matt. 13: 30; 14: 22; 17: 10;
Josh. 3: 4; 8: 33.

tinkba, a., former; prior; antecedent;
first; firstborn; fore; original; aborigi
nal; previous.

tinkba, v. n., to be former; to be prior;
to be hereafter, or first hereafter.

tikba anoli, v. t., to forbode; to foretell.

tikba apesa, v. t., to preconcert; to fore
judge.

tikba atali, v. t., to prefix.

tikba atokuli, v. t., to forechoose; to
foreordain.

tikba anya, tikbanya, v. t., to perambu
late; to precede.

tikba alhpisa, pp., preconcerted.

tikba alhtuka, pp., forechosen.

tikba annoa, pp., forewarned.

tikba atta, v. a. i., to be born the first,

tikba atta, 11., the firstborn,

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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

LBULL.46

tikba chafichi, v. a. L, v. t., to protrude.

tikba chumpat aiishi, v. t., to forestall.

tikba fehna anya, a., foremost.

tikba heka, v. a. i., to guide; to conduct;
to lead.

tikba heka, n., a leader; a guide; a pilot;
a conductor; a guider.

tikba hilechi, v. t., to prefix.

tikba holhtina, pp. , forechosen.

tikba hotina, v. t., to forechoose.

tikba kali, v. t., to put or place before,
as in putting wood to the fire; tikba
kalipuli, pi.

tinkba okla, n., the aboriginal inhabit
ants; the aboriginal people.

tikba pisa, v. a. i., to scout; also n., a
scout.

tikba pisa, v. t., to foresee; to forecast.

tikba tobli, v. t., to protrude.

tinkbaha, adv., formerly; previously; at
a previous time.

tikbaiachi, see tikbiachi.

tikbali adv., beforehand; in advance;
forward; tikbali fallokachi, to go back
ward and forward in advance; tikbali
aioimtta, to hunt beforehand, or in
advance; tikbanli, 11. form, being in ad
vance; along before; a., early, Matt. 11:
10.

tikbali, v. 11., to be beforehand; "to pre
vent" , Matt. 17:25; tikbalichi, tikbalint,
contraction of tikbalinchit.

tikbama, adv., heretofore.

tikbanli anoli n., a diviner; a prog-
nosticator; a predictor; a prophesier;
a soothsayer; nana tikbanli anoli, n.,
prophecy.

tikbanli anoli anumpa, 11., a predic
tion; a prophecy.

tikbanli apesa, v. t., to predetermine; to
predestinate.

tikbanli ikhana, n., prescience; fore
knowledge.

tikbanli imanoli, v. t., to forewarn.

tikbanli imanukfila, n., a prejudgment;
prejudice.

tikbanli inmiha, v. t., topremonish; to
precaution; to instruct before, Matt.
14: 8.

tikbanli ishi, v. t., to preoccupy; to pre
possess.

tikbanlit anoli, v. t., to divine; to fore
tell; to predict; to prognosticate; to
prophesy.

tikbanlit anukfilli, v. t., to prejudge; to
premeditate.

tikbanlit ithana, v. t., to foreknow.

tikbanlit ithana, n., foreknowledge.

tikbanlit pisa, v. t., to foresee.

tikbanlit pisa, a., prospective.

tikbashalika, v. a. i., to be first and
quickly; to get ready soon.

tikbanya, tikba anya, n., a harbinger;
a forerunner; a precursor.

tikbanya, a., headmost.

tikbanya binikbi, n., a pioneer.

tikbiachi, tikbaiachi, v. t., to impel; to
cause to go forward.

tikbichi, v. t., to fix up a fire or to put
the burnt sticks up together; luak tik
bichi.

tikeli, v. a. i., to press; to press against;
to reach or to touch, as the ends of a
stick when lying in a horizontal posi
tion, as a round in a ladder; tikinli, nas.
form, pitikinli, Luke 5: 8; atikeli, 2 Sam.
14: 30, 32; tikoli, pi., itattekili, to put
endwise together fora fire, as the Choc-
taw do outdoors; iti ititekili, pi., rafters,
iti ititikeli, sing., a rafter.

tikeli, n., tikoli, pi., a prop; a buttress;
a support; a brace used in the frame of
a building; a wooden tenter; a shore;
a slat; a stay; stays; a support; a
supporter.

tikeli, pp. , stretched, as a skin when hung
up to dry; propped; racked; scotched;
shored; isi hakshup tikeli, a deer skin
stretched on cane and hung up; tikoli,
pi.

tikelichi, v. t., to stretch; to hang on
tenters; to prop; to rack; to scotch; to
shore; haksobish tikelichi hosh haslihaklo-
kat Matt. 10: 27; itatikelichi, to cause to
touch each other. Gen. 50: 1; tikolichi,p\.

tikilbi, see tilikpi.

tinkliha, v. i., to growl, as a cross dog.

tinklish, 11., the brisket of an ox.

tikoinsha, takoinsha, tokoinsha, n., a
willow.

tikoinsha naksish falaia, n., a weeping
willow.

tikpi, n., a bulb; a swell, as a cypress
knee or bulb; a bend in a water course.

tikshaneli, n., a dictionary; a lexicon.

tinkti, n., a large red-headed wood
pecker.

tinktinkachi, v. a. i., to twang.

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

351

tiktikechi, v. t., to spot.

tiktiki, a., spotted; having small spots.

tiktiki, v. n., to be spotted with small
spots.

tiliko, taliko, n., wheat (a Chickasaw
word).

tiliko bota, n., wheat flour.

tiliko palaska, n., wheat bread.

tiliko palaska iskatini, n., a biscuit;
a wheat cake.

tilikpi, a., blunt; dull (as an old ax).

tilikpi, tikilbi, telihpa, n., an ancient
kind of shield, made of stiff hide of a
co\v, or of an alligator, and tied to the
body; a target. This word was not
generally known in 1854. See 1 Kings
10, 17; telihpa is the modern word,
while tilikpi is the old word.

tilofa, a., pp., broken off; abridged;
short; laconic; anumpa tilofa, a short
talk or speech; iti tilofa, a stump.

tilofa, v. n., to be short.

tilofa, v. a. L, to break, 1 Sam. 4: 18.

tilofasi, a., shortish; short; brief; suc
cinct; the diminutive of tilofa; anumpa
tilofasi kia chiaiokpachelachi hoke.

tiloffi, v. t., to break short off; bashpushi
an tiloffi, to break the blade of a pen
knife; notian tiloffi, to break off a tooth;
noil an bolit tiloffi, to strike and break off
a tooth.

tiloha, a., pp., pi., short; broken off;
abridged; ititiloha; anumpa tiloha; noti
tiloha.

tiloha, v. n., to be short.

tilokachi, a. pi., loose and standing up
(not hanging down), and so as to bend
or swing backwards and forwards, as
at a joint or as the broken limb of a
tree; ibbak tilokacld, the wrist joint.

tilokachi, v. n. pi., to be loose, so as to
swing; iti at tilokachi.

tilokachi, n., a joint; ibbak tilokacJd,
wrist joint; ibbak ushi tilokacJd.

tiloli, v. t., v. a. i., pi., to break off short;
noti at tiloli.

tilolichi, v. t., to break them off, Matt.
12: 20, (reeds).

tilukachi, v. a. i., to say tiluk, the noise
when anything hard is broken off, equal
to saying tilofa, and used in speaking of
a joint snake when broken in two.

tila, n., a mark.

tila, pp., marked; hewed; bla/od, as a
tree.

tilaya, v. a. i. dual and pi., to run; to
flee; tilaJia^ya, pi., 2 Sam. 15: 1, falamat
keJiotilaija.

tilaya, n., runners.

tilaya, pp., driven out.

tilayachi, v. t. to run.

tilefa, pp., squeezed; Jiich! at tilefa.

tileli, v. t. pi., to drive out, Matt. 14: 35;
Josh. 3: 10; 13: 6, 13; to expel; to send,

• Matt. 2: 8; 10: 16; 11: 2; 13: 36; 14:
15, 35; Mark 11:1; to make them run;
to run; to drive, 2 Kings; 9: 21; to send,
Josh. 7: 2, 22; 8:3; a^shat tileli, to send
from, John 1: 19; tilihinli, freq. ; tilit,
contracted form.

tileli, 11., driving, tileli kat, the driving,
2 K. 9: 20.

tilelichi, v. t., to cause to go, Gen. 45:
24.

tili, v. t,, to blaze; to mark a tree; to
hew; to whittle.

tili, n., a marker.

tilichi, v. t., to sharpen a stick by cut
ting; to bring to a point; to sharpen
wood with an edge tool; to whittle.

tiliffi, v. t., to squeeze with the fingers;
It icli i an tiliffi.

tilit hobachit ikbi, v. t., to sculpture.

tiloa, pp., pi., squeezed.

tiloli, v. t. pi., to squeeze.

timihachi, v. a. i., to hum; to buzz, as
bees; Joe bilisltke at timihachi.

timihachi, n., a buzzing; a stir.

timikachi, v. a. i., of the beating of a
drum; to sound, as a drum; alepa yat
timikahanchi na haklot ayali, I heard the
beating of a drum as 1 came along.

timikli, v. a. i., to beat; to throb; to
palpitate; chunkash at timikli.

timikmekli, timikmikli, v. a. i., to
beat, as the heart.

timikmeli, timikteli, v. a. i., to beat
quick; to throb; to pulsate; sachunkash
at timikteli, my heart beats hard; timik-
tinli, n. f.

timikteli, pp., thumping, fluttering.

timpi, n., the shoulder or swell of a bot
tle near the neck.

tipelichi, v. t. sing., to strike; to smite
with the hand, fist, or a stick, but to
strike something soft, as a bed or the
flesh; ikkishi akon tipelichi, topa han ti-

352

BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pelichi; when anything hard is struck
say sakalichi.

tipinha, v. t. pi., to strike any soft sub
stance.

tipinha, n., a striker.

Tisimba, n., December.

tisheli, v. a. i. pi., to scatter; to dis
perse; to retire; to rise, as a court;
oklat tisheli.

tishelichi, v. t. pi., to send away, Matt.
14:22; 15:32, 39.

tishepa, a., v. n., scarlet; fiery red,
Josh. 2: 18; n., scarlet.

tishi homi, hishi homi (q. v. ), n., pep
per.

tishi homi aialhto, n., a pepper box;
a pepper bag.

tishi homi humma, n., red pepper;
Guiana pepper; Cayenne pepper; cap
sicum.

tishi homi lusa, n., black pepper.

tishi humma, n., red paint; vermilion;
rouge; tishi humma isht ilanchali, he
paints himself with vermilion.

tishihachi, v. a. i., to sputter.

tinshkila, n., a jay; a blue jay.

tishu,n.,a waiter; a servant, Josh. 1: 1;
a man servant; one who attends a chief
to light his pipe, make his fire, etc. ;
intishu, an escort; a groom; a lackey;
a page; a servitor; a valet; an eunuch;
a chamberlain, 2 Kings, 9: 32; antishu,
my servant, Matt. 8: 6, 8; 10: 25; 13: 27.

tiwa, tua, v. a. i., to open; to burst
open.

tiwa, tua, pp., opened, Matt. 7: 7;
unlocked; unfolded; unsealed; un
stopped, Luke 3: 21 ; Matt. 3: 16; Josh.
8: 17; open, John 1: 51; ikthco, a., un
opened.

tiwakachi, int. pi., to stir, or to be in
commotion.

tiwalichi, v. t., to stir up, as coffee
while boiling, with a spoon.

tiwi, tuwi, v. t., to open; to unlock,
Matt. 6: 19, 20.

tiwichi, tuwichi, v. t., to cause to open,
Matt. 2: 11.

to, adv. in qinqlla at qm'dii to!, are my chil
dren dead? meaning that he had no
knowledge of it, but, having heard so,
makes the inquiry. This refers to a re
mote past time, and should not have a
t suffixed to the verb it joins, as illi to.

toba, v. a. i., to make; to rise; to arise;
tobqt kocha, to form and come out,
Matt. 8: 24; 13: 26; to be born, John
1: 13; to be made; to become, Matt.
13:32; to be, Matt. 5: 32; to come; tomba,
intensive; na hollo ishtoba, you have be
come or you are a \vhite man; tohumba
freq. form, John 1: 12; aba anumpuli
toba, to become a Christian; achukma
toba, kqllo toba, nuna toba; atoba, born
of, Matt. 11: 11; to proceed out of,
Matt. 15: 19.

toba,n., creation; a fabrication; a make;
workmanship.

toba, a., step, as ishketoba,a, stepmother.

toba, v. i., to be able; as hikikia toba, able
to walk about; ititoba, to become each
others, i.e., to exchange; itatoba (from
iti reciprocal, a locative, and toba}, v.
t., to trade.

toba, pp., created; made; fabricated;
formed; generated; raised; wrought;
iktobo, a., unmade; isht atoba, by whom
made, Matt. 18: 7.

tobachi, v. a. i., to ripen; shukshi at to
bachi, the watermelon is getting ripe;
luak an ont tobachi, go and make the fire
blaze.

tobachi, v. t., to create; to make; to
beget; atobachi, to beget of or by, Matt.
1:2; Tama yon atobachi, Matt. 1: 3.

tobahchih, v. a. i., to make a noise by
beating on a house.

tobaksakula, n., a fossil coal pit; a coal
mine.

tobaksatoba, toboksi atoba, n., a coal
pit,

tobaksi, n., a coal; a fire coal; coal.

tobaksi ikbi, v. t., to make coal; to coal.

tobaksi ikbi, n., a collier.

tobaksi inchuka, n., a coal house.

tobaksi kulli, n., a collier; a coal digger.

tobaksi lusa ohmi, n., coal-black.

tobaksi mosholi, n., charcoal.

tobbona, a., bent over; stooping; bowed
down; cnrvated.

tobbona, v. n., to be bent over; Hi at
toftborid, the tree is bent over; kqto at
tobbona, the cat is humped up.

tobbona, n., a curve.

tobbonachi, v. t., to curve; to make
crooked.

tobbonali, v. t., to bend; uxkian tobbonali.

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

353

tobbonnoa, tobbonoha, v. n., to be
crooked; uski at tobbonoha; kqto at tob-
bonoa, curved, as an angry cat.
tobbonoa, tobbonoha, a. pi., crooked;

bent.
tobbonoli, v. t. pi., to bend; itipu-

shi an tobbonoli, to bend the saplings.
tobe hollo, n., a pea; peas,
tobe isht abela, n., a bean pole,
tobela, v. a. i., to be well on fire,
tobi, tubi, n., a bean; beans.
tobi abela, n. , pole beans,
tobihikint ani, n., bush beans; bunch

beans.

tobi uski atuya, n., pole beans.
tobi uski oiya, n., pole beans.
tobli, v. t., to push; to press against; to
hunch; to jog; to jostle; to propel; to
resist; to shove; to thrust; ititobli, to
push each other; peni itintoblit isht anya,
they pushed the boat along together;
shunkaniisht tobli, to hunch; tombli, nas.
form; tohombli, freq. form; toyubli, pro.
form.

tobli, n., a pusher; a jogger; a thruster.
tobli, n., a push; a hunch; a jog; a

shove; a thrust.

tobli aba isht ia, v. t., to boost.
toblichi, v. t., to cause to push; iti

chanalli toblichi.
tobohachi, v. a. i., to roar,
tobokachi, v. a. i., to gurgle.
toboksi atoba, see tobaksatoba.
tobosinli, v. a. i., to close one eye.
toboshakchi, n., a log of wood.
tobunlli, v. a. i., to boil up, as water, in

a spring; tobohonli, freq.
tobulli, pp., roiled,
tobulli, a., roily,
tobullichi, v. t., to cause water to boil

up; to roil,
toff a, v. n., to be summer; tonfa, being

still summer,
toffa, tofa, n., summer; the summer

season.

toffa ant a na lopulli, v. a. i., to sum
mer.

toff ah iklanna, n., midsummer.
toffahpi, n., spring; the first part of

summer; the vernal season.
toffahpi, a., vernal,
toffokoli, a., faded; dim.
toffokoli, v. n., to be dim or faded.
S4:i:J9°— Bull. 46 — 15 23

toh, a particle in recent past cense;
ishlatoh? have you just come? See to,
or rather hatoxh, from hat and osh.
toh, n., the report of a gun.
toh, adverbial, mfakoh toh/ is he a chief

and does so?
tohbi, a., white; light; hoar; hoary,

Matt. 17: 2.
tohbi, v. n., to be white, or light; tohmbi,

nas. form.

tohbi, n., whiteness; hoariness.
tohbi, pp., whitened; bleached; blanched;

made wThite; tohmbi, nas. form.
tohbi chohmi, a., whitish.
tohbichi, v. t., to whiten; to bleach; to
blanch; to paint white; to make white,
Matt. 5: 36.

tohbichi, n., a whitener.
tohbit ia, v. a. i., to whiten,
tohbit taha, pp., whitened,
tohchalali, a., bright; clear,
tohchalali, v. n., to be bright or clear,
tohchalli, Ch. Sp. Book, p. 44.
tohchali, v. a. i., to scintillate.
tohe,n., cabbage.

tohkasakli, v. a. i., to shine dimly; to
give a dim light, as a lightning bug; to
flash,
tohkasakli, n., a flash; a glimmer; a

glimmering,
tohkasali, a., bright.
tohkasali, v. n., to be bright,
tohkasalichi, v. t., to brighten; to

make bright,
tohkasli, a., brilliant,
tohkasli, v. n., to be brilliant,
tohkaslichi, v. t., to render brilliant,
tohkil, n., the sensitive plant,
tohkilet pisa, v. a. i., to squint,
tohmali, v. a. i. pi., to shine with a

feeble light; to shine quick; to flash,
tohmasakli, v. a. i., to shine dimly; to
give a dim light, as a glow worm, or as
fire that is seen at a distance in the
woods,
tohrnasaklichi, v. t., to cause to shine

dimly.

tohmasali, v. a. i. , to give a small bright
light, as a candle when at a distance;
to shine feebly; to glimmer.
tohmasalichi, v. t, to cause to shine
feebly.

354

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

I BULL. 46

tohmasli, v. a. i., to flash, as lightning; to
give a quick flash of light; hashukmalli
at tohmasli.

tohmaslichi, v. t., to cause to flash.

tohno, tonho, v. t., to hire; to engage;
to instigate; to incite; to send, Matt.
14: 35; John 4: 38; to employ; to fee;
to procure by hiring; to warrant.

tohno, n., a hirer; an employer.

tohnochi, n., a stirrer.

tohnochi, tonhochi, v. t., to hire; to set
on.

tohnochi, n., an instigator.

tohno t hochifo, v. t., to enlist.

tohpakali, a., dull.

tohpoioii, n., a spark.

tohto, n., a red elm.

tohwali, n., an opening; the firmament;
a glade.

tohwekikli, n., a flash of light; a
glimpse.

tohwikekli, see tohwikikli.

tohwikeli, v. a. i., v. t., to shine; to give
light; to gleam; to glimmer; to have
light, Matt. 6: 22; to light; to lighten;
to radiate; luak at tohwikeli; pala yat toh
wikeli

tohwikeli, pp., illuminated.

tohwikeli, a., lightsome, luminous; re
fulgent; shiny.

tohwikeli, n., light; a glimmering; a
luminary; a shining, Matt. 5: 14; 6: 23.

tohwikeli, pp., enlightened; lighted.

tohwikelichi, n., an illuminator.

tohwikelichi, n., an illumination.

tohwikelichi, v. t., to cause daylight; to
lighten; to give light; to enlighten; to
illume; illumine; to illuminate; to ra
diate.

tohwiket minti, n., daybreak; daylight;
aurora.

tohwikikli, tohwikekli, n. pi., flashes
of light.

tohyuali, n., an opening or light seen in
the woods through trees.

tohyualichi,v. t., to cause light.

tok, tqgn of the remote past tense; was;
did; have; had; has been; ikpesotok,
ikluikfatok, Matt. 13: 17; Letti at ok, 1
KingH 11:13; tokatok, " had," Josh. 17:
10, k final has a demonstrative power
in marking past time in tok at, tok mat,
etc. Compounds: toka, tukashkia,
Matt. 13: I2~tokakinli — tokakkia—tok-

akon — tokakocha — tokakokia — tokak-
ono — tokakosh — tokakot — tokano — tok-
ato — tokano — tokat — tokbe — tokheno —
tokhet — tokheto — lokkia — tokma — tokmak-
o — tokmakosh— tok memo — tokmat — tok-
mato — toko — tokocha — tokoka — tokok-
ano — tokokat, tukokat, potoli tukokat,
they who touched, Matt. 14: 36— tok-
okato — tokoke — tokokia — tokokma — tok-
okmano — tokokmat — tokokmato — tok-
ona — tokosh — tokot.

tokali, tukali, pp. pi., fired off; dis
charged.

tokali, tukali, v. a.i. pi., to go off; to
shoot; to fire.

tokalichi, tukalichi, v. t., to fire; to
discharge; to cause to fire.

tokam, n., name of a tree used in mak
ing the pommel and forepart of saddles.

tokba, adv., very; very much; extremely;
greatly; sabanna tokba, I wrant it very
much; okpulo tokba, extremely bad.

tokofa, v. a. i., to fall, as the palate into
the throat.

tokon, v. a. i., to shed hair; iletokufi, he
sheds his hair.

tokoinsha, see tikofasJia.

tokok, adv., probably; it may be; it
might be; kanima minti hatokok; tokoke',
impa tokoke.

tokomi,tukohmi, adv., improbably; un
likely.

[toksakinla, n., the snowbird (Six-
towns dialect).— H. S. H.]

toksalechi, v. t., to work; to cause to
work; to employ in work; to employ;
to exercise; to task; wok an toksalechi,
hatak an toksalechi.

tonksalechi, n., a taskmaster.

toksali, v. a. i., to work; to labor, Matt.
6: 28; 11: 28; to hammer; to ply; to
till; to toil; na hollo intoksali, he wrorks
for a white man; iktoksalo, not to work;
to idle; a., idle; indolent ;toksanli, n. f.,
atoksali, v. t., to cultivate; to work it, or
there; toksahanli, freq. form; ikaloksalo,
a., uncultivated; ilmtoksali, to cooperate;
to work with; iktokmlo, n., idleness;
intoksali, to work for him; itintoksali,
to work for each other.

toksalif n., a laborer; a worker; work; a
domestic; a help; a helper; a jobber.

tonksali, n., work; exercise; fatigue; a
job; labor; toil; working.

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

toksali alhpisa, n., a task.

toksali fehna, v. a. i., to drudge; to

work hard.

toksali fehna, a., laborious.
toksali fehna, n., a drudge.
tonksali imponna, n., an artisan; an

artist; a workman; a wright.
tokumpa, a. , large and round, like a hill,
tokumpa, a., being without a point,

tail, or rump; aka^k tokumpa, a hen that

has no tail,
tokumpa, v. n., to be without a point,

tail, etc.
tola (see itula or itola), n., used with the

dative pro., intola; okliissa intola, its

foundation, 1 Sam. 5:4, 5.
toll, v. t., to play ball; itibatoli, they

play ball together; itintoli, they play

ball against each other,
toli, n., a player; one who plays ball,
tolupli, tolubli, sing., tulli, pi., v. a. i.,

to leap; to bounce; to bound; to vault;

to skip; to jump; to rebound; to spring;

to dodge; to hop; alia yat tolupli, isi

at toltipli, towa yat tolupli.
tolupli, n., a jumper; a leaper.
tolupli, a., salient; bounding.
tolupli, n., a bound; a leap; a jump; a

hop; a skip; a spring,
toluplichi, v. t., to cause to leap, jump,

bound, etc.

toluplit wakaya, v. a. i., to vault.
toluski,a. sing., short, thick, and round;

shukha toluski, isuba tolaski, sakti toluski.
toluski, v. n., to be short, thick, and

round,
toluskichi, v. t., to make short, thick,

and round.

tolusli, a. pi., short, thick, and round,
tolusli, v. n., to be short, thick, and

round.
tomafa, pp., completed; the whole

being taken; tomaffi, v. t.
tomalusi, tomalisi, adv., close by; very

near but this way of it; chuka tomalisi,

ola tomalusi.
tomaffi, v. t., to complete; to take the

whole.

tomaffi, tamaffi, 11., one wrho com
pletes or takes all; pi. tomoli or tamoli,

see Gen. 9: 15, to destroy all.
tomba, adv., very; nowa tomba, he

walks very well.

tombi, tomi, tommi, v. a. i., to shine,

as the sun, not as a fire or a candle; to

radiate; to reflect the rays of the sun;

hashi at siontomi, the sun shines on me;

apisa yat siontomi, the glass shines on me;

ikatommi, let it there shine, Matt. 5: 16.
tombi, tomi, tommi, n., a ray of light;

a sunbeam; sunshine; a ray, Matt.

17: 2.

tombi, a., radiant,
tombichechi, v. t., to cause to shine; Chi-

howa yat tombichechi (or tombichi} , Je
hovah causes it to shine.
tombichi, tomichi, v. t., to cause to

shine; to radiate,
tombushi, n., prickly heat; tombushi sabi,

I have the prickly heat,
tomi, tommi, see tombi.
tonho, tohiio, v. t., to have; to employ;

to engage.

tonhochi, tohnochi, v. t., to hire; to in
stigate; to set on.

toni, n., name of a small wild animal,
tonla, v. a. i., to lie; to lie down; intonla,

to lie by him.
tonnik, tonnink, tonink, tonik, n., a

post; a pillar, such as sustain the roof

of a piazza; a stock, 1 Sam. 1: 9; 2: 8;

1 Kings 7: 3.
tonnoli, v. a. i. pi., to roll over, as a log;

to tumble; to twirl,
tonnoli, pp., rolled over,
tonnolichi, v. t. pi., to roll them over, as

a ball or a log; to tumble; to turn; to

twirl,
tonokbi, tanakbi (q. v.), a., bent;

crooked, as an oxbow; ititonokbi, an

oxbow; ititonokbi katima anshaf where

are the oxbows?

tonokbi, v. n., to be bent; to be crooked,
tonokbichi, v. t., to bend; to crook; to

make crooked.
tononoli, a freq. v. a. i., to squirm; to

wallow.

tonulli, v. a. i. sing., to roll over, as a log.
tonulli, pp., rolled over,
tonullichi, v. t. sing., to roll it over; to

roll away, Josh. 5:9; 10: 18.
topa, n., a bed; a bedstead; any frame on

which beds, blankets, or skins are

spread and where persons sleep; a

couch; a lodging.

topa iskitini, n., a cot; a small bed.
topa isht talakchi, n., a bed cord.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

IBULL.4G

topaiti kalaha atakali, n., a trundle
bed.

topa iyi, n., a bedpost.

topa shunshi, n., a bedbug.

topa umpatalhpo, n., a bed; a coverlet;
nan tan IHI t<>}>« umputqlhpo, n., a sheet.

topoli, topulli, v. t., to push; pi. of tobli.

toshba hinla, a., perishable.

toshbahe keyu, a,, imperishable.

toshbi, a., pp., rotten; corrupt; spoiled;
perished; decayed; filthy; corrupted;
rained; iktoshbo, a., undecayed.

toshbi, v. n., to be rotten, etc.

toshbi, v. a. i., to rot; to perish; to de
cay; to corrupt; to ruin.

toshbi, n., rottenness; filthiness; rot.

toshbichechi,toshbichi, v. t., to rot; to
cause to rot; to corrupt; to mildew.

toshbichi ammona, v. t., to mildew.

toshbit isht ia, v. a. i., to decay; to be
gin to rot.

toshboa, a., partially rotten, or injured.

toshboa, v. n., to be partially rotten; alh-
l><>>/ak at tosliboa; ahe at toshboa.

toshbulba, toshbi holba, a., somewhat
decayed.

toshbulba, v. n., to be somewhat de
cayed.

toshke, tushkeh, adv. (from toh, sign of
recent past tense, as in ishlatoh) ; para-
ticle of assertion, full form Jiatoshke;
probably, John 2: 10; used by a person
who is ignorant of the manner in
which events took place. If a man in
a drunken lit kills another, when his
senses return he may say abditoshke.

toshoa, toshowa, v. a. i., to remove.
Josh. 3: 1, 8; 9: 17.

toshoa, pp., poured out; transferred;
translated; construed; rendered; de-
lined: explained; emptied; evacuated;
expounded.

toshoa, n., an explanation; an explica
tion; a translation; a version.

toshoa hinla, a., explainable; expli
cable.

toshoba, n., mildew (from to*libi holba).

tosholi,v.t.,topourout; to transfer, Josh.
111?; to translate; to construe; to ex
plain; to render; to define words; to
empty; to evacuate; to explicate; to
expound; to gloss; to open; nuntnpa
'iff, to translate; ntnxlnnjuli, to pour-
froni into, so as to cool, etc., as to pour

hot coffee from cup to saucer and back
again.

tosholi, n., a translator; an explainer;
an interpreter; an explicator; an ex
pounder; an opener.

tosholi, n., a translation.

toshowa, see toshoa.

towa, n., a ball, used in sports.

towakali, n., the firmament, Gen. 1: 7.

towulhkachi, itowulhkachi, v. t., to
blister by heat, Kev. 7: 16.

tun?; mail tun?

tua, a., open.

tua, tuwa, tiwa, pp., opened.

tua, v. a. i., to open; to come open.

tuakachi, pp., stirred while lying in a
vessel.

tualichi, v. t., to stir; to move about, as
to stir a liquid or grain which lies in a
vessel or a bin, etc.; tafala yan tualichi,
tanchi an tualichi.

tubbona, a., stooped, bent over.

tubi, see tobi.

tuchali, n., a piece; a slice.

tuchina, a., three; III; 3; nitak tuchina,
three days; ninak tuchina, three nights;
Matt. 12:40; 15:32; tuchinakma,'Msitt.
18: 16.

tuchina, v. n., to be three.

tuchina, v. a. i., to be three, or to make
three, as etuchina, we three.

tuchinaha, adv., a third time.

tuchinanchi, v. t,, to do the third time.

tuchinanchit, adv., thrice; tuchinanchit
anoli, tell it thrice or toll of three things;
tuchinanchit abeli, I have killed three.

tuchinna, all three; being three; tucJiin-
nahoshilhkoli, all three have gone.

tufa, v. a. i., to spit; iloutttfa, to spit on
himself.

tufa, n., a spitter.

tuftua, v. a. i. pi., to spit; to keep spit
ting.

tuk, sign of the recent past tense; did;
was; has; has been; have been; had,
1 Sam. 3: 8; Matt. 2: 13; used to de
scribe just previous to another time
whether the last time is recent or not,
see John 4: 53; connected with the
present; equal to was, and is in some
connections; see atok for all the forms;
k final is demonstrative; tuk is found in
tuk at, tuk,, tat, 1 Sam. 30:26, 27.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

357

tukafa, tokafa, v. a. i., to discharge; to

go off; to fire, as a gun; to shoot; to

explode; to pop.
tukafa, pp., fired; discharged; shot;

ontukafa, shot; fired on.
tukaf a, n., an explosion; a shoot; iktukafo,

a., unshot.
tukafa achafa, n., a charge; a fire; a

load.

tukakosh, because, Matt. 16: 8.
tukali, tokali, n., pi., to discharge,
tukali, pp., discharged,
tukali, n., a shooting; a discharge; a

volley.

tukali, see tokali.
tukalichi, see tokalichi.
tukalichi, v. t., to discharge.
tukatok,had, Matt. 14:3; 16:5; 1 Kings

11:10; was, 2 Kings 9: 15, 16; Josh. 2:6.
tukaffi, v. t. sing., to fire off; to fire; to

discharge.

tukaffi, n., one who fires a gun.
tukbi, a., blunt; pp., blunted,
tukbi, v. n., to be blunt.
tukbichi, v. t. , to make it blunt; to blunt.
tuklo,a., two; double, II; 2; n., a pair;

a couple; a brace; a yoke, Matt. 11: 2;

14: 17.
tuklo, n., twain; a span; a deuce, a term

used in gaming; tuklokma, Matt. 18: 16;

tuklokmat,wheu there are two.
tuklo, v. n., to be two; ishtuklo; ita-

tukloy to be two together, or both, Matt.

4:21; 10: 29; itatukloli, I together with

him, two; itatuklo, Matt. 17: 3; ilita-

tuklo, Matt. 17: 27; Josh. 9: 3; toyuklo,

pro. form.
tuklo, v. a. i., to make two; to be two,

as etuklo, we two; itatuklo, and, in Che-
mis akosJi nakfixli Chan itatuklotok,

James and his brother John, Matt.

10: 2; Marts 11: 11.
tunklo , being two, or the two; both, Matt.

9: 17; 15: 14.
tuklochi, v. t. , to do it twice, or to do two ;

to make two; itatuklinchi, to double;

tuklolichilahe keyu, I can not do both

things; to "two," literally, Matt. 6: 24;

to take two, Matt. 10: 10.
tuklohila, n., a jig.
tuklohilahila, v. a. i., to jig.
tuklokia, even two.
tuklokia atampa, n., plurality; more

than two.

tuklona, tuklo ona, v. a. i., to reach to
two; to ex tend to two; even two; tuk ok y
cont. for tukokma; kaniona isJtbolitukok,
perhaps you laid it somewhere.

tuklampuli, n., a cobweb; see chuklam-
pulli.

tukma, written as one word in the defi
nite form of recent past tense, sub.
mood, obj. case, but after nouns should
be written as two words, tnk ma; tuk
mat, same in nom. case; tuk okma; tuk
okmat.

tukohmi, see tokomi.

tuktua, v. a. i., to cluck.

tulhpakali, a., dim; obscure; hidden;
applied to the eyesight, which, being
dim, does not clearly behold objects.

tulhpakali, v. n., to be dim or obscure;
tanampo apisa pisalikma apisa yat tulh
pakali.

tulli, pi., tolupli, sing., v. a. i., to frisk;
to jump; to bound; to canter; to
prance; to romp; to skip; to spring;
to vault.

tulli, n. , a frisker.

tullichi, v. t., to canter; to cause to leap,
etc.

tullit fulokachi, v. a. i., to caper.

tullit fulokachi, n., a caper.

tulolichi, v. a. i., to walk with short
steps like a duck-legged hen, or a child
when it first begins to walk.

tulak, n., soot.

tulak chito, a., sooty.

tulak isht lusa, pp., sooted.

tulak isht lusachi, v. t., to soot.

tulak laua, a., sooty.

tulankoba, tulankobi, a., brown; orange
red, like soot.

tuma, adv., probably; yamohmi tuma.

tumashke; hotumashke, Matt. 17, 26;
ihinma tumashke, Acts 11, 18; chintuma,
hetuma, in the future.

tupashali, n., the long-legged spider,
called "grand daddy' long legs."

tunstubi, tunsubi,n., a fishhawk; a blue
hawk.

tunsha, tusha; see tushli.

tushafa, v. a. i., to split off; tali tushafqt
itula, the stone split off and fell.

tushafa, pp., split off.

tushafa, n., a piece; a fraction; a part;
a scrap; a slice, Matt. 17: 27; pqska
tushafa sapetii, give me a piece of bread.

358

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

tushanfasi, n., a bit; a spark.

tushali, v. a. i. pi., to split off in pieces.

tushali, pp., split off; chipped; minced;
nipped; sliced.

tushali, n., pieces cut off; fragments;
shavings.

tushali ushtali, v. t,, to quarter.

tushalichi, v. t., to cut in pieces; to break
into pieces, Matt. 14: 19; to divide;
to part; to shave; paska yan tushalichi,
to break up the bread; to haggle; to
mince; to nip; iiatusJialichi, to break in
pieces; Luke 24: 30.

tushaffii, v. t. sing., to cut off a small
piece; to break off a small piece;
pqska yan tushqffi, nipi an tushqjffl.

tushkeh, see toshke.

tushli, v. t. pi., to cut in pieces; to cut off;
to break in pieces; paska ya™ tushli.

tushpa, a., hasty; quick; spry; alert;
active; agile; cursory; brisk; animated;
expeditious; expert; forward; imma
ture; instant; nimble; pert; posthaste;
precipitous; punctual; rapid; ready;
speedy; sprightly; sudden; swift.

tushpa, n., expedition; haste; hastiness;
precipitancy; quickness; rapidity;
rashness; readiness; speed.

tushpa, v. n., to be spry, quick, alert.

tunshpa, v. a. i., to go in haste; to act in
haste; to bustle; to haste; to hie; to
scramble; to fly; to precipitate; to
speed, Matt. 5: 25; etunslipqt ilaya, we
are going in haste.

tunshpa, pp., hastened; hasted; pre
cipitated.

tunshpa, tushpat, adv., quickly; apace;
immediately; rashly, readily.

tunshpa achukina, a., prompt; ready.

tunshpalechi, v. t., to hasten; to ani
mate; to hurry; to expedite; to for
ward; to haste; to precipitate; to
quicken; to speed.

tunshpali, v. t., to hasten; to animate;
to hurry; to haste; to huddle; xutunah-
]>«!i, he hurries me.

tushpalit chanchi, v. t., to pack.

tunshpat holitopa toba, n., an upstart.

tunshpachi, v. t.,to hasten; to hurry; to
quicken another; to accelerate.

tunshptat anumpuli, v. t., to sputter.

tunshpat nowa, v. a. i., to walk fast;
n., a tripper.

tushtua, v. a. i., to break in pieces; to
crumble.

tushtua, pp., cut up; divided; broken;
crumbled; dissected; sliced.

tushtua, n., pieces; fragments; crumbs.

tushtuli, v. t,, to break off pieces; to
carve; to cut off pieces; to dissect; to
fritter; to slice; to break, Matt. 15: 36;
paska yan tuslituli, isi nipi tuslituli.

tushtuli, n., a carver.

tuwa, see tua.

tuwi, tiwi, v. t., to open; to unlock;
to broach; to unbar; to unbolt; to un
close; to unfasten; to unfold; to unroll;
to unstop.

tuwi, n., an opener.

tuwichi, tiwichi, a., to cause to open; to
open; to disclose.

ufka, hufka, v. t., to air; to dry; to sun;

to expose to the sun; tanchi an ufka,

sfiukbo an ufka, he suns the blanket;

holufka, pp.
ufkanya, okfanya (q. v.) v. a. i., to

snag the foot or flesh.
ufko, n., a fanner; a small hand fan; an

instrument for winnowing grain, etc.
uha, a., all; see Hymn 148: 7; nan uha.
uha, v. n., to be all.
uhalichi, see Mark 12: 30.
unhalinchi, v. t., to use all, Mark 12: 30.
unkah, adv., yes; certainly (from onh or

u^h and kah, it is that).
ukbal, ulbal (q. v. ), n., behind; the

rear.

ukbal, adv., in the rear,
ukha, see okJia.
ukhishta, okhishta (q. v.), v. t, to

shut; to close a door, box, trunk, or

gate, but not a knife, the eyes, or

the hand.

unkof, unkaf, n., a persimmon.
unkof api, n., a persimmon tree.
uksak, oksak, n., a hickory nut.
uksak alanta, n., hickory mush, an

Indian dish.

uksak api, n., a hickory tree,
uksak api bisinli, n., a hickory withe,
uksak foni, n., a hickory-nut shell,
uksak hahe, n., a walnut.
uksak hata, n., a white hickory nut.
uksak nipi, n., hickory-nut meat; a

kernel.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

359

uksak ulhkomo, n., hickory milk, a
dish of food.

ulbal, ukbal, a., behind; back; adv., in
the rear.

ulbal, v. n., to be behind.

ulbal, n., the rear.

ulbal isht alopulli, n., a diarrhea.

ulbal ont ia, v. a. i., to have a passage
or stool.

ulbal ont ia, n., a diarrhea; a stool; a
passage; a dejection; a flux.

ulbal ont iachi, n., a cathartic.

ulbal ont iachi, v. t., to physic.

ulbal pila, adv., backward.

ulbal pilla, adv., away back.

ulbalaka, a., hind, as to direction.

ulbalakachi, v. t., to cause it to go be
hind.

ulbalhpela, adv., backwards.

ulbalhpelat ia, v. a. i., to go back; to go
backwards; isuba hat ulbalhpelat ia
ikbanno.

ulhchi, n., a drawer of water.

ulhkachi, hulhkachi, pp., soaked;
steeped; tanchi at uUikachi.

ulhkachi, v. a. i., to soften.

ulhkachi, a., soggy.

ulhpi, n., a haft; a handle; a shaft.

ulhpi ansha, pp., hafted; having a haft;
shafted.

ulhpohomo, pp., covered.

ulhti, pp., enkindled; kindled.

ulhti, n., a fire; a council fire; a govern
ment; a state; a district; a domain;
a dominion; a republic.

ulhti achafa, n., a state; one council
fire; a commonwealth.

ullohchi, pass, of odd.

um, see om.

umba, uma (Sixtowns form), umma
(Sixtowns form), umpa, v. a. i., to
rain; to shower; ohumpa; onumba, to
rain on; onumba, pp., showered.

umba, n., a rain; a shower; umba hatuk
mat, the rain, Matt 7: 25, 27.

umba, a., rainy.

umba, v. n., to be rainy.

umba chito, n., a great rain.

umba chitoli, v. a. i., to rain hard.

umba laua, a., rainy.

umbachechi, v. t., to engage one to
make it rain.

umbachi, umpachi, umbachi, v. t., to
make it rain; to rain; to shower.

umbi, n., a pawpaw; a custard apple.
umbitepa, ombitepa, v. t. sing., to press

on with the hand, Matt. 9: 18; ilumbi-

tepa, to smite himself with his hand,

Luke 18: 13.
umbitka, v. t. pi., to press on with the

hands.
umbokafa, n., an issue; issisJi umbokafa,

Matt. 9: 20. S.ee bokafa.
umma, umpa, see umba.
umpatali, v. t., to spread on; to put on;

to saddle; ileumpatali. to spread on

himself ;ileumpatali, n., a shawl; a cape.

See patali.
umpatalhpo, n., a saddle; a carpet; a

cushion,
umpatalhpo, pp., covered; boarded;

skinned.

umpachi, see umbachi.
umpala, v. a. i., v. t., to shine on; to

shed, light upon,
umpata, n., a cape; a cover,
umpata, umpatta, pp., spread on.
umpoholmo, v. a. i., to mantle; to skin.
umpoholmo, n., a covering; a lid; a

cover; a tilt.
umpoholmo, pp., covered, Matt. 10: 26;

boarded; hooded; topped; veiled; onulh-

pohomo.
umpohomi, v. t., to cover; to cover over;

to board; to cover with boards; holisso

han umpohomi.
umpohomo, ompohomo, v. t., to cover;

to bury; to hood; to involve; to man
tle; to skin; to smother; to tip; to tilt;

to top; to veil; isht ompohomotok, was

covered with, Matt. 8: 24.
umpohomot okpani,v. t., to overwhelm.
unchaba, onchaba, n., a large hill,
unchaba chaha, n., a high hill; a moun
tain.

unchaba f oka, a. , hilly ; n. , a hilly region.
unchololi, onchuloli, v. a. i., to sprout

at the root; to grow up again, as sprouts

roundastump; to multiply; to increase;

aiunchululi, Matt. 1: 17; itaiunchululi,

generations.

unchololi chi, v. t., to cause to sprout.
uncholulli, n., sprouts; the second

growth; a generation; the descendants:

the offspring; an offset.
unchululi, n., generation or descendants;

isht aiunchululi, Matt. 12: 34.
untuchina, a., eight, VIII, 8.

360

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

lBULL.46

untuchinaha, adv., eight times.

untuklo, a., seven, VII, 7, Matt. 12: 45;
15: 34, 36, 37; 16: 10.

untukloha, adv., seven times, Josh. 6: 4.

uskap, n., a small white crane.

uski, oski, n., a cane.

TJski anunka, n., a., in the cane; among
cane. The Choctaw name for Ken
tucky.

uski botona, n., cane bent and used for
tongs.

uski chito, n., large cane; a thick cane
brake.

uski chula, n., a slaie; a slay; a weaver's
reed; a reed.

uski kapush, n., cane tongs.

uski kolofa, n., a cane spool.

uski kololi, n., pi., cane spools.

uski lumpa, n., a blowgun; an air gun
made of cane; a wind gun.

uski naki, n., an arrow; a shaft; oski
naki, 2 Kings 9: 24.

uski naki halupa, n., an arrow-head or
-point.

uski pata, n., a canebrake.

uski patak, n., a canebrake.

uski tapa, n., a spool.

uski tapa afoli, v. t., to spool.

uskula, n., a flute; a pipe, Matt. 11: 17.

uskula olachi, v. t., to flute; to play on
a flute; to pipe.

uskula olachi, n., a piper.

uskulush olachi, n., a fifer; a whistler.

uskulushi, n., a whistle; a fife; a flageolet.

uskulushiolachi, v. t., to fife; to play
on a fife.

ushahpi, n., firstborn; the first child.

ushatto, n., a womb; a venter; a matrix.

ushelabi, see Jiasltilabi.

ushetik, see odietik.

ushetik, oshetik, n., a daughter; his or
her daughter; used in the third person
only; Matt. 10: 35; 14: 6.

ushetik toba, n., a stepdaughter.

ushi, n., a si m; a child, Josh. 1:1; uslii
y<in, the Son, Matt. 11: 27; ilapuxhi yon,
a son of himself, Heb. 1: 2; offspring,
-Matt. 15:22; a descendant, Luke 3: 23,
38; a brood; fruit; a litter; posterity;
heirs; an egg; the young of any creature;
not applied to infants (see Matt. 1: 21,
23; Luke 1 : 13 ) ; sign of the diminutive,
as ch'tj'nk, cliufdk iislti; an imp, a word
of reproach; issue; young; "a young

one; " ushi osh, his son, Matt. 7:9; ushi
is used only in the third person, and
means his son, her son; son of; in the
second and first person it is chiso, thy
son, and sasa, my son. See iso, a son.

ushi ahalaia, n., sonship.

ushi afoka, n., a womb.

ushi aialhto, n., a womb.

ushi cheli, v. t., to litter; to bring forth
young.

ushi inf ohka, a. , pregnant.

ushi infohka, v. n., to be pregnant.

ushi infohka, v. a. i., to conceive; to
teem.

ushi infohka, n., pregnancy.

ushiiksho, ushiksho, a., barren; child
less; issueless, Luke 1:7.

ushi isht atiaka, n., seed.

ushi isht atoba, n., adoption.

ushi kaiya, v. a. i., to teem; to be with
young.

ushi kaiya, a., pregnant.

ushi shali, v. t, to go with young.

ushi tek, ushetik, n., a daughter, 1
Sam. 1: 4; Matt. 15: 28; Josh. 17:3.
See oxhetik.

ushi toba, n., a stepson; a stepchild.

ushi tobat taha, n., a fetus.

ushiksho, see ushi iksho.

ushta, a., four; IV; 4, Matt. 15: 38.

ushta, v. n., to be four; uxlitali, I four;
afammi ushtali, I four years; I am four
years old.

ushta, v. a. i., to make four; as ilushta.
usJitali.

unshta, all four.

ushtachi, to do it four times.

ushtaha, fourth time.

ushtali, v. t., to four; to make four (see
to quarter), innafoka yntuk an ixltit ita-
kasltkoa uzlitali clia, took his garments
and made four parts, John 19: 23.

uti, oti ((]. v.), n., a chestnut.

wa, awa (q. v.); will not; shall not; can

not, Luke 4: 4; John 3: 2.
wanhachi, v. a. i., to scream.
wahhaloha, v. a. i. pi., to spread; to

branch out like vines on the ground,
wahhaloha, a. pi., pronged,
wahhaloha, v. a. i., to be pronged; i*i

Iqpish at wdhhaloha.
wahhala, a. sing., pronged, as the horns

of cattle and deer; irafihala, \. n.; n-ak

/atixli at

BTINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

361

wahwali, wahwuli,n., a whip-poor-will,
waiahpa, v. a. i. (from wuiya and ahpi],

to bow down; see John 8: 6.
waiayanya, waiayaya, motion of a horse

in bending down his head to eat as he

passes along,
waioha, n., bends.

waioha, v. a. i. pi., to bend; iti at waioha.
waioha, pp. pi., bent.
waiohachi, v. t., to bend,
waiya, n., a bend; a stoop,
waiya, v. a. i. sing., to bend; to impend;

to lean; to recline; to swag; to sway,
waiya, pp., bent,
waiya, a., slant; slanting.
waiyakachi; itonwaiyakqchi, to lean on

each other, as fallen cane stalks; tanchi

at waiyakachi.
waiyachi, v. t., to bend; to incurvate; to

lean; to slant; to stoop; to sway,
wak, n., a cow; general name of the cow

kind, and is of common gender and of

both numbers; cattle; kine; neat; beef;

beeves; black cattle. This word is

probably an attempt to imitate the

Spanish word vaca.
wak afammi, n., a yearling cow.
wak aiasha, n., a range for cattle; a

place where cattle resort.
wak aiimpa, 11., a manger; a rack; a

cow trough; a cow range; a stall for

cattle.
wak aiitanowa, n., a cow trail or path;

a cow range.

wak apistikeli, n., a herdsman; a gra
zier; a neatherd,
wak abi, n., a butcher.
wak atampa, n., a yearling; one over

a year old and under two years,
wak bila, n., the fat of beef; suet,
wak bishahchi, n., a milch cow.
wak hakshup, n., a cowhide,
wak hakshup ahumma, wak hakshup

ahummachi, n., a tannery; a tanyard;

a tan vat.

wak hakshup alallichi, n., a lapstone.
wak hakshup humma, n., sole leather;

leather.
wak hakshup hummachi, n., a tanner;

a leather dresser.
wak hakshup isht hummachi, n., oo/e;

tanner's bark.

wak hakshup lusa, n., upper leather.
wak hakshup lusachi, v. t., to curry.

wak hakshup shemachi, n., a currier.
wak hakshup shukcha, n., a portman
teau; saddle bags.

wak hobak, n., a steer; an ox; a bullock.
wak hobak tonksali, n., a working

steer; a working ox.
wak inholihta, n., a cowpen; a cow

yard.

wak inlukfapa, n., a cowlick.
wak ishki, n., an old cow that has had

calves.

wak isht fama, n., a cow whip.
wak isht inchunwa, n., a cow brand.
wak itichapa, n., a yoke of cattle.
wak itihalalli, n., a yoke ot oxen.
wak inyalhki, n., cow dung; muck.
wak inyalhki ont ashachi, pp., ma
nured.

wak lapish, n., a cow's horn.
wak lapish iksho, n., a cow without

horns.

wak nakni, n., a bull,
wak nakni nipi, n., bull beef.
wak nali tohbi, n., a line-back cow; a

white-back cow.
wak nia, n., tallow,
wak nia ahama, pp. , tallowed.
wak nia ahammi, v. t., to tallow,
wak nia pala, n., a tallow candle,
wak nipi, n., beef; the flesh of an ox or

cow.

wak nipi albani, n., barbecued beef,
wak nipi apa, n., a beef-eater.
wak nipi shila, n., dried beef; cured

beef.

wakpelichi, n., a herdsman; agrazier.
wak pishukchi, n., cow's milk,
wak pishukchi nia, n., butter of kine;

butter.

wak pishukchi palaska, n., cheese.
wak tek, n., a cow; cows; kine.
wak tek himmeta, n., a young cow; a

heifer; a young kine.
wak toksali, n., an ox; a working ox.
wak toksali abankachi, n. pi., ox

yokes.

wak tonksali abanaya, n., an ox yoke,
wak tonksali hioli achafa, n., an ox

team.

wak tonksali innuchi, 11., an oxbow.
wak tonksali itapata, n., a yoke of

oxen; a pair of oxen,
wak toksali itichapa, n., a yoke of

working cattle.

362

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

I BULL. 40

wak ushi, n., a calf.

wak ushi cheli, v. t., to calve.

wak ushi hakshup, n., a calfskin.

wak ushi nakni, n., a bull calf.

wak ushi nipi, n., veal.

wak yushkoboli, n., a cow without horns.

wakalali, pi., wakla, sing., v. a. i., to
crack.

wakalali, pp., cracked.

wakalali, n., cracks; crevices; interstices.

wakalalichi, v. t., to cause to crack.

wakama, v. a. i., to unfurl; to spread
out; to open.

wakama, pp., opened; unfurled; Jtolisso
Jiat wakama, sliaphat wakama, iti patgllt-
po at wakama, the floor is raised up en
tire so that one can look under it.

wakamoa, v. a. i. pi., to unfurl.

wakamoa, pp. pi., opened; unfurled.

wakamoli, v. t., to unfurl; to spread
out; to open.

wakaya, n., a start.

wakaya, n., a starter.

wakaya, v. a. i., to rise from a seat, Matt.
9:9; Luke 5: 28; to arise (from a sick
bed), Matt. 8: 15; to get up; to rise up;
to start; to start off on a journey, Josh.
1:2; 8:1; onwakayqt Jdkia, to stand over,
Luke 4: 39; nitak nantaslio ishwakaya-
tukon, on what day did you start?

wakayachi, v. t., to cause to get up;
to cause to start; to start; to make him
rise up, 2 Kings 9: 2.

wakayoha, v. a. i. pi., to rise up from
a seat.

wakayohachi, v. t., to raise them up.

wakammi, v. t., to open, Luke 4: 17;
Matt. 17: 27; Jiolisso han wakammi, to
open the book; nistikln wakammi; itombi
wakammi; ikwakamo, a., unopened.

wakcha, a., forked; having two prongs
or limbs straddled apart, as the two
legs in one end of a bench.

wakcha, v. a. i., to straddle; onwakcha,
v. t., to straddle on.

wakcha, v. n., to be forked; onii'akcJta,
straddled over.

wakchala, v. a. i., to straddle.

wakchalali, v. a. i., to straddle.

wakchalalichi, v. t., to cause to straddle.

wakchalalit itonla, v. a. i., to sprawl.

wakchalachi, v. t., to make him strad
dle.

wakchalashli, a., forked; straddled.

wakchalashli, v. n., to be fcfked or
straddled.

wakchalashlichi, v. t., to cause to strad
dle.

wakchali, n., a disease like the venereal
disease.

wakchat hikia, v. a. i., to stand straddle.

wakcha t nowa, v. a. i., to straddle; to
straddle and walk.

wakeli, v. t., to lift up; to raise it up;
•iti an wakdi, to lift up a log.

wakkalih, v. a. i., to be low or just
heard, as the human voice.

wakla, v. a. i. sing., to crack open;
wakalali, pi.

wakla, pp., cracked open.

wakla, n., a crack; a crevice; an inter
stice; abolta wakla; iti patqlhpd wakla;
wakaloJia, pi.

waklali, n., a fissure.

waklachi, v. t., to cause to crack.

wakoha, v. a. i., to open.

wakoha, pp., opened.

wakoli, v. t., to open.

wakolichi, v. t., to cause to open; to
lift them up; to raise them up, i. e.,
anything flat; aboha isht holmo wako-
licln, lift up the shingle on a roof.

wakshish, v. a. i., to stub; iyi waMdsli,
to stub the toe. — J. E.

walakshi, n., a dumpling; a Choctaw
dumpling, made thus: cakes of corn
meal are boiled in water gruel, with a
mixture of dried peaches, and eaten in
a bowl.

walanto, v. a. i., to be curdled, like milk;
see walahachi.

walasha, a., tender or soft.

walasha, v. n. , to be tender or soft.

walasha, pp., soaked till suppled; wak
hakshup at walasha.

walabli, walapli, v. a. i., to go over;
oniualapli, 1 Sam. 2: 1.

wali, v. t., to hold out to view; to hand
toothers; nushkobo an inwali, to beckon;
tali Jiolisso an i^wali, to offer him
money; pqska yan inwali, to hand them
the bread.

waloa, v. i., to grow, like a plant or a
person; walwoki, pi.

walonchi, a., juicy; soft; applied to the
part of pine-tree ball which squirrels
eat.

waloha, a., tender; soft.

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

363

waloha, v. n., to be tender; a

at waloha, full at waloha; tanip holbi at
waloha.

walohachi, v. t., to make flexible.

walohbi, a. pi., flexible; limber; tender;
soft; flimsy; supple; pliant.

walohbi, walonchi (Sixtowns word), v.
n., to be flexible or tender; nipi at wa-
lohbi; bashpo at walohbi; iti naksish at
ivalohbi.

walohbi, n., tenderness.

walohbi, v. a. L, to flag.

walohbi, pp., suppled.

walohbi keyu, a., un pliant.

walohbichi, v. t., to make limber or flex
ible; to supple.

waloli, v. t, to shake; to hold up to
view.

walotachi, a. pi., tender, as the stalks
of young vegetables.

walunchi, v. a. i., to be tender, like new
grass; weak, as young animals; see
walohbi.

walanta, v. a. i. ; onwalanta, to run over.

walalli, v. a. i., to boil, as hot water;
to boil frorn the action of heat; to effer
vesce; to wallop; to seethe, 1 Sam.
2: 13.

walalli, pp., seethed.

walalli, a., boiling; fervent.

walalli, n., an ebullition; a ferment.

walalli amrnona, v. a. i., to simmer.

walallichi, v. t., to cause to boil; to fer
ment; to seethe.

wananaha, v. a. i., to quiver.

wanananli, v. a. i., to quiver.

wanuksho, wanuksho, a., hairy.

wanuksho, n., short hair, as on a hog;
fuzz.

wanuta, n., a door yard; a court; a
yard.

washa, n., a locust, the large kind; ha^wa
is the small sort.

washahachi, washahachi, v. a. i., to
sing, as locusts; to rattle, as the rattle
snake; to make a rustling or shrill
noise; washa yat washahachi; sintullo at
washahachi.

washalali, v. a. i., to extend.

washaloha, a., pronged; full of limbs or
branches; having many limbs.

washaloha, v. n., to be pronged.

washana, v. a. i., to kick with the hind
legs; isuba hat washana.

washala, a. sing., pronged; having two
prongs or two tines.

washala, v. n., to be pronged.

washala, n., a prong; a tine.

washalahinchi, v. t., to strike with two
feet.

washalachi, v. t., to make a prong.

washalwanya, v. t., to strike with all the
feet.

washlichi, n., a kind of locust.

washoha, v. a. i., to play with little
things, as children; to play with toys;
to game; to sport; to toy; to wanton.

washoha, n., playing with toys; one who
plays with toys; a game; a pastime;
a play; sport; alia washoha, a boy who
plays.

washohachi, v. t., to cause to play with
toys.

watali, v. t. pi., to unfold; to unfurl;
watanli, nasal form.

watama, pp., unfolded; opened; v. a. i.,
to unfold; to open.

watalhpi, a., supine; watalhpi. v. n.

watalhpi, adv., supinely.

watalhpi, v. a. i., to lie on the back.

watammi, v. t., to unfold; to open; na
foka lumbo watammi; bashpo yon wa
tammi; holisso han watammi

watammi, n., one who opens.

watammi, see batammi.

watonlak, watonla, n., a crane.

watonluk oshi, n., a white sand-hill
crane.

waya, v. a. i., to bear; to bring fruit; to
produce; to ripen; to grow; to yield;
ishtwaya, Matt. 13: 23; to bring forth,
Matt. 13: 26; takkon api ilqppqt waya
fehna; tanchi at waya;' yakni ilqppqt
ahe an awaya, this land produces pota
toes; Josh. 5: 11.

waya, n., produce.

waya, a., ripe; fruitful; ikawayo, unfertile;
ikwayo, sterile; fruitless; unfruitful

waya achukma, a., rank.

waya fehna, v. a. i., to luxuriate.

waya fehna, a., luxuriant; prolific.

wayachi, v. t., to cause to bear; to pro
duce; to yield; to grow; ikwayayochi,
v. t.. to sterilize.

walaha, v. a. i., to coagulate; to clot; to
curdle; to congeal; pishukchi at walaha;
issish at walaha.

364

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

I' BULL,. 40

walaha, pp., coagulated; curdled; con
gealed.

walaha, a., ropy.

walaha, n., coagulation and coagulum;
a clot; ropiness; pishukchi walaha; apish
walaha.

walahachi, walakachi, walanto, v. t.,
to coagulate; to congeal; to curdle.

walahachi, n., a jelly.

walapolih, v. a. i., to lap over; nitak iton-
wqlapolih.

walwa, n., a species of turtle; a soft-
shelled turtle; i^walwa, the lower part
of the breastbone.

walwaki, a. pi., waloa, sing., tender;
soft; chunkash walwaki.

walwaki, v. n. pi., to be tender or soft;
to grow, like a plant or a person.

walwakichi, v. t. , to make tender or soft.

walahachi, v. a. i., to rattle, as dry
leaves or dry sand, seeds, and powder,
or as the throat with a cold.

wannichi, v. a. i., to shake, as with the
ague; to quiver; to shudder; to trem
ble; wqnnihinchi, quivering.

wannichi, n., an ague fit; a shake; palsy;
a quake; a waver; a shivering; a shud
der; a trembling; tremor.

wannichi, a., tremulous.

wanuksho, see wanuksho.

waslichi, n., see wislichi.

washkali, v. a. i., to have the itch.

washko, n., the itch; the mange.

washkoli, washkuli, v. t., to cause the
itch.

washlichi, v. a. i., to grit or chisel nuts
like a squirrel.

watta, v. a. i., to be broad, like the horns
of an ox; waklqpish watta.

wattachi, v. t. sing., watali, pi., to un-
clinch, as ibbak wqttqchi, to open the
mouth of a bag; to unfold or spread
out the wings or open the hands; see
watta.

weha, pp., ravaged; plundered.

wehkah, int. of mild displeasure, as
don't; now don't.

wehpoa, pp. pi., robbed; plundered;
depredated; deprived; despoiled; di
vested; extorted; rifled; stripped; ik-
wehpoo, a., unspoiled.

wehpoa, 11., robbery; extortion; prey;
pri/e; rapine; spoil, Josh. 7: 21; na
, spoils, Josh. 8: 2:

wehpuli, v. t., to rob; to plunder; to
depredate; to deprive; to despoil; to
divest; to extort; to pillage; to prey; to
ravage; to rifle; to spoil, Matt. 12: 29.

wehpuli, n., a robber; a plunderer; a
depredator; an extortioner; a ravager;
a rifler.

wehpuli shali, a., rapacious.

wehpuli shah, n., rapacity.

wehput fullota, v. t., to scour; to pil
lage; to range about for pillage.

wehta, n., the lap of a legging.

weki, a., heavy; ponderous; weighty;
burdensome; clumsy; dull, Matt. 11:
28; fat; firm (chunkash weki, a firm
mind); slow (hatakweki, a slow man;
a heavy man); flat; obtuse; onerous;
oppressive; saturnine; unwieldy.

weki, v. n., to be heavy, etc.

weki, v. a. i., to weigh.

weki, pp. , weighed ; ikweko , a. , unweighed .

weki, adv., heavily.

weki, n., a weight; a poise; the weight;
a pound; gravity; heaviness; heft;
luggage.

weki achafa, n., one pound; a pound.

weki fehna, a., ponderous; very heavy.

weki inshali, a., heaviest.

weki inshali, v. n., to be the heaviest;
v. a. i., to preponderate.

wekiitilaui, v. a. i., to balance; to weigh
against each other and alike.

weki itilaui, a., being of equal weight,

wekiitilaui, pp.. balanced; poised.

weki itilaui, n., an equilibrium.

weki itilauichi, v. t., to balance; to poise;
to cause to weigh alike or to be of equal
weight,

weki talepa achafa, n., a kentle; a
quintal.

weki talepa sipokni tuklo, n., a ton;
2,000 pounds.

wekichi, v. t., to weigh; to weigh up; to
balance; to poise; to scale; inwekicld, to
encumber him; ikivikecho, a., un
weighed.

wekichi, n., a weigher.

weli, v. t. pi., -imli, sing., to take out; to
hold out to view; to stretch forth, Luke
6: 10; Matt. 12: 49; 14: 31; to offer,
Luke 6: 29; to stretch out, 2 Sam. 24:
16; Josh. 8: 18; to show; to turn to,
Matt. 5: 39; to put forth, Matt. 8: 3;
onweli, to level, as a gun in shooting;

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW I.AX(iUA(JE

365

isht toksali isht well, v. t., to ungear; isht

hallali ishtweli, v. t., to unharness,
well, v. t, to rob; to despoil; to divest;

to pillage; to plunder; to ravage; shuk-

ha yan inweli.
well, 11., a plunderer,
[wia, n., a loft, a brush arbor. Wia

Takali, Hanging Loft, was the name of

a Choctaw town, so called from a large

brush arbor erected there for public

assemblies. — H. S. H.]
wichikli, v. a. i., pi., to move,
wiha, v. a. i. pi., to move; to remove; to

change the place of residence; to swarm;

foe bilishki at wiha; oklat wiha; oklat wihat

anya; kochawiha, to come forth, John 5:

28; ilaweli, ilaueli, to take along with

himself.

wiha, n., movers; an emigrant,
wiha, n., a removal; a moving; a migra
tion; a remove.

wihachi, v. t., to cause to move,
wihachi, v. a. i., to move and swarm, as

flies, maggots, etc.
wihat anya, v. a. i., to emigrate; to move

along; to be on the way; to migrate,
wihat ala, v. a. i., to immigrate; to move

and arrive.

wihat ala, n., an immigrant,
wihat binili, v. a. i., to move and settle,
wihat binili, n., a colony,
wik, n., a week, from the English word

week.

wilaha, a., slimy,
wilaha, v. n., to be slimy.
wilaha, n., slime; sliminess.
wilahachi, v. t. , to cause to be slimy,
wilanli, v. a. i. , to weep ; nishkin okchi at

wilanli, to drop, as tears,
wileli, v. t., to flap,
wilali, v. a. i., to spread out (as the toes

of some old women),
wimilichi, v. a. i., to roar, as a blazing

fire, as a flame; wimilihinchi, freq.
winihachi, winehachi, v. a. i., to peal;

to rumble, as thunder; to ring, 1 Sam.

4:5.

winihachi, n., a peal; a rumbling,
winnakachi, v. a. i., to shake; to quake;

yakni at winnakachi, the earth shakes;
iti at winnakachi, the tree shakes; win-
nakahanchi freq. form.
winnakachi, pp., shaken; jarred; jog
gled; jolted; jounced.

winnakachi, n., a shake; a quake; a

jolt.

winnali, v. a. i. pi., to shake,
winnali, pp. pi., shaken,
winnalichi, v. t., to shake; to cause to

shake; to jar; to joggle; to jolt; to

jounce.

winnalichi, n., a jolter.
winnattakachechi, v. t. sing., to shock;

to cause a shock.

winnattakachi, v. i. sing., to shake.
winnattakachi, pp. sing., shaken.
winnattakachi, n. sing., a shake; a

shock,
wisakachi, v. a. i., to ripple; to wave;

wisakahanchi, freq., rippling.
wisakachi, n., water running in waves,
wisalichi, v. t., to ripple.
wisattakachi, n., a ripple; a wave.
wislichi,waslichi, n., a locust.
wishaha, v. a. i., to wave and bend like

a plume; shikopa wishaha.
wishahchi, bishahchi, a., milch.
wishahchi, v. n., to be inilch.
wishakchi, a., outmost; smallest; ex
treme; belonging to the tip end.
wishakchi, v. n., to be outmost; wishak-

chechi, caus. form,
wishakchi, n., the top; the tip; the point;

the extremity; the apex; the summit;

the end; the tip end; the peak; the

pinnacle, Matt. 4: 5.
wishikachi, v. a. i., to spurt; to make a

noise in spurting out, like a stream of

blood from a vein,
wishilli, v. a. i., to spurt.
wishillichi, v. t., to spurt; to cause to

spurt.

wishki, n., whisky,
wishlichi, v. t., to milk, as a cow, etc.;

see bishlichi.
witekachi, v. a. i. pi., to move, as

insects.

witikli, v. a. i., to move, as an insect,
witikwinli. witakwinli, v. a. i. sing.,

to move, as an insect,
woha, v. a. i., to bellow, as a bull; to

bray, as an ass; to low, as a cow; to

bark, as a dog; to howl, as a wolf; to

waul.

woha, n., a bellowing; a howl.
wohola, v. a. i., to expand, like the lower

skirts and garments.

366

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

woholachi, causative; isht ilewoholachi, a

lady's hoop,
wohwah, wohwa, v. a. i., to bark; to

howl; to yelp,
wohwoha, wohwoa, v. a. i., to bark; to

howl; to yelp; nashoba yat wohwoa, the

wolf barks.
wokkokli, v. t. sing., to throw up the

earth, as a mole when rooting under
ground.
wokokoa, pp., ground turned or thrown

up as by a mole,
wokokonli, pi. freq., to throw up the

earth as moles when rooting.
wokokonlichi, pi., to root up, as a hog.
wokonlichi, v. t., to root up the earth,

as a hog or mole; awokonlichi, n., the

place rooted up.
wolichi, v. t., to bark at, as a dog; to

yelp; to bay; oft at hatak an wolichi.
wolobli, v. t. sing., to split, shiver, and

break to pieces; wuli, pi.
wononunkachi, a., fuzzy; hairy,
wonuksho, v. a. i., to be hairy,
woimksho, n., the inner or shorter hair

of a hog and small feathers of a fowl,
woshoha, v. t., to root, as a hog.
woshoki, n., phlegm; spittle when a

person has a cold; hotilhko woshoki;

woshokaclii, n., same.
wosholichi, v. t., to root, as a hog.
woshulli, see wushulli.
woshushuk, n., a noise heard in the

inside of a living body, as the rumbling

of the bowels.
woshushukachi, v. a. i., to make such a

noise; to say woshushuk.
wowoha, wowoa, v. i., to bark; to

howl; to yelp,
wuklo, v. a. i., to molt, or cast off the

skin as a serpent does,
wulhko, v. a. i., to blister; to fester;

)i!/>i at wulJiko.
wulhko, pp., blistered; vesicated; to-

•inilliko, Rev. 16: 9.
wulhko, n., a blister; a thin bladder on

the skin containing water or blood; a
• blain; a vesicle,
wulhkochi, v. t., to blister; to cause to

blister; to vesicate; towulhkoclti, Rev.

1<>: 8.

wulhkuchi, n., a blister; a plaster ap
plied to raise a blister or vesicle,
wula, v. i., to split; to shiver.

wula, pp., split; shivered; uski at wula.
wuli, v. t. pi., to split; to shiver any
thing that is hollow, as a cane or reed,
wulobli, wuhibli, v. t., to split; to shiver;

to sliver.

wulobli, n., shivering,
wulopa, v. a. i., to split; to shiver.
wulopa, sing., split; shivered; bruised

to pieces.

wulubli, see wulobli.
wushohachi, v. a. i., to ferment; to

work; n., working; fermentation,
wushulli, woshulli, v. a. i., to ferment;

to form a froth on the surface; woslio-

hachi, to ferment,
wushulli, n., a fermentation,
wushulli, pp., fermented.
wusrniHichi, v. t., to ferment: to cause

fermentation,
wushwoki, a., slimy; thin, applied to

stools of the sick.

ya, art., the; see a and ha, Tama, ?/a»,

Thamar, her; Matt. 1: 3.
ya, emphatic; see okchanki yd, 1 Sam. 2:

15; chishno yd "tothee," 2 Kings 9: 5.
ya, rel. pro., who; which; the one who,

etc. ; see a and ha.

yabata, yobota, a., flying, as clouds.
yaboboa, a. , mellow, like ripe fruit.
yaboboa, v. n., to be mellow,
yabosha, a. pi., soft; mellow,
yabosha, v. n., to be soft or mellow.
yaboshachi, v. t., to make soft; to soften.
yabushki, v. n., to be mellowr.
yabushli, a. sing., mellow; soft; spongy,
yabushli, v. n., to be mellow, soft,

spongy.
yanfa, n., a large scar; a crease in the

skin without a wound, as in the palm

of the hand and finger joints.
yahapa, v. a. i., to scream; to shout; to

racket; to make a racket; isht yahapa,

v. t., to shout; allat yahapa.
yahapa, n., a screaming; a shouting; a

racket; a riot; a shout; an uproar,
yahapa, n., a screamer; a shouter.
yahapa, a., rude; boisterous; noisy.
yahna, see yanha.
yahyachechi, v. t., to trot; to cause, to

trot; to make him trot,
yahyachi, v. a. i., to trot; isuba hat yahya-

chi.
yahyachi, n. , a trotter.

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A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXGUAGE

367

yahyachi, n., a trot.

yaiya, v. a. i., to cry; to weep; to moan;
to howl; to wail; to lament; tobeweep;
to bewail; to bleat, as sheep, and to
screak; to scream; to screech; to shriek;
to snivel; to squall; to squeal; to wail;
to whimper; hachinyaiyaka, we have
mourned unto; hachikyaiyoshke, ye have
not lamented; ayahanya, there crying,
Matt. 8: 12; yahanya, Matt. 13: 50; isht
yaiya, v. t., to cry on account of or
about; to lament; to moan; ishtikyaiyo,
a., unwept; ilinyaiya, to cry for each
other, as Joseph and Benjamin, Gen.
45: 14.

yaiya, n., obsequies; a funeral cry, etc.

yaiya, n., a weeper.

yaiya, n., a crying; a cry; one who cries;
a mourner; a mourning; a shriek; a
squall; a wail; a wailing, Matt. 13: 42.

yaiya, a., mournful.

yaiya shali, n., a sniveler; one who is
addicted to crying.

yak, art., the; see ak and hak, Matt.
17: 25; yak o», the, Matt. 14: 5, 10;
yak, rel. pro., see ak and hak; yak-
banno, Matt. 4: 4; yako, pro., this
or thus; yak a^sha, they are here; yakot,
thus; yak ahaya, he said this or thus;
yakanshwa, they are here; yakahanchi,
Matt. 13: 24; yakitonlalishke, 1 Sam. 3:
4; yak hikidlishke, 1 Sam. 3: 5; yako
hikia, to stand thus or here.

yak, adv., thus; yak achishke, thus saith;
2 Kings 9: 3, 6; 2 Sam. 24: 12, here;
yak hinlishke, yak ashashke, 2 Sam. 24:
22

yak, adv., here; yakanta, he is here; yak
many a, Matt. 4: 3.

yaki, yakeh, lo; look here; behold; see;
come, John 4: 29; behold, Matt, 12: 2;
Josh. 7: 21.

yaklash, yakolush, n., a jug; an earthen
jug.

yakmichi, yakohmichi, v. a. i., to do
thus.

yakni, 11., the earth, Matt. 11: 25; Josh.
2: 11; the world; land; soil; ground;
nation; coast, Matt. 15: 39; 16: 13;
country; empire; kingdom; province;
state; a continent; district; dust; the
globe; territory; yakni is compounded
with the name of a people to express
the name of their coimtrv, as Chu

yakni, Judea, or the land of the Jews;
inyakni, home, his land, their coasts,
Matt, 8: 34; fayakni aiqtta, home; born;
yakni achafa, one country.

yakni, a., temporal; worldly.

yakni achukma, n., good land; a good
country; fertile land.

yakni ahalaia, n., secular; terrestrial.

yakni aiaii, n., the coast; the land's end.

yakni anunka waya, n., ground peas;
groundnuts; peanuts.

yakni anunkaka, n., the inside of the
earth, or under the ground.

yakni anunkaka, a., subterraneous;
underground.

yakni anunkaka lua, n., a volcano; a
burning underground.

yakni apisa ah, n., a landscape.

yakni atoksali, n., cultivated land;
yakniikatoksalo, n., wild land.

yakni alhpisa, n., a plot.

yakni alhpisa hikia, n., a landmark.

yakni ali, n., the end of the land; the
edge of the land; a frontier.

yakni bala,n., ground peas; ground
nuts.

yakni basha, n., plowed land.

yakni bashli, v. t., to plow.

yakni bikeli, n., a tongue of land.

yakni bukli, 11., a gopher, by some called
yumbak, or yakni bokli.

yakni bunto, n., a round hill; a mound.

yakni chiluk, 11., a cave; a cavern; a pit;
aholein theground; achasm; a fissure;
a hole; a hollow.

yakni chula, n., surveyed land; land
surveyed and laid off in sections; sec
tions of land; lots.

yakni chuli, v. t., to survey land; to lay
off land in sections; to run off land.

yakni chumpa, n., a land speculator.

yakni foi, n., the yellow jacket's nest or
comb; a yellow jacket; a small yellow
wasp.

yakni foishke, n., a yellow jacket; a
small yellow wasp.

yakni fullota, yakni fullota moma, n. ,
all over the world; the circuit or cir
cumference of the earth; a region.

yakni haiaka, n., a desert, Luke 1: 80;
Matt. 4: 1; a wilderness, Luke 3: 2,
Matt. 11: 7; 15: 33; Josh. 1:4; 8: 15.

yakni haknip, n., a continent.

yakni hichukbi, n., a cave.

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yakni hichukbi aiatta, v. a. i., to cave;

to live in a cave; to den.
yakni hofobi, n., a ditch, Luke 6: 39.
yakni inkaniohmi, n., coasts of, Matt.

15:21.
yakni ikapatafo, n., a balk; a place not

plowed.

yakni iklana pilla, a., inland,
yakni iklanna apakfoyupa, n., the

equator.

yakni ikonlo, n., an isthmus,
yakni imafo, n., a black lizard, called

"ground puppy."
yakni impota, v. t., to rent land; to let

out land.

yakni impota, n., a renter; a lessor,
yakni isht ahalaia, a., earthly; earthy;

pertaining to the earth,
yakni isht alhpisa, n., a land measure;

a rod; a mile, etc.; a surveyor's chain,
yakni isht alhpisa holisso, n., a map.
yakni isht kula, n., a spade,
yakni isht patafa, n., a plow,
yakni isht patafa tali, n., a plowshare,
yakni isht patafa tikbinhika, n. , a col
ter.
yakni kolukbi, n., a ditch; a drain; a

gulf.

yakni kolukbichi, v. t., to ditch; to ex
cavate; to dig a hollow,
yakni kula, v. a. i. , to mine,
yakni kula, n., a ditch, Matt. 15: 14; dug

earth; a dug pit; a pit, Matt. 12: 11; a

mine; a dike,
yakni kula ayanalli, n., a trench; a

drain,
yakni kula tamaha apakfopa, n., a

moat.
yakni kulli, v. t., to mine; to dig the

earth; to spade,
yakni kullit tamaha apakfobli, v. t.,

to moat.

yakni lapushkichi, v. t., to harrow land.

yakni lumbo, n., the round earth; the

' earth; the globe; the world; a ball of

earth,
yakni lunsa, n., the world; the earth; the

dark world, contrasted with heaven,
yakni labeta, n., a marsh,
yakni matali, n., a plain; level ground,

Luke 6: 17; Josh. 4: 13.
yakni moma, n., the world, John 4: 42;

the whole earth, Josh. 3: 13.

yakni nanih foka, 11., a hill country,

Luke 1 : 39.
yakni niachi, v. t., to fertilize; to enrich

land; to manure land,
yakni nushkobo, n., a peninsula,
yakni okhata chito pit shamali, n., a.

cape; land that extends into the sea.
yakni okpulo, n., bad land; a bad

country.

yakni patafa, pp., furrowed land; fal
lowed land,
yakni patafa isht lapushkichi, n., a

harrow.

yakni pataiya, n., flat land,
yakni patali, n., a plain; Josh. 3: 16;

12:3.
yakni pataffi., v. t., to fallow; to furrow;

to plow.

yakni pataffi, n., a plowman,
yakni patassa, n., a flat; flat land,
yakni pattasachi iskitini, n., a plat,
yakni patussachi, n., a plain,
yakni pisat anya, v. t. , to spy.
yakni pota, v. t., to take land by a

lease.

yakni pota, n., a tenant; a lessee.
yakni pota, n., a lease,
yakni shila, n., the earth; the dry

ground.

yakni winakachi, n., an earthquake,
yakohmi, see yakomi.
yakohmi, a., being after this fashion,

way, manner, or custom; being thus;

this sort; these, Matt. 18: 6. Perhaps

this word is compounded of yak and

oJuni.
yakohmi, v. n., to be thus; to be so; to

be on this wise; to come to pass; atiik-

on yakohmitok, and it came to pass,

Matt. 7: 28.
yakohmi, v. a. i., to do so; as eyakohmi,

we do so; to come to pass, Josh. 1: 1;

2: 5; ilqppa yakohmi na, Acts 16: 18;

yakohonmi, Josh. 6: 3.
yakohmi, pp., done so.
yakohmi, adv., thus; so; na yimmichinto

yakohmi ka akapesoshke, I have not seen

so great faith in, pro. form, Matt. 8: 10.
yakohmichi, v. t., to do after this man
ner, Matt. 6: 9; 8: 9; to do it thus,

Mark 2: 7; 11: 28; "so," Matt. 5: 12;

yakohmiechi pro. form; yakomihinchi

freq. form.

BTINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

369

yakohmika, n., this way; this fashion;

this place.

yakohmika kon, "this is the cause,"
Josh. 5: 4.

yakoke, int., expressing thanks or
pleasure, when spoken quickly.

yakoke, int. of regret, when spoken
slowly.

yakoke ahni, v. a. i., to thank; to feel
thankful; yakoke chimaiahnilishke, Matt.
11:25.

yakolush, n., an earthen jug; same as
lukfi kotoba; see yaklash.

yakomi, yakohmi, pro. pi., these; sev
eral; these here; hatak yakohmi, these
men, Acts 16: 17; yakohmi kakoke, "are
these," Matt. 10: 2; na yakohmi, these
things. Matt. 11: 25.

yakosi, n., a short time.

yakosi, adv., instantly.

yakosi itintakla, adv., suddenly, Luke
2: 13.

yakosi ititakla, a., instantaneous; mo
mentary; sudden.

yakosi ititakla, adv., anon; immedi
ately; forthwith.

yakosi ititakla, yakosi itintakla, n.,
a moment of time, Luke- 4: 5; an in
stant; a moment; a second.

yakot, see yak.

yalabli, v. t. , to do this.

yalallaha, yalalloha, n., a quagmire;
see lukchuk yalallaha.

yalatha, v. a. i., to tremble or quiver;
as meat just after being killed, and
while it is butchered.

yalatha, 11. , a spasm or quivering of the
flesh; a local quivering or twitching of
the flesh.

yalattakachi, v. a. i. pi., to quiver; to
twitch.

yalattakachi, n. pi., spasms; quiverings.

yalubba, yaloba, n., a tadpole; a pol-
liwog; a young frog.

yaluns, haluns, n., a leech; a blood
sucker; see yasunla.

yaluns chito, n., the horse-leech.

yamaska, v. t., to knead; to work over
mortar, clay, etc.

yamasli, v. t., to knead; to work over
mortar, clay, etc.

yananta, v. n., to run along, as clouds
or water.

yananta, n., a running; a flying.
S4:;:;u° — lUiii. 4<;- ir, -:M

yanalli, a., running; flowing; oka yanalli,
running water; iki/anallo, a., stagnant.

yanalli, v. a. i., to run, as water; to flow;
to glide; to pour; to go; to rill; to
stream; to trickle; to trill; oka yat
yanalli; yanahanli, freq. form.

yanalli, n., a current of water; a flux; a
run; a stream; a tide.

yanallichi, v. t., to cause to run.

yanalli t issa, v. a. i., to stagnate; to stop
running.

yanha, yanha, v. a. i., to have a fever.

yanha, n., a fever.

yano, yano (see ano, hano), the, Matt.
13: 48.

yanusi, nan anusi (q. v. ), a cry for the
dead; obsequies.

yanushkichi, Oh. Sp. Book, p. 60.

yasinti, iasinti, n., an eel.

yasunla, n., a leech (Sixtowns dialect).
[The best informed Sixtowns Indians
have informed me that Hasunlawi, the
Choctaw original from which the name
of Sooenlovie creek has been corrupted,
is itself a corruption of yasunlabi, mean
ing leech-killer. On d'Anville's map
of 1732 the name Sonlahoue is applied
to the Chickasahay river; later it was
transferred or restricted to the present
stream so called. — H. S. H.] See yaluns.

yash, yashke (see ash and hash); ohoyo
himita ya*h, the damsel; Matt. 14: 11;
yasho; yashosli, Matt. 5: 25; leplosi yash~
osh, his said leprosy, Matt. 8: 3.

Yashu, 11., name of a creek; perhaps from
iahashon.

yatapa, v. a. i., to open wider, like a
hole in the flesh; used by butchers in
stretching up a carcass by the ham
strings, which open, etc.

yatabli, v. t., to widen.

yatosh, see hatosh.

yatoshba, see hatoshba.

yatotoa, a., mellow, like ripe fruit.

yatotoa, v. n., to be mellow.

yattotunkachi, a., soft; yatokachi.

yattotunkachi, v. 11., to be soft.

yatuk (see atuk, hatufyj yatukokano, the,
Matt, 8: 12; yaliika", Josh. 4: 18; yattik-
ma, the, Matt. 13: 34; yatiikmat, the;
chuka yatuk mat, the house, Matt. 10: 13.

yatush, adv., alias; otherwise; sint't,
yatnsh Setan sinti holba ashosh, If an lin-

370

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4 6

anumpulityakimachitok;see Scrip. Biog.,
Vol. I, p. 31; see atush.

yatushki, a., soft; mellow, like ripe
peaches.

yatushki, v. n., to be soft; v. a. i., to
mellow.

yatushkichi, v. t., to soften; to make
mellow; to mellow.

yatushkoa, a. pi., soft; mellow.

yatushkoa, v. n., to be soft.

yatushkuli, v. t. pi., to soften; to mel
low.

yau, adv., yes; yea; you, chitokaka ma,
Matt. 9: 28; 13: 51; some persons say
yoh, but it is not in the best taste.

yauaha, a., wide apart, as rows of corn;
coarse, as the teeth of a comb or rake.

yauaha, v. n., to be wide apart.

yauahachi, v. t., to place wide apart.

yauasha, see yauashka.

yaualli, a., partly dry, like the earth.

yaualli, v. n., to be partly dry; yakni at
yaualli, tanchi at yaualli, na foka yqt
yaualli.

yauashka, yauaska, yauasha, n., the
withers of a horse.

yauinyaui, v. a. i. , to be dim sighted; san-
ishkln at yauinyaui, as though crooked
hairs or kinked threads were played
before the eye; to be misty, hardly
visible.

yauolichi, v. a. i., to itch.

yauolichi, n., an itching, 2 Tim. 4: 3.

yanwa, v. a. i., to cry; to mew; to cater
waul, as a cat; to waul.

yanwa, n., a mewing.

yanya, n., a mourner; hatak yanya, a
mourning man.

yafimpa, v. a. i., to be wrinkled or
streaked, as the flesh; to be ribbed;
yqftHiinya, yqffihinkqchi, and yaffifonah,
pi., wrinkled; striped, as the flesh
which has lain on hard objects.

yahmichi (not yohmichi), v. t., to cause
it to be so.

yala, n., a grub worm; a large yellow dirt
worm, short and thick.

yalhki, n., feces; dung, 2 Kings 9: 37;
dross of metals; ordure; excrements;
scoria; i^i/cilliki, smut; rust, a disease of
grain, as tanchi in>jqllik'i, onush inijqlhki.

yamichahe keyu, a., impracticable; in
capable; ikyqmicho, \. t., to omit; to
neglect.

yamichi, n., a doer; a performer; ikyam-
micho, n., a neglecter; an omission; a
neglect; negligence.

yamichi, n., a performance; ayamihinchi,
Matt. 11: 20; ilayqmihchitok, we have
done, Matt. 7: 22; 8: 9.

yamihchi, yammichi, v. t., to do, Matt.
13: 54, 58; 17: 12; 2 Sam. 24: 10; Luke
4: 2; to fashion; to occasion; to per
form; to perpetrate; to transact, Matt.
6: 30; Josh. 8: 8; nana kia yammichq
hinla, able to do anything; yqmmiht,
contracted form.

yamihchi, caus. form of yohmi, Matt.
13: 28; aiyamihchi, to do, Josh. 3: 5.

yamimma, see yammhnma.

yamma, pro., that; those; them; these;
they; it, Matt. 8: 10; his, Matt. 8: 14;
him, Matt. 10: 4; them, Matt. 12: 27;
pro., he, 2 Kings 25: 1; they, 2 Kings
25: 23; them, 2 Kings 25: 24; nitak
yamma, that day, Matt. 7: 22; yamma,
he, Matt. 11: 18; him, Matt. 14: 5;
yamma, is a demonstrative of person,
thing, and place; yamma refers to the
most distant objects and ilqppa to the
nearest; yamma, "he," Josh. 8: 14;
" it," Josh. 8: 18. This demonstrative
often supplies the place of the def.
article and of the pronouns he, she, it,
they, them, their; yamma haklo kat,
heard it, Matt. 8: 10; yamma tekchi, his
wife, Matt. 8: 14; yamma puttaka, them,
Matt. 10: 18.

yamma, v. n., to be that; to be those.

yamma, the; yakni yamma, the country,
Josh. 7: 2.

yamma, there; yonder; that way; there
at; that place; yon; yond.

yamma, that is it; a word of approba
tion often used by Choctaw while they
sit and hear others speak; like, well;
indeed.

yamma achi, v. a. i., to assent; to ap
prove.

yamma itintakla, adv., thenceforth.

yammak, they, Matt. 6: 2; a simple word
like ilqppak, hlmak, Idmmak.

yammak, there; then; that instant, Luke
2: 38.

yammak achi, to say, Luke 13: 17.

yammak ash, them, Matt. 4: 24; cltuka
yammakash, that house, Matt. 7: 25;
him, Matt. 9: 10; 17: 3; that, Matt. 10: 27.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

371

yammak ashon, thence, Matt. 9:9; him,
Matt. 8: 34; 9: 9.

yammak ashosh, she, Matt. 8: 15; he,
Matt. 12: 3.

yammak ashot, he, Matt. 8: 24.

yammak atuk an, thence, Matt. 5: 26.

yammak atuk an, thereof, Matt. 12: 36.

yammak atuk makon, n., sake; for the
sake of that.

yammak beka, a., only; only that.

yammak foka, adv., thereabouts, as to
time or place.

yammak fokalechi, v. a. i., to go or do
at random, by hazard, or by chance;
Jiimak fokalechi (q. v.), to venture;
yammak fokalechit anumpuli, he talks at
random; yammak fokalechit ia, he goes
without a path or guide; yammak fok
alechit ia hash ajnssant ona, he went
straight there without path or guide.

yammak fokali, a., hazardous; venture
some.

yammak fokali, v. n., to be hazardous;
yammak fokalit any a, to go at random;

yammak haloka, a word of contempt or
reproach; see makhaloka.

yammak in, same as; thus; so, John 3: 8.

yammak inli, a., the same, Luke 2:8;
themselves; even, Matt. 7: 17; "that
same," Matt. 10: 19; 13: 1, 49; 15: 22.

yammak int, the same.

yammak kia, likewise; that too.

yammak ma, him also, 2 Kings 9: 27.

yammak o, at; therein; that; thereby;
whereby; wherein; whereof.

yammak on? is it that? is it so? is it
now (i. e., ready), etc.?

yammak oka, it, Matt. 7: 14; there,
Matt. 8: 12; them, Matt. 10: 26; yam
mak okato.

yammak okmato, then, Matt. 12: 29.

yammak osh, that one; which, Matt.
10: 20.

yammano, that, Luke 10: 31.

yammaska, pp., kneaded; mixed; work
ed, as mortar.

yammaska, n., dough.

yammat, a., that.

yammato, yammato, that one.

yammi, a., full.

yammi, pp., salted; sated; saturated;
sweetened; impregnated; cloyed, Mark
9: 49; haknip at okahomi yammi; kaft at

hapi champuli yammi; oka homi saiammi,
I am full of whisky.

yammichi, v. t., to salt; to sweeten; to
mix; to cloy; to saturate; to sate; to
satiate; to impregnate; to preserve, as
meat with salt; 'itiqmmicJii, to blend;
to mix.

yammichi, see yamihchi.

yammimma, yamimma, (from yamma
and imma), adv., that way, John 7: 32;
Luke 19: 4.

yamohma hinla, a., practicable; prac
tical.

yamohmahe alhpesa, a., necessary, or
it must be so.

yamohmahe alhpesachi, v. t., to ne
cessitate.

yamohmahe alhpiesa, n., necessity.

yamohmahe keyu, a., impracticable;
yamohmi, from yamma and ohmi; chin-
yamohmahe keyu, shall not be unto thee,
Matt. 16: 22.

yamohmi, v. a. i., v. t, to do, Matt. 4:
1; 7: 12, 21; John 2: 18; 3:2; Luke 4: 23;
ayamohmij do there, Matt. 6: 2; to be,
John 3: 9; to occur; to operate; to pass;
to practice; to transpire; to come to
pass; to take effect; to be done; Matt.
1: 23; yamohomi, to work, Acts 10: 35;
aiyamohmi, Josh. 4: 8; 7: 20; yamoJimi-
chatuk, accustomed to do so.

yamohmi, adv., so as; so on; like that.

yamohmi, n., an operator; a practicer.

yamohmi, n., a fashion; a way; a mode;
an event; a manner; an operation; a
practice; the ton; the treatment.

yamohmi ho, wherefore; whereupon.

yamohmi hoka, therefore; whereas;
whereat.

yamohmi kako, thereupon.

yamohmikia, but, Luke 4: 26.

yamohmikma, and; moreover; further
more.

yamohmima, and so, Luke 4: 5.

yanakachi, v. a. i., to move, as a serpent.

yanha, yanha, yahna, v. n., to have a
fever; to be sick, Matt. 8: 14.

yanha, n., a fever; a hectic; yanha kat,
'the fever, Matt. 8: 15.

yanha chito, n., a high fever; a bilious
fever.

yanha chohmi, a., feverish.

yanha fehna, n., a great fever, Luke
4: 38.

372

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

yanha foka, n., an inflammation.

yanha isht shipachi ikhinsh, n., a feb
rifuge.

yanhachi, v. t., to produce a fever; to
cause a fever; to heat; to induce a
fever; ayanfiachi, to produce a fever
thereby.

yannash, n., a buffalo; a bison.

yannash hakshup, n., a buffalo skin;
a buffalo robe.

yannash inlukfapa, n., a buffalo lick.

yannash ushi, n., a buffalo calf; a
young buffalo.

yannash ushi cheli, v. t., to calve; to
bring forth a young buffalo.

yano, see yano.

yanoba, a., feverish.

yanoba, v. n., to be feverish.

yappalli, to walk slowly and softly, not
with u hard tread, I Sam. 15: 32.

yaslichi, v. t., to scratch, as a dog for an
animal in the ground.

yat, the; who, etc.; Jfatak ushi yat, "the
Son of Man," it I achukma yat, a good
tree, Matt. 7: 18; ani yat okpulo yon,
evil fruit, Matt. 7: 17.

yato; inlaka yato, others.

yichefa, pp., gripped; held by the hand
or claws.

yicheli, yicholi, v. t. pi., to catch with
the hands, lingers, or claws and have a
strong hold.

yichiffi, v. t,, to catch, seize, grip, or
grasp, with the hand, claws, paws
talons, etc., but not strongly; to grap
ple; to pounce; ylcldffit ittht kanchi, to
catch away, Matt. 13: 19.

yichiffi, u., a catcher; a grasper.

yichiffichi, \ . t., to cause- to seize; to en-
grasp; to grapple; to grasp.

yichifnt ishi, v. t., to clinch; to seize
and hold, or take; to clutch; to grab;
to grip.

yichina, v. a. i., to stretch the limbs; to
yawn; to exert; to flounce; to flounder;
to strain; to struggle; to toil.

yichina, n., a strain; a struggle.

yichinachi, yichinachi, v. a. i., to strain;
to cause to exert all the powers.

yichinnikahchih, v. a. i., to make a sud
den and strong effort.

yicholi, see yicheli.

yichowa, pp., seized; caught; grappled;
held.

yihina, a., gaunt.

yihina, v. n., to be gaunt.

yikefa, pp., taken hold of and drawn off.

yikiffi, v. t., to catch hold of the skin
and draw it up or off from the flesh, as
when one pinches and pulls the cheeks,
or the skin on a dog's back; ipaf
an yikiffi.

yikila, pp., stitched.

yikila, n., selvage.

yikilachi, v. t. , to make a selvage.

yikili, v. t., to stitch.

yikili, n. , a stitcher.

yikilichi, v. t., to stitch or to cause to
stitch.

yikkowa, yikowa, yikyua, v. a. i. (pi.
of yinyild), to wrinkle; yikyuachi, in
panshi aiena ka yikyuachi, 1 Tim. 2: 9.

yikkowa, pp., wrinkled.

yikkowa, n., a wrinkle; a line.

yikoa, v. a. i., to go to a bee or frolic;
to collect together and work gratui
tously for some person; ifikoat ilia.

yikoa, n., a bee; a frolic.

yikofa, pp., wrinkled.

yikoffa, n., a gnat.

yikoha, pp., girdled or wrinkled.

yikokoa, yikokunwa, pp., wrinkled;
crisped; nafoka yat yikokunwa.

yikokunwa, n., wrinkles.

yikoli, v. t., to girdle a tree; to wrinkle;
to make a ridge or wrinkle; to en
girdle; to crisp.

yikolichi, v. t., to cause to wrinkle.

yikopa, see >/okoj>a.

yikota, pp., crisped; wrinkled; puckered
up; shriveled.

yikota, v. a. i., to wrinkle; to crisp; to
shrink; to shrivel.

yikotachi, v. t., to wrinkle; to cause to
wrinkle; to crisp.

yikottakachi, n., a start; a crisp.

yikotua, v. a. i. pi., to wrinkle; to crisp.

yikotua, pp., wrinkled; crisped.

yikotua, n.. wrinkles; crisps.

yikowa, yikkowa, yikyua; yikynaclti.
to broider (hair), 1 Tim. 2: 9; to curl
hair.

yikowachi, v. t., to wrinkle.

yikulli, v. t,, to wrinkle; to pucker up,
as by putting lire on leather; to shrivel.

yikutkachi, v. a. i. pi., to shrink; to
crisp.

yikutkachi, pp. pi., shrunk; crisped.

BYINOTOK]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

373

yikyua, see yikkowa, yikowa.

yileha, a., fallen, as trees.

yilepa, n., a rout.

yilepa, v. a. i. pi. (see yilibli, transitive,
Josh. 7: 22), to run; to move, or pass
quickly, on the feet, on wheels, or on
water; to course; to rush; to scamper;
to flee, 1 Sam. 4: 10; onyilepa, to storm;
to run upon, Josh. 8: 20; inyilepa, to
flee from them, Josh. 7:4; 8:6, 20; yi
lepa fehnat, ran violently, etc., Matt.
8: 32; yilepat, fled, etc, i. e., together
and not singly, Matt. 8: 33; itinyilepa,
to run from each other.

yilepachi, v. t., to cause to run.

yilepoa, pi., to run.

yilepoachi, v. t., to cause to run.

yilibli, v. t. pi., to run; to rout; to sail;
to cause them to run or to sail; peni
yilibli; iti chanalli an yilibli; isuba han
yilibli; see yilepa, v. a. i.

yilishachi, v. a. i., to dodge; to be quick
in motion, applied to the heart also; to
start from a fright, or it may be an ex
clamation of surprise or fear.

yiliya, v. a. i., to start; to tremble; to
struggle, like a dying beast.

yiminta, n., a sally.

yiminta, yimmita, yimita, a., pp., ani
mated; strenuous; zealous; lively; earn
est; engaged; aroused; spirited.

yiminta, v. n., to be animated.

yiminta, v. a. i., to cheer.

yiminta, n., animation; courage; excite
ment.

yiminta atapa, n., enthusiasm.

yiminta atapa, a., enthusiastic.

yiminta keyu, a., spiritless.

yimintachi, yimmitachi, v. t., to stimu
late; to cheer; to encourage; to enliven;
to rear; to hearten; to embolden; to in
spirit; to invigorate; to refresh; to
rouse; to spirit; to stimulate; to
strengthen.

yimita, see yiminta, yimmita.

yimmahe alhpesa, a., credible; fayim-
make keyu, a., incredible.

yirnrni, inyimmi, v. a. i., to believe,
Matt. 11: 14; to have confidence; to
confide; to credit; to receive; to rely;
to repose; to trust; ikyiimno, ikiyimmo,
v. t., to disbelieve; not to believe; to
distrust; to be faithless; to misgive; to
scruple; to unbelieve; a., faithless; in

fidel; skeptical; 'iliyimmi, to believe in
himself; iliyimmi, a., opinionated.

yimmi, v. n., to be convinced; s<ty!m-
mi, I am convinced.

yimmi, pp., cheated; deceived; fooled;
convinced; credited; deluded; gulled.

yimmi, a., confident; sanguine.

yimmi, n., belief; a believer; a fiduci
ary; chiyimmi, thy faith, Matt, i): 22;
na yimmi, a believer, Matt. 6: 30; in-
yimmi, credit; reliance; trust; ikyint-
mo, unbelief; an unbeliever; a skeptic.

yimmi shall, a., credulous.

yimmichi, v. t., to cause to believe,
whether true or false; to deceive; to be
fool; to cheat; to cog; to convince; to
delude; to disappoint; to dupe; to fool;
to gull; to mock; to sham; to wheedle.

yimmichi, n., a cheat; a cheater; a de
ceiver; a deluder.

yimmihechi, v. t. , to cause to believe.

yimmita, yiminta, pp., stimulated;
excited; enlivened; inspirited; invigo
rated; refreshed; vivified.

yinyikechi, v. t., to crook; to twist; to
cockle, as cloth; to curl; to furrow;
to ruffle; to rumple; to wrinkle.

yinyiki, yiyinki, a., pp., crooked, curling,
worming; zigzag; twisting; cockled;
curled; furrowed; rumpled; ruffled;
wrinkled; winding and crooked like
the ridge of a hill.

yinyiki, v. n., to be crooked, curling,
winding, like a dividing ridge.

yinyiki, v. a. i., to cockle, as cloth; to
curl; to ruffle; to wrinkle.

yinyiki, n., a furrow; a ruffle; a wrinkle.

yo,yon, art., the, see o and/;o; chula yon,
"an house," Matt. 10: 12; yo it the
form in the imperative, as akaiyd,
"do let me go," making yo the helping
verb do; i/o, rel. pro., who, etc.; ani
okpuloyon, Matt. 7: 18; nanih chaha yon,
a mountain, Matt. 17: 1. Compounds:
yocha — yoka — yokaka — yokakano — yoka-
kant — yokakanto — yokakat — yokakato —
yokakhe — yokakJieno — yokakhet — yokak-
heto — yokakkia — yokakon — yokakocha —
yokakona — yokakosh — yokakot — yokano,
yokano, Matt. 11: 22; into, yokano, Matt.
15: 24; yokat; anoyokat, for I am, Matt.
8: 9, yokato; iti okpulo yokato, Matt. 7:
17; distinctive, as for the corrupt tree,
in distinction from other trees; ahopo-

374

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

yuksa yokato, wisdom, Matt. 11: 19; 17:

26 — yoke — yokia, yohkia — yokomo — yo-

kono — yona — yosh — yot.
yoba, perhaps; can, John 3: 27 [?]; lest;

perad venture; perchance; yoba hinla

kd, Mark 11: 13; Josh. 9: 7; mintahe

mak yoba tukosJi, Luke 10: 31.
yoba, v. n., it may be.
yobaheto, perhaps not.
yobakma, if it may be, Josh. 14: 12; hi-

obakma, if it shall, etc., Matt. 18: 13.
yobana, lest, Josh. 2: 16; 2 Tim. 2: 25.
yobota, v. a. i., to fly, as the clouds; see

yabata.
yohabli, yuhabli, yuhapli, v. t., to

slacken; to loosen; to relax,
yohablichi, v. t., to cause to slack; to

loosen,
yohapa, yuhapa, v. a. i., to loosen; to

slack; to slacken; to stretch,
yohapa, yuhapa, pp., a., loosened;

slackened; lax; slack; stretched, as a

rope.

yohapa, n., slackness.
yohapachi, v. a. i., to lope,
yohapat, adv., slackly.
yohapoa, v. a. i. pi., to loosen,
yohapoa, pp., loosened.
yohapoli, v. t., to slacken them,
yohbi, a., mild; serene; pleasant; fine;

halcyon; lenient; meek; pacific; pure;

urbane.

yohbi, v. n. , to be mild, serene, or pleasant,
yohbi, v. a. i., to relent.
yohbi,n., mildness; lenity; pureness; pur
ity; refinement; sanctity; serenity;

stillness; suavity,
yohbi, pp., sanctified,
yohbi keyu, a. , relentless.
yohbichi, yohbiechi, v. t., to make it

mild; to render pleasant; to pacify; to

refine; to sanctify.

yohbichi, n., a sanctifier; sanctification.
yohhuna, a., gaunt,
yohhuna, v. n., to be gaunt,
yohhunachi, v. t., to make gaunt,
yohnia himma keyu, a., impossible.
yohma hinla, a., possible,
yohmahe ahoba keyu, a., improbable,
yohmahe keyu, a., incapable,
yohmi, v. t. ; nana achukma ka yohmi, to

do good things,
yohmi, yuhmi, a., so; this way; after

such a way; such, Matt. 9: 8; such

power; ikyuhmo, unaccustomed; un
common.

yohmi, adv., thus.

yohmi, v. n., to be so; sayohmi chatuk,
to do so, Matt. 9: 19; ikyuhmi ahni, v. t.,
to concede; yuhmikeyu achi, v. t., to con
tradict; to deny that it is so.

yohmi, v. a. i., to do so, John 4: 28;
Luke 6: 46; ayohmi, to do, Matt. 12: 2;
ayohmi, to do so there or in, Matt. 6: 10;
aiyolimi, Josh. 2: 21.

yohmi, n., a custom; afashion; amanner;
a way; yohmi hohbeka, Luke 4: 16.

yohmi aialhpesa, v. a. i., to become; to
fit; to suit.

yohmi alhpesa, v. a. i., must.

yohmi chatuk keyu, a., unnatural; un
wonted.

yohmi fehna keyu, a., unusual.

yohmi hoka, therefore, Matt. 7: 24; 12:
27; 13: 18.

yohmi hokmano, then, Matt. 20: 23[?].

yohmi hokmat, if so be, Matt. 18: 13.

yohmi ka, therefore, Luke 4:7; for, Luke
4: 10.

yohmi kat, therefore.

yohmi kia, adv., notwithstanding, 2
Sam. 24: 4; although; although it is so;
and; but, John 1: 33; howbeit; never
theless; Matt. 10: 19; 13: 32; 2 Sam.
24: 3.

yohmi nana kia, notwithstanding, Matt.
11: 11.

yohmima, and; then; when it was so,
Luke 3: 11, 12; therefore, John 4: 33;
yohmikma, "and then;" and; Matt. 7:
23, 26; then, Matt. 13: 19.

yohmima t, and.

yohmit itintakla, n., an instant; while
it was so.

yohmit pisa, v. t., to experiment; to try
to do so.

yok, seeo£. Compounds: yoke; yaknihaia-
katjoke, Matt. 14: 15; yoknia; opiakayok-
ma, when it is evening, Matt. 16: 2;
yokmd; cJtuka yokmd, or house; inki
yokmd, or father; ishki yokmd, or mother,
Matt. 10:14; ushi yokmd, or son; ushetik
okmd, or daughter, Matt. 10: 37 — yok-
maka — yoktnakano — yokmakato — yok-
makhe — yokmakheno — yokmakheto — yok-
mako, yokmakoh; abeka yokmakoh chatuk
oke, they that are sick, Matt. 9: 12;
yokmakocha — yokmakoka — yokmakoka-

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

375

no — yokmakoke — yokmakokia — yokma-

kokat — yokmakokqto — yokmakona — yok-

makosh — yokmakot — yokmano — yak-
mat — yokmato.
yokbano, see hokbano.
yokopa, yikopa, n., a calm; a pause;

quietness; yokopa aianlit lalaia tok,

there was a great calm, Matt. 8 : 26.
yokopa, yikopa, v. a. i., to grow quiet;

to calm; to cease, Matt. 14: 32; to stop;

to halt; to pause; to relax; to relent;

to remit; to rest; to be stayed, 2 Sam.

24: 21, 25.
yokopa, pp., quieted; calmed; ceased;

stopped; assuaged; quelled; quenched;

relaxed.

yokopa, a., placid; quiet.
yokopa iksho, a., relentless.
yokopacha hinla, yikopacha hinla, a.,

quenchable.
yokopachi, yikopachi, v. t, to quiet; to

calm; to ease; to assuage; to quell; to

quench; to relax; to remit.
yokopuli, yikopali, v. t., to allay; to

appease; to quiet,
yolulli, see yululli.
yopisa, v. a. i., to witness a sport or

play; to juggle.
yopisa, n., a spectator of plays or sports;

a looker-on; a bystander,
yopisa, n., an exhibition,
yopisachi, v. t., to display; v. a. i., to

juggle; to show.

yopoma, Gen. 34: 17; opoma, to mock,
yopula, a., jocose; jocular; ludicrous,
yopula, v. a. i., to joke; to jest; to wan
ton; to revile, Matt. 5: 11; isht yopula,

v. t. , to jeer; to joke, Matt. 9: 24; yopula-

li, I joke.

yopula, n., a jester; a joker,
yopula, n., irony; a jest; a joke.
yopula shali, a., facetious; jocular; jovial;

wanton.

yopula shali, n., a zany,
yopullachi, cans, form; itayopullachi, to

talk about committing sodomy.
yopunla; yopunla keyu, a., earnest; not

in a joke.
yosh, art., a, lipsoli obi yosh, a leper,

Matt. 8: 2; used with nouns, while hosh

is used with verbs chiefly,
yoshoba, yoshuba, a., lost; out of the

way; gone astray; sinful; evil; wicked;

guilty; ill; immoral; iniquitous; repro
bate; vicious; wanton, Matt. 18:12, 13.

yoshoba, v. n., to be lost; to be in the
wrong.

yoshoba, v. a. i., to go out of the way;
to sin; to deviate; to err; to fall; to lose
the right way; to miss; to stray; to
stumble; to swerve; to trespass.

yoshoba, n., a sin; an error; folly; guilt;
harm; illness; impiety; iniquity; sin-
fulness; a transgression; a trespass; un-
cleanness.

yoshoba, n., an offender; a sinner; a
wanderer; a straggler; a trespasser.

yoshoba, pp., lost; misled; misguided;
perverted.

yoshoba hinla, a., peccable.

yoshoba keyu, a., innocent.

yoshobatokkia nukhanklo keyu, a.,
impenitent.

yoshobahe keyu, a., impeccable.

yoshobbi, yoshubi, v. t., to mislead; to
lead out of the way; to lead into sin;
to misguide; to offend; to pervert; to
stumble.

yoshobbi, n., one who misleads; a per-
verter; one who offends or leads
astray; no. yoshubi, "that offends,"
Matt. 13: 41; na yoshubli, n., a de
ceiver, 2 John 1:7.

yoshobiksho, a., sinless.

yoshobli, v. t., to lead out of the way;
to cause to err; to misguide, 1 Sam. 2:
24; to deceive, 2 John 1: 7.

yoshobli, n., one who misleads; a de
ceiver.

yoshoblichi, v. a. i., to deceive, Matt.
24: 4.

yuala, yuwala, 11., disgust; contempt;
inyuwala, contempt for it.

yuala, yuwala, a., nauseous; disgusting;
sickening to the stomach; hateful;
odious; fulsome; obscene; offensive.

yuala, pp., shocked.

yuala, yuwala, v. n., to be nauseous; to
have a sick stomach; to be sick at the
stomach.

yuala, v. a. i., to glut; to loathe; to
nauseate.

yuala, n., a loather.

yuala hinla, a., loathsome; loathful.

yuala shali, a., squeamish.

yualachi, v. t., to cause sickness at the
stomach; to render nauseous, disgust-

376

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

I BULL. 4 6

ing, etc.; to nauseate; ynmtlarhi, n., an
abomination; n<tn ashacJd yuwalachi, 1
Kings 11: 5, 7.

yuha, v. a. i., to run through a .sifter,
riddle, etc.

yuha, pp., sifted; riddled; bolted; gar
bled.

yuhapa, a., boisterous; noisy; Beeyahapa.

yuhapa, v. n., to be boisterous; noisy,
yuhcipoa; yuhapoli.

yuhapa, n., a noise.

yuhabli, yuhapli, see yohabli.

yuhchashali, v. a. i., to stand up like
the hair, or the feathers of a horned
owl, or a plume.

yuhchonoli, v. a. i., to bow the head; to
hold the head down; yuhchonolimat
•illitok, he bowed his head and died.

yuhchunni, v. a. i. sing., to bow the
head; to nod, John 13: 24; yuhchun-
nolih.

yuhchunukli, v. a. i., to bow the head
once, a single sudden act; v. t., inyu-
chunukli, to beckon to him, Luke 1 : 22;
aka yuhchunnklimat fiopissatok, John
19: 30.

yuhe, n., a large hickory nut.

yuka, a., captivated; bond-bound, Josh.
9: 23; -ikyuko, free.

yuka, pp., captured; enslaved; impris
oned; constrained; taken; enchained;
subjected.

yuka, n., a captive; a prisoner; a slave;
a bondman; a vassal.

yuka, n., confinement; custody; thrall;
thraldom.

yuka ahalaia, a., slavish.

yuka anta, n., captivity; in bonds; in
chains; in bondage.

yuka ansha, n., servitude; bondage; vas
salage.

yuka atta, a., slaveborn.

yuka chohmi, a., servile.

yuka hatak, n., a bondman.

yuka issa, n., a ransom; a release.

yuka issa, pp., freed; emancipated; lib
erated; enfranchised; manumitted; re
leased.

yuka issachi, pp., liberated.

yuka issachi, v. t., to free; toemancipate;
to liberate; to enfranchise; to manumit;
to release; to unchain.

yuka issachi, n.,an emancipator; a liber
ator; a manumitter; an abolitionist.

yuka issachi, n., emancipation; manu
mission.

yuka keyu, a., free; not bound.

yuka keyu, n., freedom; liberty.

yuka keyut atta, a. , freeborn.

yuka kucha, pp., emancipated ; liberated.

yuka minka, n., a fellow-servant; fellow-
servants.

yuka ohoyo, n., a bond woman; a bond
maid.

yuka okla, n. , an enslaved people ; a tribu
tary people.

yuka tonksali, n., a bond servant.

yukabi, a., moistened; softened by being
wet.

yukachi, v. t., to capture; to enslave; to
imprison; to take captive; to take; to
deprive of liberty; to hold as a pris
oner; to constrain; to pen a wrild crea
ture or other animal and then catch
him; to enchain; to subject; to sub
jugate; yanash, isuba, shukha nukshopa
yukachi.

yukachi, n., a captor; an enslaver.

yukachit halanli, yukachit inshi, n.,
a hostage.

yukahbi, v. a. i., to soften; to become
soft and pliable.

yukat ansha, n., bondage.

yukbabi, n., the venereal disease; the
pox ; see luak shali,

yukoma, yupoma, v. t., to waste; to
squander; to spend; nan islit yuponw,
to waste food about it, or him.

yukpa, v. a. i. , to laugh ; yukpaH, yukpacJti;
yokpa, glad; yokpaJli, yokpachi (some
interpreters make these distinctions
between yokpa and i/ukpa) .

yukpa, a., glad; pleased; happy; joyful;
gay; merry; pleasant; good-humored;
good-natured; buxom; blithe; blessed;
gratified; amused; halcyon; amiable;
complacent; delighted; delightful; fa
cetious; joyous; jocund; lightsome;
lively; merry; well-natured; yuppa,
Longtown form of this word; ikyukpo,
uncheerful; unhappy; unpleased.

yukpa, v. n., to be glad, pleased, etc.;
to ]>e of good cheer, Matt. 9: 2; chi-
yukpashke.

yukpa, pp., refreshed; regaled; rejoiced;
pleased, Matt. 3: 17; blessed, Matt. 11:
6; made happy; charmed; diverted;

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

377

elated; entertained; exhilarated; felici
tated; gratified; joyed; recreated.

yukpa, n., joy; gladness; good nature;
delight; a smile; laughter; complacency;
exultation; glee; good humor; hilarity;
a laugh; mirth; recreation; suavity.

yukpa, adv., fain; gladly.

yukpa, v. a. i., to smile; to laugh; to re
joice; to cheer; to chuckle; to delight;
to snicker; to suit; to titter; to twitter;
to exult; to giggle; to gladden; to
glory; to gratify; to joy; to simper;
to be pleased, Matt. 14: 6; ibaiyukpa,to
rejoice with, Luke 1: 58; itibaiyukpa,
to rejoice together with.

yukpa, n., a laugher.

yukpa atapa, pp., enraptured; enrav-
ished; a., rapturous.

yukpa hinla,a., placable; laughable; ris
ible.

yukpa shall, n., a giggler.

yukpa shall, a., jolly; ticklish.

yukpahe keyu, a., difficult; he wyill not
be pleased.

yukpalechi, v. t., to amuse; to make
glad; to gratify; to beatify; to please;
to gladden; to joy; ikyukpalecho, v. t.,
to disoblige.

yukpali, v. t., to gladden; to please; to
give pleasure; to gratify; to beatify; to
benefit; to amuse; to bless, 1 Sam. 2:20;
Josh. 8: 33; to make happy; to make
glad; to charm; to cheer; to delight; to
divert; to elate; to enrapture, to enrav-
ish; to entertain; to exalt; to exhila
rate; to feast; to feed; to felicitate; to
joy; to lighten; to oblige; to recre
ate; to refresh; to regale; to rejoin; to
sport; to suit; to transport; ileyukpali,
to please himself; ileyukpali, a., self-
pleasing; yukpali, to gladden; yukpali,
to make one laugh.

yukpali, n., a diverter; a pleaser.

yukpalit anumpuli, v. t., to bless, Josh.
14: 13.

yukpachi, v. t., to cause to laugh or
smile; see yukpa; issiyukpqchi, you
make me laugh; ikyukpacho, neg. form.

yulhkun, n., a mole.

yulhkun chit o , n. , the elephant. A name
given by some Choctaw. Others call
the elephant hat^ lusa inyqnash, the
African buffalo.

yulhpokona, see holhpokunna.

yullichi, v. a. i., to twitch or start, as the
nerves.

yululli, yolulli, v. a. i., to run under;
to go through, as a hole; to run through;
to run between; oji at liolihbt itintakla
yululli; hatakowqtta y at Choctaw yakniy an
yulullit itanowa; hatak at u.^ki <in yulullit
anya; aiyululli, \. t., to over run.

yululli, pp. , passed through ; put through,
as a thing is put through a long hole.

yulullichi, v. t., to cause to go through;
to run through a hole, as to run a string
through a hole; to drive through.

yulullit anya, v. a. i., to prowl; to worm
round.

yulullit anya, n. , a prowler.

yula, pp. , demolished; scattered about;
blown down, as a fence or the timbers
of a building; chuka yat yula, 2 Cor.
5: 1.

yula, n., destruction.

yuli, v. t., to throw over; to blow down;
to scatter; to demolish; yuli, Mark 12:
5; wak an yuli, holilda yan yuli.

yuli, n., a destroyer.

yuli, v. t., to sift; to bolt; to riddle; to
garble.

yulichi, v. a. i., to tremble and start,
like the flesh of a sick person.

yunlo, n., a whortleberry.

yumbak chito, n., a gopher.

yunna, pp., girdled.

yunni, v. t., to girdle.

yunushki, pp., girded.

yunushkichi, v. t. , to girdle.

yunyuki, a,, same as yinyiki, crooked.

yupechi, v. t., to bathe another; to cause
another to bathe.

yupi, v. a. i., to bathe in water; to wash
the body; to wallow in sand or mud;
to lave; to roll in water, mud, or sand;
to welter; allat yupi, shukha yat yupi,
akanka yat yupi, kofi at yupi.

yupi, n., one who bathes.

yupoma, see yukoma.

yustimeli, see yusJitimeli.

yustimmi, see yushtimmi.

yustololi, see yushtololi.

yushbokoli, a., having white hair; gray-
haired; yushbokushli, pi.

yushbokoii, v. n., to be gray-headed.

yushbokoli, n., white hair; gray hair.

378

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL.46

yushbokolichi, v. t., to cause the hair to

be gray.

yushbonoli, n., a ringlet; a tress.
yushbonoli, pp., curled; frizzled,
yushbonuli, a., having curled hair; yush-

bonuxhli, pi.

yushbonuli, v. n., to be curly headed,
yushbonuli, v. a. i., to curl,
yushbonulichi, v. t., to curl the hair; to

frizzle; yushbonushlichi, v. t. pi.
yushchunuli, v. a. i., to bow, Gen. 47: 31.
yushkabali, a., having the head shaved,

trimmed, or clipped; yushkabqshli, pi.
yushkabali, v. n., to be trimmed short

or close, as hair,
yushkabalichi, v. t., to trim close; to

clip the hair of the head; yushkabasJdi-

clii, pi.
yushkammi, v. a. i., to lust; to burn with

carnal desires; itaiyushkammi, to rut; to

lust for each other (applied to animals),
yushkammi, n., lust.
yushkilali, a., being partly bald, or hav
ing the hair cut close near the ears and

a ridge left on top of the head; yush-

kilashli, pi.

yushkilali, v. n., to be partly bald,
yushkilalichi, v. t., to trim the hair close

only in places; yusltkilqsldiclii, pi.
yushkoboli, a., trimmed short and made

round; rounded; chuf<tk yushkoboli, a

pin having a head; yushkobushli, pi.
yushkoboli, v. n., to be round-headed;

to l>e trimmed and made round,
yushkobolichi, yushkobushlichi, v. t.,

to trim round; to make round-headed;

to curtail,
yushkobolichi, to be boiled, as flax,

Ex. 9: 31.
yushkololi, a., short, referring to things,

not time or space; iti yushkololi, shiikha

yushkololi; yushkolushli, pi.
yushkololi, v. n., to be short.
yushkololi, pp., shortened.
yushkololichi, v. t., to make it short;

to make them short; to shorten; iti

«n yushkolushlichi, cut the wood short;

yushkolushlichi, pi.
yushkololichi, n., a shortener.

yushlatali, a., flat-headed,
yushlitalih, yushlitelih, a., round

headed,
yushmilali, a., bald; having the hair

very short; yushmilashli, pi.
yushmilali, pp., shorn,
yushmilali, v. n., to be bald,
yushmilali, n., baldness, in whole or in

part.

yushmilalichi, v. t., to produce bald
ness; to make bald; yushmilashlichi, pi.
yushmitoli, a., short, as a frock or petti
coat.
yushpakama, pp., bewitched, Rev. 18:

23; yushpakamoa, pi.
yushpakama, n., sorcery, Rev. 18: 23;
ikhinsli isht yushpakama, witchcraft,
Gal. 5: 20.

yushpakamoli, v. t. pi., to bewitch,
yushpakamolichi, v. t. pi. cans,
yushpakammi, v. t., to bewitch, Rev.
18: 23; 21: 8; to practice sorcery, Ex.
8: 7; nan isht yushpakammi, enchant
ments; yuslipakamoliv. t. pi.; yushjtaka-
molichi, v. t. pi. cans,
yushtimeli, yustimeli, a., dizzy; yushti-

mashli, pi.

yushtimeli, v. n., to be dizzy,
yushtimelichi, v. t., to make dizzy;

yushtimcishlichi, pi.
yushtimmi, yustimmi, a., dizzy,
yushtimmichi, v. t., to cause dizziness,
yushtololi, yustololi, a., short; brief;

pp., shortened; yushtolushli, pi.
yushtololi, v. n., to be short.
yushtololi, pp., shortened.
yushtololichi, v. t. , to shorten ; to make
brief; to contract; to scrimp; yustolmh-
lichi pi.
yushwichali, a., brushy; having the hair

spread out.

yushwichali, v. n., to be brushy.
yushwichalichi, v. t,, to make brushy.
yushwiheli, a., brushy; having the hair

spread out.

yushwiheli, v. n., to be brushy,
yushwihelichi, v. t., to render the hair
brushy.

ENGLISH-CHOCTAW INDEX

379

ENGLISH— CHOCTAW INDEX

(NOTE.— This index does not give the Choctaw equivalent of the English word but
shows where it may be found.)

a; achqfa, at, ho, on, yon

Abaddon, nan isht ahollo okpulo

abandon, to; issa, issachi

abandon, to cause to; aiissachechi

abandoned, aksho

abandoned place, aiissa

abase, to; dkanlusechi

abased, dkanlusi

abash, to; hofahyqchi, hofayali

abashed; hofahya, takshi

abate, to; habofa, haboffi, halata, hala-

lali, halqtkachi, shippa, shippqchechi,

shippqchi

abate, to cause to; shippqchechi
abate, to cause swellings to; habolichi
abated; habofa, haboli, halata, halatkaehi,

ship pa, shippqchi
abated, entirely; halatat taha
abatement, habofa
abatement of swellings, haboli
abba, inki

abdicate, to; issa, kucha
abdicated, issa
abdication, ma

abdomen; iffuka, ikfuka, ilhfoka, takoba
abet, to; apela
abettor, apelachi
abhor, to; isht ikfoahno, nukkilli,

shittilema
abide, to; anta, ansha, qtta, binili, binnili,

manya

abject; kalakshi, makali
abjure, to; anumpa kqllo ilonuchi cha ia
able; kanihmi, kqllo, laue, toba
able-bodied; anli, nipi kqllo
ablepsy, Iqpa
abnegate, to; haklo
abode; aianta, aiasha, aiqtta, chuka
abolish, to; akshuchi, issachi, kobqffi,

okpqni

abolish, to cause to; issqchechi
abolished; aksho, issa, kobofa, okpulo
abolisher; akshuchi, issachi
abolition, akshuchi

abolitionist, yuka issachi

abominable; haksi, okpulo fehna

abominate, to; isht iki^ahno

abomination, yualqchi

aboriginal, tinkba

aboriginal inhabitants, 'tinkba okla

aboriginal people, tinkba okla

abortion, aiona

abound, to; apakna, laua

about; foka, fokali, imma, isht anumpa,

pullasi

about that time, fokakash
about then, mih
about this time, himakfoka
about to have been, chintok, chintuk
above; in-shali, paknaka
abridged; tilofa, tiloha
abroad; haiaka, imma, kucha, mishema

fullota

abscond, to;' luhmi
absconder, luhmi
absence, taklqchi
absent, iksho

absolutely, to do anything; qmohmi
absorbed at, akqnia, ashippa
abstain, to; na hollochi, hullochi
abstemious; impafena keyu, ishko fena

keyu

absurd, okpulo

abundance; alotowa, apakna, laua,pakna
abundance, to cause an; apaknqchi
abundance, to have an; nan inlaua
abundant; apakna, laua
abuse, to; haksichi, hotupali, okpqni
abused, akkaona

abyss, an; ahofobi, aiokpuloka, kolokbi
abyss, the; ahofobika
academy; holisso aiithana chito, holisso

aiithqna chuka, holisso apisa chuka
accelerate, to; pqlhkichechi, tu^shpachi
accept, to; aiokpqchi
acceptable; achukma, aiukli, imanka
access; aiona, atia
accident, ishkanqpa

381

382

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

accidental, ishkanqpa
accommodate with, to; ima
accompany, to; auataya, tankla
accomplish, to; aia^lichi
accomplished, qlhpesa
accomplishment, alhtaha
accost, to; aiokpqchi
account, isht anumpa
account, to; hotina
account book, itatoba holisso
accouple, to; apotoli
accoutre, to; shema, shemqchi
accoutred, shema
accoutrements, nan isht shema
accumulate, to; itannali
accumulated, itanaha
accumulation, itanaha
accurate, anli
accursed, isikkopa
accursed thing, nan inhullochi
accusable, anumpa onucha hinla
accuse, to; achokushpali, amihachi,

anumpa onuchi, ikbi, nan alhpisa onuchi
accuse falsely, to; aholqbechi
accusation, anumpa onutula
accused; achokushpa, anumpa onutula,

onutula

accuser, anumpa onuchi
accustom, to; achayqchi
accustomed; achaya, aiimomachi, ya-

mohmi
acerb, takba

acetous; hauashko, homi, kaskaha
ache, to; hotupa, kommichi, mufka,

nukhgmmi

ache in the bones, to; foni kommichi
achieve, to; loshummi, lushomi
aching; kommichi, nukhammi
acid; hauashko, kaskaha
acid, to become; hauashko
acknowledge, to; aiokpachi, anoli,

ikhana
acorn, 7iusi

acorn pudding, okshash
acquaint, to; ikhana, ikhqnanchi
acquaintance, ikhana
acquaintance, an; hatak ikhana
acquainted with, to be; akostininchi
acquiesce, to; alhpesa ahni, omc ahni
acquire, to; ahauchi
acquire knowledge, to; anukfohki,

ikhana
acquire knowledge at, to; aiithana

acrid; homi, takba

acrid water, oka homi

acrimonious, to render; nukhomechi

across, okhoata

act, to; a,kaniohmi

act in order, to; silhhi

action; akaniohmi, ilhkoli

active; ashwanchi, tushpa

activity, palhki

actor; isht atta, na, nan isht atta

acute; halupa, halupoa, kallo

adage, na miha

add, to; achakalechi, achakalechi, albilli,

ibakali

add on, to; achakalechi
add on at, to; aiitachakalli
add to, to; achakali, ibafoki, ibani
added together, ibalhkaha
adder; hahta, hawash
addice; isht chanya, peni isht chanya
addicted to, shall
addition; achakaya, alhchakaya, ibalhkaha,

itibalhkaha

additional, alhchakaya
address, a short; anumpa tilofa, anumpa

tiloli

address, a very short; anumpa tilofasi
address, an; anumpa isht hika
adept, an; imponna
adequate; alauechi, alaui, laue
adhere, to; aialbo, alapali, anuksita, albo
adhere, to cause to; akmochi, aiak-

mochi, alapalechi
adhered, aialbo
adherent, a political; tashka
adhesive, niashmo
adipose, nia
adjacent, bilinka
adjoin, to; apotoli
adjoining house; chuka apanla, chuka

apantali

adjourn, to; abanablichi
adjudge, to; apcsa
adjudicate, to; apesa
adjust, to; aposkiachi
adjusted rightly, achukmat alhpisa
administer, to; ipcta
administer medicine, to; alikchi,

ikhinsh ipe.ta

administrator, isht atta
admire, to; okokkoaiahni
admit, to; chukoa
admonish, to; miha

BY INC TON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

383

adoption; alia toba, ushi isht atoba
adorn, to; aiuklichi, atahpqli, pisa

aiuklichi, shema, shemachi
adorn with a plume, to; shikopa isht

shema

adorned; pisa aiukli, shema
adroit, imponna
adult, asano
adult, an; asano
adulterate, to; ibani
adulteress; hatak inhaklo, haui
adulterous, haui
adultery, hatak inhaklo
adultery, to commit; hatak inhaklo,

haui itimqlhpisa, lumanka
advance, to; achakqli
advance, to cause to; achakachi
advanced in years, sipokni
advantage, isht ilaiyukpa
adversary, ichapa
adversity; isht aiilbasha, isht anukhanklo,

nan imokpulo
advertiser, anoli
advice, anumpa
advise, to; miha, nan inm.iha, nanuka,

nanukachi

adviser, nan i^miha
advocate, to; anumpuli
advocate for, to; apepoa
advocates, apepoa
adz; isht chanya, peni isht cha^ya.
affair, nana

affect, to; haleli, kanihmi
affect all, to; mominchi
affect the mouth, to; itukwesoli, kaioli-

chi
affections, the; chunkash, chu™kqsh

imanukfila

affirm, to; anli achit anoli
afflict, to; ilbqshachi, ilbqshali, nukhan-

klochi

afflicted; ilbqsha, nukha^klo
affliction; aiilbasha, ilbqsha, isht nukhan-

klo

affluence, nan inlaua
affluent, nan inlaua
affluent, the; nan inlaua
affray, to; nuklakanchichi
affright, to; nuklakanchichi
affrighted, nuklakancha
affront, to; chunkqsh hutupali, hotupali
aforetime, tinkba
afraid; anukwia, malali, nukshopa, nuk-

wia, takshi

afresh, himona

Africa, hatak lusa i

African buffalo, hatak lusa inyannash

after; ha, haya, himmak, inhimmak, on

after a while; hopakikma, hopakikmato

after the, kma

afternoon; okataha, tabokoli ont ia

afterward, himmak

aid, anump imeshi

aid, an; apela, minko imanumpeshi, nan

apela, nan apelachi
aid-de-camp, anumpeshi
ail, to; kanihmi

ailment; nan qpa, nan inkanitt>i
aim, to; ahni, anompisachi, tanampo

anumpisachi

aimed at, the place; abilepa
air, the; mail
air, to; hufka, ufka
aired, holufka
again; anoa, anonti, atuklant, falamgt,

inlij na

against, the going; asunanta
against wind or tide, to go; osonali
age; kasheho, sipokni
age, old; sipokni
aged; asahnoyechi, kamassa, kasheho,

kauasha, sipokni

aged, the; asanonchi, asunonchi
aged, to render; sipoknichi
aged man, hatak kamassalli
aged men, hatak Icamassqlleka
agent; isht qtta, na, na hollo holitopa,

nan isht qtta

agent, a United States; na hollo minko
aggravate, to; aiyabechi, atablichi,

inshah

aggrieved, nukha^klo
agile, tushpa
agitate, to; tiqbli
agitated; anuktiboha, nukhobela, oka

piakqchi, piakqchi
agitation of the heart, an; nukwime-

kqchi

ago, fokakash
agone, fokakash
agony, nukhqmmi
agony, to cause; nukhqmmichi
agree, to; apcsa, ibafoka, imanukfila

achqfa, imanukfila itibafoka
agreeable; qlhpcsa, chukma, hochukma
agreed, qlhpesa
agreeing, qlhpesa
agreement; apesa, anumpa qlhpisa, nana

qlhpisa

384

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

agriculturist, hatak osapa to^ksgli

aground, to run; akkatgla

ague; ahochukwa, hochukwa

ague fit, wgnnichi

aguish; ahochukwa, hochukwa, hochuk-

wqchi, hochukwoba
ah! aichng!, hiho, ikikki
ah me ! huk
ahead, tikba
aim, to; anumpisachi
Alabama, Ilalbamo
Alabama River, Ilalbamo okhina
alas! aichna!, hale!, hauk, huk, hush,

ikikki
albumen; akank ushi inwglaha, akank

ushi wglakgchi
alcohol; na homi, oka homi
alert, tushpa
alias, yatush

alienate, to; kanchi, inhollot issa
alienated, chunkgsh inla
alienation; kanchi, tasembo
alight, to; akkoa
aHke, holba

alike, made; holbgt toba
alike, to become; holbgt toba
alike in kind, aiimmi bfaka
aliment; ilhpak, nan ilimpa
alive, okchanya
alive (as a tree), okcha^ki
all; aiokluha, gliha, bano, ilaiyuka, moma,

momqt, nan uha, okluha, oklu^ha, puta,

putali, uha

all, one who takes; tomaffi,
all about, kanima moma
all days, nitak moma
all men, okluha
all nature, nan a moma
all over the world, yaknifullota
all people, okla moma
all round, folota
all things; nan okluha, oUuha, nana

moma

all, to destroy; lomqffi
all, to use; unhglinchi
allay, to; chulosgchi, hopolgchi, nuktalali,

n u kta la licit i ', yokop u li
allayed; chulosa, hopola, nukfgla
allege, to; a^h'fchna achit miha
allegory, anumpa nan isht qlhpim
alley; anon a, alia, liina
allies, apcpoa
alligate, to; atalrhechi
alligator, hachunchuba

allot, to; kgshkoli

allotted, kgshkoa

allow, to; apesa

allowance, afgmmikma ilhpeta

allure, to; anukpgllichi, nukpgllichi

ally; apela, apelachi, itgpela, nan apela

ally, to; apoa

almanac, hgshi nitak isht ikhqna

almighty, palgmmi

Abnighty God, the; Chihoica pgllgmmi

almost; anhe, a^hesi, a^husi, he, naha,

pullasi

alms, to do; habcngchi
almug tree, almuk
aloft; aba, chaha
alone; bano, beka, chanaia, ilap bano, ilap

bieka

alone, to live; ilap banot anta
alone, to make; banochi
along; abaiyat, ta*kla
along before, tikbali
along the road, hinanli
along the side of, to be or lie; abaiya
along the side of, to go; abaiygchi
along with; awant, iba, itatuklo
alongside of, abaiyat
already; mashko, manshko
also; aicna, ak, hak, hokola, inli, kia
altar; ahoshmi, alia, aba topa
altar of incense; na balama ahushmi,

na balama alua
alter, to; aiinla, aiinlgchi, hobgk ikbi,

inla, inlgchi

altercate, to; anumpa itinlauachi
altercation, anumpa itinlaua
altercation, to have an; anumpa

itinlaua

altered; aiinla, hobgk, inla
although; ik, kia, yohmi kia
although it is so, yohmi kia
altitude, chaha
altogether, bano
alum, tali holiya
alum salt, hgpi lakchi
always; abilia, aiemoma, beka, bilia,

chat ok, chokgmo

always so; aiimoma, atak, chatok
amalgamated, ibakaha
amanuensis, holi.wochi
amass, to; itahobi
amassed, itqnaha
amaurosis, to have; Jichik gsha
amaze, to; anuklakgsJili, okokkoaiahnichi
amazed; anuklakancha, nukfakancha

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

385

amazement, anuklakancha
ambassador; anumpa shali, inshali iman-

umpeshi, minko imanumpeshi
ambitious man, hatak holitopa bqnna
ambrosial, balama
ameliorate, to; achchukmali, aiskia,

aiskiachi

ameliorated, aiskia
amended, aiskia
America; Miliki, Miliki yakni
American, Miliki

American, an; Miliki hatak, Miliki okla
amiable; hqlhpansha, yukpa
amid, takla
amidst; iba, takla
amiss, ashqchi
amity, kana

ammunition; isht hunsa, nan isht hunsa
among; aiititakla, iba, ibatankla, itin-

takla, takla

among themselves, ilap binka
amount, moma
amount to, to; ona
amount to several, to; kalohmona
ample; falaia qlhpesa, laua qlhpesa, patha,

patha qlhpiesa
amplify, to; lauachi
amputate, to; bqsht tqpli
amuse, to; aiokpgchechi, chukushpali,

yukpalechi, yukpali
amused, yukpa
an; achqja, ho, on, yon
ancestor; hatak intinkba, hatak tinkba,

tikba
ancestors, his or her maternal;

intikba

anchor, an; tali chito isht talali
ancient; chanshpo, nitak tinkba
ancient, an; hatak tinkba
ancient days, nitak tinkba
ancient man, hatak chanshpo
ancients, hatak chanshpo
anciently; chanshpo, nitak tinkba, tinkba
and; aiena, akocha, akucha, amba, anonti,

atuklonchi, aua, cha, ish, kcsh, kish, mih,

mikjna, na, sh, yamohmikma, yohmi kia,

yohmima, yohmimqt
and as, mak
and he, atuk
and sOj.yqmohmima
and so forth, chomi
and so on, chomi
and the, mih
and then, mih, na, yohmima

84339°— Bull. 4G— 15 25

and therefore, mih

andirons; itakowa intula, tali luak tikeli,
tali ulhtikcli

angel; aba hatak, aba shilombish, enchil

anger; aiinn.ukkilli, ishtittuld, nukhobela,
nukkilli, nukoa

anger, to; nukhobclqchi, nukoachi

angle, to; nan okiceli, nqni hokli

angler; nan okweli, nqni hokli

angry; anukhobela, anukyiminta, chun-
kqsh halupa, hqshanya, humma, nukho
bela, nukoa, okpolo, okpulo

angry, very; nukoa shali

anility, kasheho

animal, a certain small wild; toni

animate, okchanya

animate, to; chiletqlli, chilitqchi, ilhfio-
pak, tunshpalechi, tunshpali

animated; aiyimita, chilita, tushpa,
yiminta

animation, yiminta

ankle; imuksak, iyi imuksak

ankle bone, imuksak foni

ankle joint; iyi imuksak itqchakqlli, iyi
tilokqchi

announce, to; miha

annoy, to; anumpulechi

annually; afqmmaiyukali, afqmmikma

annuity; aiilhpcta, habena, nan ilhpita

annul, to; akshuchi, kobqffi

annulled; aksho, kobafa

anodyne; ikhinsh nusechi, nusilhhqchi

anoint, to; ahqmmi, atokolit halqlli,
bilahqmmi, fohki

anoint, to cause to; ahammichi

anoint another, to; bilahqmmichi

anointed; ahama, bilahama

anointed, the; qlhtoka

anointing, ahama

anointing oil, pansh isht ahama

anon; ashalinka, yakosi ititakla

anonymous; hochi/o iksho, hochifo ikta-
kalo

another; achqfa, inla

another clan, 'iksa inla

another man, hatak inla

another place, kano™

another's, inla immi

answer; anumpa falama, anumpa f ala
mo a

answer, to; achi, afalamichi, anumpa
falamolichi, anumpa falqmmichi

answer again, to; falqmmichit anumpuli

answered, anumpa falama

386

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BTTLL. 40

answering again; ichapa, ichapoa

ant, shunTcani

ant eggs, shunkani uski

ant-heap, shu^kqni inchuka

ant-hill, shunkqni inchuka

antagonist, ichapa, tqnqp

antecedent, tinkba

antecessor, hatak tinkba

anthem, ataloa

anthropophagite, hatak qpa

antiquated, sipokni

antique, sipokni

antiquity; nilak tinkba, hatak tinkba

antiquity, all; halak tinkba qliha

antler; 1 apish Jifqmminchi, Iqpish infil-

qmmi

anvil, tqlaboa

anxiety, imanukfila komunta
anxious; imanukfila komunta, palata
any; kanima, kaniohtni, kia, nana kia
any day; nitak kaniohmi kia, nitak nana
any more, himmakma
any other, inla
any time, nitak kaniohmi Ida
anybody, kqna kia
anyone; kanima kia, kqna, kqna kia,

kanahosh, kqta, rtnnta
anyone whatever, kqnaho kia
anything; nana, nana hosh, nana kia,

nanta

anywhere; kanima kia, katima, kqni
apace, tu^shpa
apartment, aboha itatapa
apathy, hiahni iksho
ape; hatak shaui, sham' hatak
ape, to; hobachi
aperture; ati/ra, itopa, okhisa
apex, wishakchi

apiary, foe bilishkc, inchuka inJioshontika
apiece, mjukali

Apollyon, nan ishl ahoilo okpulo
apology, nan isht amiha
apostasy; aba anwnpa in/i/a/nnii, iksa

issa
apostate; aba anumpa issa, aba annm-

jntlt kobafa, iksa issa.
apostatize, to; qba anninpa is.sa, iksa

issa

apostatize, to cause to; ikua isxqchi
apostle; anumpeshi, aba anumpeshi,

('/tixas Kifaixt iwanuwpcshi
apothecary, •//•// /».s7/ kanrhi
appalled, tuiL'xf/ojHi

apparel; ilefoka, nafohka

apparel, to; na foka fokqchechi, shema

appareled; via foka foka, shema

apparently; achini, chini

apparition, shilup

appear, to; achini, ahoba, aiahoba, auata,

haiaka, holba, kucha, oktqni
appear (as the new moon), to; hqshi

himo auata

appear, to cause to; haiakqchi, oktqnichi
appear in sight, to; oktqni
appear like, to cause to; ahobqlli
appear so, to; chini
appearance; ahoba, haiaka, holba, kani
ohmi, oktqni, pisa
appeared, haiaka
appease, to; chulosqchi, hopolqchi, nuk-

talali, pqlakqcJii. yokopuli
appeased, chulosa
appetite, na bqnna
applaud, to; ahnichi, aiokpanchi
applause, aiokpanchi
apple; na hollo intakkon, takkon chito,

takkon masunfa, takkonlipun
apple, crab; shakulqp
apple, custard; umbi
apple sauce, takkon masunfa honni
apple tree, takkon masunfa qpi
applicant, nana silhha
apply, to; onochi

apply the mind, to; imanukfila onuchi
appoint, to; apesa, atokoli, hopena
appoint for, to; atali
appointed; aiqlhtokowa, qlhpesa, qlhtoka
appointed days, nitak qlhpisa
appointer, hopena
appointment, qlhtoka
appraiser, aiilli onuchi
apprehend, to; akostininchi, ishi
approach, to; akanali, atikkonofa, afuk-

onofa, bilinka, minti

approaching old age, hatak kauashqchi
approbate, to; aiokpanchi, qlhpesa achi
approve, to; ahnichi, aiokpqchi, qlhpesa

achi, yqmma achi
approximate, to; akanali, akanalichcchi,

bilinkachi
April, KpHJ

apron, na foka intikba takali
apt, he pull a
aqua vitae, oka homi
arable; patafa q/hpesa, patafa hinla
arbiter, nan apesa

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONABY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

387

arbor; chishakko, hoshontika, wia

arch of heaven, the middle of the;

tabokoa

archer, iti tanampo isht anya
arctic, falammi pilla
ardent; achunanchi, chilita, homi, lashpa
ardent spirits; oka homi, oka luak, oke

homi, oke luak
arduous, palammi
argil, lukfi

argue for, to; apepoa
arid, shila

arise, to; cm/a, tani, toba, wakaya
arithmetic; na holhlina, na holhtina ho-

lisso

arithmetician, hotina
ark; itombi holitopa, itombushi, peni

patha, penushi

Arkansas River, Okahpa okhina
arm; ibbak, shakba
arm, left; shakba alhfabeka
arm, right; shakba isht impaka
arm, strong; shakba kallo
arm, to; na halupa ilatali, na halupa

imatali

arm bands, shakba alhfoa
arm bone, ibbak foni
arm of a lake, okhqta Jilomminchi
arm of a tree, iti naksish Jilamminchi
arm of the sea, okhata Jilomminchi
armed, na halupa imalhtaha
armhole, shakba afoka
armor, halupa
armory, na halupa aiasha
armpit, haktampi
arms, na halupa
arms, the bended or folded; shakba

poloma

army; tanap, tashka chipota
around, to be; ajopa, apakfokachi
aroused; okcha, yiminta
arrange, to; achukmat apesa, apoksiali
arranged, achukmat alhpisa
arrant; haksi, okpulo
array, to; fohkachechi, shejna, shemachi,

tahpali, tahpqlichi
arrayed by means of. shema
arrayed in, shema
arrayed with, shema
arrearage, ahe.ka takanli
arrears, aheka takanli
arrest, to; issgchi, oktabli, takchit ishi
arrival; ala, ala, ona
arrival, first; on ah pi

arrive, to; alay anusi ona, ishla, ona
arrive at, to; ala, ona
arrive at last, to; aiyala
arrive together, to; alachi
arrogant; fehnachi, ile/ehnachi
arrow; oski, shumo naki, uski naki
arrow of a blowgun; shumatti, shumo

holutti
arrow-head; nakachosha, uski naki

halupa

arrow point, uski naki halupa
arsenic, pichali isht illi
artery; akshish, hakshish, hakshish chilo,

issish akshish, issish inhina
article; na, nana
artificer, nan isht apesa imponna
artillery; tanaw.p chito, tanamp hochito
artisan; nan isht apesa imponna, tonksali

imponna

artist, tonksali imponna
artless, ikhana
as, to be; chohmi
as, to do; chohmichi
as for me, annonto
as for the; ato, ato, liano
as for the one which, ato
as for the present time, himak ano
as much as one, achafona
as soon as, mak
ascend, to; asonali, aba ia, abia, oiya,

oti, shoboli, shobota
ascend, to cause to; oh/achi
ascent, oiya

ascertain, to; akostininchi
ash, shinap
ash, white; shinap
ash-bin, hituk chubi aialhto
ash-box, hituk chubi aialhto
ash-house, hituk chubi inchuka
ash-tub, hituk chubi aialhto
ashamed; hofahya, takshi
ashes, hituk chubi
ashes, hot; hituk yanha
ashes, light white; luak ipokni
ask, to; asilhha, asilhhachi, panaklo,

ponaklo

ask for, to; hoyo
askew, shanaia

asleep; nusi, shimoha, taliskachi, talissa
aspect; pisa, nashuka
asperity, okpulo
aspire to help, to; ibawichi
ass; isuba haksobishfalaia, isuba nashoba
assassin, haksinchit abi

388

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

assassinate, to; Jiaksinchit qbi
assemble, to; itahoba, itahobi, itahobli,

itanali, itqnaha, itannali, itqnnalichi
assemble, to cause to; itqnahachi
assemble at, to; aiitahoba, aiitahobi,

aiitqnaha, aiitqnnali
assembled; itahoba, itqnaha
assembler; itahobi, itahobli, itannali
assembly; hatak itahoba, hatak itqnaha,

itahoba, itqnaha
assent, to; ataklamma, qlhpesa miha,

haklo, onte ahni, yqinma acid
assert, to; achi, anli achit miha
assigned, aiqlhtokoira
assimilate, to; hobachi, hobachit ikbi
assist, to; apcla, apepoa
assistant; apcla, apelachi, nan apela
associate, to; ibafoka
associated with, to be; aiitqpinha
association, itahoba
assuage, to; chnlosa, halata, halatali,

hopolqchi, nuktalali, shippqli, yokopqchi
assuaged; halata, halqikqehi, hopola,

shippa, shippqchi, yokopa
assume, to; ishi
assurance against doubt, tah
assure, to; anlichi
asthma; fiopa imokpulo, nukshininfa
astonish, to; anuklakqshli, okokkoaiahn-

ichi

astonished, anuklakancha, nukldkancha
astound, to; anuklakqshli, okokkoaiahn-

ichi

astray, gone; yoshoba
astray, to go; ashqchi
astray, to lead; ashqchechi
astringency, takba
astringent; homi, it.ukn'isli, takba, tak-

bqchi

astringent, to render; takbqchi
at; a, a, ai, i, itoma, pi/la, yqmmak o
at a future time, himinakma
at a loss; anuktuklo, iinaii/okoina
at all, kqmoini

at hand; bilinka, mill, olanusi
at last; himmak, polanka
at length, j>olanka
at once, himonali
at once, to do; hiinonali
at that time; a, _/o/Y//,v/,s7/, fokali
at the head, ibetqp jii/'a
at the same time, h.hnonna achaj'a
at this place, ilqppak
at this time; himak, ma»shko

athletic; kqllo, kilimpi, lampko, nipi

kqllo

athwart, okhoata
atmosphere, mali
atone, to; atobbi
atoned, qlhtoba
atonement, qlhtoba
atrocious, okpulofehna
attach, to; ishi
attachment, anuksita
attack, to; amokqfa
attain, to; qla, ona, onachi
attempt, ilahobbi

attempt, to; ibaivichi, ilahobbi, pisa
attend, to; atoni, haklo, haponaklo,

attend, to cause to; haponaklochi

attend to, to; anta, hikikina

attendant; apqha, itqpiha

attentive, aiokpqchi

attest, to; anlichi

attested, a^li

attire; isht shema, nafohka

attire, to; ilefoka foka, na foka foka,

shema, shemqchi
attorney; anumpa nan qlhpisa isht qtta,

isht qtta, I ay a
auburn, lusbi
auction, kanchi
audacious, nukiuia iksho
audible, haiaka
audience, haponaklo
auditor; haponaklo, na haklo
auger; ishtfotoha, isht fotoha iskitini, iti

ishtfoloha, hopaii
auger handle, ishtfotoha ulhpi
August, Alas
august; chito, holitopa
aunt; ishki, ishki toba, inhukni
aurora; onnat isht inchi, tohwiket minti
austere, palqmmi
austere, to act as; atqpa
authentic, anli
authenticate, to; anlichi
authenticated, «»//
author; ikbi, holtsso ikbi
authority; qlhtoka, 'nan isht aiqlhpesa
authorize, to; alohnuchi, atokoli, aton-

huchi

authorized, qlhtoka
autocrat, minko

autocrat of Russia, the; I.asJtc in>iii"ko
autumn; ahpi, hqshtulahpi, onafapi
auxiliary; apela, apelachi, nan apela

BYIXGTON'l

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

389

avail, to; nan ihmi, nan ihmichi

avail nothing, to; nan ihmi kci/u

availing, nan ihmi

avails, isht ahauchi

avaricious; hatak nan inholitopa, nan

inholitopa

avenge, to; atobbi, okha
avenged, qlhtoba
avenger; atobbi, okha
avenue; anowa, atia, hina
averse, banna
avert, to; falqmmichi
avoid, to; apakfokqchi
avouch, to; anli achit miha
await, to; hoyo
awake, okcha
awake, to; okcha, okchqli
awake, to cause to; okchalechi
awaken, to; okchachi
awakened, okcha
aware; ahni, ikhana
away; bilia, pilla
away here, ilqppa pitta
away off, pilla
awkward, ikhana
awl; chufak, isht achunli
awl-handle, chufak ahokli
awry; shanaia, shanaioa
ax; iskifa, isht chanya
ax, a broad; iskifa patha
ax, a carpenter's; iskifa patha
ax, a sharp; iskifa halupa
ax, the bit of an; iskifa wishakchi
ax, the edge of an; iskifa ahalupa
ax, the eye of an; iskifa chiluk, iskifa

nishkin
ax, the head of an; iskifa chushak,

iskifa nushkobo

ax helve; iskifa ulhpi, iskifqpi
axle tree, iti chanqlli achosha
aye, akat

baa (cry of a sheep), ba^hachi

babble, to; anumpuli ilahobi, himak

fokalit anurnpuli
babbler, anumpuli ilahobi
babe; qllu^si, chi^shka, puskus
baboon, shaui hatak chito
baby; qUunsi, chinshka, puskus
bacchanalian, hatak okishko shali
bachelor; Jiatak ohoyo ikimiksho, tekchi

iksho

back, ulbal
back, away; ulbal pilla

back, small of the; inchashwa

back, the; nali

back, the upper part of the; shinqkha

back, to; apela, falqmmichi, oh/a, omanifi

back, to go; ulbqlhpelqt ia

back between the shoulders, the;

sha/iqkha

back door, aboha ansliaka okhiwt
back of a horse, isuba nqli
back of the hand, ibbak paknaka
back of the head, iachushak
back of the neck, iachuna
back water; oka bikc.li, okafalama
backbite, to; achokushpali, anumpa

chukushpali, anshakachi, hatak •IKUIII-

machi, na mihachi, nan ij'inihachi
backbiter; achokushpali, anshakachi, ha
tak nanumachi, na mihachi, nan in»ii-

hachi
backbiter, a great; hatak nanumachi

shali

backbone; nahchqba, nqlifoni, sacliakla
backside, anshaka intqnnqp
backslide, to; ajilema, aba anumpa issqt

falama, falama
backslider; aba anumpa issqt falama,

falama, falamoa.
backward; obqlhpda, okbql, olbqlhpila,

ulbqlhpela, ulbal pila
backward and f onvard, to go ; falamoa
backward, to go; ulbqlhpelqt ia
backward, to move; obqlh kanqli
bacon; shukha nia shila, shukJta pqsa shila
bacon, to make; shukha nipi shileli
bad; achukma, aiokpulo, aknanka, okpulo
bad luck, to cause; poafqchi
badge, isht qlhpisa
badly; okpulo, okpulot
badness, okpulo

bag; bahta, hqchik, ipi^shik, shukcha
bags, saddle; -wak hakshup shukcha
baggage, shapo
baggage horse; isuba shapo shali, isuba

shapuli

bail; ahalqlli, isht halqlli, iyasha ahalqlli
bait, isht qlbi

bait, to; hotonsi, isht qlbi intakalichi
baiter for beaver, hotonsichi
bake, to; apushli, nuna, nunaclii, palqska,

pqska, shila, shilcli
bake, to cause to; nunachechi
baked; nuna, palqska, shila
baker; pqsk ikbi, pqska
bakery, aboha apalqska

390

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

baking place, apalqska

balance, qlhtampa

balance, a; nan isht weki, nan isht

wckichi

balance, the; qlhkucha
balance, to; v:-eki itilaui, weld itilauichi,

wekichi

balanced; weld itilaui
balances, isht icekichi
bald; okmilali, okmilqshli, okmiloli,

okmilonli, pa^sh iksho, yushmilali
bald, to be partly; yushkilali
bald, to make; okmilalichi, okmilqshlichi,

yushmilalichi
bald face, ibakhatanli
bald faces, ibakhatanshli
bald-faced; ibakhatanli, ibakhatanshli
baldness; okmilali, yushmilali
baldness, to produce; yushmilalichi
bale, bahta chito
bale, to; bahta chito obeli
baled, bahta chito qbiha
baleful; isht afekommi, okpulo
balk, yakni ikapatafo
ball; lumbo, towa
ball (a dance), hila
ball, black; shulush isht lusachi
ball ground; atoli, hitoka
ball playground, a small; isht aboli
ball stick, akkabata, kapucha
ballad, taloa
ballroom, ahila
balm, 6am

balm, wild; shinuktileli
balmy, balama

balmy, to make it; balamqchi
bamboo brier, bisakchakinna
band; afohoma, isht talakchi, nan isht

talakchi

band, a train; tqshka chipota
bandage; qlhfoa, isht apakfoa
banded; apakfoa, talakchi
bane, isht ill I
bang, to; boll
banish, to; chqjichi
banished, chqfa
bank; bokko, sakti ikbi
bank, a furrowed; sakti lanfa
bank, a high; sakti chaha
bank, a red; sakti humma
bank, a steep; sakti chaha
bank, an artificial; sakti tola
bank, to; bokkuchi, sakti ikbi
bank (for money), tali holisso aboli

bank bill; holisso lapushki, tali holisso

tapuski

bank note, holisso lapushki
bank of a river, ont
bank of a stream, sakti
banked, bokko
banker, tali holisso itatoba
bankrupt: nan chumpa kobafa, nan

ittaloba kobafa
banks, red; sakti humma
banks of a river, bok sakti
banner; na hqta, shqpha
banquet; chepulli, impa chito
banquet, to make a; chepulechi
baptism; baptismo, oka isht okissa
baptist; baptismochi, baptist
baptize, to; baptismochi, oka isht okis-

sqchi

baptized; baptismo, oka isht okissa
baptizer, baptismochi
bar, holi

bar, to; okshita, oktabli
bar holes in a post, holihta okhisa

aiachushkqchi
barb, isht qtapqchi
barb, to; atapqchi, isht qtapqchi ikbi
barbecue, to; abani
barbecued beef; u-dk nipi qlbqni
barber, hatak pansh qmo
bard, ataloa ikbi
bare, hishi iksho
bareboned,/oni bano
barebones, hatak chunna
barefaced, nashuka bieka
barefaced man; hatak qjikommi, hatak

hofahya iksho

barefoot; bano, iyi bano, 'ujl bcka
bareheaded, nushkobo bcka
barely, ilia

barenecked, ikonla bckqt a"//(i,
barenecked, to go; ikonla. bckqt anya
bargain, anumpa itimapesa
bargain, to; anumpa itimapesa
bargain away, to; kanchi
bargain for, to; apobqchi
bargained, anumpa itimqlhpisa
barge, pcni

bargeman, pani isht qlta
bark; akchqlhpi, hakchqlhpi, hakchqlhpi

shila, hakshup iti haklupish, iti hakshup
bark, dry; chqbli
bark, to; kanu~a, pan>/a, wowoha, t/'or/a,

woh icah, u'oh icoha
bark at, to; -wolichi

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

391

barked, loha

barn, kanchqk

barrack; tqshka chipota aiasha, tqshka

chipota inchuka
barred; qlhkqma, qlhkomoa, okshillila,

oktqpa

barrel, italhfoa chito
barrel, to; italhfoa chito abeli, italhfoa

chito fohki
barreled; italhfoa chito abeha, italhfoa

chito f oka

barren; ashabi, alia ikimiksho, ushi iksho
barren, to render; ashabichi
barricade; holihta, tqnqp holihta
barrier; isht okshilita, isht oktqpa
barrow (a hog), skukha hobqk
biarrow (a mound) , bunto
barrow (a vehicle), iti chqnaha iskitini
bars of a gate, holihta okhisa ac.hushkqchi
barter, to; itatoba
base; makali, okpulo
baseborn; alia inki iksho, inki iksho
base of a hill, chakpatali
baseness, makali
bashful, takshi
bashful, to render; takshichi
basin, isht ishko patqssa
basin for a child, alia aiimpa
basin, pewter; nakampo
bask, to; hqshi inni
bask in the sun, to; hqshi libisha
basket; kishi, kishi yancho, tapushi^k,

tqlbql, tqpak, tqpishuk
bass (in music), chito
bass drum, ale pa chito
basswood, panqshuk
basswood tree, pishqnnuk
bastard; alia inki iksho, inki iksho.
baste, to; bakoha, bila onlali
basted, bila o^laha
bastinade, to; boli, iyi pqta boll
bat; akkabata, halambisha
bath; aii/upi, ayupi
bathe, to; yupcchi, yupi
bathe, to cause to; yupechi
bathes, one who; yupi
bathing house, oboha ai/upi
bathing place, cii/upi
bathroom, abolut ai/upi
bathing place for children, alia ayupi
batteau, peni shohqla
batten, to; ninchi, n\at isht ia
batter, to; boli, paiojfi
battering ram, holihta kqllo isht ok pan i

battle, itibbi

battle ground, aiitibbi

bawdy house, ohoyo haui aiasha

bay; filamminchi, okhqta

bay, a bright; hum ma tishepa

bay, to; wolichi

bay tree, Jcolaha

bayonet, isht itibbi

be, to; anh, aiasha. ansha, h, hall, hikia,
ho, hosh, itola, ma, manya, nanih, o, oh,
takali, talaia, laloha, toba, yqmohmi

be in, to; abeha, qlhto, ibafoka

be of, to; aiahalaia

be on, to; ontalaia

be there, to; aiqshwa, qshwa

beach, oka ont alaka

bead; innuchi, oksup, shikqlilli, shikqlla

beadmaker, shikqlla ikbi

beak, ibishakni

beam; iti chito, iti bachoha

bean; bqla, tobi

bean pod, bqla hakshup

bean pole, tobe isht abcla

beans, tobi

beans, bunch; tobi Jtikint qni

beans, bush; tobi hikint qni

beans, pole; tobi abela, tobi uski atuya,
tobi uski oiya

bear, nita

bear, a white; nita tohbi

bear, a young; nitushi

bear, to; cheli, icshi, shali, sholi, waya

bear, to cause to; cheliehi, wayqchi

bear children, to; alia cshi, ishi

bear meat, nita nipi

bear on with the hands, to; bitl-a

bear testimony, to; anumpa kqllo ilonu-
chit anoli, atokolechi

bear to, to; i/na

bear up, to; IwlqUi

b e ar d , nutakh ish

beard of grain, hoshu^ka

bearer; na shuU, na sholi, shali, sholi

bear's fat, n>ta nia

bear's nest, nita pell

bear's oil, nita bila

bearskin, nita hakshup

beast; na ho poo, nam poa, poa

beat; alepola, boa, isso

beat, to; aiisso, bakaha, boli, fahama,
hussi, ii/iaii/achi, ixso, kqbaha, kqbalichi,
Jqlli, Iqllichi. lit Mia, ni'cJn'kli. rnichik-
m inli, in ich ilhho, m itikli, w itikminli,
motukli, nuktiinekqchi, shotukli, timikli,
timikmekli

392

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

beat, to make; mitiklichi

beat fine, to; pushechi

beat out, to; Idkoffichi

beat quick, to; timikmeli

beat there, to; ahosi

beat up, to; ball

beat up meat in a mortar, to; nipi ball

beaten; boa, boli, holussi, kobokqchi,

pushi

beaten down, lohama
beater; ball, kqbaha
beatify, to; yukpalcchi, yukpali
beating; mitikli, initikminli
beating- of a drum, timikachi
beautified; aiukli, pisa aiukli
beautiful; aiukli, mismiki
beautify, to; aiuklichi, pisa aiukli, pisa

aiuklichi
beauty, aiukli
beaver, kinta
beaver, a young; kintushi
beaver bait, kinta i^kasoma
beaver dam; kinta oktabli, oktabli
beaver fur, kinta hishi
beaver hat, kinta hishi shqpo
beaver trap, kinta isht qlbi
becalm, to; nuktalali
becalmed; chulosa, nuktqla
because; hakta, hatuk, ho, hokama, kama,

kamba, na, tukakosh
because of; pulla, pullakako
because of that, mih
beckon, to; ivali, yuhchunukli
beckon to, to; pit
becloud, to; hoshontichi, oklilechi
become, to; aholhtina, qlhpesa, holhtina,

toba, yohmi aiqlhpesa
become, to cause to; atobachi
become each other, to; toba
become his, to; inimi toba
become our, to; pirn mi toba
bed; aionusha, anusi, patapo, patqlhpo,

topa, topa umpatqlhpo
bed, grass; hqshuk patqlhpo
bed, small; topa is- 7; >'/?'/ a
bed, straw; hqshuk patqlhpo
bed, trundle; topa Hi kq/aha atakali
bed clothing, patapo
bed curtains, i.sapinilak inchuka
bedbug, fopa shunshi
bedcord, tojta inht talakchi
bedfellow; ibanitxi. itibanusi
bedim, to; oklilechi

bedpost, topa iyi

bedroom; aboha anusi, anusi

bedstead, topa

bedtick, bahta chito hoshinsh aiqlhto

bedtime, anusi ona

beduck, to; oklubbichi

bee; asananta,foishke, yikoa

beebread; foe akmo,foe inlakna

beech, hatombqlaha

beechnut, hatombqlaha qni

beef, ivak, wok nipi

beef, cured or dried; wak nipi shila

beef eater, wak nipi qpa

beehive, foe bilishke inchuka

beehouse, foe bilishke inchuka inho-

shontika

beeswax; foe akmo, foe hakmi
beetle, shakshampi
beetle (for striking) ; isht boa, ili isht

boa, isht boa chito
beeves, wak

befool, to; haksichi, yimmichi
before; chanshpo, itikba, kinsha, tikba,

tinJcba.

before next, ha
before time, tinkba
beforehand, tikbali
befriend, to; kana
beg, to; asilhha, asilhhqchi
beggar; asilhha, asilhhqchi, habenqt anya,

nana silhha
beggar, to; ilbqshali
beggars' lice, bissalunko
beget, to; ikbi, tobachi
beget by, to; tobachi
beget of, to; tobachi
begetter, nan tobachi
begin, to; hikct ia, ia, isht ia, nitak echi
begin to heal, to; qttqt isht ia
beginner, isht ia
beginning; aiamona, aiisht ia, aiisht ia

qnimona, amona, atobahpi, qmnwna, isht

ia, isht ia qnunona

beginning, place or time of; aiahpi
beginning of darkness, okshochobi
begird, to; qskitfachcchi, qskiifachi
begirt, ankufa
begot, the first; tikba
begotten, nan toba
begotten of, alolm
begrease, to; Hlikfochi
begrudge, to; pot anno
beguile, to; Jtaksichi

BYIXGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

393

behave well, to; hopoJcsia
behead, to; nushkobo tqbli
beheaded; nushkobo tapa, tapa
behind; anshaka, obala, obqlaka, obqlh-

pela, okbql, olbql, ukbql, ulbql
behind, to cause to go; ulbalakachi
behold! into, yaki
behold, to; hopo^koyo, pisa
behold sideways, to; afalapoa
beholder, na pinsa
behoove, to; qlhpcsa
being, an invisible or supernatural;

nan isht ahollo
being, human; hatak
being thus, yakohmi
being with, tankla
belated; achiba, atqpa
belch, to; akeluachi
belie, to; holabi, holabichi
belied, achokushpa
belief, yimmi

believe, to; anukfohki, yimmi
believe, to cause to; yimmichi, yimmi-

hechi

believe in, to; ayimmi
believe the gospel, to; aba anumpa

yimmi

believer; na yimmi, yimmi
believer in the gospel, aba anumpa

yimmi

bell; tali shiloha, tali shilunhachi, tqlula
bell collar, isuba inuchi
bell founder or maker, isuba inuchi ikbi
bellied, pot-; takoba chito
bellow, to; fopa, woha
bellowing, woha
bellows; ludk. isht apu^fqcJii, luak isht

punfa

bellows, the mouth of a; apu^fa
belly; i/uka, ikfuka, takoba
belly, a fish's; nqni intqli hqta
bellyache, ikfuka hotupa
bellyband, ikfuka isht talakchi
bellyful, kaiya
belong to, to; aiahalaia
belonging to the public, okla moma

immi

beloved; haloka, holitopa
beloved man, hatak holitopa
below; nuta, nutaka
below, the place; akka
below, the space; nutaka
belt, isht qskufqchi
belted, qskufa

bench; aionbinilifalaia, aiomanili falaia

bend; apoloma, bikota, pile/a, poloma,
shokulbi, tanakbi, likpi, v:ai//a

bend, to; bichokqchi, birholi, bichota,
bichulli, bichuUichi, bikoJia, blkokarhi,
bikoli) bikota, bikulli, bitonoa, bito/ioli,
bokota, bokuUi, chasqla, chasalarhi, rhik-
sanakli, kochoja, kocJ/uj/i, kusha, kush-
kqchi, Tcushkoa, kiifihli, pilenid, poloma,
polomi, polomoa, jtolo/no/i, shanaia,
shanaiqchi, shanaioli, "tabbqnachi, tanak-
bichi, tanantobichi, tanqllachi, tanqllali,
tanqlloli, tobbonali, tobbonoli,, tonok-
bichi, waioha, waiohqchi, iraiya, u'aiyqchi

bend, to make; b-icholichi., bikolichi,
bikullichi, paiolichi, polomolichi

bend and break down, to; akosha,
akushlichi

bend and turn up, to; ibakclnshinJi,
ibakchushli

bend down, to; akochofa, akochu/Ji, bi-
kuttokqchi, kahqmmi, kocholi, kushkuli

bend on a tool, a; paiofa

bend once, to; bikotakqchi

bend one's self, to; chiksanqlli

bend over, to; apolomi, apolomolili,
paiofa, paioli, paknqchi, pilefa, piloa,
piloli

bend up, to; bokonoli, ibakchushUchi,
paioffi, paioli

bender; bicholi, bichulli, bikoli, bikulli

bends; apolomoa, bikoha, chasaloha, polo
moa, waioha

bends, one who; paioffi,

beneath; nuta, nutaka

beneath, the place; akka

benediction, aiokpanchi

benefaction; aiilhpeta, na hqlbina, nan
ilhpita

benefactor; habenqchi, nahabenqchi

beneficiary, na habena

benefit; aiisht ilapisa, na hqlbina

benefit, to; achchukmali, yukpali

benevolent, achukma

benight one, to; oklilechi

benighted, oklili

bent; bichokqchi, bichota, bikoha, biko-
kqchi, bikota, bitonoa, bochusa, bokota,
chasaloha, chasqla, chil'isana, chikisanali,
chiksanali, ibakchushli, kochofa, kofima,
kushkachi, kushkoa, poloma, polomoa,
shanaioa, tabbqna, tanakbi, tanantobi,
tanqlloha, tannqlla, tobbonoa, tonokbi,
waioha, waii/a

394

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

bent and broken down; akosha, akushli

bent and turned up, ibdkchishinli

bent double, apoloma, chunuli

bent down; akochofa, kocholi, kusha

bent leg, ii/i tanakbi

bent line, auataU

bent over; paiofa, paioha, pile/a, piloa,

tobbona,
bent up; kobokshi, koshuna, mana-ia,

paiofa, paioha
benumb, to; illichi, shimohachi, shimoli,

tginahich (', tgmissgch i
benumbed; illi, shimoha, shimoli
bereave, to; glhtaklgchi
bereaved, alhtakla
bereavement, alhtakla
berry; gni, nan gni
beseech, to; asiJhha
beside, ichapaka
beside, to stand; apotoa
besmear, to; litchgchi, litcli, okashalayi
besmeared, liteha
besotted; haksi, tascmbo
bespeak, to; apobachi
bespoken for, glhpoa
best, achukma inshaht tali
bestir, to; Uhkokchi
bestow, to; boli, ima, ipeta
bestow in, to; ashachi
bet; kaha, kali
bet, to; kali
bet against, to; ascta
betake to, to; aiona
betray, to; illiissa, ishitfohki
betroth, to; apoa, apobachi
betrother, apogchi
better; achukma i'nshali, i/nachgnho,

imaiya, inshali, kanihmi
better, to; achchukmali, achukmalechi,

a isk iachi, hochukin all
better, to cause to get; kanihnncJti
better, to get; kaniltmif ia
bettered, achukma
between; au'lhitakla, ititakla, takla
bewail, to; •ttnkha'»klo) yah/a
beware of, to; alutli ah/ri, ahah •iniaJnn',

a iiklala

be weep, to; yaiya

bewilder, to; aiyokomichi, iwaii/okomichi
bewildered, •iiitaii/okoiiia
bewitch, to; f/aL'sichi, Jiafak i/nnJiixikainnti

yushpakatnoli, i/iishpakanun i
bewitched; hakxi, !/n*hj><iL-<t/n<i
bewitched man, halak yushpakanta

bewitcher, halak yushpakammi

be wrap, to; apakfoli

beyond; imma, misha, mishema, mishtan-

nap
bibber; hatak okishko, okishko, okishko

shali

Bible, the; holisso, holisso holitopa
bicker, to; nukoa
bid, to; imissa, miha
bidden, anoa

bier; aionitola, hatak illi asholi
big; alota, chakali, chito, hocheto, ishto
Big Black River, lunsa chito
bilbo, bashpofalaia
bile; basunlash, lakna
bilge of a cask, the; italhfoa tikpi
bilious; lakna a™sha, lakna inchito
bilk, to; haksichi
bill, ibishakni
billet of wood; iti tapa, iti tilofa, iti

tiloli
billow; banatboa, bangtha, oka ba?igtha,

oka bgnanya

billow, to; bangtboa, bangtha
billow, to make it; bangf.hgchi
bin; aiglhto, itombi
bind, to; anumpa kgllo ilonuchi, asitoli,

ashelichi, hotti, ibbak takchi, kakmlichi,

siteli, sitoli, takcJti
binder, isht alhfoa
binding quality, sita
bins, aiabiha
biped, iiji tuklo
birch tree, opahaksun
bird, hushi

bird, a carnivorous; okchgla ditto
bird, a certain; bilinsbi, hgshnk hgta,

hushlokussa, kanshi, lanla, okchala chito,

okchiloha, okchuns, shonkak, tglanhgta
bird, a young; hushushi
bird cage; hushi aiglhpita, hushi itichuka
bird snare, hudti isht hokli
bird trap, hushi isht gUn
birth, aft ah pi
birth, a; gfta
birthday; aigttatok nitak, gtta, nilak

aigtta
biscuit; pgska kgllo, tiliko palgska

iskgtini
bishop; aba anumpuii apistikeli, iksa

apistikeli

bishopric. aj>< licit il:a
bison, ygit'iigsh
bit; chin if a, tus/ianfasi

BY I XG TON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

395

bit (piece of money), iskali, iskali achaf a,

tali holisso

bit (of an auger), ishtfotoha wishakchi
bit of a bridle, isuba itikapali
bit of paper, holisso lilafa
bitch; nashoba tek, ofi tek
bite; impa iskitini, kopoli
bite, one; kopoli achafa
bite, to; kiseli, kiselichi, kisli, kobli,

kopoli

biter; kiselichi, kobli, kopoli
bits, boshulli
bitter; homi, takba
bitter, to render; takbachi
bitter heart, chunkash homi
bitter thing, na homi
bitter water, oka homi
bitterish, takbachi
bitterness, homi

bitterness of heart; chunkash homi
bitters, ikhinsh homi
blab, to; anoli
blabber, nan anoli shall
black; alusa, lusa
black, to; lusachi
black cravat, inuchi lusa
black dye, isht lusachi
black dyes tuff, nan isht lusachi
black-eyed, nishkin lusa
black gum; hush apa, iii ani itani
black haw, chanafila
black lead, naki lusa
black man, hatak lusa
black neckcloth, inuchi lusa
black place, alusa
black stock, inunchi lusa
blackberry, bissa
blackberry brier, bissapi
blackbird, okchala
blackbird, a large; halan
blackbird, a small; shfrkak
blacked, lusa

blacken, to; alusachi, holunsi, lusachi
blackener, lusachi
blackguard; chakapa, hatak chakapa
blackguard, to; chakapa
blacking; isht lusachi, nan lusachi
blackjack, chiskilik
blackness, lusa
blacksmith, boli, tali boli
bladder, hoshun aialhto, imokato
blade; api, bashpo, hatak chilita, hatak

ilakshema shali, hishi
blade (a youth), nakni

blade bone, okpata

blain, wulhko

blame, anumpa onutula

blame, to; anumpa onuchi

blamed, anumpa onutula

blamed for, onutula

blanch, to; kasho/ichi, tohblchi

blanched, tohbi

blandish, to; anumpa achukumlil chuka-

shichi

blank, a; holisso ikaholisso
blanket; anchi, shukbo
blanket another, to; anchichechi, a/tchi-

chi

blanketing, blue; nan okchako
blanketing, red; na humma
blanketing, white; nan tohbi
blaspheme, to; ahoba aba isht ikahobalo
blasphemer; aba isht ikahobalo, isht

ikahobalo

blast; fiopa, mali achafa, ola
blast, to; bashechi, bashi
blasted, bashi
blaze, libbi

blaze (a mark on a tree), atila
blaze, to; libbi

blaze (or mark a tree), to; till, iti till
blaze, to cause it to; libbichi
blazed, tila
blazed tree, iti tila
bleach, to; hatokbichi, kashojfichi, ok-

shauanlichi, okshauashlichi, tohbichi
bleached; okshauanli, tohbi
blear eye, nishkin oklalonli
blear-eyed, nishkin oktalonli
bleat, to; yai.ua
bled; issish i^kucha, lumpa
bleed, to; issish inhina lumpli, issish

inkuchi, issish kucha, issish minti, issish

mitafa, issish mitaffi, him pi i, shal'ba

lumpli

bleed, to cause to; issish mita/fi
bleed, to make the nose; ibikoachi
bleed at the nose, to; ibikoa
bleed the arm, to; shakba lumpli
bleeding, issish mitafa
blemish, lusa
blemish, to; okpani
blend, to; aii/uma, yammichi
blended, aiyuma
bless, to; aiokpachi7 holitobli, yukpali,

yukpalit anumpuli
blessed; holitopa, na yukpa, yukpa
blessing, aiokpanchi nan isht ait/ukpa

396

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

blighted, bashi

blind; lapa, nishkin lapa, nishkin tamoa

blind, a; isht ukhatapa

blind, born; la pa inmoma

blind, entirely; nishkin. lapqt kqnia

blind, to; lapa, nishkin Iqpachi, nishkin

okpqni

blind eye, nishkin la pa
blind the eyes, to; tammoli
blind-eyed, nishkin oktalonli
bh'ndfold, to; nishkin. lulnni
blindfolded, nishkin liuna
blindness; lapa, lapa inmoina, nishkin

lapa

blister, holhpa, /ru/hko
blister, to; itowulhkqchi, i/oindhko,

ivulhko, irulhkochi
blister, to cause to; wulhkochi
blister by heat, to; towulhkqchi
blistered; itoiviilhko, wulhko
blithe, yukpa

bloat, to; shatqbli, shatqmmi
bloated; shatqbli, shatqblichi
block; iti baka, ill tqpa
block, to; bakali, bakalichi
block out, to; iti bakli
block up, to; atapqchi, okshita, oktqbli
blocked, bakali
blocked up, atapa
blockhead, hatak imanukjila iksho
blood, issish

blood, sacred; issish hanta
blood, to vomit; issish hoeta
blood vessel; issish akshish, issish inhina
bloodroot, pishkak
bloodsucker; haluns, lasun. yaluns
bloody; issish bano, issish bieka
bloody, to; issish bano
bloody sweat, issish laksha
bloom; nani pakanli, pakanli
bloom, to; pakanli
bloomed, pakanli
blossom; nani pakanli, pakanli
blossom, to; pakanli
blossom, to cause to; pakanlichi
blossomed, pakanli
blot; isht holissochi onlatapa, lusa, I lisa

(a la ia

blot, to; isht holissochi (>1llatqbli, Jusachi
blot out, to; kashoffichit kaivld
blotted; /.s7;/ holissochi onlatapa, lusa
blotted out, k ash of a
blow; aiisxo, fahatua, isso, kabak, kabuk,

kobuk, sakalichi

blow (flower); nam pakanli, pakanli

blow (wind), jnali

blow, a slight; cjiikinfia

blow (as a fly), to; cheli

blow (as a horn), to; ola, olachi

blow (as the wind), to; a-ptli, qpanuk-

Jila, inali. malv'hi
blow (or pant), to; fohukli
blow (with the mouth), to; apu"fqchi,

punfa, punj'q<hi

blow, to cause to; pu^fqchcchl.
blow an instrument, to; punfqchechi
blow down, to: yuli
blow the nose, to; IMca
blower; punfa, punfqchi
blowgun, uski lumpa
blown; qlhpunfa, ola, pakanli
blown about, yula
blown into, qlhpunfa
blowpipe; apunfqchi, isht apunfqchi
blows; kabakqchi, kqmakqchi
blows, one who; olachi
bludgeon; atqshi, itqshi, iti tapcna
blue; okchakqlbi, okchako, okchamali
blue, to; okchakochi
blue dyestuff; nan isht okchakuchi, nan

isht okchamalichi
blue flag, hqshuk pancha
bluebird, a small; okchanlush
blue-eyed, oktalonli
bluff, a; sakti
bluff, a high; kunchonivaka
bluff, a ridged; sakli la^fa
bluff, a steep; sukti chaha
blunder, ashqchi
blunderbuss, tana/np nihi chito
blunderer, ashqchi
blunderhead, halak nusilhha shall
blunt; ibaktokonli, ibaktokonshli, ibbak

tokonli, tasqlli tilikpi, tukbi, tukbichi
blunt, to; ibaktokonlichi, ibaktokoshlichi
blunted; ibaktokonli, lukbi
blunt-faced, to be; ibaklipinli
blur, I usa
blur, to; hisachi
blurred, lima
blush, to; hiitnmqchi, nashuka hum mat

out tah.a

boar, shukha nak)ii
board (food); ilhpak, impa
board maker, na shimml.
board, to; umpohomi
board (give food), to; ilhpak aiali, impa
boarded; umpatqlhpo, umpoholmo

BYINOTONl

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

397

boarded (given food), ilhpak imataha

boarder, aiimpa

boast, ilauala

boast, to; fehnachi, ilauatu. ilefchngchi

boaster; hatak ilaicata, ilauala

boasting, an occasion of; isht ilawata

boat; ili kula, peni

boat, a flat; peni patqssa

boat, a large; peni chito

boat, a light; peni shohgla

boat, a small; penushi

boat captain, peni inkqpetani

boat landing, peni aiaiya

boat rope; peni inponola, peni isht

talakcM

boatload, peni i^shapo
boatman; peni isht anya, peni isht alia
bobtail, hasimbish tapa
bobtailed, hasimbish tapa
bodiless, haknip iksho
body; apelitchi achqfa, qpi, haknip
body, a dead; nan illi
body, a strange; haknip inla
body, another; haknip inla
bog, latimo
boggy; labeta, latimo
boil, hichi

boil, to; honi, labocha, laboshli, icalqlli
boil, to cause to; holbichi, laboshlichi.

walqllichi

boil coffee, to; kqfi honi
boil down, to; ashepachechi
boil in the kernel, to; lubona, luboni
boil potatoes^ to; ahe hobi
boil up, to; anuktobulli, tobu^lli
boil up, to cause to; anuktobullichi,

tobullichi

boil whole, to; hobi
boiled; holbi, honni, lubona, labocha, nuna
boiled beans, bqla hobbi
boiled coffee, kqfi honni
boiled down, ashcpachi
boiler; alabocha, aicalqlli, honi, shuti
boiler, a small; aicalqlli iskitini
boiling, icalalli
boils, small; hichushi
boisterous; kgllo, yaJtapa, yuhapa
bold; aiyimita, nukwia iksho
bold, to render; naknichi
bold man, a; hatak >'liilita
boldness; aiyimiia, chunkash nakni,

nukwia iksho
boiled, yushkobolichi
bolster, qlhpishi falaia

bolt; isht yuha, shumo naki

bolt, a rag; tali fobassa isht qtiapqihi

bolt, to; iti bakli, tali fobassa isht akamas-

sqlli, yuli

bolt of cloth, nan tqnna bonunla
bolted; tqlijobqssa isht akamqssai yuha
bolter, isht yuha
bond; isht itihalqlli, isht talak'thi. nan isht

talakchi

bondage; yuka ansha, yukat ansJta
bondage, in; yuka anta
bond-bound, yuka
bondmaid; ohot/o yuka, yuka ohoyo
bondman; hatak yuka, yuka, yuka hatak
bonds, in; yuka anta
bondservant, yuka tonksqli
bondwoman; ohoyo yuka, yuka ohoyo
bone, foni, nafoni

bone-ache; foni hotupa, foni kommirhi
boneless, foni iksho
boneset (a weed), shaugshko
bonesetter, foni falqmmint itifohki
bonnet; ialipa, ohoyo inshgpo, sJtgpo
bonnyclabber; pishukchi haugshko, pish-

ukrhi icalasha

bony; foni bano, foni laua, kgllo
booby, hatak nusilhha shall
book; holisso, tali isht holisso
book, bad; holisso okpulo
book, to; holisso takali'hi
book account, a; itatoba holisso
book cover; holisso onlipa, holisso um-

pgtha

bookbinder, holisso onlipa ikbi
bookcase, holisso aiglhto
booked, holisso lakali
book-learned, holisso pisa imponna
bookmaking, holisso ikbi
bookmate, holisso ibapisa
bookseller, holisso kanchi
bookstore, holisso aiitatoba
bookworm; holisso inshu^shi, holisso pisa

shali

bookish, holisso pisa shali
boon; habena, habenqchi
boost, to; tobli aba isht ia
boot; shulush chaha, shulush kqllo falaia,

shulush hof aloha

boot (something in addition), alapanli
boot, to; shulush kgllo falaia holo
boot, to give; alapalechi
boot, to put on a; shulush kgllo falaia

holo.
booted, shulush kqllo falaia holo

398

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

booth; qlhtipo, Hi chishankko hosh ontika

boot-tree, shulush chaha atoba

booty; imilbik, na we.hpoa, tqnqp

booze, to; ishkoftna. nqlJi

boozy; haksi, huksi chohmi

borax; tali hata isht akmi, tali holiya

border; aiali, alaka, aposhokqchi, all,

lapalika, takchaka
border, one who makes a; takchaka,

ikbi

border, to; fololichi, takchaka ikbi
border of a dooryard, akachuli
bore; fotoha, nihi
bore, to; fololi
bore at, to; afotoli
bore of a gun, ftniamp nihi
bore there, to; afotoli
Boreas, falqmmi mail
bored; fotnha, lukali, lunkg.chi
bored at, afotoha
bored through, hikafa
borer; fotoli, isht fotoha, iti isht fotoha,

kitak, nafotoli
born; qtta, toba
born of, toba

born the first, to be; tikba alia
borne, sha^ya
borough, tqmaha
borrow, to; pofa
borrower; num. pota. pofa
bosom, shakba poloma
botch, to; akkqUi, afhkqta, Datamini
botched, qlhkutu
both; aieiii/ichi, binku, l-hupa, minka}

h<>>L-lo

both at once, falalanka
both sides, on; ilalaklaka
both together, •itatuklo
both ways at the same time, ikdanlda
bothered, imaiynkoma
bottle; kotoba, kotoba alota a"hqfa
bottle, a flat; kolobrt patassa
bottle, a glass; kotoba shohkalali
bottle, a leather; fthuki'ha
bottle, to; kotoba obeli
bottled; kotoba abcha. kotoba alolua
bottom, akqxhtalu, akka
bottomland, ]>at<ixq<-)ii
bottom of a chair, aiomanili
bough, /// //a/.'.s/.s/;
bounce, to: tola pit
bound; <ixlt</i/i, ashchachi, falakchi
bound, a; tnliipli

bound, to; aiaiichi, akqllo, asitoha,

tolupli, tulli

bound, to cause to; toluplichi
bound about, afoli
bound round; apakfoa, qUifoa
bound tight, katanli
bound up; asthta, sita, sitoha
boundary, ali
bounding, tolupli
bounds, aiqli
bourne, ali
bow^; iti tanampo, poloma, polomoa,

tanamp shibata

bow (an act of obeisance), akkar.hunoli
bow (for bass viol), alrpa rhito isht olachi
bow, to; bikuttokq.chi, kushotah, yushchu-

nuli

bow bent, tanakbi
bow down, to; waiahpa
bow leg, a; iyi tanakbi
bow of a boat; ibish, peni chito ibish,

peni ibish, peni nushkobo
bow the head, to; akqshchunoli, akka-

chunni, akkachunoli, yuhchonoli, yuh-

chunni, yuhchunukli
bowed, rhunuli
bowed down; chunuli, tobbona
bowels, the; anu^kaka, ijfnka, ikfuka,

iskuna, nukhanklo, takoba
bower; aboha anusi, hoshontika, iti

<:hishankko hosh ontika
bowing, mahaia
bowl, ampo

bowl, a broken; ampkoa
bowl, a large; ampo chito
bowl, a small; ampushi
bowl, a small wooden; itampushi
bowl, a wooden; itampo
bowman, iti tanampo isht a^i/a
bowstring; iti tanampo isht falakchi,

tanamp shibata ixlit taluk chi
box; aiqlhto, itombi. itombi alota acJtqfa,

pqsalichi

box, a small; itombushl
box, to; pqsaha
box for oil, kotoba
box up, to; itombi obeli, itombi fohki
boxed; itombi abeha, itombi fohka
boxer: ha/ak itishali, pqsaha
boxful, itombi alota
boy, alia nakni
brace; isht tikili, tikeli, isht tikoli, obala

foka isht halqUi

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

399

brace (two); ichapa, tuklo

brace, to; katanlichi, lampkuchi

braced; kqllo, lampko

brackish; homi, kalancha

brackishness, kalancha

brad; chufak chipinta, chufak ushi

brag; hatak ilawata, hatak isht ilawata,
ilauata

brag, to; ilauata

braggadocio; hatak ilawata. hatak isht
ilawata

braggart, hatak isht ilawata

braid, pana

braid, to; pqnni, lanq/o

braided; qlhtannafo, pana, tannqffo

braider, tanqffo

brain; imanukfila, lupi

brainpan, lupi.aialhto

brake, aboli

bramble; bisakchakinna, bissqpi, kantak
qpi

brambly; bisakchakinnafoka, bissapifoka

bran; haklopish, hoshunluk, pishilukchi

branch; fclqmi, felqmichi, filammi, filqm-
minchi, iti naksish, naksish, naksish
filamoli, naksish filqmminchi naksish
infilqmmi

branch, a small; okmoffi

branch, to; filamoli, filqmminchi

branch of a creek; bok chulafji, bok
chuti. bok ushi

branch of a horn, I apish filqmminchi

branch off from, to cause to; Ji lam-
in ichi

branch out, to; waJihaloha

branches, full of; washaloha

brand, iti tana lua

brand, to; inchunli

brand (mark), inchu^wa

brand iron; isht inchunli, isht inchunica

brand new, himmona

brand of tobacco, hakchuma palqska

branded, inchunwa

branding instrument, isht inchunli

brandish, to; fahfuli,fali

brandished, fahfoa

brandisher, fall

brandy, oka homi

brangle, to; achoica

brass; asonak lakna, tali lakna

brass kettle, asonak, asonak lakna

brass pan, a large; asonak lakna chilo

brass ring for the wrist, tachqmmaha

brass vessel, nsonak

brassy, asonak lakna chuhrni

brat, alia

brave; aiyimita, chilita, hit -halt, hoijopa,
kamqssa, kanfolau iksho, nak/ti, nukwia
iksho

brave, a; nakni, pqtakitta

brave man, hatak nakni

brave, to; panfi

brave, to render; naknichi

bravery; aii/imifa, chunkqsh nakni

brawl, to; nukoa

brawny, kqllo

bray, sihinka

bray, to; hopunsi, hussi, sihinka, u:oha

bra,y in, to; ahosi

brayed; holhpusi, holussi

braze, to; asonak lakna isht akmi:hi

brazed, asonak lakna isht akmi

brazen, asonak lakna atoba

brazier; asonak lakna ikbi, asonak lakna
isht akmichi

breach, a; akobafa, aliwa, kobafa, litafa,
mitafa, mitali

breach of the law, a; anumpa kobafa

bread; bqnaha, ilhpak. pqska

breadth; auata, hopqtka, pqtha

breadth of cloth, okhoataka

break; akobafa, atiwa, mitafa, mitali,
lapa

break (a weed), tqpintapi

break, to; akalqlli, akauivichi, apinnichi,
bichiUichi, kaloli, katapa, kauica, kauwi,
kauwichi, kaica, koa, kobafa, kohali, ko-
balichi, kobqffi, kochofa, kochuffi, kokoa,
kokuli, koli, kosdninchi, kushkqchi,
kushkoa, kushkuli, kushli, litafa, litali,
litalichi, litqffi, pakulli, pichelichi, po-
kota, tilofa. tushalichi, tushli, tushtuli

break, to cause to; kobqjfichi, pakullichi

break a law, to; anumpa kobqffi

break a ship, to; peni chito koli

break and bend, to; kusha

break and bend, to cause to; kushlichi

break and bend down, to; akauwi, ako-
chuffi

break and bend down, to cause to;
akochuffichi

break at, to; akobafa, atqptua, atqpfuli

break bushes, to; okaloli

break down, to; akosha, akushlichi,
kinafa, kinali, kinalichi, kinqffi, tiapa,
tiabli

400

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

break in pieces, to; boshulli, boshullichi,

kobulli, kobulli chi, llshoa, tushtua,

wolobli

break in two, to; kolofa, pakota, tgbH
break of day, the; onnat minti
break off, to; algbli, kotaj'a, kotali,

kotalichi, kotgjffi, pakota, tilojfli, tilolichi,

tushgffi

break off pieces, to; tushluli
break off short, to; tiloli
break open, to; akalglli, bokafa, boka-

kaiikgchi, bokalichi, bokaffi, kalali, mitafa,

mi tali, mitvlichi, mitaffi, pichcfa
break through, to; lukali
break up, to; tushalichi
break wind, to; huksoh
breaker, a; litafli, kobgjfi, kochujfi, ko-

kuli, kali, tgbli
breakfast, onnahinli impa
breakfast, to; onnahinli impa impa
breaking, a; kgla
breaking down, a; tiapa
breast, ikkishi, imatananchi, ipinshik,

ohoyo ipinshik
breast, to; bcli
breast of a fowl, the; hgship
breastbone; ikkishi foni, imantgnanchi,

imitaklish
breastbone, the hole or notch in the;

innlhfifukhak
breastbone, the lower part of the;

wglwa, inivgliva
breastbone, the upper end of the;

ikfc tap, im ikj'c I u kha k
breastpin; ixhl. alcpulli, isht glopulli
breastplate: inuchi cliinakbi
breath; Jiopa, iUifiopa, iJhJiopaJ;
breath, a consumptive person's;

likfohachi

breath, to give; fiopachi
breath of life, Hhfiopa ok^hai/a
breath sundered, fiopa iapa
breathe, to; Jiopa
breathe, to cause to; fiopachi
breathe hard, to; kgllot Jinpa, kg/an ih
breathe loud, to; chitolit fiopa
breathe quick and hard, to; shutuJ:-

shonli

breathe with difficulty, to; liti.nka
breathed in, alhpunfa
breathless; fiopa I aha, nukbcpa, >iuk

bcpoa

breech, obala
breech of a gun, the; snkbish isht

asJtana, tdnainp imatghshi, ianamp sok-

breeches, obala f oka

breed, isht alia

breed, to; chcli, ikhananchi

breed, to cause to; chelichi

breeder; chcli, hofgllif'hi

breeze, mail iskitini

brethren; itibapisa, ilibapishi

brew, to; honi

brewed, honni

bribe; habengchi, isht haksichi

bribe, to; chunkgsh chumpa, haksichi

briber, isht haksichi

brick, lukfi, nuna

brickbat, lukfi nuna tushafa

bricklayer, lukfi nuna boli

brickmaker, lukfi nuna ikbi

bridge; bok itipatglhpo, ill patapo, id

patalhpo

bridge, to; iti patalhpo ikbi
bridge maker, iti patalhpo ikbi
bridle, isuba kapali
bridle a horse, to; isuba kapali kapali-

chi

bridle bit; kapali, tali isuba kapali
bridle path, isuba inhina
bridle reins; isuba kapali isht talakchi,

kapali isht talakchi
brief; tilofasi, yushtololi
brief, a; holisso
brief, to make; yashfololichi
brier, a kind of ; kanlak
brier-root bread, kantak pgska
brig, a; peni chito
bright; halalunkgchi, hanta, malancha,

malanta, malata, mglmakgchi, okshau-

gshli, shohkalaJi, shohmalali, shohma-

Igshli, shumpalali, tohchalali, lohkasali
bright, made; halalunkgchi
bright, to make; hantgchi, okshauan-

lichi, shohkalalichi, tohkasalichi
brighten, to; halalunlichi, malantgchi,

shohmalalichi, shumpalalichi, tohkasatichi
brightened, malanfkarh I
brightness; halalunkgchi, malancha, ma-

IgtJta, shohmalali
brilliant, tohkasJi
brilliant, to render, tohkaslichi
brim, paknaka.

brim of a hat; impashia, shgpo haksobish
brimful, alotoira
brimstone, hitnk lakna
brinded; bakoa, basoa
brindled; basasa^kgchi, basoa, chinisa
brine; hgpi okchi, oka hgpi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

401

brine spring, kali hqpi oka

bring, to; ala, isht ala, shall

bring back, to; falamichi, falqmmichi

bring down, to; akkqchi

bring forth, to; cheli, ieshi, kuchi, icaya

bring forth a child, to; alia cshi, alia

sholi

bring forth fruit, to; emit wanya
bring forth young, to; sholi
bring here, to; shall
bring in, to; Jcuchi

bring near, to; akanalichechi, bilinkqchi
bring out, to; kuchi
bring out of, to; akuchi
bring over, to; tanqblichi
bring this way, to; auechi, taklqchi,

taklechi .
bring to, to; isht ona
bring to a point, to; tilichi
bring to nought, to; ikshokechi
bring together, to; apeli, itqnnali
bring up, to; altat hofantichi, hofantichi,

ikhananchi

bring water, to; ochi
bringer; isht ala, isht minti, shall
brink, ontalaka

brink of a river, okhina ontalaka
brisk, tushpa
brisket; bichunko, ikkishi
brisket of an ox, ticklish
bristle; chushak hishi kqllo, nqli hishi,

shukha chushak hishi
bristle, to; shachqla, shachia
bristled, to become; hqshanya
broach, isht qlopulli
broach, to; tuwi

broach of cotton, ponola tali kucha
broach of yarn, tali kucha achqfa
broad; auata, hopqtka, pqtha, patasah,

wqtta

broad, to make; hopqtkqlli, pqthqchi
broadcloth, coarse; nan a
broadcloth, red; nan tishepa
broad-nosed, ibaktabanli
broadsword, bqshpo falaia pqtha
broider, to; yikowa
broil; achowa, itachoa, itqchoa
broil, to; apushli
broiled, alhpusha
broiled meat, nipi alhpusha
broken; chilukoa, kalakshi, kouira, kaica,

kilhkiki, koa, kobafa, kobali, kochofa,

kokoa, kostini, kasha, kushkqchi, kush-

koa, litafa, litali, pakota, pokota, tushtua
84339°— Bull. 46 — 15 26

broken and bent down, akawa

broken and split, akala

broken down; akosha, akushli, kinaja,

kinali, tiapa, tiqpakachi
broken in fragments, boshulli
broken in heart, nukhanklo
broken in two; tqpa
broken off, tilofa, tiloha
broken open; bokaja, bokali, bokokakqchi
broken pieces, kobali
broken there or at, akobafa
broken to pieces, lishoa
broken twigs, full kaua
broken up (as land), olrhaha
broken wind; Jlopa kobafa, jlopal taha
broken- winded, fiopa taha
broker, tali holisso itatoba
broom, isht bqshpoa
broomstick, isht boa qpi
bronchitis, chakwa
brooch; isht akamassa, isht alepulli
brood; akank ushi peliechi, pelechi, ushi
brook; bob, bok chulqffi, bok ushi
broth, okchi

brothel, ohoyo haui aiasha
brother; anakfi, qmqnni, imqnni, i^nakfi,

innakjish, itibapishi, itibapishi qliha,

itibapishi fehna , nakfi, nakfish
brotherhood, itibapishi qliha
brother-in-law; qmalak, qmalak usi,

qmombqlaha, imaiyopik, imalak, imala-

kusi, imombqlaha
brought out; akucha, kucha
brought up; qttqt hofanti, hofanti
brow; imosana, ontalaka
brow of a hill, nqnih aiqli
brown; holunsi, homakbi, itolankqbi,

itolonkqbi, lusakbi, shakbona, tulankoba
brown, dark; lusbi, lusluki
brown, to; haton laknqchi, lusakbichi
brown coffee, to; kqji auqshli
brown color, haton lakna
bruise, chilina
bruise, to; litoli
bruised; chilina, kushkoa, litoa
bruised to pieces; lishoa, ivulopa
brush; isht kashokqchi, isht kasholichi, nan

isht kasholichi
brush (bushes, etc.); iti naksish tqpa.

shauica

brush, green; bafqlli
brush, to; kasholichi, panshpuli
brush bower, iti chishakko
brushed; kashokqchi, panshpoa

402

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

brush off, to; monjfi, pinfi
brushed off, pinfa
brushed place, apiha
brushy; yushwichali, yushwiheli
brushy, to make; yushwichalichi
brushy, to render the hair; yushwihe-

lichi

bubble, nishJcin toba
bubble, to; chobokachi, nishkin toba
bubbhng of water, chobokachi
buck; chukfalhpowa nakni, chukfi nakni,

chukfi pattakata nakni, isi kosoma nakni,

isi nakni, lapitta
buck, a spike; isi chufakni
bucket, isht ochi
buckeye; atai, atai
buckle; isht akamassa, isht akamassachi ,

i^ht akamassalli
buckle, to; akamassali
buckled, akamassa
buckshot, nakunshi
buckskin; isi nakni hakshup, talhko
bud; bikobli, bokanli

bud, to; bikobli, bokanli, bokobli, bokupli
bud, to cause to; bikoblichi, bokanlichi
budded; bikobli, bokanli
budge, to; ilhkoli
budget, bahta
buffalo, yannash
buffalo, a young; yannash ushi
buffalo calf, yannash ushi
buffalo lick, yannash Mukfapa
buffalo robe or skin; yannash hakshup
buffet, to; pasalichi, tamanchi
bug, shunshi

bug, a large black; shakshampi
bug, a red; shunkoma
bug, a water; hasun
bugbear, nan lusa chito
buggy, shunshi laua
bugle, isht punfa
build, to; ikbi, talali
build a fire, to; tikbichi
build a log house, to; aboha itabanni
builder (of a house), aboha itabanni
building; aboha, aboha itabana, chuka
bulb; ponkshi, tikpi
bulbous, bambaki
bull, -icak nakni
bull beef, irak nakni nipi
bulldog, na hollofi
bullet, naki lumbo
bullet mold, nakahakmo

bullfrog, halonlabi

bullfrog, a young; shukatti

bullhead; nakishtalali, nakishwana

bullock, wak hobak

bulwark, holihta kallo

bumblebee; imosini, o^sini

bump; isso, paffala

bump, to; isso

bunch, a; fohopa kachombi, lukoli

bunch, to; lukolichi, takchichi

bunch in the flesh, a hard; kochombi

bunch of hyssop, pukussa

bundle; asehta, bo^kachi, bonunta, buna,

hulbona, na buna, nahobuna, sita, sitoha,

shapo, talakchi
bundle up, to; bonulli
bung, italhfoa isht alhkama
bung, to; akammi, akamoli, kamali
bunghole, abicha

bunt, to; aboa, aiisso, bili, isso, kornoha
buoyancy, shohala
buoyant, shohala
bur, hakshup
burden; na weki, shapo
burden, to; shapulechi
burdened, shapoli
burdensome; palammi, weki
burial; hatak hopi, hohpi
buried, hollopi

burn, a; alua, holhpa, holukmi, lua
burn, to; aluachi, anakshonffi, anaksholi,

auashli, chunkash lua, holhpalli, hukmi,

hushmi, hushpali, itobila, itot anya,

itowulhko, kitaia, libbachih, libbi, lua,

luachi, nipi lua

burn a house, to; chuka hukmi
burn at, on, or there, to; alua
burn inwardly, to; ituklua
burn to coal, to; akabunshli
burned, lua
burner; hushmi, luachi
burning; holushmi, hushmi, lashpa, lua
burning glass, apisqhukmi
burning in the stomach, nukkiteli
burnish, to; shohmalalichi
burnished, shohmalali
burnisher, shohmalalichi
burnt; akabonsha, alohbi, anakshonfa,

anakshua, holhpa, hoUokmi, holushmi,

hush pa, lua

burnt, having the flesh; nipi lua
burnt place, alua
burrow, poa nusi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OP THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

403

burst, bokafa

burst, to; bichillichi, bokafa, bokalichi,

kalali, pichelichi
burst, to cause to; mitalichi
burst open; Jcaloha, kala, mitafa, mitali
burst open, to; bokaka^kachi, fachanli,

kaloli, kala, mitafa, mitali, mitqffi
burst open and spill, to; kaloha
burst through, to; lukafa
bursting open; kala, kaloha
bury, to; hohpi, hopi, umpohomo
burying ground, hatak aholopi
bush; bafaha, bafalli, naksish
bush, a certain; akkasoli
bush, to; abili

bush arbor, iti chishankko hosh ontika
bushed; abela, abila
bushel; bushul, isht alhpisa, tansh isht

alhpisa
bushel, a half; bushul iklanna, tanchi

isht alhpisa

bushy; bafalli, baf alii f oka
business; isht atta, kaniohmi, nan isht

anta, nan isht atta
bustle, to; tunshpa
busy; ashwanchi, ashwanchi, nan isht atta

imasha, nan isht atta inlaua
busy about; atta, anta
busy with, atta, isht anta
but; amba, he, illa,kama, kia, yamohmikia,

yohmi kia
but if, mih
but the, leak

butcher; nan obi, nipi bashli, ivak abi
butcher, to; abi
butcher case (stars so called), fichik

issuba

butler, oka bicheli
butt; aiali, akashtala, akishtala, holisso

lilafa, iti tila

butt end of a gun, tanamp sokbish
butter, iv ak pishukchi nia, pishukchi nia
butter, to; pishukchi nia lapalichi
buttered, pishukchi nia lapali
butterfly; hatapushik, hatapushik
buttermilk, pishukchi nia okchi
buttery, pishukchi aiasha
buttocks; hapullo, obala
button; ahalalli, atapachi, isht akamassa,

isht akamassachi, isht akamassalli, isht

atapachi, tali isht attapachi
button, a metal; tali haksi, tali isht

akamassa

button, a sleeve; shakba tali haksi

lapali

button, an iron; tali haksi
button, to; akamassali, atapachi
button maker, tali haksi ikbi
button to a door, isht afacha
buttoned, akamassa
button eye, tali haksi nishkin
buttonhole; tali haksi akamassa, tali

haksi chiluk

buttonwood tree, sini
buttress; isuba iyakchush isht bashli,

tikeli

buxom, yukpa
buy, to; pit

buy, to cause to; chumpachi
buy with cash, to; chumpa
buyer, chumpa, nan chumpa
buyer on credit, ahekachi
buzz, to; timihachi
buzzard, sheki

buzzard, a short-tailed; sheki kolofa
buzzing, timihachi
by; a, apunta, lapali, out
by and by; himmakma, hopakikma, hopa-

kikmako

by himself, ilapissa
by itself, ila
by means of; ai, aiitintakla, isht, na,

takla

by reason of, hatuk
by surprise; haksinchit, haksint
by themselves; ilap binka, ilapissa
by whom, isht
by-name, hochifo okpulo
by-place; apotaka, naksika
bystander; yopisa, talotmaya

cabbage; tohe, kalush

cabbage worm, kalushapa

cabin; chuka, aboha iskitini

cabin, an Indian; hatak api humma

inchuka

cabinetmaker, itombi aiimpa chuhmi ikbi
cable; peni inponola, peni isht talakchi
caboose, peni ahoponi
cabriolet, iti chanalli iskitini palhki
cackle, to; chanlchaha, ka^lhkuha, tank-

taha

cackler; kanlhkuha, tanktaha
cackling, a; kanlhkuha, tanktaha
cadaverous, hata
caddy, itombushi

404

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

cage, a lion's; koi chito inchuka
cage, to; hushiinchuka fohki
caged, hushiinchuka fohka

caitiff; Jiatak haksi

cajole, to; haksichi

cake, pqska champuli

cake up, to; shatammi

caked; kachombi, shatammi

calamitous, ilbasha

calamity; ilbasha, nan imokpulot ilbasha

calash, ohoi/o inshqpo

calculate, to; ahni, hotina

calculation, na holhtina

calculator, hotina

caldron, shuti chito

calendar, hashi nitak isht ikhqna

calf, vak ushi

calf, a bull; wak ushi nakni

calf of the leg; hulhki, iyi hulhki, iyin
shilukwa

calfskin, irak ushi hakshup

cahber; nihi, tanamp nihi, tanampo ittopa

calico; inchunwa, nantapqski

calk a cracked boat, to; pcni koa kafo-
lichi

calked; qlhkqma, qlhkomoa

call, to; a, achi, maka

call, to (to name); hochifo

call, to (to shout to); inhoa, pa^ya

call after, to; tahpqla

called; hohchifo, hochifo

called in, hohchifo

called to; aianou'a, apahyah

caller; inhoa, nan inhoa

calling, alhtayak

callous; kamqssa, kqllo

callous, a; sqJbo

callous, to make; sqlbochi

calm; chihsa, chulosa, kinint iksho, nuk-
tala, shohmakali

calm, a; chilosa, nuktala, yokopa

calm, to; chihsachi, chulosa, nuktalachi,
nulctalali, shohmakalichi, yokopa, yoko
pa chi

calm, to become; cliulosa

calm, to make a; chUosadd

calmed; chilosa, nuktala, yokopa.

calmer, cltuloxacfti

calmness; sliolnnaJcaJi,

calomel, U:hlnxh bota ixhl-ot ik/ia

calumba, al-xhislt Jal-na ditto

calumet; ftakchuma aahu'ika, hakchuma
shuti

calumniate, to; anumpa okpulo onuchi
calumniated, anumpa okpulo onutula
calumniator, anumpa okpulo onuchi
calumny; anumpa okpulo, anumpa

okpulo onuchi
calve, to; cheli, ivak ushi cheli, yannash

ushi cheli
camel, kamil
camel hair, kamil hishi
camp; abina, aialbina, albina, bina
camp, a deserted; bina awiha
camp, to; abina, abinanchi, abinachi,

atcpuli, albinachi, binachi
camp at, to; aialbinanchi
campaign, tanap anya
campaign, to go on a; tanap a^ya
camped, bina ansha
camper, binachi
camphor; ikhfash balam, nushkobo ho-

tupa ahammi
camping, a; binanchi
can; ahinla, hinla, na, yoba
can, a; isht ochi, oka isht ochi
can be, hinla
can have, ahinlatok
can not; ahe Jccyu, ahcto, awa, chinchint,

hatoshba, he kcyu, hcto, hikbat, iva
canal, okhina ikbi

cancel, to; kashojji, Icashoffichit kanchi
cancer; kachombi, shatammi. shilukwa

okpulo

cancerous swelling, kachombi
candid man, halak imanukjila apissanli

achukma
candle, pala
candle extinguisher, pala isht mosho-

lichi

candle mold, pqla aiakmo
candle snuff, pqla ponola lua
candle snuffer, pqla isht tqptuli
candle stand, pqla aionhikia
candle stuff, pqla toba
candlelight, pqla tohirikcU
candlestick; pqla a/oka, pqla aionhikia,

/>ala onta.la.ia,

candlewick, ponola pqla a toba
candlewick, burnt; pqla ponola lua
cane; oxki. uski, uski anunka
cane (staff); txltt tub<li\ tqbi
cane, a small; oskoba
cane, bent; uski botona
cane, large; uski chito
cane, young; kuni

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

405

cane, to; bakaha, tabi isht bakaha, tabi

isht is so

cane mat, pachalh
cane spool; uski Jcolofa, uski kololi
cane tongs, uski Jcapush
canebrake; uski pata, uski patak
canebrake, a thick; uski chito
canine, ofi holba
caning, bakaha
canister, aialhto

canister of powder, hituk aialhto
canker, to; itakha litoiua
canker in the mouth, itakha litowa
cankered mouth, itakha litowa
cannibal, hatak apa
cannon; tanamp chito, tanamp hochito
cannon ball, tanamp chito innaki
cannon shot; tanamp chito innaki,

tanamp chito innaki pit akanchi alhpesa
cannonade, to; tanamp hochito ontuka-

lichi

cannoneer, tanamp chito isht atta
canoe; iti kula, iti Icula peni, iti peni,

peni, peni kula

canoe, a long; peni kulafalaia
canon, anumpa kallo
canopy, hoshontika
canteen; kotoba bolukta, kotobushi bo-

lukta
canter, to; hatulli, hatullichi, tabakli,

tabaklichi, tulli, tullichi
canter, to cause to; tabaklichi
canters, one who; tabakli
cantharides, shunshi okchamaliishtwulh-

kuchi

canticle, ataloa
cantonment; tashka chipota aiasha,

tashka chipota inchuka
canvas, nan tanna na kallo
cap; iachuka, ialipa, shapo
capable, imponna
capacious; chito, patha
capacitate, to; aiatali
capacity, aiahanta
cape; na foka ilumpatali, shinakha,

umpatali, umpata, yakni okhata chito

pit shamcdi

caper, tullit fulokachi
caper, to; tullit fulokachi
capital, tamaha chito

capitation; hatak hotina, nushkobo atobbi
capitol, the; chuka hanta
capitulate, to; ilissa
capitulation, ilissa

capricious man, hatak imanukfild sha-

naioa

cap sheaf, the; paknaka ontalaia
capsicum; hishi homi humma, tishi homi

humma

capsize, to; filemat itola
capsule; haiyunkpulo nihi aiaUtio, hai-

yunkpulo nihi hakshup
captain; hopaii, kapitani
captain-general; hopaii, minko
captious, nan isht amiha inlaua
captivate, to; chu^kash ishi, imanukfda

ishi, chunkash yukachi
captivated; ajfetipa, yuka
captivating, ishi

captive; hatak yuka, na yuka, yuka
captive, a female; ohoi/o yuka
captivity, yuka anta
captor; na yukachi, yukachi
capture, to; yukachi
captured, yuka
car, iti chanaha
caravan, hatak lauat anya
carbine, tanamp fabassa
carbon, luak tobaksi mosholi
carcass, nan illi
card; holisso isht baska, isht baska isht

shiahchi

card, to; baska
card cotton, to; shelichi
card wool, to; shelichi
carded; shiha, shihachi
carder, shelichi
carding machine, ponola isht shiahchi

chito
care; ahah ahni, isht ahalaia, nan isht

ahalaia

care, to; ahalaia, ahni
careful, ahah ahni
carefully, ahah ahni
careless; ahah ahni, ahah ahni iksho
carelessly, himakfokalit
caress, to; hiahni
cargo, peni alota, peni inshapo
caries, foni toshbi
carious, foni toshbi
carious, to render; foni toshbichi
carman, iti chanaha isht anya
carnation, homaiyi
carnival, impa chito
carol, ataloa
carol, to; taloa
carousal, okishko many a
carouse, to; okishko fehna

406

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

carpenter; chuka ikbi, iti

carpet; iti patalhpo umpatalhpo, um
patalhpo

carriage, shali

carriage (freight), alhtoba

carriage, a; iti chanaha, iti chanalli

carried, sha^ya

carrier; isht anya, isht anya shali, na
shali, na sholi, shali, sholi

carrion; nan illi, nipi shua

carrion crow, sheki kolofa

carry, to; anya, ia, isht ia, shahsholi, shali

carry, to cause to; shalichi, sholichi

carry along, to; shall

carry back, to; falammint isht ia

carry by, to; ia

carry in, to; chukoa

carry in a sling, to; hannaweli

carry on the back, to; sholi

carry on the head, to; ia

carry over, to; tanapolcchi

carry through, to; lopulli

carry to, to; isht ona, shali

carry to heaven, to; aba isht ona

carry up, to; aba isht ia

carry young, to; shali

carrying, shali

cart; iti chanalli, iti chanaha

cart, to; iti chanalli ashali

carter, iti chanaha isht a^ya

cartridge, tanampo albiha achafa

cartwright, iti chanaha ikbi

carve, to; tushtuli

carved, basha

carver, tushtuli

cascade; kihepa, oka chopa, oka pita-
fohopa, oka pitakinafa

case; afoha, a/oka, itombi, itombushi,
nana, shukcha

case, to; itombi obeli, itombi fohki,
shukcha

case knife, bashpo ibbak pishinli, bashpo
isht impa

cased, itombi abeha

cash; talifehna, tali holisso

cash, to; itatobat tali holisso ishi

cashier, holisso lapushki ikbi

cashier, to; kalakshichi, kobaffi

cashiered; kalakshi, kobafa, kucha

casing, apolusli

cask, italhfoa chito

casket, itombushi

cast, hakmo

cast, a; pila

cast, to; ashachi, hakmuchi, onochi, pila

cast away, to; kampila, kanchi

cast away, to be; itokania

cast back, to; falammichit pila

cast down, to; akkakoli, akkapila

cast headlong, to; itihpilachi

cast into, to; aiashachi

cast into the fire, to; itachi, itoashachi,

itokaha

cast into the sea, to; okachi
cast lots, to; na shoelichi
cast off the skin, to; wuklo
cast out, to; kohchi, kucha pila, kucha

weli, kuchi
cast up, to; hotina
caster; hakmuchi, hotina, kanchi, koto-

bushi, pila

castigate, to; fammi
castigator; fammi, na fammi
casting, shuti iyasha akmuchi
castle, aboha kallo
castrate, to; bashli, hobak ikbi
castrated; hobgk, hobak toba
castrato, hatak hobak
casual, ishkanapa
casualty, ishkanapa
cat, a wild; shakbatina
catacomb, hatak aholopi
catamount, koi
cataplasm, ashela
cataract; kihepa, sakti oka pit akinafa

(fall of water); nishkin tanla, nishkin

tqlhha (disease of the eye)
catch, to; albonli, halalli, haleli, hokli,

kanapachi, lachakat ishi, okhawi, yukachi
catch, to cause to; hoklichi
catch away, to; yichiffi
catch fish, to; nani hokli
catch sickness, to; abeka haleli
catch with the claws or fingers, to;

yicheli, yichiffi,

catcher; hokli, na hokli, yichiffi
catching, abeka haleli
caterpillar, a poisonous; hatak holh-

palli
caterpillar, a species of; hatak holhpa,

hatak holhpalli holba
caterwaul, to; ya^wa
catfish; nakishtalali, nakishwana
cathartic; ikhinsh ishkot ont iachi, ikhinsh

ishkot ikfia, ishkot ikfia, isht lopulli,

ulbal ont iachi
cattail flag, hashuk pancha, panti

EYING TON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

407

cattle; alhpoa, wak

cattle, a pair of working; wak toksali

itichapa

cattle, a range for; wak aiasha
cattle, a stall for; wak aiimpa
cattle, a yoke of; wak itichapa
cattle, black; wak
caught; ashekonoa, halelili, yichowa
caul; falapa, lapa
cause; nan ihmi, nana
cause, to; aiohmichi, chi, nan ihmichi
cause all, to; oklunhachi
causeway, a wooden; iti patapo, iti

patalhpo

causeway, to make a; sakti ikbi
cauterize, to; luachi
cauterized, lua
caution, ahah ahni
caution, to;
cautioner, nan i
cautious, ahah ahni
cavalry, isuba omanili tashka aliha
cave; hichukbi, hochukbi, tali chiluk,

yakni chiluk, yakni hichukbi
cave, to; yakni hichukbi aiatta
cave, to live in a; yakni hichukbi aiatta
cave in, to; oka hafeta, tibafa
cave in, to make; tibaffi
cave off, to; kitali
caved in, tibafa
cavern; hichukbi, hichukbi chito, hochukbi,

tali chiluk, yakni chiluk
cavil, nan isht amiha
cavity; chiluk, chuluk
caw, kakaachi

caw, to; kahkahachi, kakaachi, ola
cayenne pepper, hishi homi humma
cease, to; ahokofa, ahokoffi, auola, habofa,

haboli, issa, issachi, yokopa
cease, to cause to; auolachi
cease to love, to; inhollot issa
ceased, yokopa
ceaseless, ahokofa
cedar, chuala
cede, to; ima, issa, kanchi
ceil, to; alatali
celebrate, to; aiokpanchi, holitoblichi,

holitoblit isht anumpuli
celebrated, holitopat isht anumpa
celebration, holitoblit isht anumpuli
celerity, shinimpa
celestial, aba

celibacy, ikauayo (see auaya)
cellar, aboha anutaka kula

cement, to; aialbo, aialbuchi, akmochi

cemented; aialbo, akmo

cemetery, hatak aholopi

census; hatak holhtina, hatak puta holh-
tina, holhtina

cent, sint

center; aiiklana, chunkash, iklanna

center, to; iklannachi

center of a tree, iti iskuna

centered, iklanna

centipede, a large; nutachanha

centurion; kapitani, sintilion

century, afammi talepa achafa

ceremony, nana kaniohmi

certain; a^li, kanimi, kaniohmi

certain, a; achafa

certainly; anli, ba, hatoshke, pulla, unhih

certainly so, to be; achini

certificate, holisso lilafa

certify, to; holissochit anoli

cessation, the; ahokofa, auola, foha, issa

cession; ima, kanchi

chafe, to; pikofa, pikoffi, pikoli, pikolichi

chafe, to cause to; pikoffichi

chafed; pikofa, pikoli

chafer; pikoffi, pikojichi

chaff; haklopish, hakshup

chagrin, to; nukoachi

chagrined; hofahya, nukoa

chain; itatakali, itatakali

chain, a surveyor's; yakni isht alhpisa

chain, an iron; tali ititakalli

chain, to; takchi

chain of cloth, api

chained, talakchi

chains, in; yuka anta

chair; aionbinili, aiomanili, aionasha, iti
chanaha palhki

chair, elbow; aionasha aiataya a^sha

chair leg, aionbinili api, aiomanili api,
aiomanili iyi

chair post; aiomanili api, aiomanili iyi

chairman, pelicheka

chaise; iti chanaha palhki, iti chanalli
iskitini palhki

chahce, isht ishko

chalk, lukfi hata

challenge, pa™fi

challenge, to; panfi

challenge, to cause to; panfichi

challenged, panfa

challenger, panjl

chamber, a; aboha anusi, aba iti pa
talhpo, patalhpo, pihcha

408

BUREAU or AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

chamber, an upper; aba patqlho

chamber lye, hoshunwa

chamberlain, tishu

chameleon, fqni imalakusi

chamois, isi kosoma

champ, to; hauansa, hoansa, hopansa,

kapuli, kapulichi, kopolichi
champ er, kapuli

chance, to do by; yqmmak fokalechi
chance, to go by; yammak fokalechi
change, inla
change, to; aiinla, aiinlqchi, atobbichi,

atobbitfoka, inla, inlachi, talali, iviha
change (as the moon), to; hqshi him-

mona talali, hqshi himo auata, hashilli
change of the moon, hashilli
change the mind, to; chunkqsh inlachi
changeable; imanukfila laua, inla shall
changed; inla, inlat toba
changer, inlachi

changers of money, nan isht itatoba
channel; ayanqlli, bok aiyanqlli, oka ai
yanqlli

chant, to; taloa
chanter, taloa
chap; alia nakni, bitanli, kichanli, hatak

himmita, pachanli
chap (on the hands), bisanlih
chap, the; nutakfa
chap, to; bitanli, bitanlichi, kichanli,

kichanlichi, kichaya, mitali, mitalichi,

pachanli

chapel, aianumpuli aboha hanta
chapiters, kibikshi
chaplain, aba anumpuli
chapped; kichanli, pachanli
chapped foot, iyi bitanli
char, to; akabu^shli
character; qlhtayak, hochifo, holisso
charcoal, luak tobaksi mosholi, tobaksi

mosholi

charge (commission); aheka, anumpa
charge (for a gun); qlbiha, qlhpintta,

ilhpita achqfa, tamunpo qlbiha achqfa,

tukafa achqfa
charge (price), q/htoba
charge, to; ahekqchi, anumpa onuchi,

onochi, in i It a

charge with a debt, to; nhcka takalichi
charged; qlbiha, qlhpitta, ilhpita
charged with, onutula
charger; amphqta, hituk aiqlhpisa
chariot; iti chanqlli, iti chanqlli iskitini

pqlhki, iti chqnaha pqlhki

charity; chunkqsh imanukfila achukma,

innukhanldo
charm, fappo
charm, to; chunkqsh ishi, fappo onuchi,

fappuli, yukpali
charmed; fappo, yukpa
charmer, fappo onuchi
charnel house, hatak illifoni aiasha
charred, akabonsha
chase, lioli

chase, to; iahivsht ia, lioa, lioli
chase with dogs, to; ofi isht lioli
chased away, chqfa
chaser, lioli
chasm; chiluk, hichukbi, itqmintqfa, tali

chiluk, yakni chiluk
chaste; hopoksia, kostini
chasten, to; fqmmi, isikkopali, kanichi
chastened, fqma
chastener, fqmmi

chastise, to; fqmmi, isikkopali, kanichi
chastised, fqma
chastiser; fqmmi, na fqmmi
chastity; hopoyuksa, kostini
chat, anumpa
chat, to; anumpuli
chattels, ilanyak

chatter, to; himak fokalechi, kqsachi
chatterbox, anumpuli shali
chaw, hopansa

chaw, to; hauansa, hoansa, hopansa
cheap; ahoba, aiilli ikchito, aiilli iklauo,

aiilli iskitini, qlhchunna
cheapen, to; aiilli iskitinichi, qlhchun-

nqchi
cheat; haksichi, hatak haksichi, na haksi,

yimmichi

cheat, to; haksichi, pakqmmi, yimmichi
cheated; haksi, yimmi
cheater; haksichi, yimmichi
check; bakoa, issqchi
check, small; basosunkachi, chikichiki
check, to; atabli, hilechi, issqchi, oktqbli,

olqbbi

checked, bakokona
checked and tabby, to be; banoa
cheek, itisukpi
cheek bone, itisukpi foni
cheer, chunkqsh yukpa
cheer, to; aiokpqchcchi, aiyukpqchi,

okcha, yiminta, yimintqchi, yukpa, yuk
pali

cheer, to be of; yukpa
cheerful; aiokpanchi achukma, nuktanla,

nuktala

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

409

cheerless; ilbasha, liposhi

cheese; pishukchi nia palaska, pishukchi

palaska, wak pishukchi palaska
cheesemonger, pishukchi palaska kanchi
chemise, ohoyo innafoka lunibo
cherish, to; hofantichi, holitoblit hofan-

tichi

cherished; hofanti, holitopat hofanti
Cherokee, Chalakki
Cherokee man, Chalakki hatak
Cherokee Nation, Chalakki okla
Cherokee people, Chalakki okla
cherry, italikchi ani
cherry tree, italikchi
chest (box), itombi
chest (part of body), haknip
chest, to; itombifohki
chestnut; oti, uti
chestnut (color), lusbi
chestnut, the dwarf; hachofakti
chestnut burr, oti hakshup
chew, to; auansa, hauansa, hoa^sa,

hopa^sa

chicane, haksichi
chick, akanka
chick, to; ojfo, tikachi
chicken; akank ushi, akanka
chicken hawk; biakak, biya^kak
chicken-hearted, nukshopa
chicken-pox, hashtap inchilakwa
chide, to; nukoat anumpuli
chief; hatak api humma inminko, minko,

pelichi

chief man, i^shali hatak
chieftainess, minko imohoyo
chigoe, shunkoma
child; alia, iso, ushi

child, a white man's; na hollo imalla
child, the youngest; alia isht aiopi
child, to make himself a; allachi, ilal-

lachi

childb earing, alia eshi
childhood, alia tomba
childish; alia ilahobbi, ilallachi, pus-

kuscchi

childless; alia ikimiksho, ushi iksho
childlike, alia chuhmi
children; alia, saso
children, young or small; alia chipunta,

chipota

chill, a; hochukwa

chilliness; ahochukwa, ahochukicachi, ho
chukwa

chilly; ahochukica, ahochukicachi, ho
chukwa, hochukwachi
chime, to; ola

chimney; ashoboli, luak ashoboli
chimney corner, ashobolichukbi, asho-

bolinaksika

chimney swallow, chupilak
chimney top, ashobolipaknaka
chin, nutakfa
chin, high; itakwacholi
chin bone, nutakfa foni
chine, nalifoni

chine of a barrel, italhfoa chito ibish
chink, chiluk
chink, to; chiluk toba, chusokachi, chuso-

lichi, ola, olachi
chinquapin, hachofakti
chinquapin tree, hachofaktapi
chip; chobilhkan, chopilhkash, chupilkash,

iti shukafa, iti shukali, iti tushafa, iti

tushali, kobilhchap, koichup, polhkash,

shukali
chip, to; iti chant tushalichi, shukali,

shukaffi

chipmunk, chinisa
chipped; shukali, shukli, tushali
chirographer, holissochi
chirp, ola
chirp, to; ola

chisel; iti isht kula, nan isht kula
chisel, a cold; tali isht hokofa, tali isht

tapa

chisel nuts, to; washlichi
chit, o/o
Choctaw, Chahta
Choctaw, a; Chahta
Choctaw blood, Chahta isht ia
Choctaw bread, paska bgnaha
Choctaw bread, to make; paska

banahachi

Choctaw child, Chahta alia
Choctaw country, Chahta yakni
Choctaw descent, Chahta isht ia
Choctaw ground, Chahta yakni
Choctaw horse, Chahta isuba
Choctaw land, Chahta yakni
Choctaw language; Chahta anumpa,

Chahta imanumpa
Choctaw man, Chahta hatak
Choctaw mile, Chahta inkoiri
Choctaw Nation; Chahta okla, Chahta

yakni
Choctaw origin, Chahta isht ia

410

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

Choctaw people, Chahta olla
Choctaw pony, Chahta isuba
Choctaw race, Chahta isht ia
Choctaw race, to be of the; Chahta

isht alia

Choctaw soil, Chahta yakni
Choctaw tribe, Chahta oUa
Choctaw woman, Chahta ohoyo
Choctaw, the, Chahta olla
choice; achukma, aiyoba, holitopa
choice, a; atokoli
choir; taloa, taloa aliha
choke, to; anuklamalli, nuklamqlli, nuk-

lamoli, nuklamolli, nuksiteli, nukshi-

kanlichi, nukshiniffi, nuktakali, nukta-

kalichi, nuktilefa, nuktiliffi, oktqbli,

oktapa, olqbbi

choke to death, to; nuktakat illi
choke up, to; labli, lablichi
choked; nuklamoli, nuklamolli, nuk-

sakki, nuktakali, oktapa, nuktilefa
choked up, labli
choking, a; nuktakali
choler; lakna, nukoa
cholera, abeka okpulo
cholera morbus, itala^kla out ia
choleric, nukoa shali
choose, to; ahnit, aioa, apissali, atoko-

techi, atokoli, atokulit aiyua, atokulit

ishi

chooser, atokoli
chop, to; chanli
chop, to cause to; chanlichi
chop and feU, to; chant akkqchi, chant

kinqffi

chop down, to; kinajfi
chopped, cha^ya
chopper, iti chanli
chopping block, acha^ya
chores, nan toksqli chipinta
chorister, taloa tikba heka
chosen, aiyua
Christ, Kilaist
christened, okissachi
Christian, a; aba anumpuli
Christian, a pretended; aba anumpuli

ilahobbi

Christian, a true; aba anumpuli a^li
Christian, to become a; aba anumpuli

toba
Christianity; aba anumpa, aba anumpa

ikhana

christianize, to; aba anumpuli ikbi
Christians, aba anumpa ikhana

Christmas, nitak hollo chito

chronometer, hqshi isht ikhana

chuckle, to; yukpa

chunk, iti tapa

chunk bottle, a common; kotoba

okchimali

chunk of wood, iti tilofa
church, aianumpuli aboha hanta, abai
anumpuli chuka, aba anumpuli iksa,
chach

church, the; aba anumpuli aliha
church member, aba anumpuli iksa

ibafoka

church music, aba anumpa taloa
churchyard, hatak aholopi
churl, hatak nukoa shali
churn; pishukchi achibokachi, pishukchi

aniachi

churn, to; bohokachi, pishukchi niachi
churn dasher, pishukchi nia isht chibo-

lichi

churn lid, onulhpohomo
churn staff, pishukchi nia isht chibolichi
cicatrix, mfosa
cicatrize, to; atta, attachi
cicatrized, atta
cider, oka hauashko
cigar, hakchuma shana
cincture, isht qskufachi
cipher, to; holhtina, hotina
circle; bolboki, bolkqchi, bolukta, chanqlli,

chqnaha

circle, to; fullokqchi
circled, apakfopa

circles, to make; bolbokechi, bolkqchechi
circuit; afolota, chqnaha folota achqfa,

folota, fullokqchi
circuit, to; apakfopa
circuit of the earth, the; yakni fullota
circuitous, folota
circuits, to take; folotoa
circular; bolboki, bolkqchi, bolukta
circulate, to; ilhkoli, ilhkolichi, taka-

kanli

circumcise, to; hakshup tqbli
circumcised; hakshup tapa, hakshup

tqptua

circumcision, hakshup tapa
circumference, the; apakfopa
circumference of the earth, the;

yakni fullota
circumspect, ahah ahni
circumstance, akaniohmi
cistern, oka aiqlhto

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

411

citadel, aboha kallo

citation, anoa

citizens, oUa

city; tamaha, tamaha chito, tamaha holihta

civil; hopoksia, kostini

civil man, hatak kostini

civil war, okla achafa itibi

civil war, to have a; okla achafa itibi

civilize, to; hopoksiachi, hopoyuksalli,

ikhananchi, kostininchi
civilized, kostini
civilizer, hopoyuksalli
clabber, pishukchi kaskaha
clad, fohka
clam, fulush

clam, fresh- water; oka fulush
clamp, isht kiselichi
clamshell; fulush hakshup, oka fulush

hakshup
clamor, pa^ya
clan, a; iksa, isht atiaka
clan, one; iksa achafa
clandestine, luma
clangor, chamakachi
clank, chamakachi
clank, to; chamakachi chamalichi
clap, to; lobohachi
clap of thunder, hiloha
clapboards, iti basha ahonala
clapper, isuba inuchi anunkaka takali
clarified, kashofa
clarify, to; kashoffi
clash, mo

clash, to; isso, issochi
clashing-, itaiisso
clasp, atapachi
clasp, to; akamassali, atapachi, hokli,

shakba afohomit ishi
clasp knife, bashpo poloma
clasped together, akamassa
class; apelichi, iksa, itibapisa
classmate; holisso ibapisa, itibapisa
clatter, to; kalahachechi, kalahachi
clattering, kalahachi
claw, iyakchush
claw, bird's; hushi iyakchush
claw, to; kalli
clay, lukfi

clay, white; lukfi hata
clay cold, kapassa
clean; isht ahullochika, kashofa, ok-

shauanli, okshauashli
clean, to; kashoffi
clean, to make; kashoffichi

cleaning, lakoffi

cleanly, kashofa

cleanness, kashofa

cleanse, to; achefa, kashoj/l, kashojfichi,

lako/ichi

cleansed, kashofa
cleanser, kashoffi
cleansing, kashofa

clear; hanta, masheli, okshauanli, ok
shauashli, shahbi, shohkalali, tohchalali
clear, to; shahbichi, shohkalalichi
clear, to make; hantachi, okshauanlichi,

okshauashlichi, shohkawalichi
clear away, to; mashelichi
clear land, to; balli
clear off, to; masheli
cleared; kashofa, shahbi
cleared off, masheli
clearing, shahbika
clearly; haiaka, haiakat
clearness, shohkawali
cleave, to; bakapa, chilaktochi, chulakto-

chi, palalichih, palata, palalli, shimafa,

shimaffi
cleave to, to; aialbo, alapali, anuksita,

anuksitkachi, asitia, asseta, halalli
cleft; bakapa, palata, shimafa
cleft, a; bakapa, palata
clemency, chu^kash yohbi
clement, chunkash yohbi
clergy, aba anumpa isht atta aliha
clergyman, aba anumpa isht atta
clerk; aba anumpa isht atta, holissochi, na

holissochi

clever; chunkash yohbi, imponna
clevis, tali isht halalli
clevy, tali isht halalli
click, to; tikachi
cliff, sakti
cliffy, sakti f oka
clifty, sakti f oka
climb, to; iti oiya, oiya
climb up, to; apakchulli
climber; apakchulli, oiya
clinch, to; kiseli, yichiffit ishi
cling, to; apakchulli
cling to, to; apakshana, halalli
clink, chamak
clink, to; chamakachi
clip, a single; himonna tapli
clip, to; qmo, bashli, tabli, yushkabalichi
clip off, to; katelichi
clip off once, to; himonna tapli
clipped; almo, basha, tapa, yushkabali

412

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

clipping, tabli

clitoris, imoksini

cloak; anchi, ilefoka chito, nafoka chito

cloak, to; anchi, luhmi, na foka chito

fohka

cloak another, to; anchichechi, anchichi
clock, hashi isht ithana chito
clockmaker, hashi isht ithana ikbi
clod, lukfi lumbo
clog, to; oktabli, takalechi
close; achunanchi, afacha, anhollo, apoh-

tukih, bilinka, inhollo, itatoba kallo,

katanli, luma, nan inholitopa, nan

inhollo, takali
close, the; ataha, hokofa
close, to; akamali, akammi, akopulechi,

hokofa, hokoli, isht aiopichi, itakopulechi,

okhishta, okshita, ukhishta
close, to make; apohtukachi
close and light, to be; apohtuki
close by; bilinka, olanli, tomalusi
close the eye, to; mocholi, okhishta,

okmocholi, tobosinli, ukhishta
close the hand, to; ukhishta
close the lips tight, to; itakkomulih
close together; chikihah, itakantali
close together, to; itakopuli
close up, to; akmochi
closed; hokofa, okhilishta, okshillita
closed up; akmo, labli
closely, olanlisi
closet, abohushi

closet, to; abohushi fohki, luhmi
closeted, abohushi fohka
clot, walaha
clot, to; walaha
clot of blood, issish walakachi
cloth, nan tanna
cloth, black; nan lusa
cloth, checked; nan tanna basoa, nan

tanna holisso

cloth, floor; iti patalhpo umpatalhpo
cloth, large checked; nan tanna bakoa
cloth, striped; nan tanna basoa, nan

tanna shauiya

cloth, thick; nan tanna sukko
cloth, thin; nantapaski
cloth, white; na hata, nan tanna tohbi
cloth made of hair, nam panshi tanna
clothe, to; askufa, askufachcchi, asku-

fachi, fohka, fohkachi, hanaircU, ilcfoka,

•ilcfoka foka, ilcfoka fokachi, na foka

foka , na foka fokachcchi
clothed; abehkachi, fohka, ilcfoka foka,
na foka foka

clothes; anchi, ilefoka, na fohka
clothesbrush; ilefoka isht kashokachi, na

foka isht kasholichi
clothier; chukji hishi nan tanna aiskiachi,

nan tanna
clothing, na fohka
cloud; ahoshonti, hoshonti, hoshontika,

hoshontikilhkiki, okhapaioha
cloud, to; hoshonti, hoshontichi, oklilechi
cloud up, to; hoshonti toba
cloud-capped, hoshonti pit tikeli
clouded; hoshonti, hoshonti toba
cloudy; hoshonti, hoshontichi, okhapa-

yabi

clout; apokshiama, alhkqta, na lilafa
clout, to; akkalli, apokshiami, apok-

shiamichi
clouted; apokshiama, apokshiammi, alh-

kata

cloven; chilakto, chulakto
cloven foot or hoof; iyi chilakto, iyi

falakto

cloy, to; fihobli, yammichi
cloyed; fihopa, yammi
club; atashi, itashi, iti nipa, iti tapa, iti

taptua, tapena
clubfoot, iyi po^kshi
clubfooted, iiji ponkshi
cluck, to; kanlhkuha, tuktua
clump, bafalli talaia
clump (of trees), iti talaia
clumsy, u'eki

cluster; alokoli, lohto, lukoli, pokuspoa
cluster, to; lukoli, lukolichi
cluster of grapes, pokospoa
cluster of little bushes, bifisha
clustered; lohto, lukoli
clutch, to; yichiffit ishi
clutches, iyakchush
clutter, aiyokoma
clutter, to; aiyokomi
cluttered, aiyokoma
coach, iti chanaha holitopa
coach box, iti chanaha holitopa aiomanili
coachmaker, iti chanaha holitopa ikbi
coadjutor; apcla, apelachi
coagulate, to; iralaha, valahachi
coagulated, iralaha
coagulation, irahiha
coagulum, walaha
coal, tobaksi
coal, fire; tobaksi
coal, to; it obi la, tobaksi ikbi
coal, to make; tobaksi ikbi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

413

coal-black, tobaksi lusa ohmi

coal digger, tobaksi kulli

coal house, tobaksi inchuka

coal mine, tobaksakula

coal of fire, luak tobaksi

coalpit, tobaksatoba

coalpit, a fossil; tobaksakula

coalesce, to; apolukta, albo, polukta

coalition, fohka

coarse; lapushki, okshachinli, okshifeli,

sukko, shachanha, yauaha
coarse, to make; okshalinchi
coarse-grained, chichonli
coarseness, okshifeli
coast; oka aialaka, aiali, alaka, oka alaka,

oka ont alaka, yakni, yakni aiali
coasts of, yakni inkaniohmi
coat; askufa tapa, hakshup, hishi, ilefoka,

ilefoka lumbo, na fohka
coat, a great; nafoka chito
coat, a long; nafoka chashana
coat, a short; ilefoka kolofa, ilefoka

kololi

coat, a straight-bodied; na foka cha
shana

coax, to; haksichi
cob; api, tanch api, tansh api
cobble, to; akkalli
cobbler, shulush akalli
cobweb; chuklampulli, hachuklampuli,

tuklampuli

cock (faucet), oka abicheli
cock (rooster), aka^k nakni
cock, a brass; isht bicheli, oka isht

bicha, oka isht bicheli
cock, to; akachakali, hilechi
cock of a gun lock, luksifulup
cocked, hika

cockerel, akank nakni himmita
cockfight, aka^k nakni itibbi
cockle, to; yinyikechi, yinyiki
cocklebur, panshtali
cockled, yinyiki
cockroach; bila chapka, nani chapka, nia

chapka

coequal, itilaui, sipokni kat itilaui
coffee, kafi

cofi?ee, green; kafi okchimali
cofi'ee, Java; kafi tohbi
cofi?ee, strong; kafi homi
coffee, West India; kafi okchimali
coffee, white; kafi tohbi
coffee berry or seed, kafi nihi
coffee boiler, kafahonni

coffee cup, kafaiishko

coffee grounds, kafi lakchi

coffee mill, kafafotoha

coffee sack, bin, box, etc.; kafaialftto

coffee saucer, kafaiishko

coffeepot; chakli, kafahojini, kafaialhto

coffeepot spout, kafabicha

coffer; itombi, tali holisso aialhto

coffer, to; tali holisso aialhtofoki

coffer up, to; itombi abeli

coffered, itombi abeha

coffin, itombi

coffin, to; itombi fohki

coffin maker, itombi ikbi

cog; achushoa, afashkachi

cog, to; yimmichi

cogent; kallo, kilimpi

cogitate, to; anukfilli

cognate, isht atiaka

cognition, ikhana

cohabit, to; anta, auaya, ibaianta

cohere, to; asitia, albo

coherence, itasitia

cohort, tashka chipota talepa hanali

coif, ialipa

coif, to; ialipeli

coil, chanaha

coil, to; chanaha, chanahachi

coil of rope, aseta chanaha

coil up, to; chanaha

coiled up, chanaha

coin; talifehna, tali holisso

coin, gold; tali holisso lakna

coinage, tali holisso

coined, tali holisso

coiner, tali holisso ikbi

cold; ahochukwa, akmo, hochukwa, kapassa

cold, a; hochukwa, hotilhko, ibishano,
kapassa

cold, having a; nukshammi

cold, to have a; ibishano

cold climate, akapassaka

cold-hearted, chunkash kapassa

cold region, akapassaka

coldness; ahochukwa, ahochuku-achi, ka
passa

colic; iffuka hotupa, ikfuka hotupa, ikfuka
katapa

collander, asonalc aholuyachi

collar; iachunahika, ikonla afohoma,
ikonla inuchi, inuchi

collar, to; ikonla afohoma ishi, inuchi foki

collar bone, imiskauata

collar d, kalush

414

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

collation, impa iskitini

colleague; itqpela, itqpiha

collect, to; itahoba, itahobi, itahobli,

itanali, itanaha, itannali, itqnnalichi,

lukoli

collect debts, to; aheka
collect hay, to; hqshuk itannali
collected; itahoba, itanaha, lukoli
collection; alokoli,fohopa, hatak itahoba,

hatak itanaha, itahoba, itanaha
collective; itahoba, itanaha
collector, itannali
collector of toll, pqblikqn
college; holisso aiithqna chito, holisso

apisa chito
collide, to; mo

collier; tobaksi ikbi, tobaksi kulli
colliquate, to; bileli
collision, mo

colloquy; anwnpuli, itimanumpuli
colonel, minko
colonist, abenili
colonize, to; abinolichi, kanqllichit bini-

lichi, binilichi, binolichi
colonized, binili
colonizer, binolichi
colony; abenili, binili, wihat binili
color, shqpha
color, a dirty; taktaki
color, to give a dirty; taktakichi
color, to have a dirty; taktaki
color blue, to; okchamalichi
color green, to; okchamalichi
colored green, okchamali
colt, isubushi
colt, to; isubushi cheli
colter, yakni isht patafa tikbinhika
columbo, akshish lakna chito
column; anumpa bachaya, anumpa ba-

choha
comb; chaka, hakshup, hqshintak, isht

shilli, shalintak
comb, a coarse; hqshintak yauaha,

shalintak shachaha
comb, a cock's; im pasha
comb, a fine; issqp isht qlbi
comb, an ivory; issqp isht qlbi
comb, to; shilli
comb maker, shalintak ikbi
comb of a bumblebee, onsini hakshup
comb of a fowl, inrhaka
comb of a turkey, ibilatampa
combat, itibbi
combat, to; itibi

combat, to cause to; itibechi

combatant,, itibi

combed, shilla

comber, shilli

combination, ibafoka

combine, to; fohki, ibafoki, ibafokichi

combined; fohka, ibafoka

combustible, nana lua hinla

come I inta, yaki

come, to; ant, atanya, a™ya, qla, ela,

ilhkoli, ishla, ma™ya, minti, onna, toba
come, to begin to; mintahpi
come, to cause to; mintichi
come about, to; filimmi
come across, to; afama
come after, to; iakaiya
come again, to; falamqt qla
come against, to; insqnnih
come along (as a verbal message) to;

anumpa kochanli
come apart, to; koyofa, lilafa, tqpa,

tqptua

come at last, to; aiyala
come away, to; kanali
come by, to; ishi

come down, to; akkoa, qttqt akowa
come forth, to; kucha, wiha
come from, to; aminti, qttqt minti
come in, to; abehpa, chukoa
come in two, to; kolofa, litafa
come near, to; bilinka, bilinchi
come off, a; lakojffi
come off, to; alinfa, alikqchi, fakoha,

fakoli,fakopa, hokoli, issa, kolofa, kololi,

lakoffi, lonfa, loha, shuekqchi, shukali,

shunfa

come off at, to; akolofa
come open, to; patali
come out, to; a^sha kuchqt, auata,

haiaka, kucha, linfa, mokofa, shiha,

takoba kucha

come out, to cause to; akuchcchi
come out of, to akucha akuchau-iha,

kohcha

come out of the ground, to; shuekqchi
come over, to; lopulli
come round, to; apakfopa
come short, to; onachi
come through, to; lopulli
come to, to; qla, falamqt okcha, ona
come to hand, to; ibbak fohka
come to pieces, to; lishoa
come to several, to; hitohmona
come together, to; itakopuli, itanaha

BYINGTON] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

415

come under, to; nutaka ia

come up, to; afena, hokofa, offo

come up by the roots, to; teha, tinfa

come up with, to; sakki

come upon, to; onutula

come with, to; ta^kla minti

comely; aiukli, alhpesa

comer, a; qla, minti

comet; Jlchik pololi, fichik shobota

comfort, hopola

comfort, to; hopolachi, hopolalli, nukta-

lachi

comforted, hopola
comforter; hopolachi, hopolalli, nan

uktalali, nuktalali
coming, minti
coming- time, himmak pila
command, anumpa kallo
command, to; anumpa kallo onuchi,

apesa, miha

commanded, anumpa kallo onutula
commander; isht boa chito, iti isht boa

chito, minko
commandment; anumpa alhpisa, nan

alhpisa, nana alhpisa
commence, to; ia
commence from, to; aiali
commencement; ahpi, aiamona, aiisht

ia ammona, aiisht ia, ammona, isht ia

ammona

commencement of the day, nitak echi
commensurate, itilaui
comment, to; anumpuli
commentary; isht anumpa, isht

anumpuli

commentator, isht anumpuli
commerce, itatoba
commerce, to; itatoba
commingle, to; aiyummi
commingled, aiyuma
commiserate, to; nukhanklo
commission, to; atokoli
commissioned, alhtokoa
commissioner, hatak alhtoka
commissioner of the Government,

na hollo hochitoka
commit, to; ibbakfohki
commit unto, to; aianukcheto
committed; ibbakfohka, ibbak foka
committee; alhtoka, hatak nan apesa
committeeman, hatak alhtoka
commix, to; aiyummi
commixed, aiyuma

commodious, alhpesa
commodity, alhpoyak
commonly; atak, beka, chatok, chatuk,

ke, tak

commonwealth, ulhti achafa
commotion, tiwakachi
commune, to; anumpuli, qpa, oka

pa^ki

communicant, ibafoka
communicate, to; ima
communicate by letter, to; holisso-

chit anoli

communication; anumpa, chukulbi
community, okla
commutation, itatoba
commute, to; atobachi, itatoba, itato-

bachi

compact, to; akamassqli, ateli, atelichi
compacted; akamqssa, attia
companion; ahinna, apqha, ibachanfa,

ibafoka, ibaianta, ibaia^sha, ibaiishko,

itahina, itibafoka
companionship, chukulbi
company, ahinna

company, a; anya achafa, pelichi achafa
company, to; ibafoka
company of light horsemen, isuba

omanili tqshka qliha
company with, to go in; apcha
compare, to; hobachi
compared together, holba
comparison, holba
compass; aiali, apakfopa, falam isht

ikhqna, isht apesa, isht lanfi
compass, to; afolotqchi, apakfopa, qlh-

fullinchi

compassion; innukhanklo, nukhanklo
compassion, to exercise; nukhanklo
compassionate, nukhanklo
compassionate, to; nukhanklo
compatible, alhpesa
compel, to; atunshpalechi
compensate, to; atobbi
compensated, qlhtoba
compensation, qlhtoba
compete, to; apakna, pakna, imaiya
competent, alhpesa
competition, itimpakna
competitor, itimpakna
complacency, yukpa
complacent, yukpa
complainer, na miha shall
complaining, na miha shall

416

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

complete; aiqlhtaha, alhtaha, taha
complete, to; atali, loshummi, lushomi,

taha, tali, tomqjji
completed; aiqlhtaha, ataha, alhtaha,

bakqsto, lushoma, taha, tomafa
completely; bano, taha
completes, one who; tomaffi
completion; aialhtaha, ataha
completion, to have a; ataha
compliment, aiokpachi
comply, to; ahni, aia^lichi, alhpesa ahni,

haklo
compose, to; holissochi, hopolqchi, nuk-

talali

composed; holisso, nuktala
composed, to be; hopola
composer, holissochi
composition, holisso
compound, to; aiyummi
compounded, aiyuma
comprehend, to; akostininchi, nukfoka
comprehension, imanukfila kallo
compress, to; atelichi
compressed, attia
compression, atelichi
computation, holhtina
compute, to; hotina
computed, holhtena
computer, hotina
comrade; itibafoka, onochi
concatenate, to; takalechi
concatenated, takali
concatenation, itatakali
concave; kafakbi, kofussa
concave, made; kafakbi
conceal, to; aluhmi, luhmi, lumpuli
concealed; luma, lumboa
concealment, aluma
concede, to; yohini
conceit, imanukfila
conceit, to; anukfilli
conceive, to; anukfdli, alia infoka,

f oh lea, shall, ushi infohka
conceived; afohka, aiitiht inchakali
concern; ahalaia, halai>/a, llanyak, isht

ahalaia, nana

concern, object of; nan isht ahalaia
concern, to; ahalaia
concern, to have; ahalaia
concerned; ahalaia, halaii/a
concerning; innna, isht
concert, aj)csa

concert together, to; apcsa
concession; anoli, ilanoli
conciliate, to; hopolalli, nan aiyachi

conciliated; hopola, nan aiya, nuktala
conclude, to; ahokoffichi, apesa, atali
concluded; ahokofa, ataha, alhpesa
conclusion; aiali, isht aiopi
concord, imanukfila achqfa
concourse; itahoba, itanaha
concubine; aiina, itaiena
concur, to; imanukfila itibafoka
concussion, itaiisso
condemn, to; anumpa kallo onuchi,

anwnpa onuchi, ilbashali, onochi
condemned; anumpa kallo onutula,

anumpa onutula
condescend, to; akkachunoli
condition, aiahanta
condole, to; ibanukhanklo
conduct; nana akaniohmi, nana kani-

ohmi
conduct, to; any a, halqlli, ilaueli, ilauet

any a, pelichi, tikba heka
conductor; ilaueli, isht a^ya, tikba heka
conduit; atanya, oka abicheli
confer, to; ima

conference; anumpuli, itimanumpuli
confess, to; anoli, ilanoli
confession; anoli, ilanoli
confessor; anoli, ilanoli
confide, to; anukcheto, yimmi
confidence; aianukcheto, aiyimmika,

anukcheto

confidence, to have; yimmi
confident, yimmi
confiding, anukcheto
confine, aiali
confine, to; aboha kallo foki, holihta

fohki, takchi
confined; aboha kallo foka, alia eshi,

talakchi

confinement, yuka
confirm, to; kamassalli, kallochi
confirmed; kamassa, kallo
conflagration; holukmi, holushmi, hush-
mi, lua, luak chito
conflict, itibbi

conflict, to; itibi, itishi, mokafa
confluence, aiitafama
confluent, ibalhto
conform, to; antia, hobachi
confound, to; ibakali
confound together, to; l-nli
confounded; a'ujokoina, ibakaha
confounded together, kaha
confront, to; asonali
confuse, to; haksubachi, ibakali
confused, haksuba

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

417

confused together, aiyokoma
confusion; aiyokoma, haksuba
congeal, to; akalapechi, akalapi, akmo,

akmochi, hakmo, hakmuchi,walaha, wala-

hachi
congealed; akalapi, akmo, hakmo, ka-

lampi, walaha
congelation, hakmo
congratulate, to; aiokpachi
congregate, to; ilahoba, itahobi, ita-

hobli, itanaha, itanahachi, itannali
congregated, itanaha
congregation, hatak itahoba, hatak

itanaha, itanaha
Congress; aboha hanta okla, Kankish,

na hollo hochitoka
conjecture, to; ahoba, himak fokalit

miha

conjoin, to; ibafoki
conjoined, ibafoka
con jura tion;/a£>po, isht ahollo
conjure, to; isht ahollo ilahobi
conjure (at the ball play), to; apolumi
conjurer, hatak fappo
conjurer at ball plays, apoluma
connect, to; takalechi
connected, takali

conquer, to; ilissachi, imaiya, imaiyachi
conqueror; ilissachi, imaiya, imaiyachi
conquest, imaiya
conscience; chunkash, imanukjila, nan

isht ilakoslininchi
conscientious; anli, imanukjila anli a-

chuknta

conscious, ikhana
consecrate, to; holitoblichi
consecrated, holitopa
consecrated object, na holloka
consent, to; alhpesa ahni
consequential; fehnachi, ilefehnachi
consequently, chumba
conserve, to; okchalinchi
consider, to; akostininchi, anukfilli, pisa
considerable, laua chuhmi
considerably, to do; fehna
considerate; ahah ahni, hopoksia, nuk-

tola

consideration, imanukjila
considered, anukfila
consider er, anukjilli
consign, to; ibbakj'ohki, ima
consistent, alhpesa
consociate, to; ibafoka, ibafoki
consociated, ibafoka

84339 °— Bull. 4G-- 15 27

consociation, ibafoka

consolation; chunkash yukpa, nana isht

ilaiyukpa

console, to; chu™kash yukpali, hopolalli
consolidate, to; akamassali, kallochi
consolidated; akamassa, kallo
consort; hatak, itahina, tekchi
consort together, to; ahinna
conspicuous; haiaka, mabi
conspire, to; luhmit nana apesa
constable; hatak takchi, na hollo takchi
constellation, fichik lukoli
constituent, tashka
constitute, to; ikbi
constitution, anumpa alhpisa
constrain, to; miha, takchi, yukachi
constrained; talakchi, yuka
construct, to; ikbi
construe, to; anumpa tosholi, alhtoshoh,

tosholi

construed; alhtoshoa, toshoa
consul; anumpeshi, minko imanumpcshi
consult, to; ponaklo
consultation, ponaklo
consume, to; aluachi, apat tali, lua,

okpani, okpanit tali
consumed; aiiksho, lua taha, okpulo
consumer, hukmi
consummate, to; tali
consummated, alhtaha
consummation, alhtaha
consumption, shilukpa lachowa
consumption, a; nukshulla
contagion; abeka haleli, haleli
contagious, abeka haleli
contain, to; alhto
contaminate, to; okpani
contaminated, okpulo
contemn, to; shittilema
contemner, shittilema
contemplate, to; ahni, anukfilli
contemplation, imanukjila
contemplator, anukfilli
contempt; makhaloka, isht ikinahno,

yuala

contempt, a -word of; yammak haloka
contemptible; -isht ikinahno, makali
contend, to; achowa, afoa, itibi, olabbi
contend in conversation, to; shahsho-

lech i
contented; alhpesa, alhpesa ahni, nuk-

tala
contention; itachoa, itimafoa, itimo-

labbi, itinnukoa

418

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

contentment, nuktala

contest; itibbi, itimafoa, itimanumpuli

contest, to; afoa, anumpuli

contiguous; apunta, bilinka

continent; hopoksia, kostini

continent, a; yakni, yakni haknip

continual, bilia

continual, to make; biliachi

continually, bilia

continuation; achaka, chqkbi, moma

continue, to; achakalechi, achakqlechi,

achakqli, achunanchi, ansha, bilia, manya,

moma

continue at, to; aiitachakqlli
continue evermore, to; bilia
continued, achaka
contract; apesa, itimapesa
contract, to; apesa, bqshi, bochupha,

itatoba, shikoj/i, shila, shinoli, yushtolo-

lichi

contracted; bashi, shila
contractor; itatoba, nan chumpa, nan

tohno
contradict, to; a^li, ichapa, keyuachi,

yohmi

contrary, inla
contrary, a; ichapa
contribute, to; ibafoki, itannali
contributed, itanaha
contribution; ibafoka, ibakaha, itanaha,

itibafoka

contributor, ibafoki
contrite; ilbasha, kobafa, litoa, nukha^klo
control, to; pelichi
controller, pelichi
controversy, anumpa itinlaua
controversy, to have a; anumpa itin
laua

contumacy; afoa, ilafoa
contuse, to; kalali, litoli
contused; kala, litoa
contusion; kala, litoa
convalescent; kanihmi, lakojfit isht ia
covenant, to; apesa
convene, to; itahoba, itahobi, itahobli,

itanaha, itannali
convened; itahoba, itanaha
convener; itahobi, itahobli, itannali
convenience, alhpesa
convenient, alhpesa
convention; hotak itanaha, itahoba, itq-

naha

conversation, // ini a n urn pull
converse together, to; anumpuli

conversion; aba anumpuli toba, inlat toba

convert, aba anumpuli toba

convert, to; aba anumpuli ikbi, hopoy-
uksqlli, inlqchi

converted; inla toba, inlat toba

convex, lumbo

convey, to; anya, ima, kanchi, pila, shall

convey (news), to; anoli

conveyer; isht ia, shall

convince, to; yimmichi

convinced, yimmi

convocation, itanaha

convoke, to; itannali

convoked, itanaha

convoy, to; pelichi

convulse, to; haiuchi, haiuchichi

convulsed, haiuchi

convulsion, haiuchi

cony, chukfi

cony burrow, chuk/aluma

coo, to; ola

cook; honi, hoponi, laboshli, na hoponi

cook, to; honi, hoponi, laboshli, nuna,
nunachi

cook, to make; honichi

cook in the kernel, to; luboni

cook room; aboha ahoponi, ahoponi

cooked; holhponi, honni, labocha, nuna

cool; kapqssqchi, nuktala

cool, to; hakmo, hakmuchi, kapgssa, kapqs
sqchi, kapqssqlli, nuktalali, nuktala,
shippa, shippqchechi, shippqchi, shippqli

cooled; hakmo, kapqssa, nuktala, shippa,
shippqchi

coolish, ahochukwqchi

coop, to; chukafoki

cooped, chukafoka

cooper; itampikbi, itqlhfoa chito ikbi,
itqlhfoa ikbi

cooperate, to; toksqli

copartner, apelachi

copartnership, itapelachi

copied, qlbitqt holisso

copier, holissochi

copious; apakna, laua

copper; tali holisso lakna, tali lakna

copperas, nan isht laknqchi

coppersmith, tali lakna ikbi

copy, qlbitqt holisso

copy, to; qlbitet holissochi, hobachit holis
sochi, hobachit ikbi

copyist, hobachit holissochi

cord; ascta, hakshish, ponokqHopqna

cord, a large; hakshish chito

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

419.

cord, to; aseta

cord maker, asctikbi

cordage for a vessel, pinqsh

corded, talakchi

cordial, anli

cordial, a; ikhinsh chunkqsh libishli

core; iffuka, iskuna, nihi

core of a boil, nishkin

cork; isht alhkama, kotoba isht alhkama,

oka abicha isht alhkama
cork, to; akamqli, akamoli
corn; onush, tanchi
corn, a; nihi, sqlbo

corn, a grain or kernel of; tansh nihi
corn, an ear of; tanch ampi
corn, bread; tanchi paska atoba
corn, broom; tanchi isht pashpoa
corn, Canada; tansh ushi
corn, dry; tansh shila
corn, flint; tanchi limimpa, tansh kqllo
corn, flour; tansh haksi
corn, ground; tanchi aholokchi, tansh

fotoha

corn, Indian; tanchi
corn, parched; onush qlwqsha
corn, pop; tansh bokanli
corn, ripe; tansh shila, tansh waya
corn, shucked; tansh lufa
corn, small; tansh ushi
corn, sweet; shinoa, tanchi shikoa
corn, to; hqpi yqmmichi
corn, white; tansh haksi
corn blade, tanchi hishi
corn bran; pishilukchi, tansh hoshunluk
corn bread; naksakawa, tanchi paska
corn chaff, tansh haklupish
corn dough, tansh yammqska
corn fodder; tanchi hishi, tansh hishi
corn fodder, a bundle of; tanchi hishi

sita

corn harvest, tansh hoyo
corn house, kanchqk
corn husk, tanchi hakshup
corn leaves, tanchi hishi
corn loft, kanchqk
corn meal; tanchi pushi, tansh fotoha,

tansh pushi
corn measure; tanchi isht qlhpisa, tansh

isht qlhpisa

corn mill; tansh afotoha, tansJi afotoha
corn on the foot, salbo
corn shuck, tanchi hakshup
corn silk; tanchiinpashi, tansh panshi
corn silk when dry, tansh panshi holusi

corn sucker; tanchi apqfa, apulli, tansh

akka pushli, tansh qpatulli
corn tassel; hinak, okhinak, taticld

habali, tansh hinak
corn tied up, tansh shikowa
corncob; qpi, tanch qpi,
corncrib; kanchqk, pihcha
corner; achukbi, aiokhqnkqchi, aiyuk-

hqna, naksika, naksinka
corner, inside; chukbi, chukbika
corner of a field, shokulbi
corner of the eye, nishkin u-ishakchi
corner of the eye, the flesh in the;

nishkin nukbilankchi
corners, having; takastua
corners, to have; tqshiha
corners of streets, itaiyukhqna
cornfield, osapa
cornstalk; qpi, tansh qpi
coronation; minko aiokpqchi, minkochi
coronet, iachuka
corpse; hatak illi, nan illi
corpulent, nia
correct; anli, qlhpesa
correct, to; aiskiachi, qlhpesqchi, fqmmi
corrected; aiskia, qlhpesa
corrected again, atuklant aiskia
correspond, to; holissochi
corroborate, to; kqllochi, lampkuchi
corrode (as copper;, to; okchamalichi
corrupt; okpulo, toshbi
corrupt, to; okpqni, okpulo, shua, shua-

chi, toshbi, toshbichechi
corrupted; okpulo, shua, toshbi
corruption, aninchichi
corse, hatak illi
cost; aiqlbi, aiilli, qlbi
cost, to; aiilli
cost free, aiilli iksho
costive, alaka ikaiyu
costly; aiilli atqpa, aiilli chito
cot; aboha iskitini, abohushi, chukushi,

ibbak ushi f oka, topa iskitini
cottage; abohushi, chukushi
cottager, abohush qtta
cotton; pokpo, ponola
cotton, carded; ponol lapushki, pono-

shiahchi

cotton, ginned; ponola nihi
cotton, spun; ponola shqna
cotton, twisted; ponoshqna
cotton, woven; ponola tqnna
cotton bale, ponola qni
cotton cards, ponola isht shiahchi

420

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

cotton cloth, ponola tanna

cotton gin; ponola anihelichi, ponola

anihi
cotton gin, large; ponola anihelichi

chito

cotton plant, ponolapi
cotton pods, ponobokanli
cotton thread; ponola, ponola shana
cotton thread, coarse; ponola okshi

chanli

cotton yarn; ponola, ponola shana
cottonseed; ponola nihi, ponola pehna
cottonwood tree, ashumbala
couch; anusi, onitola, patalhpo, topa
couch, to; boli, hachukbilhka, itola, luhmi
cough, hotilhko
cough, to; hotilhko
could; hinlatok, hinlatuk
could have; ahinlatok, ahinlatuk, hinla
tok, hinlatuk
council; aianumpuli, hatak hochitoka

itanaha, hatak itanaha, nan apesa aleha
council fire, aiulhti
council ground; aianumpulika, hatak

aianumpuli
council house; aianumpuli chuka, chuka

hanta, hatak aianumpuli chuka
councilor; hatak anumponli, nan inmiya
counsel; anumpa, imanukfila
counsel, to; anumpuli, nanukachi
counselor; anumpuli, hatak anumponli,

miha'

count, holhpena
count, to; hopena, hotina
count upon, to; ahni, anukfilli
counted; holhpena, holhtena
countenance, nashuka
counter; hopena, hotina, na hotina, nan

tanna aiapesa
counterfeit, holabi

counterfeit note, holisso lapushki okpulo
counterfeit paper money, to; holisso

lapushki okpulo ikbi
country, yakni
country, a bad; yakni okpulo
country, a good; yaknt achukma
country, one; yakni
countrymen, <>l:la cfiafa
couple, a; itauai/a, tuklo
couple, to; apotoli, auaya, iiauaya
courage; ali/iniila, y tin in to
courage, to have; antoshuli
courageous; nakni, nukicia iksho

course; apelichi, bachali, bachaya, bachoha,

shachaha
course, to; hoyo, maleli, malelichi,

silhhi, yilepa

courser; isuba, isuba shinimpa
court; hatak nan apesa, holihta, kasbi,

wanuta

courteous; achukma, aiokpanchi
courtesy, to; bikuttokachi
cousin; anki, apokni, amafo, amoshi,

imanni, impusnahii, ilibapishi 'toba,

nakfish
covenant; anumpa alhpisa, anumpa

itimapesa, nan itimapesa, nana alhpisa,
covenant, to; anumpa itimapesa
covenanted, anumpa itimalhpisa
cover; ialipa, o^lipa, umpqta, umpoholmo
cover, to; apohkochi, homo, ishi, luhmi,

ohulmochi, ompohomo, umpohomi, um-

pohomo

cover of a box, itombi onlipa
cover over, to; patali, umpohomi
cover with boards, to; umpohomi
covered; apohko, holmo, alhpohomo,

ialipa, luma, ohulmo, ompoholmo, ulh-

pohomo, umpalalhpo, umpoholmo
covering; alata,-holmo, isht umpohohno,

ompoholmo, umpoholmo
covering for a house, chuka isht holmo
covering of a camp, alipo
coverlet; anchi, topa umpatalhpo
covet, to; anushkunna, bannafchna
covetous; bannafehna, tali holisso ahni-

chi

cow; irak, wak tek
cow, dun-colored; shakbona
cow, line-back; wak nali tohbi
cow, milch; wak bishahchi
cow, old; wak ishki
cow, to; nukshobli
cow, white-back; wak nali tohbi
cow, yearling; leak afammi
cow, young; wak tck himmeta
cow brand, wak isht inchunwa
cow dung, wak i^yalhki
cow path, irak aiitanowa
cow range; wak aiimpa, wak aiitanowa
cow trail, u-ak aiitanowa
cow trough, wak aiimpa
cow whip, wak ishtfama
cow without horns; wak lapish iksho,

wak yushkoboli
cow yard; holihta, wak inholihta

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

421

coward; hatak hobgk, hobgk, isht ilaueli

cowardly; hobak, hobak chohmi, isht ilaueli

cowed, nukshopa

cower, to; bikuttokgchi

cowhide, wak hakshup

cowlick; panshi imahaiya, wak inlukfgpa

cowpen, wak i^holihta

coxcomb; hatak ilakshema shali, hatak
shema shali

coy; hopoksia, nukshopa, nuktanla

coyness, nukshopa

cozen, to; haksichi

cozened, haksi

cozener, haksichi

crab grass, hgshuk pgta

crack; bisanlih, bitanli, bokafa, fachanli,
kichanli, kichaya, kisali, koa, pachanli,
pachashli, palak, wakalali, wakla

crack, a large; kitafa, kitanli

crack, a small; kisanya

crack, to; basisakgchi, kaloli, kichali,
kichanli, kichanlichi, kichaya, kichaygchi,
kisaha, kisali, kisalichi, kisanya, kisaygchi,
kitanli, kitanlichi, kitgffi, koa, kokoa,
kokuli, koli, lallichi, pachanli, pakulli,
palakachi, wakalali

crack, to cause to; kichanlichi, wakala-
lichi, waklgchi

crack a whip, to; lukatolachi

crack open, to; bitanli, bitanlichi, bitg-
tanya, bokalichi, fachanli, fgchanli, fi-
chanli, kitafa, pachashli, v:akla

crack open, to cause to; pachanlichi

cracked; bokafa, kichanli, kichaya, kisali,
kisanya, kitafa, kitanli, koa, kokoa,
Utilakgchi, pachanli, irakalali

cracked and curled up, kasha

cracked open; bitanli, fichanli, wakla

cracker, pgska kgllo

cracking open, fichanli

crackle, to; libbachih

cracknel, pasha

cracks; palalak

cradle; alia anusi, onush isht glmo

cradle, to; alia anusi foki, onush gmo

cradle scythe, onush isht bgsha

craft, imponna

crafty, imponna

cram, to; atelichi, isikopa

cramp, linfa

cramp, to; linfa

cramp in the foot, iyi Unfa

cramp in the hand, chukji yoba

cramped foot, iyi linfa

crane (bird), watonlak

crane (for a kettle), osonak alakali

crane (of wood), iti kusha yuiyn

crane, a small white; uskgp

crane, a white sand-hill; watonlak oshi

crane, the white; oskan

cranium, 7iushkobo font

crank, ishtfali

crash, to; bimihgchi, bimimpa, kalali,
litoli

crater, itopa

cravat; inuchi, nantapgski inuchi

crave, to; asilhha, bgnna

crave meat, to; pushkgno

crawfish, shakchi

crawl, to; balali

crawler, balali

craze, to; tasembochi

crazed, tasembo

craziness, tasembo

crazy, okpulot taha

creak, kgchakgchi

creak, to; kgchakgchi

creak, to make; kgchakgchechi

creaking, kgchakgchi

cream; glmochi, pishukchi nia, pishukchi
pakna

cream bowl, pishukchi nia aiglhto

cream pot, pishukchi nia aiglhto

crease, fanfa

crease, to; lanji

crease in the skin, yanfa

creased, shikoli

creases on a screw, shikoha

create, to; ikbi, tobachi

created, loba

creation, toba

creator, ikbi

creature, bad; nan okpulo

credible, yimmdhe glhpesa

credit; holitopa, yimmi

credit, to; ahekgchi, yimmi

credited; aheka, yimmi

creditor; aheka ishi, ahekgchi, nan ahe
kgchi

credulous, yimmi shali

creek, bok

creek, a long; bokfala'ia

creep, to; balali, balglli

creep after, to; apali

creeper; balali, balglli

crest; impasha, shikopa

crest of a turkey, ibilatampa

crevice; bitanli, icakalali. wakla

422

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

crew, hatak kanomona

crib; alia anusi, isuba aiimpa peni,

kanchqk

cricket; aionasha, iti wanya, shalontaki
crier; hatak pa^ya, nan anoli, nan i^hoa,

pafnya

cries, one who; yaiya
crime, anumpa kobqffi
criminal; anumpa kobqffi, na haksi
crimson, humma

cripple; hatak iksitopo, kinqfkali, sitopa
cripple, to; sitopa
crisp, a; yikottakachi, yikotua
crisp, to; bokusa, yikoli, yikota, yikotqchi,

yikotua, yikutkqchi
crisped; bokusa, yikokoa, yikota, yikotua,

yikutkqchi

critical time, aiqlhpesa
croak, to; ola
crock, to; lusachi
crockery; amphqta, ampo
crockery shelf, ampo atqla
crook; chasaloha, chawqna, chinachubi,

chinakbi, kofunoha, tanakbi, tanantobi
crook, to; chasqlachi, shanaiqchi, sha-
naioli, tanantobichi, tanakbichi, tanqlloli,
tonokbichi, yfayikechi
crook, to make a; chinakbichi
crooked; bokota, chanakbi, chasaloha,
chasqla, chawqna, chikisanali, china
chubi, chinakbi, folota, folotoa, fulomoli,
kofuna, kofunoha, koshuna, panqla,
shanaia, shanaioa, tanakbi, tanantobi,
tanqlloha, tannqlla, tobbonoa, tonokbi,
yinyiki, yunyuki

crooked, to make; chasalohqchi, china-
chubichi, chinakbichi, koshunqchi, tanan
tobichi, tanqllachi, tobbonachi, tonok
bichi

crooked, to stand, auatali
crooked leg; iyi tanakbi, iyi tanqlla
crookedness, shanaia
crop; airaya, hqlip, na uaya
crop, to; amo, kashoffichi, tqptuli
crop close off, to; okmilolichi
crop grass, hqshuk pqla
crop of a fowl, impafakchi
cropped; qlnto, iqptua
cropped ears, haksobish qlrno
cropped short, to be; okmiloli
cropped tail, Ji'isimbixh tapa
cross (angry); banshkiksho, hasha^ya,
nukoa

cross (intersecting lines); aiyukhqna,

hqshanya, ilepushpuli, itaiyukhqna, iti

taiyukhqna, iyukhqna, nan aiyukhqna
cross, to; aiyukhqna, aiyukhqnni, apo-

lomi, apolomolili, chukashaya, iyuk-

hqnnali, lopulli, okhoatali, olqbbi
cross, to make one; hqshanyqchi
cross a row, to; aiyukhaneli
cross another road, to; hina qbanqbli,

hinakfoata
cross-eyed; nishkin itasunali, nishkin

itiopitama, nishkin okhaiyanli, nishkin

shanaiya, okhaiyanli.
cross-legged, iyi ilqbanali
cross out, to; kashoffi
cross over, to; tanapoli, tanqbli
cross over another road, to; hina

onhanqbli

cross the legs, to; iyi itqbanali
crossbar, okhoatkqchi
crossed, iyukhqnna
crosses over, one who; tanqbli
crossing, alopulli
crossing place, akucha
crosspiece; okhoataka, okhoatkqchi
crossroad; hina qbanqbli, hina onhanqbli,

hinakfoata

crossway, bok itipatqlhpo
crosswise; ofataiya, okhoata, okhoata-

kachi

crotch, fa lak to
crotched, falakto
crouch, to; akkachunoli, bikota
croup, hqtip
crow, fqla
crow, to; akank ola, ilauata, ilcfehnqchi,

ola

crow, young; fqlushi
crowbar; isht tonolichi, tali isht afuini
crowd; hatak laua, laua
crowd, to; atelichi, atclifa, atdifichi, kan-

tali

crowded; alota, atelifa
crowing, ola

crowing, the time of cock; akank ohi
crown; aialipa, iachuka, minko imiachuka
crown, to; bitelichi. viinko ikbi
crown of a hat, pakna^ka
crown of a hill; nqnih paknaka, pak-

nanka

crown of the head, nushkobo iyofa^fo
crowned; winko, wfrko toba
crucify, to; iti taiyukhqna ahonqlichi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

423

crude; imponna, nuna, okchanki
cruel; halhpansha iksho, palammi
crumble, to; boshulli, boshullichi, lishoa,

lisholili, tushtua
crumble off, to; liiveli
crumbled; boshulli, tushtua
crumbs; boshulli, lishoa, tushtua
crunch, to; kapulhachi
crupper, hasimbish foka
crush, to; kalali, litoli
crushed; kala, litoa
crust, hakshup
crust, to; hakshup ikbi
crutch; isht ilaneli, isht tabeli, tabi
crutches, iti taptua isht nowa
cry; isht tahpala, nan nusi, panya, yaiya
cry, to; akank ola, bolunkboa, linsa, panya,

tahpala, yaiya, yanwa
cry, to cause to; panyachi
cry about, to; yaiya
cry for each other, to; yaiya
cry for the dead; nan anusi, yanusi
cry on account of, to; yaiya
cry out, to; panya
crying, yaiya
crying, one who is addicted to; yaiya

shall

cub, nitushi
cub, fox; chula ushi
cub, to; cheli
cubit, kubit
cucumber; na hollo imokchank, okchank

holba

cud, hopansa

cudgel; atashi, itashi, iti tapena
cuff; ibbak tilokachi afohoma, ilefoka sha-

kba afohoma, shakba apoloma
cuff, to; mo, pasaha, pasalichi
cull, to; aiyoa
culled, aiyua

culprit; anumpa kobaffi, hatak haksi
cultivate, to; toksali
cultivate a field, to; osapa pilcsa
cultivated fruits; nan apoba, nan

alhpoa

cultivated plants, nan alhpoa
cultivated trees; nan apoba, nan alhpoa
cultivated vegetables, nan apoba
cumber, to; ataklammi, okpanichi
cumbered, ataklama
cumulate, to; itannali
cunning; alalichi, haksi, imponna
cup; chakli, isht ishko
cup, small; isht ishkushi

cup, tea; isht ishkushi

cup, tin; isht ishko latassa

cup, to; luli

cup with a horn, to; lapish intakalichi

cupboard, kapbat

cupidity, holitopa banna

cupped, laha

cupper, lali

cur, ofi

curable; atta hinla, lakoffa hinla

curator, apesachi

curb, to; fololichi

curb chain, nutakfa isht atapachi

curb strap, nutakfa isht atapachi

curdle, to; hauashko, walaha, walahachi

curdled; walanto, walaha

cure; lakoffi, lakonffi,

cure, to; lakojfichi, masalichi, mominchi,

na lakofichi, shila, shileli
cure grass, to; hashuk shileli
cure over a fire, to; abani, albani
cured; albani, atta, chanla, lakojfi, shila
cured, a person; na lakofi
cureless, lakoffahe keyu
curer; abani, allikchi, attachi, lakojfichi,

na lakojichi
curl, to; bochusachi, bonunta, chanaha,

yinyikechi, yinyiki, yushbonuli
curl hair, to; yikowa, yushbonulichi
curl up, to; bochusa, lasimo
curled; yinyiki, yushbonoli
curled hair, having; yushbonuli
curled up, kusha
curling; yinyiki
curly headed, yushbonuli
current, himak
current of air, mali
current of water, yanalli
curried, shilla

currier, wak hakshup shemachi
curries, one who; shilli
curry, to; shilli, u-ak hakshup lusachi
currycomb, isuba isht inshilli
curse; anumpa kallo onutula, kalakshi,

isht aiinpalammi, na palammi, nam

palammi
curse, to; anumpa kallo onuchi, ilbashali,

isikkopali, kalakshichi, na mihachi
cursed; anumpa kallo onutula, ilbasha,

isikkopa, kalakshi
cursing, isht aiinpalammi
cursory; palhki, tush pa
curtail, to; yushkobolichi
curtain, nan tanna aba takali

424

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

curvated, tobbona

curve, a; mahaia, tanakbi, tobbona

curve, to; mahaia, tobbonachi

curved; mahaia, tobbonnoa

curving, tanakbi

cushion; aionasha umpatqlhpo, apatqlh-

po, umpatalhpo

cushion, a pin; chufak ushi ashamoli
custody; apistikcli, yuka
custom; aiimqlhpesa, aiimomaka, imo-

mqchi, nan qlhpisa, yohmi
custom, receipt of; tali holisso aiitahoba,

tali holisso aiitannali
customer, itatoba

customhouse, tali holisso aiitannali
cut; atila, qlmo, bqsha, chanya, chula,

hobak, shanfa
cut, a; abqsha, achanya, basha, bqshli, ko-

lofa, mitelichi
cut, to; abqshli, atilichi, qmo, bqshli,

chanli, hobak ikbi, kacheli, shanfi, tusha-

lichi, tushli

cut across, to; lopulli
cut and see, to; basht pisa
cut asunder, to; ahokoffi,
cut down, to; akkakoli, chant akkqchi,

chant Tcinqffi
cut in two, to; tabli
cut into thin pieces, pasa
cut off; hokofa, hokoli, katapa, kolofa,

kololi, nachofa, naha, nipafa
cut off, piece; ahokunfa
cut off, to; abit tali, basht tapli, basht

tushaffi, chant tapli, chulaffi, hokojfi,

hokolichi, katapoli, katijfi, katoli, kolo-

lichi, koluffi, koyoffi, nacholi, nachuffi,

nalichi, nipalichi, tabli, tushajffi tushli
cut off at; ahokofa, akolofa
cut off at, to; ahokoffi, akolujffi
cut off pieces, to; tushtuli
cut open, pa tali
cut open, to; pataffi
cut open a blood vessel, to; kitiffl
cut out, to; chuli, shukli
cut the ears, to; haksobish bashli, ok-

miloli, okrnilol ich i

cut the hair, to; okmiloli, okmilolichi
cut wheat, to; onush amo
cut with shears; karha^i/a, kalasha
cut with shears, to; l-alashli, kqhchi
cut up; hokoli, katola, tushtua
cut up (as grass); okchaha
cut up, to; hokolichi
cut up underbrush, to; bqlli

cuticle, hakshup

cutter; bqshli, iti bqshli, iti chanli

cutting block, acha^ya

cutting-off place, atoshafa

cutworm, haiyowqni

cygnet, okak ushi

czar

dagger, bqshpofalaia

dagger, to; bali

daily; nitak atukma, nitak moma, onna

dainty, shohwalqshli

dairy, pishukchi ataloha

dairyman, hatak pishukchikanchi

dale, ok/a

dam; ishki, isht oktqpa, oktqpa

dam, to; oktqbli, oktqptuli

damage, to; okpqni, okpulo

damaged, okpulo

damages, qlhtoba

dame, ohoyo

dame, school; ohoyo holisso pisachi

dammed, oktqpa

damn, to; aiokpuloka foki, anumpa kqllo

miha, anumpa kqllo onuchi
damnable, ilbqshahe qlhpesa
damned; aiokpuloka chukoa, aiokpuloka

foka

damnified, okpulo
damnify, to; okpqni
damp; hotokbi, lacha, shummi
damped; hotokbi, kapqssa
dampen, to; hotokbichi, shummichi
dampened, shummi
dampened (as to the feelings), ima-

nukfila akanlusi
dampness, shummi
dams, one who; oktqbli
damsel; ohoyo himmita, yash
dance; chepulli, hila
dance, a kind of; nakni hila, nashoba

hila
dance, to; chcpulcchi, chepulli, hila,

panshi isht hila
dance, to cause to; h-ilqchi
dance at or on, to; ahila
dancer; hila, na hila
dandle, to; alia sholi
dandruff; kotonli, isuba fochunli, nush-

kobo fochonli
dandy, hatak shcma shali
danger; aleka, hepulla
dangle, to; fahakqchi, takant fahakqchi
dank, shummi

BYINCITOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

425

dapple, bakoa

dapple, to; bakoachi

dappled, bakoa

dare, to; nukwia iksho, panfi

dark; lusa, oklusbi, oklili, okpolusbi,

okshochobi, tampi
dark place, oklileka
dark, the; aioklileka, oklileka
dark, to render it; okpolusbichi
dark-brown, holunsi
dark-colored; alusachi, lusluki
darken, to; lusachi, hoshontichi, oklilechi,

oklili

darkened, oklili
darkish., oklusbi
darkness; aioklileka, aioklili, aioklili^ka,

aioklilfakaka, oklileka, oklili, oklilinka
darkness, night; ninak oklili
darkness, to produce; oklilechi
darling, holitopa
darn, to; achunli
dart; isht hunsa, naki
dart, to; lipa, naki pila, pqlhki
dash, to; pokafa
dash against, to; pokafa
dash to pieces, to; kobullichi
dash water, to; oka pokafa
dastard, hobak
date, nitak

date, to; nitak holhtina takalichi
dated, nitak holhtina takali
daub, to; apolusli
daubed; apolusa, alhpolosa
dauber, apolusli
daubing; apolusa, isht alhpolosa
daughter; iso tek, oshetik, sqso tek, ushe-

tik, ushi tek

daughter-in-law, ippok.
daunt, to; chu^kqsh akkalusechi, nuk-

shobli

daunted; chu^kash akka^lusi, nukshopa
dawn; qmmona, nitak tohwikeli, okli-

linchi, onnat isht inchi, onnat minti,

onnat tohwikeli
dawn, to; oklilinchi, onnat isht inchi,

onnat minti
day; nitak, nusi, onna
day, all; shohbi
day, close of the; shohbi
day, next; onna
day, one; nitak achafa
day, this; himak nitak
day after to-morrow, misha

day after to-morrow, on the; mishshak-

ma
day before yesterday, misha, misha-

kash, mishash
day before yesterday, on the; misha-

kashon
daybreak; onnat minti, shutik hata,

tohwiket minti
daylight; hashi tohwikeli, nitak tohwikeli,

onna, onnat minti, tohwiket minti
daylight, the coming of; onnat minti
daylight, to cause; tohwikelichi
daysman, itinnan aiyachechi
daytime, nitak

dazzle, to; botosha, illichi, shohmalali
dazzling, malancha
deacon, iksa asonunchi alhtoka
dead; fiopa tapa, illi, kania, shumba
dead, almost; ilia husi, illinaha
dead, the; iklqnna, illi, shinuk kaha
dead man, hatak illi
dead-drunk, haksit illi
deaden, to; illichi
deadness, illi
deaf; haklo, haksi, haponaklo
deafen, to; haksichi, haksubachi, haksul-

bachi

deafened, haksuba
deafening, haksuba
deafness; haksi, haksulba
deal, to; hopela, ima, itatoba, kanchi,

kashkoli

deal together, to; akaniohmi
deal with, to; anumpuli
dealer; itatoba, na kanchi, nan chumpa
dealing, akaniohmi
dear; haloka, holitopa, ialli chito
dear (not cheap), aiilli atapa, aiilli

chito

dear to, anhollo
dear to him; i^holitopa, i^hollo
dearness; qlhtoba chito, holitopa
dearth, iksho

death; aiilli, illi, illi atukla, nan illi
death, cause of; isht illi
death song, atqlwa
deathbed, aiilli

deathblow, to give a; aiydbechi
deathless, illahe keyu
deathlike, illuhmi
debase, to; kalakshichi
debased, kalakshi
debate, itimanumpuli

426

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

debate, to; achowa, anukjilU

debated, anumpa

debater, isht anumpuli

debauch, to: haksichi, haui ikbi

debauched, haksit okpulot taha

debauchee, hatak haksi

debauchery, isikopa

debilitate, to; kotachi

debilitated; kota, tikabi

debility, kota

debit, to; ahekachi

debt; ahcka, ashachi

debtor; aheka

debtor, a; aheka imasha, nan aheka

decade, pokoli

decalogue, the; Chihowa imanumpa
alhpisa pokoli

decamp, to; bina

decanter, kotoba shohkalali

decapitate, to; nushkobo tabli

decapitated, nushkobo tapa

decay, to; laue, toshbi, toshbit isht ia

decay, to cause to; shullachi

decayed; shufla, shumba, toshbi

decayed, somewhat; toshbulba

decease, illi

decease, to; illi

deceased, illi

deceit; haksi, pakama

deceitful, haksi

deceive, to; a pakammi, apakqmoli, hak
sichi, pakamoli, pakammi, yimmichi,
yoshobli, yoshoblichi

deceived; apakama, apakqmoa, haksi,
pakama, pakamoa, yimmi

deceiver; apakgmmi, apakamoli, hak
sichi, pakammi, yimmichi, yoshobbi,
yoshobli

December, Tisimba

decency, alhpcsa

decent; achukma, alhpesa, kostini

deception, haksi

decide, to; ahokoffi, apesa, issachi

decided; ahokofa, alhpcsa

decider, nan apesa

decision, ahokofa, anumpa alhpisa, alh-
p isa

deck, to; shcma

decked, xhema

declaim, to; anumpuli

declaimer; anumpa isht hika, anumpuli

declamation, anumpa

declaration; aiatokowa, anumpa, atokoira

declare, to; achi, anoli, atokoa

declared; anoa, anumpa

declarer, anoli

decline, to; akka ia, haklo

declivity; abaksacheka, okkattahakaia

decoct, to; honi

decoction, na honni okchi

decollated, nushkobo tapa

decorate, to; shema

decorate another, to; shemachi

decorated, shema

decoration; isht shema, nan isht shema

decorous; alhpesa, kostini

decorum, kostini

decoy, to; haksichi

decrease, to; laue, lauechi

decreased, laue

decree, anumpa alhpisa

decree, to; apesa

decreed, alhpesa

decrepit, sitopa

decried, kalakshi

decry, to; kalakshichi

dedicate, to; holitoblichi, imissa

dedication, ima

deed; akaniohmi, ayakohmi, nana kani-

olimi

deem, to; anukfilli
deem himself, to; ilapisa
deep; hofobi, okshonulli, oki/oli
deep, the; ahofobika, ahofombika, hofom-

bika, okhata chito
deep place; ahofobi, ahofobika
deepen, to; hofobichi, ho/obit ia
deepened, hofobi
deepness, hofobi
deer, isi

deer, a forked-horn; isi folaktuli
deerskin, isakshup
deface, to; kalakshichi, okpani
defaced; okpulo, pisa okpulo
defamation, nan umanchi
defame, to; hatak nanumachi, nan

umachi

defamer; hatak nanumachi, nan umachi
defeat, iniaiya

defeat, to; imaii/a, imaiyachi, lakoffichi
defect, ona
defection, falama
defective; ona, shumba
defend, to; falammichi, itibi, oktabli
defer, to; abanablichi
defile, to; -iakait/a, litcfi, okpani
defiled; litelia, okpuh
define, to; atokoli

BVIXGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

427

define words, to; tosholi

defined, toshoa

definite, atokoa

deflower, to; ohoyo himmita okpani

deform, to; pisa okpani

deformed, pisa okpulo

deformed naturally, imomokpulo

deformity, imomokpulo

defraud, to; haksichi

defrauded, haksi

defrauder, haksichi

defray, to; atobbi

defrayed, qlhtoba

defrayer, atobbi

defunct, illi

defy, to; panfi

degenerate; achukma, makali, okpulo

degenerate, to; makali, okpulot ia

deglutition; nanqbli, nqlli

degrade, to; Jcalakshichi, makalichi

degraded; ilbqsha, kalakshi, makali

degree; ahabli, ahika, isht qlhpisa

deify, to; Chihowa hobachit ikbi

deist, aba anumpa ikyimmo

Deity; Shilombish chitokaka aba, Shilom
bish holitopa

deject, to; ilbqshachi, mikhanklochi

dejection, ulbal ont ia

delay, to; ataklqmmi, qbanqblichi, qban-
qpa, hopakichechi, hopakichi

delayed; ataklqma, ataklqmoa, qbanqpa,
mishema

delegate, glhtoka

delegate, to; atokoli

delegated; atokowa, qlhtoka

delegation, hatak qlhtoka

deleterious, okpulo

deliberate, qlhpiesa

deliberate, to; anukfilli

delicate, achukma

delicious, achukma

delight, yukpa

delight, to; achukma, aiokpqchechi, yuk
pa, yukpali

delighted, yukpa

delightful; achukma, yukpa

delineate, to; lanfi

delineated, fanfa

delirious, tasembo

deUrious, to make; tasembochi

delirium, tasembo

deliver, to; aniimpuli, ibbakfohki, kan-
chi, lakoffichi, okchalinchi

deliver to, to; fohki, ima

deliverance, alakoji

delivered; anumpa, ibbak fohka, ihbak

foka, lakoffi, okchanya
deh'verer; alakofichi, anumpuli, 1<ikofli-

chi, nan okchalinchi, okchalinchi
delude, to; haksichi, i/nanukjila okpani,

yimmichi

deluded; haksi, yimmi
deluder; haksichi, yimmichi
deluge; oka bikeli, okafalarna, okchito
deluge, the; okafalama chito
deluge, to; oka bikdichi, okchitochi, ok-

chitoli

deluged; oka bikeli, okafalama, okchilo
demand, to; asilhha, hoyo, ponaklo
demander; asilhha, hoyo, ponaldo
demiwolf, nashoba iklqnna
demolish, to; akkqchi, kinqj/l, yuli
demohshed; akkama, kinafa, yula
demohsher, kinqffi
demon, shilombish okpulo
demoniac, isht ahollo
demoralize, to; chunkash okpani
demoralized, chunkqsh okpulo
den; qlhpichik, chuka, fichukbi, hichukbi,

koi chito inchuka, nam poa inchuka
den, to; hichukbi fonka, yakni hichukbi

aiqtta

denominate, to; hochifo
denominated, hochifo
denomination; hochifo, iksa
denomination, Christian; aba anum
puli iksa

denominator, hochifo
denounce, to; miha
dense; laua, sukko
dent; habefa, habifkqchi, hafakbi, isso,

kafakbi, lanlaki
dent, to; afebli, habefoli, hab(ffi, habifli,

kafakbichi

dented; habefa, kafakbi, habifkqchi
denude, to; shueli
deny, to; ahah achi, a^li, haklo, keyuachi,

olqbbi, yohmi

deny himself, to; kanchi
depart, to; anya, qttqt ia, filqmmi, ia,

ilhkoli, illi, issa, kanali, kucha
departed; illi, kqnia
departure; illi, issa, kanqlli, kqnia,

kucha

depend, to; aba takali
depend upon, to; a/tukchcto
dependence, aianukchcto
dependent, aba takali

428

BUREAU OF AMEBICAX ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

dependent, a; anukcheto
dependent, a political; tashka
depict, to; achukmat anoli, hobachi
deplorable; ilbasha, nukhanklo, okpulo
deplored, nukhanklo
deplorer, nukhanklo
depopulate, to; chukillissachi
depose, to; anumpa kqllo ilonuchit anoli,

kobqffi

deposed, kobafa
deposit, aboli
deposit, place of; aboli
deposit, to; akkaboli, ashachi, boli
deprave, to; okpani
depraved, okpulo
depravity, okpulo
depreciate, to; kalakshichi
depreciated, kalakshi
depredate, to; hunkupa, okpani, weh-

puli

depredated; okpulo, wehpoa
depredation, hunkupa
depredator, ivehpuli
depress, to; akanlusechi, chunkqsh akka-

lusechi, ilapissachi, ilbqshachi, nukhan-

klochi

depress himself, to; ilapissachi
depressed; chunkash akka^lusi, ilqpissa,

ilbasha

deprive, to; wehpuli
deprive of hair, to; hachunchubachi
deprive of liberty, to; yukachi
deprive of sight, to; nishkin okpani
deprived, wehpoa-
deprived of hair, hachunchuba
depth, ho/obi

depth, the; ahofobika, hofobika
deputation, hatak qlhtoka
depute, to; atokoli
deputed; atokowa, qlhtoka
deputy, alhtoba
derange, to; aiyolcomichi
deranged, ah/okoina
deride, to; ahni, isht oklushi, isht uHa-

kafd , oJtilU
derider, oltiUl
descant, to; (unuirpuli
descend, to; <il;l-a id, aJ:l;<i ifnid, dkkod,

nthiti, okataha, okatanowa, okkaftaha
descend from, to; atm
descend from heaven, to; aba mhifi
descendant; atayu, unrholulli, uncliu-

luli, usJii

descendants of man, the; hatak isht

unchololi

descended from man, hatak isht atia
descending, okshilama
descent; akkia, isht atia, okataha, okshi
lama

descent of a hill, nqnih akkia
describe, to; anoli, lanfi
described; anoa, la^fa
description; isht anumpa, pisa
descry, to; pisa
desert, chukillissa
desert, a; chukushmi, kowi, shinukfoka,

shinuk kaha, yakni haiaka
desert, to; aiwsqchi, chukillissa, issa,

malelit kqnia

desert a clan, to; iksa issa
desert place, shinukfoka
deserted; aksho, issa
deserted house, chukillissa
deserted place; aiissa, awiha
deserter, malelit kqnia
desertion; issa, isht ilaweha
deserve, to; asitqbi
design, to; ahni, lanfi
designate, to; anoli, lanfi
designated, anoa
designed, ahni
desire, na bqnna
desire, a; ahni
desire, to; ahni, anushkunna, bqnna,

chunkqsh ia
desk; aholissochi, aianumpuli, aionholis-

sochi

desolate; chukillissa, ilbasha
desolate, to; chukillissachi
desolated; chukillissa, okla iksho
desolation, a; aiokpuloka
despicable, shittilema
despise, to; ahnichi, ahoba, isht ikinahno,

isht ikinyukpo, kanimachi, shihtilema,

shittilema

despised; isht ikinahno, kalakshi
despite, isht ikinahno
despite, to; nukkilli
despoil, to; vehpuli, well
despoiled, wehpoa
despond, to; chunkqsh akkanhisi
destine, to; ahni, ahokoffi, apesa
destitute; iksho, ilbasha
destroy, to; alcchi, qbi, dbit tali, iksho-

ke<-hi< ilbdshdli, issot kanchi, kobqffi,

Id I, mosholichi, nasholichi, nuklakqshli,

okpani

BTINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

429

destroy, to utterly; okpqnit tali

destroy life, to; fiopa tqpli

destroy the eye, to; nishkin okpqni

destroyed, okpulo

destroyed, utterly; okpulot taha

destroyer; chukillissqchi, nan okpqni,

okpani, yuli
destruction; aiokpuloka, alechi, qbi, illi,

illi atukla, nan okpulo, nuklakancha,

okpulo, shinukfoka, shinuk kaha, yula
destruction, to cause; okpqnichi
desuetude, aksho
detail, anumpa
detail, to; anoli
detailed, anoa
detain, to; oktqbli
detained, ataklqma
detect, to; pisa
determine himself, to; ilap ahni, ilap

anukfilli

determined, alhpesa
dethrone, to; minko kobqffi
dethroned, mfoko kobafa
dethroned king, minko kobafa
detriment, nan okpulo
deuce, tuklo
devastate, to; okpqni
devastated, okpulo
devastation, okpulo
develop, to; haiakqchi
developed, haiaka
deviate, to; apakfopa, ashqchi, folota,

yoshoba

deviation, ashqchi

devil, an unclean; shilombish okpulo
devil, the; nan isht ahollo okpulo, setqn,

shilombish okpulo
devil's shoestring, the; imqllu^sak,

isiminlusak
devious, fulomoli
devise, to; apesa, imissa
devoid; iksho, ilbqsha
devote, to; apesa
devour, to; qpa, qpqt tali, okpqni
devout, aba anumpa nukfoka
dew, fichak

dew, heavy; fichak chito
dew, honey; fichak kasha^ha
dew, to become; fichak toba
dewberry, bissuntalaU, haiyantalali
dewdrops, fichak
dexterous, imponna
diabetes, hoshunica shall
diadem, mi^ko imiachuka

dial, hqshi isht ikhqna

dialect, anumpa

dialogue; anumpuli, itimanumpuli

diameter, sukko

diaper, apokshiama

diaphragm; alaka, ilapa

diarrhea; chula isht abeka, ikjia, ulbql

isht alopulli, ulbql out la
dictate, anumpa qlhpisa
dictate, to; anumpa apesa, mihachi
dictator, anumpa apesa
dictionary, tikshqneli
did; hatuk, kqmo, tok, tuk
die, to; illi, luak mosholi
die in childbed, to; alia isht illi
diet; ilhpak, impa, impachi
differ, to; achowa, chowa, holba, inla

ikholbo

differ, to cause to; achowa
different; ilabinka, ilaiyuka, inla
different and separate, ilaminka
different clan, iksa inla
different places, kanon
difficult; ahchiba, okpulo, yukpahe keyu
difficulty; nan inkanimi, nan isht taka-

lama

difficulty, having some; nan inkanimi
diffidence; nukwia, takshi
diffident; nukwia, takshi
diffuse, to; fimmi
diffused, fimimpa
dig, to; itakshish kulli, kulli
dig a hollow, to; yakni kolukbichi
dig round, to; kullit apakfobli
dig the earth, to; yakni kulli
dig up, to; okchqli
digest, to; anukfilli, litoa
digger, kulli, na kulli
digging, kula

dignify, to; aiokpqchi, holitoblichi
dignity, holitopa
dike; sakti ikbi, yakni kula
dike, to make a; sakti ikbi
dilate, to; chitoli
dilatory, sqlaha
diligence, aiokpqchi
diligent, aiokpqchi
diligently, achukmalit
dilute, to; homechi, kqllochi
diluted, homi

dim; luma, tojfokoli, tulhpakali
dim, to; oklilechi
dime, a; iskqli
diminish, to; haboffi, iskitinichi, lauechi

430

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

diminished, iskitini

diminutive, iskitini, ushi

dimly, to cause to shine; tohmasaklichi

dimly, to shine; tohkasakli, tohmasakli

dimness of eyesight, nishkin tohbi

dimple, shinoa

din; chqmakqchi, kilihachi, kobohqchi

dine, to; tabokoli impa impa

dingy, lusbi

dining room, aboha aiimpa

dinner, tabokoli impa

dinner, to give a; tabokoli impa ima

dint; kafakbi, like/a

dint, to; kafakbichi, likijfi

dinted, like/a

diocese, apelichika

dip, to; oklobushli, oklobushlichi, oklubbi,

oklubbichi

dip from, to; atakli
dip in, to; atakli
dip into, to; atakli, chqbbi
dip out, to; atakqj/l, atakli, kqffi, takqjfi,

takli

dip up, to; takq/i, takli
dip up water, to; ochi
dipped; kafa, taka
dipped out, takat taha
dipped up, takafa
dipper; isht kafa, isht taka, isht takafa,

isht takqjfi, isht takli, lokush, takli
dipper (one who dips), atakqffi, takqjfi,

takli
Dipper, The (stars so called); fichik

issuba

dire, okpulo

direct; apissali, apissanli
direct, to; afanali, anoli, apesa, apesachi,

apissqllechi, miha, pelichi
direction, oka imma
directly, apissanlit
director; anoli, apesa, apesachi
directress, ohoyo nan apesa
direful, okpulo

dirk; bqshpofalaia, bqshpo isht itibi
dirk, to; bali
dirt; litcha. lukfi
dirtied, litcha
dirty; boha, litcha, okpulo
dirty, to; litchachi, litcli
dirty eye; oklichanli, oldichoshli
dirty man; Juitak lltiha okpulo
dirty nose, ibaHatinli
dii'ty-eyed, ohUchanli
disadvantage, isht ataklqma

disadvantageous, ahchiba

disaffect, to; isht ikinahnochechi, nukkil-

lichechi
disagree, to; achowa, imanukfila inla

minka

disagreeable, qlhpesa
disallow, to; apesa
disannul, to; akshuchi, kobqffi
disappear, to; hqshi kqnia, kqnia, luma
disappeared at, akqnia
disappoint, to; yimmichi
disaster, ishkanqpa
disastrous, achukma
disbelieve, to; yimmi
disburden, to; akkqchi
disburse, to; atobbi
disbursement, qlhtoba, tali holisso qlh-

toba

discard, to; kanchi
discern, to; akostininchi, ikhana, pisa
discernible, haiaka
discernment, imanukfila
discharge; bamppoa, tukali
discharge, to; asetili, hoeta, issqchi,

kuchi, tukafa, tukali, tukalichi, tukqffi
discharge, to cause to; okchushbqchi
discharge wind, to; huksoh
discharged; hunssa, tokali, tukafa, tukali
discharged from a blowgun, bamppoa
disciple; aiithana, aiithqna, anunipeshi,

iakaiya, ikhana, nan aiithqna, nan

ikhana, nan ithqna, nana aiithqna, nana

ithqna
discipline, to; fqmmi, ikhananchi, ikha-

nanchit pelichi, kostininchi
disciplined, kostini
disclaim, to; qmmi keyu achi
disclose, to; anoli, haiakqchi, tmvichi
discommode, to; ataklqmmi
discompose, to; aiyokomichi
discomposed, aiyokoma
discontented, komota
discontinue, to; ahokojfi, issa, issqchi
discourage, to; akanlusechi
discouraged, imanukfila akanlusi
discourse; anumpa, aba -isJtl auumpa
discourse, to; anumpuli
discover, to; ahauchi, haiakqchi, pisa
discovered, haiaka
discreet, hopoksia
discretion, hopoksa
discuss, to; anumpuli
disdain, to; isht ikinahno, shittilema
disdainful, sh it t ilcm a

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

431

disease; abeka, illilli, illilli okpulo, nan

inkanimi

disease, a certain: wakchgli
disease, to; abekgchi
disease of grain, yglhki
diseased, abeka

diseased, that were; abeka yatuk
disembark, to; peni kucha
disembodied, haknip iksho
disembogue, to; asetili
disembowel, to; takoba kuchi
disengage, to; iitojfi, shu^fa
disengaged, litofa
disentangle, to; litoffi
disentangled, litofa,
disfigure, to; ilapissachi, okpani, pisa

okpani

disfigured, ilapissa
disgrace, kalakshi
disgrace, to; hofayali, kalakshichi
disgraced; ahoba, kalakshi
disguise, to; haksichi
disguised; haksi, luma
disgust, yuala
disgust, to; nukogchi
disgusting; yuala, yualgchi
dish; aiimpa, ampmalaha, ampmglha,

atakafa

dish, large; ampo chito
dishearten, to; chunkgsh illichi
disheartened, chunkash illi
dishonest, a^li
dishonor, hofahya
dishonor, to; haksichi, kalakshichi
disinterested, ahalaia
disjoint, to; talojfi, tgbli
disjointed; talofa, tgpa
dishke, aika
dishke, to; ahnichi, isht iki^ahno, isht

ikinyukpo
disliked, ahnichi
dislocate, to; kotalichi, kotgffi, taioffl,

taloli

dislocated; kotafa, kotali, talofa, taloha
dislocation; kotafa, talofa
dislodge, to; kuchichi
dislodged, kucha
dismal; oklili, okpulo
dismay, to; nukshobli
dismayed, nukshopa
dismember, to; nibli
dismembered, nipa
dismiss, to; issachi
dismount, to; akkoa

disobedient, antia

disobey, to; antia

disoblige, to; yukpalechi

disorder; abeka, aiyokoma

disorder, to; aiyokomi

disordered; abeka, aiyokoma

disown, to; ammi keyu achi, anoli

disparage, to; ahoba

disparity, itilaui

dispassionate, nuktanla

dispatch, to; abi, pila

dispel, to; fimibli

dispelled, Jimimpa

dispense, to; hopela, kgshkoli

dispensed; holhpela, kashkoa

disperse, to; fimibli, Jimimpa, ftmmi,

kashkoli, tiapa, tisheli
dispersed; Jimimpa, tiapa, tigpalcachi
dispersion; Jimimpa, tiapa
dispirited person, chu^kgsh iknakno
displace, to; kangllichi
display, to; yopisachi
displease, to; nukogchi
displeased; choica, okpulo
dispose, to; achukmalit ashachi, ahni,

apoksiachi, boli

dispose of, to; apesa, ima, kanchi
disposed, ahni

disposition; ahni, aiimglhpesa, chunkgsh
dispossess, to; ishi
disputant, achowa
dispute; achowa, itachoa, itgchoa
dispute, to; achowa, anumpa itinlauachi,

chowa

disrehsh, to; kgshaha
disrespectful, ichapa
disrupt, to; habofgchi
disruption, mitafa .
dissatisfaction, okokko
dissatisfied; glhpesa, okpolo
dissatisfy, to; glhpesa
dissect, to; nibli, tushtuli
dissected; nipa, tushtua
dissemble, to; ilahobbi
disseminate, to; Jimmi
disseminated, Jima
disseminator, fimmi
dissent, to; haklo, imanukfila achgfa
dissertation; holisso, isht anumpa
dissever, to; tgbH
dissevered, tgpa
dissimilar; holba, inla
dissipate, to; Jima, fimibli, fimimpa,

Jimmi, ilanyak

432

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

dissipated; fima, fimimpa

dissolution; illi, kobafa

dissolvable, bila kin la

dissolve, to; alhkomo, bila, bileli, ko-

bgffi, okomo, okomuchi
dissolved; alhkomo, bila
distance; hopaki, tanamp chito i^naki pit

akanchi glhpesa

distance, at a small; olitoma, olitomasi
distant, hopaki
distemper; abeka, illilli
distemper, deadly; illilli okpulo
distemper, to; abekachi
distempered, abcka
distend, to; chitoli
distended, chito
distill, to; holuya, honi
distill spirits, to; oka homi ikbi
distilled; holuya, honni
distilled liquors, oka homi
distiller, oka homi ikbi
distillery; oka homahonni, oka homatoba
distinctive, tinkba
distract, to; aiyokomichi, tasembochi
distracted; aiyokomi, tasembo
distress; aleka, ilbasha, isikkopa, ko-

munta, nukhgmmi
distress, to; ilbgshachi, ilbgshali, isik-

kopali, komuntgchi, nukhgmmichi
distressed; aleka, ilbasha, imaleka, ima-

nukjila komunta, komota
distresser, ilbgshachi
distribute, to; hopela
distributed, holhpela
distributer, hopela
distribution, holhpela
district; aiulhti, apelichika, ulhti, yakni
distrust, to; yimmi
disturb, to; anumpulechi, ataklgmmi
disturbance, ataklama
disturbed; anuktiboha, ataklama
disunite, to; Jilammichi
disunited, jUama
disuse, aksho
disuse, to; aksho
disused, aksho
ditch; yakni hof obi, yakni kolukbi, yakni

kula '

ditch, to; yakni kolukbichi
ditto, -m ih

ditty; ullitalirak, laloa
diurnal, nitak atukma
dive, to; oklobusJiH, oklubbi
diver; oklohushli, okhibbi

divers; ilaiyuka, ilaiyukali

diversified, ilaiyuka

diversify, to; ilaiyukalichechi

diversion, ilaualli

diversity, ilaiyuka

diversity, to cause a; ilaiyukachi

divert, to; shanaiachi, shgnachi, yukpali

diverted; shanaia, yukpa

diverter; shanaiygchi, yukpali

divest, to; ishi, shoeli, shueli, wehpuli,
well

divested, ivehpoa

divide, to; bakapa, bakastoa, hopela, ka-
shapa, kashgbli, kashkoa, katapa, kata-
poa, katgbli, kashkoa , kgshkoachi, kgsh-
koli, king/i, koyofa, palalichi, palata,
palglli, pgli, tigbli, tushalichi

divide in the middle, to; iklgnngchi

divided; bakapa, holhpela, kashapa, kash
koa, katapa, katapoa, kgshkoa, koyofa,
palata, pgla, tushtua

divided in the middle, iklgnna

divided into two, bakastoa

divider; bakgbli, Jilamolechi, hopela, pgli

divine, aba

divine, a; aba anumpa isht gtta

divine, to; apuskiachi, tikbanlit anoli

Divine Providence, Aba pinki

diviner, tikbanli anoli

Divinity, Chihowa gbanumpa

division; holhpela, ilaiyukali, kashapa,
kashkoa, katapa, kgshkoa, palata

divulge, to; anoli, haiakgchi

divulged, haiaka

dizziness, chukfoloha

dizziness, to cause; hangnukichi, yush-
timmichi

dizzy; chukfoloha, chukfulli, hangnnunki,
yush time li , yush timmi

dizzy, to make; chukfulli, yushtimelichi

do, ishke

do, to; akaniohmi, atali, atokolit halgllif
aygmihchi, ho, isht anta, kaniohmi, ka-
niohmichi, katiohmi, ygmihchi, ygmohmi,
yohmi

do, to cause to; akaniohmichi , ikbichi

do at random, to; ygmmak fokalechi

do good things, to; yohmi

do not let, 7m

do something, to; ayakohmichi

do there, ygmohmi

do thus, to; yakmichi

do with, to; kanichi, katihchi

do wrong, to; ashgchi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

433

dock, a; hasimbish tapa

dock, to; hokojfi, tgbli

doctor; alikchi, allikchi, hatak nan ikhana,

ikhananchi
doctor, to; alikchi
doctrine; abgchi, aiabachi, anumpa, nan

isht aiithgnanchi
dodge, to; chiksanakli, kanakli, tolupli,

yilishachi
doe, isi tek

doer; isht atta, yamichi
does not, keyushke
doff, to; shueli
dog; ipaf, ofi, ofi puta
dog, English; na holipgfi, na hollofi
dog, house; ofi chuk atta
dog, mad; ofi holilgbi, ofi tasembo
dog, male; ofi nakni
dog, to; iakaiya, silhhi
dog like, ofi holba
dog tooth; isht itibbi, noti isht itibi
doggish, ofi holba
dogwood, hakchupilhko
dogwood berries, hakchupilhko ani
dogwood tree, hakchupilhko api
doleful, nukhanklo
dollar, tali holisso
dolor, nukhanklo
dolorous, nukhanklo
domain; apclichika, ulhti
dome; aboha, chuka
domestic, chuka achafa ahalaia
domestic, a; ilhtohno, toksali
domestic animals; alhpoa, nan apoba,

nan alhpoa

domesticate, to; apoa
domesticated, alhpoa
domicile ;taboha, aigtta, chuka
dominant, inshali
dominate, to; inshalechichi, pelichi,
dominator; minko, pelicheka
domineer, to; pelichi
dominion; apclichika, minko apclichi,

ulhti
donation; halbina, ilhpita, ima, na hgl-

bina
done; ataha, alhtaha, labocha, nuna, taha,

ygmohmi

done so, yakohmi
donkey, isuba haksobish falaia, isuba

7iashoba

donor; ilhpitachi, ima
don't; k, wehkah
doom; anumpa glhpisa, imalcka
84339°— Bull. 46 — 15 28

doom, to; anumpa kallo onuchi, apesa
doomsday, nitak nana qlhpisa* chito
door; aboha isht okhilishta, isht okshilita,

okhisa, okhisa isht alhkama
door bar, okhisa imokhoata
door hinge, okhisa isht takali
door latch; okhisa aiafacha, okhisa isht

afacha

doorkeeper, okhisa apistikeli
doorscraper, akasholichi
dooryard; chuka ituksita, kasbi
dormant; luma, nusi
dormitory; aboha anusi, anusi
dose, ishko achafa
dose, to; ishko achafa ikbit itakashkuli,

ishkochechi

dot; lusa talaia, lusachikchiki
dot, to; lusachit talali
dotage; imanukfila iksho, puskusechi
dotard, imanukfila iksho
dote upon, to; hmhni
dotted, lusachikchiki
double; apokta, albita, inluhmi, mih,

tuklo

double, a; apokta, polukta
double, to; apakfopa, apoktachi, albiteli,

albitelichi, bonunta, mih, pokta, po
lukta, poluktachi, tuklochi
double, to cause to; poluktachi
double and twist, to; albitet shanni
double over, to; puli
, double up, to; abunni, bonulli, bunni,

polomi, polomoli, pulhkachi, pula
double-dealer; chu^kash tuklo, haksichi
double-edged; halupa tuklo, itala^kla

halupa

double-faced; haksi, nashuka tuklo
double-hearted, chunkash tuklo
double-minded," imanukfila tuklo
double-tongued, isunlash chulata, isun-

lash tuklo

doubled; apokta, hulbona, pokta, polukta
doubled over, afalgpa
doubled up; bonkachi, bonunta, buna,

bunni, poloma, polomoa, pulhkachi,

pula

doubles, one who; puli
doubletree, iti ititakglli
doubt; atoma, ta, tahchukah
doubt, to; anuktuklo, aiyokoma, nukwia
doubtful; anukwia, chishba
doubting, anuktuklochi
doubtless, mali
dough; tansh yammgska, ygmmgska

434

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

doughnut, posit qlwqsha

doughty; aiyimita, chilita

douse, to; bohpuli, lobukachi, oJca lobu

kachi

dove; pqchqlhpowa, pqchi yoshoba
down; akka, hapukbo, kahat manya, sok-

bish

down (fine feathers), abukbo
down hill; okshilama
down hill, to go ; okshilqmmi
down this way, akket
downcast, ilapissa

downaast eye, to sit with a; bilepa
downfall, kinafqt itula
downright, apissanlit
downstream, sokbish pila
downward; akkapila, imma
doze, to; nusi, nusilhha
dozen, auah tuklo
drab, laknoba
drachm, iskqli
draft, ishko

draft, large; ishko chito
draft, one; ishko achafa
draft, to; holissochi, ishi, IcWfi
draft horse; isuba halalli, isuba toksqli
drag, to; halalli, shalalli, shalqllichi,

shali

, shalalli

draggle, to; akkashalqllichit liteli
dragoon; isuba omanili tqshka, isuba on-
tqla tashka

drain; yakni kolukbi, yakni kula ayanqlli

drain, to; holuya, holuyqchi

drake, okfochush nakni

dram; ishko achafa, nanqbli achafa, nqlli,

oka homi nanqbli achafa
draper; nan tqnna kanchi, ponokqllokan-

chi

draper, a linen; ponokallokanchi
drapery, nan tqmia
draught, nanqbli achafa
draw, halalli
draw, small; itombushi
draw, to; anoli, halali, halat isht a^ya,

halalli, ishi, kuchi, nukpqllichi, shebli
draw (on paper, etc.), to; holissochi
draw, to make; halaiirhi, halqllichi, she-

blichi

draw a line, to; la^fi
draw a liquid, to; Irichcli
draw into, to; okafoyuha
draw into the mouth, to; pishi

draw liquor, to; bicheli
draw lots, to; na shoeli
draw near, to; bilinkqchi, bilinchi, isht

qla

draw nigh, to; bilinchi
draw off liquid, to; bichet tali
draw on, to; holo
draw out, to; achibali, chisbichi, kuchi-

chi, mampli, shqffi, shepa, shepkqchi,

shepoa, shepoli, shinfa, shinfi, shoeli,

shunfi

draw out in length, to; shebli
draw the breast as in nursing, to;

pishi
draw through a noose, to; anuklfaffi,

anukliffichi, anuklilelichi
draw tight, to; katanlichi
draw up, to; bokusa, shinojffi
draw water, to; ochi, okochi
drawer (one who draws); bicheli, hal
alli
drawer (in a table, etc.); itombi, itombi

onlipa, itombushi

drawer of water; ochi, okochi, ulhchi
drawers, obalafoka
drawing, halali

drawing knife; isht sha^fa, iti isht shanfa
drawl, to; sqlahqt anumpuli
drawn, falaia
drawn (as water), ollochi
drawn (from a cask), bicha
drawn off, bichqtaha
drawn on, hollo

drawn out; Unfa, shepa, shepkqchi, shinfa
drawn through; anuklfafa, anukliha
drawn tight, katanli
drawn up, bokusa
drawshave; isht shanfa, iti isht shanfa,

shafa

dray, iti chanqlli
dread; komunta, nukshopa
dread, to; akomuta, anukwia, komunta
dream; aholhpokunna, holhpokunna
di'eam, to; aholhpokunna, holhpokunna
dream, to cause to; holhpokunnachi
dream, to make one; auahsholichi, aua-

sholcchi
dreamer; hatakholhkunna, holhpokunna,

nuseka

dregs, lakchi
drench, ishko arhqfn
drench, to; ikfiachi, iahkochcchi , Iqchali,

n a n a b lich i, it all ich i
drenched, lacha

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

435

drencher, nanqblichi

dress; qlhkuna, fohka, ilefoka, ilefoka isht

shema, isht ilakshema, isht shema
dress, to; aiskiachi, apissqllechi, atahpqli,

atahpqlichi, fohka, fohkachechi, fohkqchi,

ilakshema, ilefoka foka, ilefoka fokqchi,

nafokafoka, nafokafokqchechi, shemqchi,

tahpqli, tahpqlichi
dress a deerskin, to; talhkochi
dress in fine clothes, to; shema
dress skins, to; talhkochi
dress up, to; ilakhqta, shema
dressed; apissa, fohka, ilefoka foka, labo-

cha, nafokafoka, shema
dressed deerskin, tqlhko
dresser; fokachi, shema, shemqchi
dressy, isht ilakshema shall
dribble, to; holuya
dried; chakowa, chilakbi, holufka, shila
dried away, ashepqchi
dried up at, ashippa
drier, shileli
drift; ahchihpo, akchihpo, hqshtqp mali

shali

drift, to; okpalali
driftwood; akchihpo, hakchihpo
drill; isht lumpa, tali ishtfotoha
drill, to; ikhananchi, ilauqllichi
drill (to bore), to; ishtfotolit lumbli
drink; ishko, nan ishko
drink, a certain; tanfula, tanfula hau-

qshko

drink, to; ishko, tali
drink, to give; ishkochechi
drink, to try to; ishkot pisa
drink a little, to; lumgt ishko
drink and finish, to; tali
drink ardent spirits, to; okishko
drink at, to; aiishko
drink deeply, to; ishko fena
drink from or out of, to; aiishko
drink largely, to; chitot ishko
drink up or off, to; ishkot tali
drink with, to; ibaiishko
drinker; hatak okishko, ishko, nan ishko
drinker, great; ishko shali
drinker, hard; hatak okishko shali, ishko

fena

drinking, ishko
drinking place, aiishko
drinking vessel, aiishko
drip, to; bichilli, chuloli, hoii/a, holuya,

pichilli
dripping, holuya

drive, to; any a, nukoa, tileli

drive forward, to; amohsholechi

drive off, to; chqfichi

drive out, to; tileli

drive over, to; tanapolechi, tanqblichi

drive through, to; yulullichi

drivel, to; itaklalqshli

driven out, tilaya

driver; chqfichi, isht anya, nan chufichi,

nan tileli
driving, tileli
drizzle, fine; butummi
drizzle, to; okshimmichi, oktoboha, okto-

boli, oktobolichi, okvjotummih
drizzling, okshimmi
drones, foe bilishke inpokni
drool, to; itukholaya, ituklipaya, itukli-

kali, luwali
droop, to; bilakli
drop; hoiya, latapa
drop, to; chilofa
drop as tears, to; wilanli
drop fast, to; lotohqchi
drop off, to; fakoha,fakopa, liweli
dropped of£,fakoha
dropping, liweli
dross, tali iyqlhki
dross of lead, naki yqlhki
dross of metals; tqlinyqlhki, yqlhki
drought; chahto, itukshila
drought, to cause a; chahtochi
droughty; chahto, itukshila
drove, lukoli
drover, nan tileli
drown, to; oka aiqbi, oka aiilli, oka illi,

oka kqnia, okokaiilli, okokqbi
drowned; nuksakki, okokaiilli
drowse, to; nusi, nusilhha, nu-silhhqchi
drowsiness, nusilhha
drowsy, nusilhha
drub, to; kqbaha
drubbed, boa
drudge, toksqlifehna
drudge, to; toksqlifehna
drug, ikhinsh
drug, to; ikhinsh ipeta
druggist, ikhinsh kanchi
drum; alepa, alepa chito
drum, to; alepa boli, alepa chito bnli,

alepa olachi, koboha, kobohqchi
drummer; alepa boli, alepa chito boli
drumstick, alepa chito isht boli
drunk; chukfoloha, chukfulli, haksi, oka

haksi

436

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

drunk, partly; haksi chohmi

drunk, to get; haksi

drunk, to make or get; haksichi

drunkard, okishko

drunkard, a great; hatak okishko shali,

okishko shall

drunkard, an habitual; okishko shall
drunken; haksi, hatak okishko atapa, oka

haksi

drunken frolic, okishko manya
drunken man, hatak haksi
drunkenness; haksi, oka haksi, okishko
dry; chahto, chanla, chilakbi, itukshila,

7iukshila, shila, shulla, shumba
dry, partly; yaualli
dry, to; abani, ashepachechi, chilakbichi,

hufka, shila, shilachi, shilachi, shileli,

shippa, shullachi, ufka
dry? to 8"°) shippa
dry and stiff, chilakbi
dry place; ashinla, shila, ashippa
dry away, to; ashepachi
dry up, to; shileli
dry rot, shulla
dry timber, iti shila
dry wood, iti shila
dryad, konwi anunkasha
dryness; chahto, shila, shulla
dual, onachi

dubious; aianli ikithano, kaniohmi
duck; hankhobak, nan tanna sukko, ok-

fochush

duck, female; okfochush tek
duck, large green-headed; inlachi
duck, to; oklobushli, oklobushlichi, ok-

lubbi, oklubbichi
duck, wood; hinluk
duck, young; okfochushushi
ducked; oklobushli, oklubbi
duck-legged, akkafalla
dudgeon, nukoa
due; aheka, aheka takanli, apissali, alh-

pesa

due, a; aheka, aheka takanli
duel, itibbi
duelist, itibi
duffel, nan tanna shukbo
dug; kula, kulha
dug, the; i/)inshik
dug around, kula
dug boat, pen! kula
dug earth, ijakni kula
dug pit, i/akni kula
duke, mi'ifco

dukedom, apelichika

dulcet; champuli, kashaha

dull; halupa, ibbak tokonli, ilapissa, in-
takobi, lusa, nukha^klo, nusilhha, ta-
salli, tikabi, tilikpi, tohpakali, weki

dull, to; paiojffi, tikabichi

dumb, anumpuli

dumb person; anumpuli, hatak anum
puli

dump, nukhanklo

dumpling, paska banaha, walakshi

dumpling, Choctaw; walakshi

dun, lusakbi

dun, to; aheka

dunce; hatak imanukfila iksho, hatak nu
silhha shali

dung; chopilhkash, yalhki

dungeon, aboha kallo

dunghill, chopilhkash

dupe, to; haksichi, yimmichi

duped, haksi

dure, to; imoma

during; aiitintakla, ta^kla

dusk; oklusbi, okpolusbi

dust; botulli, hituk bofota, hituk chubi,
hituk tohbi, lukfi, lopish, yakni

dust, flying; hituk tohbi, hituk shibota

dust, to; kasholichi

dust of wood, iti botulli

dutiful, imantia

duty; aialhtoka, imantia

duty, a; aheka

dwarf, a; hatak inmoma, imoma

dwell, to; aiasha, aiatta, anta, atta, hi-
chukbifonka

dwell at, to; achuka

dwell with, to; ibaianta, ibainnsha

dwelling; aboha, chuka

dwelling, royal; mi^ko inchuka

dwelling place of Jehovah, Chihowa
aiasha

dwindle, to; kania

dyed green, okchamali

dyer, na hummachi

dysentery, issish ikfia

each; aii/uka, aiyukali, ayuka, aliha, bat,

binka, ilaiyuka, mi^ka
each one; achafa yuka, ayukali
each other; /'/, iti

each other, from or to; ill", ilhn, itin
eager; achillita, aii/linila
eagerness; achillita, aiyiniitu
eagle onssi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

437

eagle (a gold coin), tqliholisso lakna tali
holisso pokoli aiilli

eagle, gray; talako

eagle, small; hanan

eagle, young; onssushi

eagle-eyed; imanukfila tu^shpa, nishkin
halup

eaglet, onssushi

ear; haksobish, tanch ampi

ear (of corn), ampi

ear, cut or cropped; haksobish bqsha,
haksobish hokofa, haksobish hokoli, hak
sobish tqpa, haksobish tqptua

ear, forked; haksobish itakchulali, hakso
bish itakchulanshli

ear, foxed; haksobish ibakchufanli, hak
sobish ibakchufanshli

ear, roasting; tansh hilonha

ear, slit; haksobish chulafa, haksobish
chula, haksobish chulali

ear, to; okshonli

ear band, isuba imbita

earache, haksobish hotupa

eared, okshonli

earless, haksobish iksho

earlock; haksun hishi, haksun tapaiyi
hishi

earmark, haksobish bqsha

earmark, to; haksobish bqshli

earring; haksobish aiviachi, haksobish ta-
kali, haksobish takoli

ears of a pot, iyasha ahalqlli

earwax, haksobish litilli

earl, pelicheka

early, tikbali

early morning, aka^k ola

earn, to; asitabi

earner, asitabi

earnest; yiminta, yopunla

earth, lukfi

earth, a ball of; yakni lumbo

earth, dug; yakni kula

earth, the; yakni, yakni lumbo, yakni
lu^sa, yakni shila

earth, the round; yakni lumbo

earth, the whole; yakni moma

earthen, lukfi atoba

earthen jug, yaklash

earthenware, ampo

earthly; akka, yakni isht ahalaia

earthquake, yakni ivinakqchi

earthworm, lapchu

earthy; akka, yakni isht ahalaia
j; foha, nan isht takalamiksho

j, to; foha, fohachi, nuktalali, yoko-

pqchi

easily; luma, lumasi, nan imahombiksho
east; hashi akochaka, hashi akuchaka,

hashi kuchaka
east, at, to, or in the; hashi akuchaka

pilla

easterly, hashi akuchaka imma
eastern people, hashi akuchaka okla
eastward; hashi akuchaka imma, hashi

akuchapila

easy; lumasi, m,iha, nuktaiyala
eat, to; ampa, apa, apa, epa, labbi, ho-

pohka, hopohkachi, ilimpa, impa, ishpa,

okpani

eat, to cause to; impachi
eat at, to; aiimpa
eat holes, to; lunkachi
eat noisily, to; shakanlichi
eat on, to; aiimpa
eat there, to; aiimpa
eat together, to; aiimpa
eat with, to; ibaiimpa
eatable; ilhpa, nan apa
eater; apa, impa, nan impa
eating, to be; ampa
eating house, aboha aiimpa
eave trough, iti oka aiyanalli
eaves; aboha isht holmoqli, chuka isht

holmo ali, chuka isht holmo ibitahaka
ebb, to; oka bikeli, shippa, shippqli
ebriety, oka haksi
ebullition, walqlli
echo, hobachi
echo, to; hobachi
eclat, aiokpqchi
eclipse; hashi kqnia, oklili
eclipse the sun, to; hashi luhmi
eclipsed, hashi luma
economical, ilatomba
economist, ilatomba
economize, to; ilatomba
economy, ilatomba
ecstasy, chunkqsh yukpa atqpa
eddy, okafoyulli
edge; ahalupa, aiqli, alaka, alakali, ali,

halupa, lapalika, takchqka
edge, feather; ahalupa anukpilefa
edge, to; fololi, haluppqchi
edge of a dooryard, akachuli
edge of a fireplace, ituksita
edge of a hill; nqnih aiqli, ontalaka
edge of the water, oka sita
edge tool, halupa

438

BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

edged, folo ta

edged, feather; ahalupa anukpilefa

edges of a field, etc.; alakchakali

edges, to have sharp; tashiha

edging, folota

edging of lace, infolota

edict, anumpa alhpisa

edification, ikhana

edifice, chuka

edify, to; ikhananchi

editor, holisso ikbi

educate, to; attat hofantichi, ikhananchi,

nan ikhananchi
educated; attat hofanti, holisso ikhana,

nan ikhana

education, nan ikhana
eel; iasinti, yasinti
e'er, bilia
efface, to; kashoffi
effaced, kashofa
effect, to; fehna, kanihmi
effect, to make of none; okpanichi
effect, to take; yamohmi
effect much, to; fehnachi
effected, qlhpesa
effectual; a^li, nan ihmi
effectual, to render; nan ihmichi
effeminate, ohoyo holba
effervesce, to; walalli
effigy, hatak hobachi
effort, to make a sudden and strong;

yichinnikahchih
effulgent, shohmalali
effusion; fohopa, latapa
egg, ushi

egg, a crow's; falushi
egg, a duck's; okfochushushi
egg, a hen's; akank ushi, akank ushi lo-

bunchi

egg, a nest; akank ushi achafa bonli
egg, a rotten; akank ushi lobunchi shua
egg, a swan's; okak ushi
egg, an eagle's; onssushi
eggshell, aka^k ushi hakshup
egotism, isht ilcanumpuli shall
egotist, isht ilcanumpuli shall
egregious, chito

Egyptian darkness, kamak at kania
eh!, cho

eight, untuchina
eight times; untuchinaha
eighteen, auah huntuchina
eighth, isht untuchina
eighth time, isht untuchinaha

eightieth; isht pokoli, pokoli

eighty, pokoli

eightfold, inluhmi

either; kanima, kanimampo kia, talalanka

eject, to; kanchi, kuchi

ejected, kucha

eke, to; ibani

elastic; falamoa, polomoa

elate, to; yukpali

elated, yukpa

elbow; ibbak inshunkani, shakba inshun-

kani, shunkani
elder; akni, bashankchi
elder, an; asanochika, asanonchi, asunon-

chi, asunonchika, hatak asahnonchi, hatak

hochitoka itanaha, hatak sipokni, hatak

tinkba, iksa asonunchi alhtoka, pishankchi
elder (in a church), an; asanochi
elderly man, hatak asahnonchi
eldest; akni, sipokni kat i^shali
elect, alhtoka
elect, an; nan alhtoka
elect, to; atokoli
elected, alhtoka
elector, atokoli
electricity, hashuk malli
elegant, achukma
elephant; elefant, hatak lusa inyannash,

yulhkun chito
elevate, to; chahachi, chitoli, ilefehna-

chechi
elevated; chaha, chashaiyi, chishinto, ile-

fehnachi

eleven; auah achafa, pokoli
eleventh, isht auahchafa
eligible, alhpesa
elixir, ikhinsh balam
elk, isi chito
elm, red; tohto
elocution, anumpa
elongate, to; falaiachi
elongated, falaia
elope, to; kania
eloquent, anumpu imponna
else, inla

elsewhere, kanima inla kia
elucidate, to; haiakachi
elucidated, haiaka
elude, to; lakojfi
emaciate, to; chutuia, liposhi
emaciated; chunna, liposhi
emanate, to; kucha
emancipate, to; yuka issachi
emancipated; yuka issa, yuka kucha

BY I NO TON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

439

emancipation, yuka issachi

emancipator, yuka issachi

emasculate, to; bqshli

embar, to; okshita

embark, to; peni chito fohki, peni chito

foka, peni fohki, peni f oka
embarked; peni chito foka, peni foka
embarrass, to; anuktuklichi, anuktuklo-

chechi, anuktuklochi, anumpulechi, apis-

tikeli

embarrassed, anuktuklo
embassage, inshali imanumpa
embassy, inshali imanumpa
embellish, to; aiuklichechi
embellish another, to; shemachechi
embellished; aiukli, shema
embellishment; aiukleka, isht aiukli
embers, hituk yqnha
embitter, to; homechi, palqmmichi, tak-

bqchi
embitter the heart, to; chu^kash ho-

minchi

embittered; homi, palqmmi
emblem, isht alhpisa
embodied, itanaha
embody, to; haknip ikbi, itanaha, itqn-

nali

embolden, to; aiyimitachi, yimintqchi
embosom, to; shakba fohki
embosomed, shakba foka
embottle, to; kotoba obeli
embottled, kotoba abeha
embowel, to; iffuka kuchi, iskuna kuchi
emboweled; iffuka kucha, iskuna kucha,

takoba kucha

embower, to; hoshontika ashachi
embrace, to; anukfohki, ikhqna, ishi,

nukfoka

embrace of the arms, shakba poloma
embrocate, to; ahammi
embroider, to; inchunli
embrown, to; lusbichi, oklilechi
emerge, to; kucha
emetic; hoetqchi, ishkot hoeta
emetic, vegetable; haiyu^kpulo ishkot

hoita

emigrant, wiha
emigrate, to; wihat a^ya
eminence, holitompa
eminence, an; chaha inshali nanih, na-

nih, tabokaka

eminent; chaha, ikhana achukma
emit, to; kucha, kucha pila
emit sparks, to; polota

emmet, shunkani

empale, to; holihtachi

emperor, minko

emphatic, yd

empire; apclichika, minko apelechika aful-

lota, minko apelichi, yakni
empiric, an; alikchi ilahobi
employ, nana isht qtta
employ, to; atohno, atta, tohno, toksa-

lechi, tonho
employed; ashivanchi, alhtohno, ilhtohno,

manya

employed about, to be; isht anta
employer; atohnuchi, tohno
employment; ashwanchi, atoksali, isht

anta, isht atta, nana isht anta, nana isht

atta, nan toksali
empoison, to; isht illi fohki, isht illi

ipeta, isht illi yammichi
emporium, aiitatoba
empower, to; atonhuchi, atokoli
empress; minko imohoyo, ohoyo minko
emptied, toshoa
emptiness, nana qlhto keyu
empty; chukillissa, nana qlhto keyu
empty, to; asetili, asetoli, tosholi
empty house, chukillissa
empurple, to; homaiyichi
emulate, to; inshali bqnna
emulator, inshali bqnna
emulous, inshali bqnna
enable, to; atali
enact, to; apesa

enact a law, to; anumpa alhpisa ikbi
enact over, to; onochi
enacted, qlhpesa
enactor, apesa

encamp, to; qlbinachi, binachi, binili
encampment; abinachi, aiqlbina, qlbina,

Una

enchain, to; takchi, yukachi
enchained; talakchi, yuka
enchant, to; afetibli, afctipoli, qffetqbli,

qffetipoli
enchanted; afetipa, afetipoa, qffetipa,

qffetipoa
enchanter; afetibli, afetipoli, afetipoa,

fappo onuchi, hatak hulloka
enchantment; afetipa, fappo, yushpa-

kqmmi
encircle, to; afobli, afolubli, afoluplichi,

apakfobli, apakfokqchi, apakfopa
encircled; afolupa, apakfokqchi, apakfopa
enclosure for cultivation, osapa

440

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

encomium, isht anumpuli

encounter, to; afama

encourage, to; yimintachi

encourage by shouts, to; apanlichi

encumber, to; wekichi

end; ahokofa, aiqli, asetilli, ataha, all,

hokofa, ibiqli, ibish, illi, ont, taha, wi-

shakchi

end, at the; qlipilla
end, being the; a»?i
end, the lower; akqshtqla, akishtqla, qpi

isht qla

end, the tip; wishakchi
end, to; ahokofa, ahokoffichi, aiissachechi,

qlhtaha, qli, qlichi, hokofa, hokoffi, ho-

koli, illichi, issa, taha, tali
end, to have an; ataha
end, to make an; isht aiopichi, tali
end, toward the; qlipila
end, what can have an; ataha hinla
end at, to; aiqli
end of, at the; taha
end of a boat, peni ibish
end of a house log, oklafqshli
endeavor, to; pisa

ended; ahokofa, aiissac.hi, hokofa, hokoli
endless; ahokofa, ataha iksho, atahahe

iksho

endure, to; achunanchi, lopulli
enemy, tqnqp

enemy, to become an; tqnqp toba
enemy, to come over to the; tqnqp
energetic, kqllo
energy, kqllo
enervate; kqllo, tikabi
enervate, to; kqllochi, kotachi, tikabichi
enervated; kqllo, kota, tikabi
enfeebled, botosha

enforced; kqllo, kqllochi, onochi, onutula
enforcer, kqllochi

enfranchise, to; kuchichi, yuka issqchi
enfranchised, yuka issa
engage, to; apesa, atohno, atonho, atoh-

nuchi, itibi, atonhuchi, onochi, pota,

tohno, tonho

engage in, to; ponaklo
engaged; achillita, qlhtohno, ilhtohno,

nukpqHi

engaged, yiminta
engaged about, qshiranchi
engaged in some employment, ash-

wanchi

engagement, itibbi
engaging, ishi

engender, to; ikbi

engirdle, to; yikoli

English; InRisha, MinkilisJi

English, the; Inkilish okla

English language, the; Inkilish ima-

numpa, Minkilish imanumpa, na hollo

imanumpa

English Nation, the; Inkilish okla
Englishman, Minkilish hatak
Englishmen, Inkilish okla
englut, to; kaiya, nanqbli
engorge, to; nanqbli
engrasp, to; kqllot ishi, yichiffichi
engrave, to; bqshlit holissochi
engraved; bqshqt holisso, holisso
engraver, bqshlit holissochi
engraving, bqshqt holisso
engross, to; hochitolit holissochi, mo-

minchi

engrossed, hochitot holisso
enhance, to; chahqchi, chitolichi, i^shale-

chichi

enjoin, to; miha, onochi
enjoined, onutula
enjoy, to; pisa

enjoy again, to; atuklant isht ilaiyukpa
enjoyment, aiisht ilaiyukpa
enkindle, to; luachi, nuklibeshqchi, nuk-

libishqchi

enkindled; lua, nuklibisha, ulhti
enlarge, to; aiakqchi, chitochi, chitoll,

chitolichi, chitot ia, hochetoli, i^shaht ia
enlarged, chito
enlarger; hochctochi, hochetoli
enlargement, chito
enlighten, to; anukfohkichi, ikhananchi,

tohwikelichi
enlightened; anukfohka, ikhana, tohivi-

keli

enlightener; anukfokichi, ikhananchi
enlist, to; holisso lapalichi, hotina, iba-

fokqt hochifot takalichi, tohnot
enliven, to; okchalechi: yimintachi
enlivened; okcha, yimmita
enmity, 7iukkilli

ennoble, to; chahqchi, holitoblichi
ennobled, holitopa
enormity, okpulo
enormous, chito
enough, qlhpcsa
enrage, to; anukbqtachi, anukhobelqchi,

nukhobelqchi, nukoqchi
enraged; anukhobela, nukhobcla, nukoa
enrapture, to; yukpali

SYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

441

enraptured, yukpa atapa

enravish, to; yukpali

enravished, yukpa atapa

enrich., to; holitoblichi, nan inlauachi

enrich land, to; yakni niachi

enriched, holitopa

enripen, to; nunachi

enroll, to; hochifo holisso takalichi

enrolled, hochifo holisso takali

ensign; isht qlhpisa, shqpha, shqphashali

enslave, to; yukachi

enslaved, yuka

enslaved people, yuka olda

enslaver, yukachi

ensnare, to; afetibli, afetipoli, qffetqbli,

qffetipoli, hokli
ensnared, affetipoa
ensnarer, afetibli
entangle, to; shqcttehqchi, shqchopqchi,

shocholi
entangled; shqcheha, shqchila, shqchopa,

shochoha

entangled, to become; shochoha
enter, to; abeha, abehpa, chukoa, fohka,

holisso takalichi, ibachukoa, ibafoki, pit,

takalechi

enter a debt, to; aheka takalichi
enter a house, to; chuka chukoa
enter the name, to; hochifo takalichi
entered; ansha, holisso, holisso takali,

takali

enter er, chukoa
enterprise, pisa
entertain, to; aboha anusechi, ahni,

anukjilli, impachi, ishi, yukpali
entertained, yukpa
entertainment; ilhpak, impa, nan isht

ilaiyukpa
enthrone, to; aiasha holitopa ombini-

lichi, minkochi
enthroned; aiasha holitopa ombinili,

mink,o

enthusiasm, yiminta atapa
enthusiastic, yiminta atapa
entice, to; nukpqllichechi, nukpqllichi
enticed; anukpqlli, nukpqlli
enticement, isht nukpqllichi
enticer, nukpqllichechi
entire; bano, moma
entire, to make it; banochi
entirely; bano, kqnia, moma, taha
entirely, to do anything; qmohmi
entitle, to; hochifo, immi ikbi
entitled; hochifo, immi toba

entomb, to; ahollopiboli, hohpi, hollohpi
entombed; hollohpi, hollopi
entrails, iskuna
entrance; achukoa, atua, chukoa, okhisa,

shilombish kqnia
entrap, to; hokli
entreat, to; asilhha, asilhhqchi
entreated, asilhha
entreater; asilhha, asilhhqchi
entrench, to; kullit apakfobli
entrenched, kula, kulat apakfopa
entry; aboha ititakla, achukoa, okhisa,

takali

enumerate, to; hopena, hotina
enumerated; holhpena, holhtcna
enumeration; holhpena, holhtina
enunciate, to; anoli, anumpuli
enunciated; anoa, anumpa
enunciation, anumpa
envelop, to; luhmi
envelope, afoachi
enveloped, luma
envenom, to; chunkqshhominchi, ishtilli

ipeta

envious; anukchaha, nukkilli, potqnno
envious, to make; potunnuchi
environ, to; afolubli, apakfobli
environed, apakfopa
envoy, inshali imanumpeshi
envy; anukchaha, potqnno
envy, to; nukkilli, potqnno
envy, to cause; anukchahqchi
epaulet; tahchonchiya, tqlukchi onchiya,

tqlukchi tahchonchiya
epicure; hatak impashali, hatak isikopa
epilepsy, haiuchi

epistle, anumpa holisso nowqt anya
epithet, a disgusting; okpiyanli
Epsom salts, ikhfosh hqpi holba
equable, mih
equal; aiitilaui, alaui, alauechi, amiffi,

ibachanfa, itilaui, laue
equal, not; isht ikalauo
equal, to; itilauichi, lauechi
equal, to make; itilauichi
equality; aiitilaui, itilaui
equality, an; itihoba
equator, yakni iklqnna apakfoyupa
equilibrium, weki itilaui
equip, to; na halupa ilatali, na hadupa

imatali

equipped, na halupa imqlhtaha
equitable, anli
equity, a^li

442

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHKOLOGY

[BULL. 46

equivalent, ililaui

equivocate, to; anumpa afolotoicqchi

equivocation, anumpa afolotowa

eradicate, to; lobqffi .

eradicated; lobafa, lobali

erase, to; kashoffi, kashoffichi, kashoffichit
kanchi, kobqffi

erased, kashofa

erasure, akashofa

erect; apissanli, apissqt hikia

erect, placed; haioli

erect, to; hielichi, haiolichi, ikbi

erected; hikia, hioli

erecter, haiolichi

err, to; ashqchi, yoshoba

err, to cause to; ashachechi, yoshobli

err at, to; aiashachi

errand, anumpa

erring, ashqchi

erroneous; anli, qlhpesa

error; aiashachi, aiyoshoba, ashqchi, yo
shoba

erudite, nan ikhana

erudition, ikhana

eruption; bokafa, kucha, kula, mitafa

erysipelas, shuti boluktqbi

escape; lakoffi, na lakofi

escape, to; kqnia, lakoffi

escape at, to; alakofi

escape disease, to; lakoffi

escape from, to; alakofi

escaped, lakoffi

escaping, lakonffi

eschalot, hatonfqhiha

eschalot, large; hatonfqlaha chito

escort; altinna, tishu

esculent, ilhpak

especially, atuk

especially that, ak

espouse, to; apoa, asilhha

espoused, qlhpoa

espy, to; pisa

essay; holisso, pisa

essay, to; pisa

essential, nana yuhmalic qlhpesa

establish, to; abenilichi, anlichi, apesa,
binilichi, hilechi, kqllochi, ontalali

establish at a place, to; abinolichi

established; a*li, qlhpesa, hikia, kqllo

establishment; ahilechi, aiapcsa, akqllo

estate; ahikia, imilayak

esteem, to; ahnichi, hiahni, holitoblichi

esteemed; achukma, holitopa

esteemer, aiokpanchi

estimable, holitopa

estimate; aiilli, qlhpisa

estimate, to; apesa, hotina

estimated; qlhpesa, holhtena

estimation, holhtina

estimator, apesa

estuate, to; fopa

etc., chomi

eternal; ataha iksho, qmmona, bilia

eternally, bilia

eternity, qmmona

eternity, to; bilia

Eucharist, the; opiaka impa Chisqs
Klaist at apesatok

eulogize, to; holitoblichit isht anumpuli

eulogized, holitopqt isht anumpa

eulogy, holitoblit isht anumpa

eunuch; hobqk, tishu

evacuate, to; kuchichi, takoba kashoffi,
tosholi

evacuate the bowels, to; iffuka ka-
shoffi, ikjiachi

evacuated; iffuka kashofa, kucha, takoba
kashofa, toshoa

evade, to; anumpa apakfokqchi, lakoffi

evangelist; aba anumpa isht qtta, aba
anumpa tosholi, Chisqs Kilaist isht
anumpuli, holisso holitopa holissochi

evangelize, to; aba anumpa ithananchi,
aba anumpa nukfokichi

evaporate, to; shila, shippa

evaporated; shila, shippa

evasion, anumpa apakfopa

even; ak, kia, yqmmak inli

even (evening), opia

even (level), itilaui

even, to; itilauichi

even as, ak

even one, achqfona

even so, qlhpcsashke

even that one, ash

even the, ak

even two, tuklokia

evened, itilaui

evener, iti ititakqlli

evening; oklilahpi, oklilampi, opia, opi
aka, shohbi, shohbikanli

evening, to become; shohbikanli

evening, to make it; opiachi

evening hymn or song, oklili taloa

evenly, itilauit

evenness, itilaui

event; nana, nana kanihmi, yqmohmi

eventide, opia

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

443

eventuate, to; alhpesa, all

ever; bilia, chatok, nitak moma

evergreen, oJcchamali bilia

evergreen tree, iti okchako

everlasting-; ataha iksho, bilia

every; ilaiyuka, moma, puta

every day; nitak moma, onna

every kind; ilaiyuka, puta

every one; achqfa yuka, aiyuka, moma,

puta

every place, kanima moma
everyone; nan uha, okluha
everything, nana moma
everywhere, kanima moma
evidence; isht aianli, nana pfosa
evidence, to; anlichi
evident, haiaka
evidently, hatuma
evil; achukma, aiqlhpesa, aiokpulo, aiok-

puloka, alhpesa, haksi, nan ikaiqlhpeso,

nan okpulo, okpulo, yoshoba
evil eye, nishkin tamp
evil-minded, imanukfila okpulo
evil speaking, anumpa chukushpa
evil thing, nana ikachukmo
evil worker, hatak haksi
evildoer, hatak haksi
evince, to; anlichi

eviscerate, to; iffuka kuchi, iskuna kuchi
eviscerated; iffuka kucha, iskuna kucha
ewe; chukfalhpoiua tck, chukfi tek
exact, alhpiesa
exact, to; atobbichi
exactor, atobbichi
exaggerate, to; atabli
exaggerated, atapa
exaggeration, atapa
exalt, to; chahqchi, holitoblichi, ilefehnq-

chechi, yukpali
exaltation, holitopa
exalted; chaha, holitopa
examination, pisa
examine, to; pirn
examiner, pisa
exasperate, to; nukoqchi
exasperated, nukoa
excavate, to; kafakbichi, kofussachi, ko-

lokbichi, kulli, yakni kolukbichi
excavated; kafakbi, kolokbi
excavation, kofussa
exceed, to; atabli, ia, imaiya, imaiyqchi,

inshali, ishalichi

exceed, to cause to; inshalechichi
exceeding; qffekomi,fehna

excel, to; chito, imaiyachi, imponna,

ishalichi

excellence; achukma, hochukma
excellency; achukma, chltokcka
excellent; achukma, aiyoba, hochukma,

holitopa

excess; atapa, imaiya
excess, to go to; anuktapli, anuktap-

tuli, asilbqlli
excess, to lead another into; asilbal-

lichi

excessive; atapa, fehna, shali
excessively, shali
exchange, italoba
exchange, to; apunta, atobbichi, qlhto-

boa, itatoba, toba
exchanged, qlhloba
exchanger; itatoba, nan isht itatoba, nan

ittatoba

excision, bqsht tqpli
excitable, ilhkola hinla
excite, to; aianukpqllichi, anukpqllichi,

ilhkolechi, nukpqllichi, okchali, okchqli
excite inflammation, to; pikoffi
excited; anukpqlli, nukhobela, nukpqUi,

okcha, yimmita
excitement; nukhobela, nukpqlli, yi-

minta

exclaim, to; panya, tahpqla
exclamation; panya, tahpqla
exclude, to; hotina, kuchichi
excluded; holhtena, kucha
excommunicate, to; aba anumpuli iksa

kuchi
excommunicated, aba anumpuli iksa

kucha

excommunicated person, aba anum
puli kucha

excoriate, to; pikoffi
excoriated, pikofa
excrement, yqlhki
excursion, folota

excusable, anumpa onutulahe keyu
excuse; ahaksi, isht amiha, nan isht amiha
excuse, to; ahaksichi, miha, mihachi
excused, ahaksi

excuses, to have; nan isht amiha inlaua
except; keyuhokmat, keyukmqt
execrate, to; ahni, anumpa kqllo onuchi
execute, to; anlichi, atali
execute by hanging, to; anuksiteli
executed, alhpesa
execution; anli, alhpesa
executioner, hatak nuksiteli

444

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

executive, the; minko, pelicheka

exempt, to; hotina

exempted, holhtena

exercise; abqchi, tonksqli

exercise, to; abqchi, imomachi, toksa-

lechi

exert, to; kilimpi, yichina
exert all the powers, to cause to;

yichinachi

exhaust, to; kotachi, tali
exhaust the breath, to; fiopa tali
exhausted; akqnia, kota, taha, tikabi
exhibit, to; haiakqchi, pisachi
exhibit by argument, to; okfali
exhibited, haiaka
exhibiter, pisachi
exhibition, yopisa
exhilarate, to; yukpali
exhilarated, yukpa
exhort, to; anumpuli
exigency, komunta
exile; chqfa, hatak kqnia
exile, to; chafichi
exiled; chqfa, kqnia
exit; atia, kucha
exorbitant, atqpa,fehna
exotic, qlhpoba

expand, to; auata, auatqchi, wohola
expanded, auata
expatriate, to; chafichi
expect, to; ahni, hoyo
expectant; ahni, hoyo
expectation, ahni
expecter; ahni, hoyo
expectorate, to; hotilhkot tofa
expedient, aiqlhpesa
expedite, to; tunshpalechi
expedition; itanowa, tushpa
expeditious, tushpa
expel, to; chafichi, kuchi, tilcli
expelled; chqfa, kucha
expended, kqnia
expense; qlhtoba, kqnia
expensive, aiilli chito
experience; ikhana, imomaka
experiment, imomaka
experiment, to; qlbqchi, imomakachi,

y ohm it pisa

expert; qlhtaha, ikhana, imponna, tushpa
expiable, qlhtoba hinla
expiate, to; atobbi
expiated, qlhtoba
expiatory; qlhtoba, qlhtoba hinla
expirable; ilia hinla, issa hinla

expiration; fiopa, taha

expire, to; illi, issa, mosholi, nitak taha

expire (breathe out), to; apunfqchi,
fiopa, fiopa isht aiopi

explain, to; tosholi

explainable, toshoa hinla

explained; anumpa toshoa, qlhtoshoa, to
shoa

explainer, tosholi

explanation; anumpa toshoa, toshoa

explicable, toshoa hinla

explicate, to; tosholi

explication, toshoa

explicator, tosholi

explicit, apissanli

explode, to; akshuchi, basali, bokafa, Ica-
lakshichi, tukafa

exploded; aksho, kalakshi

exploder, kalakshichi

explore, to; pisa

explorer, pisa

explosion, tukafa

expose, to; haiakqchi, shahbichi

expose to the sun, to; ufka

exposed; apohko, haiaka, shahbi

exposer, haiakqchi

expositor, anumpa tosholi

expostulate, to; anum-puli

exposure, haiaka

expound, to; tosholi

expounded, toshoa

expounder, tosholi

express, apissanli

express, an; hatak anumpa isht anya,
inshali imanumpa isht anya

express, to; anumpuli, bushli, holissochi

expressed; anumpa, busha, haiaka, ho-

expressible; busha hinla, holissa hinla

expunge, to; kashoffi, kashoffichi

expunged, kashofa

expurgate, to; kashojfi, kashoffichi

expurgated, kashofa

exquisite; achukma, imponna

extant, a^sha

extemporize, to; hehkqt anumpuli

extemporizer, hehkqt anumpuli

extend, to; ashatapoli, ashatabli, asha-
tqblichi, auata, auatqchi, auatqlli, chisbi,
chisbichi, chiscmochi, lapa, lapuchi, ma-
bli, mampa, mampli, shebli, shcpoa,
she poli, icashalali

extend to, to; ona

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

445

extend to all, to; okluhanchi, putalechi
extend to two, to; tuklona
extended; ashatapa, ashatapoa, asha-

tqpa, ashatapoa, auata, chisbi, chisemoa,

lapa, mampa, mampoa
extended, to cause to be; ashatapo-

lichi

extension, lapa
extensive; chito, pqtha
extent; aiali, auata, ali, chito
extenuate, to; isldtinichi
extenuated, iskitini
exterior; kucha, paknaka
exterminate, to; lubbi, okpani
exterminated; lopa, luba, okpulo
external, kucha
extinct; aksho, issa, mosholi
extinction, mosholi
extinguish, to; ahokoffichi, okpani
extinguish fire, to; luak mosholichi,

mosholichi

extinguishable, mosholicha hinla
extinguished; ahokofa, mosholi, okpulo
extinguished fire, luak mosholi
extirpate, to; lubbit tali, tcha, teli
extirpated, luba
extol, to; afehnichi, holitoblichit isht

anumpuli

extort, to; wehpuli
extorted, wehpoa
extortion, wehpoa
extortioner, wehpuli
extract, akucha
extract, to; bushli, honi, kuchi
extract from, to; akuchi
extracted; akucha, busha, honni, kucha
extraction, isht atia
extravagant, imilayak isht yopomo
extreme; aiinshali, inshali, isht aiopi,

irishakchi

extreme, the; aiali, aiisht aiopi
extreme distress, ilbasha
extremely; fchna, tokba
extremity; aiali, aiinshali, ilbasha, iri
shakchi

extricable, lakojfa hinla
extricate, to; kuchichi
extricated; kucha, lakoffi
extrication; kucha, lakoffi
extrinsic; kucha, paknaka
exuberant, apakna
exude, to; litilli
exude, to cause to; litilli
exult, to; yak pa

exultation, yukpa

eye; chiluk, nishkin

eye, bad; nishkin okpulo

eye, black; nishkin lusa

eye blue; oktalonli

eye, corner of the; nishkin ali

eye, dim; nishkin tohbi

eye, edges of the; nishkin ali

eye, gazing; okchilali

eye, gray; oktalonli

eye, large; okchilali

eye, light-colored; nishkin hqta

eye, perished; nishkin shamba

eye, ruined; nishkin okpulo

eye, sockets of the; nishkin aheli chiluk

eye, to; apistikeli, atokot pisa, pisa

eye, white; oktalonli

eye of a needle, chufak nishkin

eye of the mind, imanukfila

eye salve, nishkin imikhinsh

eyeball, nishkin

eyebrow; imosana, imosana hishi

eyed, one-; nishkin achqfa

eyelash, nishkin shili^hchi

eyelid; nishkin hakshup, nishkin shilinh-

chi hakshup
eyer; apistikeli, pisa
eyes, bright; pqlhpakqchi
eyes, goggled; okchilunli
eyes, large; okchilunli, okchilanshli
eyes, rolling; okchilanshli
eyes, sharp; okchilunli
eyesight; holhponayo, hoponkoyo, isht

hopunkoyo, isht hopunayo, nishkin nihi
eyesight, to give; holhponayochi
eyetooth; isht itibbi, noti isht itibi
eyewater, nishkin imikhinsh
eyewitness; na pfosa, nana pi^sa

fable; holabi, shukha anumpa

fable, to; holabi, shukanump ikbi, shuk-

hanumpikbi

fabled, shukanumpa anumpa
fabric; aboha, nan tqnna, nana toba
fabricate, to; ikbi
fabricated, toba
fabrication; holabi, toba
fabricator, ikbi
fabulous, shukhanumpa
face; apaknali, kaniohmi, muyaha, na-

shuka, pakna, tikba
face, red; nashuka humma
face, to; alatali, asqnni, asonali
face, to cause to; asanalichi

446

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

faced; folota, alata

facetious; yopula shali, yukpa

facile, miha

facing, alata

fact; anli, kaniohmi, nana

factor, isht qtta

factory; aiitatoba, aiitatoba chuka

faculties, imanukfila

faculty; imanukfila, imponna

fade; to; bqshi, kashofa, kashoffi, tikabi

faded; bqshi, kashofa, likabi, toffokoli

faggot, shauwa talakchi

faggot, to; shauwa takchi

faggoted, shauwa talakchi

fail, to; akshuchi, ashqchi, hokofa, illi,
issa, laua, onachi, tahat ia

failing; O7ia, onachi

fain, yukpa

faint; hoyqbli, kqllo, kota, tikabi

faint, to; bila, illi, kota, tasembo, tikabi

faint-hearted, hobqk toba

faintness, kota

fair (clear); masheli, okshauanli, ok-
shauqshli

fair (handsome), pisa aiukli

fair (just); achukma, anli, apissanli, qlh-
pesa

fair, a; aiitatoba chito

fair, to cause to be; okshauanlichi

fair man, hatak alhpesa

fair weather, masheli

fair weather, entirely; kamak at kqnia

fairly, alhpesa

fairness; achukma, anli, apissanli, alh
pesa, kashofa

fairy, konwi anunkqsha

fairy, female; kushikanchak

fairy, male; qbitampa

faith; aiyimmika, aba anumpa, na yimmi,
yim mi

faithful, anli

faithfully, anli

faithfulness, anli

faithless, anli, na yimmi, yimmi

fall (autumn), ahpi, hqshtulahpi, onafa,
onafapi

fall (ruin), okpuloka

fall, a; akkitula, itola, liwdi, kaha, kinafa,
okafohopa, okqttula, okpulo

fall, last; onafash

fall, liable to; kinafa hinhi

fall, to; akakoha, akq/na, akkama, chilofa,
itittpila, itola, ittula, kaha, kihcpa, ki
nafa, kinali, kobafa, iiiccli, oka pita-

fohopa, oka pitakinifa, okpulo, sakti oka

pit akinafa, shippa, tokofa, yoshoba
fall, to be suffered to; latapa
fall, to cause to; akakolichi, chilofachi,

liwelichi, shippali
fall against, to; aboa, pokafa
fall as dew, to; fichak toba
fall back, to; falama
fall backward, to; olbalhpila
fall down, to; akka itula, akkakaha, ak-

kakoha, akkama, akkitola, fohopa, kaha,

lipiat itola, lipkachi
fall into, to; fohki
fall into the water, to; lobukachi, ok-

atula, okattula

fall on, to; onitula, onutula, panfi, shiyuli
fall on the face, to; lepa, lipia
fall out, to; achowa
fall over, to; filemat itola
fallacious, anli
fallacy, haksichi
fallen; akkakoha, akkitula, chilofa, kinafa,

kinali, shippa, yileha
fallen down; akkakoha, akkama, kaha,

luhama

fallen man, hatak yoshoba
fallen on, onutula
fallible; haksa hinla, haksicha hinla
falling, chilofa
fallow, homaiyi
fallow, a; aholokchi
fallow, to ; yakni patqjji
fallow ground, aholokchi
false; anli, holabi, isunlqsh chulata, isiui-

Iqsh tuklo
false accuser or swearer; aholqbechi,

aholqbi

false witness, to bear; aholqbi
falsehood; anli, holabi, lushka
falsely; anli, holabi
falsifier, holabi
falsify, to; holabi, holabichi
falsity, holabi
falter, to; anukchito
fame; aianoyuwa, anoa, anoira, qnnoa
famed, anoa

familiar; chunkqsh yohbi, ikhana
familiarize, to; ikhananchi
family; chuka achqfa, chukachqfa, hatak

chuka achqfa, oklushi
famine, hopoa
famous, anoa
fan; amqshtichi, qlhpqtak, ql/nachi, isht

amalichi, isht ilamalichi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

447

fan, small hand; ufko

fan, to; amalichi, amashlichi

fan pride, to; ilefehnqchechi

fanatic, tasembo

fanciful, imanukfila laua

fancy, anushkumia

fancy, a; inholitopa, imanukjila

fancy, to; anushkunna, inhollo

fane, aboha hanta

fang; isht itibbi, iyakchush, noti isht itibi

fanged; isht itibbi a^sha, iyakchush a^sha

fanned, mqshahchi

fanning mill, onush amalichi

fanner; amashlichi, ufko

fantasm, shilup

far; atqpa, fehna, hopaki

far up, aba pitta

fare; aiilli, ilhpak

fare, to; a™ya, qpa, manya

farewell, a^ya

farish, hopahki

farm, osapa

farm, to; impota, osapa pilesa, osapa

toksali
farmer; hatak osapa tonksqli, osapa isht

qtta, osapa toksali
farmhouse, osapa chuka talaia
farrier; isuba imalikchi, isuba iyi tali iyi

lapalichi

farrow, shukhushi pelechi achqfa
farrow, to; shukhushicheli
farther; hopaki inchali, mishapilla, mi-

shema

farther side of a creek, bok mishtqnnqp
farther up, abehma
farthest; hopaki fehna, hopaki inchali
fascinate, to; chunkqsh ishi, chunkqsh

yukachi, haksichi
fashion; akanimi, kaniohmi, yakohmika,

yqmohmi, yohmi
fashion, to; ikbi, yqmihchi
fast (swift); chali, pqlhki
fast (tight); afacha, qlhkqma
fast, a; okissa
fast, to; hullochi, impa, na hollochi, na

hullochi, nan hullochi, nukha^klot nan-

hullochi, okissa
fast asleep; illi, nusit illi
fast day, okissa nitak
fast walker, chali
fasten, to; afacha, afachali, afqshli, alca-

mqssqli, atakalichi, atapqchi, qtapqchi,

qttapqchi, hokli, okshita

fasten with a bolt, to; tqlifobqssa isht

akamqssqlli
fastened; afacha, afachali, afqshkachi,

akamqssa, ashqna, atokovm, qlhfqsha,

okshillita, oktqpa
fastened up, qlhkqma
fastened with a bolt; tali fobqssa isht

akamqssa

fastener; isht afacha, isht akamqssqlli
fastener (one who fastens); afachali,

atapqchi

faster, na hollochi
fastness, holihta kqllo
fat; bila, na bila, nia, weki
fat, a; iti honni aiqlhto, iti isht honni

aiqlhto

fat, hog's, shukha bila
fat, to; nia, niachi, niat isht ia
fat of beef, wok bila
fatal; isht ilia hinla, okpulo
fatal sickness, abeka okpulo
fatality, aiyqmohmahe qlhpesa
father; anki, chinke, ikbi, inki, pinki,

tikba
Father, our Great; Pinki ishto, Pinki

chito, Pinki chitokaka
Father, our Heavenly; Pinki aba
father, to; inki ilikbi
Father in Heaven, his; Inki aba
father-in-law; qmafo, haloka, imafo,

imqfo, ipochi, ipochi halloka
fathered, inki toba
fatherhood; inki, inki chohmi
fatherless, inki iksho
fathers, the; asqnonchi, asunonchi
fathom; ashatqpa, ashatqpoa, isht qlh-

pisa tuklo

fathomless; akka iksho, akkahoyo, ikhana
fatigue; tikabi, tonksqli
fatigue, to; tikabichi
fatigued, tikabi
fatness, nia

fatten, to; niachi) niat isht ia
fattened, nia
fattener, niachi
fatty, nia
faucet; abicha, isht bicheli, oka abicha, oka

isht bicheli

fault; aiashqchi, ashqchi
faulty, okpulo
favor, aiahninchi
favor, to; apela, apelachi
favored, imola

448

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

favorer, apelachi

favorite; inholitopa, inhollo

fawn; isi ushi, isushi

fawn, to; ahpqlli, aiokpqchi, isi ushi

cheli

fay, to; alhpiesa
fear, nukshopa

fear, exclamation of; yilishachi
fear, to; ahni, anuklakancha, holitobli,

nukshopa

fear, to produce; nukwiachi
fearful; anukwia, nukshopa, nukwia, ok
pulo, palqmmi
fearless, nukshopa
fearlessly, nukshompiksho
feast; chepulli, impa chito, impachi, nan

ipetqchi, nan isht ilaiyukpa
feast, to; chepulechi, chepulli, chunkqsh

yukpali, impa, impachi, yukpali
feast, to attend a; chepullit ansha
feast, to make a; chepulechi
feaster; impa, impachi
feasting, nan isht ilaiyukpa
feat, nafehna
feather; abukbo, akank hishi, hapukbo,

hishi, hoshinshi, hushi hishi, shikopa,

wonuksho

feather, to; shikopa isht shema
feather bed; hoshinshi patglhpo, hoshin-

shi patqlhpo topa, hoshinshi topa
feathered, hishi toba
feathered entirely, hishi tobat taha
febrifuge, yqnha isht shipqchi ikhinsh
February, Fibucli
feces; lakchi, okshahala, yqlhki

fed, ilhpita

fee, alhtoba

fee, to; atobbi, tohno

feeble; botosha, kota, tikabi

feeble-minded, hatak imanukfila ikkqllo

feebleness; haknip kota, kqllo

feed; impa, isuba imilhpak

feed, to; qpa, impa, impachi, impachi,

ipeta, niachi, yukpali
feed an infant, to; pishechi
feeder; impachi, ipeta
feel, to; anukfilli, hushshiho, ikhana,

posholi

feel of, to; pasholi, potoli
feeling; chn"k(inh, ikhana, imanukjila
fees, alhtoba
feet, naked; •//// bcka
feign, to; ilaftobbi
feint, ilahobbi

felicitate, to; yukpali

felicitated, yukpa

fell; hiahni iksho, okpulo, palammi

fell, to; akakoli, akkachi, kinalichi, ki-

naffi

feUed, akka
feUer, Tdnaffi
fellow; apaha, binka, ibabinili, ibafoka,

ibaianta, ichapa, ichapoa, itichapa
fellow, to; ichapa
fellow-citizen, okla chafa
fellow-laborer, ibato^ksali
fellow-mortal, illi binka
fellow-scholar, holisso itibapisa
fellow-servant, yuka minka
fellow-soldier, tashka chipota mi^ka
fellow-student; holisso ibapisa, holisso

itibapisa
fellow-traveler; ibaianya, itiachi, itiba-

nowa

fellowship, itibafoka
felly, chanaha
felon, hunkupa

felonious; haski, hunkupa, okpulo
felt, chukft hishi shapo
female; hatak ohoyo, ohoyo, tek
female, aged; ohoyo kasheho
female fox, chula tek
female sex, ohoyo pisa aiukli
feminine, ohoyohmi
fen; lunsa, oklanshko
fence, holihta

fence, crooked; holihta yinyiki
fence, picket; holihta halupa
fence, to; holihtachi, itibi
fence, Virginia; holihta yinyiki
fence, worm; holihta yinyiki
fence side, holihta apotaka
fence with stone, to; tali isht holihtachi
fenced, holihta
fenceless, holihta iksho
fencer, itibi

fencing stuff, holihta pala
fend, to; katqbli, okhatqbli, okshita
fenny, oklanshko
ferment, walalli
ferment, to; chibokqchi, shatqmmi, sha-

tqmmichi, walqllichi, wushohqchi, icu-

shull't, u'ushullichi
fermented; shatqmmi, ivushulli
fermentation; wushohqchi, icushulli
fermentation, to cause; wushullichi
ferret, to; kuchichi
ferret, wide; sita

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

449

ferreted, kucha

ferriage; alhtoba, peni kucha alhtoba

ferrule, tali afohoma

ferry; akucha, alopulli, isuba inpeni,

penalopulli, peni, peni intalaia, peni

patassa, peni pqtha
ferryman, peni isht qtta
ferry, to; peni kuchichi, tanapolechi,

tanqblichi

fertile; awaya achukma, imanukjila laua
fertility, awaya achukma
fertilize, to; yakni niachi
ferule, a; iti shimafa shanfa
fervent; chu^kash homi, lashpa, walqlli
fervid, lua
fervor, lashpa

fester, to; aninchichi, wulhko
festival, impa chito
festival, to make a; chepulechi
fetch, lushka

fetch, to; aiilli, qla, shali
fetch near, to; bilinkachi
fetid; bitema, kosoma, koloma, shua
fetid smell, kosoma
fetid smell, to cause a; kosomqchi
fetlock, isuba iyi hishi
fetor, kotoma

fetor, to cause; kotomqchi
fetter; iyi isht intalakchi, tali iyi isht qlbi
fetter, horse; isuba iyi isht talakchi
fetter, to; iyi intakchi, iyintakchi
fettered; isht intalakchi, iyi isht intalak
chi, iyintalakchi
fetus, ushi tobat taha
feud, achoiva

fever; nan abeka, nipi lua, yanha, yanha
fever, bilious; yanha chito
fever, great; yanha fehna
fever, high; yanha chito
fever, to cause a; yanhachi
fever, to have a; yanha, yanha
fever, to induce a; yanhachi
fever and ague, hochukica yanha
feverish; imanukjila shanaioa, libbi-

kqchi, mqfkqchi, yanha chohmi, yqnoba
few; achafoha, chqbiha, chqbihasi, chuka-

chqfa abinili, laua
few, to cause a; qchafoachi
few, to select or take a; qchafoachi,

qchafolechi, qchafoli
few, very; chqbihasi, kanomusi
few and scattering; achafoa, qchafoa
fiat, anumpa qJhpisa
fib; atiumjHi hohtbi, holabi

fib, to; holabi

fibber, holabi

fiber, akshish

fickle; imanukjila laua, imanukjila sha

naioa

fiddle, ale/pa

fiddle, to; atepa olachi, ale push i olachi
fiddle bow, alepushi isht olachi
fiddle maker, alepush ikbi
fiddler; alepolachi, alepush olachi
fiddlestick, alepushi isht olachi
fiddle-string, alepushi isht talakchi
fiddling, alepush olachi
fiducial, iyimmi
fiduciary, iyimmi
fiduciary, a; yimmi
field; aiitibbi, atoksqli, oktak
field, large; qjfekoma
field, small; osapushi
field guard, osapa atoni
field of battle, aiitibbi
fieldpiece, tanamp chito
fiend; shilombish okpulo, tqnqp
fiendish, okpulo

fiendh'ke, shilombish okpulo holba
fierce; achillila, anukshomunta, chilita,

nukoa

fierce, rendered; achillita
fierce, to make; achiletqli, achillitqchi
fierce-minded, chunkqsh yiminta
fierceness, nukoa
fiery; chunkqsh homi, homi, hushmi,

lashpa, lua, nukoa
fife; oskula, uskulushi
fife, to; uskulushiolachi
fif er, uskulush olachi
fifteen, auah talapi
fifth, isht talapi
fifthly, isht talapi
fiftieth, isht pokoli
fifty, pokoli
fig; bihi chito, fik
fig leaf, bihi chito hishi
fight, itibbi

fight, to; boli, fehna, itibi, itoti, tanampt
fight, to cause to; itibechi
fight for, to; apepoa
fighter, itibi
figurative, isht qlhpisa
figure; holba, holhtina, holisso, isht qlh

figure, to; hobach
filament, ponola
filch, to;

ikbi, iniahoba

450

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

filcher, hunkupa

file (for arranging things); aholhtapi,

holhtampi

file (rank), itiakaya
file (tool), isht milofa
file, large; isht milofa chito
file, to; haluppqchi, miloffi, miloha, milo-

hqchi, milolichi

file (to arrange), to; hotampi
file, to advance in; baiqllit manya
filed; halupa, milofa, milohqchi, miloli
filed (arranged), holhtqpi
filed place, amilofa
filed there, amilofa
filer, milojfl

files, to stand in; baiqlli, baiilli
filing, hotampi
filings, botulli
fiU, alota
fill, to; alotoli, alulli, alqchaya, hilechi,

kaiyqchi

fill a place, to; atobachi
fill bottles, to; kotoba aloli
fill up, to; alolua, alota, alotowa, alacha,

alqchkqchi, asheli, ashinli, labli
fill with water, to; oka kaiya, oka kai-

yqch i
filled; alolua, alota, qlhpesa, kaiya, kotoba

alolua

filled up; aialota, alotowa, ashinya
filled with, isht anukfokqt alota
filled with water, oka kaiya
fillet; iachuka, pansh isht talakchi, panshi

isht talakchi

fillet, royal; minko imiachuka
fillet, to; takchi
filling, aha i/a
filling, the; isht (anna
fillip, ibbak ushi olachi
fillip, to; sakaha
filly, isuba tek himinita
film, hakshup
filter; ahoii/a, aholuya
filter, to; hoii/a, hoiyqchi, holuya
filtered; hoii/a, holuya
filth; na shua, shua
filthiness; shua, toshbi
filthy; chakapa, likokoa, toshbi
filthy, to render; likokoachi
filtrate, to; holuya, holuyqchi
filtrated, holuya

fin; isht okyoli, ////, nqniyi, sanahchi
final, ;.s7// aiopi
finally; isht aiopi, polanka

find, to; ahauchi, ahayu, atali, ikhgna,

pisa

find fault, to; na miha shall
find out, to; akostininchi
finder, ahauchi
fine (good); achukma, aiukli, imponna,

lisepa, mismiki, yohbi
fine (small and soft); chipinta, halupa,

lapushki, lipihbi, lipinka, pushi, tapuski
fine, a; glhtoba
fine (in music), iskitini
fine, to; anumpa qlhpisa onuchi, kashoffi
fine, to make; lihpibichi, mismikichi
fine and soft; lipeha, lipemo, lipinto,

lipisto
fine and soft, to make; lipehqchi, lipc-

mochi, lipistochi

fine and soft, very; lisisinkqchi
fine clothes, isht shema
fine snow, okti pushi
fined; anumpa qlhpisa onutula, kashofa
finely; achukma, lapushki
fineness; aiukli, kashofa, pushi, tapuski
finery, isht shema
finger, ibbak ushi
finger, little; ibbak ush qli
finger, to; ibbak ushi isht pasholi
finger end, ibbak ushi inshakchi
finger joint, ibbak ushi itqchakqlli
finger nail, ibbak chush
finger ring; ibbak ushi foka, ibbak ushi

abiha

finical, achukma
finis, isht aiopi
finish, to; ahokoffichi, atali, qlhtaha, ba-

kqstuli, loshummi, lushomi, taha, tali
finish off at, to; aloshummi
finish the day, to; shohbichi
finished; ataha, qlhtaha, bakqsto, lo-

shuma, lushoma, taha
finished off at, aloshuma
finisher; bakqstuli, tali
finite, aiqli
fire; chu^kash homi, ito, luak, nukoa,

nukhobcla, tukafa achqfa, ulhti
fire, council; ulhti
fire, everlasting; luak ataha iksho
fire, great; luak chito
fire, night; ninak luak, nhtak pala/i
fire, one council; ulhti achqfa
fire, to; hukini, hushmi, lua, luachi, mik-

hobclqchi, nukoqchi, tokali, tokalichi,,

tufaka, tukqjfi
fire, to be well on; tobcla

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

451

fire, to cause to; tokalichi

fire, to kindle a; oti

fire off, to; tukaffi

fire kindler, oti

fire pan, luak apqla

fire poker, luak isht chilichi

fire water, oka luak

firearms, tanampo

fired; hollokmi, holushmi, lua, tukafa

fired off, tokali

fired on, tukafa

firedogs, itakowa intula

firelock, tanampo

fireman; luak ikbi, luak mosholichi

fireplace; aiulhti, luak ashoboli, luak

atoba, luak iksita, luak ituksita
firer, hukmi

fires a gun, one who; tukqffi
firewood; itakowa, iti ulhti
firm; apissanli, kamassa, kallo, weki
firm, a; itapelachi
firm man; hatak kamassa, hatak kamqs-

sqlli
firmament; atohwakali, auataya, shutik

aba, tohwali, towakali
firmness; kamassa, kallo
first; ah pi, amona, qmmona, tikba, tinkba,

tikbashalika
first child, ushahpi
first darkness, oklilahpi
first hereafter; tfakba
first one, to be the; achqfahpi
first rate, aehukma inshaht tali
firstborn; akni, qttahpi, inki ichapa, isha-

hpi, tinkba, tikba qtta, ushahpi
firstling, chelahpi
fish, nani

fish, a great; nani chito
fish, a red; nani humma
fish, a species of; ka^shka lusa, kqshka,

sakli, shakla, tqlbqsa
fish, to; nan okweli
fish, young; nan ushi
fish basket, nani isht hokli
fish eater, nanapa
fish net, nani isht hokli
fish pot, nani isht hokli
fish trap; nqnqlbi, nani isht hokli
fisher; nan okweli, nqnqbi
fisherman; nan okweli, nqnqbi, nani

hokli

fishery; nan aiokweli, nan okweli
fish hawk, chunkcho

fishhook; nan isht qlbi, nan isht okwia,

nani isht hokli
fishing place, nan aiokweli
fishy, smelling; nakshobi
fishy smell, nakshobi
fissure; waklali, yakni chiluk
fissures, large; kitanli
fist, ibbak bonunta
fist, to; ibbak bonuht isht isso
fistula, shatali
fit, qlhpesa

fit, a; haiuchi, haiuchichi, haiyichichi
fit, to; aiskiachi, atali, yohmi aiqlhpesa
fit in, to; alacha, alqchaya, alqchkqchi
fit together, to; itabana
fitness, qlhpesa
fitted, qlhtaha
five, talapi

five score, talepa achqfa
five times; talapiha
fivefold, inluhmi
fix, to; aiiskia, aiiskiachi, aiskiachi, akql-

lochi, apesa, hilechi, iksiachi, kqllochit

hilechi, tola

fix up a fire, to; tikbichi
fixed; aiiska, aiskqchi, aiskia, kallo,

tqluli

flaccid, bilakli

flag; hqshuk pancha, na hqta, shqpha
flag (called "cat-tail"), pancha
flag of truce, na hqta
flag, to; bqshi, kota, tikabi, walohbi
flageolet, uskulushi
flagitious; haksi, okpulo
flagon, isht ochi
flagrant; humma, okpulo
flagstaff, kohta
flail; isht boli, onush isht boli
flake of snow, oktusha achqfa
flame; libbi, libbika
flame, to; libbi, libbichi
flank, ikjichukbi
flannel; chukfi hishi nan tqnna, chukfi

hishi tqnna
flap, apokshiama
flap, to; wileli
flare, to; lipkqchi, lipli
flare, to cause to; liplichi
flash; mqlkqchi, tohkasakli, tohwekikli,

tohwikikli
flash, to; hqshuk mqlli, mqllahtakqchi,

shubbukli, tohkasakli, tohmali, tohmasli
flash, to cause to; tohmaslichi

452

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHXOLOGY

[BULL. 4G

flash of lightning; hqshuk mqlli, mql-
lahtakqchi

flask, kotoba patqssa

flask, powder; hituk aiqlhto

flat; kqllo, latasa, latastua, lataswa, la-
tqssa, malaspoa, malaswa, malqssa, pa-
tasah, pataspoa, patqla, pataspoa, pa
tqssa, takassa, iveki

flat, a; pataswa, yakni patqssa

flat, to; patasqchi

flat, to make; patasqchi, patasqlli

flat and smooth, malqssa

flat and thin, to make; takassa

flat land, yakni patqssa

flat-nosed; ibichilu patqssa, ibishakni pa
tqssa

flat ones, malaswa

flatfish, nqni patqssa

flatiron, ilefoka halushkichi

flatness; latasa, patqssa

flatten, to; latasqlli, latastuli, latqssqchi,
malaspoqchi, malaswqchi, malqssqchi,
patasqlli, pataspuli, patashuli

flattened; lataswa, latqssa, pataspoa,
patashua, patqskqchi

flatter, to; anumpa achukmalit chukq-
shichi

flatulency, akeluachi

flatulency, to cause; akeluachechi

flatulent, akeluachi

flavor, balama

flaw; bitanli, mali

flaw, to; bitanlichi, koli

flawed, koa

flax, nuchi

flay, to; fonffi, Mi

flayed; lonfa, loha

flayer, lonjfi

flea, kqshti

fleabite; kqshti akobli, kqshti akopoli

fleam; issish isht kuchi, isht lumpa

fled; chqfa, yilepa

fledge, to; hishi toba

fledged, hishi toba

fledglings, aliktichi

flee, to; chqfa, lakoffi, maleli, tilaya, yilepa

fleece; chukfi hishi qlmo, hishi

fleece, to; chukji hishi qmo

fleeced, chukfi hishi qlmo

fleer, to; isht yopula

fleet, pqUiki

fleet, to; pqlhkit anya

fleeting, pqlhkit any a

flesh; nipi, poa nipi

flesh, dead; nipi illi

flesh, dry or dried; nipi shila, nipi

shulla

flesh, perished; nipi shulla
flesh, putrid; nipi shua
flesh, withered; nipi shulla
flesh of animals, poa nipi
fleshed, nia
fleshhook; bili, okhawi
fleshy, nia

flexible; bikota hinla, walohbi
flexible, to make; walohqchi, ivalohbichi
flier; chqfa, heli, hika, maleli, na hika
flight, chqfa
flight of stairs, atuya
flimsy; kqllo, walohbi
flinch, to; issa
fling, pila

fling, to; kanchi, pila
flint, tasqnnuk
flint-hearted, chunkqsh kqllo
flippant, anumpuli shall
flirt, to; fall, tahtuli
flirt the tail, to; hasimbishfali
flirted, tahtua
flit, to; chachqchi, hika
float; ahchihpo, okpalali, pehta
float, to; mahaiyqt anya, okpalali, okpa-

lalichi, okpaloli, okpalolichi
float, to cause to; okpalolichi
floated, okchito
floating, a; okpalali
flock; anya, anya achqfa, lukoli
flock, to; ibakaha, itqnaha, lukoli
flog, to; fqmmi, mitinha
flogged, fqma

flood; laua, okafalama, okchito
flood, to; okchitochi
flood, to become a; okchito
flood, to make a; okchitochi, okchitoli
flooded, okchito
floor; aboha itipatqlhpo, iti patapo, iti

patqlhpo

floor, to; iti patali
floor, upper; aba patqlhpo
flop, to; lopohqchi
florid, humma
flounce, apohota
flounce, to; yichina
flounder, to; yichina
flour; bota, bota lashpa, pushi, tansh

pushi

flour, cold; bota kapqssa
flour, corn; bota tanshpa

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

453

flour, to; pushechi

flour, to become; bota

flour, wheat; bota hgta, bota tohbi

flour of sulphur or of brimstone;

hituk lakna bota
floured, pushi
flout, to; isht yopula
flow, to; mali, nishkin okchiyanglli, oka

bikeli, okchitochi, okchitoli, yanalli
flow, to cause to; paiolichi
flow in, to cause to; oka bikelichi
flow in or over, to; bikeli
flow out, to; asetili
flower; himmita, himmithoa, nam pa-

kanli, pakanli
flower, to; pakanli
flowered, pakanli
flowery, pakanli laua
flowing, yanalli
fluctuate, to; bgnakgchi, pohokgchi,

shanaioa

fluctuate, to cause to; banakachechi
fluctuating, imanukfila laua
flue; ashoboli, luak ashoboli
fluency, anump inkucha achukma
fluent, anumpuli imponna
flurry, mali
flush, okcha
flush, to; humma
flute; oskula, uskula
flute, to play on a; uskula olachi
flutter, aiitaiyokoma
flutter, to; lopohgchi, mitihachi, nukki-

tekgchi

flutterer, mitihachi
fluttering, timikteli
flux; ulbal ont ia, yanalli
fly; chukani, shu^shi
fly, biting; shunshi iralana
fly, green; shunshi okchamali
fly, horse; shunshi walana
fly, Spanish; shunshi okchamali isht

wulhkuchi
fly, to; apakfopa, anya, fichamoa, fite-

lichi, heli, hika, maleli, tunshpa, yobota
fly (as a spark), to; chulotah
fly, to cause to; helichi, hikachi
fly, water; shunshi oka ansha
fly against, to; asonali
fly into a passion, to; nuklibishlikachi
fly oft sideways, to; tiballi
fly off sideways, to cause to; tib-

inllichi

fly open, to; Jichama

flyblow, chukanushi

flyblow, to; chukanicheli

flyblown, chukanushi ansha

flying; heli, hika, yabota

flying, a; yananta

flying clouds, hoshonti yabata

flying stars, fichik heli

foal, isubushi

foal, to; cheli, isubushi cheli

foam; oka pokpoki, pokpoki

foam, to; oka pokpoki, pokpoki

foam, to cause to; oka pokpokechi

fob, hashi isht ikhana inshukcha

fodder, alhpoa imilhpak

fodder, to; alhpoa ipeta

foddered, alhpoa ilhpita

foe, tanap

fog, oktohbi

foggy, oktohbichi

foil, to; okpani

fold, inluhmi

fold, a; poloma, polomoa

fold, to; apolomichi, bunni, holihtani^

itakomoli, kochofa, polomi, polomoli.

puli

fold up in, to; abonulli
folded; bonkachi, holihtglhto, poloma,

polomoa, pula
folder; holihtani, puli
folks; hatak, okla
follow, to; alioa, atia, iakaiya, iakaiyg-

chit pisa, iakaiyoha, ibafoka, ibafokgt

anya, isht gtta, lioa
follow, to cause to; iakaiyachi, iakaiyo-

hachi

follow by scent, to; ahchishi
follow in haste, to; iahinsht ia
follower; iakaiya, iakaiyoha, ibafoka
following; achanka, hiinmak
folly; aiglhpesa, haksulba, yoshoba
foment, to; hobi
fond of; ahinnia, anushkunna
fondle, to; ahpglli, akomuta
fondler, ahpglli
font, kali
food; gpa, honni, ilhpa, ilhpak, ilimpa,

impa, na holhponi, nan gpa, nan ilhpak,

nan ilimpa, nan impa, uksak ulhkomo
food, boiled; labocha, lobocha
fool; hatak imanukfila iksho, imanukjila

iksho
fool, to; haksichi, isht yopula, yimmiclii

454

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

fooled; haksi, pakama, pakamoa, yimmi
foolish; haksulba, imanukfila iksho, tasim

holba

foolish man, hatak hopoyuksa
foolishness, haksulba
foot, iyi

foot, naked; iyi bano
foot, to; hubli, hotina
foot joint, iyi tilokqchi
foot log; achqba, asilhchap, hahchqbah,

sqlbash
foot of a hill; chakpatali, chakpatalika,

okkqttahaka

foot of a tree, iti akishtqla
footbridge; achaba, asalbqsh, asechip,

qlhchqba, sqlbash
footing, ahikia
footman, hinka

footpad; akkahunkupa, hunkupa akka nowa
footstep; anoiva, iyi
fop; hatak ilakshema shali, hatak shema

shali
for; atuk, hatok, hatuk, he, isht, pulla,

pvllakako

for a long time or way, hopaki
for a season, kanima
for a time, naha

for the sake of; hatuk, pullakako
for us, pin

forage, qlhpoa imilhpak
forage, to; qlhpoa imilhpak itqnnali
forbear, to; nukchinto, olqbbi
forbid, to; alqmmi, alqmmichi, olqbbi
forbidden, alama
forbode, to; tikba anoli
force; kqllo, kilimpi, lampko
force, to; afoa, hoklit aiissa
forcible; kqllo, kilimpi
ford; akucha, alopoli, alopulli, hina

kucha, okhina, okhina akucha
ford a river, to; okhina akka nowqt

lopulli
fore, tfakba

fore horse, isuba tikba heli
forearm, itqlhpali
forecast, to; tikba pisa
forechoose, to; tikba atokuli, tikba hotina
forechosen; tikba qlhtuka, tikba holhtina
forefather, hatak tfrkba
forefinger, ibbak ushi tikba
forefoot, iyi tikba
forefront of a rock, asanali
forego, to; ma
forehanded, nan inlaua
forehead; ibitakla, imosana

foreign; inla, oklush inla

foreign man, oklush inla hatak

foreign nation, oklush inla

foreign people, okla inla

foreign tribe, oklush inla

foreigner; hatak inla, okla inla, oklush
inla, oklush inla hatak

forejudge, to; tikba apesa

foreknow, to; tikbanlit ithana

foreknowledge; tikbanliikhana, tikban
lit ithana

foremost, tikba fehna any a

foreordain, to; tikba atokuli

fore part of the day, nitak cchi

forerunner, tikba^ya

foresee, to; tikba pisa, tikbanlit pisa

foreside, tikba

foreskin; itikba hakshup, tikba

forest; iti anunka, konwi chito, konwi
hochito

forestall, to; tikba chumpqt aiishi

foretell, to; na tikbanli anoli, tikba
anoli, tikbanlit anoli

foretooth; noti ibish, noti tikba

fore top; ibishqchi, ibitakla pa™shi, imo
sana hishi

forever, bilia

forewarn, to; tikbanli imanoli

forewarned, tikba qnnoa

forge; apunfa, tqlaboli

forge, to; boli

forget, to; ahaksi, qlhkqniq, imahaksi,
imahaksichi, imihaksi

forgetful; ahaksichi shali, imahaksi

forgetfulness, imahaksi

forgetter, na imahaksi

forgive, to; ahaksichi, imahaksi, kashoffi,
kashoffichit kanchi

forgiven, kashofa

forgiven, to cause to be; imahaksichi

forgiveness, imahaksichi

forgiver, ahaksichi

forgotten; ahaksi, qlhkqniq, imahaksi

forgotten, to cause to be; imahaksichi

fork; afolakto, afolaktua, chufak, chufak
falakto, chukulbi, falakto, Jichapa, ficha-
poa, filgmminchi, shokulbi

fork, iron; tali falakto

fork, table; chufak isht bili

fork, to; chulaktochi, falakto, falaktuli,
jichapa, fichapoa, fichapoli, Jichqbli,
itakchulalichi

fork, to cause to; afolaktochi, afolak-
tuli, falaktuchi, Jichapolichi

fork in the road, hina falakto

fork of a creek, bok falakto

BYINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

455

fork them, to; itakchulashlichi
forked; afolakto, afolaktua, chilakto,

chulakto, falakto, Jichapa, Jichapoa, itak-

chulakto, itakchulali, itakchulashli, wak-

cha, wakchalashli
forked, to make; chilaktochi
forked at, to be; afolakto
forked foot, iyi falakto
forked nail, chufak falakto
forlorn, alhtakla

form; aiomanilifalaia, aiukli, holba
form, to; ikbi

form and come out, to; toba
form as skin, to; hakshup toba
form thin clouds, to; okhapaioli
formed, toba
former; cha^shpo, ti™kba
formerly; cha^shpo, ti™kba, tfokbaha
formidable, nukshobba hinla
fornicate, to; luma^ka
fornication; haui toba, itinlumanka
fornication, a; hatak inhaklo
fornication, to commit; luma^ka
fornicatress; hatak inhaklo, haui
forsake, to; ma, kanchi
forsaken; aksho, issa
forsaken, a place; aiissa
forsaker, issa
fort, holihta kallo
forth; kucha, pit, tikba
forthwith; chekusi, himonali, himonanli,

yakosi ititakla

fortieth; isht pokoli, pokoli
fortification, holihta kallo
fortify, to; holihta kallo ikbi
fortnight, nitak hollo tuklo
fortress; aboha kallo, holihta kallo
fortunate; imala, imola
fortune, nan inlaua
fortune-teller, nuseka
forty, pokoli
forward; alhtaha, isht afekommi, pit,

tikba, tikbali, tushpa
forward, to; pila, tunshpalechi
forward man, hatak chilita
foster, to; hofantichi, impachi, ipeta
foul; okpulo, shua
foul, to; litehachi, liteli
foul smell, to cause a; ashuwachi
foul smelling, ashua
found; ahauchi, haiaka
found, to; akmochi, hakmuchi, ia, ikbi,

ontalali, talali

found again, atuklant haiaka
foundation; aiisht awechi, intolahpi, in-

tula
foundation of a house; aboha intula,

chuka aiitola, chuka aiontala
founded; ontalaia, talaia
founded upon, abana
founder; akmochi, hakmuchi, ikbi, isht ia
foundered, iyi isht abeka
foundry, aiakmo
fount, kali
fountain; aminti, ataiyuli, ateli, bok

wishahchi, ibetap, kali
four, ushta
four, all; u^shta
four, to; ushtali
four, to make; ushta, ushtali
four times, to do it; ushtachi
fourfold, inluhmi
four-sided; palampoa
foursquare, iti tapokachi
fourteen, auah hushta
fourth; aiushta, isht aiushta
fourth time; aiushtaha, ushtaha
fourthly, aiushta
fowl, hushi
fowl, to; hush abi
fowler, hush abi
fowling piece, tanamp fabassa
fox, chula

fox, barking; famu-a
fox, mad; chula holilabi, chula tasembo
fox, male; chula nakni
fox, young; chula ushi
fox fur, chula hishi
fox hair, chula hishi
fox hunter, chulabi
fox trap, chula aiabi
fracas, itinnukoa
fraction, tushafa
fracture; koa, kobafa
fracture, to; kobaffi, kokuli, koli
fractured; koa, kobafa, kokoa
fragile, kanliksho
fragments; boshulli, kobulli, kokoa, tu-

shali, tushtua

fragments of boilers, taksho
fragments of wood, iti boshulli
fragrant, balama
fragrant, to make it; balamachi
fragrant thing, na balama
frail; kota, liposhi, tikabi
frame, haknip

456

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4(j

frame, to; fohki, ikbi

frame for head deformation, atalhpi

framed, fohlti

framed house, chuka limishki

framer, ikbi

France, Filanchi yaJcni

frank, a^li, haiaka

frank, a; holisso alhtoba iksho

frankincense, filankinsin

frankness; anumpa lumiksho, apissanli

frantic; nukoa, tasembo

fraternal, itibapishi on

fraternity, itibapishi aliha

fraternity, a; itibapishi

fraud, haksichi

fraudulent, haksi

fraught; abeha, alota

fray, itibbi

freckle; chikchiki, siksiki

freckled; chikchiki, siksiki

free; ahalaia, ilap all hikia, kucha, pilla,

yuka, yuka kcyu
free, to; issachi, kashoffi, lakoffichi, litoffi,

yuka issachi

free-born, yuka keyut atta
freed; kashofa, kucha, lakojji, litofa, yuka

issa

freedom, yuka ke.yu
freely; apakna, fehna, ilap aiahni, laua,

pilla

freeman, hatak yuka keyu
freeze, to; akalapechi, akalapi, hochukwa,

ka lam pi , ka lampichi
freight, alhtoba
French, Filanchi
French country, Filanchi yakni
French language, Filanchi anumpa
French Nation, Filanchi ok la
French people, Filanchi okla
Frenchman, Filanchi hatak
frenzy; holilqbi, nukoa, tasembo
frequently, to be; himonnan
fresh; ha pi yammi, himmita, himmona,

humma, kapassa, okchanki
freshet, okchito
fret, to; hashanyachi, nukoachi, pikofa,

pikoffl, pikolichi
fret, to make her; okpulochi
fret by rubbing, to; pikoli
f r e t f ul , Ji ash a n i/a

fretful, to make one; haaha^i/acJii
fretfulness, nnkoa
fretfulness, the cause or occasion of;

ixfit hashanya

fretted; nukoa, pikofa, pikoli

fricassee, nipi alwasha

fricassee, to; nipauashli

fried, alwasha

fried bread, pask alwasha

fried meat, nipi alwasha

friend; hatak ikhana, hatak iti^kana,

inholitopaka, itibapishi, kana
friendly; ba^shka achukma, Uhpa^sh, iti™-

kana, kana

friendship; itinhollo, kana
friends, mutual; itinhollo, itfokana
frigate, peni chito aiitibi
fright, anuklakancha
fright, a; nuklakancha, nukshopa
fright, to take; anuklakancha
frighten, to; anuklakashli, anukwiachi,

malalichi, nuklakashli, nukshobli, nuk-

shoblichi
frightened; anuklakancha, malali, ma-

lata, nuklakancha, nukshopa
f right ener, nukshobli
frigid, kapassa
frigidity, kapassa
frill, awalakachi

fringe; apohota, awalakachi, imposhota
fringe, to; imposhot infullolichi
frisk, to; tulli
frisker, tulli
fritter, pask alwasha
fritter, to; tushtuli
frizzle, to; lasimo, yushbonulichi
frizzled, yushbonoli
frock; alhkuna falaia, na foka lumbo

falaia, nam piheta
frog, shukatti

frog, a small; kalanska, kiba, shukatti
frog, horned; halanchilaniva chito
frog, species of; shilaii
frog, young; yalubba
frolic; chcpulli, hila, ilaualli, yikoa
frolic, to; chepulli, hila, ilauaUi
frolicker; hila, ilaualli
from; a, ai, aiali, hikiatia, minti, pilln
from above, akket
from the fountain, ibetap pilla
from us, pin
front, ibitakla panshi
front, to; asanni, asonali
frontal, bita
frontier, yakni all
frontlet, bita

frost; akalapi, hotonti, okli
frost, great; ok/i cJiito

HYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

457

frost, hoar; okti tohbi

frost, to cause a; hotontichi

frost, to kill by; oktabi

frost, white; okti hqta, okti tohbi

frostbitten; kalampi, oktabi

frosty; hotonti, kapqssa, okti

froth; itukpokpoki, pokpoki

froth, to; itukpokpoki, pokpoki

froth, to make; pokpokechi, wushulli

frothy, pokpoki

frower, tiak isht shima

frown, okwichinli

frown, to; okwichinli, okwichinlit pisa

frowsy; hauqshko, homechi

frozen; akalqpi, kalampi

frozen mud, okti chunli

frozen up, akalqpit taha

frugal, ilatomba

fruit; ani, isht atiaka, na way a, nan qni,

nana way a, ushi
fruit, evil; yat
fruit, to bear or yield; ani
fruit, to bring; icaya
fruit trees, qlhpoa
fruitful; aivayafehna, waya
fruitless; nan ihmahe keyu, waya
frustrate, to; kobaffi,
frustrated, kobafa
fry, to; auashli, qlwqsha
fry meat, to; nipauashli
frying pan; aiqlwqsha, apqla
fuddle, to; haksichi
fuddled, haksi
fuel; lua, luak toba
fugitive; kqnia, maleli
fulfill, to; aianlichi, aiqlhpiesa
fulfill a promise, to; anlichi
fulfilled; aianli, aiqlhpiesa, anli, qlhpesa
fulfillment; aianli, qlhpisa
full; abeha, aiqlhtaha, alolua, alota, haia-

ka, iklqnna, kaiya, laua, moma, nia,

yqmmi

full, a; moma
full, to; sukkochi

full (as the moon), to; hqshi bolukta
full banks, alotoli
full cloth, to; kashoffichi, nan tqnna

sukkuchi

full of blossoms, pakanli laua
full of swellings, pqffqla alota
full return of day, onnat taha
fulled; kashofa, nan tqnna sukko, sukko
fulled cloth, nan tqnna sukko
fuller of cloth, nan tqnna sukkuchi

fulling mill, nan tqnna akashofichi
fullness; aialota, aiqlhtaha, alolua, alota,

alotoira, apakna, qlhtaha, chilo, nan

inlaua

fullness of the blood vessels, mirhila
fulminate, to; anumpa apesa, hiloha
fulsome; shua, yuala
fume, shoboli

fume, to; shoboli, shobolichi
fumigate, to; shobolichi
fun, ilauqlli
function, isht qtta
functionary, isht qtta
fundament, obala
funds; isht chumpa, tali holisso
funeral, hatak hopi
funeral cry, yaiya
fungus; oktushshi, pakti
funnel; aiqni, ashoboli, isht bichcli, oka

abicha, oka isht bicheli
fur, hishi

fur hat, kinta hishi shqpo
furbished, shohmalali
furious; anukhobcla, kqllo, nukhobela,

nukoa, tasembo
furl, to; afolichi
furled, affoa
furnace; aiokpuloka, asonak atoba, shuti

asha atoba, tali abila
furnace, iron; tali abila
furnace of fire, tali abila
furnish, to; ahauchi, aiatali, atali, ipeta
furnished, qlhtaha
furniture; aboha nan chukushpa, chuka

na chokushpa

furrow; bachali, hina, patafa, yinyiki
furrow, to; hina ikbi, patqjfi, yakni pa-

tqffi, yinyikechi

furrow, to make a; bachali
furrow, water; oka inhina
furrowed; patafa, patali, shikofa, yinyiki
further; anonti, misha, mishapilla, mi-

shema

further, to; apela, apelachi, pila
furthermore; himmakma, yqmohmikma
fury; anukhobela, nukoa, tasembo
fuse, to; bila, bileli, itobila
fused; bila, itobila
fusee, tanampfabqssa iskitini
fusible, bila hinla
fusion, itobila
fuss, a; shakapa
future; chanshpo, liimmak, hirnmak pitta,

nitak iinkba minli

4f>S

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

future, in the; chetoma, tumqshke
futurity, nitak himmak pilla ma
fuzz; hishi lapishta, hishi wanuksho, wa
nuksho
fuzzy, wononunkqchi

gab, to; anumpuli

gabble, to; anumpuli

gad about, to; chuka abaiyat nowa

gadabout, chuka abaiyat nowa

gadder, chuka abaiyat nowa

gadfly, olana chito

gag, itakha isht alhkqma

gag, to; hoela banna, hoetqt pisa, itakha
akkqmi

gage; isht apesa, isht lanfi

gaged, alhpesa

gagged, itakha alhkqma

gain, pisa

gain, to; ahauchi, asitqbi, ishi, ona, pisa

gain the affections, to; chu^kqsh ishi

gainer; ahauchi, pisa

gainsay, to; anli

gait, nowa

galaxy, the; ofi hasimbish inhina, ofi
hqta kolofa

gale; mali, mail chito, mail kqllo

gall, the; basunlqsh, basunlqsh okchi,
chunkqsh Jiomi, nukoa

gall bladder, basunlqsh aiqtto

gall, to; iti loli, pikofa, pikoffi

galled, pikofa

gallery; aboha hoshontika, hoshontika

galley (on shipboard), aboha ahoponi

gallon; isht qlhpisa, kalqn, koat ushta, oka
isht qlhpisa, okisht qlhpisa

gallop, tabakli

gallop, to; hqtapakli, hqtapaklichi, ta
bakli, tabaklichi

gallop, to cause to; tabaklichi

gallows; anuksiteli, anuksita, hatak anuk-
sita, hatak anuksitkqchi

gamble, to; bqska

gambler; bqska, hatak bqska

gambling room, aboha abaska

gambol, to; hila

gambrel; atakali, atakoli, iyukbql

game, nam poa

game, a; isht yopula, washoha

game, a certain; achqpi

game, to; bqska, irashoha

gamester, hatak bqsk<i

gaming house, aboha abaska

gammon, shukha iyubi shila

gander, shilaklak nakni

gang, hatak kanomona

gangrene; nipi illi, nipi shua

gap; ahokofa, atiwa, atua, lilafa

gap, a mountain; kolofa

gap in a fence, holihta atiwa

gape, to; banna, hawa, itakpqshpqli, pisa

gape, to cause to; hawqchi

gaper, hawa

gaping, itakpqshpqli

garb, isht shema

garble, to; aiyoa, yuli

garbled; aiyua, yuha

garden, osapushi

gardener, osapushi apesqchi, osapushi

toksqli

garfish, nqni kqllo
gargle, to; itukwqlahqchi, itukwqlichi,

itukwololichi

garland, ialipa hqshtqp toba
garment; anchi, fohka, ilefoka, na fohka
garment, lady's; ohoyo ivnafolca
garment, large; nafoka chito
garner, kanchqk
garnish, to; aiuklichi, shemqchi
garnished; aiukli, shema
garniture; isht aiukli, isht shema
garrison; holihta kqllo, tqshka chivota

aiasha
garrison, to; tqshka chipota aiasha

ashachi
garter; isht qlhfoa, iyafoa, iyqlhfoa, iyubi

huski isht qlhfoa, iyubiha isht qlhfoa
garter, to; iyafoli
gash; abqsha, acha™ya, bqsha, chanya,

chanyqt pashanfa

gash, to; bqshli, chanli, pashqffi
gashed; bqsha, chanya, pashanfa, pashqffi
gasp, itakpashakli
gasp, to; itakpashakli, itakpashakli
gate; holihta isht alhkqma, holihta okhisa,

isht okshilita, okhisa
gather, to; qmo, itahoba, itahobi, ita-

hobli, itqnnali
gather at, to; aiitahoba
gather fish, to; pcli
gather from or of, to; aiqmo
gather fruits, to; hoyo
gather into, to; ashachi
gather up, to; apoyua, qlbqJli
gathered; aiyua, itahoba, itqnaha
gatherer; qmo, hoyo, itahobi, itahobli,

itannali

HYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

459

gathering; hatak itahoba, itahoba, itq-

naha

gathers, awaldkachi
gauge, isht alhpisa
gauge, to; apesa
gauged; alhpesa, lanfa
gaunt; yihina, yohhuna
gaunt, to make; yohhunachi
gay, yukpa
gaze, pisa
gaze, to; pisa

gaze about, to; okchilanli, okchila^shli
gaze at, to; aiokchipelih, okchilanli, ok-

chilunli
gazer, pisa
gazette, holisso
gear of a horse; isuba isht halalli, isuba

isht toksqli

gear, to; isuba isht halalli fohki
gears, nan isht halalli
geld, to; bashli, hobak ikbi
gelded; bqsha, hobak, hobak toba
gelding; hobak, isuba hobak
gelid, kapassa
general, moma chuhmi
general, a; chanql, hopaii
generality, moma chuhmi
generally, moma chuhmi
generate, to; ikbi
generated, toba
generation; aiitishali, aiunchululli, isht

atiaka, isht aiunchululli, itaiunchululi,

itashali, uncholulli, unchululi
generation, to form a; aiunchululi
generator, ikbi
generous, achukma
genius, imanukfila kallo
Gentile; Chintail, Chintail hatak, Chin-
tail okla, okla nan ikithano, oklushi aba-

numpa ikithano
gentle; imoklaya, kostini
gentle disposition, ba^shka
gentleman; hatak alhpesa, hatak holi-

tompa, hatak holitopa
gentleness, honayo
genuine; achukma, anli, apissanli
germ; aiisht ia, aminti, atoba, bikobli
germinate, to; abasali, bisali, offo
gesticulate, to; ibbak fahfulli
get, to; hikia,, ikbi, ikhqna, ishi
get all, to; bakastuli
get among, to; ibaUiLo
get away, to; ha Hi, ia

get down, to; akkoa

get here, to; ala

get it lower, to; taklechi

get on, to; oiya

get out of joint, to; kotafa, kotali

get out of the way, kanali

get over, to; abanabli, tanapolechi,

tanabli

get ready soon, to; tikbashalika
get satisfaction, to; okha
get the affections, to; chu^kash ishi
get there, to; ala
get through, to; alhtaha
get to, to; ala
get up, to; tarn, wakaya
get up, to cause to; wakayachi
get well, to; lakoffi, masali
ghastly, pisa okpulo
ghost; shilombish, shilup
Ghost, the Holy; Shilombish holitopa
giant, hatak chito
gibbet; anuksita, anuksiteli
gibe, to; isht yopula
giddiness, chukfoloha
giddy; chukfoloha, hannanuki, tasembo
gift; afammikma ilhpeta, aiokpachi, aba

isht aiokpachi, habena, habenachi, hal-

bina, ilhpita, ima, isht aiokpachi, na

halbina, nan isht aiokpachi
gifted, imponna
gig, iti chanalli iskitini palhki
gigantic, chito
giggle, to; yukpa
giggler, yukpa shall
gild, to; tali lakna isht alhkohachi
gilded, tali lakna isht alhkoha
gilding, isht alhkoha
gills; chaka, itakha, nani itakha
gills of a fowl; impakti, impasha, inchaka
gimlet; ishtfotoha iskitini, ishtfotohushi,

iti ishtfotohushi
gin, oka homi

gin, a; ahokli, ponola anihelichi
gin, to; hokli, niheli
gin cotton, to; ponola nihechi
ginned; niha, nihi
gird, to; atali, gskufachechi, asJcufachi,

fohkachechi, katali
girded; askufa, askufachi, fohka, katnnli,

yunushki
girding, katanli
girdle, isht askufachi
girdle, to; fohkachechi, yunni, yunush-

kichi

460

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

girdle a tree, to; iti chant, qbi, yikoli

girdled; yikoha, yunna

girl; alia tek, ohoyo himmita

girl, a young; ohoyo himmitasi

girth; ikfuka isht talakchi, ikfukasita

give!, echi

give, to; atobbi, qma, boli, ema, habenq-

chi, ibbak fohki, ilhpitachi, ima, imissa,

ipeta, ipetqchi, issa, Iqcha
give alms, to; hopela
give away, to; shuchapap
give back, to; falqmmichi
give charge over, to; miha
give ear!, omishke
give ear, to; haponaklo
give himself, to; Jcanchi
give himself up, to; ilapissa
give knowledge, to; anukfohkichi
give up, to; ilissa
give up to death, to; illiissa
given; ibbakfohka, ilhpita
given to, shall
giver; ilhpitachi, ima, ipeta
giving, ibbak fohki
gizzard, chaki/a
glad; aiyukpa, yukpa
glad, to; yukpa 1 1
gladden, to; awkpqchechi, aiyukpali,

yukpa, yukpalechi, yukpali
glade, tohwali
gladly, yukpa
gladness, yukpa
glair, akank ushi wqlakqchi
glance, to; anahtibafa, anaktibaloa, anak-

tibqffi, anaktiboa
glance, to make or cause to; anakti-

baloli, anaktibq(/i, anaktibqlli, anakti-

ballichi
glance off, to; chasaUi, chasqllichi, ti-

balli

glanced; anaktibafa, anaktibaloa, anak
tiboa

glare, shohmalali
glare, to; shohnialali
glass, api.m

Glauber salts, ikhi»ah hqpi holba
gleam, to; fohirikcli
glean, to; qlbqlli
gleaned, qlbqla
gleaner, qlbqlli
gleaning, qlbqlli
glee, yukpa
gleet, Itqld
glen, ok fa

glib; halqsbi, halushki

glib, to; halqsbichi, halushkichi

glide, to; yanalli

glimmer, tohkasakli

glimmer, to; shohmalali, tohmasali,

tohwikeli

glimmering, shumpalali
glimmering, a; tohkasakli, tohwikeli
glimpse, tohwekikli
glisten, to; chqlhchakqchi, mqlkqchi,

shohmalali
glistening; malatha, malkachi, shohma-

Iqshli

glitter, to; shohmalali
glittering, shohmalali
globe, lumbo

globe, the; yakni, yakni lumbo
globe, wooden; iti lumbo
globular; lobuhbo, lumbo
gloom; imanukjila ilbqsha, nukhanklo,

oklili

gloomy, oklili

gloomy thoughts, imanukjila ilbqsha
glorified, holitopa
glorify, to; aiokpqchi, holi/oblichi, holi-

toblit aiokpqchi, holitopqchi .

glorious, holitopa
glory; aholitopaka, aholitopanka, aialika,

aba yakni aholitopa, holitopa, holitopqt

annoa, nan isht aholitopa, shohmalali
glory, the; isht aholitopa
glory, to; yukpa
gloss, to; tosholi
glossy; malancha, malanta
glossy, made; malantkqchi
glossy, to make; malantqchi
glove; ibbak abcha, ibbakfoka
glow, to; humma, Iqshpa, malantqchi,

nuklibisha
glowworm, halba
glue, kauehto

glue, to; aiqlbuchi, qlbochi
glued; aiqlbo, qlbo
glut; isht pqla, iti isht pqla, nanqbli
glut, to; nanqbli, yuala
glutinous, holishki
glutton; hatak isikopa, isikopa
glutton, a great; isikopa sJiali
gluttonize, to; isikopa
gluttonous; atibqUi, holUlqbi, isikojta
gluttonous to excess, isikopa shall
gnarled, n uksh iah
gnash, to; qpa, kiseJi, kiselichi
gnash the teeth, to; noti iiikisclichi

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

461

gnat, yikoffa

gnaw, to; kill, kiselichi, Msli

gnawed, kila

gnawer, kili

go, to; aia, atanya, anya, hqshi kqnia,

hikia, ia, ilhkoli, illi, kanali, manya,

nowa, ona, yanqlli
go, to cause to; tilclichi
go across, to; lopulli
go after water, to; ochi
go against, to; sanali
go ahead; hotepa, mia, tepa
go along, to; aiya
go along fast, to; pqlhkit anya
go along with, to; tankla anya
go and give, to; out
go and make the fire blaze, tobachi
go and see, to; out
go and take, to; ont
go around, to cause to; afoblichi
go astray, to; tamoa
go at random, to; himak fokalit anya,

yqmmak fokalechi
go away, to; itokqnia, kanali, kqnia,

kucha

go back, to; falamqt ia
go backward, to; tikbali
go beneath, to; nutaka ia
go by, to; ia, ont
go down, to; akka ia, akkaona, akkoa,

habofa, haboli, okatula, okkattaha, shippa
go down, to cause to; shippqli
go far off, to cause to; hopakichechi
go first, hotepa
go forth, to; kucha
go forward, to; maiya
go forward, to cause to; tikbiachi
go from, to; akanqlli, qttqt ia, itot ia
go in, to; chukoa

go in, to cause to; afohkqchi, fokichi
go in at, to; afohka
go in haste, to; heli
go in quest of a favor, to; habenqt anya
go in there, to; afohka
go into, to; fohka
go into, to cause to; afohkechi
go off!, kanima
go off, to; tukafa, tokali
go on!, hotepa
go on board, to; penifoka
go on foot, to; akkaya
go openly, to; kucha
go out, to; kucha, kuchat ia, kuchqt, liiak

mosholi, mosholi

go out, to cause to; kuchichi

go over, to; auanapoli, abdrtqbli, aba/to-

poli, lopulli, tanqbli, -n-alabJi.
go over, to cause to; (luanaj)olichi,

qbanqblichi, paknqchi, tanapolechi
go past, to; ont
go round, to; afobli, fullokqchi
go round at, to; afolota
go slow, to cause to; sqlahqchi
go there together, to; itonachi
go through, to; lipulli, lopotoli, lopulli,

yululli
go through, to cause to; lopolichi,

yulullichi

go to, to; aiona, ona, ont
go to, to cause to; onacM
go to a frolic, to; yikoa
go to all, to; mominchi
go to heaven, to; aba ia
go under, to cause to; nutakachi
go under water, to; oklobushli, oklo-

bushlichi

go up, to; atia, aba ia, oiya
go with, to; aiena, ibaianya, itatuklo,

ta^kla ia

goat, isi kosoma
goat, he; isi kosoma nakni
goat, she; is-i kosoma tek
gobble, to; nanqbli, ola
gobbler, fakit homgtti
God; Aba i^ki, Aba pfoki, Chitokaka,

Hqshtali, Inki aba, Pinki aba, pinki ishfo
God Jehovah, Inki Chihoica
godly; aba anumpuli dianli, Aba inki

imantia
goer, ia

goggle-eyed, nishkin itasunali
going; aia, anya, ia
gold, tali holisso lakna
golden, tali holisso lakna
goldsmith, tali holisso lakna pilesa
gone; qlhkqniq, iksho, kqnia, kqniachi,

taha

gone astray, tamoa
gone by; chamo, chikki
gone down, habofa
gone off, itamoa
gone out, mosholi

gone over or by, auanapa, auanapon
gone through, lukafa
good; achukma, aiachunkma, aiyoba, a"li,

apoksia, chukma, hochukma, holitopa,

hopoksia, nitanki
good, made; achukma

462

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

good, the; achukma

good, to do; achukma, hochukma

good, to make; achchukmali, achukma-

lechi, aiyobachi, hopoksiachi
good deal, a; laua chuhmi
good fortune; imilbik, imola
good humor, yukpa
good-humored, yukpa
good-looking, ilafaya
good luck, imola
good nature, yukpa
good nature, a; ba^shka
good-natured; banshka, hopola, yukpa
good-natured, to become; hopola
good place; aiachukma, aiyobanka
good place, the; aiachukmaka
good to, to do; aiyobachi
goodness; achukma, achukma^ka, aia-

ch ukmaka , hochukma
goods; alhpoyak, ilanyak, imilayak, nan

alhpoyak, nana imilanyak
goose; hankha, shanha, shilaklak, shilak-

lak tek

goose egg, shilaklak ushi
gopher; luksi konih, yakni bukli, yumbak

chito

gore, issish
gore, a; kafanli
gore, to; bahajfi, bali
gore, to make; balichi
gored; baha, bahafa
gorer, bahaffi

gorge, the; innalapi, nalapi
gorge, to; nanabli
gorget, inuchi chinakbi
gorget, shell; shanha
gormandize, to; asilballi
gormandizer, asilballi
gosling, shilaklak ushi
gospel, the; aba anumpa
gospel path, the; hina hanta
gospel, to; aba anumpa ithananchi
gospel, to desire the; aba anumpa ahni
gossip, to; anumpa chukushpashali
gossiper; anumpa chukushpali, anumpa

chukushpashali
gouge, id isht kula kofusa
gouge, to;fulli, kulli, nishkin kuchi
gouge out, to cause to; fullichi
gouged, 71 ishkin kucha
gourd; isht kafa, shukshi okpulo, shuk-

$Ji it bok
gourd, water; lokush

govern, to; a^/a, ilaueli, ilauet a™ya,

pelichi

govern there, to; apelichi
government; aiulhd, anumpa alhpisa,

apelichika, ulhti
governor; mi^ko, na pelichi, nam pelichi,

pelicheka, pelichi

gown; alhkuna, nam poheta, pohota
gown, lady's; nam piheta
gown, long; alhkuna falaia
grab, to; ishi, yichiffit ishi
grace; achukma, aiahninchi, aiukli, chun-

kash achukma, kana
grace, to; holitoblichi, shemachi
graced; holitopa, shema
graceful, amdkali
graceful, to render; amakalichi
gracious, achukma
gradually; kanqllit anya, salahat
grain, nan apawaya
grain, a; chunkgsh, nihi
grain, English; onush
grain, small; onush
grains, lakchi

granary; kanchak, onush aiasha
grand; chaha, chito
grandchild, ippok
granddam; appokni, ippokni
granddaughter, ippok tek
grandees, hatak pelichika
grandeur; chaha, chito, holitopa
grandfather; amafo, imafo
grandmother; apokni, appokni, ipokni,

ippokni

grandsire, imafo
grandson, ippok 7iakni
grant, to; ibbak fohki, ima, kanchi, ome

ahni

grape; panki, pankachunsi
grape juice, panki okchi
grape water, oka panki
grapevine, pa^kapi
grapple, to; halalli, yichijfi, yichijfichi
grappled, yichoica
grasp, ishi

grasp, to; ishi, yichij/i, yichijfichi
grasp er , ?/ ich (ffi
grass, hashuk
grass, great; hashuk chito
grass, stout; hashuk chito
grass, thick and heavy; hashuk chito
grass, tough; nita inpisa
grass, wild; nakshilup, hashuk bansi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

463

grasshopper; chashqp, chishaiyi, habi™-
shak, hatqffo, hauachikchik, hqshuk
chanshlichi, hionshakeli, iachikchik

grassy, hqshuk f oka

grate, to; kanshkqchi, shakinlichi

grate the teeth, to; noti itikiselichi

grateful, aiokpanchi

gratification, fihopa

gratified; fihopa, yukpa

gratify, to; fihobli, yukpa, yukpalechi,
yukpali

grating, kanshkachi

grating of the teeth, shakahqchi

gratitude; aiokpanchi, aiokpachi

gratuitous, aiilli iksho

gratuity, halbina

gratulate, to; aiokpachi

grave, nuktanla

grave (in music); aka^lusi, chito

grave, a; ahollohpi, hollohpi

grave, to; kullit holissochi

graved; bqshqt holisso, kulat holisso

gravedigger; ahollopi kqlli, hohpi

gravel; talunshik, talushik

gravel, to; talushik patali

graveled, talushik patqlhpo

grave-minded, chunkash weki

graver, kullit holissochi

gravestone, ahollopi tali hikia

graveyard; ahollohpi, hatak aholopi

gravid, chakali

gravity; chunkqsh weki, weki

gravy; bila, na bila

gray, okchamali

graybeard, hatak sipokni

gray-eyed, oktalonli

grayheaded, pa^sh tohbi

graze, to; halelili, hqshuk impqchi, hqshuk
ipeta, hopohka, hopohkqchi

graze, to cause to; qmishoffi

grazier; wak apistikeli, ivak pelichi

grease; bila, liteha, litikfo, na bila

grease, to; ahqmmi, fohki, litehqchi,
litikfochi

greased; ahama, liteha, litikfo

greasy; bila, liteha, litikfo

great; aiyaka, anli, chakali, chito, hocheto,
ishto

great coat, ilefoka chito
Great Father, our; Pinki ishtoka
great-grandfather, imafo
great-grandmother; apokni, ipokni
great man; hatak chito, hatak chitokaka,
hatak hochitoka

great one; chitokaka, ishtokaka

Great Spirit, Ifqshtali

greater, inshali

greatest; inshaht tali, moma inshali

greatest, made; inshaht taha

greatly; chito t, tokba

greatness; chito, hocheto

greedy; amosholi, anuktqpa, anuktqp-
tua, atibqlli, bqnnafehna, holillqbi

green; himmitasi, kilinkoba, okchamali

green (as newly cut wood), okchanki

green, to turn; okchamali

green dyestuff, nan isht okchamalichi

greenish; okchakqlbi, okchakkuchi

greenness, okchamali

greet, to; aiokpachi

greet, to cause to; aiokpqchechi

greeter, aiokpachi

greeting, aiokpanchi

greyhound, ofi pqlhki

griddle; ampmahaia, ampmahaia apalqska

gridiron, nipaiqlhpusha

grief; nan isht anukhanklo, nukhanklo

grieve, to; qlhpesqchi, nukhanklochi

grieved, nukhanklo

grievous; chito, elli, ilbqsha, illechi, nuk
hanklo, palqmmi

grievously, fehna

grim, pisa okpulo

grimace, nashuka okpulo

grin, to; itakyuinli

grind, to; fotoha, fotoli, hopansa, il-
bqshali, sholichi

grind at, to; afotoli

grind fine, to; pushechi

grind the teeth, to; noti itikiselichi

grind there, to; afotoli

grind er ; fo t o li , na fo to li

grinder (tooth); noti, noti chukbi, noti
isht impa, noti pokta

grinding, fotoha

grindstone; ashuahchi, chashampik, tqla-
shuahchi, tali ashuahchi

grip, to; apakshqna, yichiffi, yichiffit ishi

gripe, halqlli

gripe, to; ikfuka hotupali, ilbqshali

gripped, yichefa

grit nuts, to; washlichi

grits, corn; tansh lakchi

gritted, chichonli

groan; hinha, kifaha

groan, to; hinha, kifaha, kifanli

groat, pikayu
grocery, oka aiishko

464

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

grog, oka homi oka ibqlhto

groggy, haksi

groom; hatak himona ohoyo itauaya, tishu

groove, kula

groove, to; kulli

grooved, kula

grope, to; potoli

gross; achukma, chito, nia, okpulo, sukko

gross, a; auah tuklo bat auah tuklo

grossness; nia, sukko

grot, tali chiluk chito

grotto, tali chiluk chito

ground; aiisht ia qmmona, akka, lukji,

yakni
ground (sharpened); fotoha, shoha, shu-

ahchi

ground, dry; yakni shila
ground, to; akkaboli, akkatqla, hilechi
ground, under the; yakni anunkaka
ground at, n fotoha
ground fine, pushi
ground floor, akka itipatqlhpo
ground peas; yakni anunka ivaya, yakni

bala

ground thrown up, u-okokoa
ground turned up, icokokoa
groundless; a^li, isht amiha iksho
groundnuts; yakni anunka waya, yakni

bala

grounds, lakchi
group, lukoli
group, to; lukolichi
grouped, lukoli
grove; iti lukoli, talaia
grovel, to; balali, makali
groveler; balali, hatak makali
grow, to; achoshunni, alikti, bafaha, ba-

fqlli, hishi toba, hofalli, ia, ikbi, inshaht

ia, kunti, o/o, okpicheli, okpiehelichi,

u'aloa, iraya, vayqchi, wqhcqki
grow, to cause to; aliktichi, offochi
grow at the side, to; apatali
grow easy, to; shuchapah
grow long, to; falaiat ia
grow mean, to; makali
grow together, to; pnkta
grow up, to; (isano. hofanti
grow up again, to; unchololi
growing, the; o//'o

growing up now, to be; himona hofanti
growl, kilcha
growl, to; kilehu, tinkliha
growler, kilcha
grown; asano, hofanti, hofalli

grown person, asano

grown together; apokta, pokta

grown up; alikli, hofantit taha

growth; chaha, chito

growth, a; hofanti, hofalli, o/o

growth, the; alikti

growth, the second; uncholulli

grub, itakshish

grub, to; itakshish kulli, kulli

grub ax, itakshish isht chanya

grubbed, kula

grubber, itakshish kulli

grubbing hoe, itakshish isht cha™ya

grubworm, yqla

grudge, nukoa

grudge, to; haklo

grudging, potqnno

gruel, water; ashclokchi

grumble, to; nukoqt anumpuli

grumbler, nukoqt anumpuli

grunt, to; k if aha, kifanli, lu"ka, lu^klua

grunter; lu^ka, lu™klua

grunting; lu™ka, lu^klua

guard; apistikeli, atoni, nam potoni, nan
aiapistikeli, nan apistikeli, potoni

guard, to; ahinna, apistikeli, atoni, potoni

guard a prison, to; aboha kqllo apisti
keli

guard on a gun, tanamp hoshintika

guarded, imalqma

guarder, apistikeli

guardian, apistikeli

guess, imahoba

guess, to; himakfokalit miha, imahoba

guest, nowqt anya

guide; ilaueli, na pelichi, pelichi, tikba
heka

guide, to; afanali, ashummi, fololichi,
ilaueli, pelichi, tikba heka

guider; ilaueli, tikba heka

guile; apakama, haksi

guileful, haksi

guileless, haksi keyu

guilt; aiokpulo, yoshoba

guiltless; ashqchi keyu, haksi keyu

guilty; haksi, yoshoba

guilty man, hatak hofahya

guinea fowl, sakkin

guinea hen; aka^k kofi, kofi chito

guise, isht shema

gulf; kolokbi, kolokobi, okhqta, yakni
kolukbi

gull, haksi

gull, to; haksichi, yimmichi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CTTOCTAW LANGUAGE

465

gulled; haksi, yimmi

gullet, innalapi

gully, kolokbi

gulp, to; bqlakachi, hoeta, kqlakachi, nqlli

gum; hika nia, iti litilli, litilli, na litilli

gum, to; ahammi

gum of the teeth.; noti itabalakchi, noli
itqlbakchi, noti nukbalankchi, nutakba-
lankchi

gum tree, hika

gun, tanampo

gun, air; uski lumpa

gun, big; tanamp chito

gun, to charge or load a; tanamp abcli

gun barrel, tanamp nihi

gun barrel, large; tanamp nihi chito

gun wiper; tanamp isht kashokqchi, ta
namp isht kasholichi

gunlock, tanamp lapali

gunner, na hunssa

gunpowder, hituk

guns, big; tanamp hochito

gunshot; ahunsa achqfa, tanamp chito
aiisht hunsa achqfa

gunsmith, tanamp ikbi

gunstick; tanamp isht kashokqchi, tanamp
isht kasholichi

gunstock, tanamp aiulhpi

gurgle, to; tobokqchi

gush, to; mitafa, mitqj/i

gust, mali

guts, iskuna

gutted, iskuna kucha

guzzle, to; nalli

habih'ment; isht shema, nafohka

habit, aiimqlhpcsa

habit, a; aiimomaka, aiimomqchi, aiyq-

mohmi, nafohka
habit, to; nafokafoka, shema
habitable, aiokla hinla
habitant, aiokla achqfa
habitation; aboha, aiasha, aiqfta, chuka
habited, nafokafoka
habited with, shema
habitual; aiimomaka, aiimomqchi, shali
habitually, shali

habituate, to; achayqchi, aiimomqchi
habituated, aiimomachi
hack; chqnaha holitopa, iti chqnaha holi-

topa, iti chqnaha pqlhki, la k of a
hack, to; chant tushtuli, iti chant tusha-

lichi, sakahanli

hackney, isuba toksali

had; atok, atuk, hatuk, tali, tok, luk,

tukatok

had been; atuk, hatuk
haft; ahokli, aieshi, aiishi, aiulhpi, qpi,

ulhpi

haft, to; hopi, opi
hafted; holopi, ollupi, ulhpi ansha
hag, ohoyo isht ahollo
haggle, to; tushalichi
hail, hatanfo

hail, to; hatanfo, hatafottula, inhoa
hail, to cause to; hata^fochi
hailstone, hatanfo
hair; hishi, hishi lapishta, panshi
hair, curled; pa^sh yi^yiki
hair, gray; pansh tohbi, yushbokoli
hair, having white; yushbokoli
hair, short; wanuksho
hair, short fine; hishi wanuksho
hair, sorrel; pansh umbqla
hair, thick; pa^shi chito
hair, white; pansh tohbi, yushbokoli
hair of a hog, ivonuksho
hair of the head, panshi
hair of the tail, hasimbish hishi
hair ribbon, panshi sita
hair tied up, panshi sita
hairbrush; pansh isht kasholichi, pansh

isht kashokqchi
haircloth, panshi tqnna
haired; hish ansha, panshansha
hairless;/o?/iosa, panshiksho
hairless being, hachunchuba
hairy; hish ansha, hishi chito, panshansha,

panshi chito, wanuksho, wonuksho, wo-

nonunkqchi

halcyon; yohbi, yukpa
hale; hatak nipi achukma, nipi achukma
hale, to; halqlli
half; aiiklqnna, aiiklqnnanka, bakapa,

bakastoa, iklqnna, kashapa, koyofa,

palata

half a bit, pikayu
half a day, nitak iklqnna
half dead; ilia husi, iUinaha
half dime, pikayu

half-blood; issish iklqnna, itibapishi toba
halfway; aiiklqna, iklqnna
halfway up, abcma
hall; aboha chito, aboha itintakla, aboha

ititakla, aiapesa
halloo, ale

8433!)°— Bull. 4G — 15-

-30

466

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

halloo, to; apahyqchi, apanlichi, atohni-

chi, inhoa, panya, shakapa, tahpqla,

tasaha

hallooing, shakapa
hallow, to; holitoblichi
hallowed, holitopa
halo; akonoli, hqshi akonoli
halt; hanali, imomokpulo
halt, to; ma, yokopa
halter, ibichilufoka
halter, long; isuba imponolo
halter, to; ibichilu foka foka
halve, to; bakastuli, bakqbli, kashqbli,

koyoffi, palqlli

halved; bakapa, kashapa, koyofa, palata
ham; iyubi, obi

hame; ikonla inuchi, iti isht halqlli
hamlet, tamahuslii
hammer; chufak isht ahonqla, isht boa,

tali isht boa

hammer, claw; tali chishaiyi
hammer, iron; tali isht boa
hammer, to; anukfilli, boli, kqbaha,

toksqli

hammer, wooden; iti isht boa
hammered, boa
hammerer; boli, kqbaha
hamper; isht talakchi, kishi
hamper, to; anuktuklichi
hamstring, iyin kala^kshish
hand, ibbak
hand !, echi

hand, to; halqlli, ima, wall
hand bone, ibbak foni
hand iron, tqshiha
handcuff, ibbak isht talakchi
handcuffed, ibbak talakchi
handful; ibabukbo, ibbak alota, ibbak

qlhto
handful, double; ibbabukbo, ibbabukbo

achafa, ibbapukko
handiness, imponna
handkerchief; iachuka, nantapqski
handle; ahalqlli, ahokli, aiqlhpi, aieshi,

uiishi, aiulhpi, qpi, ulhpi
handle, to; anumpuli, pasholi, potoli,

pulli

handled, ollupi
handmaid, ohoyo
hand-organ, ulcpunhi
handsome; achukma, aiukli, cJnto, ila-

Jai/a, ilajia, i)isa aiukli
handspike; isht afana, isht tonolichi, iti
isht tonolichi

handwriting; holisso, holissochi

handy; qlhtaha hinla, imponna

hang, to; atakali hilechi, atakalichi, nuk-

sita, nuksiteli, nuksitijfi, nuksitoha,

nuksitoli, nukshinfi, nukshinifa, taka-

lechi, takali, takant fahakqchi, takoli,

takolichi, tikelichi
hang, to ca,use to; takalechi
hang a man, to; hatak anuksiteli
hang by or to, to; atakali
hang by the neck, to; anuksiteli, nuk-

shiniffi,

hang in the throat, to; anukbikcli
hang on, to; atakoli, atakolichi, halqlli
hang over, to cause to; chashqnqchi
hang over and down, to; chashana
hang to, to; achunsha, anuksita, anuksit-

kqchi, asitia, atakoli
hang up, to; aba takali, aba takalichi
hanged, nuksita
hanger; atakali, nuksiteli
hanging, takali
hanging in, achunsha
hanging over and down, chashana
hanging to, anuksitkqchi
hangman; hatak anuksiteli, hatak nuksi
teli, nuksiteli
haniger, nqni kqllo
hank of cotton, ponola itapqna
hank of thread, ponola fabqssa achafa
hank of yarn, chukfi hishi itapana achafa
hanker, to; bqnnafehna
hapless, iinaleka shall
happen, to; ishkanqpa
happiness; isht ilaiyukpa, nana yukpa
happiness, place of; aiyukpa
happy; imanukjila ikkqllo, imponna,

itinkana, yukpa
happy, to make; yukpali
happy place, aiyukpa
harangue, anumpa isht hika
harangue, to; anumpa isht hika, auuni-

puli
haranguer; anump isht ika, anumpa isht

hika

harass, to; intakobichi, tikabichi
harassed; intakobi, tikabi
harbinger, tikbanya
harbor; afoha, anusi, peni ataiya, pcni

chitataya
harbor, to; anta, atukko, foha, fohachi,

ishi
hard; achiba, chilakbi, chitoli, chitolit,

hauqshko, homi, itatoba kqllo, kachombi,

BVIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

467

kamassa, kapqssa fehna, kallo, limimpa,

palammi, salbo
hard bread, pqska kallo
hard-fisted man, hatak nan inholitopa
hard-hearted; chu^kash kallo, imanuk-

jlla kallo, nukhanklo iksho
hard-hearted man, hatak chunkqsh kallo
hard potato, ahe kamassa
harden, to; akamassa, akqllo, akmo,

akmochi, chilakbichi, hakmo, hakmuchi,

kamassalli, kallo, kallochi, sqlbochi
harden by pounding, to; alallichi
hardened; akmo, hakmo, kamassa, kallo,

salbo

hardener; kamassalli, kallochi
hardihood; chunkqsh nakni, nukwia iksho
hardiness; nukwia iksho, palammi
hardly; chohmi, naha
hardness; kamassa, kallo, limimpa
hardness of heart, chunkash kallo
hardship, palammi

hardy; kallo, kilimpi, 7iipi achukma, nuk
wia iksho

hare, chukji pqttakita
hare, male; chukfi pqttakata nakni
hark! ah, mah!
hark, to; haponaklo
harlot; haui, ohoyo haui
harlot, to act the; haui, haui tobqt nowa
harlot, to become a; haui toba
harm; ashqchi, nan imokpulo, okpulo,

yoshoba

harm, to; hotupali, okpqni
harmed; hotupa, okpulo
harmful, nan okpqna hinla
harmless; nan okpqnahe keyu, nuktqla
harmonious; itinkana, itilaui achafa, iti-

lauifulota
harmonize, to; holba, itilauichi, kana,

ola itilaui, taloa ikbi, taloa itilaui
harmony; holba, itilaui, itilaui achafa,

kana, ola itilaui
harness; isuba isht pilesa, isuba isht tok-

sqli, isht halalli, nan isht halalli
harness, wagon; iti chqnaha isht halalli
harp; alepa, hap
harp, to; alepa olachi
harper, alepolachi
harrow; ta^sh api isht pcli, yakni patafa

isht lapushkichi

harrow land, to; yakni lapushkichi
harsh; haksuba, homechi, kallo, okpulo,

takba

harshness; imanukjila kallo, kallo
hart, isi chito nakni

hart leaf (the name of a plant ),fakit

salakoba
harvest; abasha, ahoyo, hoyo, na hoyo,

nan ahoyo, nan apawaya ahoyo
harvest, to; hoyo, kanchakfohki, na waya

hoyo, na waya kanchqkfoki
harvest corn, to; tanchi hoyo
harvest ground, hoyo
harvested; kanchakfoka, tanchi hoyo
harvester; na waya hoyo, onush bashli
harvestman; na waya hoyo, onush bashli
has; atok, atuk, hatuk, tuk
has been; atuk, hatuk, tok, tuk
hasp; afacha, aialhpi, atapachi, isht afacha,

isht atapachi, tali isht afacha, tali isht qt-

tapqchi

hasp, to; afachali, atapachi, attapqchi
haste, tushpa
haste, to; tunshpa, tunshpalechi, lunsh-

pali

haste, to act in; tunshpa
haste, to be in; anukwanya
haste, to go in; tu^shpa
hasted, tunshpa
hasten, to; anukwanyqcM, ashalinkqchi,

atu^shpa, atushpqchi, pqlhkichechi, pqlh-

kichi, tu^shpalechi, tu^shpali, tu^shpqchi
hastened; atunshpa, pqlhki, tu^shpa
hastily, ashalinka
hastiness, tushpa
hasty; anukwanya, pqlhki, tushpa
hasty pudding, ashela
hat, a; shqpo
hat, to put on or wear a; shqpoli,

shqpolichi

hat brim, shqpo impahaia
hat crown; shqpo intqlla, shqpo nushkobo,

shqpo paknaka

hat lining, shqpo anunkaka alata
hatband, shqpo isht talakchi
hatch, hofqlli

hatch, to; ahofqllechi, hofqlli, hofqllichi
hatched; ahofalli, hofqlli
hatchet, iskifushi
hate, to; ahni, anukkilli, isht ikinahno,

isht ikinyukpo, nukkilli
hate, to cause to; isht ikinah?iochechi,

isht ikinahnochi, nukkillichcchi , nukkil-

lichi

hateful, yuala

hater; isht ikinahno, isht ikinyukpo, nuk
killi

hatred; anukkilli, nukkilli
hatter, shqpo ikbi
haughtiness, ilapunla

468

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

haughty; ilapakpuna, ilapakpunla, ila-

puna, ilapunla, ilefehnachi
haul, halqlli

haul, to; halqlli, shalqllichi, shall
hauled, shanya
hauler; halqlli, shall
haunt, to; aiona, shilup aiasha
haunted, shilup aiasha
hauteur, ilefehnachi
have; hatuk, tok
have, to; ahauchi, ahoba, ahumba, ansha,

halalli, hikia, hokli, ima^sha, intola,

ishi, inshi, itola, nukfoka, pisa, tonho
have been, tuk
haven; atukko, peni chitataya
havoc, okpulo
havoc, to; okpqni
haw, chqnafda
haw, black; shanafila
hawk; aiyichijichi, biakak, biya^kak, hqnqn
hawk, blue; tunslubi
hawk, fish; tunstubi
hawk, fork- tailed; panshfalakto
hawk, hen; aiyichijichi, akaflk obi, hatak-

lipush
hawk, large red-tailed; hasimbish

hwnma

hawk, night; luksupafoli
hawk, pigeon; aiyichijichi
hawk, prairie; hatapofokchi, hqtapofuk-

chi, lapafakchi

hawk, sparrow; shikkiliklik
hawk, swallow-tailed; panshfalakto
hawk, to; kila
hawthorn, black; shanafila
hay; hqshuk bqsha shila, hqshuk shila
hay, to; had ink shileli
haycock, hqshuk itqnaha
haymaker, hqshuk shileli
hazard, okpulo
hazard, to go or act at; himak fokali,

yqrmnak fokalechi

hazard, to run a; himak fokalechi
hazard, with; himak fokalit
hazardous; himak fokalechi, yqmmak

fokali

haze, oktohbi

hazy; okhapayqbi, oktohbichi
he; ahik, at, qlo, flap, ilapq/, -i la posh,

ilqppa, 'in, uuh, yqmma, yqmmak ashosh,

i/qiiunak (idiot

he that; kqmtho, kqnaltosh
he whom, ok ma

head; anumpa nushkobo, ibetqp, nashuka,
nushkobo, nushkoboka, panshi, pelicheka,
tikba

head, to; katapoli, nushkobo ikbi, nush
kobo tqbli, pelichi

head (as grain), to; okshonli

head, to cause to; katqblichi

headband; bita, isuba imbita, nushkobo
isht talakchi

head first; hachowanqshi, himak fokalit

head man, pelicheka

head of, noshkoboka

head of a cask, ibish isht qlhkqma

head of a creek or stream; ateli, bok
wishahchi, ibetqp inbok

headache, nushkobo hotupa

headdress; iachuka, nushkobo isht shema

headdress, king's; mi^ko imiachuka

headed; katapa, okshonli

headed, flat; yushlatali

headed, gray; yushbokoli

headed, round; yushlitalih

header, nushkobo ikbi

headlong; hachowanqshi, himak fokalit

headman; hatak pelichi, hatak pelichika

headmost, tikbanya

headpiece; shqpo kqllo, tali bita

headquarters, anumpa aiqlhpisa

headstall; kapali isht talakchi nushkobo
foka, nushkobo f oka

headstrong; chunkqsh kqllo, halata kqllo,
ilafoa

heady; ahah ahni iksho, ilapunla

heal, to; alakofi, alakofichi, qtta, qttqchi,
hopolqlli, lakoffi, lakoffichi, lakofolichi,
masalichi

heal the heart, to; nuktalachi

healable; qtta hinla, lakoffa hinla

healed; aianli, alakoji, qtta, hopola,
lakoffi, lakofoqt taha, lakofoht taha,
masali

healer; qttqchi, lakoffichi, na lakofichi

health, haknip achukma

healthful; achukma, haknip achukma

healthy; achukma, chukma, haknip achuk
ma, hatak nipi achukma, nipi achukma

healthy man, hatak nipi achukma

heap, to; apnUichi, qlhpoachi, itqnuhachi,
itqnnali, itqnnalichi

heaped, itqnaha

heaper, itqnnali

hear, to; haklo, haponaklo, ikhqna, nuk-
foka

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXCJUACJE

409

hear, to cause to; haklochi, haponak-
lochi

hear all, to; oklunhqlinchi

heard, haponaklo

heard, just; wakkalih

hearer; haklo, haponaklo, na haklo

hearing; ahaklo, haklo, haponaklo

hearing, mutual; itihaklo

hearken, to; haklo, haponaklo

hearkener, haponaklo

hearsay, anumpa chukushpa

hearse, hatak illi ashali

heart; chunkqsh, iklqnna, imanukfila,
iskuna

heart, bad; chunkqsh okpulo

heart of a tree, the; iti iskuna

heart rising, nuklibekqchi

heartache, ilbasha

heartbreak, nukha^klo atopa

heartburn; akeluachi, chunkqsh lua, nuk
libekqchi

heartburn, to cause the; akeluachechi

hearten, to; yimintqchi

hearth; iksita, luak aiulhti, luak ashoboli,
luak iksita, luak ituksita

heartily; aiokluha, anli,fehna

hearty; chunkqsh yiminta, kamqssa, kqllo,
nipi achukma

heat; alohbi, lashpa, maleli achqfa, nukoa

heat, mild; lashpa qmmona

heat, prickly; tombushi

heat, to; alohbichi, lahbqchi, Iqshpqchi,
lashpali, libishli, yqnhqchi

heated; alohbi, lahba, lashpa, libisha,
nuklibisha, nuklibishakachi, pikofa

heater; ilefoka halushkichi, lashpali,
libishli

heathen; aba anumpa ikithano, hatak nan
ikithano, okla nan ikithano, oklushi nan
ikithano

heathen nation, oklushi abanumpa ik
ithano

heathenism, aba anumpa ikithano

heave, banatha

heave, to; aba pila, aba takalichi, bana
tha, chitotfiopa, hoetat pisa, kallotjiopa,
pila

heaven; aba, aba aiachukmaka, aba shu-
tik, aba yakni, shutik, shutik tabokaka

heaven, in; aba pilla

heaven, to; aba pilla

heaven above, aba ahoUfopa

heavenly, aba

Heavenly Father, our; Inki aba

heavenly king, aba minko

heavens, the; shutik, shutik tabokaka

heavenward; aba pilla, aba yakni pila

heaver, aba pila

heaviest, ireki inshali

heavily; salahat, weki

heaviness, weki

heavy; chito, ilbasha, kallo, lukchuk cliito,

nukhanklo, nuna, palammi, salaha,

shall, weki

heavy, very; irekifchna
heavy thing, na weki
Hebrew, Chu hatak
hectic, yanha

hector, hatak itakhapuli shall
hector, to; anumpulechi
hector er, anumpulechi
hedge, aboli
heed; ahah ahni, haklo
heed, to; ahah ahni, anukfdli, haklo,

imantia

heedful; aiokpanchi, haponaklo achukma
heedless, ahah ahni
heedlessness, ahah ahni iksho
heel, iyin kotoba
heeler, itakhapuli
heels over head, to fall; hachowanashi,

hachowani
heels over head, to throw; hachowa-

nashichi, hachoivaniehi
heft, weki

heifer; chelahpi, wak tek himmeta
heigh !, eha
heigh ho!, eha
height; chaha,falaia, nqnih
heighten, to; achukmalechi, aiyabechi,

chahqchi

heightened; aiyqbbi, chaha
heinous, okpulo
heir; immi, ushi
held; yichefa, yichowa
hell; aiilbqsha, aiilbqshaka, aiokpuloka,

aiokpulunka, hatak illi shilombish aiasha,

luak chito, shilombish okpulo
hell fire, aiokpuloka luak
hellish, aiilbqsha imma
helm; penafana, peniisht afana, peniisht

fullolichi

helmet; shqpo kallo, tali bita
helmsman, afanata
help; apela, apelachi, ibawichi, ilhtohno,

itqpela, nan apela, nan apelachi, toksqli
help, to; apela, apelachi, apepoa
helper; apela, apelachi, apepoa, itqpela,

nan apela, toksqli

470

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

helpless, apela

helve, api

helve, to; hopi, opi

helved; holopi, ollupi

hern; afohoma, apoloma, apolomoa, apo-

shokachi, nafoka afohoma
hem, to; afohommi, apolomachi, apolomi,

apolomolili, nafoka afohomi
hem of a garment, apolomachi
hemmed; afohoma, apoloma, apolomachi,

apolomoa

hemmer, apolomi
hemorrhage, issish mitafa
hemp cloth; na kallo, nan tanna kallo
hen; akank tek, akanka
hen, old; akank ishke
hence, kanima
henceforth, himmak pila
henceforth, from; himmak pillama
henceforward; himmak pila, himmak

pillama

hencoop, akank inchuka
henhouse, akank inchuka
henpecked, hatak tekchi imantia
henpecked husband, hatak tekchiimantia
her; an, ilap, im, immi, in
her own, ilap immi
herald; anumpuli, nan anoli, nan apesa
herb; alba, haiyunkpulo
herbage; haiyunkpulo, hashuk
herculean, chito
herd; any a, a^ya achafa, lukoli
herd, neat; wak apistikeli
herd, to; itanaha, itannali
herdman; alhpoa apistikeli, wak pelifhi,

wak apistikeli

here; ilappa, ilappak, ilappasi, yak
here and there, kano™
her about, ilappa f oka
hereafter; himmak, himmakfoka, himmak

pila, himmak pillama, himmakma, nitak

tinkbahe
herein, ilappa
heretofore; tinkba, tikbama
hermit; hatak haiaka keyu, ilap biekat

kanima atta

heron, American green; okataktak
herpes, hallampa
hers; ilap, immi
herself; ilap, ilap akinli, ilapinli
hesitate, to; anukchito, anuktuklo, anuk-

wia

hesitation; anuktuklo
heterodox, aba anumpa yimmi keyu

hew, to; apalichi, atushali, atilichi, chanli,

kulli, tali, till
hewed; atila, tala, tila
hewed, place; atila
hewed on both sides, atelachi
hewed timber, tala
hewer; apalichi, atilichi, chanli, kulli, nan

tili, tali

hewer of wood, iti chanli
hewn, tala
hewn down, akakoha
hiccough; chukfikoa, itukfikowa, nukfi-

choa, nukficholi

hiccough, to; chukfikoa, itukfikowa
hiccough, to make one; chukfikoli,

chukfikolichi

hickory, white; uksak hata
hickory bark, baluhchi
hickory milk, uksak ulhkomo
hickory mush, uksak alanta
hickory nut; oksuk, uksak
hickory nut, large; kapko, yuhe
hickory-nut meat, uksak nipi
hickory-nut shell, uksak foni
hickory tree, uksak api
hickory withe, uksak api bisinli
hickup; nukfichoa, nukficholi
hickup, to; nukfichoa, nukficholi
hickup, to cause one to; nukficholichi
hid, lumboa
hid at, aluma

hidden; luma, lumboa, lumanka, fulhpakali
hidden at; aluma, alumpoa
hide, to; luhmi, luhminchi, lumpuli
hide, hakshup
hide, to; aluhmi
hide at or in, to; aluhmi, fohki
hideous, pisa okpulo
hider, luhmi

hiding place; aluma, alumpoa
hie, to; tunshpa
high; aiilli chito, alota, aba, aba imma,

chaha, kallo

high (as a price), chito
high (as to sound), iskitini
high and open, mabi
high price; alhtoba chito, aiilli chaha
high priest, na hollochi iksa pelichi
high rank, holitompa
higher, chaha inshali
higher up; abchma, abema
highest; chaha inshaht tali, chaha moma

inshali, inshaht tali, moma i^shali, nana

moma inshali

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

471

high-hearted, chunkqsh chaha

highland, nanihfoka

high-minded; chunkqsh chaha, ilapunla,

ilefchnqchi, imanukfila chaha
highness; qlhtoba chito, holitopa
high-tempered, chunkqsh halupa
high- water mark, okchito aiqli
highway; aiitanowa, hina chito, hina

pqtha

highwayman, hina takla Jcahat hunkupa
hilarity, yukpa
hill; bokko, bunto, ibish, nqnih, nanihfoka,

onchqba

hill, high; nqnih chaha, unchqba chaha
hill, large; unchqba
hill, made into a; bunto
hill, round; nqnih bunto, okfichoha, yakni

bunto

hill, small; okfichoha
hill, small round and long; bilankli
hill, to; ibish ikbi
hill corn, to; apolichi, hopochi
hill country, yakni nqnih foka
hill up, to; apullichi, buntochi
hillock, bokko
hillock, small; bokkushi
hillside, nqnih chakpaka
hilly, being; bokko, kilhkiki, nqnih foka,

unchqba foka

hilly region, unchqba foka
hilt; ahalqlli, ahokli, aiulhpi, bqshpo

falaia aiulhpi
him; an, in, ilap, ilapoma, im, in, yqmma,

yqmmak ash, yqmmak ashon
him also, yqmmak ma
himself; ilap, ilap akinli, ilap fena,

ilapqt, ilapinli, ilapo, ilaposh, ilqppak
himself, to; ila
hind; okbql, ulbqlaka
hind, a; isi humma tek
hind legs, obala
hinder, okbql
hinder, to; ataklqmmi, ataklqmmichi, atak-

Iqmoli, ataklokqmi, atapqchi, imalqmi,

olabechi, olabbechi, olqbbi
hinder, to cause to; imalqmmichi
hindered; ataklqma, ataklqmoa
hinderer; ataklqmmi, ataklqmmichi, atak-

Iqmoli, ataklqmolichi, hatak nan olabechi
hindmost, isht aiopi
hindrance; ataklqma, ataklqmmi, isht

ataklqma, nan isht takalqma
hindrances, to cause; ataklqmolichi
hind ward, aka

hinge; atakali, isht takali, isht takoli

hinge, to; atakali hilcchi

hip; iijubbachosha, iyubi achoshoa, iyubi

achoshuli
hip joint; iyubi achoshoa, iyubi achoshuli,

obqchoshuli
hipped, iyi kinafa
hipped leg; iyi kinafa, iyi kinali
hire, qlhtoba
hire, to; atohno, atonho, tohno, tohnochi,

tonhochi

hire out, to; pota
hired; qlhtohno, ilhtohno
hireling; qUitohno, hatak na pilesa, hatak

tonksqli, ilhtohno, nam pilesa
hirer; atohno, atonho, nam pota, nan

tohno, tohno
his; aiimmi, in, ilap, ilapo, im, imi, immi,

in, yqmma

his excellency, minko
his honor, minko
his kind, aiimmi

his own; ilap immi, ilap in, immi
hit, isso

hit, to; abolichi, bqli, boli, isso
hit and glance, to cause to; tibinllichi
hit off, to; tibqlli
hitch, to; atakchechi, isso, kanali, taka-

lechi, takali
hitched, atalakchi
hitched to, atakali
hither; ilqppa, ilqppak
hitherto, beka
hive bees, to; foe bilishkc inchuka

fohki

hived, foe bilishke inchuka foka
hoar, tohbi

hoard, to; achukmat boli
hoariness, tohbi
hoarse; itqkha chinto, itukshila, kqlan-

chah, nukshqmmi, nukshikiffi, nukshila,

okshammi

hoarseness; nukshikiffi, okshammi
hoarseness, to cause; nukshqmmichi,

nukshilqchi, okshammichi
hoary, tohbi
hoax, lushka
hobble; isuba iyi isht talakchi, iyi isht in-

talakchi

hobble, to; iyintakchi, shaiksheli, takchi
hobbled, iijintalakchi
hobby; aiasittia, isuba
hobgobhn; qbitampa, chuka ishi kanchqk
hobnail, chufak nushkobo chito

472

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

hock; iyin kalankshish, iyinchampko foni

iyubi

hock, to; iyin kalankshish tqbli
hod, asholi
hoe, chahe
hoe, to; leli, okchali
hoe corn, to; hopochi
hoe handle, chahapi
hoe up, to; apelichi
hoed; Ha, okchaha
hoer, okchali
hog; koshu, shukha
hog, small; shukha chanla
hog, the side pieces of a; shukha pqsa
hog house, shukha inchuka
hog sty, shukha inchuka
hog trough, shukha aiimpa
hog yard, shukha inhollihta
hogpen, shukha inhollihta
hogshead, itqlhfoa chito
hoist, to; aba isht ia
hold; halunli, ishi
hold ! , kia
hold, to; anli, asinta, qlhto, eshi, halali,

halqlli, hikia, ishi, inshi, oktqbli, shiyuli
hold, to have a strong; yicheli
hold as a prisoner, to; yukachi
hold fast, to; bochubli
hold in the mouth, to; kapali
hold once, to; halakli
hold out, to; achcbqchi
hold out to view, to; wall, well
hold the ears forward, to; akkashaloH
hold the head down, to; yuhchonoli
hold under the arm, to; kifanali
hold up, to; auola
hold up to view, to; waloli
holder; halanli, halqlli, ishi, isht ishi
holding, ishi
holding up, auola
hole; chiluk, chilukoa, chuluk, fichukbi,

hichukbi, hochukbi, itopa, kolokbi, luna,

lukafa, lukali, lunkqchi, lumpa, tanampo

ittopa, yakni chiluk
hole, auger; afotoha
hole, to; chiluk chukoa, chiluk ikbi, luka-

lichi, luka/i

hole, to enter a \cliiluk chukoa
hole, to make a; chiluk ikbi
hole of the ear, haksobish chiluk
hole in a rock, tali chiluk
hole in the ground, ijakni chiluk
hole or house of a crawfish, shakchi

inchuka

holes, full of; shilunkqchi

holland, ponokallo

hollow; chiluk, chilukoa, haksi, kofusa

hollow, a; chiluk, kofussa, kolokbi, yakni

chiluk

hollow, to; kolokbichi
hollowed; kofusa, kofussa, kolokobi
hollow-eyed; okshilonli, oksholoni
hollowhearted, anli
hollowness; a^li, chiluk, haksi, kolokbi
hollowness of the eyes, okshilonli
holly tree, iti hishi halupa
hollyhock, haiyunkpulo
holster, tanamp puskus inshukcha
holy; aianli achukma, aiyoshoba iksho,

chunkqsh yohbi, holitopa
holy; aiyoshoba iksho, holitompa, holitopa
holy day; nitak hollo, nitak ilaualli
holy-minded man, hat.uk imanukfila

holitopa

holy one, aba holitopa
holy seat, aionbinili holitopa
homage, to; aiokpqchi, holitoblit aiok-

pqchi

home; aiilli, chuka, inchuka, yakni
home, to be or sit at; chuka ansha
home-born, yakni
home-bred, chunka ansha
homely; aiukli kcyu, pisa aiukli kcyu
homemade, chuka akinli atoba
homesick; chuka impalata, palata
homesick, to cause to be; palatqchi
homesickness; chuka impalata, palata
homespun, chuka akinli ashqna
homestead, chuka osapa
homeward; chuka pila, chukimma
homicide, hatak qbi
homily, aba anumpa isht ika
hominy; tanfula, tanlubo
hominy salt, hqpi lakchi
hone; isht halupqlli, isht shuahchi
hone, razor; nutakhisht shanfa ahalapu-

chi, nutakhisht shanfa ashuahchi
hone, to; sholichi
honed, shuahchi
honest; achukma, anli, apissanli, alhpesa,

kostini

honest heart, chunkqsh anli
honey; champuli, foe, foe bila
honey, bumblebee's; onsini bila
honey, to; champulqchi
honey, wild; foe. bila iti ansha
honeybee,/oe bilishke
honeycomb; foe bila hakshup, foe nia

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

473

honeydew, fichak champuli

honeysuckle, wild; okshulba

honor; aholitopa, chitokaka, holitopa

honor, to; aiokpqchi, holitobli

honorable, holitopa

honored, holitopa

honor er, holitobli

honorless, holitopa

hood; hoshontika, ialipa

hood, to; ialipeli, ialipelichi, umpohomo

hooded; ialipa, umpoholmo

hoof; iyakchush, iyi

hoof of a horse, isuba iyakchush

hook; atakali, atakoli, chawqna, china-
chubi, chinakbi, hqshuk isht bqshli,
tanakbi, tali chanakbi

hook, iron; tali chanakbi

hook, to; atakchechi, chinakbichi, tanak-
bichi, tanantobichi, tali chanakbi isht
halqlli

hook, to make a; chinakbichi

hook and jab, to; bali

hook up, to; okhawi

hooked; chinachubi, chinakbi, takali, ta
nakbi

hooked, to make; tanakbichi

hoop; itqlhfoa isht talakchi, iti poloma

hoop, lady's; icoholachi

hoop, to; itqlhfoa takchi

hooped; qlhfoa, itqlhfoa talakchi

hooper; itqlhfoa ikbi, itqlhfoa takchi

hoot, to; ola

hop; atonli, hanahchi, tolupli

hop, to; atonli, atulli, hanahchi, hila,
tolupli

hop and flit, to; chachqchi

hope, to; ahni

hopper; atonli, hanahchi

horizon, apisqka qli

horn; isht pu^fa, lapish

horn, cow's; wak lapish

horner, isht punfolachi

hornet; fohkul, pohkul

horrible, okpulo

horrid, okpulo

horror; nipi wqnnichi, nukshopat illi

horse, isuba

horse, handsome; isuba ilafia

horse, roan; isuba bokboki

horse, small; isuba iskitini

horse bell, isuba inuchi

horse breaker, isuba kostininchi

horse collar, isuba inuchi

horse dealer, isuba kanchi

horse ford, isuba akucha, isuba alopulli

horse hobble, isuba iyi isht talakchi

horse mill, isuba tanchifotoli

horse pass; isuba akucha, isuba alopulli

horse pasture, isuba aiimpa

horse race, isuba itintimia

horse range; isuba aiimpa, isuba aiita-

nowa

horse team, isuba hioli achqfa
horse thief, isuba hu^kupa
horse trader, isuba itatoba
horse trough, isuba aiimpa peni
horseback; isuba nqli, isuba omanili
horsefly, olana
horsefly, big; olana chito
horsefly, green; olana okchamali
horsehair, isuba hishi
horseleech, yaluns chito
horseload, isuba shall achqfa
horseman, isuba omanili
horsemint, shinuktileli
horseshoe; isuba inshulush, isuba iyi tali

lapali

horseshoer, isuba iyi tali it/i lapalichi
horseway, isuba i1lhina
horsewhip, isuba ishtfqma
hose; ii/ubi huski, obalafoka
hosier, iyubi huski kanchi
hosiery, iyubi huski
hospitable man, hatak inkana achukma
host; qlbina, bina, chuka afoha hatak, laua,

tqshka chipota
hostage, yukachit halanli
hostess, chukafoha ohoyo
hostile, tanampi
hostility; itintanampi, tanampi
hosts, tqshka chipota
hot; alohbi, alohbi, lashpa, nuklibisha,

nukshikanli, pqlli
hot, scalding; lashpa fehna
hot, to cause to be; alolichi
hot-brained man, hatak nukoa shali
hotel; chuka afoha, chuka anusi
hothouse; alaksha, anunka lashpa
hotness, lashpa
hotspur, hatak nukoa shali
hound, ofi haksobish falaia
hound, to; ofi isht lioli
hour; hqshi kanqlli, hqshi kanqlli qlhpisa,

hqshi kanqlli isht qlhpisa
house; aboha, aboha mismiki, chuka,

chuka achqfa, chukachafa, hatak chuka

achqfa, inchuka, isht atiaka
house, bone; tqshka chuka

474

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4G

house, charnel; tqshka chuka

house, Indian; hatak qpi humma inchuka

house, king's; minko inchuka

house, old-fashioned; chukapithia

house, single; apelichika

house, small; chukushi

house, to; chuka, chuka chukoa, chuka
foki, homo

house door, chukokhisa

house field, chuka osapa

house lock, chukashana

house raising, chuka itabqnni

housed; chuka j "oka, holmo

household; chuka achqfa, chukachqfa, ha
tak chuka achqfa

household stuff, aboha nan chukushpa

householder; chukachqfa pelicheka, chu
kachqfa pelichi

housekeeper; chukachqfa pelicheka, chu
kachqfa pelichi, itinchuka

housewife, ohoyo chuka pelichi

housewright, chukikbi

housing; aboha, chuka

housing (for a horse), isuba umpatqlhpo
onlipa nan tqnna

hover, to; awiachi, lopohqchi

how; hacha, katimichi, katiohmi, katiohmi
hon

how is it?; katiohmi, nantihmi

how manyP; kanohmi, katohmi

howbeit, yohmi kia

however; amba, kaniohmi kia

howitzer, tanamp chito

howl, iroha

howl, to; itabi, ivoha, wohwoha, wohwah,
ivowoha, yaiya

howsoever, kanohmi kia

hubbub, shakapa

huckster, nan chokushpa itatoba

huddle; itqnaha, itqpaiyata, lokussa

huddle, to; itahoba, itqnaha, itqpaiyali,
lokussa, lokussqlli, lakoli, lunshpali

huddled; lokussa, lukoli

huddler, itqpaiyali

huffy, n ukoa

hug, to; sholi

huge; chito, hocheto, ishto

hull, hakshup

hull, to; pishuffi

hull corn, to; shibbi

hulled, pishofa

hullo a, ale

hum; kinihqchi, kininiachi, shinihqchi

hum, to; kinihqchi, komohqchi, lohmqt

taloa, lumat taloa, shinihqchi, timihqchi
human, hatak isht ahalaia
human race or species, hatak isht atia
humane; kana, nukhanklo
humanity; hatak inkana, hatak okla
humble; aka^lusi, akanli, hopoksia, il-

bqsha, nukhanklo
humble, to; akanli, akanlusechi, chu™-

kqsh akkalusechi, hofayali, imaiyqchit

kobqffi, kostininchi, nukha^klochi
humblebee, imosini
humbled; akanlusi, chunkqsh akkanlusi,

ilbqsha, kostini, nukhanklo
humbler; akanlusichi, kobqffi
humid; oktohbichi, shummi
humidity; oktohbi, shummi
humility, chunkqsh akkalusi
hummingbird, liku^klo
hummock, bokko
humor, aiimqlhpesa
humor, a; lachowa
humor, to; qlhpesqchi
humorist, hatak yopula
hump; kobuna, kobunoa, kofuna, ko-

funoha

humpback, kofuna

humpbacked; kobuna, kofuna, koshuna
humped; kofuna, kofunoha, tobbona
"humph," to say; humpah
hunch; kofuna, tobli
hunch, to; tobli
hundred, talepa
hundred, one; talepa achqfa
hundred times, talepaha
hundredth, isht talepa
hung; nuksita, nuksitinfa} nuksitoha, ta~

kali, takoli

hung by the neck, nukshininfa
hung up; atakali, atakoli, aba takali,

tikeli

hunger; hochqjfo, hopoa
hunger, to; hochqffo, hopoa
hungry; hochqffo, hopoa
hunks, hatak nan inholitopa
hunt; aiowa, hoyo, oiva
hunt, to; aiowa, hoyo, ilhpapa, owatta,

silhhi

hunt beforehand, to; tikbali
hunter; hatak illi achopa, hoyo, ilhpapa,

isi qbi, na hoyo, oicqtta, silhhi
hunting expedition, owa
hunting frock, ilefoka patafa

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CITOCTAW LANGUAGE

475

hunting ground, aiowata

huntress, ohoyo owatta

huntsman, hatak owatta

hurl, to; fahammi, Jcanchi

hurler, fahqmmi

hurricane, apeli

hurried; anukwa^ya, atu^shpa, pglhki

hurry, to; anukwanya, anukwanygchi,
ashalinkgchi, atunshpa, atushpgchi, che-
kichi, pglhkichi, tunshpalechi, tunshpali,
tunshpachi

hurt; afetgpa, bila, fahama, hotupa, ok-
pulo

hurt, a; hotupa, okpulo

hurt, to; bgshli, bili, chanli, hotupachi,
hotupali, ibatepa, okpani

hurter; hotupali, okpani

hurtful, okpulo

husband; achuka, anhgtgk, hatak, inha-
tak, ilauet anya, itinchukali, ohoyo inha-
tak

husband, to; ilatomba

husbandman; osapa isht atta, osapa tok
sali

husbandry; osapa isht gtta, osapa toksali

hush; chulosa, issa, lumat ansha, sgmanta

hush, to; chulosgchi, issa

hush money, isht haksichi

hushed, chulosa

husk; hakshup, lufa

husk, to; luffi, luli

husked; lufa, luha

husker, lujji

huskiness; pahshgla, shila

husky; pahshgla, shila

hussar, isuba omanili tgshka

hussy, ohoyo haksi

hut; aboha iskitini, abohushi, chukushi

hut, to; chukushi obeli

hydrophobia, holilabi

hymn; ataloa, aba taloa, alhtaloa, alh-
tqlwak

hymn, to; taloa

hymn, to make a; taloa ikbi

hymn book, holisso ataloa

hymned, tqlwa

hypochondriac; chu^kqsh iknakno, nakni

hypocrisy; ilahobbi, nan ilahobbi

hypocrite; aba anumpuli ilahobbi, ila
hobbi, nan ilahobbi

I; am, am, an, gno, la, le, li, lin, lin, lint,

lish, lishke, sa, san, sgm, si, sia
ibex, -isi kosoma nukshopa

ice, okti

icicle; okchanawisha, okti

iciness; kapgssa, okti chito

icy; kapgssa, okti, okti laua

idea, imanukfila

ideal, imanukfila

identical, mih

identified, atokowa

identify, to; atokoli, ibafoki

idiocy, imanukjila iksho

idiot; imanukfila iksho, imanukfila iksho
aiimoma

idiotic, imanukjila iksho

idle; ahoba, glhpesa, intakobi, toksali

idle, to; toksali

idle talk, atuklakafa

idleness; intakobi, toksali

idler, hatak intakobi

idol, Chihowa hobachi

idolater, Chihowa hobachit ikbit aiokpgchi

if; hokma, ikma, Icma, ok

if haply, mdk

if it is not so, keyuhokmgt

if it may be, yobakma

if it shall; hokma, yobakma

if not, keyukma

if so be, yohmi hokmgt

ignis fatuus, luak palali

ignite, to; lua, luachi

ignited, lua

ignition; lua, luachi

ignoble, makali

ignominious, makali

ignoramus; imanukfila iksho, nanikhana,
nan ikithano

ignorance, ikhana

ignorant; ikhana, imanukfila iksho, nan
ikithano

ignorant man, hatak nan ikithano

ignorantly, ikithano

ill; abeka, achukma, glhpesa, nukoa, ok
pulo, yoshoba

ill, an; ishkangpa

ill-bred, hopoksia

ill-breeding, hopoyuksa

ill-nature; anukchaha, hglba^sha iksho,
nukoa

ill-nature, to cause; anukchahgchi

ill-natured; anukchaha, hglhpansha iksho,
nukoa

ill-will; hglbansha iksho, nukkilli, nukoa

illegal, glhpesa

illegible, pisahe keyu

"illegitimate; alia i"ki iksho, i^ki iksho

476

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

illegitimate, an; alia i^ki iksho

illiberal, i^hollo

illicit, alhpesa

illiterate, holisso ithana

illness; abeka, ilbqsha, yoshoba

illume, to; imanukfila tohwikelichi, toh
wikelichi

illuminate, to; imanukfila tohwikelichi,
tohwikelichi

illuminated, tohwikeli

illumination, tohwikelichi

illuminator, tohwikelichi

illumine, to; imanukfila tohwikelichi, toh-
wikelichi

illusion, ahoba

illustrate, to; haiakqchi, holitoblichi

illustrated; haiaka, holitopa

illustrious; anoa, holitopa

image; aholba, holba

image, to; anukjillit hobachi

image of a man, hatak holba

imagination, imanukfila

imagine, to; anukfilli, a nukfillit hobachi

imbank, to; saktiikbi

imbecile; kota, liposhi

imbibe, to; ishi, ishko, nukfoka

imbrue, to; lachali

imbrued, lacha

imitate, to; ahobachi, hobachi, holbachi

imitated, holba

imitation; hobachi, holba, na holba

imitator; hobachi, hobachit ikbi

immaculate; anli, kashofa

immaterial; na fehna keyu, nana fehna
keyu

immature; aiona, nuna, tushpa

immeasurable; ataha iksho, alhpesa

immediate, chekusi

immediately; ashali^ka, chcki, chekusi,
himonasi, mih, tunshpa, yakosi ititakla

immemorial, aiithanaka misha

immense; ataha iksho, chito, hocheto,
ishto

immensity, ataha iksho

immerge, to; oklobushlichi

immerse, to; oklobushlichi, oklubbichi

immersed; oklobushli, oklubbi

immersion; oklobushli, oklobushlichi

immigrant, icihat ala

immigrate, to; wihat ala

imminent; bUi»ka, lakanli

immoderate, afajxi

immoderately, atapa

immodest; hofah iksho, kostini

immolate, to; Chihowa aiokpachi
immoral; haksi, okpulo, yoshoba
immortal; ataha iksho, illahe keyu
immortalize, to; illahe keyu ikbi, issahe

keyu ikbi
immovable; kanallahe keyu, kanallichahe

keyu, shanaiahe keyu, shanahe keyu
immovably, shanaiahe keyu
immure, to; aboha kallofoki, holihtachi
immured, aboha kallofoka
immutability, shanaiahe keyu
immutable; kanallahe keyu, kanallichahe

keyu, shanaiahe keyu
imp; shilombish okpulo, ushi
impair, to; aiyabechi
impaired, aiyabbi
impalpable, lapushki
imparity, itilaui
impart, to; ima, ipeta
impart knowledge, to; anukfohkichi
impartial, kanim achi
impartiality, kanimachi
impassable, lopullahe keyu
impassionate, nuklibishakachi
impassioned, nuklibishakachi
impatience, nuktala
impatient; afekommi, ajfekomi, nuktanla

iksho, nuktala

impeach, to; anumpa onuchi
impeachable, anumpa onucha hinla
impeached, anumpa onutula
impeachment; anumpa onuchi, anumpa

onutula

impeccable, yoshobahe keyu
impede, to; ataklammi, salahachi
impediment; anuktuklo, ataklama, atak
lammi, nan isht takalama
impel, to; iachi, tikbiachi
impend, to; ivaiya
impenetrable, chukowahe keyu
impenitent, yoshobatokkia nukhanklo

keyu

(imperative), ashke
imperfect; alhtaha, ona
imperishable, toshbahe keyu
impertinent; ahalaia, inla imnti kia

ahalaia

impetuous; okpulo, pqlhki
impiety; Chihoica ikimantio, Chihowa

inyimmi kei/u, yoshoba
impious, Chihowa ikimantio
implacable; kostinahe keyu, nuktqlahe

key u
implement, isht tonksali

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

477

implore, to; asilhha, asilhhaclii
implorer; asilhha, asilhhachi
impolite, hopoksia
impolitic, hopoJcsia
import, to; miha
importance, nanafehna
important, nanafehna
importune, to; asilhha, ilbasha
impose, to; haksichi, onochi, pakamoli
imposed; apakama, onutula, pakama
imposition, ibbak onuchi
impossible; heto, nan ihma heto, nantih

maheto, yohma himma keyu
impostor, hatak haksichi
impotency; hopoa, ilbasha, imomokpulo
impoverish, to; ilbashachi, ilbashalechi
impoverished, ilbasha
impracticable; yamichahe keyu, yamoh-

mahe keyu

imprecate, to; ahni
impregnate, to; yammichi
impregnated, yammi
impress, inchunwa
impress, to; inchunli
impression; imanukjila, inchunwa
impressive, chunkash ishahinla
imprint, to; inchunli
imprison, to; aboha kallofoki, yukachi
imprisoned; aboha kallofoka, yuka
imprisoner, aboha kallofoki
imprisonment, aboha kallofoka
improbable, yomahe ahoba keyu
improbably, tokomi
improper, alhpesa
impropriety, alhpesa
improve, to; achchukmali, achukmalechi,

achukmat inshaht isht ia, aiskia, aiskiachi,

hochukmali, ikhana, kanihmi
improve opportunity, to; kaniohmichi
improved; achukma, imponna
improver, achukmali
improvement; ikhana, imponna
imprudence, hopoyuksa
imprudent, hopoksia
impudent; hofah iksho, ichapa, ichapoa,

isht afekommi

impudent man, hatak afikommi
impure; haksi, kashofa, liteha, okpulo
impurity; kashofa, liteha, okpulo
impute, to; onochi
imputed, onutula

in; a, a, ai, aialhto, anunka,foka, i, piUa
in a moment, himonali

in a short time; ashalint, hopakikma,

hopakikmako
in advance tikbali
in company with, iba
in doubt, anuktuklo
in front, tikba
in haste, ashalinka
in particular, ak
in person, ilapfena
in season, nitanki
in some degree, chohmi
in that place, a
in that time,fokakash
in the least degree, kamomi
in the meanwhile, aiitintakla
in the rear, anshaka
in the sight of, tikba
in the smallest amount, kamomi
in the way, tankla
in them, okla ilappakon
in this direction; ilappa pila, olehma
in this place, ilappak
in time, nitanki
in truth, a™lit
in vain, keyut
in whom, ilappak
inability; isht ikono, kallo keyu, lauechi

kat ikono

inaccessible, ona
inaccurate; anli, ashachi
inaction, ilhkoli keyu
inadequate, lauechi
inadmissible; alhpesa, ishahe keyu
inanimate, nan okchaya keyu
inattentive, aiokpanchi keyu
inaugurate, to; hilechi
incalculable, holhtinahe keyu
incapable; yamichahe keyu, yohmahe keyu
incarcerate, to; aboha kallofoki
incarcerated, aboha kallofoka
incarceration, aboha kallofoka
incarnate, haknip toba
incarnation, haknip toba
incase, to; itotnbifohki
incased, itombifohka
incautious, ahah ahni
incendiary, an; chuka hukmi, hukmi
incendiary (one who inflames the

minds of people), an; achoira
incense; balama, na balama
incense, to; nukoachi
incense (scatter incense on), to; bala-

machechi

478

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

incensed, nukoa

incessant, bilia

inch, ibbak ishki pqtta achafa

incipient, ammona

incision; bqsha, bqshli

incite, to; okchqli, tohno

incited; nukpqlli, okcha

incitement, nan isht nukpqllichi

inclement, okpulo

inclination, ahni

incline, to; ahni, chiksanqlli, imanukfila

shananchi

inclined to one side, chiksanali
inclose, to; apakfobli,fohki, holihtqchi
inclosed; apakfopa,fohka, holihta
inclosure; aholihta, holihta
include, to; aieninchi, ishi
incombustible, luahe keyu
income, ibafoka

incommode, to; anumpulechi, ataklqmmi
incompetent, ona
incomplete, alhtaha
incomprehensible, ikhanahe keyu
inconsiderate, ahah ahni
inconstant, shanaioa
incorporeal, haknip iksho
incorrect; anli, qlhpesa, ona
incorrigible, kostinahe keyu
incorrupt, okpulo keyu
increase, ibafoka
increase, to; atoba, chitoli, hochetoli, ia,

inshaht ia, inshaht isht ia, inshali, laua,

lauachi, nan inlauachi, unchololi
increased, inshali
incredible, yimmahe qlhpesa
incrust, to; hakshup ikbi
incubate, to; alata, binili, takakanli
incubus, shimoha
incurable; alakofahe keyu, qttahe keyu,

lakoffahe keyu
incurvate, to; bikulli, tanakbichi, wai-

yachi

incurvated, tanakbi
indebted, aheka intakanli
indecent; chakapa, okpulo, pisa ika-

chukmo

indecisive, imanukfila laua
indeed; akat, aume, chukah, hato, mali,

onie, yanniia

indemnify, to; aiskiachi
indent, to; lukotichi, lanlakechi
indented; Inkofa, lakoti, lanlaki
indents, lakoli
independence, ilapunla

independent; ilapunla, inla anukcheto

keyu

india rubber, holisso isht kashofji
Indian; hatak, hatak api humma
Indian agent, na hollo holitopa
indicate, to; haiakachi
indict, to; anumpa kallo onuchi, anumpa

onuchi

indicted, anumpa onutula
indifferent, ahni
indigence, ilbasha
indigent, ilbasha

indignant; isht ikinahno, nukkilli, nu
koa

indignation; nukkilli, nukoa
indigo; nan isht okchakuchi, nan isht ok-

chamalichi

indirect; anli, apissali, okpulo
indiscreet, hopoksia
indispose, to; abekachi
indisposed; abeka, ahni
indisposition; abeka, ahni
indissoluble, bilahe keyu
indite, to; holissochi
indited, holisso
individual; achafa, hatak achafa, hatak

lumbo, nan achafa
individually, achafalit
indocile, nan ikhanahe keyu
indoctrinate, to; ikhananchi, imabachi
indoctrinated, ikhana
indolence, intakobi
indolent; intakobi, toksali
indoors, aboha
indue, to; fohkachi
indurate, to; kallo, kallochi
indurated, kallo
industrious, aiokpqchi
industry, a.iokpqchi
inebriate, to; haksi, haksichi
inebriated; haksi, oka haksi
inebriation; haksi, oka haksi
inebriety, haksi
ineffable, anoa tqpa
ineffectual; anli, nan ihmi keyu, ona
inefficient, ahoba
inequality, itilaui
inestimable; holhtbiahe kei/u, holitopa

at a pa
inevitable; alakofahe. keyu, apakfopahe

keyu
inexcusable; mosholahe keyu, nan isht

amihahe iksho
inexorable, palammi

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

479

inexperience; ikhana, imomakqt pisa
keyu

inexperienced; ikhana, imponna

inexpert, imponna

inextinguishable, mosholahe keyu

infallible, ashqchahe keyu

infamous, nan okpulo anno

infancy, atta ammona

infant; qllu^si, atta ammona, puskus

infant boy, chinshka keyu

infant girl, chinshka

infanticide, qllonsqbi

infantry, tashka c.hipota

infatuate, to; tasembochi

infatuated, tasembo

infatuation, tasembo

infect, to; abekachi, isht abekachi, okpani

infected; abeka, okpulo

infection; abeka, abeka ha.leli, isht abeka,
nana haleli

infection, to take; qlbonli

infectious, abeka haleli

infeiior, laue

inferior, very; okpulosali

infernal; aiilbasha imma, shilombish ok
pulo aiilbasha ansha

infernal powers, shilombish okpulo

infernal spirit, shilombish okpulo aiil
basha ansha

infest, to; apistikeli

infidel; aba anumpa ikyimmo, aba anumpa
yimmi, yimmi

infidelity, aba anumpa ikyimmo

infinite; aiqli iksho, ataha iksho

infinity, ataha iksho

infirm; kqllo, liposhi

infirmity; iksitopa, liposhi

inflame, to; chiletqlli, chilitqchi, libbichi,
luachi, nukoa, nukoachi

inflamed; chilita, humma, lashpa, libbi,
lua, nukoa, oshanichi, pishpiki

inflamed with passion, chunkash lua

inflammation; oshanichi, yanhafoka

inflammation of the kidneys, haiyinh-
chi hotupa

inflate, to; shatammichi

inflated, shatammi

inflexible, bikotahe keyu

inflict, to; onochi

inflicted, onutula

inflict er, onochi

infold, to; abonulli

infolded, abunkachi

inform, to; anoli, haklochi, ikhananchi,

imabachi

informant; anoli, haklo<'hi, nan anoli
information; anoa, ikhana
informed; anoa, ikhana
informer; anoli, anumpa onuchi, hatak

nan anoli, nan anoli
infringe, to; kobajfi
infringed, kobafa
infuriate, nukoa

infuriate, to; nukhobelachi, nukoachi
infuriated, nukhobcla
infuse, to; ani
ingenious, imponna
ingenuity, imponna
ingenuous, lumiksho
ingratitude, aiokpqchi
inhabit, to; aiqlta, aiokla, anta, atta
inhabitable, aiokla hinla
inhabitant; aiasha, aiqtta, aiokla achafa,

hatak, okla

inhabitant, male; nakni tashka
inhabited, aiokla
inliale, to; fiopa
inherit, to; ishi
inheritance, immi
inhibit, to; olqbbi
inhume, to; hohpi
inimical, kana
inimitable, hobachahe keyu
iniquitous, yoshoba
iniquity; nan ikqlhpeso, yoshoba
inject, to; bohpuli,fohki
injudicious, hopoksia
injunction, anumpa qlhpisa
injure, to; hotupachi, hotupali, ibatepa,

okpani

injure the feelings, to; bill
injure the heart, to; chunkqsh okpani
injured; hotupa, okpulo
injured, partially; toshboa
injurious; achukma, okpulo
injury; imokpulo, kanqpa, nan okpulo
injury, accidental; afetqpa
injustice, qlhpesa
ink, isht holissochi
ink, black; isht holissochi lusa
ink, red; isht holissochi humma
ink bottle, isht holissochi aiqlhto
ink maker, isht holissochi ikbi
inkhorn, isht holissochi aiqlhto
inkstand, isht holissochi aiqlhtQ
inland, yakni iklqna pilla

480

BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

inmate, ibaiqtta

inmost, anunkaka fehna

inn; aboha afohu, aboha aiimpa, anusi,

chuka afoha, chuka anusi
inner; a,iunka, anukanka iklqnna
innkeeper; chuka afoha hatak, chuka

afoha inhikia

innocence, aiokpulo iksho
innocency, aiokpulo iksho
innocent; anli, ashqchi keyu, yoshoba

keyu

innovate, to; inlachi
innovation, inla
innovator, inlachi
innumerable; aholhtina iksho, holhtinahe

keyu
inoculate, to; ibbak inlumplit ikhi^sh

foki

inoculated, ibbak inlumpqt ikhinshfoka
inoffensive, okpulo isht inshat ia
inordinate, atapa
inquire, to; aponaklo, ponaklo
inquire after, to; hoyo, panaklo
inquirer; aponaklo, hoyo, nam ponaklo,

panaklo, ponaklo
inquiry, aponaklo

inquiry, mutual; itiinponaklot a^sha
inquisitive, aponaklo shall
insane, tasembo
insane, to render; tasernbochi
insanity, tasembo
insatiable; anuktqpa, anuktqptua, Jiho-

pahe keyu

insatiate, fihopahe keyu
inscribe, to; holissochi
inscribed, holisso
inscription; holisso, o^holisso
inscrutable; akostininchahe keyu, ikhq-

nahe keyu
insect, shu^shi
insect, a kind of; lanla
insecure, atnkko
insensibility, imanukfila kapassa
insensible; chunkash kapassa, ikhana,

imanukfila ka/mssa, shintoha
insert, to; arhoshuli, ibafoki
inserted; achushkachi, achushoa
inside; aialhto, anunka
inside, the; anunka, anunkaka
inside of the bend, polonta
inside of the earth, yakni anunkaka
inside out, to turn; aiuikjilcnm, anuk-

filcmoa, anukfilcmoli, an nL-/ili>nmi,

an ukpilij/i, an uk pilot i

inside out, turned; anukfilenM, anuk-
filemoa, anukpilefa, anukpiloa

insidious, haksi

insight, anunkaka pisa

insignia, isht alhpisa

insignificant; ahoba, makali

insincere, anli

insipid, ahoba

insolent; ilapunla, ilefehnachi

insolvent, aheka

inspect, to; pisa

inspection, pisa

inspector, pisa

inspiration; ilafiopa, nukjokichi

inspire, to; fiopa, nukfokechi, Jiukfoki

inspired; alhpunfa, nukfoka

inspirit, to; okchali, yiminlachi

inspirited; okcha, yimmita

inspissate, to; ashelachi

inspissated, ashela

install, to; binilichi, hilechi

installation, hilechi

installed, hikia

instance; himonna, nana yamohmi

instant; himak, tushpa

instant, an; yakosi ititakla, yohmit itin-
takla

instantaneous, yakosi ititakla

instantly; himonali, himonasi, yakosi

instate, to; hilechi

instead, alhtoba

instep; iyi paknaka, iyi pata paknaka

instigate, to; itohnichi, tohno, tonhochi

instigated, ilhtohno

instigation, itohnichi

instigator; itohnichi, nan tohno, ann
tohnochi, tohnochi

instinct, aiimalhpesa

institute, to; hilechi, ia

institution; anumpa alhpisa, alhpisa, ho
lisso aiithana

institutor; hilechi, holisso ithananchi, nan
apesa

instruct, to; ahobachi, anukfohkachechi,
aj)csa, ikhananchi, ikhananchi, imabqchi,
iinponnachi, miha, nukfokqchi, pisachi

instruct before, to; tikbanli inmiha

instructed; qlbqchi. ikhana, nan ikhana,
nukfoka

instruction; anumpa, ikhana, ikhananchi

instructions, to receive; anuinp imeshi

instructor, an; anukfokichi, hatak ima-
bacf/i, holisso ithananchi, holisso pisachi,
ikhananchi, nan ikhananchi^ nan ima-
bachi, nana imabachi

BTINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

481

instructress, ohoyo holisso ithananchi
instrument; holisso, isht tonksali, isht

yammichi
instrument for winnowing grain,

ufko

insufferable; atapa fehna, palammi atapa
insufficient; laua, ona
insulate, to; naksika binilichi
insulated, naksika binili
insult, to; chunkash hutupali, hotupali
insulted, chunkash hutupa
insupportable, palammi atapa
insurrection; okla achafa itibi, tanampi
integrity; a^li, apissanli
integument, hakshup
intellect, imanukfila
intellectual, imanukfila aiimma
intelligence; anumpa, ikhana
intelligent, ikhana
intelligible, ikhana Mnla
intemperance, okishko
intemperate; atapa, hatak okishko atapa
intend, to; ahni, imanukfila
intendant, pelicheka
intense; atapa, fehna
intensely, to do; fehna
intensity, kallo
intent; ahni, chilita, imanukfila
inter, to; hohpi
intercede, to; anwnpuli
intercept, to; katapoli, katabli, oktabli
intercept, to cause to; katablichi
intercepted; katapa, oktapa
intercession; isht anumpa, isht anum-

puli

intercessor, isht anwnpuli
interchange, itatoba
interchange, to; itatoba
intercourse; ahalaia, itimahalaia
interdict, anumpa alhpisa
interest; ahalaia, alapanli, halaiya, isht

ahalaia

interest, object of; nan isht ahalaia
interest, to; ahalaia, anukpallichi, nuk-

pallichi

interest, to cause to bring; chelichi
interest, to feel; anukpalli
interest, to give or charge; alapalechi
interest, to have an; ahalaia
interest the mind, to; imanukfila ishi
interested; afetipa, ahalaia. anukpalli,

affetipa, halaiya, nukpalli
interested in, to be; aiahalaia, halaia
84S390— Bull. 40—15 31

interfere, to; ataklammi, isso
interior; anunka, anunkaka, iklanna
interment; hatak hopi, hohpi
intermingle, to; aiyummi
intermission, foha
intermit, to; issachi •
intermix, to; aiyummi
intermixed, aiyuma
internal, anunkaka
interpose, to; apela, olabbi
interpret, to; anumpa tosholi, alhtosholi
interpretation, anumpa toshoa
interpreted; anumpa toshoa, alhtoshoa
interpreter; anumpa tosholi, tosholi
interred, hollopi
interrogate, to; ponaklo
interrogation; atoma, cho, ponaklo
interrupt, to; ataklammi
interrupted, ataklama
interruption; ataklama, ataklammi
intersect, to; aiyukhana, aiyukhanni
intersperse, to; fimmi
interspersed, fimimpa
interstice; wakalali, wakla
interval; ititakla, patasachi
intervene, to; itintakla
intervention, itintakla
interview, itipesa
intestine, anunkaka
intestines, the; iskuna
intimate, fehna
intimate, an; kana
intimidate, to; nukshobli
intimidated, nukshopa
into, takla

intolerable; atapa, palammi atapa
intolerant, atapa
intonate, to; hiloha, ola, olachi
intoxicate, to; haksichi
intoxicated; haksi, oka haksi, shimoha
intoxication; haksi, oka haksi
intrepid, nukwia iksho
intrigue, haksichi
intrinsic; anli, anunkaka, fehna
intrinsical, anunkaka
introduce, to; ikhananchi
introducer, isht ala
introduction, isht ala
intrude, to; binili, tankla binili
intruder; binili, tankla binili
intrusion, binili, tankla binili
intrust, to; ibbakfohki
intrusted, ibbakfohka

482

BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

in twine, to; apakshqnni

intwined, apakshqna

inundate, to; ofcchitochi, okchitoli

inundated, okchito

inundation; oka bikeli, okchito

inure, to; imomqchi

inured, imoma

invade, to; chukoa, ibachukoa

invaded, ibachukoa

invader, ibachukoa

invalid, aksho

invalid, an; abeka shall, liposhi

invalidate, to; kobqffi

invalidated, kobafa

invaluable, holitopa atqpa

invariable; apissanli, shanaioa keyu

invasion, ibachukoa

invective, anumpa okpulo

inveigh, to; chakapa

invent, to; anukfilli

inventory, qlhpoyak holisso

invert, to; atobbichi, lipcli

inverted; lipa, lipia

invest, to; fohkqchi, hilechi, ima

invest another, to; shemachi

invested; fohka, shema

investigate, to; pisa

investigation, pisa

investigator, pisa

inveterate; knmassa, kallo, sipokni

invidious, nukkilli

invigorate, to; kqllochi, nukoa, yimin-

tqchi

invigorated; kallo, yimmita
invincible, imaiyahe kcyu
invitation, asilhha
invite, to; asilhha, hoyo, nukpqllichi
invited, aianowa
invocate, to; asilhha
invocation, asilhha
invoke, to; asilhha
involuntary, ilap ahni kci/u
involve, to; afoli, ibafoki, umpohomo
inward, fmuf'kdka
inwards, the; 'i/uka, iskunn
inwrap, to; abonuUi, afoli
in wrapped, dbii^knrhi
ipecacuanha, Imii/iinkpnlo ishkot hoita
irascible, unkoa shall
ire, nukoa

Ireland, .1 ilizli yakni
iiis, ItitHtk b!lc/)uli
Irish, Ailixh
Irish people, Aillsh okla

Irish potato, ahe lumbo

Irishman, Ailish hatak

irksome, ahchiba

irksomeness, ahchiba

iron, flat; tali patassa

iron, hard; tali kallo

iron, plug of; tali kolofa

iron, remnant of; tali kolofa

iron, sad; tali patassa

iron, sheet; tali tapaski

iron, slender round piece of; talifo-
bassa

iron, stump of; tali kolofa

iron, thin; tali tapaski

iron, to; ahammi

iron, twisted; tali shana

iron, welded; tali itachaka

iron band, talifohoma

iron bolt, talifobassa

iron button, tali isht talakchi

iron chain, tali chosopa

iron hinge, talatakali

iron hook; talatakali, tali chinakbi, tali
tanakbi

iron hoop, talifohoma

iron pin, talifobassa

iron pot, iyasha

iron ring, tali chanaha

iron screw, tali shqna

iron spindle, talifobassa honula

iron spoon, tqlqlhpi

iron wedge, tali isht pqla

ironsmith, boll

ironwood; itukaiviloha, iyanqbi

irony, yopula

irradiate, to; shohmalalichi

irradiated, shohmalali

irradiation, shohmalali

irrational, imanukfda iksho

irreconcilable; qlhpesa, hopolahc kci/u,
itilauahe keyu, nan aiya

irrecoverable, falama

irredeemable; chumpahe kcyu, luko/fihc
kcyu

irregular, itilaui iksho

irreligious, aba anumpa yiinmi kctju

irreparable, aiskiahc, kci/ii

irreproachable, anumpa onutulahe kri/u

irresistible; oktablahe keyu, t<jpnhc kei/u

irrigate, to; lachali

irrigated, lacha

irritable; banshkiksho, nukoa hinla, nu
koa shali

irritate, to; nukhobclachi, nukoqchi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

483

irritated, nukhobela

irruption, ibachukoa

is it now?, yammak onf

is it so?, yammak on?

is it that?, yammak on?

island; nqnih tashaiyi, tashaiyi, tqlhkqchi

isle, tashaiyi

isolate, to; naksika hilechi, naksikachi

Israelite, Chu hatak

issue, ushi

issue, an; kucha, umbokafa

issue, to; Jimmi, kucha, kuchi

issueless, ushi iksho

isthmus, yakni ikonlo

it; an, ak, hoh, in, ilqppa, im, in, mih,

yqmma, yammak oka
it is, oke

it is so; omiha, omishkc
it is the, oke

it may be; hota, tokok, yoba
it might be, tokok
it must be so, yamohmdhe qlhpesa
it seems so, hota
itch, the; washko
itch, to; yauolichi
itch, to cause the; washkoli
itch, to have the; washkali
itching, yauolichi
iterate, to; albiteli
iteration, albiteli
itinerant, no irq t fullokahanchi
itinerate, to; noi vat fullokahanchi
its; Hap, immi, in

itself; ilap, ilap akinli, ilapo inli, ilappak
itself, to; ila
ivory; aifoli, hatak lusa inyqnnqsh noti

isht itibbi
ivy, talunwa

jab, baha

jab, to; bahaffi, ball

jabbed; baha, bahafa

jabber, labaha

jabber, to; labahachi

jabberer, labaha

jabbering, to keep; labahahanchi

jackass; isuba haksobish falaia nakni,

isuba nashoba nakni

jacket; ilefoka yushkololi, nafoka kolukshi
jade; isuba liposhi, ohoi/o makali
jade, to; liposhichi, tikabichi
jaded, liposhi
jag, to; lakoli
jagged, lakowa

jags, lakonwa

jaguar, koi

jail, aboha kallo

jail, to; aboha kallo foki

jailor, aboha kallo apistikeli

jamb, asanali

jamb, to; ateblichi

jangle, itachoa

jangle, to; achowa

janitor, okhisa apistikeli

janizary, takish intashka chipota

January, Chanueli

jar; akolas, lukfi kotoba, palokachi

jar, to; palattokachi, palokachi, winna-

lichi

jarred; palokachi, winnakachi
jaundice, abeka lakna
jaunt; nowatfalama, nowatfullota
jaunt, to; nowat anya, nowatfullota
javelin, isht itibbi
jaw, nutakfa
jaw, to; nukoa
j awb one , nutakfa foni
jay, linshkila

jealous; nuktala, potanno, pushahchih
jealous, to cause to be; potunnuchi
jealousy; nuktala, potanno
jealousy, to excite; nuktalali
jeer, to; hobachi, isht yopula, yopula
Jehovah, Chihowa
Jehovah Father, Inki Chihowa
jejune, ahoba
jelly, walahachi
jenny, ponol ashana chito
jeopard, to; ishkanapachi
jerk, halali

jerk, to; halakli, halali, halalli
jerker, halali
jerkin, nafoka kolukshi
jerks, the; shimoha
jerks, to bring on the; shimohachi
jerks, to have the; shimoha
Jerusalem; Chelusalim, Chilusalim
Jerusalem people, Chilusalim okla
Jerusalemite, Chilusalim hatak
jest, yopula
jest, to; atuklakafa, ishtuklakafa, lushka,

yopula

jester; hatak yopula, yopula
Jesus, Chisas

Jesus Christ; qlhtoka, Chisqs Kilaist
jet, lusa

Jew; Chu, Chu hatak
jewel, haksobish takali

484

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

jeweler, haksobish takalikbi

jewelry, haksobish talcali

Jewess, Chu ohoyo

Jewish, Chu

Jewish nation or people, Chu okla

Jewish synagogue, Chu okla imaboha-
hauta

Jewish temple, Chu okla imabohahanta

jewsharp, taluskula

jig, tuklohila

jig, to; tuklohilahila

jingle; ola, samahachi

jingle, to; ola, olachi, sqmahqchechi, sa
mahachi

jingler, olachi

job, 1onksqli

jobber, toksqli

jockey, isuba itatoba

jocose; atuklakafa, ituklakafa, yopula

jocular; yopula, yopula shall

jocund, yukpa

jog, a; chikinha, tobli

jog, to; chikinha, tobli

jog on, to; salahat anya

jogger; salahat anya, tobli

joggle, to; winnalichi

joggled, winnakachi

join, to cause one to; ibafokichi

join together, to; acha^ka, achakalechi,
achakqli, afama, apeha, asitia, auaya,
auayqchi, aba anumpuli ibafoka, aba
anumpuli ibafoki, halalli, halqllichi,
ibafoka, ibafoki, ibqlhkaha

joined; achaka, halalli, ibafoka

joiner; chukikbi, iti shanfi,

joiner's bench, iti asha^fa

joiner's horse, iti ashanfa

joint; achakli, aiitqchaka, ibafoka, itq-
chaka, itqchakqchi, naksish, tilokqchi

joint, at the; takofa

joint, to; nibli, nipaffi

joint, to get out of; talofa

jointed; nipa, nipall

joist; bachali, iti bachoha

joke; atuklakafa, lushka, yopula

joke, to; atuklakafa, isht oklushi, ituk
lakafa, lushka, lushkqchi, yopula

joker; hatak yopuJa, isht yopula, itukla
kafa, lush Jca, nan lushka, yopula

joker, a great; hatak yopula shali

joking, ituklakafa

jolly, y iik pa shali

jolt, winnakachi

jolt, to; winnalichi

jolted, winnakachi

jolter, winnalichi

jostle, to; isso, tobli

jot, iskitinisi

jounce, to; winnalichi

jounced, winnakachi

journal, nitak moma holisso

journey; noiua, nowat anya

journey, to; akkahikatanya, ibaianya,

noiva, nowat anya
jovial, yopula shali
jowl, nutakfa
joy; aiyukpa, ayukpa, na yukpa, na yuk-

pali, yukpa

joy, to; yukpa, yukpalechi, yukpali
joyed, yukpa
joyful, yukpa

joyful heart, chunkash yukpa
joyful man, na yukpa
joyous, yukpa
Judea, Chu yakni

judge; apesa, hatak nan apesa, nan apesa
judge, to; anukfilli, apesa, mihachi
judged; qlhpesa, alhpisa
judgment; anumpa alhpisa, alhpisa,

imanukfila, nan alhpisa, nan alhpisa

chinto
judgment, day of; nan alhpisa nitak,

nitak nana alhpisa chito
judgment, place of; aiapesa
judgment seat, abmilit nan apesa
judicious, hopoksia
jug; akuhish, lukfi kotoba, yaklash
jug, earthen; yakolush
juggle, to; isht ahollo ilahobi, haksichi,

yopisa, yopisachi

juggler; haksichi, isht ahollo ilahobi
jugular vein, issish inhina chito ikonla

bachaya
juice, okchi

juicy; okchilaua, walo^chi
July, Chulai
jumble, to; aiyokomi
jumbled, aiyokoma
jump; 7nalli, tolupli
jump, to; qbanqbli, hatonchi, hatonli,

hatulli, mqlli, tolupli, tulli
jump, to cause to; hatullichi, toluplichi
jump over, to; qtanapoa, qtanapoli
jump over, to cause to; qtanapolechi
jumper; hatonchi, hatonli, hatulli, nialli,

tolupli
junction; aiitafama, aiitibafoka, aiitisc-

tqli, itibafoka

BYtNGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

485

junction of creeks or streams; aseti-
lechi, bok aiitisetili, bok itqhnoli

June, Chuni

junior; inhimmak, nakfish

just; aianli, anli, alhpesa, ba, bilinka,
himona, peh

just, the; hopoyuksa

just grown, himona hofanti

just now, himonasi

just raised, himona hofanti

justice, aianli

justifiable, alhpesa

justification; qlhpisa, kashofa

justified; aiqlhpiesa, alhpesa, kashofa

justifier; apepoa, alhpesachi, kashoffi

justify, to; achchukmali, alhpesachi, ka-
shoffi

justly, alhpesa

jut, to; kucha takanli

kaw, ola

keen; achunanchi, chilita, halupa, ha-

lupoa

keen eye, nishkin halupa
keenness; chilita, halupa
keep, to; halqlli, holitobli, ilhpitachi,

imansha, ishi, inshi, pelichi
keep a jail, to; aboha kallo apistikeli
keep back, to; ishi
keep company, to; ahinna
keep holy, to; holitobli
keep house at, to; achuka
keep on, to; ma^ya
keep still; lumat ansha, samanta
keeper; aboha kallo apistikeli, apesqchi,

inhikia, imansha
keg; itqlhfoa, italhfoushi
keg of powder, hituk aiqlhto
ken, apisali
ken, to; pisa
kennel; nam poa inchuka, ofanusi, ofi in-

chuka

kennel, to; ansha, nusi
kentle, iveki talepa achafa
Kentucky, Uski anu^ka
kept, imalama
kerchief, nantapqski ialipa
kernel; nihi, nipi, uksak nipi
kernel, coffee; kqfi nihi
kettle; asonak, iyashushi, mahaia, shuti,

shuti ansha

kettle, iron; shuti iyasha
kettle bail, asonak atakali
key, isht tiwa

keyhole, isht tiwa chiluk

kick, habli

kick, to; habli, hqli, vashana

kicked, hqla

kicker, habli

kid, isi kosomushi

kid, to; cheli, isi kosomushichcli

kidnap, to; hatak hunkupa

kidnaper, hatak hunkupa

kidney meat, haiiji^hchi nipi

kidneys, haiyfohchi

kill, to; abi, qbi, obit tali, ebi, hatak qbit

tali, illichi, ishbi, tali
kill birds, to; hush abi
kill by lightning, to; hiloha qbi
kill in water, to; okokqbi
kill timber, to; iti chant qbi
kill with rust, to; alaknqbi
killdee, okchuns
killed by lightning, hiloha qbi
killer; qbi, nan qbi
killing, qbi
kiln, aionshobolichi
kiln, board; iti bqsha ashila
kiln, brick; lukfanuna
kin, itinkanomi

kind; achukma, hqlhpa^sha, imoklaya, kana
kind, a; aiachqfa, kaniohmi
kind-hearted, itinkana
kindle, to; lua, oti
kindled; libbi, lua, oti, ulhti
kindHng wood, oti

kindness; hatak inkana, hqlhpansha, kana
kindred; hatak inkanohmi, holba, itinka-

nomi, kanomi
kine; wak, wok tek
kine, young; wak tek himmeta
king, minko

king of heaven, aba mi^ko
kingdom; apelichi, apelichika, minko ape-

lechika afullota, minko apelichi, minko

apeliechika, pelichika, yakni
kingdom of heaven, aba apelichika
kingdom of Jehovah, Chihowa apilie-

chika

kingless, minko ikimiksho
kingly; 77iinko, ahalaia, minko chohmi
king's evil, chilanli
king's evil, to cause the; chilanlichi
kink, shqna
kink, to; shqna
kinked, shqna

kinsfolk; itinkanomi, kanomi
kinsman, aiisht atiaka

486

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4G

kiss, to; impunsa, impu™spoa,

soiua, sunksoiva

kitchen; aboha ahoponi, ahoponi
kitchen maid, ohoyo Tioponi
knab, to; kobli
knack, imponna
knag; filamminchi, pfakshi
knapsack, bahta
knave, hatak haksi
knavery, haksichi
knavish; haksa hinla, haksichi shall
knead, to; yamaska, yamasli
knead in, to; ayamasli
kneaded, yammaska
kneading tray or trough; ayamaska,

paska ayamaska
knee, iyin kalaha
knee, cypress; shankolo itibbi
knee deep, iyin kalaha ali
kneecap, iyin kalaha wishakchi
knee-high, iyin kalaha ali
knee-joint, iyin kalaha itachakalli
kneepan; iyin kalaha, iyin kalaha wi
shakchi
kneel, to; hachukbilhka, hachukbilepa,

hachumbilhka

kneel, to make; hachukbilhkachi
kneeler, hachukbilepa
knife, bgshpo

knife, chopping; nipi isht chanya
knife, drawing; shafa
knife blade, bashpo
knife-handle, bashpapi
knit, tanna
knit, to; tana
knitted, tanna
knitter; nan tanna, tana
knob; ahalalli, ponkshi, tibikshi
knock; kabak, kabakachi, kabuk, kama-

kachi, kobak, kobokachi, kobuk, komo-

kachi
knock, to; aboa, isso, kobolichi, komoha,

koni olichi, sokunha
knock off, to; mokafa
knocked, kobokachi
knocker, isso
knoll, bokko
knop; bikbina, lohboachi
knot; ashekonoa, ashckonopa, atalakchi,

itashekonompa, itasheponopa, itasheko-

nowa, iti naksish, naksish,

tibikshi

knot, large round; iti tikbi
knot, to; ashckonoachi, ashekonobli

knot on the side of a tree, ponkshi

knotted, nukshiah

knotty; naksish laua, pompokachi, pom-
poki

know, to; akostininchi, anukfohka, chish-
ba, ikhana

know about, to; aiakostininchi

know nothing, to; imanukfila iksho

knower, ikhana

knowing, ikhana

knowledge; aiikhana, aiithana, anukfoh
ka, ikhana, nan ithana

knowledge, to give; nukfokechi, nuk-
foki

knowledge of, having; anukfohka

known; anoa, ikhana, ikhana

known by, oktani

knuckle, ibbak ushi itachakalli

knuckle, to; issa

knurled; naksish laua, shochoha

knurly; shachoha, shochoha

Kunshaws, Kunsha

label, hochifo

label, to; hochifo takalichi

labeled; hochifo, hochifo takali

labor; nan toksali, pilesa, tonksali

labor, a day's; nitak holhtina tonksali

labor, to; alia eshachfo inpalammi, pilesa,

pilesachi, toksali
labor with, to; ibatonksali
laborer; hatak na pilesa, hatak tonkscili,

na hollo tonksali, nain pilesa, pilesa,

toksali

laborious; achiba, ahchiba, toksali fehna
lace; folota, infolota
lace, a; isht talakchi
lace, to; infolota ikbi, takchi
lace the chest, to; chunuko takchi
laced; infolota, talakchi
lacerate, to; lilaffi
lacerated, lilafa
laceration; lilafa, lilajji
lack, ona

lack, to; ikimiksho, laua, ona
lackey, tishu
laconic, tilofa

lad; (ilia nakni, hatak himmita
ladder, atuija
lade, to; fohki, shapulcchi
l&dedjfohka
laden, shapoli
lading; aUifo,fohka, shapuli
ladle; isht kafa, lokush, nakabila

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

487

ladle, to; takli

lady, ohoyo

lady, old; ohoyo sipokni

lag, to; sqlahqt anya

laid across; abqnkqchi, abqnni, qbana,

qlbqna, okhoata

laid at the side; apata, aputkqchi
laid down; akkakaha, akkalipia, qlhkaha,

kaha

laid in a line; bachaya, bachoha
laid in rows, bqshkqchi
laid off; bachaya, chula
laid on, qlhpohomo
laid up in a crack, kafoli
lair, nam poa anusi
lake; haiyip, hohtak, okhqta
lamb; chuhfalhpoyushi, chukfushi
lamb, to; chukfushicheli
Lamb of God, Chihowa inchukfqlhpo

yushi

lamblike, chukfushi holba
lame; chushukli, hanali, imomokpulo, iyi

hotupa, kinqfha, kinqfkali
lame, the; imomokpulo
lame, to; iyihotupali
lamely, iyi hotupa chohmi
lameness, iyi hotupa
lameness, a; imokpulo
lament, to; nukhanklo, yaiya
lament with, to; ibanukhanklo
lamentable, nukhanklo
lamentation; ayaiya, nan illqsha, nuk
hanklo

lamenter; isht nukhanklo, isht yaiya
lamenting, isht yaiya
lamp; bila pqla, pqla
lampas; noti itqlbakchi chito, nutakba-

lankchi offo

lampblack, tiak shoboli tulak
lamp-post, pqla aionhikia
lance, na halupa
lance, to; lumpli
lanced, lumpa
lancet; issish isht kuchi, isht lumpa, shak-

ba isht lumpa

lancet, spring; shakba isht inchanya
land, yakni

land, a tongue of; yakni bikeli
land, bad; yakni okpulo
land, bottom; okfa pqttasqchi
land, cultivated; yakni atoksqli
land, fallowed; yakni patafa
land, fertile; yakni achukma
land, flat; okfa pqttasqchi, yakni pataiya

land, furrowed; yakni patafa

land, good; yakni achukma

land, his; yakni

land, low; okfa pqttasqchi

land, plowed; yakni bqsha

land, sections of; yakni chula

land, surveyed; yakni chula

land, the edge of the; yakni all

land, the end of the; yakni all

land, to; ataioha, ataiya, kucha, kuchichi

land, to bring to; ataiohqli, ataiyali

land, to let out; yakni impota

land, to rent; yakni impota

land, to run off; yakni chuli

land, to survey; yakni chuli

land, wild; yakni atoksqli

land flood; okchito

land in sections, to lay off; yakni chuli

land laid off; yakni chula

land speculator, yakni chumpa

land that extends into the sea, yakni

okhqta chito pit shamqli
landed; ataiya, kucha
landing; aiataia, ayataia, akucha, ataioha,

ataiya, peni ataiya

landing, brought to the; ataioha ,
landmark, yakni qlhpisa hikia
land's end, yakni aiqli
landscape, yakni apisa qli
lane, hina ikpqtho

lane between stakes, holihta itintckla
language, anumpa
language, bad; anumpa okpulo
language of white men, na hollo im-

anumpa

languid; intakobi, kota, liposhi, tikabi
languidness; intakobi, kota
languish, to; bqshi, tikabi
languish, to make; liposhichi
languisher; bqshi, kota
languor; kota, liposhi, tikabi
lank, lapushki

lantern; pqla afoka, pqla inchuka
lap, iyubi pakna
lap, to; alatali, apolomi, oklqbbi, opita-

moli, takli

lap of a legging, wehta
lap over, to; aiopitama, hqlapoli, opi-

tqmmi, n:qlapolih
lapis, tali

lapped; opitama, opitamoa
lapper, oklqbbi
lapping, oklqbbi
lapse, ashqchi

488

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

lapstone; alallichi, icak hakshup alallichi

larceny, hunkupa

lard; shukha bila, shukha nia

lard, to; niachi

larded, nia

larder, aboha inpaiasha

large; aiaka, qffekomi, chito, chitoli, ho-

cheto, ishto, laua, patasah, pqtha
large, to cause to be; hochetochi
large and round, tokumpa
large when others are small, achinto
largely, chito
largeness, chito
larger, a little; inshalakli
largess, ima
largest, inshaht tali
lark, shunlulo
lascivious; haksi, haui
lash; fahama, ishtfqma, isht lukata
lash, to; fqmmi, lukaha, lukalichi, takchi
lash on, to; atakchichi
lashed; fama, talakchi
lasher; fqmmi, lukalichi
lashing, lukaha
lass; alia tck, ohoyo himmita
lassitude; kota, tikabi
last; aiqli, aiisht aiopi, isht aiopi, kash
last, a; shulush atoba
last, to; anta

last among men, hatak wishakchi
last one, isht aiopi
lasting, bilia

latch; afacha, isht afacha, isht akamqssqchi
latch, to; afachali, afqshli
latched; afacha, afachali, afqshkachi, qlh-

fqsha

latchet, shulush isht talakchi
late; achiba, atqpa fehna, atqpa ont ia,

chash, cheki, hopaki, kash
lately; chekikash, kash
lateness, atqpa
latent; haiaka, luma
later, inhimmak
lateral, lapali
lath; abasa, qlbqsa, qlbqska
lath, to; abgsli
lathed, qlbqska
lather, pokpoki
lather, to; pokpokechi
lather, to make; vokpokcchi
lather box. isht ahchifa apokpokcchi
lather for shaving, isht ahchifa nashuka

ahqinmi
lathing, id qlbqsa

latitude, pqtha

latter, inhimmak

latterly, che.kusikash

laud, to; afehnichi, aiokpanchi

laudable, aiokpancha hinla

laudanum; ikhinsh ishkot nusechi, ikhinsh

nusechi

lauder, isht anumpuli
laugh, yukpa
laugh, to; yukpa

laugh, to cause to; yukpali, yukpqchi
laugh at, to; olalli
laughable, yukpa hinla
laughing, to be half; ibaklalanli
laughter, yukpa
launch, oka tobli
launch, to; oka tobli, pila
launch out, to; pit, takalechi
launderer; hatak nan achefa, nan achefa
laundress; nan achefa, ran achefa ohoyo,

ohoyo nan achefa
laundry, aboha nan aiachefa
laundryman, hatak nan achefa
laurel tree, iti chinisa
lave, to; ahchifa, yupi
laver; aiokami, aiyupi
lavish, isht yopomo shali
lavish, to; isht yopomo
lavished, isht yopomo
lavisher, isht yopomo
law; anumpa, anumpa qlhpisa, anumpa

kqllo

law, to become a; anumpa qlhpisa toba
law, written; anumpa qlhpisa holisso
law book; anumpa qlhpisa holisso, nan

qlhpisa holisso

lawbreaker, anumpa kobqjfi
lawful, qlhpesa
lawgiver, anumpa apesa
lawless; anumpa qlhpisa iksho, anumpa

qlhpisa kcyu
lawmaker; anumpa apesa, anumpa kqllo

ikbi
lawyer; anumpa nan qlhpisa isht qtta,

laya

lax, yohapa
lax, a; ikfia, ikfihcchi
laxative; ikfiachi, ikfihechi
laxity, ikfihechi
laxness, ikfihechi
lay, a; ataloa, kaha, kali
lay, to; boli, cheli, hokchi, isso, kali, nuk-

talalichi, patali
lay a plan, to; apesa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

489

lay across, to; abanali, abqnni, okhoa-

tali, okhoqlli

lay aside, to; naksika boli
lay at, to; aiashachi
lay back to the fire, to; alahkichi
lay crosswise, to; okhoatali
lay down, to; akkaboli, akkaJcali, akkali-

peli, ashachi, kahpuli, kali, tqshkichi
lay hold on, to; pit
lay in a row or line, to; bachali, bacholi
lay laths, to; abasli
lay low, to; akkachi
lay off, to; chuli
lay on, to; aiashachi, abanali, boli, on-

cheli, onochi, takalechi
lay on a stratum, to; qtanqbli
lay on the face, to; lipoli
lay on the hands, to; bitepa
lay on the neck or shoulder, to; aba
nali, iabqnnali, iabqnnalichi
lay out a road, to; hina apesa
lay over, to; abanali
lay the ribs of a roof, to; abasli
lay there, to; aiashachi
lay up, to; achukmat boli, atali
lay up seed corn, to; pehnqchi
lazaretto, imomokpulo aiasha
lazily, intakobi
laziness, intakobi
lazy; asanata, intakobi
lazy, to make; intakobichi
lazy man, hatak intakobi
leach, hituk chubi aholuya
leach, ash; hituk chubi ahoiya, hituk

chubi aholuya

leach, lye, hituk chubi ahoiya
leach, to; holuyqchi
leach tub, aholuya
lead, nald

lead, sheet; naki tapuski
lead, to; anya, halqlli, ilaueli, ilauetanya,

isht ia, pelichi, tikba heka
lead along, to; ilaueli
lead astray, to; haksichi, kqniachi
lead into sin, to; yoshobbi
lead off from, to; filqmmichi
lead out of the way, to; yoshobli
lead round, to; afolotowqchi
lead to, to; ona
leader; hatak pelichi, ilaueli, ilauet

pelicheka, pelichi, tikba heka
leader, military; hopaii
leading line, isuba ishtfullota
leads astray, one who; yoshobbi

leaf; hishi, iti hishi

leaf, dead; hqshtqp

leaf, fallen; hqshtqp

leaf, to; hishi toba

leafed, hishi toba

leafed out, hishi tobat taha

leafy; hishi chito, hishi laua

league; anumpa kqllo, apesa, i/i/n apesa

league, to; apesa

leagued, ibafoka

leak; chiluk, hoiya

leak, to; bichilli, hoiya, holuya, p [chilli

lean; chunna, ilbqsha, kofanto, kopipia,

nipi, shulla

lean, to; ataiyqchi, qtaya, waiya, u'aiyqchi
lean, to make; chunnqchi
lean against, to; ataiya, ataiyali
lean on, to; qtaiya, waiyahichi
leanness; chunna, nipi
leap; mqlli, tolupli
leap, to; qbanqbli, hatonchi, ilhkoli, mqlli,

tolupli

leap, to cause to; toluplichi, tullichi
leap over, to; qbanqbli, tanapoli, tanqbli
leap over, to cause to; tanqblichi
leap up, to; balakli
leaper; hatonchi, mqlli, tolupli
learn, to; holisso ithqna, ithana
learn, to cause to; ikhqnanchi
learn at, to; aiithqna
learn by practice, to; abqchi
learned; holisso ithana, ikhana
learned man; hatak imponna, hatak nan

ithana
learner; aiithqna, holisso ithqna, ikhana,

nan aiithqna, nan ikhana
learning, ikhana

learning, the means of; isht ikhana
lease, yakni pota
lease, to; impota
leash, isht talakchi
leash, to; takchi
least; isht aiopi, kqmomi, laue, moma,

moma iklauo
leather; na hakshup, tqlhko, wak hakshup

humma

leather, sole; wak hakshup humma
leather, to; fqmmi
leather, to make; tqlhko ikbi
leather, upper; icak hakshup lusa
leather dresser; tqlhko ikbi, irak hak
shup hummqchi
leave, to; ashachi, Jllqmmi, ibbak fohki,

ima, issa, kanchi, kqnia, kucha

490

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

leave a church, to; aba anumpuli iksa

kucha

leave off, to; aiissachi
leaved, hishi toba
leaven; paska isht shatammi, pqska isht

shatammichi, paska shatammichi
leaven bread, to; paska shatammichi
leavened, shatammi
leavened bread, paska shatammi
leaver, issa
leavings, atampa
lecherous, aiyushkami
lecture; anumpa, aba isht anumpa
lecture, to; anumpuli
lecturer, anumpuli
led horse, isuba shapuli
ledger, holisso
lee, chukbi

leech; halu^s, lasun, yalu^s, yasunla
leech, horse; halufls chito
leek, hatonfalaha

leer, to; akamaloli, akamalushli, nukoa
lees, lakchi
left; afabi, alhfabeka
left, a part; akolofa
left, a place; aiissa
left hand; afabeka, ibbak alhfabeka
left hand, on or to the; afabekimma
left hand, toward the; ibbak alhfabek

imma

left-handed; afabi, afabekimma
left-handed person, afabi
leg; api, iyapi, iyi api
leg bone; hulhkifoni, iyulhkifoni
leg of a stool, aiomanili iyi
legacy, ima
legal, alhpcsa
legalize, to; apesa
legate, anumpcshi
legation, hatak alhtoka
leggings; v/abiha, iyubiha
legible; haiaka, pisa hinla
legibly, haiaka
legion, laua

legislate, to; anumpa alhpisa ikbi
legislated, anumpa alhpisa
legislator; anumpa alhpisa ikbi, anumpa

kallo ikbi

legitimate; anli, inki ansha
leisure; a^shakba, nan isht atta ikimikslto
leisurely, salahat
lend, to; impota, pota
lend an ear, to; huponaklo
lendable, impota hinla

lender; impota, nan impota

lending, impota

length; ahekachi, ahheka, ahhekachi, fa-

laia, hof aloha
length of time, hopaki
lengthen, to; aiakachi, falaiachi, falaiat

ia, hofalohachi, shebli
lengthened, falaia
lengthwise; abaiyachi, ahekachi
lengthy; falaia, hof aloha
lenient, yohbi
lenity; 7iukhanklo, yohbi
leopard, koi chikchiki
leper; illilli okpulo, leplosi abi, liahpo abi

isht illi, liplosi abi, yosh
leprosy; illilli okpulo, leplosi, liahpo abi

isht illi, liplosi
lessee, ydkni pota
lessen, to; iskatanichi, iskitinichi, laue,

lauechi

lessened, iskitini
lesson; apisa, imaialechi
lessor, yakni impota
lest; keyukma, na, yoba, yobana
let; ashke, kia, kil
let, a; ataklama
let, to; ima, impota
let blood, to; issish inkuchi
let into the water, to; okachi, pit
let go, to; ia
let me; ak, lashke
let one have, to; ima
let us all, kiloh
let us all not, kiloh
lethargic, nusilhha
lethargy, nusifchna
letter, holisso

letter, small; holisso iskitini
letter, to; holissochi
letter bag; holisso aialhto, holisso inshuk-

cha

lettered, holisso
levee; noivat itanaha, sakti toba
levee, to make a; sakti ikbi
level; itilaui, matali, patasachi, patassa
level, to; anumpisachi, anompisachi, ma-

talichi, patasachi, patasalli, patashechi,

well

level, to make; itilauichi
level ground, yakni matali
leveled; itilaui, matali, patasachi, pa-

taskachi

leveler; itilauichi, patasachi
lever; isht of ana, isht ajhini, isht tono-

lichi, isht wakeli, iti isht tonolichi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

491

levied, itanaha

levity, shohala

levy, itanaha

levy, to; itqnnali

lewd; haksi, haui

lewdness; haksi, haui, lumanka

lexicon, a; tikshaneli

liable; hepulla, hinla

liar; aholabi, holabi, lushka

libel, anumpa chukushpa

libel, to; anumpa chukushpali

libeler, anumpa chokushpikbi

liberate, to; yuka issachi

liberated; yuka issa, yuka issachi, yuka

kucha

liberator, yuka issachi
liberty, yuka keyu
library, holisso aiasha
lice, is sap
license, imalhpisa
license, to; apesa
licentious; haksi, okpulo
lick; fahama, isso, lukfqpa
lick, to; fqmmi, holakshi
licker, holakshi

lid; ialipa, ishtinkqma, onlipa, umpoholmo
lid of a box, itombi onlipa
lie; holabi, lushka
lie, to; aholabi, akka itula, chiya, holabi,

itola, itula, itunla, lushka, talaia, taloha,

tonla

lie, to cause to; lushkqchi
lie about, to; kahat manya
lie across, to; qbana, qlbqna, okhoata
lie across, to cause it to; okhoatqchi
lie at the side, to; apata, apota, apotali
lie back to the fire, to; alahki
lie by, to; tonla
lie crosswise, to; okhoatakachi
lie down, to; akkakaha, akkakahqt aiasha ,

akkakahqt manya, akkalipia, akkalipkq-

chi, kaha, tqshki, tonla
lie down, to cause to; tqshkichi
lie face down, to; lipia
lie hard in the stomach, to; anukbikeli
lie hard on the stomach, to cause to;

anukbikelichi
lie in, to; shamoli

lie in a retired place, to; apotaka itola
lie in ambush, to; aiihchi
lie in courses, to; bachoha
lie in rows or lines, to; bachohqt manya
lie in wait for, to; aiihchi
lie in water, to; oka kaha

lie low, to; bilepa, lipkqchi

lie on, to; onitula, ontqla, onutuJa, tnl-

kanchi

lie on fire, to; itotonla
lie on the back, to; watalhpi
lie on the face, to; alipa, bilepa, Icjxi.

lipkqchi

lie on the side, to; alatkqchi, naksi
lie together, to; itqtonla
lien, qlhtoba
lieutenant; imanumpeshi, kqpitqni ima-

numpeshi
life; aiokchanya, ilhfiopak, nana okchanya

nana yukpa, okchanya
lif eblood, issish isht okchaya
lifeless, illi

lifetime, okchanya takla
lift, to; aba ishtia, ilefehnachechi, sholi
lift the head, to; akashchukali
lift up, to; akachakali, akachakalichi, aba

chakali, aba takalichi, takalechi, wakeH,

wakolichi
lifted, takali
lifted up, aba takali
lifter, sholi
ligament, isht talakchi
ligature, qlhfoa
light; anitanki, apisa, at.ohwikeli, atohu'i-

kinli, aba anumpa, hqshi, hqshninak

anya, ikhana, malqtha, nitak, nitanki,

okhisa, onna, onnat ininti, pal a, shum-

palali, tohbi, tohwikeli
light, the place of; atohu)ikqlinka
light, to; binili, oti, pqlali
light, to carry a; pqlali
light, to cause; tohyualichi
light, to give; tohwikeli, tohicikelichi
light, to have; tohwikeli
light, to make; shohqlachi
light color, hqtachi
light horse, isuba omanili tqshka
light-horseman; isuba omanili tqshka,

isuba ontqla tqshka
light in the sky, shutik hqta
light in weight, shohala
light-minded, imanukfila shanaioa
light off, to; akkoa
light upon, to shed; umpala
lighted; pqla, tohwikeli
lighten, to; hqshukmqlli, ikhananchi, ola

taklqchi, tohwikeli, tohwikelichi, yukpali
lighten in weight, to; shohqlachi
lightened, shohala
lightly, loma

492

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

lightness in temperament, imanuk-

fda shanaioa

lightness in weight, shohqla
lightning; hqshuk mqlli, malqtha
lightning, heavy; tasa
lightning bug, halba
lights, shilukpa
lightsome; tohwikeli, yukpa
lightwood, tiak
ligneous, iti osh toba
like, binka, chohmi, chomi, holba, laue,

minka, ohmi, yqmma
like, to; ahni, ahnichi, aiahninchi, anush-

kunna

like, to act or do; chohmi
like, to make it; chohmichi
like-minded; imanukfila achafa, imanuk-

fila itiholba
like that, yamohmi
like the other, hokola
likely; achini, chechik, chiishke, chik, hinla
liken, to; apesa, hobachi
likened; qlhpiesa, holba
likened to, alhpesa
likeness; holba, ohmi
likeness, to make a; ohmichi
likewise; aiena, ak, hak, yqmmak kia
liking, anushkunna
lily, lilli

limb; felqmi, felqmichi, iti naksish, nak-
sish, naksish filamoli, naksish filqm-
minchi

limb, to; nibli
limb cut off, nipafa
limb of the body, hanali
limber, walohbi
limber, to make; walohbichi
limbs, full of; washaloha
limbs, the four; hanalushta
limestone, rotten; talhpa
limit; aiali, qli
limit, to; aialichi
limitation, aiali
limited, aiali
limn, to; holissochi

limp, to; chahikcheli, chahikli, chilukli,
iachushukli, kinakkali, kinakli, kinqfha,
kinqftculi, shaioksholi, shaiukli, tabikli,
tabikli

limper; chahikcheli, chahikli } kinakkali,
khtakli, kinqfkali, shaiukli, tabikli, tq-
bikli

limpid, */> oJi ka la 1 i
linchpin; achunsha, iti chanaha afacha

linden; balup, panqshuk, pishqnnuk
line; aionholissochi, alanfa, qli, bachai/a,
hika, holisso iskitini, iti tila bachaya,
lanfa, ponoshqna, yikkowa
line, to; afohommi, alatali
Hne of thread, ponolushi
lineage; chukachqfa isht atia, isht atiaka
lined; afohoma, alata, alqtkqchi
linen; nafoka lumbo, na kqllo, nan tqnna

kqllo, ponokqllo, ponola
linen yarn, ponola
linguist; anumpa tosholi, anumpuli im-

ponna

lining; alata, anunka alata
lining, to put on a; alatali
link; itatakqli, itqtakqli
link together, to; takalechi, takolichi
linked; takali, takoli
lion, koi chito
lioness, koi chito tek
lip, itiqlbi

lips, thick; itukshibeli
lips closed tight or firm, having the;

itakmofoli

lips open a little, itakhauali
liquefied, bila
liquefy, to; bileli
liquid, oka

liquidate, to; atobbi, chilofa, hotina
liquidated; alhchilofa, qlhtoba, holhtena
liquor; na homi, oka, oka homi
lisp, to; isunlash illi
list, takchqka
list, to; achunli, hochifo ishi, hochifo

takali

listed, hochifo takali
listen!; ah, mah!

listen, to; afalqpa, haklo, haponaklo
listener; haklo, haponaklo, na haklo
listless, haklo
•literate, ikhana
litter, fimimpa
litter (brood); pelechi, ushi, shukhushi

pelechi achafa

litter (to ride on), iti qlbqsto
litter, to; ushi cheli
littered, fimimpa
little; chipunta, fehna keyu, iskitini,

kitinisi

little, very; kanomusi
little ones, chipota
littleness, iskitini
live; okchanki, okchanua

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

493

live, to; anta, atta, chuka, okchanki,

okcha^ya

live, to cause to; okchanyachi
live by, to; aiokchanya
live stock, alhpoa
livelong, falaia
lively; yiminta, yukpa
liver, salakha
living, okchanya
living creature; nan okchaya, nana ok-

chanya

living God, okchanya
living thing, nana okchanya
lizard; chilanwa, halanchilanwa, kalaki
lizard, black; yakni imafo
lizard, small; hashtap yuloli
lo, yaki

load; albiha, alhpitta, shapo, tukafa achafa
load (for a gun), ilhpita achafa
load, one; tanampo albiha achafa
load, to; fohki, shapulechi
load a horse, to; isuba shapulechi
loaded; alhpitta, fohka, shapo, shapoli
loader; nan apitla, shapulechi
loading, shall
loaf; palaska, paska
loaf of bread, paska chanaha
loan; impota, pota
loan, to; impota
loath, banna

loathe, to; chukyiweta, yuala
loathed, ahnichi
leather; shittilema, yuala
loathful, yuala hinla
loathsome; chukyiweta, skua, yuala hinla
lobe of the ear, haksobish walobi
locate, to; binilichi, talali
located; binili, taluli
lock; isht ashgna, luksi
lock, to; afacha, ashannichi, shannichi,

takali

locked; ashana, ashana, ashakachi
locust; hanwa, luislichi, ivasha, uashlichi
locust, honey; kati
lodge; aboha iskitini, alhtipo, takali
lodge, to; anta, anukfohka, binoli, fohki,

kinali, takalcchi

lodge in a room, to; aboha anuscchi
lodged; fohka, kinali
lodger; aiatta, hatak nowat anya
lodging; aboha, aiatta, anusi, topa
lodging out of doors, abina
lodging place, bina
lodging room, aboha anusi

loft; pihcha, wia

loftily, ilefehnachi

loftiness; chaha, ilefehnachi

lofty; chaha, ilefehnachi

log, iti chito tapa

log house; aboha itabano, chuka itabana

log of wood, toboshakchi

loin; chashwa nipi, inchashwa nipi

loiter, to; salaha, salahat anya

loiterer, salaha

loll, to; hahka, hakha

loll, to cause to; hahkachi

lone, ilap bano

lonely, ilap bano

lonesome; ashabi, palata

lonesome, to render; ashabichi

long; aiaka, falaui, ho/aloha, ho paid, na,

okshii/anli
long, to; banna
long, to make; hofaloli
long ago, hopaki kash
long and slender; fabaspoa, fabasfoa,

fabassa, fabassoa, fahko
long and slender, to make; fabassachi,

fahkochi

long enough, falaia, alhpesa
long way or time, hopaki
longer, falaia inshali
longer (as to time), hopaki inchali
longest, falaia inshat tali
longevity, sipokni
longing, banna
longitude, falaia
long-lived, nitak infalaia
look, to; ahahahni, ahoba, anukfdli, apis-

tikeli, hikia, hoponkoyo, pisa
look about, to; hopumpoyo, hopunayo
look after, to; hoyo
look after, to cause to; hoyochi
look for, to; hoyo
look here, yaki
look on himself, to; ilapisa
look out for, to; ahah imahni
look over, to; tepuli
look sidelong, to; afalapoa
look sideways, to; afalapoli
look through, to; afananchi, lopulli
looker; nam pisa, pisa
looker on; hatak yopisa, yopisa
looking-glass, apisa
lookout, hoponkoyo
looks; nashuka, pisa
loom; atqna, nana tanna
loon, okchala chito

494

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

loop, atakali

loose; litoa, miteli, mokofa, tilokgchi
loose and standing up, tilokachi
loose, to; hotofi, litoffi, shunfi
loose, to get; miteli
loosed; litoa, litofa, litofkgchi
loosely; ahah ahni iksho, kgllo kcyu
loosen, to; litofa, litoffi, litofkachi, yo-

habli, yohablichi, yohapa, yohapoa
loosened; litofa, yohapa, yohapoa
looseness, ikfia

looseness of the bowels, chula ishtabeka
lop, to; nacholi, nalichi
lope, to; yohapachi
lopped; jiachofa, nachoha
lopper; nacholichi, nachuffi, nalichi
loquacious, anumpuli shali
lord; an shali, chitokaka, hatak, hatak chito-

kaka, hatak hochitoka, inhatak, foshali,

ish toka hi , pc li( 'h i
lord, to; pclichi

Lord Jehovah, Chihowa chitokaka
lord of, immi

lordly; ilapunla, ilefehngchi
Lord's Supper, the; opiaka impa Chisgs

Klaist at apcsatok
lore, ikhana

lose, to; illi, lakoffi, kania, okpgni
loser; inkania, illi, imilli, kania
loss; inkania, imilli, imokpulo, kania
lost; illi, itamoa, kania, kgniachi, okpulo,

okpulot taha, tgmoa, yoshoba
lost man, hatak yoshoba
lot (drawn); nafuli halali, na shocli, na

shoclit ishi

lot (office), aialhtoka
lot (piece of ground); holihta, osapa,

yakni chula
lot, small; holihtushi
lot, to; hopcla, kgshkoli
lotion, isht ahchifa
loud, chi toli
loudly, chitolit
loudness, chi to
lounge, to; intakobi
lounger, intakoli
louse, ?.s.s-(/y;

louse trap, issgp isht. glbi
lousy; '/.s'.sr/y; laua } issgp likeli
love; holitobli, holitopa
love, to; achukma, ahnichi, anhollo, anush-

L'unini, asitia, gsseta, hiahni, holitobli,

inholitopa, inhollo, kashaha

love, without; hiahni iksho
loved, thing; nan inholitopa, nan inhoUo
loved by him; inholitopa, i^hollo
lover; anwhkunna, hiahni, holitobli, in.

hollo

lovers, mutual; itfahollo
lovesick, palata,
low; ala^lusi, akanli, akanlusi, akkanlusi,

glhchunna, chakapa, halatat taha, ilbgsha,

liposhi, makali, patasgchi, shippa, wak-

kalih

low (in music); akanlusi, chito
low, to; woha
low, very; akanlusi
low-down, akanlusi
low-spirited; imilhlah, liposhi
lower, to; akanli, akanluscchi, akka ia,

akkgchi, glhchunngchi, lotama, shippa
lower floor, akka itipatalhpo
lowest; akkafchna, moma
lowly, chunkgsh akkanlusi
lowness; akanlusi, makali
loyal,
loyally,
lubricate, to; halgsbichi
lubricated, halushki
lubricity, halushki
lucid, haiaka

Lucifer; fichik, chito, Setgn
luck, imaiygmohmi
lucky, imola
lucre, nan ilahanchi
ludicrous, yopula
lug, to; shalallichi
luggage; shapoireki, ircki
lukewarm, lahba
lukewarm, to make; lahbgchi
lull, to; chulosa, chulosgchi, nuktalali,

7iuktgla

lulled; chulosa, nuktgla
luller, chulosgchi
lumber, iti bgsha
lumber, to; aiyokomi
lumber house, aboha nana aiasha
lumber room; aboha nana aiasha, nana

aiasha
luminary; hgshi, hgshninak anya, tohwi-

kcli

luminous, tohwikeli
lump, lu/nbo
lump, to; itgnnali
lump of clay, lukjl lumbo
lumped, itgnaha

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONAKY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

495

lunacy, tasembo

lunar measurement, hqshninak anya isht

qlhpisa

lunatic, tasembo

lunatic, a; hatak tasembo, lunatik
lunatic asylum, hatak tasembo aiasha
lunch, impa iskitini
luncheon, impa iskitini
lung, shilukpa
lure; haksichi, nukpallichi
lure, to; haksichi , nukpallichi
lurk, to; apali, luma
lurking place, aluma
luscious, champuli
lust; aiyushkqmmi, nan nukpqlli, yush-

kqmmi
lust, to; aiyushkqmmi, nukpqlli, yush-

kqmmi

luster; shohmalali
lusty; chito, kqllo, kilimpi, lampko
luxate, to; talojfi, taloli
luxated; talofa, taloha
luxation; talofa, taloffi
luxuriant, wayafehna
luxuriate, to; wayafehna
lyceum; holisso aiithqna, holisso apisa
lye; hituk chubi holuya, hituk hoiya
lying, holabi

lying at the side, aputkqchi
lying crosswise, abqnkqchl
lying down; akkabilepa, kinali
lying in a row, bachaya, bqshkqchi
lying on, onutula
lying on the face, lipkqchi
lyre, alepa

maccaboy, hqbishkuchi

macerate, to; liposhichi, tikabichi

macerated, liposhi

machinate, to; apesa

"mackerel clouds", hoshontikilhkiki

mad; anukbqta, anukhobela, chukqchi, ha-

cho, holilqbi, nukhobela, nukoa
mad, to get; hashani/a
mad, to make; hashanyachi, nukhobe-

Iqchi

madcap; hatak nukoa shall, nukoa shall
madden, to; anukhobelqchi, nukoa, nu-

koqchi

maddened, nukoa
madder, nan isht hummqchi
made, toba

made, by whom; toba
made alive, okchanya

made his, immi toba

madhouse, hatak tasembo aiasha

madman; nukoa, nukoa shall

madness; anukbqta, anukhobela, nukoa,
tasembo

magazine; holisso, na halupa aiasha

maggot, chukanushi

maggoty, chukanushi laua

magi, hatak hopoyuksa

magic; fahpo, fappo

magician; fappuli, hatak fappo, hatak
fappoli

magisterial, ilefehnqchi

magistrate, nan apesa

magnanimity, imanukfila chito

magnanimous; imanukfila chaha, ima-
nukjila chito, imanukfila hopoyuksa

magnate, hatak chitokaka

magnetic needle, tali inlafehna

magnificent; holitopa, isht ahollo

magnifier, holitobli

magnify, to; aiokpanchi, chitolichi, ho
litobli, holitoblichi

magnitude; chito, holitopa

magnolia, kolaha

maid, ohoyo himmita

maid, serving; ohoyo tonksqli

maid, waiting; ohoyo nan inhoyo

maiden, ohoyo himmita

mail, holisso aiqlhto

mail, to; holisso shall fohki

mail a letter, to; holisso bahta chito
fohki

mail coach, if I chqnaha holisso shall

mailed, holisso shall foka

maim, to; imalechi

maimed; imaleka, imomokpulo

main; in shall, laua inshall

main body, inshali

mainly; in shall, moma chuhmi

maintain, to; imatali, ishi

maintained, imqlhtaha

maintainer; imatali, ishi

maintenance, aiimqlhtaha

maize, tanchi

majestic; chito, isht ahollo

majesty; chito, chitokaka, holitopa

major, inshali

major, a; minko iakaiya

major general, hopaii

majority; iklqtina atampa, inshali

make; ikbi, toba

make, to; atobachi, ikbi, llapisa, ishi,
lapisa, toba, tobachi

496

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

make (as money), to; ahauchi

make, to cause to; ikbichi

make a canal, to; okhina ikbi

make all, to; oklunhachi

make bank bills, to; holisso lapushkiikbi

make fun of, to; isht oklushi

make known, to; oktanichi

make mortar in, to; ayamasli

make much of, to; fehnachi

make of or from, to; atoba

make ready, to; atali

make run, to; tileli

make something, to; na fehnachi

make very much, to; oklunhali

make water, to; hoshu^wa

maker; ikbi, nan ikbi, nan tobachi

making, ikbi

malady; abcka, illilli

male; hatak nakni, nakni

malefactor, hatak yoshoba

malevolence, imanukfila okpulo

malevolent, imanukfila okpulo

malice; nukkilli, nukoa

malice, to bear; anukkilli

malicious; nukkilli, nukoa

malign; nukkilli, nukoa

malignant; nukkilli, nukoa

maligner, isht yopula

malignity, imanukfila okpulo

mall; anowa, iti isht boa

mallard, ha^khobak

malleable, shepa hinla

malleate, to; bot shebli

malleated, bot shepa

mallet; isht boa, iti isht boa iskitini, iti

isht boa ushi
mamma, hashki
mammon, imilayak
mammoth; nan isht ahollo, poa chito
man; hatak, hatak at, hatak nakni, nakni
man, a single; tekchi iksho
man, bad; hatak haksi
man, my; anhatak
man, one; hatak achafa
man, to; hatak hilechi
man-hater, hatak innukkilli
man-killer, hatak obit tali
man of mind, hatak imanukfila ansha
man pleaser, hatak yukpali
manacle, ibbak isht talakchi
manacle, to; ibbak takchi
manacled, ibbak talakchi
manage, to; apesa, apesachi, apistikeli,

kostininchi, nana kanihchi, pelichi

manager; apesa, apesachi, apistikeli, isht

atta, nan apesa, pelichi
manager of a funeral; hatak inminko,

hatak itinmiko

mandate; anumpa, i^miha
mandrake; fala imisito,fala intanchi
mane, chushak hishi
maned, chushak hishi ansha
manes, shilup
maneuver, to; apesa
manful, nakni
mange, ivashko
manger; aiilhpeta, aiimpa, isuba aiimpa

peni, iti peni, wok aiimpa
mangle, to; kisli, lilalichi, lilechi
mangled; lilafa, lilali
mangier, lilalichi
manhood; hatak ona, hatak toba
mania; nukoa, tasembo
maniac, hatak tasembo
manifest, haiaka
manifest, to; haiakachi
manifested, haiaka
manifestly, haiakat
manifold; ilaiyukali laua, laua
mankind; hatak, hatak okla
mankind, all; hatak moma
manlike, nakni
manlike, to render; naknichi
manliness, nakni
manly, nakni
manner; aiyamohmi, akanimi, kaniohmi,

katiohmi, yamohmi, yohmi
manner, to do after this; yakohmichi
mansion; aboha, aiasha, aiatta, chuka
manslaughter, hatak abi
mansuetude; honayo, kostini
mantelpiece, aba tola
mantle, anchi
mantle, to; anchichechi, anchichi, umpo-

holmo, umpohomo
mantua, ohoyo innafoka
mantua maker, ohoyo fonafoka ikbi
manual; holisso iskitini, ibbak isht tonk-

sali

manufactory, nana atoba
manufacture, to; ikbi
manufactured, alhpoyak toba
manufacturer; alhpoyak ikbi, ikbi, nan

ikbi

manufactures, alhpoyak
manumission, yuka issachi
manumit, to; yuka issachi
manumitted, yuka issa

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

497

manumitter, yuka issachi

manure land, to; yakni niachi

manured, wok inyalhki out ashachi

manuscript, holisso

many; aiyaka, akaieta, ayaka, kanomona,

laua, okla chito

many, as; laua kat kaniohmi
many, to do; lauachi
many times, lauafehna
map, yakni isht alhpisa holisso
maple, hard; chukchu chito
maple, soft; chukchu
maple sugar, chukchu hapi champuli
mar, to; okpani, okpanichi
maraud, to; hunkupat itanowa
marble, tali halasbi
marble, a; isht basto, tali lumbo
March, Macha

march; alepola, baiillit nowa, nowa
march, to; baiillichi
mare, isuba tek
mare, breeding; isuba ishke
mare, old; isuba ishke
margin; alaka, alapali, all, takchaka
margin of a river, okhina takchaka
margin, to; takchaka ikbi
marine, okhata aialhtaha
marine, a; tashka chipota peni a^sha
mariner, peni isht anya
maritime; okhata aiahalaia, okhata imma
mark; aialbi, alanfa, basosunkachi, basha,

iti tila, lanfa, laha, lahkachi, na lafa, tila
mark, to; ahni, bashli, haklo, holissochi,

lanfi, lali, lalichi, till
mark on the human body, tali lusa
marked; basha, chula, holisso, kalafa,

lanfa, lahkachi, tila
marked tree, iti tila
marker; bashli, holissochi, lanfi, na lanfi,

tili

marker of trees, nan tili
market; achumpa, aiitatoba, ilhpak akan-

chi, nana aiitatoba
market, to; itatoba
market house, aiitatoba chuka
marksman, hunssa imponna
marriage; itauaya, ohoyo ipetachi
marriage, to celebrate a; ohoyo ipe
tachi

marriage state, auaya
marriageable; auaya, auaya alhpesa,

auaya ona
married, auaya

married man; hatak awaya, itauaya
marrow; foni lupi, lupi
marrowbone, iyinchampko
marry, to; aiina, auaya, auayachi, halal-
lichi, ipetachi, itatuklo, itauaya, ohoyo
ipetachi

Mars, fichik homina
marsh, yakni labeta
marshal; nan apesa, pelichi
marshal, to; apesa, pelichi
marshy; labeta, labeta f oka
martial; nakni, tanap ahalaia
martin (a bird), chonki
martingale, isuba ikonla isht talakchi
martyr, apepoa
martyr, to; abi
martyrdom; apepoa, aba anumpa apiha

at illi

marvel, okokkoahni
marvel, to; anuklakancha, okokkoahni
marveled, nuklakancha
marvelous; inla, inla fehna, okokkoahni
masculine; chilita, kallo, nakni
mash, to; boshullichi, lisholili, lisholichi,

litoli, sholi

mashed; boshulli, lishoa, litoa
mason; lukfi nuna isht atta, lukfi nuna

pilesa
mass; hatak laua itanaha, itahoba, itan-

aha, laua

massacre, isikkopalit abi
massacre, to; chuka patali, isikkopalit

abi

massive, chito
mast; na way a, nusi
mast, a; kohta

mast of a ship, peni chito- fokotah
master; anshali, inshali, na hollo, nan
ithanachi, nan ithananchi, pelicheka,
pelichi

Master, our; pi^shali
master, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, ishalichi
master hand, imponna
master of an animal; impushnayo,

pushnayo

masterly, imponnat
masticate, to; hoa^sa, hopa^sa
mastiff, na holipafi
match; auaya, ichapa, itibbi, itishi, luaTc

isht ikbi
match, to; holba, ichabli, ichapa, icha-

poli, itilauichi
matched; auaya, ichapa, ichapoa, itilaui

84339°— Bull. 46—15-

:\-2

498

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

mate; ibaianta, ichapa, itichabli

mate, to; auaya, ichabli, ichapa, ichapoa,

ichapoli

mated; auaya, ichapa, ichapoa
material; nafehna, nana
maternal, ishki ahalaia
mates; ichapoa, itichapa
mathematics; naholhtina, nanaholhtina
matins, onnahinli aba inki imasilhha
matricide, ishki abi
matrimony, auaya
matrix, ushgtto
matron, ohoyo asqnonchi
matter; akaniohmi, aninchichi, kaniohmi
matter, a; nana
matter, to; aninchichi, nafehna
mattock; chahe iskifa, itakshish isht chanya
mattress, apatqlhpo
maturate, to; aninchichi
maturate, to cause to; aninchichechi
mature; aninchichi, asqno, kamqssa, nuna
matured; qlhtaha, nuna
maturely, fehna
maturity; asqno, qlhtaha, nuna
maul; isht boa, iti isht boa, nan isht boa
maul, large; isht boa chito, iti isht boa

chito

maul, to; bakaha, boli
maw, takoba

maxim; achi, amiha, na miha
May, Me

may; ahinla, hinla, na
may apple, fqla imisito
may be, fo
may have, ahinlatok
mayor, hatak tqmaha pelichi
maze, imanukfila laua
maze, to; imaiyokomichi
mazy, shanaioa
me; an, am, an, am, qno, la, sa, sam, san,

sq, sqm
meadow; hqshuk aiqmo, hqshuk abqsha,

okfa pqttasqchi

meager; chunna, ilbqsha, liposhi
meal, pushi
meal, a; impa

meal, coarse; bo ta lakchansha
meal, the evening; opiaka impa
mealtime, ait in pa ona
mealy, shila

mean; ahoba, iklqnna, makali
mean, the; iklqnnaka
mean, to; aJini, miha
mean, to render; makalichi

meander, to; polomoa, polomoli, polo-
molichi

meaning, miha

meanly, makali

meanness, okpulo •

means, akanimi

meantime, in the; ataklqchi

measles, chiliswa

measles, to be sick with the; chiliswa
abi

measurably, chohmi

measure; qlhpisa, isht qlhpisa, nan isht
apesa, oka isht qlhpisa

measure (regulation), kaniohmi

measure, a land; yakni isht qlhpisa

measure, a liquid; oka isht qlhpisa

measure, a quart; isht ishko chupak

measure, to; apesa

measure with, to; isht apesa

measured; qlhpesa, qlhpisa

measurement, apesa

measurer, apesa

meat; ilhpak, ilhpita, ilimp^., nan qpa,
nan ilhpak, nipi

meat, a piece of; nipi tushafa

meat, boiled; nipi honni, nipi labocha

meat, cooked; nipi honni

meat, cured or dried; nipi shila

meat, fresh; nipi okchanki

meat, rotten; nipi shua

meat, slices of; nipi tushali

meat, slices of fresh; nipi okchanki tu
shali

meat, stewed; nipi honni

meat ax, nipi isht chanya

meat barrel, nipi aiqlhto

meat beaten up in a mortar, nipi baha

meat bench, nipi abqshli

meat bin, nipi aiqlhto

meat cured and dried, chohpa

meat house, nipinchuka

meat market, nipi aiittatoba

meat trough, nipi aiqlhto

mechanic, nan ikbi

medal; tali hollo, tali inunchi

medal, a faced; tali hollo

medal for a chief, tali isht minko

meddle, to; ahalaia

meddler, ahalaia

meddlesome, ahalaia

mediate, to; apesa, nan aiyqchi

mediator; hatak nan olqbechi, itinnan
aiyqchechi, nan aiyqchi

medicament, ikhfash

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

499

medicine; ikhinsh, ishkinsh
medicine, a powdered; ikhinsh bota
medicine-man, alikchi
meditate, to; anukfilli
meditation; anukfilli, imanukfila
meditative, imanukfila fehna
medium, aiisht itintakla
meed, alhtoba
meek; anukhobela iksho, chunkash yohbi,

yohbi
meekness; chunkash yohbi, imanukfila

yohbi

meet, alhpesa

meet, to; afama, ahauchi, mokafa
meet at, to; aiitafama
meet in battle, to; amokafa
meet with, to; i^sannih
meeter, afama
meeting; abenili, aiitafama
meetinghouse; aianumpuli aboha han-

ta, aba anumpa aiisht atta, abai anum-

puli chuka

meeting place, aiitanaha
melancholy; chunkash akkalusi, imanuk
fila nukhanklo, nukhanklo, oklili
mellow; haiyinko, haksi, lapushki, nuna,

yaboboa, yabosha, yabushki, yabushli,

yatotoa, yatushki, yatushkoa
mellow, to; haiyinko, haiyinkuchi, nuna,

nunachi, yatushki, yatushkichi, yatush-

kuli

mellow, to make; yatushkichi
mellowed, lapushki
mellowness, lapushki
melody; ola achukma, taloa achukma
melt, his; intakashi
melt, to; abila, alhkomo, bila, bilcli, bile-

lichi, itobila, nukha^klochi, okomuchi
melted; bila, itobila, nukhaflklo
melter; bileli, okomuchi
melting, itobila
member; hanali, ibafoka
membership, ibafoka
memoir, isht anumpulit holissochi
memorable; ikhana alhpesa, ikhanafehna
memorial, isht ikhana
memory; aiithana ali, imanukfila, isht

ikhana

men; hatak ashosh, okla
men, all; hatak hikia puta
men of war, hatak tanap a^ya
menace, miha
menace, to; miha
menagerie, poa aiasha

mend, to; achukmalechi, aiiskiali, aiskia-
chi, ahdli, apoksia, kanihmi, kanihmit ia

mended; achukma, aiskachi, aiskia, apok
sia, alhkata, kanihmi, kanihmit taha

mender; aiskiachi, akalli

menses; hashi alhpisa, hollo

menstruate, to; hollo

mensuration, apesa

mental; imanukfila, imanukfila ahalaia

mention, anumpa

mention, to; anoli, anumpuli

mentioned; anoa, anumpa

mercenary, ilhtohno

merchandise; alhpoyak, ila^yak, imila-
yak, itatoba, nan alhpoyak

merchant; hatak nan chumpa, itatoba, na
kanchi, nan chumpa

nj.ercies, nukhanklo

merciful; hiahni, nukhanklo

merciless, nukhanklo iksho

mercy; imanukfila nukhanklo, innukhan-
klo, nan innukhanklo

mere; bano, beka, bieka

merely; ba, bano, beka, bieka, ilia, peh,
pilla

merely sitting, peh ansha

merge, to; oklobushlichi

meridian; tabokoa, tabokoli

meridian, to reach the; tabokoa, tabo
koli

merit; alhtoba, holitopa

merit, to; asitabi

merry, yukpa

mess, ilhpak tola achafa

mess, to; impa

message; anumpa, anumpa anya

message, a verbal; anumpa kochanli

message, to carry a; anumpa isht anya,
anumpa shali

message, to hear a; anump imeshi

messenger; anumpa isht anya, anumpa
shali, anumpeshi, hatak anumpa isht
anya

Messiah, alhtoka

messmate; ibaiimpa, impa, itibaiimpa

metal, tali

metal, precious; tali fehna, talukchi

metal, white; talihata

metaphor, isht alhpisa

mete, ali

mete, to; apesa

meteor; fichik heli, fichik hika, palampa

method, aiyamohmi

methodize, to; apesa

500

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

mettle, imanukfila

mew, to; ya^wa

mewing, yanwa

mid, iklanna

midday; nitak iklanna, tabokoa, tabokoli

middle; aiiklgna, aiiklgnaka, iklanna, ik-

Ignnaka

middle age, near to; kauashgchi
middle-aged, kauasha
middle place, aiiklgnnanka
middling, iklanna
middling, the; shukha pgsa
middling old, chikki
midheaven; shutik iklanna, tabokoli
midnight; ninak iklanna, tabokoli
midriff; alaka, ilapa, imalaka, inwglwa
midst; iklanna, iklgnnaka
midst of days, nitak chakpa
midsummer, toffah iklanna
midway, iklanna
midwife, ohoyo alia eshi apistikeli
midwinter, hgshtula iklgna
mien, pisa
might (potential); ahinlatok, ahinlaluk,

hinlatuk

might (power); aianli, kallo, kilimpi
might have been, lie
mightily, fehna
mighty; aianlika, chito, fehna, kallo, ki-

limpi, lampko, palgmmi
mighty work, na fehna
migrate, to; wihat any a
migration, iciha
milch; bishahchi, wishahchi
mild; nitanki, shohmakali, yohbi
mild, to make; yohbichi
mildew; fichak champuli, fichak kashanha,

toshoba
mildew, to; toshbichechi, toshbichi gm-

mona

mildness, yohbi

mile; isht alhpisa, koi, yakni isht alhpisa
mile, English; na hollo inkowi
milepost, koi isht ikhana
milestone, koi isht ikhana
militant, itibbi
military, tgshJca chipota
military ornaments, tashkn chipota isht

shcma

militia, tgshka chipota
milk, pishitkchi

milk, coagulated; pishukchi walasha
milk, cow's; irak pishukchi

milk, sour; pishukchi hauashko, pishuk
chi homi, pishukchi kaskaha, pishukchi
sunkko

milk, thick; pishukchi sunkko

milk, to; bislichi, bishlichi, wishlichi

milk pail, abishlichi

milk pan, pishukchi aiglbiha

milk shelves, pishukchi ataloha

milk strainer, pishukchi ahoiya

milked, bishahchi

milker, bishlichi

milkmaid, ohoyo bishlichi

milkman, hatak pishukchikanchi

milkweed, nuchi

milky; pishukchi a™sha, pishukchi holba

milky way, the; ofi hasimbish inhina, oft
hgta kolofa, ofi tohbi inhina

mill; abasha, afotoha

mill, grist; afotoha

mill, to; fotoli

mill horse, isuba tansh fotoli

mille, talepa sipokni

millennium, the; afgmmi talepa sipokni
achgfa

miller; fotoli, na fotoli, tanshfotohli

milliner, ohoyo inshqpo ikbit kanchi

million, talepa sipokni talepa sipokni

milt; ilapa, takgshi

mimic, a; hobachi

mimic, to; hobachi, hobachit anumpuli

mimicker, hobachit anumpuli

mince, to; tushalichi

minced, tushali

mind; anukfila, imanukfila

mind, to; haklo, imantia

mind of man, hatak imanukfila

minded; ahni, anukfila, bgnna

mindful; ahah ahni, haklo, ikhana

mindless; anukfilli, haklo, imahaksi

mine; ammi, gno

mine, a; tali aiasha, yakni kuhi

mine, to; yakni kula, yakni kulli

mine, to become; gmmi toba

mineral, tali

mingle, to; aiyuma, aiyummi, ashuma,
ashummi, ibglhto

mingled; aiyuma, ashuma

mingler, ashummi

minister; aba anumpuli, imanumpcshi.
inshali nan isht imgtta, nan glhtoka

minister, to; gtta, imatali, ipeta

ministered, imglhtaha

minor, laua

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CITOCTAW LANGUAGE

501

minor, a; asqno

minstrel; olachi, taloa

mint, tali holisso aiakmo

mintmaster, tali holisso aiakmo intqla

minuet, hila

minute; holisso, hopaJci achafa

minute, one; himonasi achafa

minuted, holisso

miracle; aiisht ahollo, isht ahollo

miracle, to perform a; aiisht ahollochi,
isht ahollo

mire; haiyinko, lukchuk, labeta, labishko,
lafeha, lafeta, latinko, latimo

mire, to; lukchuk okakqnia, oka kqnia,
oka kqniachi

mire, to make; haiyinkuchi

mirror, apisa

mirth, yukpa

miry; haiemo, haiyinko, lukchuk chito, la-
beta, labishko, lachopa, lafeha, lafeta,
latinko, latimo, oklachanko, oklachinko,
oklanshko

miry, being-; labinta

miry, made; haiyinko

miry, to make; haiemuchi, labetqchi, la-
fetqchi, latinkuchi, latimuchi, oklansh-
kochi

misbehave, to; hopoksia

miscarriage, ona

miscarry, to; aiona

mischief, isht afekommi

mischief, to cause; isht akanohmechi

mischievous; acheba, afekommi, qffekomi,
isht akanohmi, isht afekommi

mischievous, to make; afekommichi

miscount, to; ashachi

miser, hatak nan inhoUo

miserable; ilbasha, isikkopa

miserably, ilbasha

misery; aiilbqsha, aleka, ilbasha, isik
kopa, kommichi, nukhqmmi

misfortune, imaleka

misfortune, to cause; poafachi

misgive, to; nukwia, yimmi

misguide, to; yoshobbi, yoshobli

misguided, yoshoba

misimprove, to; okpqni

misinterpret, to; anumpa tosholi asha
chi, ashqchit tosholi

misjudge, to; ashqchit anukjilli, ashqchit
apesa

mislay, to; ashqchit boll

mislead, to; haksichi, yoshobbi

misleads, one who; yoshobbi, yoshobli

misled, yoshoba

mismanage, to; ashqchit isht qtta
misname, to; ashqchit hochifo
misremember, to; imahaksi
misrepresent, to; ashqchit anoli, holabit

anoli

miss, ashachi
miss, to; ahaksichi, ashachi, imahaksi, la-

koffi, yoshoba
missed, lakojfi

misshapen; imomokpulo, okpulo
missing; ashachi, iksho, lakoffi
missionary, aba anumpuli
mist; okshimmi, oktohbi
mist, to; okshimmichi, okshiplichi, okto-

boha, oktoboli, oktobolichi, okwotummi
mistake; aiashqchi, aiashqchika, ashachi,

nan ashqcheka
mistake, to; ashachi, ashqchit anukfdli,

ashqchit ishi

mistake, to make a; aiashqchi
mistaken; ashachi, chikimba
mistaker, ashachi
mistletoe, fqni shqpha
mistranslate, to; anumpa tosholi ashq-

chi

mistress, ohoyo chuka pelichi
mistress, school; ohoyo holisso pisachi
mistrust; ahah ikahno, nukwia
mistrust, to; nuktqla, nukwia
misty; oktohbichi, yauinyaui
misuse, to; okpqni
mite; nana iskitinusi, shushi iskitini
miter, minko imiachuka
mitigate, to; nuktalali, shippqli
mitigated, nuktqla
mitigation, nuktqla
mitten; ibbak abeha, ibbakfoka
mix, to; aiyobali, aiyuma, qiyummi, ala-

tali, ashuma, ashummi, ayamqsli, iba-

foki, ibakaha, ibakali, ibani, ibqlhkaha,

kali, yqmmichi
mixed; aiyuma, alanta, ashuma, qlhto,

ibafoka, ibakaha, ibqlhto, ibqlhkaha, ok-

tababi, yqmmqska

mixed, to cause to be; ibakahachi
mixer; ashummi, ibafoki, ibakali, ibani,

itaiyumi
mixture; ashuma, ibakaha, ibqlhto, ita-

biha, itaiyuma, itashuma, itibafoka, iti-

bqlhkaha, itibqlhto, nana itaiyuma
moan, to; kifaha, nukhanklo, yaiya
moat, yakni kula tqmaha apakfopa
moat, to; yakni kullit tqmaha apakfobli

502

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

mob, hatak laua itanaha

moccasin; shaui imanchaha, shulush

moccasin snake, chunasha

moccasin snake, pied; shaui imanchaha

mock, hobachi

mock, to; ahoba, hobachi, hobachit anum-

puli, isht uklakafa, olglli, opoma, yim-

michi, y opoma
mocker, hobachit anumpuli
mockery, hobachi
mocking bird, hushi bglbaha
mode; ait/gmohmi, ygmohmi
model; aiakmi, isht glhpisa
model, to; apesa
moderate, alhpcsa

moderate, to; chulosa, chulosgchi, nuk
talali, nuktala

moderated; chulosa, nuktala
moderately; chohmi, sglahat
moderation; chulosa, nuktala
moderator; halak itanaha pelichika, nuk-

talali, pclicheka
modern, himak
moderns, the; hatak himaka
modest; kostini, nuktanla, takshi
modesty, imanukfila nuktanla
modified, inlat toba
modify, to; inlachi, nuktalali
moiety, iklanna
moist; anukyohbi, hokulbi, hotokbi, Igcha,

okyohbi, shgchakgmo, shingsbi, shinisbi,

shummi

moist, to make; shinisbichi
moist in the mouth, to be; itaklalgshli
moisten, to; anukyohbichi, hokulbichi,

hotokbichi, lachali, shummichi
moistened; anukyohbi, lacha, shummi,

yukabi

moisture, shummi
moisture, to cause; shinisbichi
moisture on the flesh, shinisbi
molasses, hgpi champuli okchi
mold, hakbona

mold, to; akkoli, hakbongchi, shakbongchi
mold anew, to; atuklant akmichi
molded; glhkoha, hakmo
molded anew, atuklant akmi
moldy; bokboki, hakbona, shakbona
mole; tali lusa, yulhkun
molest, to; anumpulcchi, apistikeli
mollify, to; nuktalali
molt, to; boyafa, boyajfi, lonjfi, tikafa,

wuklo
molted, boyafa

moment, yakosi ititakla

momentary, yakosi ititakla

monarch, minko

monarchy, apclichika

Monday, nitak hollotuk onna

money, tali holisso

money, paper; tali holisso tapuski

money, purchase; tali holisso isht
chumpa

money, silver; tali holisso

money, to coin; tali holisso ikbi

money box, tali holisso aiglhto

money changer, tali holisso itatoba

money drawer, tali holisso aiglhto

money purse, tali holisso aiglhto

money purse, to put into a; tali ho
lisso inshukcha foki

moneyed, tali holisso inlaua

mongrel, iklanna

monitor; inmiha, miha

monkey; hatak shaui, shaui hatak

monster; haknip inla, hatak okpulo, im-
omokpulo

monstrous; inlafehna, okpulo

month, hgshi

month, one; hashi achgfa

month, this; himak hgshi

monthly; hgshi achgfakma, hgshi moma

monument, nan isht ikhana

monumental record, isht ikhana

moon; hgshi, hgshi ninak anya, hqshninak
anya

moon, one; hgshi achgfa

moon, the full; hgshi bolukta

moon, the new; hgshi himmona, hgshi
himmona talali, hgshi himo auata, hgshi
talali

moon, the old of the; hgshi loshuma

moonlight; hgshninak anya tohwikeli, ni
tak omi

moonshine; hgshninak anya tohwikeli,
nitak omi

moor; kunshak ansha, oklanshko

mop, nan isht kasholichi

mop, to; kasholichi

moral; hopoksia, kostini

moral man; hatak glhpesa, hatak kostini

morality, hopoksa

morah'ze, to; hopoksiachi

morbid, liposhi

more; akucha, atampa, himakma, inshali,
moma

more, being a little; in-shalakli

more than one, achgfa atampa

BYIXGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

503

moreover; himakma, yqmohmikma

morn, onnahinli

morning; onna, onnahinli, onnahinli

fehna
morning- light; onnat minti, onnat okli-

linchi
morning light, the coming of; onnat

minti
morning light, the return of; onnat

oklinli
morning worship, onnahinli aba inki

imasilhha

morose; banshkiksho, nukoa
moroseness, nukoa
morrow, onnaha
morsel; qpa kitinisi, kitinisi
mortal; ilia hinla, illahe imma, isht ilia

hinla

mortal, a; hatak
mortal sickness, abeka okpulo
mortar; chuka isht qlhpolosa, isht qlhpo-

losa, lukfi yqmmqska
mortar, a; ahosi, kitti
mortar, meat; abaha
mortar, to make; lukji yamqska
mortar, wooden; abaha
mortification; hofahya, nip illit shua,

nipi shua
mortified; hofahya, kostini, nip illit shua,

nipi shua
mortify, to; hofahyqchi, kostininchi, nip

illit shua, nip illit shuachi
mosquito; chunkqsh qpa, hatak chunkqsh

qpa, isapu7itak

mosquito bars, isapuntak inchuka
mosquito hawk, haksobish anli
moss, tree; iti shumo
mossy, iti shwno laua
most; anhusi, fehna, lauainshali
most distant, intqnnqp
Most High, The; nana moma inshali
mote; hoshunluk, iskqtinosi, nana iski-

tinusi

moth; shunshi, shunshi nan tqnna qpa
mother; chishke, hqshki, ishki
mother (in vinegar), iikaha
mother-in-law; ippokni, ipochi ohoyo,

ipokni, ohoyo haloka
mother tongue, ishki imanumpa
motion; anya, ilhkoli, michik
motion, to be quick in; yilishachi
motive, ahni
mound; bokko, bunto, nqnih, nqnih bun-

to, yakni bunto

mount; bokko, nqnih, nqnih bunto, nqnih

chaha, onchqba chaha

mount, to; aba ishf ia, qbia, oiya, omanili
mountain; chaha %n shall nqnih, nqnih,

nqnih chaha, onchqba chaha, unchqba

chaha

mountain, a burning; nqnih lua
mountain side; abaksacheka, abaksileka
mounter, oiya
mourn, to; ilbqsha, na nukha^klo, nuk-

hanklo, tabashi

mourn with, to; ibanukhanklo
mourned unto, yaiya
mourner; yaiya, yanya
mournful; ashabi, yaiya
mournful, to render; ashabichi
mourning; nan lusa isht tabashi, tabashi,

yaiya

mourning, in time of; tabqsh
mourning clothes, to wear; tabashi
mourning for the dead, nan anusi
mourning person, tabqsh
mourning pole, iti humma
mouse; oksanla, pinti
mouse, field; pintukfi
mousetrap, pinti ahokli
mouth; itqkha, iti, sqtih
mouth, to; qpa

mouth, toward the; sokbish plla
mouth of a crater or bottle, itopa
mouth of a creek, bok asetili
mouth of a jug, kotoba ittopa
mouth of a stream; asetili, sokbish
mouth of a stream, at the; sokbish

pilla

mouthful; itqkha achqfa, kopoli achqfa
movable, kanqlla hinla
move, kanali
move, to; chanqlli, fotoha, ia, ilhkolecM,

ilhkoli, ilhkolichi, kanali, kanalichi,

kanqllichi, mail, nowa, nukoqchi, wi-

chikli, wiha, ivitekqchi, witikli, witikwinli,

yqnakqchi

move, to cause to; poalichi, icihachi
move about, to; bininili, fahfoa, fahfuli,

fullokqchi, tualichi
move along, to; akanalichi, anya, kanql-

lit anya, wihat anya
move and arrive, to; wihat qla
move and settle, to; kanqllit binili,

wihat binili

move and swarm? to; wihachi
move away, to; kanakli
move camp, to; bina awiha

504

BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

move from, to; akanqlli

move out, to; kucha weheli, kucha wiha

move quickly, to; kqnnakli, pqlhki, yi-
lepa

move slowly on, to; sqlahqt anya

move suddenly, to; lipa

move the eyebrows, to; okmisikali

move the head and neck, to; kona-
misli

move to do or say, to; nukfoki

moved; kanali, piakqchi

moved out, kucha wiha

movement, ilhkoli

mover; a^ya, ilhkoli, kanali, kanalli,
iciha

moving; kanali, kanalli, wiha

moving about, to be; kananant anya

moving about, to keep; kananali, ka
nanali

mow, hashuk itanaha

mow, to; amo, bashli, hashuk ashachi,
hashuk bashli

mowed; basha, hashuk basha

mowed, place; hashuk abqsha

mower; bashli, hashuk bashli

mown; almo, basha, hashuk basha

much; aiaka,fehna, laua

much, to do; lauachi

much, very; lauachit

much ice, okti chito

muck, wak inyqlhki

mud; haiyinko, lukchuk, labeta, fachinko,
lafeha, la/eta

mud, deep; lukchuk chito

mud, to; liteli

mud dauber, tekhanto

muddied, lukchuk bano

muddle, to; haksichi, okpqni

muddled; haksi, okpulo

muddy; boha, liteha, lukchuk ansha, luk
chuk bano, labeta, lachanko, lachinko,
lafeha, lafeta, latinko, oklachanko, okla-
chinko

muddy, to; liteli, lukchuk banuchi, labe-
tqchi, lachinkochi, lafehqchi, oklachan-
kochi, oklachinkochi

muddy, very; lukchuk chito

mudfish, shupik

muff, ibbak alibishli

mug; isht ishko, isht ishko chaha

mug, small; isht ishkushi

muggy, shummi

mulatto; hatak lakna, hatak lusa iklanna,
hatdk him lakna, hatak lusa nipihumma,
nipi h ununa

mulberry, bihi

mulberry grove, bihi talaia

mulberry tree, bihi qpi

mule; isuba haksobish falaia, isuba na-

shoba

mullein, hakchuma holba
multiplied, ibakaha
multiply, to; ahofallechi, lauachi, un-

chololi
multitude; hatak itanaha, hatak laua,

laua,, okla, okla chito, okla laua
multitude of travelers, hatak lauat anya
mum; anumpuli keyu, chulosa, samanta
mumble, to; bimihachi
mumps, ikonla shatali
munition, isht itibbi
murder, hatak abi

murder, to; abi, hatak abi, hatak illichi
murder all, to; hatak obit tali
murdered, hatak abi
murderer; abi, hatak abi, hatak obit tali,

hatak bfoka abi, hatak illichi, nan abi
murderous; hatak, abi, ilbashali, ilba-

shalit abi
murmur, anoli
murmur, to; bimihachi, fonhka, fopa,

lumanamihachi, nan isht miha
murmur er, nan isht miha
muscadine, suko
muscles near the groin, innasobakso-

bish

muse, to; anukfilli
mush, ashela

mush, to make; ashclikbi
mush made of acorns, okshash
mushlike, moashki

mushroom; chulahtunsh, lunslo, pakti
mushy; moashki, moyayankachi
music, taloa
music book, a taloa
music master, taloa ikhanachi
music of the drum, alepola
musician, taloa imponna
musket; tanampfabassa, tanampo
muskmelon; okchank, okcha^k balama
must; kalama, yohmi alhpesa
must be, pulla
must not; ahc kcyu, n, na
mustard, mastat
mustard seed, mastat nihi
mustard stalk, mastat qpi
muster, to; itqnnali, tqshka chipota itqn-

nali

musty, kalama
mutable, inla hinla

KYINCTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CITOCTAW LANGUAGE

505

mute; anumpuli, anumpuli keyu

mute, a; anumpuli, hatak anumpuli

mutilate, to; bqsht tqpli, okpqni

mutilated, okpulo

mutton, chukfqlhpowa nipi

mutual friends, kana

mutual helps, itqpela

mutual interest, ahalaia

mutual relations, kanomi

mutually strengthened, kallo

muzzle; ibishaknifoka, itopa

muzzle of a bottle, kotoba ittopa

muzzle of a gun, tanampo ittopa

muzzle, to; itihtakchi

my; an, an, am, qmmi, sa, sq, si

myriad; laua, talepa sipokni pokoli

myrrh, mali

myself, ano

mystery; nan inla, nan luma

nab, to; kopoli

nag; isuba, isuba iskitini

nail; atakali, atakoli, chufak

nail, short; chufak yushkololi

nail, small; chufak chipinta, chufak ushi

nail, toe; iyakchush

nail, to; ahonqli, ahonqlichi, anqli, anq-

lichi, honqlichi

nailed; ahonala, anqla, honala
nailer, chufak ikbi
naked; bano, fomosa, hamka, haknip

bano, hishi iksho, luma, na foka iksho,

nipi bano

nakedness; haiaka, shahbi
name; hochifo, hohchifo
name, to; hochifo, hochifochi
named; hochifo, hochifo takali, hohchifo
nameless, hochifo iksho
namer; hochifo, na hochifo
nap, nusi iskitini
nap, to; nusi iskitini
nape; iachuna, iachushak
napkin, ibbak isht kasholichi
narrate, to; anoli, holissochi
narrated; anoa, holisso
narration; anoa, anoli
narrative; anoli, isht anum.pa
narrator, anoli
narrow; atikkonofa, libanta, okshianli,

okshiyanli, patha

narrow, to; iskitinichi, pqthqchi
narrow way, hina ikpqtho
narrowed, patha
narrows, itintakla alia

nasty; okpulo, shua

Natchez, Nahchi

Natchez trace, the; hina

nation; okla, oklushi, yakni

national; okla, ahalaia, oklushi ahalaia

native; aiqtta, hatak

native place, aiqtta

natural; aiimoma, imanka

natural, a; imanukfila iksho

natural fool, imanukfila iksho aiimoma

naturally, aiimomachi

naturally small; aiimoma, imoma

nature; aiimqlhpesa, qlhtayak, nana moma

naught, to set at; keyukechi

naughty; haksi, okpulo

nausea, hoeta bqnna

nausea, to feel; nukpoqlli

nauseate, to; anukpoqli, yuala, yualqchi

nauseous; nukpauqlli, yuala

nauseous, to render; yualqchi

naval action, peni chito aiitibi

nave of a wheel, iti chqnaha iklanna

navel, hatambish

navel gall, ponkshi

navel string; haiombish, hatambish

navigable, peni ataya

navigate, to; peni isht any a

navigator, peni isht anya

navy, peni hochito kanomona

nay; aha™h, keyu, okho

nay, a; keyu

neap, isunlqsh

near; anhusi, apunta, bilinka, bilinchi,

cheki, holitopa, itoma
near, quite; bilinkasi
near, to; bilinka, bilinchi
near, to be very; bilinkasi
near, to make; bilinchi
near, very; bilinkasi, itomasi, tomalusi
near at hand, olasi
near by; olanli, olasi
near to, atikkonofa
nearest, bilinchi kqt inshaht tali
nearly; anhesi, anhusi, bilinchi, he, naha,

pullasi

nearness; bilinka, itoma
nearsighted, bilinka
neat, kashofa
neat (of cattle), wok
neatly, kashofqt
neb; ibichilu, ibishakni
necessarily, pulla
necessary; qlhpesa, pulla, yqmohmahe

qlhpesa

506

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

necessitate, to; yqmohmahe qlhpesqchi

necessitous, ilbasha

necessity; ilbasha, yqmohmahe qlhpiesa

neck, ikon la

neck, the back side of the; chushak

neck, the joint of the; innosishboya

neck of a junk bottle, chunsa

neckcloth; innuchi, inuchi

necklace; innuchi, inuchi, shikqlla

necromancer, hatak holhkunna

need; aiqlhpiesa, bqnna, ilbasha

need, to; bqnna

needle; chufak nan isht achunli, chufak

nishkin ansha, chufak ushi, isht achunli
needle, knitting; tali isht tana
needle maker, chufak ush ikbi
needleful, chufak nishkin lopulli achqfa
needy; ilbasha, na bqnna
ne'er; chatuk, himma keyu
nefarious, okpulofehna
negation; aha^h, keyu
negative; ahanh, keyu
negative, to; ahah achi, keyuachi
neglect; aksho, yqmichi
neglect, to; ahaksi, ahaksichi, aksho, yq-

michahc keyu

neglected; ahaksi, aksho
neglecter, yqmichi
negligence, yqmichi
negotiate, to; anumpuli, chumpa
negotiator; na kanchi, nan chumpa
n egress, hatak lusa ohoyo
negro, hatak lusa
neigh, sihfaka
neigh, to; sihinka
neighbor; bilinkqtta, chuka abili^ka, chuka

apanta, chuka apantali, chuka apqlli,

chukapanta
neighborhood; bilinka, chuka lukonli,

itibilinka ansha
neither; arhqfahpi, aiena, kanimampo

keyu, kesh
nephew, ibaiyi
nerve, kqllo
nerve, a; akshish
nervous; fialali, kqllo
nervous, to make; halalichi
nest; qlhpichik, chuka
nest, bird's; hushiimqlhpichik
nest, hornet's; fohkul inchuka
nest, to; qfhpicliik ikbi
nest maker, apcli
nest of a wild beast, poa nusi
nest of the bumblebee, o"sini inchuka

nestle, to; alata, binili

nestling, hushushi

net; isht qlbi, isht hokli

nether; nutaka. sokbish

nethermost, akkafehna

nettle, hatak holhpa

nettle, bull; hqshtapola, hqtapusha

nettle, to; hatak holhpqlli, holhpqlli

nettled; hatak holhpa, holhpa

neuter, kanimampo keyu

neutral; ahalaia, kanimampo keyu, peh

ansha
never; chahtoshba, chatok, chatuk, himma,

himma keyu, himmona, nitak nana, nitak

nanta

never can, hatoshba
never mind, kia
nevertheless; kia, yohmi kia
new; himmona, inla
new heart, chunkqsh himmona
New Orleans, Bqlbancha
newish, himmona chuhmi
newly, cheki
newness, himmona

news; anumpa kaniohmi, nana kaniohmi
newsman; hatak nan anoli, nan anoli
newsmonger, nan anoli
newspaper, holisso nowqt anya
next; achanka, atukla, himmakma
nibble, to; chinoli, kili
nibbler, kili

nice; achukma, anli, qlhpiesa, kqshaha
nicely, anli
nick, to; bqshli
nick of time, aiqlhpesa
nickname; himakfokalit hohchifo, hochifo

okpulo, tabqsh

nickname, to; himakfokalit hochefo
niece, ibitek

niggard, hatak nan inhoUo
niggardly, makali
nigh; bilinka, itoma, naha
night, ninak

night, birth; ninak aiqtta
night, this; himak ninak
night, to work till; shohbichi
night craziness, ninak tasetnbo
nightcap, ninak ialipa
nightfall, opiakmanya
nightmare, shimoha
nightmare, to bring on the; shimo-

hqchi

nightmare, to have the; slnmoha
nightshade, oji inhosltiura

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

507

nightwalker, ninak tasembo

nihility, nafehna keyu

nimble, tushpa

nine, chakali

nine, to make; chakali

nine times, chakaliha

ninefold, inluhmi

ninepence; iskali, iskali achafa

nineteen; abichakali, ahbichakali

nineteen, to make; ahbichakali

nineteen times; abichakaliha, ahbicha-
kaliha

nineteenth, isht ahbichakali

nineteenth time, isht ahbichakaliha

ninetieth, isht pokoli

ninety, pokoli

ninth, isht chakali

ninth time, isht chakaliha

nip, to; kobli, tushalichi

nip off, to; taptuli

nipped, tushali

nippers, tali isht kiseli

nipple; ibish, ipinshik

nit; issap nihi, nihi

niter, hapi kapassa

nitter, shunshi isuba achcli

no; aha^h, chikimba, han, iksho, keyoh,
keyu, kia

no, to cause; keyuchi

no, to say; ahah achi

no one; kana keyu, kata

noble, chito

noble, a; hatak chitokaka, holitompa

nobleman, hatak holitompa

nobly, chitot

nobody, kana keyu

nocturnal, ninak foka

nod, inmiha

nod, to; faiokachi, yuhchunni

noggin, iti isht ishko

noise; chamakachi, kas, kilihachi, kini-
hachi, kitik, kolak, komok, komuk, ko-
taha, lachak, michik, mishuk, palak, sak,
sakaha, sakakachi, shachak, shakanlichi,
shakapa, shakawa, tilukachi, yuhapa

noise, to; anoli

noise, to make a; kabakachi, kilihachi,
lobukachi, mishukachi, nutikahchi, saka-
lichi, shachaha, shachakachi, shakahachi,
shakapa, shaka^wa, shakabli, shakablichi,
tobahch ih , icash ahach i

noised; anoa, annoa

noisome, okpulo

noisy; yahapa, yuhapa

nominal, hochifo bieka

nominate, to; atokoli

nominated; atnkowa, alhfoka

none; amohmi, iksamiksho, iksho, kanima

none, to have; iksho

none there, to be; iiksho

nonesuch, mih

nonplus, aiyokoma

nonplus, to; aiyokomichi

nonsense; anurnpa kaniohmi keyu,

anumpa keyu
nook, shokulbi
noon; tabokoa, tabokoli
noon, about; tabokoli foka
noon, before; tabokoli ikono
noon, past; tabokoli out ia
noonday, tabokoli
nooning, tabokoli foha
noontide, tabokoli foka
noose, ashekonopa
noose, to; hokli
nor, kia
north, falammi
north star, falammi fichik
north 'wind, falammi mali
northeast, chukfikpelo
northerly; falammi chohmi, falammi im-

ma, falammi pila
northern; falammi chohmi, falammi im-

ma, falammi minti, falammi pilla
northward; falammi imma, falammi pila
northwest, falammi hashi aiokatula itin-

takla

nose; ibichilu, ibishakni
nosebleed, ibikoa
nostril, a; ibishakni chiluk
nostrils, the; ibichilu
nostrum, ikhfosh luma
not; ok, atoshba, atuko, atukosh, chikimba,

chint, hatosh, hatuko, hatukosh, ik, kahe,

kahinla, kahioke, katwii, Ice, keho, keyu,

kil, kiloh, n, na
not, shall; wa
not, will; kashke, wa
not any; iksho, keyu
not bound, yuka keyu
not far, olanli
not so; ahanh, han, hatosh
not yet; kin, ki^sha
notable; anoa, ikhana alhpesa, nafehna
notch, to; chakojfi, chakoli, chakolichi, ka-

lowa, lakoffi, lakoli, lakolichi, lanpli
notch deep, to; lakabli
notched; chakoa, chakofa, kaloiva, lakapa,

lakofa, lakowa, lam pa
notched stick, iti chauana

508

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

notcher, chakoffi

notches; chaJcoa, chakofa, kalowa, kolofa,

lakofa, lakoli, lako^wa, lanlaki
note; holisso, holisso iskitini, isht glhpisa,

taloa

note in music; ataloa, ilhtaloivak
note, to; holissochi, ikhana
noted; anoa, holisso, ikhana, ikhana

achukma
nothing; ba, nafehna keyu, nan ikahobo,

nana keyu, nana kia, peh, pilla
notice; aiokpanchi, ikhana, pinsa
notice, to; ahni, aiokpgchi, haklo, pisa
notified, anoa

notifier; hatak nan anoli, nan anoli
notify, to; anoli, haklochi
notion, imanukfila
notional, imanukfila laua
notorious; haiaka, ikhana
notwithstanding; kia, yohmi kia, yohmi

nana kia
nourish, to; hofantichi, hopolglli, ikha-

nanchi, ipeta

nourished; hofanti, ilhpita
nourisher; hofantichi, ipeta
nourishment; ahofanti, anumpa, ilimpa
novel, himmona

novelty; himmona, na himmonna
November, Nofimba
novice; himmona isht gtta, himonna isht

gtta
now; himak, himak nitak, himaka, himo,

himona, himonasi, inta, manshko
now don't, wehkah
noway, kanima kia keyu
nowhere; kanima kia, kanima kia keyu
noxious, okpulo
nuisance, ataklama
null; aksho, kashofa, kobofa
null, to; akshuchi, kashoffi, kobgjfi
nullification, akshuchi
nullified, kobafa
nullifier, kobafi
nullify, to; akshuchi, kobajfi
nullity, kobafa
numb; illi, shimoha, taliskgchi, talissa,

talissa, tgmissa

numb, to; illichi, shimohgchi, tglissgchi
number; aholhtina, holhpena, holhtina,

kanomona, laua
number, a small; kanomusi
number, to; hopena, hotina
numbered; aholhtina, holhpena, holhtena
numbered, men; hatak holhtina

numberless, aholhtina iksho

numbness; chilina, illi, shimoha, talis
kachi, talissa, talissa

numbness, great; chilinoha

numerable, holhtina hinla

numerate, to; hopena

numeration; hopena,- hotina

numerator; hopena, hotina

numerous; kanomona, laua

nuptial, auaya

nuptials; auaya, ohoyo ipetachi

nurse; abeka apistikeli, alia apistikeli,
alia sholi

nurse, to; abeka apistikeli, alia apisti
keli, pishechi

nurture; ahofanti, ilhpak, ilimpa

nurture, to; hofantichi, ipeta

nut, ani

nut cake, pask alwasha

nutriment; ahofanti, ilhpak, ilimpa, nan
gpa

nutshell, foni

nymph, ko^wi anu^kgsha

O !; aume, ikikki, kbano, ma

O dear; aiehng /, huk

oak, a species of; bishkoni, bushto, nu-

sgpi

oak, blackjack; chiskilik
oak, overcup; bgshto
oak, post; chisha
oak, Spanish; chilhpgtha
oak, white; baii
oaken, baii toba
oakum, pingsh
oar; isht mofi, peni isht moa
oar, long; isht halglli
oar, to; monffi, monffit isht ia
oath, anumpa kgllo

oats; isuba gpa, onush, onush isuba gpa
obdurate, kgllo
obedience, imantia
obedient, imantia
obeisance, akkachunoli
obey, to; antia, atia, imantia
obeyer, imantia
obituary, hatak illi isht anumpa
object; na kanimi, nana
object, to; haklo, inwlgmi
objections, to cause; imalgmmichi
objector, imalgmmi
oblation, isht aiokpachi
obligated, onutula
obligation; aheka, onochi, onutula

HYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

509

obligation, to assume an; anumpa ilo-

nuchi
obligations, to lay oneself under;

anumpa kqllo ilonuchi
oblige, to; anumpa ilonuchi, onochi,

yukpali

obliquity, filammi
obliterate, to; kashoffi, kashoffichi
obliterated, Jcashofa
oblivion, ahaksit kqnia
oblong; akank ushi holba, falaiakqt aua-

taka inshali
obloquy, mihachi
obnoxious; hepulla, hinla, okpulo
obscene; okpulo, yuala
obscenity, nana yuwala
obscure; oklili, tulhpakali
obscure (applied to language), afalapa
obscure, to; oklilechi
obscurely; luma, lumasi, oklili
obscureness; aioklileka, aluma, oklili
obscurity; aioklileka, aluma
obsequies; hohpi, yaiya, yanusi
obsequious, imantia achukma
observance; aiokpanc.hi, imantia
observation; anumpa, imantia
observe, to; ahni, ahnit, anumpuli, apis-

tikeli, holitobli, ikhana, imantia, pisa
observer; ikhana, pisa, pfosa
obsolete; aksho, akshot taha, sipokni
obstacle, ataklama

obstinacy; chunkqsh kqllo, isht qfekommi
obstinate; chunkqsh kqllo, haksi, ilafoa
obstruct, to; atapqcM, lablichi, okhatapa,

oktqbli

obstructed, oktqpa
obstructer, oktqbli
obstruction; anukbikeli, isht okshilita,

isht oktqpa, nan isht takalqma, oktqbli,

oktqpa

obtain, to; ishi

obtain, to endeavor to; iakaiyachit pisa
obtain a favor, to; habena
obtain food as a present, to; chukala-

hqchi

obtained as a present, habena
obtainer, ishi
obtrude, to; chukoa, ibachukoa, ibafoka,

ibafoki

obtund, to; illichi
obtuse; halupa, weki
obviate, to; bqshpuli, kanqllichi, naksika

boli
obviated, kqnia

obvious, haiaka

occasion; hcqlhpesa, kaniohmi, nan ihmi

occasion, to; yqmihchi

occasion of death, aiisht illi

occasional, kaniohmikma

occidental; hqshi aiokatula, hqshi aioka-

tula imma, hqshi aiokatula pila
occult; luma, lumpoa
occupant, qtta
occupation; ishi, isht anta, isht qtta, nan

isht anta

occupier; halqlli, inshi
occupy, to; aiasha, anta, qtta, halqlli,

inshi
occur, to; haiaka, ikhana, nukfoka, yq-

mohmi

occurrence; kaniohmi, nana kanihmi
ocean, okhqta chito
October, Aktoba
ocular, pinsa
oculist, nishkin imalikchi
odd; atampa, ilia, inla, itilaui keyu
odd one, qlhkucha
oddity, inla
oddly; ilia, inla

odds; holba, itilaui keyu, itinnukoa
ode, ataloa

odious; okpulo, yuala
odium, isht yuwala
odor; balama, na balama
odoriferous, balama
odorous, balama
of; a, imma

of any kind, kaniohmi kia
of old, nitak tfokba
of us, pin

off; bilia, intqnnqp, misha, pila, pilla
offal; atampa, na shua
offence; nan isht aiibitqbli, nana aiibe-

tqbli
offend, to; ashqchi, chunkqsh hutupali,

chunkqsh nqli, ibetqblichi, nukoqchi, yo-

shobbi
offended; qlhpiesa, chowa, chunkqsh hu-

tupa, chunkqsh nqla, ibetqbli, nukoa
offended spirit, chunkqsh hutupa
offender; anumpa kobqffi, chunkqsh hu
tupali, nukoqchi, yoshoba
offends, one who; yoshobbi
offense; aiibetqbli, ashqchi, ataklqmmichi,

hqshcha, hotupa, nukoa
offensive; achukma, nukoa, okpulo, yuala
offer, to; boli, ima, im-issa, panji, taka-

kanli, takalechi, wall, weli

510

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

offer to death, to;

offerer; boli, imissa

offering-; imissa, isht aiokpqchi

office; aiapoksia, aiqlhtoka, aiyqmohmahe

glhpesa, isht qtta
officer; afisa, anumpeshi, hatak qlhtoka,

hatak hullo, nan qlhtoka, okla pelichi,

pelichi

officer, to; anumpeshi atokulli
official, nan qlhtoka
officiate, to; apuskiachi
officious; aiokpanchi, ataklqma, kana
offset; isht kashofa, kashoffi, kqnia, un-

cholulli

offspring; iso, isht atiaka, uncholulli, ushi
oft,fchna

often; fehna, himonnan
ogle, to; afalnpoli
oh! ah, aichnq!, qlleh, hale!, huk, hush,

ikbano, ikbato, ikikki, ohhoh
oh dear ! akshuki!, akshupi!, ali, qlleh,

eha, hauk
oh that; hokbano, ikbano, ikbato, kbano,

kbato

oil; ahama, bila, na bila
oil, to; ahammi
oil bag, panshahama
oil for the head, panshahama
oiled; ahama, bilahama, litikfo
oily, bila bieka
oint, to; ahammi
ointed, ahama

ointment; ahama, ikhinsh, isht ahama
old; asahnoyechi, chikki, hopaki, imomq-

chi, kasheho, lipa, sipi, sipokni
old, to make; chikkichi, sipoknichi
old man, halak sipokni
old woman, lash < ho
older; akni, sipokni inshqli
oldest, sipokni kqt i^shali
oldest son, ?>/a ichapa
oldness, sipokni
omen, isht qlhpisa
omission, yqmichi
omit, to; ahaksi, ahaksichi, imahaksi, yq-

inlchahc ket/u
on; a, ai, on, on, um
on account of, isht
on high; aba, qb<i pilla, chaha
on the left hand, qlltfabck imma
on the morrow, onnaknta
on this side; olah intqnnqp, olchma,

olimma, takla

once; himmona, himonna, himonna achq-
fqnli, himonnaha

once more; anoa, anonti

one; achqfa, ak, amih achqfa

one, to; chqfali

one, to do; achqfa, achqfali, chqfali

one, to give; achqfali

one, to make; achqfa, achqfonqchi, chqfali

one, to single or select out; achqfali,
achqfalichi, achqfonqchi

one accord, imanukfila achqfa

one nation, okla talaia

one people; okla chqfa, okla talaia

one time, to be at; himonna achqfa

one to another, itim

one who reproaches, posilhha shall

one with; aiena, aiibachanfa, ibachqfa

oneness, achqfa

onerous, weki

onion; hatonfqlaha, shachuna

onion, large; hatonfqlaha chito

only; bano, bat, beka, bieka, hokbano, hok-
bato, ilia, peh, yqmmak beka

only that, yqmmak beka

only the, ak

onset, amoshuli

onward, pit

ooze; okchi, wak hakshup isht hummqchi

ooze, to; bichilli, bishbeli, okchushba, pi-
chilli, shinilli

ooze out, to cause to; bichillichi, piche-
lichi

opacity, oklili

opaque, oklili

open; aia^li, akamqssa, a^li, chilafa, fa-
tema, haiaka, itakmofoli, itakpashali,
itakpofonli, mabi, shahbi, tiapa, tiiua,
tua

open, to; anoli, qjniffi, bokafa, fachanli,
fatummi, fichanli, kalali, kqla, kqlali,
lumpli, mitqffi, pachanli, palqlli, tiqbli,
tiwa, tiwi, tosholi, tua, tuici, tuicichi,
wakama, ivakamoli, wakqmmi, irakoha,
icakoli, icatama, watqmmi, wqttqchi

open, to burst; thca

open, to cause to; fatummichi, tiwichi,
tuwicJu, patahchi, wakolichi, yatapa

open and form a fissure, to; chiluk toba

opened; fatoina, fichanli, kqla, mitafa, pa
cha uli, thca, tua, u'akama, U'akamoa,
wakoha, u'atama

opener; fatummi, fatummichi, palqlli, to
sholi, tuwi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

511

opening; atiwa, atohivali, atua, haiahi,
shahbika, tohwali, tohyuali

opening in a fence, holihta atiwa

opening in the woods, ombala

openly, haiakqt

openness; anli, shahbi

opens, one who; watqmmi

operate, to; yamohmi

operation, yamohmi

operator, yamohmi

opiate; ikhinsh nusechi, ishkot nusi

opiate administered, ishkochechit nu
sechi

opinion, imanukfila

opinionated, yimmi

opium; ikhinsh nusechi, nalit illi qpqt nusi

opodeldoc, ikhinsh ahama

opossum, shukata

opponent, tanap

opportune, aialhpesa

opportunity, aiqlhpiesa

oppose, to; ataklammi, ichapa, imalqmi

opposer, ataklammi

opposite; ichapa, ichapaka

opposite directions at once, in; ita-
la^Ua

opposite side of a creek, bok intannqp

oppress, to; ilbashachi, ilbqshalechi, ilbq-
shali

oppressed, ilbqsha

oppression; ilbqsha, ilbqshali

oppressive; palqmmi, weki

oppressor; ilbashachi, ilbqshali

opprobrious, okpulo

option, ahni

optional, ahni

opulence, nan inlaua

opulent, nan inlaua

or; kia, yok

or else, kcyukmqt

oral, anumpa

orally, anumpa

orange, hqta lakna

orange red, tulankoba

oration; anumpa, anumpa isht hika

orator, anumpa isht hika

oratory, anumpa isht hika

oratory, an; aianumpuli aboha hanta

orb; na bolukta, nan chqnaha, nan lumbo

orbed; bolukta, chqnaha, lumbo

orbit, atia

orbit of a planet, fichik atia

orchard, peach; osapa takkon aiasha,

ordain, to; atokoli, hilechi

ordained; atokowa, qlhtoka

order; aiyamohmi, anumpa qlhpisa, iti-

laui achqfa
order, to; anumpa kqllo onuchi, apesa,

miha, pelichi

ordered; anumpa kqllo onutula, qlhpesa
orderly; achukmat, itilauit
ordinance; anumpa qlhpisa, anumpa kql
lo, qlhpisa
ordinary; aialhpesa, na fehna keiju, peh

qlhpesa

ordination; atokoli, qlhtoka
ordnance; tanamp chito, tanamp hochito
ordure, yqlhki
organ, ale.pa
orient, hqshi akuchaka
oriental, hqshi akuchaka
orientals, the; hqshi akuchaka okla
orifice, chiluk
origin; aiisht awechi, aiisht ia qmmona,

aminti

origin, place of; atoba
original, tfokba
original, the; tikba
originate, to; ia, ikbi
originate at, to; minti
ornament; aiukleka, isht aiukli, isht

ilakshema, isht shema, nan isht shema
ornament, to; fohka, fohkqchi, shema,

shemqchi

ornament with, to; isht aiuklichi
ornamented, shema
orphan; qlhtakla, alia qlhtakla
orphanage, qlhtakla
orthodox, aba anumpa yimmi
orts; atampa, lishoa
oscillate, to; fahata,falamoa
ossify, to; foni ikbi,foni toba
ossuary; hatak illi foni aiasha, tqshka

chuka

ostensible, haiaka
ostentation, haiaka
ostentatious, ilefehnqchi
other; achqfa, inla, intannqp, -tqnnqp,

yqto

other side, mishtqnnqp
other side of a creek, bok mishtqnnqp
otherwise; keyukma, yatush
otter, oshqn
ought; he, hetuk
ounce, au^s
our; hqpi, hqpin, hqpim, hqpimmi, hqpin,

hqpishno, hqpimmi, pi, pin, pirn, pimmi,

pin, pishno

512

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4G

our, to become; hapimmi toba

ours; hapimmi, pimmi, pishno

ourselves, pishno akinli

oust, to; akuchi, kuchichi

ousted, kucha

out; akuncha, haiaka, kochanli, kucha

out, to; akuchi, kuchichi

out of; akucha, kucha

out of date; aksho, sipokni

out of the way, yoshoba

outcast, kucha

outcry; komuntat panya, tahpqla

outdo, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, ishalichi

outer, kucha fehna

outgo, to; ia, imaiya

outgrow, to; imaiya

outlast, to; imaiya

outlive, to; imaiya

outmost; qlipilla, wishakchi

outrage, to; hotupali

outrageous; nukoa, okpulo

outside; anaksika, kucha, pakna, pak-

nanka

outside of the bend, poloma
outwalk, to; imaiya
outward; kucha, kuchimma, paknanli
oval; akank ushi holba, lumbo, shabahki
ovation, isht ika

oven; aiapushli, aiqlhpusha, apalqska
over; akucha, mishtqnnqp, paknaka
over again, na
over all, inoma inshali
overalls, obalafoka
overcharge; aiilli atapa, albiha atapa
overcharge, to; aiilli atabli, atablitabeli
overcharged, aiilli atapa
overcome, to; aiimaiyachi, chunkqshishi,

im a iya , imaiyachi

overdo, to; atabli, atablit tikambichi
overdone; atapa, nuna atapa, tikabi
overflow, to; atabli, abanabli, oka ba-

nqpa, oka bikelichi, okchitochi
overflow, to cause to; atablichi
overflowed; oka banqpa, oka bikeli, oka

falama
overgladness of heart, chu^kash yukpa

at a pa

overgo, to; atapa, abanabli, imaiya
overhaul, to; sakki, tepuli, tiqbli
overhauled; tepoa, tiapa
overhauls, one who; tepuli
overload, albiha atapa
overload, to; atablit obeli, atablit shapu-

le.chi, shapulechi

overlook, to; ahaksichi, aiashachi, ima~
haksi, paknaka hikiat pisa

overlooked, ahaksi

overmuch; atapa fehna, laua fehna, ok
pulo

overpack, to; atablit shapulechi

overplus; atampa, atapa, alhtampa, chakbi

overplus, to cause an; atablichi

overpower, to; imaiya, imaiyachi

overreach, to; abanabli, abanablichi,
haksichi, issochi

overreached, haksi

overrule, to; pelichi

overrun, to; abanabli, lohummichi, yu-
lulli

oversee, to; apesachi, apistikeli, pelichi

overseer; apesachi, apistikeli, nan ape
sachi

overset, to; kinafa, Tcinaffi

overshadow, to; akapoa, akopoa, ho~
shontikachi

oversight, aiashachi

overstock, to; atabli

overstocked, atapa

overt, haiaka

overtake, to; sakki

overtake, to cause to; sakkichi

overthrow; kinafa, okpulo

overthrow, to; imaiya, imaiyachi, ki-
naffi, lipeli, okpgni

overthrown; kinafa, lipia

overtire, to; atablit tikambichi

overtop, to; imaiya

overvalued, aiilli atapa

overwhelm, to; kinaffi, umpohomot ok-
pani

owe, to; aheka, aheka intakanli

owed, aheka

owl, horned; ishkitini

owl, large; opa

owl, screech; ofunlo

own; fehna, ilap

own, to; anoli, halalli, immi, inshi

owner; immi, inshi

ox; 'irak hobqk, wak toksqli

ox team, teak tonksqli hioli achafa

ox yoke; teak toksqli abqnkqchi, wak tonk
sqli aba nay a

ox, working; irak hobqk tonksqli, irak
toksqli

oxbow; irak tonksqli innuchi, tonokbi

oxen, a yoke of; wak itihalalli, wak
tonksqli itapata

oxfly, olana chito

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

513

oyster, chakla

oyster shells, petrified; opahaksun

pabulum; ahofanti, ilhpak, ilimpa
pace; ahabli, anya, habli, kaiqlli, nowa
pace, to; anya, ilhkoli, kaiilli, nowa
pace, to make; kaiqlli
pacer, kaialli
pacific; nuktala, yohbi
pacified, nuktala
pacifier, nuktalali

pacify, to; hopolqchi, hopolqlli, nukta
lali, yohbichi

pack; bahta, bonunta, shapo, talakchi
pack, to; boli, shapulechi, tushpalit chq-

fichi

pack (as meat), to; alqlli
pack a horse, to; isuba shapulechi
pack horse; isuba shapo shall, isuba sha-

pidi

pack of cards; isht bqska
package, shapo
packed; itqllqt akkqchit kaha, shapo, sha-

poli, talakchi
packet, lumbo

packsaddle, isuba umpatqlhpo falakto
pact; itimanumpa, itimqlhpisa
pad; akkahunkupa, hunkupa
paddle; isht mofi, peni isht munfa
paddle, short; isht modi
paddle, to; monffi, mofi, modi, moli
paddled, monfa
paddler, monffi
padlock, luksi

padlock, house; aboha inluksi
padlock, to; shqnnichi
pagans, oklushi qbanumpa ikithano
page; holisso intqnnqp achgfa, holisso pqta

achgfa

page (attendant), tishu
paid; atobbi, qlhchilofa, qlhtoba, chilofa
pail; isht ochi, itampo
pailful, isht ochi alota
pain; anukhqmmi, hotupa, kinoha, kom-

michi, na hotupa, nan ukhqmachi, nuk-

hqma, nukhqmmi
pain, great; chilinoha
pain, to; hotupali, kommichechi, kommi-

chi, mufkqchi
pain, to cause; anukhqmmi, imalekqche-

chi, imatekqchi, kommichechi, nukhq-

mqchi, nukhqmmichi
pain, to suffer; aleka
pain on both sides, italankla hotupa
84:;:>,9° — Bull. 40—15 33

pained, imaleka

painful; anukhqmmi, hotupa, kommichi,

mufka, nukharnmi
painful, severely; simikli
paint, isht anchaha
paint, to; anchali, anchalichi
painted, anchaha
pamter, anchali

painter (of a boat), peni isht talakchi
painting of a man, shilup
pair; hollo, ichapa, ichapoa, itichabli, iti-

chapa, tuklo
pair, to; ichabli
paired, ichapa

palace; aboha holitopa, minko inchuka
palatable, kqshaha
palate, isunlqsh ushi
pale; hanta, hatokbi, hqta, okhatali
pale, a; iti shima halupa
pale, to; holihta halupa ikbi
pale, to become; hqtachi
pale, to make; hatokbichi
pale, very; hqtqt kqnia
paled, holihta halupa
pale-faced; ibakhatanli, nashuka hqta
paleness, hqta
Palestine, Chu yakni
paling, holihta halupa
palisade; holihta halupa, holihta kqllo
palisade, to; holihta halupa ikbi
palisado, holihta kqllo
pall, anchi holitopa
pallet; hashinka, patapo, patqlhpo
palliate, to; lauechi, mihachi
pallid, hqta

palm, to; haksichi, pasholi
palm of the hand, ibbak pqta
palmetto, tola
palmetto, high; talimushi
palpable; haiaka, potola hinla
palpitate, to; mitikli, mitikminli, nuk-

bimikqchi, nukbimimkqchi, nukkitekqchi,

nuktimichi, nukwimekqchi, takqnha, ti-

mikli
palpitation; mitikminli, nukbimikqchi,

nukkitekqchi, nukwimekqch i
palsied, haknip illi
palsy; haknip illi qbi, palsi, wqnnichi
palsy, to; haknip illichi, illichi, kotachi,

okpqni

paltry; iskitini, makali
pamphlet; holisso, holisso hakshup iksho
pan; amphqta, ampo, ampo mahaia, nush-

kobo tabokaka

514

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pan, tin; malha

pander, to; haui pelichit nowa

pane of glass, apisa achafa

panegyric, holitoblit isht anumpa

panegyrize, to; holitoblit isht anumpuli

pang, hot u pa

pant, to; bqnna, bufboli, fiopat taha, fo-

hukli, fotukfunli, hahka, shutukshonli
pantaloon, obalafoka
panther, koi

pap; ipinshik, ohoyo ipinshik
papa, inki
paper, aholisso
paper, a; holisso
paper, to; holisso alapalachi
paper maker, holisso ikbi
paper mill; holisso aiikbi, holisso atoba
paper money, holisso lapushki
papered, holisso alapali
papoose; alia, qllunsi, puskus
papulae, lakchi
par, itilaui
parable; anumpa isht alhpisa, anumpa

nan isht alhpisa, nana isht apesa
paraclete; apelachi, Shilombish holitopa
parade, to; ilaualli, ilauqllichi, itqnaha,

itannali, tqshka chipota itannali
paraded, ttishka chipota itqnnaha
paragraph, anumpa achafa
paralyze, to; illichi
paralyzed, shimoha
paramount, insholi bano
parapet, holihta kqllo
parasol, ohoyo imisht ilonhoshontikachi
parboil, to; honammona
parboiled, hononammona
parcel; bonunta, kanomona, na buna
parch, to; anakshonfa, anakshonffi, anak-

s/ioli, anakshua, auashli, alirasha
parch coffee, to; kafi auashli
parched; anakshonfa, anakshua, alwasha
pardon; kashofa, nana kashofa
pardon, to; iinahaksi, imahaksichi, ka-

shojji
pardonable; ahakm hinht, imahaksicha

hinla, kashofa hinla
pardoned; ahaksi, imahaksi, kashofa
pardoner; alHiksichi, na iinahaksi, na ka-

shojiffn, n (t> i a aha ksi( 'h i
pare, to; //////, Infi.
pr.red; ltif<t, luha
parents, •/"/•/ ixhki ita/uklo
parer; -ixltt luli, luj/i, lull
paling, haksltup lufa

parlance, anumpa
parley; anumpa, anumpuli
parley, to; anumpuli
parrakeet, kili^kki
parricide, inki ishki obi
parrot, a species of; kilfokki
parson, aba anumpuli pelicheka alhtoka
part; folota, kaniohmi, kashapa, kashkou,

tushafa
part, to; filamolechi, fdamoli, filammi,

fullottokachi, issa, kashabli, kashkoli,

tushalichi

part of an earring, palatha
part way, chakpa
part with, to; kanchi
partake, to; ishi, ishko
partake with, to; ibata^kla
partaker; ibafoka, ibalankla, ishi, ishko
parted; Jilama, kashapa, kashkoa, tapa,

tgptua

partial, kanimachi
partially, chohmi
particle; chipintasi, iskitinisi, kanioh-

musi

particular; achafa,fchna
particularize, to; atokoli
particularly, atuk
partition; itintakla, kashkoa
partly, chohmi
partly worn, chikki
partner; apcla, itapcla, itauaya, itapela,

itichapa

partnership; itauaya, ilibafoka, itichapa
partridge; koft, koji chito
parts of, kaniohmi
parturition; cheli, eshi, sholi
party, okla
Pascagoula, Bashokla
pasha, minko
pass; akucha, alopoli, alopulli, ala, hina,

hina kucha, holisso, itintakla atia, ona,

takla

pass, to; a«?ya, qbanqbli, ia, illi, ima
haksi, kanchi, kqnia, lopotoli, mosholi,

onochi, yqmohmi

pass, to come to; yakohmi, yqmohmi
pass around, to; afobli
pass away, to; mashell
pass by, to; aiopitama, aiopitqmmi, opi-

tanioli, opitammi
pass forth from, to; alt at ia
pass over, to; auanapoli, auanqblt, qba-

napoli, qbanabli, pit, tanapoli, tanqbli
pass over, to cause to; qbanapolcchi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

515

pass quickly, to; yilepa

pass through, to; alopoli, alopulli,

anaklopulli, lipulli, lopoli, lopulli
passable; anya hinla, qlhpesa, lopulla

hinla
passage; aboha ititakla, aiaya, anumpa,

atia, anya,fohka,fohkqt anya, ulbql ont ia
passage into, achukoa
passed; aiopitama, qlhpesa, lopulli, taha
passed by; opitama, opitamoa
passed over; qbanapoa, auanapa, auana-

poa, qbanqpa, tanapa, tanapoa
passed through; lopoli, yululli
passenger; anya,fohkatanya, nowqtanya
passing; anya,fehna
passion; anushkunna, nuklibishlikqchi,

nukoa

passion, to be in a; okpolo
passionate; nukhobela, nukoa shali
passive, kqchi
Passover, the; qbanqblit ont ia, nan

qbanqblit ont ia, Chu chepuli chito
passport, holisso
past; chamo, chikki
11 past feeling," sqlbo
past time, kamo
paste, isht akamqssa
paste, to; kamqssqlli
pastime; ilauqlli, washoha
pastor; aba anumpuli apistikeli, qlhpoa

apistikeli
pasture; qlhpoa aiimpa, holihta qlhpoa

qlbiha

pasture, to; hqshuk impa, hqshuk impqchi
pat, qlhpiesa
pat, a; pasalichi
pat, to; pasalichi

patch; akataiya, akqlli, qlhkqta, isht qlh
kqta, osapushi
patch, to; akatqli, akkqlli
patched; akataiya, qlhkqta
patched together, a thing; nan itqlh-

kqtta

patcher, akkqlli
patchwork, itqlhkqtta
pate; nushkobo, nushkobo hakshup, nush-

kobo tabokaka

patella, iyin kqlaha wishakchi
paternal ancestors, faki aiokla
path; anowa, hina
path, bright; hina Jianta
path, large; hina chito
path, to; hina ikbi
pathway; atia, hina
patience; na mihiksho, nuktanla, nuktqla

patient; nuktanla, nuktqla

patient, a; hatak abeka

patriarch, intikba

patriotic, okla

patron, apelachi

patronize, to; apelachi

patter, to; kqsahqchi, kqssahqchi

pattern, isht ahobachi

pattern, to; hobachi

paunch, takoba

pauper, hatak ilbqsha inla anukcheto

pause, yokopa

pause, to; ma, nuktqla, yokopa

pave, to; lukfi nuna patali, tali patali

paved, tali isht patqlhpo

pavement; tali patapo, tali pqta

pavilion; qlhtipo, na hqta qlhtipo

pavilion, to; qttepuli

paw; ibbak, iyi

paw, to; shqffi,

pawn, boli

pawn, to; ahinnqchi, atobbichi hilechi,

boli, hilechi

pawned; ahinna, hika
pawner; boli, hilechi, inuchi
pawpaw, umbi
pay, qlhtoba

pay, to; atobbi, chilofa, chiloffi
pay, to cause to; chilofqchi
pay attention, to; nowa
pay day, nitak aiqlhtoba
payer, atobbi
paymaster, atobbi
payment; atobbi, qlhtoba, chilofa, isht

qlhtoba

pea, tobe hollo
peace; achukma, aiachukmaka, chulosa,

hanta, hqlhpansha, itinkana, itinnan

aiya, kana, nayukpa, nanaiya, nuktanla,

sqmanta

peace, to act for; nan aiya
peace, to make; achukmalechi, nan aiyq-

chi
peaceable; hanta, hqlhpansha, hopola,

kana, nuktanla
peaceably, hqlkpa^shi
peacebreaker; anumpa chukushpashali,

hatak itqchoivqchi
peaceful; chulosa, hqlhpansha, hopola,

nan aiya, sqmanta
peaceful, to become; nuktqla
peacemaker; hatak itinnanaiyachi, hatak

nan olqbechi, itinnan aiyqchechi, nan

aiyqchi
peach, takkon

516

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

peach, clingstone; takJcon a^li, takkon
foni humma, takkon kgllo

peach, freestone; takkon fakopa

peach fuzz, takkon hoshiko

peach meat, takkon foni nipi

peach rind, takkon hakshup

peach skin, takkon hakshup

peach stone, takkon foni

peach stone, red; takkon foni humma

peach tree; takkon gpi, takkonlgpi

peach-tree gum, takkonlitilli

peacock, okchanlush chito

peacock feather, okchanlush chito ho-
shinshi

peak; paknaka, ivishakchi

peaked; ibakchufanli, ibakchufanshli

peal; bimihachi, winihachi

peal, to; bimihachi, winihachi

peal of thunder, hiloha

peal of thunder, sharp; hiloha tassa

peanuts, yakni anunka waya

pear, prickly; talhpakha

pearl; holitopa, tali holitompa

Pearl River, hacha

pearlash; hituk, hituk tohbi

peas, tobe hollo

pebble; taluflshik, tglushik

pecan, fala

peccable, yoshoba hinla

peck; bushul iklanna iklanna, kalqn tuklo

peck, to; chanli, chikinha, lunlichi

pecked, chanya

pecker; chanli, hushi iti chanli, iti chanli

peculate, to; hu""kupa

peculiar, fchna

pecuniary, tali holisso imma

pedant; hatak nan ithana ilahobbi, ho
lisso pisachi, nan ikhana ilahobbi, nan
ithana, ilahobbi

peddle, to; ilatobqt anya

peddler; glhpoyak shall, itatobat anya, na
shall

pedestrian; akkahikgl anya, akkanowa

pedigree, isht atiaka

pedo-baptism, alia oka isht iniokissa

peek, to; afananchi

peel; hakshup, hituk chubi isltt pcli falaia

peel, to; chilafa, fachanli, fakoha, fakoli,
fakopa, fakopli,fglla,falli, iti loll, lujfi,
lull, lo»fa, /o»///, loha, loli, inoli, nio^fa,
'>nonj}i, shibbi, shimnuffi, shukafa,
shukgjffi, xJiukali

peel, to cause to; fachanlichi,fakoplichi,
lolichi, shukalichi

peel off in strips, to; anukbiaffi,

peeled; anukbiafe, fakoha, fakoli, fa
kopa, fakowa, lufa, luha, lonfa, loha,
monfa, monfkgchi, moha, shukafa, shu-
kali

peeler; fakolichi, fakopli, lonffi, loli

peeling; fakoha, fakoli, fakopa, hakshup,
shukali

peeling, the act of; fachanli

peelings from intestines, anu^klupqtka

peep, haiaka

peep, to; afananchi, haiaka

peer; aiitibafoka, itilaui

peevish; anukshomota, anukshomunta,
chunshkiksho , isht gfckommi

peevishness, anukshomunta

peg; atakali, atakoli, iti achushkgchi, iti
isht ahongla

peg, wooden; iti chakbi, itichakbi

pelican, chilantakoba

pelt, hakshup hish ansha

pelt, to; boli, isso

pelter; boli, isso

peltry; na hakshup, nam poa hakshup

pen; holihta, isht holissochi

pen, silver; tali isht holissochi

pen, small; holihtushi

pen, to; holihta fohki, holihtgni, holisso
chi, yukachi

pen maker, isht holissochi ikbi

pencil, to; holissochi, isht holissochi, nan
isht lanji, tali isht holissochi

pencil maker, isht holissochi ikbi

pendant; haksobish takali, haksobish ta-
koli, na hgta, shgpha, takali

pending; aia^li, takanli

penetrable, chukowa hinla

penetrate, to; ibachukoa, lopulli, lo-
pullichi, lumpa, luntpli

penetrated, litnipa

peninsula, yakni nushkobo

penitent, hatak nana yoshoba isht nuk-
havklo

penitentiary, hatak yuka atoksgli

penknife, bgshpushi

penman; hatak holissochi imponna, ho
lissochi

pennant; na hgfa, shgpha

penned; holihta fohka, ho/lhtglhto, ho-

l ISSO

penner, holissochi

penny, is kali

pension, afgmmikma ilhpcta

pension, to; afgmmikma ilhpitachi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

517

pensive, ilapissa

pent, holihta qlbiha

penurious, ilatomba atqpa

penury, ilbasha

people, okla

people, great; okla chito

people, one; talaia

people, small; oJclushi

peopled, abinili

pepper; hishi homi, tishi homi

pepper, black; tishi homi lusa

pepper, Cayenne; tishi homi humma

pepper, Guiana; tishi homi humma

pepper, red; hishi homi humma, tishi

homi humma

pepper bag, tishi homi aiaihto
pepperbox, tishi homi aiaihto
peppercorn, hishi homi qni
per capita, nushkobo chumpa
peradventure, yoba
perambulate, to; pisqt lopulli, tikba

anya

perceive, to; akostininchi, pisa, ikhana
perceptible; akostinincha hinla, ikhana

hm la

perch; ilifabqssa, iti tqpa ahabbi talapi
perch (a fish), nqni bqsa
perch, to; bin Hi, hikia, omanili
perchance; fo, yoba
percolate, to; bichilli, hoiyqchi, holuya,

holuyqchi

percolated, holuya
perdition; aiokpuloka, aiokpulunka
peremptory, aianli
perennial; ataha iksho, bilia
perfect; achukma, aianli, imponna taha
perfect, to; atali
perfection, aiqlhtaha
perfectly; bano, taha
perfidious, anli
perfidy, anumpa kobafa
perforate, to; lopolichi, luna, lukalichi,

lukqffi, lumpli, lunli, lunlichi
perforate at, to; bill
perforated; bila, lopulli, luna, lukafa,

lukali, lumpa
perforated at, alukali
perforation; alukafa, alukali, alumpa,

lunkqchi, lumpli

perforator; isht lukqffi, isht lumpli
perform, to; aianlichi, atali, yqmihchi
performance; nana kaniohmi, yqmichi
performer, yqmichi
perfume, na balama

perfume, to; balamqchechi

perfumed, balama

perhaps; chalik, chcchik, chishba, foka-

hota,fota, hucha, hah, yoba
perhaps not, yobaheto
perhaps one, achafona
peril; isht imaiokpulo, nan aiisht imaleka,

nana aiisht imaleka
period; aiqli, folota, nitak qlhpisa
perish, to; bqshi, illi, okpulo, tmnoa,

toshbi
perishable; bqsha hinla, ilia hinla, toshba

hin la

perishables, nan toshbi
perished; okpulot taha, toshbi
perjure, to; aholqbi, holabit anumpa

kqllo ilonuchi
perjurer; aholqbi, holabit anumpa kqllo

ilonuchi

permanent; bilia, kamqssa
permit, holisso
permit, to; ome imahni
permit to go, to; ia
pernicious, okpulo
perpendicular, apissanli
perpetrate, to; yqmihchi
perpetual, bilia
perpetual, to make; biliachi
perpetually, bilia
perpetuate, to; biliachechi
perpetuity, ataha iksho
perplex, to; aiyokomi, ataklqmmi
perplexed; ataklqma, imaiyokoma
perplexity, to cause; imaiyokomichi
persecute, to; hotupali, ilbqshachi, ilbq-

sha li , isikkopa li
persecuted; hotupa, ilbasha
persecution; hofayali, hotupa, hotupali,

ilbasha, ilbqshali
persecutor; hotupali, ilbqshali
perseverance, achunanchi
persevere, to; achunanchi, amoshuli,

asitopa

persevering, achunanchi
persimmon, unkof
persimmon tree, u^kofqpi
persist, to; achunanchi
person; hatak, kqna, okla
person, noisy; shakqbli
personal, hatak ahalaia
personally, ilapfena
personate, to; inla ilahobbi
perspicuous, haiaka
perspiration, laksha

518

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

perspire, to; laksha

persuade, to; anukfohkachechi, anumpu-

lit <hunkqsh ishi, imanukfda shananchi
pert, lush/Hi

pertain, to; ahalaia, aiachqfa
pertinacious, achunanchi
perturbation, imanukfda laua
pervade, to; lopalli
perverse; banshkiksho, na shanaiya, nu-

Icon shall, shanaia

pervert, to; okpqni, shanaiqchi, yoshobbi
pervert the heart, to; chunkash sha-

pervert the mind, to; imanukfila sha-
nanchi

perverted; okpulo, shanaia, yoshoba

perverted in opinion, imanukfila sha
naia

perverter; ok pa it i, i/oshobbi

pest; abeka okpulo, nan okpulo

pester, to; anumpulechi, apistikeli

pestilence; alu-ka okpulo, HUH, illilli

pestilent, isht qfekommi

pestle; kitqpi, kitush

pestle handle, kitush qpi

pet; alhpoa, nukoa

pet, to; apobachi

petition; anumpa asilhha, asilhha, holisso
asilhha

petition, to; asilhha, asilhhqchi

petitioner; asilhha, nana silhha

petrifaction; itqlbansa, tqlba^sa, tali toba

petrified, tali toba

petrify, to; tali ikbi, tali toba

petticoat; qlhkuna kolofa, askufa, askufa
tqj>a

petty, iskitini

petulant, -Mil qfekommi

pew, abinili

pewter, naki kqllo

pewter plate, naki kqllo aiimpa

phantasm; inninukjUu, iti boli

phantom; •imaiiukfila,

Pharisee, FaHm'.

phial, kotobiifihi

philosopher, nan ikhana

phlegm; ibilhkan, kala»fa, iroshoki

plilegmatic; ibilhkan rhito, kap(issa

phrase, tntu/iijxi

phrase, to; attanipiili

phthisis, nitksh!ni»fa

physic; iktinrhi, ikhi»sh

physic, to; ,,tbql o,,t iachi

physician; alikrhi, allikchi

piazza; aboha apishia, aboha hoshontika,
apashia, apishia, chukimpqta, hoshontika
piazza, post, hoshontikiyi
pick, isht kula

pick, to; atokulit ishi, qmo, qpa, ban,
chanli, chinijfi, chinoli, emo, ishmo, kili,
nalichi, shell

pick off the hair, to; tikaffi
pick out, to; atokulit aiyua, foeli, fulli,

shinli

pick out, to cause to; fullichi
pick out seed, to; niheli
pick the teeth, to; shinli
pick up, to; aioa, aiyoa, apoyua
pickax; isht chanli, isht kula
picked; qlmo, shinya
picked off, naha
picked up; aioa, aiyua
picker; qmo, hopohka, nan qmo, sheli,

shinli

picket, holihta halupa
picket, to; holihta halupa ikbi
pickle, oka hqpi yqmmi
pickle, to; oka hqpi yqmmi fohki
picture; holba, na holba, isht qlhpisa
picture, to; lanfit hobachi
picture of a man; hatak holba, shilup
piece; atqptua, holisso, kobulli, lishoa, tu-

chali, tushafa, lushali, tushtua
piece, small; chinifa
piece, thin; pasa
piece, to; achakqli
piece split, palanta
pied; bakoa, bakoko^a
pied, to make; bakoqchi
pierce, to; bahqfi, ball, honqli, lifelichi,
lifinha, lopolichi, lu,"a, lukafa, lumpa,
lumpli
pierced; baha, honala, lopoli, lukafa, lu-

kali, lumpa

piercer; -isht baha, lumpli
pig, ahukhiishi
pig, to; che.li, shukhushicheli
pig of lead; nakifabqssa, naki palqlka
pigeon, pqchi
pigeon egg, pqchushi
pigeon roost; pqchaiasha, pqchanusi
pigeon shot, nakunshi
piggin; isht ochi, oka anlhto, oka isht ochi
pigmy, hatak inmoma
pigpen, shukha i»ho/lihta
pigsty, shukha inchuka
pike (a fish i, bam
pike (a weapon;, n.a halupa

BTINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

519

piked, halupa

pile; fohopa, itanaha, itqnahqchi, nakacho-

sha

pile, to; itqnnali, itqnnalichi
pile of corn, qlhpinkqchi
piled, itanaha

pilfer, to; hunkupa, nan chokushpa hun
kupa

pilferer, nan chokushpa hunkupa
pilgrim, hatak nowqt anya
pilgrimage, nowqt a^ya
pill; ikhinsh lumbo, ikhinsh lumboa
pillage, na wehpoa

pillage, to; wehpuli, wehputfullota, weli
pillar; hika, inhika, tonnik
pillion, ohoyo aiomanili
pillow, alhpishi
pillow, to; alhpishi
pillow, to prepare a; qlhpishechichi
pillowcase; alhpishi afoka, alhpishi in-

shukcha
pilot; hatak peni isht anya, intikba heka,

peni isht anya, tikba heka
pilot, to; peni isht anya
pilotage; qlhtoba, peni isht a™ya imqlh-

toba

pimple; lakchi, tanlakchi, tansh lakchi
pin; atakali, atakoli, chufak ushi, chufak

yushkoboli, iti chufak, iti isht ahonqla,

na halupa

pin, headed; yushkoboli
pin, wooden; iti tqla, itichakbi
pin, to; kamassalli
pin maker, chufak ush ikbi
pincers; isht kiselichi, tali isht kiseli
pinch, chiniffi
pinch, to; chinoli, ilbqshali, katali, katan-

lichi, kopoli, yikiffi

pinch with the fingers, to; chiniffi
pinched; chininffa, chinowa
pincher, chiniffi
pinchers, isht kiselichi
pinching, chinowa
pine, tiak
pine, dry; shohala
pine, longleaf; tiak f anya
pine, riven; tiak shima
pine, to; liposhichi
pine, yellow; tiak hobak
pine, young; tiak ushi
pine away, to; liposhi
pine knot; pinkshi, tiak pinkshi
pine shingle, tiak shima
pine wood, tiak

pined away, liposhi

pinfeather; aliktichi, hishi alikti

pinion, to; ibbak takchi, sanahchi takchi

pinioned, ibbak talakchi

pink, a; haiyunkpulo pakanli ftumma

pink, the Carolina; haiyunkpulo pa-

kanli humma
pinnacle, wishakchi
pinned, kamassa
pinner, itakamassalli
pint; isht ishko latassa achafa, koat iklanna
pintado; aka^k kofi, koji chito
piny, tiak f oka
piny region, tiak f oka
pioneer, tikbanya hinikbi
pious; aba anumpa nukfoka aianJi, aba

anumpa yimmi aiali
pipe; ayanglli, hakchuma ashunka, hakchu-

ma shuti, isht punfa, italhfoa chito, os-

kula, uskula
pipe, to; uskula olachi
piper, uskula olachi
pique, 7iukoa
pique, to; chunkash bili, chunkash nali,

nukoachi
piqued; chunkash bila, chunkash nala, nu-

koa
pirogue; iti kula peni, peni, peni kula

falaia

pismire, shunkani
pistol; tanamp puskus, tanamp ushi
pit; chiluk, chilukoa, chuluk, hichukbi, la-

chowa, yakni chiluk, yakni kula
pit, natural; hochukbi
pit, tan; ahummachi
pit of the stomach, inwalwa
pitch; tiak nia kallo, tiak nia lua
pitch, the; aiali
pitch, to; akka ia, pila
pitch (a tune), to; taloa
pitch (cover with pitch), to; apolusli
pitch a camp, to; qlbinachi, bina hilechi
pitch down, to; lotama
pitch down, to give a; lotqmmi
pitch of a hill, nqnih akkia
pitch too high, to; iskitinichi
pitched; apolusa, qlhpolosa, hika, hikia
pitcher; isht ishko chaha, oka aiqlhto
pitchfork, tali chufak
piteous, ilbqsha
pith; iskuna, kallo
pithy; iskuna laua, kallo
pitiable, nukhanklo
pitiful, nukhanklo

520

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pittance, kanomusi

pity, nukhanklo

pity, to; nukhanklo

pivot, <i iontalqt fulokachi

placable, yukpa hinla

place; a, aiusha,foka

place, steep; sakti chaha

place, that; t/qinnia

place, this; fdl:l<t, i/akohmika

place, to; hilechi, talali, taloli

place before, to; tikba kali

place in, to; shamqllichi

place in the arms, to; shakbafohki

place not plowed, i/akni ikapatafo

place of another, to be in the; alhtoba

place on, to; dta/dli, o/i/<ila/i

place ruled; dpelichi, apcllchika

place shaved, shdnji

place wide apart, to; shauahqchi

placed; hieli, hika, hikia, (alaia, taloha,

tqla

placed in; achushkqchi, shamqlli
placed in, being; achushkanchi
placed in the arms, sftakba foka
placed in the hand, ibbakfoka
placed in there, afohka
placed on; atalaia, at aloha
placenta, haiombish
placer, hi lech i
placid; nuktanla, yokopa
plague; abeka okpulo, ataklqma, ataklq-

inoli

plague, to; anumpulethi, apistike.li
plaguy, i.^/t aft kom in I
plain (evident); ai<t»/i, haiaka, lumiksho
plain (level), patanqrhf
plain, a; //akni iiidtnli, ynkni pa tali, pa-

tdNdchi, i/dhiii jtdtusfiachi
plain, to; patnsachi
plain, to make; haiakachechi
plainly; achukniat, djtiHMinfit, hdidkat
plaint; i/lxisha, nukhdnklo
plaintive, nnkhd»kln
plait; dirtilakddii , fxuid
plait, to; <iir(iluknrh<rhi, pnnni, pokoli,

}>itli, /d/idjfo, tdnti, fdndjfo
plaited; (nntldkwhi, nlhtfimuifo, pnna,

/>!//(!, tdlltldjt'o, tdntld, tdlltidl/'()

plaiter; uicalakachechi, j>dnni, pull, ta-

>«</»

plan; nhni, <i]>cxn, idif alhpiftti
plan secretly, to; liihmit ttnnn npatn
plane; i*ht s//«n//\ /// /.,»•/,/ shti'iji'i, ill isht

shd"jit hdluxkichi

plane, to; halushkichi,

planed; halushki, shanfa

planed board, iti shanfa

planer, iti shanfi

planet; fichik, Jichik chito

plank; iti basha, iti bqsha sukko

plank, to; iti basha patali

plant; alba, haiyunkpulo, haiyuflkpulo ho-

lokchi, holokchi, na holokchi
plant, a certain; nkunti, hash-fako, kifash,

oni

plant, sensitive; tohkil
plant, to; hokchi
plant at, to; ahokchi
plant with something, to; ahokchichi
plantation; apelichika, osapa
planted, holokchi
planted, ground; aholokchi
planter; hatak osapa tonksali, hokchi, na

hokchi, osapa toksali
plaster, isht qlhpolosa
plaster, to; apolusli
plastered; qlhpolosa, apolusa
plasterer, apolu-sli
plastering, apolusli
plat; osapa, tarmqffo, yakni pattasqchi

iskitini

plat, to; tana (/o
plate; aiimpa, amphata, ampmalaspoa,

ampmalasica, dinpmalqsm
plate, large; anippatassa
plate over, to; akkoli
plate with brass, to; tali laknn isht qlh-

kohachi

plate with silver, to; tali hqt a akkoli
plated; akkoli, qlhkoha, lapali
plated with brass, tali lakna isht qlhkoha
platform, •///' patqlhpo
platter; amphqta chito, ampmalaspoa
play; aiilaualli, ilaiialli, -irashoha
play, to; bqska, ibaiilaualli, HauqUi, ola-

chi, sunksowa, irashoha
play, to make; ilauallichi, irashohachi
play ball, to; foil.
playday, tnfak ilaiiqlli
player; Hanqlli, olachi, (oil, irashoha
playfellow, ibdiiladqlli
playground; aiilaualli, a irashoha
playhouse, diiland//! chuka
playmate, ibaiihntqlli
plaything, v',s7// irashoha
plead, to; anninpidi, apepoa
pleader, hatak anumpuli
pleasant; arhiikitia, hochukma, nita^ki,

shohmakali, yohbi, yukpa

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

521

pleasant, to render; yohbichi
pleasant to the sight, to become; pisa

aiukli
pleasant to the taste; akomachi, kq-

shaha

please, to; qlhpesa, yukpalechi, yukpali
pleased; ayukpa, hqlhpanshi, yukpa
pleaser, yukpali
pleasing, aiukli

pleasure; na yukpa, nana aiisht ilaiyukpa
pleasure, expressing; yakoke
pleasure, to give; yukpali
pledge; ahinna, boli
pledge, to; ahinnqchi, boli, hilechi
pledged, ahinna
pleiades, the; fichik watqlhpi
plenary, aiqlhtaha
plenitude; aiqlhtaha, alota
plenteous; apakna, laua
plentiful, laua
plenty; apakna, laua
plenty, to make a; apaknqchi
plethora; issish inchito, issish inlaua
plethoric; issish inchito, issish inlaua,

michila

pleura, the; chunuko
pleurisy; qbi, chunukqbi, illilli
pliable; hokulbi, lapushki, shanaia hinla
pliant; shanaia hinla, walohbi
plod, to; achunanchi
plot; qlhpisa, yakni qlhpisa
plover, the whistling; isi nia pichelichi
plow; isuba inehahe, yakni isht patafa
plow, to; aleli, leli, patqffi, tasqlli, yakni

bqshli, yakni pataffi
plow boy, alia yakni patqjfi
plowed; bqsha, patafa
plowed place, apatafa
plowland, patafa hinla
plowman, yakni patqffi
plowshare, yakni isht patafa tali
pluck; chunkqsh, salakha, shilukpa
pluck, to; leli, na.ffi, tqblichi, tfafi
pluck ears of corn, to; nalichi
pluck out, to; chukali, chukqffi, chukli
pluck up, to; lobq/i, lobbi, lubbi, teli
plucked out; chukafa, chukali
plucked up; lobafa, lopa, teha, tinfa
plucker; chukqjfi, chukli, teli
plug, isht qlhkqma
plug, to; kamali, kqmmi
plum, takkonlushi

plum, wild; isi intakkontushi, takkon
lushi

plum tree, takkonlush qpi

plume, shikopa

plume oneself, to; shikobli

plump; loboa, lobobumkqchi, lampko, lob-
boa, loboboa

plunder; na wehpoa, nana irehpoa

plunder, to; hunkupa, wehpuli, veil

plundered; ireha, wehpoa

plunderer; na wehpuli, wehpuli, ireli

plunge, okqttula

plunge, to; okqttula, oklobushli, oklo-
bushlichi, oklubbi

plunged, oklobushli

plunger, oklobushli

plurality, tuklokia atampa

ply, to; anta, toksqli

poach, to; auqshli

poached, qltrasha

poacher, akank hunkupa

pock; chilakwa, lachowa

pocket; afoha, ilefoka shukcha, shukcha

pocketbook; holisso aiqlbiha shukcha, ho-
lisso inshukcha

pocketknife, bqshpo polorna

pod; haiyunkpulo nihi hakshup, hakshup

pod, to; hakshup toba

poet; ataloa ikbi, taloa ikbi

poignant; halupa, homi

point; aiahni, halupa, wishakchi

point, highest; tabokoa

point, to; haluppqchi, tali

point, to be without a; tokumpa

point at, to; abilibli, bili, bilibli

point of a knife, bqshpo wishakchi

point of a needle, chufak wishakchi

point of an auger, ishtfotoha wishakchi

point of the elbow, shakba inshunkq?ii

point out, to; atokoli, bilibli

pointed; chunsa, halupa, ibakchufanli,
ibakchufanshli, ibakpishanli, ibakpishan-
shli, tqla

pointed at, abila

pointed at, the place; abilepa

pointed out; atokowa, qlhtoka, qlhtokoa

pointer; bilibli, na bili

pointers (stars), fichik issuba

poise; isht weki, tali isht weki, tali uski,
weki

poise, to; weki itilauichi, wekichi

poised, weki itilaui

poison, isht illi

poison, to; isht illifohki, isht illi ipeta

poison of serpents, lakna

poisoned, isht illi f oka

522

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pokeweed, koshiba

polar, falamini pilla

polar star, falammi fichik

pole* itifabqssa, ilifabqssoa, kohta

pole, to; abili

pole of a cart, isunlash

polecat, koni

poled; abela, abila, abeta

polish, inillinta

polish, to; inillinta, millintachi

polished, inillinta

polisher, millintachi

poll, // ushkobo

poll, to; naksish nalichi, naksish tqptuli

poll tax; nushkobo alobbi, nushkobo
chumpa

pollard; Iqpish kobafa, naksish naha

polliwog, yalabba

pollute, to; liteli

polluted; liteha, okpulo

pollution; liteha, okpulo

poltroon; hatak hobak, hobak

polyandry, hatak inlaua

polygamy, tckchi inlaua

pommel; ibish, isuba umpatqlhpo nush
kobo, nushkobo

pommel, to; litoli

pommeled, liloa

pomp; ilefehnachi, isht ilawata

pompion, isito

pompous, ilefehnachi

pond; haiyip, hohtak, okhqtushi

pond, large; okhqta

pond, small; hohtak ushi

pond, to; haiyip ikbi

ponder, to; anukfilli

ponderous; weki, wekifehna

poniard, isht itibbi

pontoon, peni. patqssa

pony; isuba, isuba iskitini

pool, oka atalaia

poor; chirnna, ilbasha, kopipia, makali,
shulla

poor, to make; ehunnachi

poor man, hatak ilixisha

poorly, ant-kti chuhmi

poorness, chunna

pop; basaha, basak, lukalirhi, palak

pop, to; baxalta, . bamhkqchi, basakachi,
basal i, basisakqchi, titkafa

pop, to cause to; basahachi

popping; basahkqchi, basal i, basasunkqehi

popping, to cause a; bnxnlichi

populate, to; aioklqchechi

population, okla

populous; oklac.hito, okla laua

porch; aboha hoshontika, apashia, chuka-

pishia, hoshontika
pore, laksha akucha
pore over, to; pisa
pork, shukha nipi
pork, fat; shukha nia
pork, lean; shukha nipi
pork, to cure; shukha nipi shileli
porridge, bean; bqla okehi
porringer, alia aiimpa
port, peni ataiya
portable; shala hinla, shola hinla
porter, okhisa apistikeli
portico; aboha hoshontika, apashia
portion; holhpela, kashkoa, osapa
portmanteau, ivak hakshup shukcha
positive, aianli
possess, to; immi
possessed, fohka
possession, ishi
possessor; inhikia, imansha,
possible; chalek, chali, na fehna, yohma

hinla

possibly; chalik, chalin, chishba
post; ahika, iti hika, iyi, tonnik
post, military; tqshka chipota ahcli
post, to; anoachi
postage; qlhtoba, holisso qlhtoba, holisso

noicqt anya qlhtoba
posted, anoa
posterity; isht ataya, ushi
posthaste, tushpa
postman, holisso shali
postmaster, holisso nowqt anya ishi
post office; holisso nowqt anya inchuka,

holisso shali inchuka
postpone, to; qbanqblichi, mishemanchit

apcsa

postponed; qbanqpa, mishemqt qlJipisa
pot; alabocha, shuti, shuti iyasJta
pot, large; ii/asha chito
pot, small; iyashushi, shutushi
pot, to; shuti fohki
pot, water; shuti oka aiqlhto
pot lid; iyasha onlipa, shuti asha

shuti iyasha onlipa
potable, ishko hinla
potash; hituk, hituk tohbi
potation, ishko
potato, ahe

potato, boiled; ahc holbi
potato, Irish; na hollo imahe

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

523

potato, rotten; ahe shua

potato, wild; ahe kamqssa, ahsakti, kun-

shak ahe

Potato-eating people, ahe pqta okla
potato hill; ahe bunto, ahe ibish
potato hills, to make ; ahe buntuchi
potato house, ahe inchuka
potato patch, ahe aholokchi
potato vine; ahqpi, ahe qpi
potency, kallo

potent; kallo, kilimpi, palammi
potentate; hatak palammi, minko
pother, ataklama

pother, to; aiyokomichi, ataklqmmi
pothook; asonak atakali, asonak isht ta-

lakchi, iyasha isht talakchi
potion, ishko achafa
potsherd, ampkoa
pottage, labocha
potter; ampo ikbi, shuti tana
pottery; amphqta, ampo
pottery, a; ampatoba
pouch; atohchi, bahtushi
poultice, ashela
poultice, to; ashela lapalechi
poultry, akanka
pounce, hushi iyakchush
pounce, to; yichijfi
pound; iveki, weki achafa
pound, one; weki achafa
pound, to; boli, hopu^si, hussi, isso, kq-

baha

pound fine, to; botoli
pound there, to; ahosi
pounded; boa, bota, holhpiLsi, holussi
pounder; ilefoka isht boa, kitush, nan isht

boa

pounds, 2,000; weki talepa sipokni tuklo
pour, to; folichi, lali, latapa, latqbli,

yanqlli

pour, to cause to; lalichi
pour from, to; tosholi
pour in, to; ani
pour in with, to; ibani
pour into, to; ani, tosholi
pour out, to; akkalaya, fohobli, fohopa,

tosholi

pour out and scatter, to; akkalatapa
poured down, akkalatapa
poured in; qlhto, ibqlhto
poured out; fohopa, toshoa
pourer, lali
pout, to; hqshanya, ibaksukunlichi, ok-

yauinli

pouter, okyauinli

poverty; aiilbqsha, ilbqsha

powder; bota, botulli, hituk

powder, to; botolichi, pushechi

powder charger, hituk isht qlhpisa

powder with wheat flour, to; bota
tohbi isht onfimmi

powdered; bota, bota onfima

powdered fine, pushi

powderhorn; hituk aiqlhto, Iqpish hituk
aiqlhto

powdermill; hituk aiikbi, hituk atoba

power; aianli, aialika, aiqlhpesa, isht
shima, iti isht shima, kallo, kilimpi,
minko, na kallo, nan isht aianli, palammi

powerful; kallo, kilimpi, palammi

powerless, kallo keyu

pox, yukbqbi

practicable, yqmohma hinla

practical, yqmohma hinla

practice; abqchi, yqmohmi

practice, to; abqchechi, abqchi, qlbqchi,
yqmohmi

practice (as a physician), to; alikchi

practiced upon with tricks, fappo
onuttula

practicer; abqchi, isht qtta, yqmohmi

practitioner, isht qtta

prairie, oktak

prairie, small; oktak ushi

praise, isht anumpa

praise, to; afehnichi, anumpuli, holito-
blit isht anumpuli, taloa

praise in song, to; taloa

praiser, isht anumpuli

prance, to; hattaui, tulli

prance, to cause to; hattauichi

prancer, hattauichi

prank, ilauata

prank, to; shema, shemqchi

prate, to; anukchilafa, anukchilali, anum
puli shali, himakfokalit anumpuli

prater; anukchilafa, anukchilali, anum
puli shali

prattle, to; bqlbaha

pray, to; anumpuli, asilhha, aba anum
puli, aba pit anumpuli

pray for, to; aba isht anumpuli

pray to, to; ilbqsha

prayer, anumpa asilhha

prayer book, anumpa asilhha holisso

prayerful, A ba inki imasilhha shali

prayerless, asilhha keyu

524

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

preach, to; anoli, anumpuli, aba anumpa
isht anumpuli, aba anumpa isht qtta, aba
anumpuli, aba isht anumpuli

preach in the open air, to; kucha aia-
numpuli

preached, anumpa

preacher; aba anumpa isht anumpuli,
aba anumpa isht atta, aba anumpuli, aba
isht anumpuli

preacher, field; kucha aianumpuli

preaching, anumpuli

precaution, to; tikbanli inmiha

precede, to; tikba anya

precedent, tikba

precept, anumpa alhpisa

preceptor; ikhananchi, nan ikhananchi

precinct, apelichika fullota

precious; achafoa, holitopa

precipice, sakti chaha

precipitancy; amoshuli, tushpa

precipitate, to; akka itula, amohsholechi,
amoshuli, tunshpa, tunsJtpalechi

precipitated, tunshpa

precipitous; (imosholi, apissanlit, alh-
piesa, tushpa

preclude, to; kamali, katabli

precluded; katapa, kama

preconcert, to; tikba apesa

preconcerted, tikba alhpisa

precursor, tikbanya

predestinate, to; tikbanli apesa

predetermine, to; tikbanli apesa

predicate, to; anoli

predict, to; tikbanli t anoli

prediction, tikbanli anoli anumpa

predictor, tikbanli anoli

predominant, inshali

predominate, to; ixhal'u'hi

preemption, apoa

preengage, to; apobachi

prefer, to; holitoblichi, i

preferable, achukma i

prefix, to; likla atali, tikba hilechi

pregnancy; cfidkali, uxhl i»fohka

pregnant; aiixht inchakali, chakali, cha
kali, kaii/<t, nshi i'lfohka, ushi kaii/a

pregnant, to become; a/la i»foka

prejudge, to; (ikbanlit anukjilli

prejudgment, tikbanli imanukjila

prejudice, tikbanli imanukjila

prejudice, to; imanukjila shananchi

prejudiced, nuktala

premeditate, to; tikbanlit anukjilli

premium, alhtoba

premonish, to; tikbanli inmiha •
preoccupy, to; tikbanli ishi
preparation; aialhpesa, alhtaha
prepare, to; apoksia, apoksiachi, atali,

alhtaha

prepared; alhtaha, imalhtaha
prepared victuals, pinak
preparer, atali

preponderate, to; weki inshali
prepossess, to; imanukjila shananchi,

tikbanli ishi

preposterous; achukma, okpulo
presbyter; asanonchi, aba anumpuli iksa

nana isht imatta, hatak asahnonchi
Presbytery, aba anumpuli iksa nana ishi

imgshwa aliha

prescience, tikbanli ikhana
prescribe, to; apesa
prescribe medicine, to; ikhfosh apesa
presence, itintakla

present, himak, himmona, tankla ansha
present, a; chukalaha, habena, halbina,

na halbina, nan ilhpita, nan isht aiok-

pachi
present, to; habenachi, haiakachi, hilechi,

ima, ipeta

present day, himak nitak
present generation, himona hofanti
present time; himak nitak, himaka
presented; habena, haiaka, halbina
preserve, to; achebachi, halalli, ilatomba,

ishi, okchalinchi, yammichi
preserver, apoba
preserver of life, okchanyachi
preside, to; pclichi
preside in, to; apelichi
president; mi^ko, pelicheka, pclichi
President of the United States, the;

Finki chito, Pinki chitokaka, Pinki ish-

toka

presiding officer; anumpeshi, pelicheka
press; akantalichi, nafoka abohushi
press, to; akantalechi, akantali, ateblichi,

atclija, atunshpalechi, bushli, katitati,

tikcli

press against, to; bikeli, tikcli. tobli
press down, to; alhtekachi
press in the throat, to; anukbikeli
press on, to; atcbli, ateblichi, bitcpa, om-

bitcjxi
press on with the hand, to; umbitcpa,

umbitka
press together, to; akantalechi, akmo-

chi, akopulechi, itakopulechi, kamassalli

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

525

press up, to; bokonoli

pressed; akanta, atelifa

pressed against, bokonnoa

pressed down in, attia

pressed on both sides, atukonofa

pressed together, kamqssa

presser, ateblichi

pressure in the throat, to cause;

anukbikelichi

presume, to; ahni, imahoba
presumption, imahoba
presumptuous; Mmak fokalechi, ilapunla
pretend, to; ahobi, ilahobbi, pisa
pretended, ilahobbi
pretender; ilahobbi, nan ilahobbi
pretense, ilahobbi
pretext, nan isht amiha
pretor, nan apesa
pretty; achukma, aiukli, chohmi
prevail, to; imaiya, inshali
prevail against, to; imaiyachi
prevalent; aianlifehna, inshali
prevaricate, to; anumpa shanaioa, sha-

naioii

prevarication, anumpa shanaioa
prevaricator, anumpa shanaioa
prevent, to; alqmmi, alqmmichi, atak-

Iqmmi, ataklqmoli, oktqbli, olabechi,

olqbbechi
prevented; alaina, ataklqina, ataklqmoa,

oktqpa

previous, tfokba
previous time, at a; tinkbaha
previously, tinkbaha
prey; imilbik, na wehpoa, wehpoa
prey, to; obit qpa, hunkupa, wehpuli
price; aiqlbi, aiqlli, aiilli, qlbi, alhtoba,

iqlli, itiqlbi, itiqlli
price, to; aiqlbichi, aiilli onuchi, aiillichi,

glbichi, iqllichi
price high, to; aiili chitoli
priced, aiilli onitula
priced high; aiilli chito
priceless, aiilli iksho
prick, to; ball, bili, bilibli, hauashko,

homi

pricked; bciha, bila
pricket, m nakni Iqpish falaktuchi
prickle, to; hushshiho
prickly ash, ikhi^sh patqssa
prickly heat, itomushi
pride; fchnqchi, ilefehnqchi
pride, to; ilefehnqchi
pried; afena, afinkqchi
prier, pisa

priest; aba anumpa isht qtta, hatak hullo,
holitompa, hopaii, na holitompa isht an-
sha, na holitompa isht qtta, na hollochi,
na hollochi iksa, nan apuskiachi

priesthood, aba anumpa isht qtta imqlh-
tat/ak

prig; hatak isht qfekommi, hunkupa

prim, to; shema, shemqchi

primary, tikba

prime, achukma aiqli

prime, to; cheli, haksun oncheli, oncheli,
haksun onchiya

priming, hituk. haksun onchiya

priming pan; haksun, haksun aionchiya,
hituk aionchiya

priming wire, haksun chilak isht shinli

primitive, nitak linkba

primogenital, qtta qmmona

primogeniture; qtta qmmona, qttahjn

prince; chitokaka, holitompa, minko

prince of darkness, nan isht ahollo ok-
pulo

princess, ohoyo mi^ko

principal, inshali

principal, a; inshali hatak, pelichi

principle, aiyqmohmi

principle, to; nukfokechi

principled, nukfoka

prink, to; ilefehnqchi

print, holisso

print, to; holisso ikbi, holissocM

printed; holisso, inchunwa

printer; holisso ikbi, holissocM

printing office, holisso aiikbi

prior, tinkba

prison; aboha kqllo, nan aiapistikeli

prison, to; aboha kqllo foki

prisoned, aboha kqllo f oka

prisoner; aboha kqllo qlhpinta, aboha
kqllo f oka, aiashqchi, hatak yuka, yuka

prisoner, female; ohoyo yuka

private; ilap imitii, nana luma

private, a; tqshka chipota

privateer, hatak hunkupa penifokqt anya

privation; iksho, ilbqsha

privily, luma

privity, lumat ikhana

privy, luma

prize; alhtoba, wehpoa

prizer, aiilli onuchi

probable; chechik, chiishke, chinshki, he-
pulla

probably, achike, achini, atoshke, chalin,
chechik, chechike, chik, chinshki, hota,
hotukohmi, hotukok, tokok, tuma

526

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4<>

probity; apissanli, kostini

proboscis, ibishakni

proceed, to; ia, kucha, ma^ya

proceed out of, to; akucha, toba

proceeding, ia

proceeds, isht ilahauchi

process, ma^ya

procession; itakaiyatia, itichapatia

proclaim, to; anoachi, anoli

proclaimed, anoa

proclaimer, anoachi

proclamation, anumpa

procrastinate, to; abanablichi, abanapa

procreate, to; ikbi

procreator; ikbi, inki

procure, to; ahauchi, ishi

procure by hiring, to; tohno

procurer, ahauchi

prodigal, isht yopula

prodigally, isht yopulat

prodigious, chito

prodigy, pisa inla

produce; qlhpoa, waya

produce, to; ikbi, waya, wayachi

produce pods, to; hakshup toba

product, airaya

productive, awayafehna

profane; isht yopula, okpulo

profane, to; kobaj/l, okpani

profaned, kobafa

profanely, -isht yopulat

profaneness, chakapa

profaner; kobaffi, okpani

profess, to; ilahobbi, miha

profess religion, to; aba anumpuli iba-

foka

professed, ilahobbi
profession; alhtayak, miha
professor; holisso ithananchi, ilahobbi
professor of the Gospel, aba anumpa

i/ i mini

proffer, imissa
proffer, to; imissa
proff erer, im issa
proficient, hatak imponna
profit; audit ilahauchi, isht ahauchi
profitable; aiisht ilahauchi, aiisht ilapisa,

alhpesa

profited; ahauchi, aiyukpa
profligate, htiksi

profligate, a; halal: W;.s/', hatak okpulo
profound; /tofohi, ktilln
profound, the; okhata chito

profuse, chito

profusely; chito, laua

progenitor, aiisht atiaka

progeny; ataya, atia, hatak isht unchololi,

isht atiaka

prognosticate, to; tikbanlit anoli
prognosticator; nan ithana, tikbanli

anoli

progress, to; i^shali, many a
progression, 7nanya
project; aiahni, imanukfila
project, to; anoli, apesa, kucha pit hikia,

kucha takanli, lanfi, pila
projection; chakbi, shakampi
prolific; cheli imponna, -wayafehna
prolix; falaia, salaha
prolong, to; falaiachi
prolonged, falaia

prominent; chito, haiaka, kucha hikia
promise; anumpa, miha
promise, to; anumpa ilonuchi, imissa,

miha

promiser, miha
promontory, shakampi
promote, to; apelachi
promoter, apelachi
prompt, tunshpa achukma
prompt, to; aiyimitachi, atohnuchi, ok-

chalcchi

prompter, atohnuchi
promulgate, to; anoachi, anoli
promulgator; anoachi, anoli
promulge, to; anoachi, anoli
prone; banna, lipia
proneness, lipia
prong; filamminchi, ivashala
prong, to make a; washalachi
pronged; ivahhaloha, irahhala, wakcha,

washaloha, washqla
pronounce, to; anumpuli
pronounced, anumpa
pronunciation, anumpuli
prop; isht ilaneli, isht tikili, isht tikoli,

tikcli

prop, to; tikclichi
propagate, to; chcli, lauachi
propagator, anumpa fnnmi
propel, to; tobli

proper; anli, alhpcsa, ilap ii/tnii, imanka
property, iniilayak
property in, innni

prophecy; anumpa tlk'oanli anoli, tik
banli anoli, tikbanli anoli anumpa

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

527

prophesier, tikbanli anoli

prophesy, to; na tikbanli anoli, tikbanlit

anoli
prophet; hopaii, hopaii puta, nan ikhana,

nan ithana

propinquity; aiitinbilinka, bilinka
propitiate, to; hopolachi, hopolalli, nuk-

talali

propitiator, hopolachi
propitious; kana, nukhanklo
proportion, kashapa
proportion, to; kashkoli
proposal, imissa
propound, to; imissa
propounder, imissa
propped, tikeli
proprietary, ilap immi
prorogue, to; abanablichi
proscribe, to; illiissa
proscription, illiissa anumpa
prosecute, to; aianlichi, anumpa kallo

onuchi, anumpa onuchi, atali
prosecuted, anumpa kallo onutula
prosecution, anumpa kallo onutula
prosecutor; anumpa kallo onuchi, anum
pa onuchi

proselyte, nan inla yimmi
proselyte, to; nana inla yimmihechi
prospect; ahoba, apinsa, apisaka, pisa
prospective, tikbanlit pisa
prosper, to; aianli, aiokpachi
prospered, aiaflli
prostitute, ohoyo haui
prostitute, to; haui toba
prostrate; fabassat itonla, kinafa
prostrate, to; akkachi, kinalichi
prostrated; akkama, kinali
prostration; itola, lipia
protect, to; apohkochi, atukko, atukku-

chi, hofantichi, okchalinchi
protected; apohko, hofanti, okchanya
protection; apohko, atukko
protector, aiatokko
protest, to; miha
protract, to; achibali,falaiachi
protracted, falaia

protrude, to; tikba chajichi, tikba tobli
protuberant, chito
proud; auata, fehnachi, ilalechia, ilcfeh-

nachi

proud, to make; fehnachi
prove, to; akostininchi, anli, anlichi, pisa
proved; atokowa, pulla
proverb, anumpa

provide, to; ahauchi, atali, inshi

provided, ataha

providence; akaniohmi, atali, ilahtali

Providence (the Deity), Aba pinki

provider; atali, ilhpak atali

province; apelichika, yakni

provision, atali

provisions; ilhpa, ilhpak, pinak, pinak
toba

provocation; nukoachi, nukpallichi

provoke, to; aiyimitachi, anukchahachi,
chililli, chilitachi, nukhobelachi, nukoa
chi, okpulochi, panfi

provoked; chilita, nukoa

provoker, nukoachi

prow; ibish, peni ibish

prowess, amoshuli

prowl, to; yulullit anya

prowler, yulullit anya

proximate, bilinka

proxy, alhtoba

prudence, ilatomba

prudent; hopoksia, ilatomba, nan ithana

prune, to; naksish nalichi

pruned, naksish nahachit taha

pruner, naksish nalichi

pry; isht a/ana, isht wakeli

pry, wooden; iti isht tonolichi

pry, to; afinni, afinnit abishtia, hoyo

j>ry into, to; pisa

pry up, to; afenali

psalm; ataloa, aba taloa, taloa

psalm book, holisso ataloa

psalmist, taloa ikbi

psalmody, taloa abachi

psaltery, saltili

pshaw; hin, oe

puberty, asano

public, okla moma

publican, pablikan

publication, anoli

publish, to; anoli, haiakachi, holisso ikbi

published, anoa

publisher, nan anoli

puccoon, pishkak

pucker; akkapushli, awalakachi

pucker, to; awalakachechi, nuktakba, po-
koli, shinoffi, shinoli, yikulli

pucker, to cause to; itukwislichi, poku-
lichi

puckered; awalakachi, yikota

pudding; ashela, bahpo

puddle; haiyip, oka talaia

pudenda mulieris, imoksini

528

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

pudgy, nia

puerile; (ilia chuhmi, alia ilahobbi

puff, pafachi

puff, to; apunfachi, chitot fiopa, fohukli,

pafachi, shitimmi
puffball, pakti shobota
puffed; alhpunfa, ilefehnachi
puffy; alhpunfa chuhmi, shitimmi
pugilist, ibbak isht itibbi
pugnacious, nukoa shall
puke; hoeta, hoctachi, hohoeta, ikhinsh ish-

kot hoita

puke, to; hoeta, hohoetachi
puke, to cause to; hoctachi
puke continually, to; hohoeta
puking and purging, italankla ont ia
pule, to; k if aha
pull, halalli
pull, to; a/no, halalli
pull down, to; halat akkachi
puU off, to; l((/i
pull out, to; chukali, chukalichi, chukaj/i,

chukli, halat kuchi, kohchi, kuchi, shell,

li"Ji

pull out, to make; chukalichi
pull up, to; pU((/i, teli, ti"Ji
pulled, (ilmo

pulled out; chukafa, chukali, linfa
pulled up; teha, tinfa
puller, halalli
pullet, akank tek hinimita
pulmonary disease, nukshulla
pulp; lupi, nipi
pulpit; ah i kt at anumpuli, aianumpuli,

aba aianumpuli
pulsate, to; mitikminli, mitilhmii/a, mo-

tnkli, nuktimekachi, timikmeli
pulsation; tnitikii, mitilhmiya, nukkite-

kach i, nu ktimekach i
pulse, the; michilhha, mitikminli, mitilh-

m iya

pulverize, to; botoli, botolichi, pushechi
pulverized; bota, pashi
pump, to; ha lali
pumpkin, ixilo

pumpkin, cooked or stewed; is! to honni
pumpkin, yellow or hard-shelled;

/.S 1 1<> .S1'/ Id

pumpkin, yellow or ripe; isito lakna

pumpkin color, {ikoira

pumpkin stem, ixftt takali

pumpkin vine, ?W/o (i]>i

punch; v'.s7// lain i>a, tali ishf turn pa

punch, to; {uknlirfti, lukafi

punched; lukafa, lukali

puncheon; italhfoa chito, iti pala patalh-

po, pataspoa

puncher; isht lumpa, lunlichi
punctual, tushpa
puncture; alumpa, lumpli
puncture, to; lumpli
punctured; lukafa, lumpa
pungency; homi, nukhomi
pungent; homi, nukhomi
pungent, to render; nukhomechi
punish, to; fammi, isikkopali, nana ka-

nihchi

punished; fama, isikkopa, nana kaniohmi
punishment, ilbasha
puny; hashonti, iskitini
pup, to; ofunsikcheli
pupil; alia holisso pisa, holisso pisa, nan

ikhana, nana aiithqna
pupil of the eye, nishkin nihi
pupilage, alia holisso pisa
puppet, hatak holba isht icashoha
puppy; ofunsik, ofushi
puppy, to; ofunsikcheli
purblind, nishkin la pa ammona
purchasable, chumpa hinla
purchase, chumpa
purchase, to; chumpa
purchase money, isht chumpa
purchaser; chumpa, nan chumpa
pure; aianli, anli, kashofa, yohbi
pure heart, chunkash anli
pureness; achuhna, shohkaivali, yohbi
purgated, kashofa
purgation; kashofa, kashoj/i
purgative, ikjiachi
purge, to; ikfia, ikjiachi, kashofli
purged, ikfia

purging; ikjiachi, italankla ont ia
purification; kashofa, kashofli
purification, ceremonious; okissa
purification day, okissa nitak
purification of oneself, Jian ilachifa
purified, kashofa
purify, to; achcfa, kashofii, kaxhofflchi,

okissachi

purify, to cause to; okissachi
purify ceremoniously, to; okissa
purity; achukma, kostini, yohbi
purl, to; chusohachi
purloin, to; hunkupa
purloiner, hunkupa
purple; hotnaii/i, homakbi, okchakalbi
purple, to; homaiyichi. homakbichi

BYIXGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LAXCUAfJE

529

purport, ahni

purport, to; ahni

purpose, ahni

purpose, to; ahni, anukfilli, apesa

purposely, ahnit

purr, kileha

purr, to; kileha

purse; shukcha, tali holisso foshukcha

purse, to; shukcha, tali holisso inshukcha

foki

purslane, lobuna
purse-proud; tali holisso isht ilawata,

tali holisso isht ilefehnqchi
pursue, to; alioa, alioli, aliyuha, iakaiya,

lioa, lioli

pursuer; iakaiya, lioli
pursuit; iakaiya, lioli
purvey, to; atali
purveyance, atali
purveyor, atali
pus, aninchichi
pus, to gather; aninchichi
push; ball, tobli
push, to; ball, tobli, topoli
push, to cause to; toblichi
push each other, to; tobli
push in, to; atclichi
push into the water, to; oka tobli
push up, to; apelichi
pusher, tobli
pushing pole, isht tobli
pusillanimity; nukshopa, nukwia
pusillanimous; nukshopa, nukwia
pusley, lobuna
pustule, tanlakchi
put, to; boli,fohki, talali
put a neckcloth on, to; inuchechi,

inuchi
put a plume upon another, to; shiko-

blichi

put among, to; ibafoki
put an end to at, to; ahokoffi
put away, to; kahpuli, kanchi
put before, to; tikba kali
put beneath, to; nutakachi
put down, to; akkaboli, ashachi
put endwise together, to; tikeli
put farther off, to; mishemachi
put forth, to; takaleehi, well
put in; abcha, a/oka, qlbihkqchi, qlhpitta,

qlhto, ilhpita
put in, to; abeli, afohka, afohkqchi, afohki,

a pitta, fohki, fohka, fokichi, maiachi
put in with, to; ibafoki, ibani

S4:j:JO°— Bull. 4G—15 34

put into a bag, to; shapulechi

put into a crack; kafali, kafoli, kafalichi

put into the hand, ibbak fohka

put into the hand, to; ibbak'fohki

put into the mouth, to; kapaii, kapa-

lichi

put off, isht amiha

put on; abeha, albihkachi, fohka, hollo
put on, to; abeli, qbanali, fohka, fohobli,

holo, holochi, ialipeU, ialipelichi, nafoka

foka, onochi, iimpatali
put on a plume, to; shikobli
put on board, to; peni chito fohki, peni

fohki, peni foka

put on ornaments, to; ilakhata, shema
put out, kucha

put out fire, to; huik inosholichi
put out of joint, kotali
put out of joint, to; kotalichi, kotajji
put over; auanapa, auanapoa, abanapoa,

abanapa, tanapa, tanapoa
put over, to; auanapolichi, auanablichi,

abanapolechi, abanablichi, tanapolechi
put round; folota,fololoa
put the hands on, to; bitepa
put the log out too far, to; oklafqshlichi
put through; lopoli, yululli
put through, to; lopolichi, lopullichi
put to shame, to; hofayalichi
put together, kaha
put together, to; apelichi, ibakali,

ichabli, itabana, itabani
put together with, to; aie.ninchi
put up, to; hilechi, hiolichi
put up a house, to; aboha itabanni
put up in a crack, to; kafolichi
put up to, to; atohnuchi
put with, to; aieninchi, kali
putrid, shua
putrified, shua
putrify, to; shua, shuachi
puts on, one who; onochi
putty; apisa isht alhpolosa, isht akamassa
putty, to; qlbochi, qlbokqchi
puzzle; aiitaiyokoma, itaiyoko/na
puzzle, to; aiyokoma, aiyokomi, aiyoko-

michi

p uz zl e d , a iyo ko ma
puzzler, itaiyokommi

quack; alikchi ilahobi, nan ikhana ila-

hobbi, nan ithana ilahobbi
quack, to; hinlhhinlhachi, ola
quadrangle, bolukta

530

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

quadrangular, bolukta

quadroon, na hollushi

quadruped, iyi ushta

quaff, to; chitot nanabli

quaffer, chitot nanabli

quagmire; lukchuk yalallaha, yalallaha

quail, kojl

quail, to; hauashko, nutaka ia

quail, young; kofushi

quail's egg, kofushi

quaint, inla

quake; wannichi, winnakachi

quake, to; nukshopat icannichi, winnaka
chi

qualified; aiataha, alhtaha

qualify, to; aiatali, atali

qualm, hocta banna

qualmish, hocta. banna

quantity, kanomona

quantity, small; kanomusi

Quapaw (a certain tribe), Okahpa

quarrel, itachoa

quarrel, to; achoira, nukoa

quarreler; itachoa, itinnukoa

quarrelsome; itachoa shall, itinnukoa
shali, nukoa

quarry, tali akula

quart; isht ishko patala tuklo, koat

quarter; hanali, iklannaka iklanna

quarter, to; tushali ushtali

quarterly, hashi tuchinakma

quarters, koyofa

quarters, the four; hanalushta

quash, to; akshuchi, kashoffi, litoli

quashed; aksho, kashofa, litoa

quaternion, tqshka chipota ushta

quaver, to; laloa icannichi

queasy, hocta banna

queen; ini"ko imohoyo, minko tckchi,
olioi/o -nii^ko

queen bee, foe bilishke inminko

queer, in la

quell, to; yokopachi

quelled, t/okopa

quench, to; mosholichi, yokopachi

quenchable; mosholicha hinla, yokopacha
hinla

quenched; inosholi, yokopa

querl, to; chanaha

querulous, mi inihti ahnli

query, to; aponaklo, ponaklo

quest, }/(>;/<>

quest, to; hoifo

question; c//o, ponaklo, to

question, to; panaklo, ponaklo

quibble, to; himak fokalit anumpuli

quibbler, himak fokalit anumpuli

quick; cheki, palhki, shinimpa, tushpa

quick, to; okchanya

quick-minded, imanukfila tunshpa

quick motion, nuklibckachi

quick-sighted, nishkin halup

quicken, to; ashalinchi, okchanya, ok-
chanyachi, tunshpalechi, tu^shpachi

quickened; okchanya, palhki

quickener, okchanyachi

quickly; ashalinka, cheki, chekusi, chekusi
fehna, palhki, tunshpa

quickness; palhki, shinimpa, tushpa

quicksand; shinuk haiemo, shinuk kaha

quiescent; chulosa, lurua

quiet; chilosa, chulosa, hopola, illi, nuk-
taiyala, nuktala, yokopa

quiet, to; chilosachi, chulosachi, hopola-
chi, hopolalli, nuktalachi, nuktalali, nuk-
taloli, yokopachi, yokopuli

quiet, to become; chulosa, hopola, nuk
tala

quiet, to grow; yokopa

quieted; chulosa, hopola, nuktala, yokopa

quieter; chulosachi, nuktalali

quietly, lumasi

quietness; chulosa, lurna, nuktala, yo
kopa

quietness, to cause; nuktalalichi, nuk-
talolichi

quill, hoshinshi

quilt, nan italhkatta

quilt, to; nan italhkatta ikbi

quinsy, ikonla shatali

quintal, iveki talepa achafa

quit, issa

quit, to; atobbi, issa

quit, to cause to; aiissachi, issachi

quit of, inokofa

quite; fehna, kivsha, taha

quite enough, laua qlhpcsa

quitting, issa

quiver, to; trananaha, iranaiianli, van-
nichi, yalatha, yalattakachi

quivering; irunnichl, yalatha, yalattaka
chi

quoth, achi

rabbet, to; sha^fit itiaiopitammichi
rabbeted, sha>\/it itiaiopitammi
rabbi; a"shal.i, i" shall, pin shall
rabbit; chukji, chukji lunta

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

531

rabbit, domesticated; chukfqlhpoba

rabbit, small; kuchasha

rabbit, young; chukfushi

rabble, hatak yahapa laua

rabid; holilabi, nukoa, tasembo

rabid fox; chula holilqbi, chula tasembo

rabidness; nukoa, tasembo

raccoon, a; shaui

race; aiunchululli, imaiya, isht atia, itim-
pakna, itintimiya

race, to; isuba itintimia, itintimiya

race ground, isuba aiitintimiya

race horse, isuba intintimia

racer, imaiya

rack; atikeli, qlhpoafoni, wok aiimpa

rack (for eating), aiimpa

rack, to; bichet tali, isikkopali, kaiilli,
tikelichi

racked; bichqtaha, ilbqsha, isikkopa, tikeli

racket, yahapa

racket, to make a; yahapa

racking pace, kaialli

racy, homi

radiant, tombi

radiate, to; tohwikeli, tohwikelichi, tom
bi, tombichi

radicate, to; hofobichit hilechi

raft, pehta

rafter; aboha aionholmo itiitikoli, hoshon-
tikiyi, iti itikeli, iti ititekili, tikeli

rag, na lilafa

rag, white; na hqta lilafa

rage; anukbata, anukshomunta, nukoa

rage, to; anukbata, anukshomota, chitoli,
kallo, lua, nukoa

ragged, lilalankachi

raging; anukbata, anukshomunta

rags; lilalankqchi, na lilali

rail; holihta pala, innukoa, iti pala

rail, to; holihtqchi, nanukachi, nukoa

rail stuff, iti pala

raiment; anchi, nafohka

rain, umba

rain, fine; butummi

rain, great; umba chito

rain, to; umba, umbachi

rain, to engage one to make it; um-
bachechi

rain, to make it; umbachi

rain hard, to; pakalichi, umba chitoli

rain on; to; umba

rain water; oka umba, okumba

rainbow, hinak bitepuli

rainy; umba, umba laua

raise, to; akachakali, akachakalichi, apoa,
apoachi, aba isht ia, atobachi, (Mat hofan-
tichi, bokonoli, chahachi, hilechi, hiolichi,
hofantichi, hofallichi, ikbi, itannali, takti-
lechi, tanichi, wakayohachi, wakeli, wako-
lichi

raise (as from the dead), to; okcha71-
yqchi

raise a log house, to; abqnni, aboha ita-
banni

raise the eyebrows, to; okmisikali

raise the price, to; aiilli chahachi

raised; qbaona, qlhpoa, (Mat hofanti,
chaha, hofanti, hofqlli, toba

raiser; chahachi, hofantichi, ikbi

raisin, pa^ki chito shila

raising; chahachi, itabqnni, okchanyachi

rake; chupilhkqsh isht piha, hqshuk isht
itannali, onush qpi isht peli

rake (person); hatak tasembo, tasimbo

rake, to; itannali, peli

rake an open fire, to; kinni

rake hay, to; hqshuk itannali

rake up, to; apeli

raked, ilqnaha

raked place, apiha

raker, apeli

rally, itannali

rally, to; atuklant itannali, itqnaha

ram; chukfqlhpowa nakni, chukji nakni

ram, to; atelichi

ramble, noiva

ramble, to; fullokqchit any a

ramble in speaking, to; fullokqchit
anumpuli

rambler, nowa shall

ramify, to; iti naksish laua toba

rammed in, abeha

rammer, tanamp isht kashokqchi

rampart, holihta kallo

rancid; hauqshko, kalancha, kalama, ko-
soma, kotoma

rancid, to make it; kalamachi

rancidity; kalancha, kalama

rancor, nukoa atqpa

rancorous, nukoa atqpa

random, himakfokali

random, to act at; himak fokalcchi, hi
makfokali

random, to do at; yqmmak fokalcchi

random, to go at; himakfokali, yqmmak
fokalcchi, yqmmak fokali

range; afolota, tanamp chito innaki pit
akanchi qlhpesa

532

BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

range, to; abaiyachi, itilauit hika, itilauit

hilechi
range about for pillage, to; ivehput

fid lot a

range (for eating), aiimpa
range for swine, shukha alasha
ranged, itilauit hika
ranges, placed in; baiilli
rank (foul), skua
rank (luxuriant), way a achukma
rank, single; itiakaya
rank, to; buiif/i
ranked, baiilli
rankle, to; aninchichi, kqllot ishi la, nu-

koa

rankness; asano, chaha, shua
ranks, bachoha

ranks, to cause to follow in; baiillichi
ranks, to march in single; balllllt nowa
ranks, to move in; balct binya
ranks, to stand in; baiallit hell
ransack, to; tiqblit pisa
ransom; isht qlhtoba, yuka issa
ransom, to; chumpa, lakoj/ichi
ransomed, lakojfi
ransomer, lakoffichl
rant, anumpa nukoa
rant, to; chilol anumpuli, nukoqt anum-

puli

ranter, chltot anumpuli
rap; kabuk, kqinakqchi, kobak, kobokqchl,

komokqchi
rap, to; chunkash 'ishi, komoha, komollchl,

sal:a.ha, sakafichi, sokunha
rap on a bell, koniak
rapacious; abil apa shall, wehpuli shall
rapacity, irchpuli shall
rape; hokllt a i issa, ohoyo hokli
rape, to; a i issa, hold it aiissa
rapid; palhki, shlnlmpa, tush pa
rapid, a; Jo pa, oka yanallipalhki
rapidity; palhki, shlnlmpa, lush pa
rapidly, fehn a
rapids, oka yanallipalhki
rapier; biishpojulaia, baxhj>o ix/it ilibi
rapine, nrhpoa
rapper, kobolichi
rapture, cln("L-ash ishi
rapturous, i/ukfxi atajxt
rare; achafoa, achukma fehna, ki'i/uchohmi,

okchanki

rascal; haksidn, hatak hnkxi
rascality; haksipi, okpuh
rascally; haksi, okpulo

rase, to; kashoffichi

rash, llapunla

rasher; nlpi tushaja, nipi tushafa pasa

rashly, tunshpa

rashly, to act; himak fokalechi

rashness; ahah ahnl keyu, tushpa

rasp; Isht mlloja, isht milofa chito, iti isht
miloja

rasp, to; miloffi, miloha milolichi

raspberry, na hollo i^bissa

rasped; milohacM, miloli, milofa

rasure, kashoffi

rat, plchall

rat, field; pintukfi

rate, foka

rate, to; aiilli onuchi, hotina, lalllchl,
miha, nukoa

rated, aiilli onitula

rater, aiilli onuchi

rather, keyukmat

ratified; ala^ll, kallo, lopulli

ratifier, kallochi

ratify, to; ala^llchl, a^licM, kallochi

ration; ilhpita, imalhpisa, impa

rational, imanukjila ansha

ratsbane, plchall isht illi

rattle (the instrument); chasha, chasha,
inchasha, labahahanchi

rattle (the noise), kmihahanohi

rattle, to; chansha, chashahachl, chashli-
chl, chalakachi, chamakachi, chlsoha, chl-
sohachl, chusoha, chusohqchl, chusopa,
kqlahqchechi, kalahachl, kinihqchi, kitihq-
chi, kolahachechl, kolahachl, shqchahqchl,
shiloa, washahachi, wqlahachi

rattle, to make; chashahqchcchl, chuso-
pqchl

rattle in the throat, to; shikiffi,

rattler, chisohaahi

rattlesnake, sintullo

rattlesnake, a species of; sinti shaui

rattlesnake, ground; chukfitohlololi

rattlesnake, the "diamond;" tiak in-
sinti

rattlesnake's rattles, sintullo Inchasha

rattling; chashak, chashakqchl, chlsoha,
chqlakchi, chusoha, chusopa, kqlahqchi,
kinihahanohi, kolaha, kolahachl, labaha
hanchi

rattling noise, kitihqchl

ravage, to; okpqni, wehpuli, ucll

ravage by fire, to; itot a«//a

ravaged; okpulo, ircha

ravager; okpqni, wehpuli

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

538

rave, to; anukbqta, tascmbo

ravel, to; Unfa, poshukta, shell

raveled; linfa, shiha

raveling, linfa

raven, fa la chito

raven, to; isikopali

ravenous, isikopali

ravine; kolokbi, okfa

ravines, deep; kolhkobeka

raving fox, chula tasembo

ravish., to; aiissa, hoklit aiissa

ravisher, hoklit aiissa

raw; foni bano, humma, imponna, ka-

pqssa, lofa, okchanki
raw bones, foni bano
rawboned; chunna, foni bano
rawhide, hakshup hish. ansha
rawhide, twisted; aseta pqna
rawness; ikhana, okchanki
ray, tombi
ray of light, tombi
rayless, oklili
raze, to; akkqchi, kashojfichi, okpqni, ok-

pqnit tali, tiqbli

raze a house, to; aboha kinqjffi
razed; kashofa, okpulo, okpulol taha,

tiapa

razor, nutakhish isht shafa
reach; aiali, ona
reach, to; aiqli, bikeli, bikelichi, haksichi,

lopullit ona, ona, tikeli
reach, to cause to; onachi
reach forward, to; mampoa
reach round, to; apakfoa
reach the clouds, to; hoshonti pit tikeli
reach to all, to cause to; oklunhqlinchi
reach to or there, to; aiona
reach to two, to; tuklona
react, to; atuklant yqmmichi, falama
read, to; akostininchi, anumpuli, holisso

aiitimanumpuli, holisso imanumpuli,

holisso itimanumpuli, holisso pisa, pisa
reader; anumpuli, holisso imanumpuli,

holisso itimanumpuli
readily; aiokpgchi achukma, tunshpa
readiness; aiokpanchi achukma, qlhtaha,

tushpa

reading, itimanumpuli
ready; qlhtaha, tushpa, tanshpa achukma
ready, nearly; ahikma
ready-minded man, hata.k imanukjila

tunshpa

real; aianli, anli,fehna
real thing, nafehna

reality; aianli, na fehna, na/ia (iiaril!,
nanafehna

realize, to; akostininchi

really; a«ft, mqli

realm; minko apelechika afullota, rniinko
apelichi

ream of paper; holisso pula pokoli tuklo
akucha ushta, holisso talakchi achafa

reanimate, to; okchalechi

reannex, to; achakqlechi

reannexed, achaka

reap, to; qmo, bqshli

reap wheat, to; onush qmo

reaped; qlmo, bqsha

reaper; bqshli, na bqshli, nan qmo, onush
bqshli

reaping hook; isht qlmo, onush isht qlmo,
onush isht bqsha

reappear, to; atuklant haiaka

reappoint, to; atuklant atokoli

rear; anshaka intqnnqp, iinashaka, isht
aiopi, okbql, ukbql, ulbql

rear, in the; okbql, ukbql, ulbql

rear, to; aba isht la, hilcchi, yimintqchi

rear (bring up), to; hofantichi, ikhanan-
chi

rear, to be in the; anshaka

rear, to place in the; anshakachi

rear up, to; hilechi

reared, hofanti

rear^vard; aka, isht aiopi anya, okbql

reascend, to; atuklant oia

reason; qlhpesa, imanukfila, isht miha,
nan ihmi

reason, to; aiimomqchi, anukfilli, anum
puli, imanukjila

reason for death, aiisht illi

reasonable; qlhpesa, imanukjila ansha

reassemble, to; atuklant itqnnaha, atuk
lant itqnnali

reassembled, atuklant itqnnaha

reassume, to; atuklant ishi

reassure, to; atuklant anlichi

reattempt, to; atuklant yqmmiht pisa

rebel, anumpa I'obqffi

rebound, to; issot falama, tolupli

rebuild, to; atuklant ikbi

rebuke, to; alqmmi, algmmichi, anum
puli, hokoj/i, olqbbechi, pqlakqchi

recall, to; atuklant apcsa, atuklant hoyo,
fdlqmmichi

recant, to; ma, kanchi

recapitulate, to; qlbitct anoli

recapture, to; falqmmichit ishi, okha

534

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

recast, atuklant akmi

recast, to; atuklant akmichi, atuklant pila

recede, to; falama

re-cede, to; falammint inkanchi

recede, to cause to; falamrnichi

receipt; holisso, ishi

receipt of custom, aiitahoba

receive, to; ahnichi, habena, haklo, ishi,

nukfoka. pisa, yimmi
receive as a gift, to; ilhpita
receive well, to; aiokpanchi, aiokpachi
received; ibbakfoka, nukfoka
received as a present, habena
receiver, ishi
recent; cheki, himmona
recently; cheki, chekusikash
receptacle; aiabiha, aiashachi, aialhto
reception; aiokpanchi, ishi
recess; aluma, anunkaka, falama
rechoose, to; atuklant atokoli
rechosen, atuklant glhtuka
reciprocate, to; alhtoboa
recital, a noli
recite, to; anoli
reckless, ahah ahni
reckon, to; ahni, ahnichi, anukfilli, ho-

tina, imahoba
reckoned, holhtena
reckoned in, holhtina
reckoning, hotina
reclaim, to; falammichechi, falammint

hot/o, hopoyuksalechi, fcostininchi
reclaimed; hopoyuksa, kostini
recline, to; ataiya, shanaia, tashki, waiya
recluse; hatak haiaka kcyu, hatak luma,

luma

recoil, falamakachi

recoil, to; falama, falamakachi, falama
kachi, ht'hka

recoiling, falamakachi
re-collect, to; atuklant itannali
recollect, to; akostininchi, ikhana
recollection, ikhana
recommence, to; atuklant isht ia
recommend, to; aiokpanchit anoli
recompense; alhtoba, ilaiukha
recompense, to; atobbi, chiloffi, falam-

michi, okha

recompensed, alhtoba
reconcile, to; aiiskiachi, apesa, apoksia-

chi

reconciled; a/>okxia, allipesa, nan aii/a
reconciliation; itimalhpisa, itinnan aiija
recondite, luma

reconnoiter, to; pisa

reconquer, to; imaiyat falammint ishi

reconsider, to; atuklant anukfilli

reconvey, to; falammint inkanchi

reconvey, to; falammint isht ona

record; holixso, holisso atakali, isht anoli

record, to; holisso lapalichi, holisso taka-
lichi

recorded; holisso, holisso takali

recorder; holisso takalichi, holissochi

recount, to; anoli

recover, to; falammint ishi, lakoffi, la-
koffichi

recover from, to; alakofi

recover, to begin to; lakoffit isht ia

recovered; kanihmit taha, lakoffi, masali

recovery; falama, falammint ishi, lakoffi,
lakonffi

recreant; hobak, holabi, panya

re-create, to; okchali

recreate, to; fohachi, yukpali

recreated, yukpa

recreation; foha, okcha, yukpa

recrirninate, to; onochi

recruit, to; atali, atuklant imatali,foha

recruited, atuklant imalhtaha

rectified, achukma

rectify, to; achchukmali

rectitude, hopoksa

rector, pelichi

rectum, kobish

recumbent; ataiya, itola, tashki

recur, to; ikhana

red; homaiyi, humma

red (as the cheek), oktishcli

red, fiery; tishepa

red, to color; homaiyichi, hummachi

red dye; isht hummachi, nan isht hum
machi

red lead, naki humma

red man; hatak, hatak api humma

red paint; lukfi humma, na humma, tishi
humma

red pole, iti humma

Red river, oka humma

red spot; humma talaia, humma taloha

red warrior, na humma

red water, oka humma

redbird; bishkumak, hushi humma

redden, to; humma, hummachi

reddened; humma, hummachi, kichauli

reddish; homaiyi, homakbi, hummaiiji,
hummalhha

BTINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

535

reddish, to make; homaiyichi
redeem, to; chumpa, falamat chumpa,

falammint chumpa, lakoffichi
redeemable, falairnm.nl chumpa hinla
redeemed, lakoffi
redeemer; chumpa, falammint chumpa,

lakoffichi

redeliver, to; falammint ima
redemption; aiokchalinka, falammint

chumpa, lakoffichi

redhot, lashpat humma, luqt humma
red-hot, to heat; lashpat hummachi, luqt

hummachi
redly, humma
redness, humma
redolent, balama
redouble, to; atuklant .polomi, qlbitet

yqmmichi

redoubled, atuklant poloma
redress, to; achukmalechi, aiskiachi, apok

siachi, atobbi, lakoffichi
redressed; achukma, aiskia, apoksia,

lakoffi
reduce, to; ala, falammichi, haboffi, hak-

sichi, homechi, iskitinichi, kalakshichi
reduce the price, to; ola taklqchi, taklq

chi, taklechi
reduced; falama, homi, ilbqsha, iskitini,

kalakshi

redundant; atqpafehna, lauafchna
reecho, to; atuklant hobachi
reed; kunshak, usld chula
reed, large; kunshak chito
reed, low; kunshak patakchi
reed, weaver's; uski chula
re-edify, to; atuklant ikbi
reedy, kunshak chito
reef, tali bqcha
reek, to; shoboli
reeking, shoboli
reel; aholhtufa, ponola hulhtufa
reel, to; afoli, chukfoloha, faiokachi, fai-

reel, to cause to; chukfulli, faioli
reelect, to; atuklant atokoli
reeled, qlhfoa
reeling, faiokachi

reenjoy, to; atuklant isht ilaiyukpa
reenter, to; atuklant chukoa
reestablish, to; atuklant hilechi
re examine, to; atuklant pisa
refectory, aboha aiimpa
refine, to; achukmalechi, kashoffichi, yoh-
bichi

refined; achukma, kaxhofa

refinement; kashofa, kashoffi, yohbi

refiner, kashoffichi

refit, to; aiskiachi

refitted, aiskia

reflect, to; anukfilli, falammichi, shoh-

malali, tombi

reflect light, to; malfittakqchi
reflection, imanukfila
reflection of light, rnalattakachi
reform, kostini
reform, to; aiskiachi, apoksiachi, kostini,

kostininchi

reformer; apoksiachi, hopoksiachi, kosti
ninchi

refractory; isht qfckommi, nukoa shah
refrain, to; auola, olqbbi
refresh, to; kapqssqchi, kapqssqUi, ok-

chqli, yimintqchi, yukpali
refreshed; kapqssa, okcha, yimmita,

yukpa

refreshment; nusi, okcha
refrigerate, to; kapqssqchi, kapqssqUi
refuge; aiatokko, alakofi
refugee, alakofi
refulgent, lohwikeli

refund, to; falammichi, falammint atobbi
refunded; qlhtoba, falama, falamat qlhtoba
refusal; apoa, haklo
refuse; ahoba, ahopoka, atampa
refuse, to; ahah achi, aiokpqchi, haklo,

ilafoa, inshi, keyuachi
refused, aiokpqchi
refute, to; imaiya
regain, to; atuklant ishi
regal, minko ahalaia
regale, to; impa, yukpali
regaled, yukpa
regard, ikhana
regard, to; ahnichi, aiokpqchi, anukfilli,

holitobli, pisa
regarded, ikhana
regenerate, chunkqsh himmona
regenerate, a; atuklant toba
regenerate, to; chunkqsh himmonachi,

atuklant ikbi
regenerated; atuklant toba, chunkqsh

himmona
regeneration; atuklant ikbi, chunkqsh

himmona
regent, pelichi
regimen, ahah ahnit impa
regiment, tqshka chipota holhtina
regimentals, tqshka chipota isht shema

536

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4(5

region; fotota, okla, yaknifullota

register, hnlifiso anumpa atakali

registered, holisso takalichi

regorge, to; falummint nanabli, hoeta

regress, fulania

regret; nukhanklo, okko, yakoke

regret, to; nukhanklo

regular, apissanH

regular, a; tqshka chipota

regularly; apissanli, bilia

regulate, to; achchukmali, aiiskia, ais-

kiachi, apasa, apoksiachi
regulated; acJtukma, aiiska, aiskia, apok-

sia, qlhpesa
regulator, atiskta
rehear, to; afuklanf haklo
rehearse, to; achi, anoli, atuklant miha,

hobachit iniha

rehearser; achi, an oil, miha
reign, pclichi
reign, to; aminko, minko, minko toba, pe-

lichi

reign over, to; pclichi
reimburse, to; falqmmint atobbi
rein, knpali isht talakchi
rein, to; fnlolichi, nukou
reins, the; chunkqsh, haiyinhchi
reinstate, to; falonnmint fohki, falam
mint heliche
reiterate, to; anoli
reject, to; issa, kampila, kancJii, shitti-

letna

rejecter, kanchi
rejection, kancM
rejoice, to; n<i yukpa, yukpa
rejoice the heart, to; chunkqsh yukpali
rejoice -with, to; yukpa
rejoiced, yukpa
rejoicing, na yukpa
rejoin, to; yukpali
rejuvenate, to; hiinmitqchi
rekindle, to; aluklatif oli
rekindled, atuklant ulhti
relapse; afalama, afilema, (i/ilcmoa,fal(nna
relapse, to; (ifdlanui, ajilcma, ajilimmi,

falamai abeka

relapse, to cause a; (ijiliinnrlchi
relate, to; auo/i
related; auou, kanomi
relation ( story i; UIHHI. a noli
relation (relative); halak i»ka)io]imi,

itink(ino>ni, ktmoi/i i
relative, ili'>k(it/oini
relator, a noli

relax, ikfia

relax, to; ikfia, ikfiachi, Itota, nuktqla,

yohabli, yokopa, yokopachi
relaxed; ikfia, kota, nuktala, yokopa
release; issa, kucha, lfikonffi, yukaissa
release, to; issa, lakoffichi, yukaissachi
released; kucha, lakoffi, yuka issa
relent, to; lacha, yohbi, yokopa
relentless; yohbi keyu, yokopa iksho
reliance, yimmi
relics; hatak illi, nan illi
relief; nuktala, nuktallachi
relieve, to; aiskiachi, apclacM, lakojfichi
reKeved; aiskia, lakojfi
religion; aba anumpa, nana aiyimmika
religious; aba anumpa nukfoka, aba

anumpa yimmi

religiously clean, isht ahulloihika
relinquish, to; issa
relish, kashaha

relish, to; ahinnia, kashaha, kqshahqchi
relish, to cause to; kashahachi
re-live, to; atuklant okchaya
reluctant; anukuia, bqnna, Jtaklo
rely, to; anukcheto
remain, to; aiasha, anta, ilola, talaia
remainder; a tarn pa, qlhkucha, qlhtampa
remains; atampa, hatak illi, nan iUi
remake, to; atuklant ikbi
remark; amiha, holisso
remark, to; ahni, anukJiUi, pisa
remarkable, nafehna
remarried, atuklant itauaya
remarry, to; atuklant itauaya, atuklant

itauayachi

remedied; apoksia, gtta, lakojfi, masali
remediless, lakojfahe keyu
remedy; alakoji, apelachi, isht lakoffi
remedy, to; aiskiachi, lakojfficld
remember, to; ahnit, akostininchi, auuk-

fohka, ikhana, ikhqna
remembrance; ikhana, isht ikhana
remembrancer; ikhana nchi, isht ikhana
remind, to; ikhana nchi
remiss; ahaksi<-hi shali, sqlaha
remission; iniahaksi, issa, isht akashofa
remit, to; Jii/n/nniicJii, halata, imahaksi,

V.S'.SY/, hniii, shippa, shippqchi, yokopa,
yokopachi
remitted, kashofa
remnant, atampa
remnants of men, halak irishakchi
remonstrate/ to; ahnichi
remorse, >iukhanklo

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

537

remote, hopaki

remotely; hopaki, pilla

removal; kobqffi, tviha

remove; hopaki, uiha

remove, to; akanalichi, akangllechi, aka-
nqlli, ansha, alhtosholi, bqshpuli, ha-
bojfi, kanali, kanalichi, kanqllichi, kqna-
lichi, kqnia, Icobqffi, mishemqchi, okpqni,
taklqchi, toshoa, wiha

remove swelling's, to; habolichi

removed; qlhtoshoa, hopaki, kanqlli, ka
nia, kobafa, mishema

remunerate, to; atobbi

remunerated, alhtoba

remuneration; atobbi, alhtoba

rencounter, itibbi

rencounter, to; itibi

rend, to; liqbli, litoli, lilalichi, lilqffi,
lilechi, lilli, nipa, okpani, palqlli

rend from, to; mokofi

render; alhtoba, falama, ima, lilaffi, lile
chi

render, to; anoli, falammichi, falammint
ima, ima, tosholi

render childish, to; puskusechi

render into, to; alhtosholi

render proud, to; ilefehnachechi

rendered, toshoa

rendered into, qlhtoshoa

rendezvous, aiitanaha

rendezvous, to; aiitanaha

rendor, issa

renegade, hatak haksi okpulo

renew, to; atuklant ikbi, atuklant ishtia,
albitet ikbi, himmitachi, himonachi

renew the heart, to; chunkash himmo-
nachi

renewable, hijnmonacha hinla

renewed; atuklant toba, himmona

renewed by the spirit, shilombish isht
aiatta

renewed heart, chunkgsh himmona

rennet; bakna, imbakna

renounce, to; issa, kanchi

renovate, to; aiskiachi, himonachi

renovated; aiskia, himmona, himmona
toba

renown, anoa

rent; litoa, lilafa, lilalankachi, lilali, lilli

rent (payment for something), pota
alhtoba

rent, to; impota, shobobunkachi

rent and worn out, to be; bihkachi

renter; impota, yakni impota

reorganize, to; atuklant ikbi

repaid; falamat alhtoba. falammint alh
toba

repair, to; achchukmali, achukmalechi,
aiiskia, aiiskiachi, aiiskiali, aiskiachi,
apoksia, apoksiachi, hochukmalechi, ho-
chukmali, iksiachi, ona

repaired; aiskachi, aiskia, apoksia

repairer; achukmalechi, achukmali, aiis
kia, aiiskiachi, aiskiachi, apoksiachi, ho
chukmalechi, hochukmali

reparable; aiskm hinla, aiskiacha hinla

repass, to; atuklant lopuli

repast, impa

repay, to; atobbi, falammint atobbi

repayment, falamat alhtoba

repeal, to; akshuchi, kashoffichi

repealed, aksho

repeat, to; anoli, atuklanchi, atuklant
achi, atuklant anoli, atuklant miha, ql-
behkqchi, qlbilli, qlbiteli, albitet anoli,
miha

repeat three times, to; atuchinanchi

repeated; atunkla, qlbita, qlbitkqclti

repeatedly, himonnan

repel, to; falammichi

repent, to; akostininchi, kostininchi, nuk-
hanklo

repentance, aiilekostininchi

repentant; nana yoshoba isht nukhaklo,
nukhanklo

repeople, to; himmona aioklgchi

repetition; atuklanchi, qlbita

repine, to; qlhpesa

repiner; qlhpesa, nana isht miha shall

replace, to; atobbichi, falammichi, falam
mint boli

replace bones, to; foni falammint iti-
fohki

replaced, foni falammint itifohka

replant, to; albitet hokchi

replanted, qlbitqt holokchi

replenish, to; alotoli

replete, alota

reply; anumpa falama, anumpa falamoa

reply, to; afalamichi, anumpa falamo-
lichi, anumpa falammichi, yimmi

report; aianoyuica, anoa, anumpa, anum
pa chukushpa, kobak

report, to; anoli

report of a gun; hum pah, toll

reported, anoa

reporter; nnoli, nan anoli

repose, nusi

538

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

repose, to; anukcheto,foha,fohachi, nusi,

yimmi

reprehend, to; anumpuli
represent, to; ahobqchi, ahobqlli, anoli,

haiakqchi

representative; anoli, anumpeshi
repress, to; imaiya
reprieve, to; qbanqblichi
reprieved, gbanqpa
reprimand, to; anumpuli, miha
reproach; ahofahya, hofahya, isht aho-

fahya
reproach, a word of; okpiyanli, ushi,

yqmmak haloka
reproach, to; miha, onochi, posilhha, po-

silhhgchi

reproachful, chakapa
reprobate, yoshoba
reproof, i^tniha
reprove, to; fappuli, miha
republic; okla moma, ulhti
repudiate, to; kanchi
repugnant, ichapa
repulse, to; falqmmichi
repulsive; aiokpqchi, kapqssa
repurchase, falqmmint chumpa
repurchase, to; falqmmint chumpa
repurchaser, falqmmin t ch umpa
reputable; achukma, holitompa
reputation, holitopa
repute, holitopa
repute, to; anukfdli
request; anumpa asilhha, asilhha
request, to; asilhha, asilhhqchi
required, aiqlhtokowa
requite, to; atobbi
rescue, to; alakojichi, lako/ichi, okcha-

linchi

rescued, alakofi
re-search, to; hoyofchna
reseize, to; atukhmt hokli
resemblance; holba, itihoba, itiholba, na

holba

resemblance of a man, hatak holba
resemble, to; aholba, holbgchi
resemble, to cause it to; chohmichi,

oh in H'fn

resembled, holba
resembling; bin hi, holba, ohmi
resend, to; nhtklaiil pila
resent, to; nukoa
resentful, tnilcoa brnnui
resentment, rhiinkuxh imanukfda nukoa
resei-vation, i»xhi

reserve; ilatomba, inshi

reserve, to; ilatomba,

reserved; anumpa ilatomba, ilatomba

reserved person, na miha iksho

reservoir, oka atalaia

reside, to; aianta, anta, ansha, qita, itola

reside at, to; achuka, aiqtta

reside near, to; bilinkatta

residence; aboha, aiqtta, chuka,foka

resident; aiasha, anumpeshi, qtta

residue, a tarn pa

resign, to; akkachunoli, anukcheto, ibbak
fohki, ima, issa, kucha

resignation; ibbak fohki, issa, kucha

resin, litilli

resinous substance, na litilli

resist, to; afoa, ichapa, tobli

resistless, kqllo

resolute; achillita, amosholi, chilita, ka-
mqssa, nakni, nukwia iksho

resolute, made; achillita

resolution; achunanchi, anumpa qlhpisa,

chilita, imanukfda achqfa
resolve, imanuk/ila achqfa
resolve, to; anukfdli, apesa, bila, bileli
resolved; qlhpesa, bila
resort, aiitqnaha
resort, to; ia, ona
resort for swine, shukha aiasha
resound, to; hobqchi
resource; aianukcheto, tali holisso
resow, to; atuklant fimmi
respect, aiokpanchi

respect, to; ahnichi, aiahninchi, aiok
pqchi, aninchi, holitobli
respectable; achukma, qlhpicsa
respected, 'holitopa
respected man, hatak holitopa
respiration, fiopa
respire, to; jiopa,foha, kucha fiopa
respite; qbanqpa,foha
respite, to; qbanqblichi
respited, qbanqpa
respond, to; anumpuli itqlhpesa, atobbi,

alhpesa, falammichit miha
responding, qlhpesa
responsible; afobba hinla, isht ahalaia
rest; afoha, aionitola,foha, iUi, inla, nusi
rest (remainder), atqpa
rest, to; anta, ataiya, foha, hokofa, illi,

issa, itola, nusi, onochi, yokopa
rest, to give; fohachi
rest against, to; ataii/a/i
rest against, to make; ataiyachi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

539

rest another, to; fohachi

rest at, on, in, or there, to; afoha

rest at, on, in, or there, to give; afo-
hachi

rest in, to; hika

rest on, to; ontalaia

rest upon, to; bitepa

resting place, ayataia

restitution, falammichi

restive, isht qfekommi

restless; komota, nou-a shall, nusi

restoration, lakoffi

restore, to; falama, falamichi, falammi
chi, falammint ima, lakoffichi, masalichi

restored, lakoffi

restorer; falammichi, lakoffichi, na lako-
fichi

restrain, to; halalli, inshi, olqbbi, tdkchi

restraint; halanli, isht ataklqma

restrict, to; apesa

resume, to; atuklant isht ia, falammint
ishi

resurrection, illit okosh falamat tani

resuscitate, to; okcha^yqchi

resuscitated; falamat okchanya, okchanya

retail, to; kashkolitkampila, takqffitkam-
pila

retailer; kashkolit kampila, takaffit kam-
pila

retain, to; halalli, inshi

retake, to; atuklant ishi, falammichit
ishi, falammint ishi

retaliate, to; atobbi, falammichi, okha

retaliation, ilaiukha

retard, to; oktqbli, sqlahqchi

retch, to; hoeta bqnna, hoetqt pisa

retire, to; anta, binili, kucha, naksika
binili, tisheli

retired; anta, luma

retirement; binili, kucha

retort, anumpa chunkushnqli

retort, to; falammichit anumpuli, falam
michit pila

retreat; atukko, binili, luma

retreat, to; kucha

retreat, to cause to; falammichi

retrench, to; iskatanichi

retribute, to; atobbi, falammichi

retrograde, falamat ia

retrograde, to; falamat ia

return; afalama, afalamaka, falama, fa-
lamaka, falamat anya, falammichi, falam
michit pila

return, to; afalama, anoli, atobbi, fala
ma, falamichi, falamoa, falamat ala , fala
mat ia falamat ona, falammichi

return (as morning light), to; onnat
oklilinchi, onnat oklinli

return, to cause to; falamolichi

return along, to; falamat a™ya

return from, to; attat falama

returned; falama, falamoa

returner; falamat anya, falamolichi, fa
lammichi

returns; falamoa, falamoaka

reveal, to; anoli, haiakachi, oktanichi,
otani

revealed; anoa, haiaka, oktani

revel, to; ilaualli

revelation; aba anumpa, Chihoiva aba-
numpa

reveler, ilaualli

revenge, to; atobbi, itialbi abi, okha

revenged, alhtoba

revenger; atobbi, ilaiukha, itialbi abi

reverberate, to; hobachi

revere, to; aiokpachi, holitobli

revered, holitopa

reverence, aiokpanchi

reverence, to; aiokpachi, holitobli, holi
topa

reverend, holitopa

reverie; imanukfla chito, tasembo

reverse; ichapa, intannqp

reverse, to; atobbichi, lipeli

reversed, lipia

revert, to; falama, falammichi

reverted, falama

review, to; qlbitet pisa

revile, to; chakapa, mihachi, yopula

reviler; chakapa, mihachi

reviling, chakapa

revise, to; atuklant aiskiachi, atuklant
pisa

revised, atuklant aiskia

revival, falamat okchanya

revive, to; falamat okcha, falamat ok-
chanya, okchanyqchi

revived, falamat okchanya

revoke, to; atuklant apesa

revolt, to; anumpa kobaffi, imaiya, issa

revolution; folotqt ala, nana inkaniohmi
chito

revolve, to; falama

reward; aiqlbi, aiqlhtoba, alhtoba

reward, to; atobbi

540

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

rewardable; atobba hinla, qlhtoba hinla

rewarded, qlhtoba

reward er, atobbi

rewritten, qlbitqt holisso

rheum; ibilhkqn, itukholaya, ituklipaya

rheumatic pains; nahishi, shumanla

rheumatism; foni hotupa, shumantqbi

rib; isht. vkfoata, naksi

lib bone; naksi foni, okhoatafoni

rib pole, iti ana

ribbed, yqfimpa

ribbed (as a roof), albqska

ribbing, /'// qlbqsa

ribbon; fatahn, sitafataha, sita lapushki

ribs of a house, chukqlbqska

ribs of a roof, abasa

rice, onush lakchi

rich; awaya achukma, holitopa, naninlaua

rich man; hatak holitompa, hatak holi-

tojxi, hatak nan inlaua
riches; holitopa, ilanyak, nan inlaua
richly; anli,fehna
richness; airaya achukma, laua
rick of hay, hqshuk itqnaha
rid, to; qmo, chqfichi
riddle; isht okchila, okchila, shakla
riddle, to; yuha, yuli
riddled, yuha
ride, ombinili

ride, to; binili, ontaloha, talaia, tola
ride double, to; aiitisholi
ride on, to; ontalaia
ride on the waves, to; paiokqchi
ride ostentatiously, to; hattauichi
ride treble, to; aiitishali
rider; isuba omanili, onibuiili, ontalaia,

ontaloha
ridge; bqhcha,bqnan/a, banaiyach i, oku'akli,

o/ichqba

ridge, straight; bqhrha y>mv/
ridge, to; bqhrha ikbi, bqnaiyqchechi
ridge, to make a; yikoli,
ridge top, bqhcha tubokaka
ridges, to have; fqxhiha
ridicule, olql/i.
ridicule, to; v.s7// //o/>i<!<it -i.\ht anumpuli

olalli

ridiculous, olqllalie qllipixa
rifle, fd/itini ]> jHilaJi
rifle, to; patafichi, irclipuli
rifled, n'chjMHi

rifleman, linimnj) /xita/i .s7/o/i
rifler, nrltjmli
rift, to; shintdfa, shiniqjfi

rig, isht shema

rig, to; shema, shemqchi

rigger; shema, shemqchi

rigging; isht shema, pinqsh

right; aiisht ahalaia, anli, apissanli, apis-
sanlit, qlhpesa, immi

right, the; isht impaka

right, to; qlhpesqchi

right, toward the; isht impak imma

right against, ichapaka

right hand, the; ibbak isht impak imma,
ibbak isht impaka, isht impak imma ibbak

right hand, to the; ibbak isht impak
imma

right here, ilqppak

right side of, the; isht impak imma

righteous; achukma, aiqlhpiesa, hopok-
sia, hoponksia, hopoyuksa

righteous before him, nan imaia^li

righteousness; ahopoyuksaka, aiqlhpie
sa, chunkqsh yohbi, hanta

rightful; ahalaia, aiqlhpesa

rightly; anli, qlhpesa

rigid; kamqssa, kqllo

rigidity; kamqssa, kqllo

rigidly; kamqssa, kqllo

rigor; kamqssa, palqmmi

rigorous; ilbqsha, kapqssa, palqmmi

rill; bok ushi, oklolbi, okmoffi, okshulbi

rill, to; yanqlli

rim, afohoma

rim, to; afohommi, afoli

rim of a basket; qlhtanafo, kishi afohoma

rim of a hat. pashia

rim of a vial, pashia

rimmed, afohoma,

rind, hakshup

ring; chqnaha, ola

ring, to; abcli, chqmakqchi, kabakqchi,
kabukachi, kqmakqchi, kqsahqchi, kqssa,
kqssaha, kobohqchi, kobokqchi, komaka-
chi, ko7nokachi, komokqchi, mishukachi,
ola, olachi, samahqchi, samakachi, shiloa

ring, to cause to; samahachechi

ringer, olachi

ringing; chqmakqchi, kobohqchi, old

ringleader, pelichi

ringlet, yushbonoli

ringworm; hahrmpn, hallampa

ringw^orm, to have a; JiqJ/ampqbi

rinse, to; ahchifa, chobolichi, itukirqlichi,
iluk/ro/o/icfi 1, pikalich i

riot, yahapa

riot, to; itakhapuli sliali

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

541

rioter, hatak itakhapuli shali

riotous, ilaJchapuli shali

rip; mitefa, miteli

rip, to; miteUchi

rip off, to; shoekqchi

ripe; alakna, aninchichi, hanta, hatachi,

imponna, lakna, nuna, way a
ripe, to become; aninchichi
ripe in years; kamassa, kamqssqlli
ripen, to; aiskiachi, alakna, alaknqchi,

atali, alhtaha, hatachi, hatachi, nuna,

nunachi, tobachi, waya
ripen, to begin to; alaknqt ia, halabushli
ripen, to cause to; nunachechi
lipened; alakna, alhtaha, laknqbi
ripeness; alhtaha, hatachi, nuna
ripped; mitefa, miteli
ripple, wisattakachi
ripple, to; bqnakqchi, chobohachi, piakq-

chi, wisakachi, wisalichi
ripple, to cause to; bqnakqchechi
rippled, piakachi
rippling, wisakachi

rise; aiisht ia ammona, ateli, ibish, oiya
rise, to; afena, amokqfi, anuktobulli, aba

ia, qbana, ammona isht ia, qttqt isht ia,

chitot ia, inshaht ia, kucha, offo, oiya,

okchilo, okpicheli, okshakqla, okshulba,

pishpiki, shofoli, tani, tisheli, toba, wa-

kaya

rise, to cause to; tanichi, wakayqcM
rise again, to; falamat tani
rise from, to; alia

rise from a seat, to; wakaya, wakayoha
rise from the dead, to; falamat okchan-

ya, illit akosh falamat tani
risen, kucha
riser, tani
risible, yukpa hinla
rising; oiya, tani
rite; aiyamohmi, okissa
rival; imaiya, iti7npakna
rival, to; imaiya, pakna
rive, to; chulafa, chuli, shima, shimafa,

shimali, shimalichi, shinimi
rived, chulata
riven; bakapa, chula, chulafa, chulata,

shima, shimafa, shimali
river; bok, chuli, hqcha, okhina
river (splitter); na shimmi, shimmi
river's side, okhina takchqka
river w^ater, okhina oka
rivet, tali pile/a
rivet, to; boat pilcfa, bot apelifichi, bot

apilijfi

riveted, boat pile/a

rivulet; bok chulqjffi, bok ushi

road; aiitanowa, atia, hina

road, broad; hina pqtha

road, large; hina chito

road, old deserted; hinakshu

road, to make a; hina ikbi

road, unused; hinakshu

road maker, hina ikbi

roam, to; abaiyqchi, fullokqchi

roamer; abaiyqchi, fullokqchi

roan, bokboki

roar; bimihqchi, fopa, kilcha

roar, to; bimihqchi, bimimpa, cJi,obohqchi,
chopa, fapa, fonhka, fomohqchi, fopa, ki-
leha, kofoha, kofohqchi, oka pitafohopa,
panya, tobohqchi, wimilichi

roar, to cause to; fopqchi

roarer; kileha, pa^ya

roaring; bim, bimihqchi, fonhka, fomohq
chi, fopa

roaring, to make a; bim-ihachechi

roaring of water, chobohachi

roaring of wind, kofohqchi

roast, qlhpusha

roast, to; apushli

roasted; qlhpusha, nuna

roasted meat, nipi qlhpusha

roasted potato, ahe qlhpusha

roaster, apushli

roasting, a vessel used for; aiqlhpusha

roasting ear, nipqsha

roasting ear, to become a; nipqshi

rob, to; bakastuli, hunkupa, ivehpuli, weli

robbed; holhta, ivehpoa

robber; na ivehpuli, wehpuli

robbery, ivehpoa

robe, anchi

robe, to; anchi, anchichechi, anchichi

robe, turkey-feather; kasmo

robed, anchi

robin, bishkoko

robust; kqllo, kilimpi, lampko

rock; tali, tali chito, tali hochito

rock, to; faiokqchi, faiolichi

rock salt, hqpi lakchi chito

rocked, faiokqchi

rocker; aionfaiokqchi, faiolichi

rockiness, tali chito f oka

rocks, a ledge of; tali hochito kaha

rocky region; tali chito f oka, tali hochito
foka

rod; fuli, yakni isht qlhpisa

rogue; haksichi, hatak haksi, na haksi, na
haksichi

542

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

roguery, haksi

roguish, haksi

roil, to; tobullichi

roiled; anuktiboha, tobulli

roily; boha, tobulli

roll; banaha, bonkqchi, bonuha, bonunta,
buna, holisso, hulbona, iti kalaha, iti
lumbo, lumbo, na buna, pulhkqchi, pula

roll, to; atonoli, banatha, bqnakqchi, bo
nunta, chanalli, chanqllichi, chanichi,
chanaha, chanahachi, chqnnichi,faiokqchi,
lumbochi, piakqchi, yupi

roll, to make it; banathachi

roll away, to; tonullichi

roll liigh, to; poakqchi

roll high, to cause to; poalichi

roll of bread, paska banaha

roll of butter, pishukchi banaha

roll of cloth, nan tqnna bonunta

roll over, to; chanahachi, chanalli, cha
naha, tonnoli, tonnolichi, tonulli, tonul
lichi

roll round, to; afoli

roll up, to; abunni, alelichi, bonkqchi,
bonuha, bonulli, buna, bunni, pula, puli

roll up in, to; abonulli

rolled; chanaha, lumbo

rolled over; tonnoli, tonulli

rolled up; abonunta, abunkachi, bonkqchi,
hulbona, bonna, bonuha, bonunta, buna

roller; iti chanaha, iti kalaha, iti tqpa to-
noli

rolling; bambqki, banatha

Roman nose, to have a; okkohonlih

romance, shukha anumpa

romp, alia tek haksi

romp, to; ilauqlli, tulli

roof; aboha isht holnio, aboha pakna, ali-
l>o, chuka isht holmo, holmo, isht holmo,
onlipa

roof, to; homo

roofed, holmo

room; aboha, aiqtta, aionasha, ansha, qlh-
toba

room, adjoining; aboha atampa

room, separate; aboha atampa

room, single; aboha achqfa

room, spare; aboha atampa

roost, akank anusi

roost, to; nusi

rooster, akank nakni

root; akqshtqla, akishtqla, aksliish, hak-
sinsh, ilakshish, iti akishtqla

root, a certain; hichuk, hehio

root, to; akshish toba, awokokonlichi, ho-
fobichit hokchi, lubbi, vjokkokli, woko-
konlichi, wokonlichi, woshoha, ivosholichi

rooted; akshish toba, kqllot hika

rooted up, teha

rooted up, place; awokokonlichi, wokon
lichi

roots turned up, lobafa

rope; aseta, ponokqllo, ponokqllopqna

rope, long; aseta falaia

rope, plaited hide; aseta tanqffo

ropemaker; asetikbi, ponokqllo ikbi

ropes of a vessel, pinqsh

ropiness; likaha, wqlaha

ropy; likaha, likansha, likqshbi, likoa, wq
laha

ropy, to render; likahqchi

rose, wild; kqti audio

roseate, humma

rosin, tiak nia kqllo

ross bark; akchqlhpi, hakchqlhpi shila,
haklopish, iti haklupish

rosy, oktisheli

rot; shua, toshbi

rot (a disease among sheep), chukji
isht abeka

rot, to; hatakwa, shua, shuachi, shuachichi,
shumba, toshbi, toshbichechi

rot, to begin to; toshbit isht ia

rot, to cause the bone to; foni tosh-
bichi

rot, to cause to; toshbichechi

rotation; qlhtoboa, chanalli, itqlhtoboa

rotted, shua

rotten; ashua, shala^kpa, shua, shumba,
toshbi, toshboa

rotten bone, foni toshbi

rotten things, nan toshbi

rottenness; shua, toshbi

rottenness, to cause; ashuwqchi

rotund; chanaha, lumbo

rouge; hwnma, lukfi humma, na humma,
tishi humma

rouge, to; anchali, anchalichi

rough; bambqki, bqnakqchi, bombqki. Ita-
lupa, kqllo, okpulo, pahshqla, pompoki,
shikoiva , tq li fo ka

rough, to make; pompokachi

rough-edged, kachoa

roughness; halupa, pahshqla

round; ap<ikfoa, apakfopa, bokko, bolukta,
chasha-iyi, chanaha, folota, kalaha, loboa,
lobuhbo, lumbo, lobboa, loboboa, lobon-
to, lobukta, okhoatkqchi, toluski, tolusli

BYINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

543

round, to; boluktqchi, chanaha, chqnahq-

chi, lumbochi, lobboqchi
round, to go; apakfoa, apakfobli, apakfo-

kqchi, apakfopa, boluktali, fololi, folota,
folotoa

round, to make; lobuhbochi, toluskichi
round, to put; folotolichi
round, to take; boluktali, fololi
round, to trim; yushkobolichi
round and elevated, chishinto
round and large, tibikshi
round and pointed; ibakpishanli, ibak-

pishanshli
round and pointed, to make; ibakpi-

shanlichi, ibakpishanshlichi
round lead, naki lumbo
round potato, ahe lumbo
round thing, nan chanaha
roundabout; afolupa, folota, folumpa
roundabout, a; ilefoka kolofa, ilefoka ko-

loli, kolokshi, nafoka kolukshi
rounded; bolukta, lumbo, yushkoboli
round-headed, yushkoboli
round-headed, to make; yushkobolichi
roundness; bolukta, chanaha, lumbo
rounds; folota, fullokachi
rouse, to; chqfichi, okcha, okchqli, yimin-

tqchi

roused, okcha

rout; hatak laua yahapa shall, yilepa
rout, to; yilibli
route; aiaya, hina
rove, to; fullokachi, fullokqchit anya
rover; fullokachi, hu™kupa
row; atia, bachali, bachaya, bachoha, ba-

choli, baieta, bashkqchi, hina, okishko

manya

row, to; modi, monjfi, mofi, okishko laua
row, to arrive in a; baiallit qla
row, to begin to; mo^ffit isht ia
row, to come in a; baiallit minti
row, to make a; hina ikbi
row, to stand in a; baiallit hika
row, to stand or go in a; baieta
row of blazed trees, iti tila bachaya
rowdy, hatak ttakhapuli shall
rowed, monfa
rowel, chufak
rower, monjfi

rowlock, isht monfa atapqchi
rows, laid or lying in; bashkqchi, baiilli
rows, to lie in; bashkqchi
rows, to make; bacholi
rows, to stand in; baiilli

royal; achukma, holilopa, minko ahalaia,

minko imma
rub, amishokqchi
rub, to; amisholichi, bili, kasholichi, mi-

sholi, monfa, pasholi, pikolichi, shilli
rub, to make; misholichi
rub against, to; umishojfi, amishohqchi,

aminshokqchi, qmishoa, qmisholichi, ka-

shokqchi, monfkqchi
rub against, to cause to; qmishojfi
rub fine, to; botolichi
rub gently, to; aharrnm, hqmmi
rub in the hands, to; koyoli, linli
rub ofi^, to; mishofa, 'inonffi
rub on or against, to; amishonfa
rub the hair off, to; boyalichi, boyqjfi
rub to pieces, to; lishoa, lisholili
rub to pieces, to cause to; koyolichi
rubbed; amishonfa, amishoha, qtnishofa,

hqma, kashokqchi, mishoha, mishokqchi,

mishoh, monfkqchi, pashoha
rubbed in pieces, koyoha
rubbed off; amishokqchi, boyafa, boyali,

laha, mishofa, mishokqchi, monfa
rubbed till sore, pikoli
rubbed to pieces, lishoa
rubber, holisso isht kasho/i
rubber; amisholichi, isht milofa, isht mi
sholichi, isht shuahchi
rubbing, mishokqchi
rubbish; aboha toshbi, chiffoko, nan tosh-

bi, polhkash

rubstone; asholichi, isht shuahchi
ruby; humma, tali humma
rudder, peni isht fullolichi
ruddy, humma
rude; chilita, halupa, imponna, kostini,

yahapa

rude gii'l, a ; alia tek haksi
rudely; kostini, kostinit
rueful; ilbqsha, nukhanklo
ruff, ikonla aicalakqchi
ruffian, hatak haksi atapa
ruffle; awalakachi, ikonla awalakqchi, yin-

yiki
ruffle, to; aivalakachechi, bqnaiyqchechi,

bqnakqchi, nukoqchi, polomoli, yinyike-

chi, yinyiki

ruffle of a shirt, ilefoka aicalakqchi
ruffled; awalakachi, bqnakqchi, nukoa,

yinyiki

ruffled shirt, ilefoka u-alaha
rug, shukbo
rugged; baPshkiksho, halupa, itilaui iksho

544

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

ruin; aiissa, kinafa, okpulo, okpuloka

ruin, to; hushmi, ilbqsha, ilbqshali, ok-
pqni, tiabli, toshbi

ruin, to cause; okpqnichi

ruined; aiokpuloka, chunkqsh okpulo, il
basha, kalakshi, okpulo, tiapa, toshbi

ruiner, okpqni

ruinous, okpulo

rule; anumpa qlhpisa, anumpa kqllo, isht
qlhpisa, nan isht apesa, nana isht apesa,
pelichi

rule, to; apesa, apesqchi, ilaueli, ilauet
a"i/a, lanji, lali, minko, pelichi

rule at, to; a pelichi

ruled, lanfa

ruler (commander); hatak chitokaka,
hatak hochitoka, hatak pelichi, hatak peli-
chikn, ilauet anya, ishtokaka, na pelichi,
nam pelichi, nan apesa, pelichekia, pelichi

ruler (for making lines); holisso isht
la»f<t, isht lanfa

ruler of a house, chukachgfa pelicheka

rum, oka homi

rum bud, oka homi bikobli

rumble, to; chulhah, kqbahqchi, kofokq-
chi, u'inihqchi

rumbling; kilihqchi, kofokqchi, winihqchi,
icoshushuk

rumbling in the bowels, to make a;
v:oshushukachi

ruminate, to; anukfdli, hopa^sa

rummage, to; tiabli, tiablit pisa

rumor; anoa, anumpa anya

rumor, to; a noli

rumored, anoa

rump; JiapuUo, hatip

rump, to be without a; tokumpa

rumple, polonia

rumple, to; ijinyikechi

rumpled, i/int/iki

run; ha kino, inalcli, yanalli

run, to; akinochi, anukfilli, anya, balalli,
bald!, bilef.i, chanalli, chafa, chafichi, ia,
•imaii/d, lopulli, rnaldi, tilaya, tilayachi,
tllc.li, i/analli, yilepa, yilcpoa, yilibli

run (as a mill), to; fotoha

run (as an old sore), to; okchushba

run, to cause the nose to; ibaklatin-
lichi

run, to make; •inalelichi, yanallichi, yile-
j>aclt>. ij lie poach), yilibli

run a piece of wood into one's flesh,
to; <>!;j'a»i/(t

run a road, to; hina apcsa

run after, to; achafa, i<if:!'>slit ia

run against, to; apokofa

run along, to; yananta

run around, to cause to; chanichi

run at the nose, to; ibaklatinli, ibaklo-
loli

run away, to; malelit kania

run between, to; yululll

run crosswise, to; okhoatakachi

run down, to; achafa, tasalli

run from each other, to; yilepa.

run high, to; poakachi

run in debt, to; ahekachi

run in large waves, to; oka poakachi

run in waves, to; oka piakachi

run on, to; amoshuli

run out, to; bichilli, okchushba, pichefa,
pichilli, shinilli

run out, to cause to; shinillicJii

run over, to; abanabli, ualanta

run through, to; anukliha, lopolichi,
1/uluHi, yulullichi

run through a noose, to; anuklinfa

run under, to; yululli

run up, to; oiya

run upon, to; amokqfa, yilepa

runaway; hatak baleli, hatak chqfa, male-
lit kqnia

rundle; atuya, kqlaha

rung, ola

runner; anumpa ishtanya, anumpa shali,
baleli, chqfa, iti shalqlli, maleli, inaleli
chi, na maleli, tilaya

runnet, bakna

running; yananta, yanalli

running, to stop; yanqllit issa

running at the nose, ibaklatinli

runt, imoma

ruption, mitafa

rupture; iskuna kucha, kobafa, kobqj/i

rupture, to; iskuna kuchi, kitiffi, kobojjl,
milafa, mitali, mitalu-hi, jnitajji

ruptured; iskuna kucha, kobafa, mitaja

rush, amoshuli

rush, to; amoshuli, yilepa

russet, lakna

Russia, Lqshc

Russian Empire. Lqshc yakni

rust; lakna, na lakna, yalhki

rust, to; alakna, alaknqbi, alaknqchi,
lakna, laknqbi, okchamali

rusted; alakna, lakna

rustle, to; chashahqchi, chashakachi, cha-
shlieht, kalaliqchi, kolahqchi, shachaha,
sho.chaha.cJd

rustling; chashak, chashakachi, kalahqchi.

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

545

rustling, to cause a; kalahqchechi, -wa-

shahqchi
rusty; alakna, lakna ansha, laknqbi, Ink-

noba

rut, iti chqnaha anowa
rut, to; lioli, yushkqmmi
ruthless, nukhanklo iksho
rye; onush, onush chaha

Sabbath breaker, nituk hollo kobqffi
Sabbath day; nitak hollo, nitak hollo ni-

tak

Sabbathless, nitak hollo ikimiksho
sable, lusa
saccharine, champuli
sachem; hatak qpihumma inminko, minko
sack; qlbehpo, shukcha
sack a town, to; tqmahu wehpulli
sackcloth; nam panshi tqnna, panshi

tqnna

sacked, tqmaha wehpoa
sacrament, Chisqs Kilaist inanisht qlh-

pisa

sacred; haloka, holiiopa
sacred, to keep; na hollochi
sacred bag, a priest's; hopulbona, pu-

shahollo

sacred book, holisso holiiopa
sacred bread, pqska holitopa
sacred man, hatak hullo
sacred music, aba anumpa taloa
sacred seat, aionbinili hanta
sacred thing; ahoUoka, hulloka, na ho
litopa , na holloka

sacred writer, holisso holitopa holissochi
sacredly, holitopqt
sacrifice; aba isht aiokpqchi, isht aiokpg-

chi
sad; ilapissa, ilqpissa, imanukfela, nuk-

hanklo, nukwiloha

sadden, to; imanukfelqchi, nukha^klochi
saddened, ilapissa

saddle; isuba umpatqlhpo, umpatqlhpo
saddle, to; isuba umpatqlhpo patali, um-

patali

saddle maker, isuba umpatqlhpo ikbi
saddle pad, isuba umpatqlhpo alata
saddle skirt, isuba umpatqlhpo haksobish
saddlebow, ibish
saddler, isuba umpatqlhpo ikbi
sadiron, ilefoka halushkichi
sadly, ilapissa

safe; imalekahe keyu, na kaniohmi keyu
safe, a; ataloha

S43o9° — Bull. 4(3 — 15 .'>5

safe-conduct, holisso

safely, na kaniohmi keyu

safety; achukma, imalekahe keyu

saffron, lakna

saffron, to; laknqchi

sag, to; bikota, bikulli, shebli, shepa

sagacious; achishi imponna, imponna,

kostini
sagamore; hatak qpi humma inminko,

minko

sage; hopoksia, kostini
sage, a; hatak hopoyuksa
said, the; chash, chokqmo, chokqsh
sail, na hqta

sail, to; anya, ia, mahaiyqt anya, yilibli
sail, to cause to; yilibli
sail against, to; asonali
sail slowly in curves, to; mahaiyakachi
sailer, pcni chito
sailing; anya, mahaiyqt anya
sailing in airy circles, mahaiyakachi
sailmaker, na hqta ikbi
sailor; peni chito isht anya, peni isht anya,

peni isht qtta
saint; hatak imanukfila holitopa, holitopa,

inholitopa
sainted, holitopa
sake, yqmmak, atuk makon
sake of that, for the; yqmmak atuk

makon

salable, kancha hinla
salad, nan qpa okchaki
salamander, hqshtqp yuloli
salary, qlhtoba
sale; ima, kanchi
salesman, nana itatoba
salient, tolupli
sahvne, hqpi holba
saline, a; hqpi atoba, hqpi kali, kali hqpi

oka, lukfqpa

saliva; itukchi, ituklipaya
saliva, thick; itukpilawa
saliva, to discharge; itukpilaica, lupaha
salivate, to; itukchi ikbi
salivation, itukchi ikbi
sallow, hqta
sally; kucha, yiminta
sally forth, to; kucha
salt, hqpi

salt, blown; hqpi pushi
salt, coarse; hqpi lakchi
salt, fine; hqpi pushi
salt, to; hqpi yqmmichi, yqmmichi
salt basin, hqpi aiqlhto

546

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

salt bin, ha pi aiqlhto

salt sea, ha pi okhqta

salt spring; hapi kali, kali hapi oka

salt water; hapi oka, oka hapi

salt with or in, to; aiyqmmichi

salt work; hapi aiikbi, hapi aloba

saltcellar, hapi aiqlhto

salted; aiyammi, hapi yammi, yammi

salted with, aiyammi

salter; hapi kanchi, hapi yammichi

saltpeter, hapi kapqssa

salts; hapi holba, ikhinsh hapi holba

salubrious; abcka, aiabeka

salutary, achukma

salute, isht aiokpachi

salute, to; aiokpachi

saluter; aiokpanchi, aiokpachi

saluting, aiokpanchi

salvable, okchanya hinla

salvage, glhtoba

salvation; aiokchanya, aiokchanya qlhpisa,

alakoji, lakojfi, nan aiokchaya, okchalin-

ka, okchalinchi
salve; ikhinsh, ikhinsh akmo, lachowa

imikhinsh

salver; kafaiishko aiontqla, kqfaiontqla
same, that; yammak inli
same, the; ak, amih achqfa, chash, mih,

miya, yammak inli, yammak int
same as, yammak in
sameness, mih
samp, holhponi
sample, ixl/t alhpisa
sampler, aioholissochit achunli
Samson's post, aluya
sanable, lakoffa hinla
sanative, inht attqrha hinla
sanctification, yohbichi
sanctified; holitopa, yohbi
sanctified mind, chn^kq.^h t/ohbi
sanctfier; holitoblichi, i/ohbidii
sanctify, to; rhu^kqah yohbichi, holito-

blichi. hallochi, yohbichi
sanction, to; aianlichi, aiokpachi, apcsa
sanctity; hnh'topa, yohbi
sanctuary; aholitopa, chnka aholifopa
sand; xliimik, shinukfoka, xhhiuk kaha
sand, to; xhiinik onlali
sandbar, okshunaJ; tulali
sand barrens, tihitiukfnhi
sand box, xhinuk aialh/o
sandbag, bah la shinuk aiqlhto
sandal, shulush

sanded, shinuk onlaya

sandish, chukushmi

sandstone, tali shochukshoa

sandy; chukushmi, shinuk laua, shofoli

sandy land, shofoli

sane; achukma, kostini

sang-froid; chunkqsh kqllo, nan ikahno

sanguinary; humma, issish bano, issish

laua. okpulo

sanguine; issish laua, libesha, yimmi
sanity, kostini
sap; iti iskuna paknaka, iti okchi, itichun-

kqsh paknaka, okchi
sap, to; akishtqla kullit kinq/L
sapience, hopoksa
sapung, iti pushi
sappy; hhnmita, okchilaua
sapsucker, biskinak
sarcasm, anumpa chunkushnqli
sarsaparilla, shinukyolulli
sash; aboha apisa aiqlbiha, isht qskufqchi
sassafras; iti kqfi, kqji
Satan; nan isht ahollo okpulo, Setqn, shi-

lombish okpulo
satchel; bahtushi, hqchik, holisso aiqlhto,

shukcha

sate, to; yammichi
sated, yammi
satiate, to; yammichi
satiety, fihopa

satisfaction; qlhtoba, fihopa, okha
satisfactory, fihobli
satisfied; fihopa, imqlhtaha
satisfied, to make; fihoblichi
satisfier; fihobli, fihoblichi
satisfy, to; atali, atobbi, fihobli, imatali,

nukshitilimmi

satisfy the mind, to; Jihoblichi
saturate, to; yammichi
saturated; aiyammi, yammi
Saturday, nitak hollo nakfish
Saturn, fichik chito
saturnine, iccki
satyr, kon id anunkqsha
sauce, haiyunkpulo ilhpak
saucepan; airalqlli iskitini, haiyunkpulo

airalqlli
saucy, haksi

saunter, to; chuka pall it any a, intakobi
saunterer, chuka pulalit a^t/a
sausage meat, nipi baha shihi
savage; nuklia^kh iksho, okpulo
savage, a; hatak nan ikithano

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

547

savanna, oktak

save, to; alakofichi, atobbi, fiopachi, in-
hollo, ilatomba, lakoffichi, okchalinchi,
shileli

save up seed corn, to; pehnachi

saved; aiokchanya, alakoji, alhpoa, lakoj/i,
okchanya, pehna, shila

saved alive, okchanya

saver; apoba, ilatomba, lakoj/lchi, okcha
linchi

saving, ilatomba

Savior; hatak moma okchalinchi, lakof
fichi, na lakofichi, nan okchalinchi, ok
chalinchi

savor; balama, kashaha

savor, to; ahnichi, holba, holbachi, ka
shaha

saw; isht basha, iti isht basha

saw, crosscut; isht basha chito

saw, pit; iti isht basha chito

saw, sawmill; iti isht basha chito

saw, to; bashli

sawdust, iti botulli

saw-edged, kachoa

sawmill; abasha, iti abasha

sawn, basha

sawpit; abasha, iti abasha

saw-tooth, border, having a; kalas-
kachi

sawyer; bashli, iti bashli, kitak

say, to; a, achi, anoli, anumpuli, maka,
miha, nanak, nantukachi, nanuka, na-
wukachi, yammdk achi

say that, to; maka, makachi

saying; achi, amiha, anumpa, na miha

scab; liahpo hakshup, lachowa hakshup

scabbard; bashpo chito, bashpo fala-ia in-
shukcha, shukcha

scabbard, to; bashpo falaia inshukcha
fohki

scabbed; lachowa chito, makali

scabbed of£, fichonli

scabby, lachowa chito

scaffold, aba tola

scaffold, to; aba tola boli (to put on a
scaffold), aba tola ikbi (to make a scaf
fold)

scaffolding, aba tola

scald; alua, holhpa

scald, to; hukrni, luachi, oka lashpa

scald head, nushkobo lachowa

scalded; holhpa, hollokmi, lua, oka Iqshpa

scalding hot, hukma hinla

scale; atuya, isht alhpisa, nan isht weki,
nan isht ivekichi

scale, fish; nani hakshup

scale, to; apesa,fachanli,fachanlichi, loli}

oiya, wekichi
scale off, to; fakoha, fakoli, fakopa, fa-

kopli, falli, fichonli, fichonlichi, shui-

kacJd

scale off, to cause to; fichonlichi
scaled; hakshup a^sha, loha
scaled off; fakoha, fakowa, fala, fichonli
scales; haklopish, hakshup, isht wekichi
scales of a fish, hakshup fachowa
scalings, fakoha
scalp; hatak panshi, pansld lunfa
scalp, to; panshi lunfi
scalped, panshi lunfa
scalper, panshi lunfi
scaly; fachonwa, hakshup laua
scamper, to; maleli, yilepa
scan, to; hoyo, pisafehna
scandal; anumpa okpulo, hofahya, ma-
kali, nukoa

scandal, to; isht yopula
scandalize, to; isht yopula, nukoachi
scandalized, nukoa
scandalous; hofahya, makali
scant; chito, ona
scant, to; olabbi
scan tie, to; chulata, shima
scantling, iti basha
scanty; iskitini, laua, patha
scar; basosunkachi, lansa, minsa, misisun-

kachi

scar, large; yanfa
scar, to; lanfi
scarce; chabiha, laua
scarce, to render; chabihachi
scarcely; chohmi, naha
scarcity; chabiha, ona
scare, to; malalichi, malqlli, nukla-

kashli, nukshobli, nukshoblichi
scare away, to; helichi, hikachi
scarecrow; fala atoni, isht nukshobli,

osapa atoni
scared; malali, malata, nuklakancha, nuk-

shopa

scarf, anchi
scarf, to; achakali
scarfskin, hakshup
scarification, laha
scarified; lanfa, laha
scarifier, lali

scarify, to; lanfi, lali, lalichi
scarlet; humma, humrna tishepa, tishcpa
scarred; basasunkachi, minsa, misisunka-

chi

548

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

scathe, to; okpqni

scatter, to; fima, fimibli, Jimiblichi,

fimimpa, fimmi, Jimmichi, fimpkqchi,

habofqchi, lali, leli, tamoli, tiapa, tiqbli,
tishcli, yuli

scatter swellings, to; habolichi
scattered; Jinta, fimimpa, lanya, lia,

tin/Hi, tiqpakqchi, yula
scattered about, to be; tqlli
scatterer; fimibli, lali, leli, nafimmi,

fimmi, Jimmichi
scattering, achafoa
scavenger, hlna bqshpuli
scene; aiilauqlli, aiilauqlli chito, aiyo-

j)isa, awashoha
scenery, a plan
scent; ahchishi, balama, na balama, na

shiia, nana hunw(i
scent, to; achishi, ahchishi, balamqchi,

hunwa

scepter, minko intqbi
scepticism, aba anunipa yimmi
schedule, holisso
schedule, to; holisso atahilichi
scheme, to; atiuk/illi, apesa, alhpisa
schemer, nan a peso,
schism; aiinfalqmmi, itatiapa
scholar; aiithana, holisso ikhccna, holisso

imponna, holisso ithqna, holisso pisa,

nan ikhqna, 'nana aiithana
scholarship, holisso ikhana
school; aiikhqna, aiikhqnanchi, aiithqna,

holisso aiithqna, holisso a pisa, nana aiik
hqna

school, to; anumpuli, holisso itJtqnanchi
school day, nilak holisso j>isa
schoolboy, qffa holisso j)isa
schooUiouse; aiithqna chuka, holisso

aiithqna chuka, Jiolisso aj)isa, Jiolisso

apisa chuka
schooling; holisso ithqna nchi, holisso pisa

qlhtoba

schoolmaid, alia tek hoUvso pisa
schoolmaster, holisso pisachi
schoolmate, IIO/INSO ibaj)isa
science, ikhnna^
scientific; ikhana, imponna
scimitar; Itnxhpofnlnni, na Italupa
scintillate, to; cha/hchakachi, tolid/ali
scion, <>(}'<>
scii-rhus, knrlnmibi
scissors; >V// karlmi/a, -ixht kacha>/ushi,

is}// kaladntxlii
scoff, to; isltt //opi//<i

scoffer, isht yopula

scold; inhiyqchi, ohoyo nukoa

scold, to; i^hiyqchi, mihachi, nukoa

scolded, inhiya

scolder; inhiyqchi, nukoa

sconce; imanuk.fila chito, pqla afoka

scoop; isht piha, nan isht piha, oka isht

taka

scoop, to; kofussqchi, peli, takli
scooped; kofussa, piha, taka
scooper; peli, takli
scope, chito

scorch, to; anakshonfa, anakshua, luachi
scorched; anakshonfa, anakshua, ilowulh-

ko, lua

score; aheka, lakofa, pokoli
score, to; aheka takalichi, baklichi, chant

lakot bakli, lakoffi, lakoli, fanfi; shukli
scored; lakofa, lakowa, lanfa, shukli
scorer (meaning one who splits

wood), abaklichi
scores, lakonwa
scoria, yqlhki
scorn, shittilema
scorn, to; shittilema
scorn, to cause to; shiltilemqchi
scorner, shittilema
scornful, shittilema
scornful, to render; shittilemachi
scorpion, halambia
scotch, to; tikelichi
scotched; atapa, tikeli
scoundrel, hatak haksi
scour, to; ikfia, ikfiachi, kasholichi, iveh-

put ful lota

scour cloth, to; kashoffichi
scoured, kashokqchi
scourer, kasholichi
scourge, isht f am a

scourge, to; fahqnimi, fqinmi, lukaha
scourged, fqma
scourger; fqnuni, lukaha
scourging, lukaha
scout, tikba pisa
scout, to; shittilema, tikba pisa
scow, pcni patqssa

scow, to; i>cni patqssa fohkit isJit an>/a
scowl, okn'icftinli.
scowl^ to; ok/richinli, okyauinli, okt/au-

i nl it pinsa

scrabble, to; shaft
scraggy, lanlaki
scramble, to; lalqlli, tu^shpa
scrambler, bala/li

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

549

scranch, to; shakinlichi

scrap, tushafa

scrape, to; apeli, monjfi, pinfi, shanji,

shalichi, shgffi, shglakli
scrape, to cause to; shaffichi
scraped; pinfa, shanfa, shaha, shafa
scraper; akkashalgchi, isht shaj/i
scratch; kalafa, kqlli
scratch, to; kalaffi, kalli, pushka, shgj/i,

shulgjfi, shuli, ygslichi
scratch with the nails, to; pushka
scratched; kalnfa, kgla, shafa
scratcher; kalaffi, pushka
scratches, the; lachowa
scratches, to have the; kichali
scrawl, holisso okpulo
scrawl, to; Jiimak fokalit holissochi, ho
lisso chi

scrawler, himak fokalit holissochi
scream; chalanka, chilank
scream, to; chalanka, chilankachi, pa^ya,

tahpgla, tasaha, tasali, wanhachi, yahapa,

yaiya

screamer; hushi, tasaha, yahapa
screaming-; tasaha, yahapa
screech, to; ola, panya, yaiya
screen; atukkuchi, isht hoshintikachi
screen, to; atukkochechi, hoshontikachi
screw, isht ashana

screw, to; ateblichi, ilbgshachi, shanni
screw, wooden; iti shgna
screw^ of a gun at the breech, tanamp

sokbish isht ashana
screwed; atepa, ilbasha, shana
scribble, to; holissochi
scribe; anwnpa alhpisa isht atta, hatak

holissochi, holissochi, na holissochi, nan

inholissochi

scrimp, hatak nan inholitopa
scrimp, to; iskitinichi, yushtololichi
scrip; bahta, bahtushi, shukcha
scriptural, holisso holitopa takali
Scripture; aba anumpa, holisso, holisso

holitopa

scrivener, holissochi
scrofula, chilanli
scroll, holisso pula
scrub, hatak makali
scrub, to; kasholichi
scruple, nukiria
scruple, to; nukicia, yimmi
scrupulous; ahah ahui, glhpesa
scrutinize, to; achukmalit pisa
scud, hoshontoba

scud, to; mnleli

scuffle, itishi

scuffle, to; cifoa, alcli, haieli, itishi

scuffler; alcli, haieli, itishi

scull, to; modi, monj/i

scullion, hatonfalaha

sculpture, to; tilit hobachit ikbi

scum; glmochi, pokpoki

scum, to; pinfi

scummed, piha

scurrility, anumpa makali

scurrilous, makali

scythe; isht glmo, onush isht bgsha

scytheman, onush bgshli

sea; bgnakachi, okhgta, okhgt.a chito

sea, concerning- the; okhgta inuna

sea, great; okhgla chito

sea bank, okhgta out alaka

seaboard okhgta ont alaka

seacoast; okhata chito lapalika, okhgta la-

palika, okhgta ont alaka
sea fight, peni chito aiitibi
seashore, okhata ont alaka
seaside, okhgta chito lapalika
sea water, okhgta oka
seal (mark); iiichunwa, isht akamgssa,

ishtinchunli, isht inchu^iva
seal, to; akamgssali, akgllochi, inchun/i
sealed; akamgssa. akgllo, inchunu'a, ka-

mgssa

sealing wax; holisso isht akamassa, -ho
lisso isht akgllo, holisso isht ashana, isht

akamgssa

seam; aiachunwa, aiglhchunica
seaman, okhgta anya
seamed, achu^tca
seamster, nan achunli
seamstress; achunli, nan achunli, ohoyo

nan achunli
sear, to; kgllochi
search, hoijo
search, to; afanalechi, ahoyo, hikikia,

hot/o, ibakoli, pisa
searcher, hoyo
seared; kgllo, shila
seasick, okhgta aiabeka
seasickness, okhgta aiabeka
season; aiona, aiglhpesa, nitak
season, to; homechi, kgllochi, kgshahgchi,

shUa, shileli

season, vernal; to/ahpi
seasonable, nitanki
seasoned; kgshaha, shila
seasoned wood, iti shila

550

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

seat; abinili, aiasha, aionbinili, aioma-

nili, aionasha, apatqlhpo, binoli, chuka,

chukachafa abinili, hapulh, iti wanya,

o in binili
seat, to; abinolichi, binilichi, binolichi,

h ilechi

seat mate, ibabinili
seat of learning, aiikhana
seat with, to; ibabinilichi
seated; binili , binoli, chiya
seated round; abilepa, binoht aiasha
seated with, ibabinili
secede, to; ma
seclude, to; kucMchi
secluded, kucha

second; atuklo, hitukla, hotukla, iakaiya
second, a; apda, yakosi ititakla
second, to; apda, iakaiya
second, to make the; itutuklo
second time; anonti, atuklant, hituklaha
second time, to do it a; hituklanchi
secondly, atukla
secrecy, lumanka
secret; alumanka, haiaka, luma, lumasi,

na hima, nan luma
secret, in; lumanka
secret place; alumanka, alumpoa.
secretary; anump imeshi, anumpeshi,

hatak holwsochi, holissochi
secretary, king's; minko imanumpeshi
secrete, to; aluhmi, luhmi, lumpuli
secreted; luma, lumboa
secretly; luma, lumasi, lumasit, lumqt
sect, iksa

sect, Christian; aba anumpuli iksa
secular, yakni ahalaia
securely, achukmat
security, ahinna
sedate, -nuktala
sedateness, nuktala
sedentary, binili
sediment, lakchi
sedition; anukfohkachechi, okla anumpa

kobaffi
seduce, to; ishf akanohmechi, nukpqlli-

chechi

seduced, haksi
seducer, liakxichi
sedulous, (ichunanchi
see, yuki
see, to; ahah (thni, ahn-i, akostininchi,

hoUiponayo, hopo^koyo, hopumpoyo, ho-

j> H a a i/o, ikhana, noira, pixti
see, to cause to; holhponayochi, pisuchi

see all, to; mominchi

see and, to; pisat

see into, to; afanalechi

seed; atia, haiyunkpulo n.ihi, na nihi, nan

nihi, nihi, ushi isht atiaka
seed, to; nihi chitofa, nihi fimmi, nihi

toba

seed cane, oskonush
seed corn, pehna
seed potatoes, ahe pehna
seed wheat, onush pehna
seeded, ponola nihi
seedtime; nihi aholokchi aiona, nitak
seedy, nihi laua

seek, to; ahni, banna, hoyo, pisa, ponaklo
seeker; hoyo, na hoyo
seem, to; ahoba
seem, to cause to; ahoba
seem so, to; achini, chini
seemer, ilahobbi
seeming, holba
seemingly; achini, chini
seemly, qlhpcsa

seer; hopaii, na pinsa, nan ikhana, pisa
seesaw, to; fahakachi
seethe, to; honi, laboshli, walqlli, walql-

lichi

seethed; honni, labocha, walqlli
seine; nan isht okwia, nqni isht hokli
seize, to; asinta, hokli, ishi, yichiffi
seize, to cause to; yichiffichi
seize and hold, to; yichiffit ishi
seize the heart, to; chunkqsh ishi
seize the mind, to; imanuk/ila ishi
seize there or at, to; aiishi
seized, yichowa
seizer; hokli, islt-i, na hokli
seizure, hokli
seldom, j'ehna kci/u
select, aiyoba
select, to; achafoachi, achafolechi, acha-

foli, atokoa , atokolechi, atokulit ishi
selected; aiyoba, qlhloka
self; ak, J'ehna, hak, il<i]>, Hap akinli, He,

in li

self-abased, ilbqsha
self-abuse, ihkpani
self-conceit, ilefehnqchi
self-conceited, ilapakpuna
self-confidence, ilcylmmi
self-deceived, i It haksi
self-dedication, inrissa
self-denial; Holqbbi, olabbi
self-destroyer, okjxtni

BTINOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

551

self-determination; ilap ahni, ilap

anukfilli

self-devoted, ilap ahni ilekanchi
self-esteem; ahnichi, holitobli, ilahnin-

chi

self-evident, lumiksho
self-examination; anukfillit pisa, ila-

nukfdlit pisa
self-homicide, ilebi
self-important, fehnqchi
self-interest, nan isht ilaiyukpa
self-knowledge, ikhana
self-love, ileholitobli
self-murder; obi, ilebi
self -pi easing; ileyukpali, yukpali
self-praise, isht ilanumpuli
self-respect, holitobli
self-sufficient, ilefehnqchi
self -torment, isikkopali
self-tormentor; ileissikkopali, isikkopali
self-will, ilap aiahni
self-willed; ilapakpuna, ilapuna
selfish; ilapakpuna, ilapakpunla, ilapuna,

ilapun la

selfish, to make; ilapakpuachi
selfishness, ilapunla
selfsame, mih

sell, to; ima, kanchi, takqffit kampila
sell, to cause to; kanchichi
sell a book, to; holisso kanchi
sell back, to; falgtnmint inkanchi
sell off, to; tali

seller; kanchi, kinalichi, na kanchi
seller on credit, ahekachi
selvage, yikila

selvage, to make a; yikilqchi
semblance, holba
semi, iklqnna

semiannual, afqmmi iklqnna
semiannually, afqmmi iklqnnakma
semicircle, chqnaha iklqnna
seminary, aiithqna
seminate, to; fimmi, ikbi
sempiternal, atahahe iksho
senate, hatak hochitoka itqnaha
senate house; aboha hanta, anu^ka Jian-

ta, chuka hanta

senator; hatak hochitoka, hatak nan apesa
send, to; apesa, atohno, atokoli, bohpuli,

boli, iachi, ima, kampila, pila, pit, tileli,

tohno

send after, to; iakaiyachi
send away, to; tishelichi

send back, to; falamichi

send for, to; inhoa

send from, to; tileli

send in, to; kuchi .

send off, to; chqfichi

send on, to; onochi

send this way, to; auechi

send to, to; pit

sender; bohpuli, chqfichi, isht auechi, nan

chufichi, pila
senior, sipokni inshqli
sensation, a painful; siminkahanchi
sense; imanukfda, isht akostininchi, kos-

tini

senseless, imanukfda iksho
sensible; imanukfda ansha, kostini
sensible man, hatak kostini
sent; atokowa, qlhtoka, boppoa
sentence; anumpa, anumpa achqfa,

anumpa qlhpisa, anumpa kqllo onutula
sentence, to; anumpa apesa, anumpa

kqllo onuchi, anumpa onuchi
sentenced; anumpa onutula, anumpa

kqllo onutula

sentiment; aiahni, imanukfda
sentinel; atoni, atoni hikia, atoni hioli
separate; ilabinka, ilaminka
separate, to; atqbli, atqptua, atqptuli,

filamolcchi, filqmmichi, hota, kashqbli,

kashkoa, katapa, katqbli, kqshkoli, ki-

nqffi, kotafa, tqbli, tqptua, tqptuli, tiapa
separated; atapa,/dama,fdamoli, holhta,

kashapa, kashkoa, tqpa, tqptua
separately; ilabinka, ilap binka, itakqsh-

kulit
separation; itakqshkoa, itakqshkuli, iti-

tapa, tqpa, tqptua
separator; filamolcchi, itakqshkuli
September, Siptimba
septennial, afqmmi untuklo
septennially, afqmmi untuklokma
sepulcher; ahollohpit hatak aholopi, si-

pqlka

sepulcher, to; ahoUopi boli, hohpi, hopi
sequel, iakaii/a
seraph, aba hatak
sere, shila

serene; masheli, shohmakali, yohbi
serene, to make; shohmakalichi
serene heart, chunkqsh yohbi
sereneness, shohmakali
serenity; masheli, yohbi
serious; aba anumpa nukfoka, nuktanla

552

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

serious person, aba anumpa ahni
sermon; anumpa, aba anumpa anumpa,

aba isht anumpa, fulumi
sermonize, to; itba anumpa isht anum-

puli

sermonizer, aba anumpa isht anumpuli
serous matter, okchushba
serpent, sinti
serpent, a certain; sakli, sinti lusluki,

sinti sham

serpent, a young; sintushi
serpent's egg, sintushi
serpentine, fullokachi
serrate, hikowa
serrated, lakowa
servant; anumpcshi, inshali nan isht

iniqtta, ilhtohno, nan qlhtoka, tishu
servant, man; tishu
serve, to; anukcheto, atia, holitobli, holi-

toblit aianlichi, imantia, ipeta
service, intoksali
serviceable, achukma
servile, yvka chohmi
servitor, tishu
servitude, i/itka a^sha
session, anumpulit ansha
set; qlhtokoa, haioli, hika, kqllo, talaia,

t aloha, la la

set (of bones ),fonifalqmmint itifohka
set, a; tula achqfa
set, to; ahokoffi,, alata, apesa, biniUchi,

fohki, hilechi, hokchi, ia, kahpuli, olca-

tiila, okqttula, onochi, takakanli, tahili,

taloli, tqla
set apart, qlhtoka
set apart, to; hoi itoblichi , hullochi
set back, to cause to; oka bikclichi
set bones, to; foni falqmmint itifohki
set deep, to; h of obi chit hiJechi
set down, to; /«/«//, laloli
set down into water, to; okkqchi
set forth, to; talaii
set in, to; alachahqchi, alachali
set in endwise, to; ubUi, achoshuli
set on; atalaia, ataloha, ontalaia
set on, to; ulohni<'hi, talaia, talaii, toh-

nocfti, tonhochi
set on edge, to; kaioUchi
set on fire, to; Intkmi. luachi
set up; hii'li, hikiu, hioli
set up, to; Ituiolichi, Jtielichi, hilcchi, hio-

lichi
sets, one who; talaii, taloli

setter; binili, talaii

setter up, hilechi

setting pole, isht tobli

settle, aiomanili falaia

settle, to; abenilichi, abinolichi, aioklq-

chi, aiskiachi, akamqssa, apesa, atali,

auaya, binili, biniUchi, binoli, binolichi,

hilechi, hotina, kamqssa, oka tqla, okatula
settle a liquid, to; oka talaia
settle at, to; abenili, abinili, aiokla
settle with, to; ibabinili
settle with, to cause to; ibabinilichi
settled; aiokla, qlhpesa, binili, binoli,

oka tqla

settled with, ibabinili
settlement; abinili, abinoli, aiokla,

auaya, chuka lukonli
settler; abenili, abinili, abinoli
seven, untuklo
seven nights, nitak untuklo
seven stai's, the; fichik watqlhpi
seven times, untukloha
sevenfold, inluhmi
seventeen, auah huntuklo
seventh, isht untuklo
seventh time, isht untukloha
seventieth, isht pokoli
seventy, pokoli
sever, to; hokolichi, kololichi, koluffi, li-

tafa, Utqffi, lilqffi, tqbli, tqpa, tqptua,

tqptuli

sever, to cause to; tqblichi
sever from, to; filemolechi
several; ilaiyuka, kanohmi, kanomona,

katohmona , yakom i
severe; kqllo, nukhqrnmi, palqmmi
severe, to render; palqmmichi
severed; akolofa, hokoli, kolofa, kololi,

litofa, tqpa, tqptua
severely; kqllot, palqmmichi
severity; kqllo, palqmmi
sew, to; uchunli

sew on a sleeve, to; shakba achunli
sewed; uchunn~a. qlhchunwa
sewer (one who sews), achunli
sewing, achunli
sewn, qlhchunira
sexennial; afqmmi hannali, afqmmihan-

nalikma

sexton; ahollopi kqlli, hohpi
shabby; lifitit"kqchi, Ulnh^lachi
shackle, /.s7// lalakchi
shackle, to; takchi

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

553

shackled, talakchi

shade; ahoshonlika, aioklilinka, hoshonti
ka, isht hoshintikachi, hoshonti, shilom-
bish, shilup

shade, dark; polvflsak
shade, to; hoshontika, hoshonlikachi, ka-

pqssqchi

shade of inanimate objects, hoshontika
shade tree, iti qlhpoa
shaded; hoshontika, oklili
shadow; ahoshontika, hoshonti, oklili, shi-

lombish

shadow, to; kapqssqchi, oklilechi
shadowy; haiaka, oklili
shady; hoshontika, hoshontika laua
shaft; ahalalli, ulhpi, uski naki
shafted, ulhpi a™sha
shag, hishi chito
shag lock, hishi chito
shagbark hickory; /a/a, kapun qpi
shagbark hickory nut, kapun
shagged, hishi chito a™sha
shaggy, hishi chito
shake; pqlokqchi, wqnnichi, winnakqchi,

winnqttakqchi

shake, to; chobolichi, fahalichi, faiokqchi,
faioli, faiolichi, faiotlakqchi, fqttahqchi,
fotokqchi, haiuchi, ilhkolichi, nukwime-
kqchi, paiolichi, poalichi, tahtuli, icaloli,
winnakqchi, ivinnali, winnalichi, win
nqttakqchi
shake, to cause to; haiuchichi, 'winna-

lichi

shake hands, to; aiokpqchi
shake loosely, to; fqtokqchi
shake off, to; liwelichi, tahtuli
shake the purpose, to; chunkqsh inlqchi
shake with the ague, to; wqnnichi
shaken; boli, fahali, faiokqchi, tahtua,

winnakqchi, winnali, winnqttakqchi
shaky, palata

shall; a, an, achin, achik, ahe, ahinla,
ashke, chin, chuk, hachin, he, het, hi,
hinla, hokma, lashke
shall hereafter, himma
shall not; ahe keyu, aheto, awa, he keyu,

he to

shall toward, himma
shallow; hofobi, okshauoha, pachansi
shallow, a; ahofobi
shallow-brained, imanukfila iksho
shallowness; ho/obi, imanukfila iksho
sham, holabi

sham, to; yimmichi

shaman, alikrhi

shambles, nipi aiittatoba

shame; ahofahya, hofahya, wht hofahya

shame, to; hj)fayali, hofahyqchi

shamed man, hatak hofahya

shameful, hofahya

shamefully; hofahyqt, hofuyalit

shameless, hofah iksho

shameless man, hatak hofahya iksho

shamer; hofahyqchi, hofayali

shank, iyinchampko

shape; holba, pisa

shape, to; akkott, apoksiachi, hobachi, ikbi

shape of a man, hatak holba

shaped, qlhkoha

shapeless, pisa ikachukmo

share, kashapa

share, to; kashapa ishi, kashqblit ishi,
kqshkoli

share with, to; ibata^kla ishi

shared, kqshkoa

sharer, ibatavkla ishi

shark, nqni chito

shark, to; hu^kupa

sharp; chilita, halupa, halupoa, homi,
nukhqmmi, palqmmi

sharp, to; haksichi

sharp eye, nishkin halupa

sharp-sighted; isht hopunkoyo imachuk-

ma, nishkin halupa

sharp sound; haksobish chansa, samampa

sharpen, to; achakqli, haluppqchi, halup-

pqlli, ibakchufanlichi, ibakchufanshlichi,

sholichi, tqlichi, tilichi

sharpened; halupa, halupoa, shoha, shu-

ahchi

sharpener, nan isht tali
sharpens, one who; sholichi
sharper; haksichi, hatak haksichi
sharply; halupa, palqmmi
sharpness; halupa, homi, palqmmi
sharpshooter, hunssa imponna
shatter, to; fimibli, litoa, shima, shimmi,

tascmbochi

shattered; litoa, shima, tasembo
shatters, litoa

shave, to; ilbqshachi, shanfi, tushalichi
shave, to cause to; sha^fichechi
shave and lap over, to; shanfil itiaiopi-

tqinmiclii
shaved, sha^fa
shaved, having the head; yushkabali

554

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

shaved board, iti shanfn

shaver; aUa nakni, hatak himmila, ita-

toba kqllo, shanfi
shaving; asha^Ji, shafa, shanji, iti ashanfa

botulli, tushali
shawl; anchi, iachuka, inuchi, nantapaski

anchi, nantapaski chito, umpatali
shawl, turkey-feather; kasmo
she; ilqppa, in, yqmma, yqimnak ashosh
she-bear, tck
sheaf; asehta, sita, sitoha
sheaf, to; sitcli, sitoli
sheaf of wheat, onush sita
shear, to; amo, bashli, chukfi hishi qmo
sheared; a/mo, bqsha
shearer; amo, bashli, chukfi hishi amo,

kacheli

shears; isht kachaya, isht kalasha, kalasha
shears, large; isht kachaya chito
sheath; bqshpo chito, shukcha
sheathe, to; alatali
shed; aboha apishia, hoshontika
shed, to; katqbli, latqbli, monfa
shed forth, to; fnhobli
shed hair, to; boyafa, boy all, luehqchi,

tikafa, tokofi

shed light upon, to; umpala
shed tears, to; 7iishkin okchi
shedding of the hair; boyafa, boyali
sheep; chukfqlhpoba, chukfi
sheepfold; chukfalhpowainhollihta, chukfi

aiashci

sheepish; chukfoba, hofahya, takshi
sheepskin, chukfi hakshup
sheer, anli

sheet, tnpa umpatalhpo
sheet of paper, holisso pula
sheeting, nan tqnna tohbi
shekel, shekel

shelf; atalain, a/a/a, aba tqla
shelf, a book; holisso ahikia, holisso aia-

sha, holisso akaha, holisso atalaia, holisso

ataloha

shelf, milk; pishukchi ataloha
shell, hakshup
shell of a nut, /om
shell, oyster; sha^ha loba
shell, to; t-hihikka, fakopa, hakshup aku-

cJnchi, hajichi, hanlichi, lujffi, lull, loha
shelled; chihtkka, fakopa, hanla, hanya,

litj'ii, luha, loha, nihi
shelled corn, la^sh chilluka
shelter, aititokko
shelter, to; alukko, atukkochechi, ahtk-

kuchi

sheltered, ohulmo
shelves; ataloha, atalohmaya
shepherd; apesqchi, chukfqlhpowa apisti-

keli, chukfi apesqchi, chukfi apistikeli
sheriff; hatak takchi, na hollo takchi
shield; telihpa, tilikpi
shield, to; atukkuchi, lakoffichi
shielded, lakoffi
shift; kaksi, kanqlli, ohoyo fana foka

lumbo

shift, to; ilaiyuka, inlqchi, kanali, kanchi
shift a garment, to; atobbitfoka
shift about, to; Jitiha
shifter, kanqllichi
shin; champko, chibanko, chuma^ko, iyin-

champko
shin bone; iyqpi champko, iyinchampko

foni
shine, to; chqlhchakqchi, halalunkqchi,

malancha, malantkqchi, mqlmakqchi, ok-

tanelichi, pqla, shohmalali, shohpakali,

shumpalali, tohwikeli, tombi
shine, to cause to; chqlhchakqchechi, ma-

lanchqchi, shumpalalichi, tombichechi,

tombwhi
shine dimly, to; chukpalali, tohkasakli,

tohmasakli, tohmasali

shine dimly, to cause to; tohmasaklichi
shine feebly, to; tohmasali
shine feebly, to cause to; tohmasalichi
shine on, to; umpala
shine quick, to; tohmali
shine with a feeble light, to; tohmali
shingle; aboha isht hoi mo, chuka isht hoi-
mo, isht, holmo, iti shima
shingle, to; homo
shingled, holmo
shining; chqlhchakqchi, halasbi, limishko,

malancha, malqtha, mqlmakqchi, okta-

ncli, shohmalali, tohvnkeli
shining appearance, to make a; okta-

nelichi

shiny; shohmalali, tohwikeli
ship; pcni, peni chito, peni hochito
ship, to; peni chito fohki, peni chito fohkit

pi la

ship, to take; peni foka
shipbuilder, peni chito ikbi
ship captain, peni chito kapetqni
shipload, peni (tlota
shipmaster; peni chito isht anya, peni

chito kapetqni
shipped, peni chito foka
shipping, j>eni chito
shipwreck, peni chito koa

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

555

shipwreck, to; peni chito koli
shipwrecked, peni cMto okpulo
shipwright, peni chito ikbi
shirt; fohka, ilefolca lumbo, na fohka, na

foka lumbo

shirt, hunting; nafoka patafa
shirt, to; na foka lumbo foka, na foka

lumbo fokqchi

shifted, nafoka lumbo foka
shirting, nan tqnna tohbi
shitepoke, okataktak
shiver, chulafa
shiver, to; chula, chulali, wolobli, ivula,

wuli, wulobli, wulopa
shivered; chula, wula, wulopa
shivering; chuli, hochukwoba, wqnnichi,

wulobli
shoal; hofobi, itahoba, itanaha, laua, ok-

chapqssi, okchawaha
shoal, to; itahoba, itanaha
shock; itaiisso, winnqttakqchi
shock, to; nuklakqsJili, winnattakachechi
shock, to cause to; winnattakachechi
shock of English grain, onush sita

itanaha

shock of wheat, onush sita itanaha
shock wheat, to; onush sita itqnnali
shocked; nuklakancha, yuala
shod, tali lapali
shoe; shulush, shulush kallo
shoe, English; shulush kamqssa, shulush

kallo
shoe, to; isuba iyi tali lapalichi, shulush

•imatali, tali lapalichi
shoe blacking, shulush isht lusachi
shoe buckle, shulush isht akamassa
shoe latchet, shulush isht talakchi
shoe string, shulush isht talakchi
shoe with a hard sole, shulush kamqssa
shoemaker, shulush ikbi
shoes, a pair of; shulush itichapa
shoes, furnished with; shulush imqlh-

taha

shoes, light; shulush shohqla
shoes, to furnish with; shulush imatali
shoot; bamppoa, ojfo, tukafa
shoot, to; anya, bikobli, hunssa, nqli,

offo, tokali, tukafa
shoot forth, to; bimli
shoot of a plant, the; bikobli
shoot with a blowgun, to; bamppulli
shoot with a witch ball, to; isht qlbi

nqli
shooter, hunssa

shooter with a blowgun, banippulti

shooting; hu^sm, tukali

shooting star; fichik heli. jicliik Jn'ka

shop; aiitatoba, atoksqli

shop, blacksmith's; /(j/aboli

shop, slop; nafoka aiitatoba

shop, to; aiitqtobanowa, cJtu.in.pa, ifatoba

shopkeeper, na kanchi

shore; alaka, oka aialaka, oka alaka, oka

all, oka ont alaka, ont, ontalaka, tikdi
shore, to; tik'elichi
shored, tikeli

shorn; qlmo, bqsha, yushmilaU
short; falaia, kolhkoki, koloksh-i, laua, mo-

toJiki, ona, pqli, tilofa, iilofasi, tiloha,

toluski, tolusli, yushkololi, yufshmitoli,

yushtololi
short, to make; koloksJiichi , toluskirhi,

yushkololichi

short and round, lobukta
short and round, to render; lobuk-

tqchi

short and thick, lotuski
short and thick, to make; lotuskichi
short breath; fiopa kobafa, jiopat taha
short hair, to have; okmilali
short speech, tilofa
short talk, tilofa
short time, in a; chekusikma
short-breathed; Jiopa ikfalaio, ftopa

kobafa, fiopa taha
shorten, to; hokolichi, yushkololichi,

yushtololichi

shortened; yushkololi, yushtololi
shortener, yushkololichi
short-faced; ibaklipinli, ibaktokonli
shortish, tilofasi
short-lived, nitak ikfafalaio
shortly; ashalinka, chekusi
shorts, haJdopish
short-sighted, nishkin ikhalupo
short-winded; fiopa kobafa, ilhfiopak
shot (noun), nakunshi
shot (participle); hunssa, nqla, ontukafa,

tukafa

shot bag, atohchi
shot from a blowgun, bamppoa
shot pouch, atohchi
shot with a witch ball, isht qlbi nqla
shote; shukha Jiimmita, sJiukJiushi
should; hinlatuk, hotuk
should be, chintok
should have; ahetok, ahetuk, he
should have been; chintok, chintnk, he

556

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

should have to be; achintok, achintuk
shoulder; fulup, tahchi
shoulder, to; ilabannali, sholi
shoulder-blade; fulup foni, okpqtafoni,

tahch i okpqtha

shoulder of a bottle, timpi
shout; shakapa, tahpala, yahapa
shout, to; shakapa, shakabli, tahpala,

tasaha, tasali, yahapa
shout at, to; apahyachi
shouted at, apdhydh
shouter; apahyachi, shakabli, tahpala,

tasaha, tasali, yahapa
shouting; tasaha, yahapa
shove, tobli
shove, to; tobli
shovel; isht piha, lukfi isht piha, nan isht

piha

shovel, ash; hituk chubi isht piha
shovel, fire; hituk chubi isht piha, luak

isht shqfa, luak isht shqffi
shovel, large fire; hituk chubi isht peli

fa la la

shovel up, to; peli
shoveled up, piha
show, to; anoli, haiaka, haiakqchi,

imabqchi, oktqnichi, p'isachi, ircli, yopi-

sachi

show bread; pqska holitopa, pqska otqni
show by argument, to; okfali
shower; pisachi, umba
shower, to; lali, umba, umbqchi
showered, umba
shown by argument, ok/aha
shred, chulata
shred, to; chulqlli, chuli
shreds, to become; poshukta
shrew; ohoyo isht ahollo, ohoyo nukoa
shrewd, imponna
shrewdly, iniponnat
shriek; tahpala, yaiya
shriek, to; char>sa, panya, tahpala, yaiya
shrill; <-ha»sa, halupa
shrill, to; cha"sa

shrill noise, to make a; n-aKhalmchi
shrine; itonihi, na Itolitopa aiaUtto
shrink, to; bqshcchi, nulsshopa, nukicia,

shilcli, ytknta. ijikutkachi
shrink, to cause to; shuUarhi
shrink e r , -nukir ia
shrivel, to; i/fkntn, yikulli
shriveled, yikota
shroud, hatak l/li v',s7// a/oil
shroud, to; hatak il/i -iaJit afoli, ixht a foil

shrub, shauwa

shrubby, bafqlli

shrunk, shqchaha, shila, shulla, yikutkqchi

shucked, hanya

shudder, wannichi

shudder, to; nukshopa, wannichi

shuffle, to; aiyummi, fullokqchi, shalal-

lichi

shuffled, aiyuma
shuffler, fullokachi
shun, to; apakfopa, nukwaya
shunned, apakfopa
shut; fohka, hokofa, luma, okhilishta,

okshillita, poloma
shut, to; afacha, akqmmi, fohki, hokoj/i,

luhmi, okhishta, okhitta, okshilita, okshita,

polomi, ukhishta
shut in, apohtuka

shut in, to; apohtukachi, holihta fohki
shut the mouth, to; itakommuchi
shut up; aiokshilinta, akama, alhkama
shut up, to; akqmmi
shutter; isht okshilita, isht oktqpa, isht

ukhatapa

shutter, window; apisa isht alhkama
shuttle; isht tana, nan isht tana
shy; honayo, nukshopa, nukwia
shy, to; nukshopa
shyness; honayo, nukshopa
sick; abcka, qbi, chukyiweta, yqnha
sick at the stomach; anukpoqli,

itukchabachi, itukchuba
sick in the feet, iyi isht abeka
sick man, hatak abeka
sick with, isht abcka
sick with the pleurisy, chunukabi
sicken, to; abeka, abekqchi
sickish, hoetqchi bqnna
sickle; isht qlrno, onush isht qlmo, onush

isht bqslta

sickliness, abeka shall
sickly; abcka, abcka chuhmi, abeka shali,

abekoma

sickness; abeka, -nan abcka
side; abaiya, alapalika, anaksi, anaksika,

apota, apotaka, chakpaka, chunuko,

ikfd-xa, ik/icJnikbi, isht ukfoata, lapali,

lapalika, 'tiaksi, naksika, okhoataka,

pahrta, pqxa, lakla
side, being on the; lapali
side, one; tan nap
side, situated at the; apanta
side, the opposite; tan nap
side, the upper; pakna

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

557

side, to; apela, ataiya

side, to be at the; apota, apotoa

side, to go to the; anaksika

side, to place on the; lapalichi

side, to put to one; anaksikachi

side, to stay on the; lapali

side, to turn the; anaksi

side by side, to lie or stand; apqlli,

aputkqchi

side hill, abaksacheka
side of (a swamp or creek), abaiyqka
side of, this; lakla
side of, to place by the; apotoli
side of a boat, alaka
side of a creek, bok intqnnqp
side of a fence, holihta okhowataka
side of a hill; nanih chakpataka, nanih

chakpa ta lika , okkattahaka
side of a house; chuka itabana, chuka

naksika

side of a tree, iti chakpa
side saddle, isuba umpatqlhpo falakto
sided, alata

sidepiece of a fireplace, asanali
sideways, okhoata
sidewise, to lie; apota
sieve, isht yuha
sieve, coarse; shakla
sift, to; yuli
sifted, yuha
sifter, isht yuha

sifter, to run through a; yuha
sigh, chitolit fwpa
sigh, to; chitolit fiopa, chitot fiopa,

nukhanklo

sigher, chitolit fiopa
sight; apisaka, hopo^koyo, isht pisa,

nishkin, pisa

sight, to take; tanampo anumpisachi
sight of a gun; aianompisa, tanampo

anumpisa

sight of the eye, nishkin nihi
sightless, nishkin kqnia
sign; aiisht ahollo, isht aiqlhpisa, isht

atokowa, isht qlhpisa, nan isht atokowa
sign, to; hochifo takalichi, holissochi
signal, chito

signature, hochifo takali
signed, hochifo takali
signer, hochifo holisso takalichi
signify, to; anoli, haklochi,
silence; chalosa, na mihiksho, samanta
silence, to; ahokoffi, algnimichi,chulosachi,

hokojfi, hopolalli, nuktalali

silence, to keep; nukchinto

silenced, alam,a

silent; anumpa inlaua, anumpuli, kinint

iksho, nukchinto
silent, to become; chulosa
silent man, hatak luma
silent person, na miha iksho
silently, lumat
silk, silik

silken; lapushki, silik
sill, aboha intula
silly, imanukfila iksho
silver; talifehna, tali hat a, tali holisso
silver, to; tali hata akkoli
silver button, tali hata isht akainassa
silver gorget, tali hata chinakbi
silver hatband, tali hata bita
silver plated, tali hata alhkoha
silver spoon, tali hata isht impa
silvered, tali hata alhkoha
silversmith; tali hata ikbi, tali hatikbi
similar; chohmi, holba,
similarity, itiholba
simile, isht alhpisa
similitude, holba
simmer, to; icalqlli ammona
simper, to; yukpa
simple; achafa, anli, bano, haksulba,

imanukfila iksho
simpleton, imanukfila iksho
simplicity; anli, apissanli
simplify, to; haiakachechi
simply; bano, beka, haiakat, pth
simulate, to; hobachi
simultaneous, mih
sin; aiashachi, aiashqchika, aiyoshoba,

ashqchi, na yoshoba, nan aiashqcheka,

nan ashqcheka, nan ashqchi, yoshoba
sin, to; ashqchi, yoshoba
sin about, to; aiashachi
sinapism, ashela
since; ho, itintakla
sincere, a^li

sincere heart, chunkash anli
sincerely, anli
sincerity; anli, chunkqsh anli
sinew; akshish, kqllo
sinewed; akshish ansha, kqllo
sinews; hakshish, inchqshwa
sinews of the loins, chqshwa
sinewy; akshish, kqllo
sinful; achukma, ashqchi, haksi, okpulo,

yoshoba
sinful man, hatak yoshoba

558

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

sinf ulness; okpulo, yoshoba

sing, to; hchi, kann-a, ola, olqchi, taloa,

tqlua

sing as locusts, to; washahqchi
singe, to; anakshonffi, anaksholi
singed; anakshonfa, anakshua
singer; hchi, taloa
singer (one who singes); anaksholi
singer, a skillful; taloa impound
singers, a body of; taloa aliha
singing, good; taloa achukma
singing, to lead in; taloa isht ia
singing, to practice; taloat abqchi
singing book, ataloa
singing master; taloa ikhanachi, taloa

imponna

single; achafa, anli, auaya, ilap bano
single file, to move in a; baiallit anya
single file, to stand in a; baiallit hika
single haul, himonna achafa halqlli
single man, hatak ohoyo ikimiksho
single out, to; achafolechi, achafolechi
single time, himonna
single word, ilia
singled out, achafoa
singleness; achafa, anli
singly; ilap achafa, ilap bano
singular; ilia, inla
sinister; afqbekimma, okpulo
sink, to; akka ia, qlhchunnqchi, hq/ikbi,

oka kqnia, okatula, okbilhha, oklobushli,

oklobushlichi

sink, to cause to; oka talali
sinless; ashachi, yoshobiksho
sinner; ashachi, hatak yoshoba, nan

ashachi, yoshoba
sinuate, to; fullokqchi
sip, to; In mat ishko
sir; ihltokaka, inshali
sire; a "/•/', ij>ki
sii'loin, nali nipi
sirocco, inaf! lash pa
sirup (of sugar), hqpi clu.mpuH okchi
sister; antck, amanni, iinnnni, fonakjish,

intt'k. itibapishi, nakfish
sisterhood, inick aliha
sister-in-law; anialah usi ohoi/o, i»lta!i/a,

iinalakusi ohoyo, impusnakni, ipo
sit, to; aiasha, alata, «",s7/f, qxhii'a, biitili,

buinili, buioli, chi i/a, hil'ia. omanUl
sit, to cause to; binnilcchi
sit apart, to; naksika bin Hi
sit around, to; binoht aiasha, hioht ansha
sit at, to; abinili

sit by, to; binoht maya

sit down, to; abenili, akkabinoli

sit here and there, to; bininili

sit in secret, to; lumat chinya

sit on, to; abinili, omanili, ontalaia,

ontalali, talaia, tola
sit on the heels, to; pochuko
sit out, to; kucha a^sha
sit round, to; abinot manya, ataloht

maya,- binoht maya
sit sideways, to; naksi
sit with, to; ibabinili, ibaia^sha, ta^kla

ansha, tankla binili, tankla binoli
site, aiontalaia
site of a house, chuka aiitola
sitter; binili, binoli
sitting; abenili, alata, anumpulit ansha,

ansha, binili, bininli
sitting round, binohmaya
situated; talaia, taloha
situation, talaia
six, hannali

six, to make; hannalichi
sixfold, inluhmi
sixteen, auah hannali
sixth, isht hanali
sixth time, isht hanaliha
sixtieth, isht pokoli
sixty, pokoli
size; chito, Tcauehto
size thread, to; chilakbichi
sizy; likaha, okchauabi
sizy, to render; likahachi
skein; pokuspoa, pokussa, ponolafabassa

achafa, shonuya

skein, to make a; pokussali, shonuyachi
skein of cotton; ponola itapana, ponola

itapana achafa
skeleton; alhpoafoni, hatak chunna, na

foni

skeptic, yininii
skeptical, yimm i

skiff; pcni, pcnushi, penushi pqlhki
skill, imponna
skilled, imponna
skillet, oka alibisha
skillful, imponna

skillful magician, fa ppuli imponna
skillful person, imponjw
skillful writer, hatak holissochi imponna
skim, to; mahaii/qt anya, modi, moli,

okpcli, pqlhkit anya
skimmed; moa, moha
skimmer; isht moeli, isht mofi, isht okpeha

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

559

skin, hakshup

skin, to; lujffi, lonjji, loll, monfa, um-

poholmo, umpohomo

skinned; fo"/a, loha, mo^/a, umpatglhpo
skinner; lonffi, loli, na hakshup kanchi
skip, tolupli
skip, to; tolupli, tulli
skirmish, itibbi
skirmish, to; itibi
skirt; haksobish, hasimbish
skirt, to; fololichi
skirt of a saddle, sanahchi
skirted, folota
skittish, nukshopa
skulk, to; luhmi
skull, nushkobofoni
skunk, koni
sky, shutik
sky, fair; masheli

sky, the convex of the; shutik tabokaka
slab; banspoah, iti bgsha
slab, to; bakali, bakalichi
slabbed, bakali
slack; sglaha, yohapa
slack, to; mokoffi, sglaha, yohapa
slack, to cause to; yohablichi
slacken, to; yahapoli, yohabli, yohapa
slackened, yohapa
slackly; sglahgt, yohapgt
slackness, yohapa
slag; tali iyglhki, tglin yglhki
slaie, uski chula
slake, to; fihobli
slam; aiisso, isso
slander, anumpa okpulo onuchi
slander, to; achokushpalechi, achokush-

pali, anumpa chukushpali, anumpa

okpulo onuchi, na mihachi, nan umaehi,

nan umanchi

slandered; achokushpa, achokushpgchi
slandered, to cause to be; achokushpa-

chechi
slanderer; achokushpalechi achokushpali,

anumpa chukushpali, anumpa chukush-

pashali, na mihachi, nan umaehi
slanderer, noted; na mihachi shall
slanderous; achokushpa, chukushpa, nan

umaehi

slant; shanaia, iraiya
slant, to; naksikachi, shanaigchi, waiygchi
slanting; pashaya, shanaia, tashaya,

waiya
slap, pgsalichi

slap, to; Igsaha, Igsalichi, pgsaha, pgsa
lichi

slapping, pgsaha

slaps, one who; pgsaha

slash, to; bgshli, chanli

slat; banspoah, okhoatkgchi, tikcli

slate; aholissochi, tali aholissochi

slate, to; holisso takalichi

slated, holisso takaii

slattern, ohoyo litiha

slaughter, gbi

slaughter, to; gbi

slave, yuka

slave-born, yuka gtta

slaver, itukchi

slaver, to; itukholaya

slavish, yuka ahalaia

slay, uski chula

slay, to; akkakoli, gbi, illichi

slayer; gbi, nan gbi

sleazy; hoyapa, okshgchinli, okshalinchi,
okshichanli, tapuski

sled, iti shalglli

sled, to; iti shalglli isht anya

sledge, tali isht boa chito.

sleek; halushki, limimpa, limishko

sleek, to; halushkichi, limimpgchi, limish-
kuchi

sleeked, halushki

sleekness; halushki, limimpa

sleep, nusi

sleep, to; nusi

sleep (as the limbs), to; shimoha

sleep, to cause; nusechi

sleep, wanting to; nusgchaya

sleep at, in, on, there; to: a nusi

sleep with, to; ibanusi

sleeper; iti bachoha, nusi

sleepily, nusolba

sleepy; nusgchaya, nusi, nusilhha, nusolba

sleepy fellow, hatak nusilhha shali

sleet, bgehalusha

sleet, to; bgchalusha

sleet, to cause; bgchalushgchi

sleeve, shakba

sleeve, to; shakba achunli, shakbcfohki

sleigh, iti shalglli

sleigh bell, tali shiloha chito

sleight, haksi

slender; chaugla, fabaspoa, fabgsfoa,
fahkOjfouiosa, kota

slice; pgsa, tuchali, tushafa

slice, to; bgsht tushgffi, pgsli, tushtuli

560

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

sliced; tushali, tushtua

slicing-off place, atoshafa

slide, to; shalali, shalalli, shalqllichi,

shohalalli
slide, to cause to; shalalichi, shohalql-

lichi

slight, lumasi

slight, a; aiokpqchi, pinsiksho
slightly, la pali
slim; chanqla, fabqsfoa, fabqssa, fabqssoa,

fomosa
slime, wilaha

sliniiness; likancha, likanli, likoa, wilaha
slimy; lifcaha, likancha, likanli, likashbi,

likoa, irilaha, wushwoki
slimy, to render; likanchachi, likanlichi,

likoh i<~h i, ti' ilahqch i
sHng; hannaweli, isht bopuli, nan isht

j'ahqmmi, nan isht pila
sling, wooden; nan ishtfakuli
sling, to; bohpuli, fahammi
slink, to; akkamololi
slip; qlhkuna falaia, chulata, full, shaka-

Iqlli, shalalli
slip, to; ashachi. arno, lakoffi, shakalalli,

shahikli, shalali, shalalli, shalallithi,

shohalalli

slip, to cause to; shakalallichi, shalalli
chi, shohalqllichi, shohhalalichi
slip do~wn, to; shohhalali
slip in, to; Intnqtfohki
slip of paper, holisso lilafa
slip off, to; shunfa, lakofa
slip once, to; shqlakli
slip out, to; mokofa, mokojfi, shu,nfa,

shunji

slip through a noose, to; anuklinfa
slipknot, anuklinfa
slipknot, to make a; anukli'lj/i
slipped off; takofa

slippers; shulush shohqla, shulush tapuski
slippery; halqsbi, likanli
slippery, to make; halasbichi
slippery elm, balup
slipping through, anukliflfa
slips, one who; shnknlqUi, shalalli
slit; chtt la, chulata
slit, a; chulafa, chulata
slit, to; clttilq/li, chilli
slitter, chull

sliver; ill xhibafa, iti, shunafa, ill shiinali.
sliver, to; shimmi, wulobli
slobber, -itukholai/a
slobber, to; itukchuba, itukhnltuja

slobberer, itukchuba

slop, oka lanya

slope, okkqttahaka

slope, to; okkqttahakqchi

sloping, okshilama

slosh, oka lanya

sloshy, oka laua

sloth, intakobi

slothful, intakobi

slothfulness, intakobi

slough; lukchuk chito, sinti hakshup

slough, to; fakoli

sloven, hatak litiha okpulo

slow; achiba, ahchiba, qlhchiba, sqlaha,

weki

slow, to cause to be; achibachi
slowly, sqlahat
slowness, sqlaha
sluggard, hatak intakobi
sluice, oka ayanqlli
slumber, nusi
slumber, to; nusi
slumberer, nusi
slung, bohpoa

slur, to; kalakshichi, lusachi, okpqni
slush; lukchuk, labeta
slut; ofi tek, ohoyo litiha
sly; alalichi, imponna
slyly, luma
small; chimpoa, chipinta, chipintasi,

chipota, chipunta, chukushpa, iskqtani,

iskitini, iskitinisi, patqssa
small, to render; chipintqchi, imomqchi,

iskqtanichi, iskitinichi
small, very; chipinta, iskqtanusi, kitinui
smallest, irishakchi
smallest amount, in the; kqmomi
smallish; iskqtinosi, iskitinisi, iskitini

chohtni

smallness, iskitini
smallpox, chilakira
smallpox, to have the; chilakica qbi
smart (able), imponna
smart (bitter), homi
smart (painful), hotupa, shimoli
smart, made to; shimoli
smart, to; ilbqsha, imalcka, shimoli
smart, to make the flesh; shimolichi
smart in the throat, to; nukshikanli
smash, to; litoli
smear, to; apolu-sli
smear with grease, to; ahqmmi
smeared; q/hpolosa, litcha
smell; balama, nana hunwa

BTINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

561

smell, bad; kosoma

smell, to; achishi, hunwa, ibakchishinli,

ishwa

smell bad, to cause to; shuachi
smell disagreeably, to; shua
smell fishy, to; nakshobi
smell fishy, to cause to; naJcshobichi
smell of, to; aiishwa
smell of whisky, shua
smell strong, to; kosoma
smell the track, to; ahchishi
smilax, kantak
smile, yukpa
smile, to; yukpa
smile, to cause to; yukpachi
smite, to; akkakolichi, abi, abichi, boli,

fahamo, isso, noli, nukbepuli, pokafa,

pokaha, sokolichi, sokunha, tipelichi, um-

bitepa

smite at, there, or on; to: aiisso
smiter; mo, nan isso, pasalichi, pokafa
smith; tali isht atta, tali pilesa
smiting, sokunha
smitten, akkakoha
smoke, shoboli
smoke, current of; shoboli
smoke, to; hoponti, shoboli, shobolichi
smoke a pipe, to; shunka
smoke of powder, hituk shibota
smoke on, to; shobolichi
smoke tobacco, to; hakchuma shunka
smoke up quickly, to; shubbukli
smoked, shoboli
smoker; shobolichi, shunka
smoking, shoboli
smoky, shoboli
smooth; halalua, halasbi, halushki, iti-

laui, limimpa, limishko, malancha, ma-

lassa, patassa

smooth, to; halushkichi, itilauichi
smooth-bore gun, tanamp fabassa
smoothed; halushki, itilaui
smoothness, limimpa
smother, to; shobolichi, umpohomo
smut; liteha, lusa, yalhk'
smut, to; lusachi
smutty; lusa, likokoa
snack; impa iskitini, kashapa
snag, itakshish
snag, to; ufkanya
snail, hatak yoshubli
snake, sinti

snake, a species of; hala, sinti pohkul
84339°— Bull. 46—15 30

snake, black; sinti lusa

snake, chicken; abaksha

snake, coach whip; ipochi itimqpa, sinti

koyufa tohbi

snake, copperhead; chilakwa, chalakwa
snake, garter; pachalhpali, sinti basoa
snake, green; punshafoli
snake, joint; oksup taptua, sinti kobali,

sinti kolokumpi
snake, king; sinti pohkul
snake, large horned; sinti lapitta
snake, striped; pachalhpali, sinti basoa
snake, water; ngnapa
snake bite, sinti kopoli
snake skin, sinti hakshup
snakeroot, tiak shua
snap; basaha, basak, chalak, tasup
snap, to; basaha, basahkachi, basakachi,

basali, basisakachi, chalakachi, kobafa,

kobaffi, kopoli banna, litafa, litalichi,

litajfi, lukatola, tasupachi, tabli
snap, to cause to; basahachi
snap a whip, to; lukalichi, lukatolachi
snap of a rope, litak
snap the fingers, to; tasuha
snapper, lukata wishakchi
snapping; basahkachi, basali, basasunka-

chi

snapping, to cause a; basalichi
snapping of a whip, lukatola
snappish; kopoli banna, nukoa
snare, isht albi
snare, to; isht albi ishthokli
snarl; itashiha, shochoha
snarl, to; ashekonoachi, kileha, shihachi,

shikanoachi

snarl up together, to; shikanoachi
snarled; pokshia, shachila, shiha, shochoha
snarly, pokshia
snatch, to; haili, lachakat ishi
snath, onush isht basha api
sneak off, to; lumat kania
sneer, shittilema
sneer, to; ahoba, shittilema
sneeze, habishko

sneeze, to; habishko, habishko, pilu™ka
sneeze, to make; habishkuchi, pilunka-

chi

sneezing, pilunka
snicker, to; yukpa
sniff, to; lotunka
snip, to; tabli
snivel, to; ibilhkan kucha, yaiya

562

BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

sniveler, yaiya shali

snore, to; labanka

snorer, labanka

snoring, labanka

snort, to; lotunka, pilunka, shanwa

snorter; lotunka, shanwa

snorting; lotunka, shanwa

snout, ibishakni

snow, oktusha

snow, to; oktusha, oktushachi

snow, to cause to; oktushachi

snowbird; lajintini, toksakinla

snuff; hakchuma bota, hqbishkuchi

snuff, to; jiopa, hu^wa

snuffbox, hakchuma bota aiqUito

snuffers, pqla isht kicheli, pqla isht kalasha

snug, lil-faka

snug, to make; apota

so; achuhmi, aiohmi, chohmi, chumba,

moma, yakohmi, yqmmak in, yohmi
so, to do; aiyakohmi, aiyakohmichi,

aiyohtni, yakohmi, yohmi
so, to make it; aiohmichi, yqhmichi
so as, yamohmi
so it is, omikato
so it is well enough, omikato
so long as, ititakla
so much as, ak
so on, yamohmi
so that, na

soak, to; okishko, okkachi
soaked; okqchi, ulhkachi, icalasha
soaker; okishko shall, okkachi
soap; isht ahchifa, isht qlhchefa
soap, bar; isht ahchifa kallo
soap, castile; isht ahchifa balama
soap, hard; isht ahchifa kallo
soap, scented; isht ahchifa balama
soap, to; -isht ahchifa onla1i
soapstone, talhpa
soapsuds, isht ahchifa pokpoki
soar, to; hika, hikqt a^ya
sober; koxtitti, nuktanla, nuktala
sober, to; kostininchi, nuktalali
sober, to become; nuldala
sobered; kostini, nuktqla
sobriety; kostini, nuktanJa
society, iha

sock; ii/ithi ft xski kolofa, iyubi, It uski kololi
socket of the eye; nishkin nhika chiluk,

okshilonli

sodden; ttnni'.i, tahoclia
sodomy; ayofanichih, yopullachi

soft; anukyohbi, haiemo, kallo, lapushki,
lipeha, lipemo, lipisto, lipinka, lipinto,
lisisi.nkachi, lachopa, latimo, likanli,
lopushki, shukbah, walasha, walonchi,
waloha, walohbi, walwqki, yabosha,
yabushli, yattotunkqchi, yatushlci, ya-
tushkoa

soft and pliable, to become; yukahbi

soften, to; anukyohbi, anukyohbichi,
hokulbi, kostini, kostininchi, lapushki,
lapushkichi, lachopqchi, lopushkichi, nuk
tqla, okkachi, shuchapah, ulhkachi, wql-
wqkichi, yaboshqchi, yatushkichi, yatush-
kuli, yukahbi

soften with water, to; oka kaiyqchi

softened; anukyohbi, kallo, kostini,
lapushki, lopushki, yukabi

softened by water, oka kaiya ,

softly; lorna, luma, lumasi

softness; lapushki, nuktqla

soggy; Iqcha, ulhkachi

soil; lukfl, lusa, yakni

soil, to; lukchuk banuchi, lusachi

soiled; liteha, lusa

sojourn, to; anta

sojourner, anya

solace, hopola

solace, to; hopolqlli, nuktalali

solaced; hopola, nuktqla

solar, hqshi ahalaia

sold, qlhtoba

solder, isht akmo

solder, to; aiakmochi, aiqlbuchi, akmochi,
qlbochi, qlbokqchi

solder with brass, to; asonak lakna isht
akmichi

soldered; akmo, qlbo

soldered with brass, asonak lakna isht
akmi

soldier, tqshka chipota

soldier, Turkish; takish intqshka chipota

soldier, veteran; tqshka sepokni

soldiers' quarters; tqshka chipota in-
chuka

soldiery, tqshka chipota

sole, achqfa

sole, a; iyi

sole of the foot, iyi pqta

solemn, holifojxi

solemnize, to; holitoblichi

solemnize a marriage, to; itauayqchi

solemnly, holitopqt

solicit, to; asilhha

BYINOTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

563

solicitor, asilhha

solicitous, ahah ahni

solid; anli, kamqssa, kallo

solidity; kamqssa, kallo

solitary; ilap bieka, naksika, palata

solitary, to make; banochi

solitude, chukillissa

solve, to; haiakqchi

solvent, aheka

sombre, oklili

some; chqbiha, kanima, kanimi, kaniohmi,

kanohmi, kanomona, kqto
some manner, in; akanimi, katiohmi
some other, inla
some sort, of; kaniohmi
some time, kanima
some way, in; kaniohmi, katimichi,

katiohmi

some way, to do it in; katiohmichi
somebody; kanimi, kqna kia
somehow; akanimi, kaniohmi kia, kani-

ohmiho

somehow, to cause to be; kaniohmichi
somehow, to do; kanimichi, kaniohmi
somerset; hachowanqshi, hachowani
something; nafehna, nana, nana kia
sometime, aka

sometimes; kanimash inli, kaniohmikma
somewhat, chohmi

somewhere; kanima, kanima kia, kqni
somnambulist, tasimbo
somnolent; nusi bqnna, nusilhha
son; alia 7iakni, chiso, iso, iso nakni, sqso,

ushi

Son of God, Chihoira ushi
Son of Man; Ilatak Ushi, yqt
song; ataloa, atqlwa, atqlwqchi, qlhtaloa,

qlhtaloak, qlhtqhvak, ilhtalowak, taloa
song, death; hoyopa taloa
song, sacred; aba taloa
song, to make a; taloa ikbi
songster, taloa

son-in-law, haloka, ippok, iyup
sonorous, chitot ola
sonship, ushi ahalaia
soon; cheki, chekusi, pqlhki
soon, to cause it to be; chekichi
soon, very; chekusi
soot, tulak

soot, to; tulak isht lusachi
sooted, tulak isht luak
soothe, to; hopolqchi, nuktalali, nukta-

laUchi
soothed; hopola, nuktqla

soother; nuktalali, nuktalalichi

soothsayer; hatakfappo, tikbanli anoli

sooty; tulak chito, tulak laua

sop, Iqbbi

sop, to; Iqbbi

soporific; nusechi, nusilhhqchi

sorcerer, isht ahollo

sorcery, yushpakama

sorcery, to practice; yushpakqmmi

sordid; liteha, makali, okpulo

sore; hotupa, litoa, litcqli, luv:ali, lacho-

wa, palqmmi

sore, a; ho'tupa, liahpo, lachoica, talona
sore, a running; okchushba
sore, to become; itakha litowa, larhon:a
sore, to make; litoli, lacholi
sore eyes, hqlbqbi
sore mouth, itakha litowa
sore throat, chakwa
sore throat, to have; chakwqbi
soreness, lachowa
sorrel, hachukkashasa
sorrel (a weed), pichi
sorrel, a; isi nakni afqmmi tuchina
sorrow; nukhanklo, okko
sorrow, ca<use of; isht nukhanklo, nan

isht anukhanklo

sorrow, occasion of; anukhanklo
sorrow, man of; nan nukhanklo
sorrow, overmuch; nukhanklo atopa
sorrow, place of; anukhanklo
sorrow, to; nukhanklo
sorrowful, imanukfela, nukhanklo, nuk-

iviloha

sorry, nukhanklo
sort, kaniohmi
sort, to; aiyoa
sort with, to; ibafoka
sot; hatak okishko, imanukfila iksho,

okishko shall

sottish; imanuk/ila iksho, okishko
soul, shilombish
soulless, shilombish iksho
sound; achukma, anli, na kanimi keyu
sound, a; fopa, ola
sound, to; akkahoyo, kabakqchi, kqsachi,

kitikacM, kobakuchi, komakachi, komo-

kachi, komokqchi, ola, olachi, taloa,

tamampa, tasupachi, timikqchi
sound of a bell; chubuk, samak, samampa
sound of a sudden slide, shelak
sounded, ola
sounding; kobohqchi, ola
soundly, achukma

564

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

soundness; achukma, aiokpuloka iksho

sounds, one who; olachi

sour; hauashko, homechi, homi, kalama,

kaskaha
sour, to; hauashkochi, homechi, homi,

kaskaha, kaskahachi
sour water, oka hauashko
sour wood, ill kosoma
source; akshish, aminti, ataiyuli, ateli,

ibctap, ikbi
soured, hauashko

sourish; homechi, homi chohmi, homilhha
sourness; hauashko, kaskaha
souse, to; oklubbichi, oklobushlichi
soused, homi
south, oka mali

south, at or in the; oka mali pilla
southeast, oka mali hashi akuchaka

itintakla

southerly; oka mali imma, oka mali pila
southern, oka mali pila
southward; oka mali imma, oka mali pila
southwest, oka mali hashi aiokatula itin
takla

sovereign, inshali
sovereign, a; minko
sow, shukha tck

sow, to; fimibli, jimmi, hokchi, na hokchi
sowed; Jiina, Jimimpa, fimpkachi
sower; Jimibli, Jimmi, hokchi, via hokchi,

najimmi

sown; Jiina, jimimpa, holokchi
space; aboha itintakla, aboha ititakla
spade; lukji isht kala, nan isht kula, yakni

isht kula

spade, to; yakni kulli
Spain; Ishpani, fshpani yakni
spalt, pa la (a
span; ibbak umbitcpa achafa, ichapa,

ichapoa, tuklo

span of horses, isuba ilichapa
span, to; apcsa, holba
spangled spots, siksiki
Spaniard; Ishpani hatak, Ishpani okla
spaniel, oji
Spanish, Inhpani
Spanish moss, ilinhnino
spank, to; lasaha, laxalichi, pasaha,

pasalichi

spanking, lun<iha
spare; alainpti, chnnna, kofanto
spare, to; upon, i» hollo, ilatoba, ila-

tomba, nukhanklo

spare rib, naksifoni

spark; basaboa, basacha, chalhchaki, hatak

ilakshema shall, kitinisi, pololi, tohpo-

loli, tushanfasi
spark, to; pololi
sparkle, to; chalhchakachi, chalhchaki,

pololi, polota
sparkle, to make; chalhchakacheiM,

chilichi, pololichi
sparkling, chalhchaki
sparks, to make; basahachi
sparrow; chi^sa, chu^sa, hushi chipunta
sparse, fimimpa
spasm; haiuchichi, haiyichichi, yalatha,

yalattakachi
spatter, to; fimmi
spatterdashes, iyubiha
spattered, fimimpa
spawn; ashcla, nan ushi, olana atoba,

shukattushi
spawn, to; chcli
spay, to; shukha tck hobak ikbi
spayed, shukha tek hobak toba
speak, to; achi, anoli, anopoli, anumpuli,

nanuka

speak again, to; atuklant achi
speak for, to; apobachi
speakable, anumpa hinla
speaker; anumpa isht hika, anumpuli,

hatak anumponli
spear; api, isht baha, na halupa, tali

halupa ontala tabi
spear, to; na halupa isht bali
specie, tali holisso
specify, to; anoli, hochifo
specimen, isht alhpisa
specious, achiiknta ahoba
speck, shauiya
speck, to; lusachi
speckle, to; siksikichi, taktakichi
speckled; chikchiki, okshohonli, siksiki,

laktaki

speckled, to make; chikchikcchi
spectacle, nam pisa
spectacled, nishkin alata ansha
spectacles; alata, nishkin alata
spectator; hatak yopisa, na yopisa, nam

j>ix(t, yopisa

spectre; shilombish, shilup
speculate, to; unukjilli, itatoba
speculation; imanukfila, itatoba
speculator; anukjilli, nam pisa, nan

ittatoba

feYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

565

speculum, apisa

speech; anumpa, anumpa isht hika,

anumpa kololi, anumpa tiloli
speech, a short; anumpa ikaiako,

anumpa kolunfa, anumpa tilofa
speech, the last; hekano
speech, to make a; anump ikbi, anumpa

isht hika

speechless; anump iksho, anumpuli keyu
speechmaker; anump ikbi, anumpuli
speed, tushpa

speed, to; tunshpa, tunshpalcchi
speedy; cheki, tushpa
spell; chunkqsh ishi, hopaki
spell, to; holisso hochifot itimanumpuli,

holisso itimanumpuli
spencer: ilefoka kolofa, ilcfoka kololi,

nafoka kolukshi shakba ansha
spend, to; isht yopomo, kanchi, kqnia, tali,

tikabichi, yukoma
spend the day, to; shohbichi
spendthrift, isht yupomo
spew, to; hoeta
sphere; apelichika, nan chqnaha, nan

lumbo

spherical, lumbo
spicery, na balama
spices, na balama
spider, chulhkan
spider, long-legged; tupashali
spider's nest, chulhkan inchuka
spider's web; chuklampulli, chulhkan

inchuka, hachuklampuli
spigot; abichcli isht akamqssa, oka abicha

isht alhkama

spike; chufak, chufak chito
spike, to; akqmmi, chufak chito isht

ahonqlichi

spiked, chufak chito isht ahonqla
spile; abicheli isht akamassa, oka abicha

isht alhkama
spill, to; akkafohobli, akkalali, akkala-

tapa, akkalatqbli, akkalaya, fohobli,

kaloha, latapa, latabli
spilled; fohopa, latapa
spiller, latabli
spilt; akkafohopa, akkalatapa, akkalaya,

latapa, lanya
spilt water, oka la"ya
spin, to; hachuklampulechi, shanni
spin on, to; ashanni
spin on, to cause to; ashannichi
spin out, to; falaiachi

spinal marrow, nalifoni lupi

spindle; ashqnatqlifabqssa, haksobish anli

spine, nalifoni

spine of a hog; shachakba

spinner; ashannichi, hachuklampulcchi,

na shanni, shanni
spinning wheel; ahonola, ashqna, ponol

ashqna

spinning wheel, small; ahonolushi
spiral, apakfopa
spire; ashqna, qpi, hishi
spire, to; ojfo
spirit; chunkqsh, imanukjila
spirit (liquor), oka homi
spirit, a; na shilombish, nan isht ahollo,

shilombish, shilup
spirit, an evil; shilombish okpulo
spirit, an unclean; shilombish okpulo
Spirit, Holy; Shilombish holitopa
spirit, to; yimintqchi
spirit of heaven, aba shilombish
spirited; chilita, yiminta
spiritless, yiminta kcyu
spirits, ardent; na homi, oka, oka homi
spirits, the; chunkqsh
spiritual; imanukfda ahalaia, shilombish

ahalaia

spirituous, oka homi ahalaia
spit, itukchi
spit, to; tufa, tuftua
spite; hichqli, nukkilli, nukoa
spite, to; nukkilli, nukoa
spiteful; hichqli, nukkilli, nukoa
spitter, tufa

spitting, to keep; tuftua
spittle; itukchi, woshoki
splash; chibak, lali
splash, to; chibakachi, lali
splash on, to; fimmi
spashed on, lali
spleen; ilapa, nukoa, takqshi
spleeny; nukhanklo, nukoa
splendid; chito, holitopa
splendor; chito, holitopa, shohmalali
splice, to; achakqli, achakli
splice at or with, to; aiitachakqlli,

aiitachakli

spliced; achaka, qlhchqka, qlhchqkoa
spliced at; achqkaya, aiitachaka
splint, iti shimafa
splinter; chulafa, iti shibafa, iti shibali,

iti shimafa, iti shimali, shibafa, shibali,

shimafa

566

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

splinter, to; chulali, chulqjffi, shibafa,
shibali, shibalichi, shibaffi, shimafa,
shim a lichi, shimnuffi

splintered; shibafa, shibali

splinters, one who; shibqjfi

split; abakli, bakali, chilakto, chula,
chulafa, chulata, palali, palata, pala,
ski ma, shimafa, shimali, wula, wulopa

split, a; abakli, itqmintqfa, patafa

split, to; abakli, abaklichi, bakali, baka-
licJti, bakapa, bakli, chilaktochi, chula,
chulafa, iti bakli, palali, palalichi, palata,
palqUi, patali, pqla, pali, shibafa,
shibali, shima, shimafa, shimali, shimmi,
wolobli, irula, wuli, wulobli, wulopa

split, to cause to; palalichi

split boards, iti palanta

split in two, bakastoa

split in two, to; bakastoa, bakastuli,
bakabli

split into fine pieces, to; shimalichi

split into shingles, to; shimmi

split off; bakafa, tushafa, tushali

split off, to; bakufa, chulafa, chulajfi,
chulalli, shibbi, shimqjfi, shimnuffi,,
tushafa, tushali -.,%

split open; patafa, patali

split open, to; patafa, patalichi, patqffi .

split wood; iti palanta, iti pala, iti shima

splitter; abaklichi, bakalichi, bakabli,
chulajfi, chulalli, chuli, palalichi, palqlli,
patalichi, patqj/i, pali, shibqjfi, shimalichi

splitting, palanta

spoil; na yuka, ivehpoa

spoil, to; okpqni, okpulo, wehpuli

spoiled; okpulo, toshbi

spoiler, okpani

spoils, vrhpoa

spoilt, okpulo

spoke, a; achushoa

spoken, anumpa

sponge, tafihukpa holba

sponge, to; akania, haksichi

spongy, yabushli

spontaneous, ilap ahni yamohmi

spool; iti kalaha, uski tapa

spool, to; 11 ski tapu afoli

spoon; isht abahchakli, isht impa

spoon, horn; alh/>i, I apish isht impa

spoon, pewter; alhpi

spoon, shell; fnlush isht impa

spoon, small; ixht inipushi

spoon, tea; ixht im]>ushi

spoon, wooden; alhpi

spoonful, isht impa alota

sport; ilauglli, washoha

sport, to; ilaualli, washoha, yukpali

sportsman, na hunssa

spot; bakokoa, bakokunkachi, basoa, chik-

chiki, misisunkachi, talaia, taloha, tali

lusa, tiktiki
spot, black; lusa talaia, lusa taloha,

talaia

spot, red; talaia

spot, to; lusachi, taktakichi, tiktikechi
spotted; bakoa, bakokona, bakokunkachi,

bakokunkachi, chikchiki, chukchuki, misi-

sunkachi, siksiki, taktaki, tiktiki
spotted, to make; bakoachi, chikchikechi
spouse; itauaya, itinchuka
spout; abicha, isht bicheli, oka abicha,

oka isht bicheli
spout, to; bicha, punfa
spout er, pun/a
sprain, to; taloffi naha
sprained, talofa naha
sprawl, to; ivakchalalit itonla
spread; ashatapa, ashatapoa, lapa, pata,

patkqchi

spread, a; apatqlhpo, patqlhpo
spread, the wings; ashatapa
spread, to; apatalechi, ashatapoli, asha-

tqbli, auata, auataya, auatqchi, fimibli,

lapa, lapuchi, patali, pqlli, pata, pulli,

shukto, talali, wahhaloha
spread down, to; akkalipeli
spread evenly, to; patasqlli
spread on, umpqta
spread on, to; umpatali
spread out, to; patali, wakama, waka-

moli, wqttqchi, wilali
spread paper, holisso pata
spread the nose, to; ibakshulanli
spread with iron or stone; tali isht

patqlhpo

spreader; fimibli, patali
spreading; fimibli, lapa
sprig, full
sprightly, tushpa

spring; ah pi, aiisht ia, aminti, tojfahpi
spring, a; apoloma, kali, tolupli
spring, deep; kali hofobi
spring, dug; kali kill a
spring, to; bichokqchi, bichota, bichota-

kqchi, bichulli, fichatna, fichamoli, chqji-

chi, tolu])li, tulli
spring, wooden; iti poloma
spring and fly, to; Jichamoa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

567

spring and throw, to; fichammi
spring open, to; fichama, fichqmmi
spring up, to; alikti, offo, okpichcli,

okpichdichi

spring water, kali oka
springe, isht glbi
springing, ojfo
springs, to have; polomoa
sprinkle, to; fimmi, fimmichi, fimpkqchi,

foechi, lali, fall, lalinchi, okshikali,

okshikanshli, okshimmichi
sprinkled; fima, Jimimpa, fimpkachi
sprite; shilombish, shilup
sprout; abasali, aiunchululli, apatgli,

apushi, bisali, bisanli, iti pushi, iti

unchuloli, offo, uncholulli
sprout, to; abasali, bisali, bisanlichi,

o/o
sprout, to cause to; abasalichi, uncholo-

lichi

sprout at the root, to; unchololi
sprouted, bisali
sprung; bichokgchi, bichota
sprung open; fichama, fichamoa
spry; pglhki, tushpa
spume, pokpoki
spume, to; pokpokechi
spun, shana

spunk; chilita, nukoa, tashukpa
spur; chufak iyglhfoa, inchahe
spur, to; ball, bili
spurious, anli

spurn, to; habli, kali, shittilema
spurt, to; punfqchi, ivishikachi, wishilli,

ivishillichi

spurt, to cause to; wishillichi
spurting out, to make a noise in;

wishikachi
spurway; isuba aiomanili itanowa, isuba

inhina
sputter, to; fimiblichi, tishihachi, tunsh-

pat anumpuli
spy; apistikeli, ibatankla, na hopunkoyo,

pist anya

spy, to; na pisat anya, yakni pisqt anya
spy glass, apisa isht hoponkoyo
squab; nia, pachushi
squabble, itishi
squabble, to; itishi
squalid, liteha
squall; mail, yaiya
squall, to; yaiya
squally, mali shall
squander, to; isht yo porno, yukoma

square; bolboki, bolkachi, bolukta, chanaha

folota achafa, isht qlhpisa
square, to; apcsa
square, to make a; boluktqchi
square off, to; kololi
square \vith, to; itilaui
squared, bolukta
squares, to make; bolbokechi, bolL-adtc-

chi

squash; isito, isito holba
squash, to; litoli
squat, to; bikuttokarhi
squeak, kqchakqchi
squeak, to; ka^shkachi, knrhaknchl
squeak, to cause to; kachakachechi
squeaking, kanshkachi
squeal, to; chinka, yaiya
squealer, chinka
squeamish, yuala shali
squeeze, to; ateblichi, atelichi, bichubli,

bocholi, bochubli, katanlichi, pichiffi,

tiloli

squeeze out, to; bushli
squeeze up, to; bochunoli
squeezed; atelichi, bichupa, bochokqchi,

bochopa, bochunoa, busha, kataya, tilefa,

tilifi, tiloa

squint, to; tohkilet pisa
squint-eyed, nishkin shanaiya
squirm, to; tononoli
squirrel, fani

squirrel, a large yellow; fala^kna
squirrel, a young; fani ushi
squirrel, black; fani lusa
squirrel, flying; pqli
squirrel, fox; fqnakla
squirrel, gray; fani okchako , fqnitqsho
squirrel, ground; chinisa
squirrel shot, nakunshi
squirt, to; punfqchechi
stab; baha, bali

stab, to; bahqffi, bali, lifelichi, liftnha
stab, to make; balichi
stabbed; baha, bahafa
stabber; bahqffi, bali, lifelichi, liji^ha
stable; anli, isuba inchuka, kamqssa,

kgllo

stable, to; isuba inchuka fohki
stable-minded, imanukfila apissanli
stack, itgnaha
stack, to; itgnnali
stacked, itanaha
staddle; apushi, itapushi
staff; a pi, isht tabcli, tabi

568

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

staff, king's; minko intqbi

stag; isi lahpitta, isinaknihumma, lapish

kobafa, lapitta
Stage; aiilauqlli, iti chanaha pqlhki, iti

patqlhpo
stagger, to; chukfoloha, chukfulli, faio-

kqchi, faiunkli, nukwia, nukwiachi
staggers, the; chukfoloha
stagnant; talaia, yanqlli
stagnate, to; talaia, yanqllit issa
stain, liteha
stain, to; liteli
stained, liteha
stair, atuya

stake; apushi hika, iti hika, kali
stake, to; boll, kali
stake a fence, to; holihta itafenali
stake out, to; aiimpafoki
staked; a/ana, holihta itafena, kaha
staked fence, holihta itafena
stale; ahoba, kqllo
stalk, api
stalk, to}- fehnqchi, fihopa, ilefehnqchit

nowa, nowa

stall; aiilhpeta, isuba aiimpa
stall, to; aiimpafoki, isuba aiimpafoki,

lukchuk okakqnia
stallion, isuba nakni
stammer, to; anuktuklo, anumpuli

anuktuklo

stamp, isht inchunwa
stamp, to; habli, hqli, inchunli
stamped, inchunwa
stanch, to; hokofa, hoko/i, issa, issqchi
stanched; hokofa, issa
stand, a; ahika, aianwnpuli, aiimpa

iskitini, hika, hikia
stand, to; akkahika, atelifa, hieli, hikia,

hioht ansha, hioli, isso, lopulli, takali,

talaia, taloha, tola
stand, to be able to; hikia toba
stand around, to; hikiki™a, hiohma^ya,

hioht manya, talohma^ya, talot may a
stand at, to; ahika
stand erect, to; akashchukali
stand in, to; achunsha, achushoa, ahika,

alacha, alqchai/a, qJhto, shamqlli, shamoli
stand near each other, to; itakonofa
stand on, to; hika, ontalaia
stand on end, to; achushhi^chi
stand out, to; kucha, okbileli
stand over, to; wakaya
stand still, to; talaia
stand there, to; ahika

stand thick, to; shabapa

stand tiptoe, to; shikekli, shikeli

stand up, to; haioli, lochussa, yuhchashali

stand up for, to; apepoa

standard, alhpisa, shapha

standers, haioli

standing; hikia, hinli

standing in, talaia

standing on, ataloha

standing over against, ichapaka

standing round, hiohmanya

staple, alhpesa

staple, a; aiafacha, tali chinakbi

star, fichik

star, blazing; fichik luak, fichik pololi

star, large; fichik chito

star in the forehead; ibaktasanli,
ibaktasanshli

starch, to; chilakbichi

starched, chilakbi

stare, pisa

stare, to; pisa

stare at, to; okchilanli, okchila^shli,
okchilunli

stark; bano, beka

starlight, fichik tohwikeli

starry; fichik ansha, fichik laua

stars, the ell; fichik isi nala silhhi

stars, the yard; fichik baieta, fichik isi
nala silhhi

start; aiisht ia, fullottokachi, wakaya,
yikottakachi

start, to; anuklakancha, hehka. hiket ia,
ia, ilhkolichi, minti, nuklakanchichi,
nukshichaiakachi, nukshoblichi, ivakaya,
wakayachi, yilishachi, yiliya, yullichi

start, to cause to; wakayachi

start back, to; falamakachi,falamakachi,
falamat minti

start from, to; aiali, aiisht ia, qttat ia

start of a horn, lapish jilqmminchi

start off ! , hotepa

start off, to; ilhkoli, mia, mintichi,
wakaya

start on ! , tepa

start quick, to; nuklibekqchi

start with, to; ia

starter; hehka, nukwia, wakaya

startle, to; hehka, hehkqchi, nuklakan
chichi, nuklakqshli, nukshoblichi

startled, nukshopa

starvation, hopoa

starve, to; hochqffo, hochqjfochi, hochqffo-
chit qbi, hochqffot illi, hopoa

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

569

starved, hochaffo

starved to death, hochaffot illi

state; aiahanta, yakni

state, a; aiulhti, ulhti, ulhti achafa

state, to; anoli, atokoli

state of, atuk

state prison, hatak yuka atoksali

stated, anoa

statehouse; aboha hanta, anu^ka hanta,

chuka hanta
stately, chaha
statement, anumpa
statesman, hatak nan ithana
station; ahika, ahikia
station, to; hilechi
stationary; kanallahe keyu, kobafahe

stationer, holisso kanchi

statue; hatak holba, na holba

stature, chaha

statute, anumpa alhpisa

stave, iti shima

stave, to; koli

stay; anta, halanli, tikeli

stay, to; anta, anukcheto, ashwa, atta,

halalli, issachi
stay at, to; aianta
stay there, to; aiashwa
stay with, to; ahinna, anta, ibaianta
stayed; nuktala, yokopa
stays, tikeli
stead, alhtoba

stead of another, to be in the; alhtoba
steadfast; kamassa, kallo
steadiness; kamassa, kallo
steady, kallo
steady, to; halalli, inshi
steak, nipi okchanki tushali
steal, to; hunkupa

steal the affections, to; chu^kash ishi
stealer, hunkupa
stealth, hunkupa
steam; kifeta, kifilli, kofkokachi, kofota,

kofulli, shoboli, shobota
steam, to; hobechi, kifeta, kifetachi,

kifilli, kofkokachi, kofkoli, kofota, kofulli,

kofullichi

steam, to cause to; kifillichi
steamboat; peni luak, peni luak shall
steamed; kifeta, kofota
steamed potato, ahe holbi
steamer, peni luak
steaming, hobechi

steed, isuba

steel; tali kallo, tali kallo atoba

steel, to; tali kallo achukalli

steel spring, tali poloma

steel spring, small; tali poloma ushi

steel used in striking fire, tali luak

steeled, tali kallo qchaka

steelyards; isht wekichi, nan isht weki,

nan isht wekichi
steep, chaha
steep, to; okkachi
steeped, ulhkachi
steeper, aiulhkachi
steepness, chaha
steer, wak hobak

steer, working; wak hobak to^ksali
steering oar, penafana
stem; atakali, atakoli, isht takali, isht

takoli

stem, to; asanni, asonali
stem of a boat; peni hasimbish, peni

ibish

stemmed, katapa

stench; kosoma, kotoma, na shua, shua
stench, to cause; kotomachi
stentorian, chitoli
step; ahabli, habli, toba
step, to; habli, hali
step aside, to; kanali
stepbrother, itibapishi toba
stepchild, ushi toba
stepdame, ishki toba
stepdaughter, ushetik toba
stepfather, inki toba
stepmother; ishki toba, toba
stepping place, ahabli
stepping-stone, atuya
steps; atuya, hali
stepsister, intek toba
stepson; saso toba, ushi toba
sterile, waya
sterUng; achukma, aianli
sterilize, to; ilbashachi, wayachi
stern; palammi, kallo
stern of a boat, ibish
sternum, ikkishifoni
stew, honni
stew, to; honi

steward, chukachafa nan isht atta
stewed, honni
stewed dry, ashippa
stick; iti tapa, iti taptua
stick, to; abili, albo, albochi, bahajfi, ball,

hilechi, takali

570

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

stick in, to; okfanya, shamallichi, shamoli,

shamolichi

stick on, to; aiqlbo
stick to, to; alapali
stickle, to; apela
stickler; itqchoa, itishi
sticky; aialbo, shinqsbi, shinqshbi
stiff; chilakbi, kamqssa, kqllo, talakchi
stiff leg, •/'/// kqllo
stiff-necked, ilapunla
stiffen, to; ak/no, chilakbi, chilakbichi,

ilapunla, ka-mqssa, kamqssqlli, kqllo,

kqllochi

stiffened; chilakbi, kamqssa
stiffening, isht kqllochi
stiffly; kamqssa, kqllo
stiffness; chilakbi, ilapunla, kamqssa,

kqllo
stifle, to; issqrhi, luhmi, mosholichi,

nukbikili, oktqbli
stifled, mosholi
stigma, 'inchuntra
stigmatize, to; hofayali, inchunli
stiletto, bqshpo isht itibi
still; chilosa, chulosa, moma, sqmanta
still, to; chulosqchi, issqchi, nuktalali,

oka homi ikbi

still, to become; chulosa
still and without wind, alohbi
still water, oktimpi
stillborn, illicha qtta
stilled; chulosa, nuktqla
stillness; nuktqla, yohbi
stilly, himnsi

stimulant; ikh-frsh okchalcrhi, okchalechi
stimulate, to; okchalechi, yimintqchi
stimulated; okcha, yimmita
stimulus, nan isht okchalechi
sting; innaki, isht nqli, isht pila, naki,

nqli

sting, to; honqli, nqli
stinginess, v»//o//o
stinging, strong; shikanK
stinging worm, halak ftolhjxi
stingy; inholitopa, inhollo, nan i»holi-

lo/xt, nan inhollo

stink, to; bitc/na, nal'xJiohi, ah ltd
stinking, kotoma
stint; qlhpisa, iniu/qlecJd
stint, to; olqbbi.
stipend, a/hfoha
stipulated, qlfiju-xu
stipulation, alfijtixa
Stir; dtunh

stir, to; afulli, anya, ia, ilhkolechi, ilhkoli,

ilhkolichi, okchalechi, tasqlli, tiqbli,

tiwakqchi, tualichi

stir, to make or cause to; afullichi
stir up, to; tiwalichi
stirred; q/ula, qlhfula, tiapa, tuakqchi
stirrer; anya, iachi, ilhkolichi, tani,

tohnochi

stirrup; ahabli, tqlahabli
stirrup leather, tqlahabli isht talakchi
stirrup strap, tqlahabli isht talakchi
stitch, aiqlhchunica
stitch, to; achunli, yikili, yikilichi
stitch, to cause to; yikilichi
stitched; qlhchu^wa, yikila
stitcher, yikili
stitching, achunli
stock; qlhpoa, nan qlhpoa
stock, a; qpi, inuchi, isht alia, isht atiaka,

nan ithana, tonnik
stock, to; boli, hopi, nan qlhpoba imatali,

opi

stock in bank, tali holisso
stock lock, isht ashana
stockade, holihta kqllo
stocked; holopi, ollupi
stocking, iyubi huski
stocky, chito
stole; akkapushli, anchi
stolen; hu^kupa, hulhkupa
stomach; bakna, chunkqsh, nukoa
stomach, the large; takoba
stomach, to; nukoa
stone, tali

stone (of fruit), foni
stone, large; tali chito, tali hochito
stone, mill; tali tanch afotoha
stone, to; tali isht boli, tali isht lot qbi,

tali isht holihtqchi
stone, to become; tali toba
stone blind, nishkin Iqpqt kania
stone bruise, chukfi nishkin
stone horse, is aba nakni
stone pot, tali shuti
stone ridge, tali bqcha
stone wall, tali holihta
stonecutter; tali bashli, tali chanli
stoned, tali isJtt boa
stony; kilhk-iki, tqh'foka, tali laua
stony region, tali f oka
stool; aiomanili, iti ii'ani/a, ulbql out ia
stool, to have a; ulbql out ia
stoop; (iboha hoshontika, waiya
stoop, to; akka ia, iraiyqchi

BYIXOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

571

stooped, tubbona

stooping, tobbona

stop, issa

stop, to; atabli, atapqchi, auola, hikia,

issa, issqchi, kamali, katqbli, oktabli,

oktqptuli, olqbbi, takqbli, yokopa
stop sucking, to; pishi issa
stop the mouth, to; itqkha akkqmi
stop up, to; akamqli, akamolcchi, akamoli,

akqmmi, asheli, kqmmi, Iqblichi
stop water, to; oktabli
stoppage; anukbikeli, atapa, atapoa
stoppage in the throat, to cause;

anukbikelichi
stopped; akama, akkama, kqma, oktqpa,

yokopa

stopped up; alhkama, qlhkomoa, Iqbli
stopper; akqmmi, issqchi, isht oktqpa,

oktabli
stopple; isht akama, isht alhkama, isht

okshilita, oka abicha isht alhkama
store; aiitatoba, alhpoyak aiasha
store, to; ashachi, boli, imatali
stored, imqlhtaha
storehouse; aiitatoba chuka, alhpoyak

aiasha, nana aiitatoba
storekeeper; nan chumpa, nan ittatoba
storeroom, alhpoyak aiasha
stories, to make; anumpa chukushpa

ikbi

storm; itibbi, mail chito
storm, to; apeli, mali chito, nukoa, yilepa
stormy, mali chito laua
story; anumpa nan anoli, holisso nan

anoli

story, an idle; shukha anumpa
story, to; anoli
story book, holisso nan anoli
story in a building, chuka itontqla
story-teller; anoli, anumpa ikbi
stout; chito, kqllo, kilimpi, lampko
stout, to render; naknichi
stove, cooking; tali aholhponi
stow, to; boli
straddle, to;- wakcha, u'akchala, wakcha-

lali, v:akchqt nowa
straddle, to make; wakchalalichi, wak-

chalqchi, wakchalashlichi
straddle, to stand; wakchqt hikia
straddle and walk, to; wakchqt nowa
straddle on, to; wakcha
straddled, icakchalashli
straddled over, wakcha
straggle, to; folota

straggle away, to; Jitnimpa

straggler; hatak lean-id, yoxhoba

straight; anli, apissa, apissali, apissanli,
ashalinka, qlhpesa, chekusi

straight, to make; apissqllechi

straight and tapering, ibakvhfikanli

straighten, to; apissqllechi, ujiissqUi,
katanlichi, kqlloch i

straightened, apissa,

straightlaced, kqllo

straightway; ashalinka, chekusi, mih

strain; talofa naha, yichina

strain, to; hoiya, hoiyqchi, holuyqchi,
linja, yichina, yichinachi

strained; hoiya, holuya, shepa, talo/a
naha

strainer, ahoiya

straining, hoiyqchi

strait; aiatikonofa, ilbqsha

strait-laced; chunuko talakchi, kamqssa

straiten, to; ilbqshachi, pqthqchi

straitly, kqllo

strand; chula, chulata, oka ont alaka

strand, red; na humma

strand, the; okhqta ont alaka

strand, to; ontalali, ontqla

stranded, ontqla

strange; inla, ma

strange thing, nan inla

strangely, inlat

strangeness; inla, kapqssa

stranger; hatak inla, oklush inla

strangle, to; akamolechi, akomolechi,
anuklamqlli, anuklamqllichi, nuklamoli,
nuklamolichi, nuklamolli, nuklamollichi,
nukshikanlichi, nuktakali, nuktakalichi,
shikanlichi

strangle, to cause to; nuklamolichi

strangled; anuklamqlli, nuklamoli, nuk
lamolli, nuksakki, nukshikanli, nukshi-
kanshli, nuktakali

s tr angl e r , anuk lama I licli i

strangulation, an iikfamqlh'ch i

strap; aseta, inuchi, isht ahabli, isht
halupqlli

strap, to; aseta ishtfqmmi

strapped, shuahchi

stratagem, haksichi

straw, onush qpi

straw, a; qpi

straw cutter, onush qpi isht bqsha

strawberry, bhinko

strawberry vine, biunko qpi

stray, kqnia

572

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 48

stray, to; folota, hopaMchi, kqnia, tqmoa,
yoshoba

strayed, kqnia

streak; basoa, lanfa

streak, to; basoachi, lanfi, maleli

streaked; basoa, lanfa, .yafimpa

stream; bok, okhina, yanalli

stream, to; yanalli

streamer, shqpha

street; aiitanowa, hina, hina pqtha

strength; imanukfila chito, isht alampko,
kamassa, kallo, kilimpi, lampko, na kallo

strengthen, to; anlichi, apela, kamas
salli, kallochi, kqllot ia, kilimpichi,
lampkuchi, yimintqchi

strengthened; akamqssa, kamassa, kallo,
lampko

strengthener; kamassalli, kallochi,
lampkuchi

strenuous; chilita, yiminta

stress; kallo, nanafehna

stretch, to; chisbi, chisbichi, chisemo,
chisemoa, chisemochi, chisemoli, chitoli,
mabli, mampoa, mampoli, shebli, shepa,
shepkachi, shepoa, shepolichi, shepoli,
tikelichi, yichina, yohapa

stretch, to cause to; shepolichi

stretch forth, to; weli

stretch in length, to; mampa

stretch out, to; mampli, weli

stretched; ashatapa, ashatapoa, auataya,
chisbi, chisemo, chisemoa, lapa, lohama,
mampa, mampoa, shepa, shepkachi,
shepoa, tikeli, yohapa

stretcher; mampli, shebli

strew, to; Jimibli, patali

strewed; fima, patqlhpo

strewn, fimimpa

stricken in years, sipokni

strict; a^fe', alhpicsa, katanli, kallo,
palammi

strictly, anli

strictness; katanli, kallo, palammi

stride, to; chali, hopakichU habli

strife; itachoa, itishi

strike, to; abolichi, aiisso, anya, bakaha,
boli, chanli, fahama, isso, kasali, kab-
alichi, lasaha, lasalichi, litelichi, litinha,
mgssalichi, mitihachi, nukbepli, olachi,
pasalichi, pokaffi, sakaha, sakalichi, sok-
unfia, tammaha, tammalichi, tipclichi,
tipinha, irashalahinchi, icashqlwanya

strike, to cause to; issochi

strike against, to; qboa, bikelichi

strike and knock off, to; mokafa
strike at or on, to; afahama
strike with lightning, to; hiloha obi
striker; boli, isso, lasaha, litinha, na boli,

nan isso, sakalichi, tipinha
striking, sakaha
string; aholhtqpi, aseta, holhtampi, isht

talakchi, libata, nan isht talakchi
string, to; chakoli, hotampi, hotqpi
stringiness; likaha, lika^sha
stringy; akshish laua, likaha, likansha
strip, a; falaia
strip, to; ilbqshachi, luffi, liffi
strip, to cause to; fakoplichi, liffichi
strip naked, to; nipi banuchi
strip off, to; alfaffi,, alinkqchechi, fakoli,

fakopli, leli, lili, lonjfi, loli, nacholi,

nacholichi, nipalichi, shunfi
stripe; basoa, basoli, fahama, ilbtisha,

lukalichi, minsa, misisunkqchi
stripe, to; basoachi, basoli, oklauinlichi,

simoachi
striped; basasunkqchi, basoa, chinisa,

misisunkqchi, oklauinli, simoa, yafimpa
striped work, to make; basolichi
stripes, small; basosunkqchi, simoa
stripling, alia himmita
stripped; ashabi, fakoiva, ilbqsha, lufa,

livfa, Ion/a, loha, shun/a, wehpoa
stripped of limbs, nipafa
stripped off; alifa, alinkqchi, liha, loha,

nipali

stripped off, to cause to be; fakolichi
stripper; fakolichi, fakopli, liffi
stripping; fakoli, fakopa
strive, to; achowa, achunanchi, apak-

shqna, bqnna, ichapa, itishi, pakna, pisa
striver; itimpakna, itishi
stroke, isso

stroke, a single; mitelichi
stroke, to; hqmmi, pasholi
stroked; hqma, pashoha
stroker, hqmmi
stroll, to; folota
stroller, folota
strong; akqllo, homi, kalama, kamassa,

kamassalli, kallo, kilimpi, lampko,

palammi, nan inlaua
strong, not; hoyapa
strong, to make; akqllochi, nukhomechi
strong enough, kallo qlhpesa
strong man, hatak kamassa
stronger, kallo inshali
strongest, kallo i^shaht tali

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

573

stronghold, holihta kqllo

strongly, kqllot

strop, razor; nutakhisht shanfa ahala-

puchi

strop, to; sholichi
stroud, nana
stroud, black; nan lusa
stroud, blue; nan okchako
stroud, red; na humma chulata, nan

stroud, white; nan tohbi

structure, chuka

struggle; itishi, yichina,

struggle, to; ilafoa, komunta, nukhqmmi,

yichina, yiliya
struma, chilanli
strumpet; hatak lusa haui, haui, ohoyo

haui

strung; holhtqpi, honala
strung up and dried, chakowa
strut, to; fehnq-chi, ilefehnqchit nowa,

tema

stub, iti kolofa
stub, to; ibetqbli, itakshish kulli, wak-

shish

stubbed, kitikshi

stubble; onush abqsha, onush aiqlmo
stubble field, onush aiqlmo
stubborn; haksi, ilapunla, kqllo
stuck in; shamqlli, shamoli
stud, iti atikoa

student; holisso ithqna, holisso pisa, pisa
studhorse, isuba nakni
studious; achunanchit pisa, pisa shall
study; anukfilli, apinsa, holisso apisa
study, to; anukjllli, holisso pisa, pisa
study together, to; holisso itibapisa
stuff; alhpoyak, nan tqnna, nana
stuff, to; obeli, alotoli
stuffed; alota, qlbiha
stuffing, isht qlbiha
stultify, to; tasembochi
stumble, ibetqbli
stumble, to; anaktibaffl, anaktibqlli, ash-

qchi, ibetqbli, yoshoba, yoshobbi
stumble, to make; ibetqblichi
stumbler; ashqchi, ibetqbli
stump; ahokofa, akolofa, iti kolofa, tilofa
stump, to; ibetqbli, panji
stun, to; haksichi, haksubachi, nukbepli,

nukbepuli, tqlissqchi
stun, to cause to; nukbeplichi
stung, nala
stunned; haksi, nukbepa, nukbepoa

stunt, to; liposhichi

stunted, liposhi

stupefy, to; kotachi

stupendous; hocheto, nafchna

stupid, imanukfila iksho

stupor; imanukfila iksho, kostinit kqnia,

nusilhha
sturdy, kqllo
stutter, to; anumpuli anuktuklo, isun-

Iqsh illi

stutterer, isunlqsh illi
sty (for swine), shukha inhollihta
sty (on the eyelid), hashi Iqbi, hoshila,

isht aniwilqli, okshauina, oshawilah,

shawila

sty, to have a; hoshilabi
style (designation), hochifo
style (manner), aiimalhpesa, aiyqmohmi,

anumpa •

style (to cross a fence), atuya
style, to; hochifo
styled, hochifo
suavity; yohbi, yukpa
subacid, hauqshko chohmi
subdivide, to; chuli
subdue, to; imaiyqchi, ishalichi, kostinin-

chi

subdue the heart, to; chu^kash yohbichi
subdued; imaiya, kostini, nuktqla
subdued heart, chunkqsh yohbi
subduer; imaiyqchi, kostininchi
subject; hatak, hepulla, nakni tqshka,

nana, nutaka ansha, tqshka
subject, to; imaiyqchi, yukachi
subject-matter of a speech, anumpa

nushkobo
subjected, yuka
subjection; imaiya, imaiyqchi, nutaka,

nutaka ia

subjoin, to; achakqli
subjugate, to; yukachi
sublimate, to; chahqchi
sublime; chaha, chito, holitopa
sublime, to; chahqchi, holitoblichi
sublimity; chaha, chito, holitopa
submerge, to; oklobushli, oklobushlichi,

oklubbi, oklubbichi
submerged, oklobushli
submission, nutaka ia
submissive; ilbqsha, imantia
submit, to; nutaka ia
suborn, to; holabichi
suborner, holabichi
subscribe, to: hochifo takalichi, ome ahni

574

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

subscriber, hochlfo takalichi

subsequent; himmak, iakaiya

subserve, to; apela

subservient, apela

subside, to; chulosa, habofa, haboli,

halata, hopola, nuktala, oka tala, shiota,

nh i ppa , shippachi
subsided; Jtabofa, haboli, ship pa
subsidiary, apela
subsist, to; ilfipuk a tall, okcha^ya
subsistence, Uhpak
substance; imilayak, nniia
substantial; achaknia, ai<inli, kallo
substantiate, to; achchukmali, aianlichi
substitute, alhtoba
subterraneous, yakni anunkaka
subtle; ha I: si, kostini, tapuski
subtract, to; akuchaweli, kashabli
subtracted; akuchawiha, kasha pa
subtraction, akuchaweli
suburb, bi!i»l:a
subvert, to; kinalichi, kinaffi
subverted; kina/a, kinali
subverter, kinali
succeed, to; aianli, alhtoba
succeeder; alhtoba, iakaiya
succeeding, acha^ka
success, aianli
successful, aianli
successor; alhtoba, iakaiya
succinct, tilofasi
succor, apelachi
succor, to; apela, apelachi
succorer, apelachi
succulent, hokulbi
succumb, to; -nutaka ia
such; chohnii, chotni, yohmi
suck, p-ishi

suck, to; okfulli, pishi
suck in, to; okajoyuha
sucked (by the doctors), laha
sucker; chalabakko, apalali
suckle, to; pishechi
suckle a child, to; alia pixhechi
suckling; allu.nsi, pinshi
sudden; tush pa, yakosi ititakla
sudden motion, //';;
suddenly; asl(alink<i, haksint, yakosi itin-

tnkla

sudorific, iUd'^h lakshachi
suds; v'.s7// al/i-hij'a pokj)olci, jiokpoki
suds, to make; pokpokcchi
sue, to; (mil. in pa kallo onuchi
sued, aitiinipa kallo onutida

suet; haiyinhchi nia, wok bila

suffer, to; ahni, halalli, ilbasha, imaleka,

issikkopa, ome ahni
sufferer, ilbasha
suffering, ilbasha
suffice, to; fihobli, laua
sufficed, jihopa
sufficiency; alhpesa, laua
sufficient; alhpesa, laua
sufficient number, katohmona
suffocate, to; nuklamalli, nuklinfa,

?iuklinj/i, nuksiteli
suffocated; nuklinfa, nuksita
suffocating, nukshikanli
suffrage, holisso
sugar; hapi champuli, shokula
sugar, loaf; hapi champuli tohbi
sugar, lump; hapi champuli tohbi
sugar, to; hapi champuli yqmmichi
sugar, white; hapi champuli tohbi
sugar barrel, hapi champuli aialhto
sugar bowl, hapi champuli aialhto
sugar box, hapi champuli aialhto
sugar cane; hapi champuli api, ta^chuka
suggest, to; achi, anoli
suicide; obi, ilcbi
suicide, to commit; abi
suit, asilhha
suit, to; alhpesa, yohmi aialhpesa, yukpa,

yukpali

suit exactly, to; alhpiesa
suit of clothes, fohka
suitable; aialhpesa, alhpesa, imanka
suited, alhpesa

suitor; anumpa alhpisa onuchi, asilhha
sulky; hashanya, nukoa
sulky, a; iti chanalli iskitini palhki, id

chanaha palhki
sullen; banshkiksho, nukoa
sullied, liteha
sully, to; litcli, lusachi
sulphate of magnesia, ikhinsh hapiholba
sulphate of soda, ikhinsh hapi holba
sulphur, hituk lakna
sultriness, alohbi
sultry; alohbi, lashpa, pglli
sultry, to cause to be; alolichi
sum, moina
sum total, aiali
sumac; bashukcha, bati
sumless, aholhtina iksJio
summary; anumpa nushkobo, anumpa

tikba
summed, holhtcna

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

summed up, kaha

summer; palli, toffa

summer, the first part of; toffahpi

summer, to; to/a anta na lopulli

summit; onchqba, pakna^ka, tabokaka,

wishakchi

summon, to; anoli, hoyo
summoner, na hoyo

sumpter; isuba shapo shali, isuba shapuli
sumptuous, holitopa
sun, hashi

sun, to; hashontombichi, hufka, ufka
sunbeam; hqshtomi, tombi
sunburnt, hashi lua
sunlike, hashi holba
Sunday, nitak hollo

sunder, to; hokoffi, kashqbli, litqj/i, tqbli
sunder at, to; atabli, atqptuli
sunder once, to; himonna tqpli
sundered; hokofa, kashapa, litafa
sundown, hashi okatula
sundry; ilaiyuka, kanomona
sunflower, hashi
sung; qlhtqlwa, tqlwa
sunned, holufka
sunrise, hashi kucha
sunset, hashi okatula
sunshine; hashi atomi, hashtomi, tombi
sup, to; ishko, nanqbli, ninak impa'impa
superabound, to; atapa, qbanqbli, laua
superabound, to cause to; atablichi
superabounding, affekomi
superadd, to; atabli
superannuated, sipokni atapa
superb; chito, nafehna
supercilious; ilapunla, ilcfehnachi
super eminent; achuhna atapa , achukma

inshali, inshali

superficial; apaknali, paknaka
superfine, achukma inshali
superfluous, atapa fehna
superintend, to; apistikeli, pelichi
superintendent; nan apesachi, pelicheka
superior; imaiya, inshali, sipokni inshali
superlative, inshaht tali
supernatural being, na hollo
supervise, to; apistikeli
supervisor, apistikeli
supine; ahah ahni ikshc, intakobi, v:a-

tqlhpi

supinely, ivatalhpi
supper; ninak. impa, oklili impa, opiaka

impa
supplant, to; qlhtoba hosh isJii, fahqmmi

supple; iapushki, icalohbi

supple, to; lapushkichi, valohbichi

suppled; icalasha, valohbi

suppliant; asilhlia, nana silhha

supplicant, nana silhha

supplicate, to; asilhha, ifbqsha

supplied, iniqlhtaha

supply; laua, laua alhpcsa

supply, to; imatali

supply a place, to; atobachi

support; aioh'hanya, bikeli, halqlli, tikr.li

support, to; aianlichi, apela, atali, halqlli

supporter; bikeli, halqlli, imatali, kamqs-
sqlli, tikeli

suppose, to; itna/toba

supposition, imahoba

suppress, to; akkqchi, imaiyqrhi, issqchi,
luhmi, nuktalali, takqbli

suppressed, luma

suppression, oktqpa

suppurate, to; aninchichi

suppurate, to cause to; aninchichechi

suppuration, aninchich i

suppuration, to promote; aninchiche
chi

supremely, inshali

surcharge, to; atablit abcli

surcingle; ikfuka isht talakchi, ikfukasita,
isuba f oka sita

surcingled, i/uka sita

surd, haponaklo

sure; akqllo, akqt, anli

surely; anli, anlit, ba, chalik, hepulla,
kaheto, pulla

surety; ahinna, aianli

surf, oka pokpoki

surface; apaknali, pakna, paknaka

surfeit, impa atabli

surfeit, to; atablit qpa, ipeta atabli

surge; banqtha, oka banqtha, oka bqnanya

surge, to; oka banqthqt any a

surly; hqshanya, nukoa

surmise, imahoba

surmise, to; imahoba

surmount, to; qbanqbli, imaiya, imaiyq-
chi

surname, apunta

surpass, to; imaiya, imaiyqchi, ishalichi

surpassing; imaiya, inshali

surplus; atapa, qlhtampa

surprise; qta, haksint ishi, okko, okokko,
ta, yilishachi

surprise, to; anuklakashli, haksichi, hak
sint ishi

576

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

surprise, to feel; anuklamampa
surprised; anuklakancha, nuklakancha
surrender, ilissa
surrender, to; ilissa, na halupa boli,

nutaka ia

surrender, to cause to; ilissachi
surround, to; aboluktoli, afololichi,

afolubli, afoluplichi, apakfobli, apakfoli
surrounded; apakfokachi, apakfopa
surtout; He f oka chito, na foka chashana

falaia

survey, pisa

survey, to; apcsa, chuli, pisa
surveyed; alhpesa, chula
surveyor, apistikeli
suspect, to; ahni, imahoba
suspend, to; atakalichi, takalechi
suspended; aba takali, takali, takoli
suspender, tahchabana
suspenders; hqnawia, hannaweli, obala

foka isht haled li
suspense, anuktuklo
suspicious, nuktala
sustain, to; halalli
sustained, imalhtaha
sustenance; aiokchanya, ilhpak, nan

ilimpa
suture; aiitachakilli, nushkobofoni aiita-

chakalli

swab, to; kasholichi
swaddle, to; nafoka afoli
swaddled, mi foka qlhfoa
swag, to; waiya
swagger, to; ilefchnachi
swaggerer, ilefchnachi
swain, hatak himmita
swallow; isht nanabli, 'isht nalli, kolumpi,

nanabli,, nalap, nalli,
swallow (bird), chopilak
swallow, a single; nanabli achqfa
swallow, half a; nariqbli iklanna
swallow, to; balakachi, 7ianabli, nalli
swallow, to cause to; najiablichi, nalli-

chi

swallow largely, to; rhilot ishko
swallow loudly, to; kolakachi
swallowing, the act of; nanabli
swamp; bok anunka, lunsa, patasachi
swamp, a large; lunsa chito
swamp, a large round; lunsa til-pi
swamp, an open; lu^sa shahbi
swamp, the edge, end, or limits of a;

lunsa aiali
swampy; bok anu^ka, lu^safoka

swan, okak

swan, a young; okak ushi

swap, itatoba

swap, to; falammichi, itatoba

swapper, itatoba

sward, hashuk

swarm; awiachi, laua

swarm, to; awiachi, wiha

swarthy, lusa

swath, hashuk itanaha

swathe, to; afoli

sway, to; bikota, pelichi, waiya, waiyachi

swear, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchi,

anumpa kallo isht anumpuli
swear by, to; miha
sweat, laksha

sweat, a profuse; laksha chito
sweat, to; hobechi, laksha, lakshachi
sweat blood, to; issish laksha
sweaty; laksha, shinasbi, shinisbi
sweep, to; any a, bashpuli,fali, panshpuli,

pinji

sweep the whole, to; mominchi
sweep together, to; apeli
sweeper; bashpuli, panshpuli
sweepings, chupilhkash
sweet; akomachi, balama, champuli,

kashaha, sinimpa
sweet, to make; balamachi
sweet bread, paska champuli
swreet gum, hika
sweet potato, ahe
sweeten, to; champulachi, yammichi
sweeten with, to; aiyammichi
sweeten with sugar, to; hapi champuli

yammichi

sweetened; aiyammi, champuli, yammi
sweetened with, aiyammi
sweetened with sugar, hapi champuli

yammi

sweetness, champuli
swell; bokko, ibish, oka banatha, shatali,

tikpi
swell, to; chitoli, ilefehnachi, i™shaht isht

ia, kachombi toba, mitibli, mitiblichi,

piakachi, sobonoa, shataioli, shatali,

shatapa, shatabli, shatohpa, shatosholi,

shitqmmi, shitibli, shitiblichi, shitimmi,

shofoha, shofoli, shofolichi
swell, to cause to; shntaiolichi, shatali-

chi, shatablichi, shatammichi, shitiblichi,

shofolichi

swell, to make the cords; chili nanchi
swell and roll as water, to; paiokachi

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

577

swell the lips, to; itukshibeli
swelled; kachombi, mitibli, shatammi
swelled neck or throat, ikonla shatali
swelling; pq/qla, shatali, shatapa, sha-

tqbli, shatohpa, shatosholi, shofoli
swelling-, a hard; kachombi, kochombi,

shatammi

swelling, a white; shatohpa
swellings, to produce; shatosholichi
swept; abashpoa, panshpoa
swept place, abashpoa
swerve, to; shanaia, yoshoba
swift; chali, lipko, pqlhki, shinimpa,

tushpa

swiftly, to cause to go; shinimpachi
swiftness, shinimpa
swig, ishko chito
swig, to; chitot ishko
swill, shukha imilhpak
swim, to; hachonmqlhmokki, mulhmqkki,

okpalali, okshinilli, okshinillichi, oksho-

nulli, okshonullichi, okpaloli, okpaloli-

chij okyoli

swim (the head), to; chukfoloha, folota
swim, to cause to; chukfulli, okbillichi,

okpalalichi, okshinillichi, okshonullichi,

okyolichi
swimmer; isht pinfi, okshinilli, oksho-

nulli, okyoli, okyoli imponna
swimming, okyoli
swindle, to; haksichi
swindled, haksi
swindler, haksichi
swine, shukha
swine lot, shukha inhcllihta
swing; afahata, afataha, fahattakachi
swing, to; fahakachechi, fahali, fahalichi,

fahata, fahatqchi, fahattakachi, fatali,

fattahachi, takantfahakachi, tilokachi
s^wing, to cause to; fatalichi
swing around, to; fatohachi
swing in, on, or at, to; afahata
swing slowly and heavily, to; fahaka-

chi

swinger, fahalichi
swinging; fahata, fahattakachi
swingle, to; fahakachi
swingletree; isuba ahalalli, iti isht

halalli, iti ititakalli
switch; fuli, itapushi
switch, to; full isht fammi, mitelichi,

mitinha

switched, fuli ishtfama
switching, fuli ishtfama

S4:i:59° — Bull. 40 — ]r> :>7

swollen; shataioa, shatali, shatqbli, sha-
tablichi, shatammi, shatammichi, sha
tohpa, shatosholi, shitibli, shofoha, shofoli

swollen in the bowels, ikfelichi

swoon, shimoha

swoon, to; shimoha

sword, bashpofalaia

sword belt, bashpofalaia atakali qskufachi

sword blade, bashpofalaia halupa

swung; fahakachi, fahali, fahata

sycamore; bihiholba,fanikoyo, sini

sycophant, anumpa chukushpashali

sylvan, iti anunka

symbol, isht qlhpisa

sympathetic, nukha^klo

sympathize, to; nukhan/clo

sympathize with, to; ibanukha^klo

sympathizer, ibanukha^klo

sympathy, nukhanklo

symptom, isht qlhpisa

synagogue; aba isht aianumpa chuka,
sinakak, sinakak chuka

synonymous, mih

syphilis, luak shall

syringe, ikhfrsh isht apunfqchi

tabby; bakoa, basoa

tabernacle; aba anumpa isht (rianum-

puli, qlhtipo, bina
tabernacle, to; anta
table; aiimpa, holisso, Him pa
table, to; holissochi
table cloth; aiimpa onlipa, aiimpa ILIII-

patqlhpo
table knife, bqshpo ibbak pishinli, bqshpo

isht impa

table leg, aiimpa iyi
tabor, alepa
tache, isht akamqssa
tacit, luma
tack; chufak chipinta, chufak ushi, chufak

yushkololi

tack, brass; tali haksi chufak
tack, to; achunli, ahonqlichi, honqlichi,

shanaia

tackling, iti chqnaha isht halalli
tadpole, yalubba
tail, hasirnbish

tailed, to be long; chqshanoha
tailless; motohki, tokumpa
tailor; nafoka ikbi, nan achunli
tailor, to; nafoka ikbi
tailoress; nan achunli, ohoyo nafoka ikbi,

ohoyo nan achunli
taint, to; ashuwqchi

578

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

tainted, shua

take, to; eshi, hokli, holissochi, ia, ikhana,

ilaueli, imaiyqchi, ishi, ishko, isht, ishwa,

nanqbli, ome ahni, pelichi, pota, yichiffit

ishi, yukachi

take, to cause to; eshichi
take a census, to; hotina
take a few, to; achafoa
take a start, to; qttqt isht ia
take ahead, to; ma^ya
take all, to; aiokluhali, aiokluhanchi,

bakastuli, mominchi
take along, to; anya, shali, wiha
take along- with, to; aueli
take also, to; aiokluhanchi
take and bind, to; takchit ishi
take and put in, to; ishitfohki
take and spill, to; fohobli
take away, to; hota, ishi, kanqllichi,

kanchi, kuchi, pcli
take back, to; okha
take by the hand, to; potoli
take captive, to; yukachi
take care, to; ahahahni
take care of, to; potoni
take down, to; akkachi
take ease, to; foha
take food, to; impa
take from, to; alqmmi
take heed, to; ahah ahni, ahah imahni
take hold of, at, or there, to; ahalqlli,

aicshi, aiixhi
take in, to; chukoa
take in the arms, to; sholi
take it!, maki

take land by a lease, to; yakni pota
take leave, to; ilhkoli
take off, to; axhueli, ashunjfi, ishi, nipa-

lichi, nipaffi, shucli, shunfi
take on high, to; aba isht ona
takeout, to; akwhi, atokoa,foeli, fohobli,

fulli, kohchi, kucha weheli, kuchi, shunji,

tcpuli, vrll

take out, to cause to; fohoblichi
take out from, to; akucfiaireli, akuchc-

chi, at ok oil

take out of the way, to; kanalichi
take over, to; tanablichi
take part away, to; koi/ojfi,
take part with, to; ajxhachi
take pay, to; okha
take place at, to; ai/akohini
take refuge, to; atnkko

take round, to; afolotowachi, foloto-

wachi

take the place of, to; alhtoboa
take the whole, to; mominchi, okluhan-

tishi
take through, to; alopolichi, alopullichi,

lopulli

take together with, to; aiokluhanchi
take turns with, to; alhtoboa
take up, to; hilechi, oiya, peli, sholi
taken; alhtoka, imaiya, yuka
taken away, kania
taken from; akucha, akuchawiha
taken hold of and drawn off; yikefa
taken off; ashu^fa, shuinkachi, shunfa,

nipali
taken off, the place where; ashueli,

ashunfa
taken out; holhta, kucha, kucha wiha,

shuinkachi

taken round; folota, folotoa, fullokachi
taken together, to cause all to be;

aiokluhalinchi
taken up, piha
taker; hokli, ishi
takes all, one who; tomaffi
taking, ishi

tale; anumpa, holhtina, shukha anumpa
tale bearer; anumpa chukushpa ikbi,

anumpa chukushpashali, hatak nan anoli.

nan anoli

talent, tali holisso wcki
talented, imponna

tales, to make; anumpa chukushpa ikbi
talk, anumpa

talk, a very short; anumpa kolunfasi
talk, to; anopoli, anumpuli, aba anum-

puli, bqlbaha, kebibi, kehepa, mihachi
talk about a book, etc., to; holisso isht

anumpuli

talk at random, to; himakfokalit anum
puli

talk impertinently, to; anukchilafa
talkative; anumpa inlaua, anumpuli

shali

talked, anumpa

talker; anumpuli, anumpuli shali, miha
chi

tall; chaha,falaia, ho/aloha
tallness; fa la ia, hof aloha
tallow; m nia, teak nia
tallow, to; lilacJti, inik it/a ahanrmi
tallow candle, V/Y//J -n ia pqla

BYINGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

579

tallowed; ahama, nia, ivak nia ahama
tally, to; itilaui, itilauichi, itilauichit

takolichi

talon; hushi iyakchush, iyakchush
tamable, qlhpoba hinla
tame; qlhpoba, honayo, kostini
tame, to; apoa
tamed, alhpoa
tamely, nan mihiksho
tameness, honayo
tan, isht hummachi
tan, to; hummachi
tan vat, wak hakshup ahumma
tan yard, wak hakshup ahumma
tangle, itqshiha
tangle, to; shqchopa, shiha, shihachi,

shochoha, takali
tangled, shiha

tangled, to become; shacheha
tank, oka aialhto chito
tankard, isht ishko
tanned, itola^kabi
tanned red, humma
tanner; na hummachi, wak hakshup

hummachi

tanner's bark, wak hakshup isht hum
machi

tannery, wak hakshup ahumma

tansy, wild; fani hasimbish holba

tantalize, to; haksichi

tantamount, itilaui

tap; isht alhkama, isht bicheli, oka abicha
isht alhkama, oka abicha isht shqna, oka
isht bicha

tap, to; lumpli, sakaha, sokolichi, sokunha,
sukolichi

tap hole; abicha, abichkachi, oka abicha,
oka isht bicheli

tap house, oka akarichi

tap root, akshish

taper, ibakchufanshli

taper, a; pala

taper, to; ibakchufanli, ibakchufanlichi,
ibakchufanshli, ibakchufa^shlichi

tapered, ibakchufanli

tapering; chunsa, ibakchufanli, ibaksha-
kanli

tapster; bicheli, oka bicheli

tar, tiak 'nia

tar, to; tiak nia ahqmmi

tar kiln, tiak nia atoba

tardiness; haklo, salaha

tardy, salaha

tare, haiyunkpulo

target; holisso, iti tila, tilikpi

tarnish, to; lusachi

tarnished, lusa

tarred, tiak nia ahama

tarry, tiak nia bano

tarry, to; aiasha, anta

tart; hauashko, homi, kaskaha

tartar emetic, ikhinsh bota ishkot hoita

tartness, homi

task; ahchiba, toksali alhpisa

task, to; toksalechi

taskmaster, tonksalechi

tassel, habali

tassel, ready to; habani

tassel, to; habali, hinak toba, okhinak

tassel, to cause to; habalichi

tasseled, habali

tasseling of corn, hinak kucha

tasselled, hinak toba

taste, to; qpat pisa, ishkot pisa

tattered, lilala^kachi

tattle, anumpa

tattle, to; achokushpalechi, achokushpali,

anoli, anumpuli

tattler; achokushpalechi, nan anoli
tattoo, inchunwa
tattoo, to; inchunli
tattooed, inchunwa

taught; holisso ithana, ikhana, imponna
tavern; aboha aiimpa, chuka afoha, hatak

afoha

taverner, chuka afoha inhikia
tawdry, isht ilakshema shall
tawny, humma
tax, nushkobo atobbi
tax, to; nushkobo atobbi onuchi, tali

holisso itannali

tax gatherer, tali holisso itannali
tea, ti

tea canister, ti aialhto
teach, to; abachechi, abachi, holisso
ithananchi, holisso pisachi, ikhananchi,
ikhana, ikhananchi, imabachi, impon-
nachi, kostininchi, pisachi
teachable; ikhana hinla, ikhqnahe pulla
teacher; hatak ikhananchi, hatak ima
bachi, holisso ithananchi, holisso pisachi,
ikhananchi, ikhananchi, imabachi, im-
ponnqchi, kostininchi, nan ikhananchi,
nan imabachi, nan ithqnachi, nan itha
nanchi, nana imabachi, nukfoki, nuk-
fokichi, pisachi

teaching, the means of; isht ikhanan
chi

580

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

teacup, ti isht ishko

team, to; hiolichi

teamster; hiolichi, isht a^ya, iti chanaha

isht anya
teapot, ti ahoni
tear, nishkin okchi
tear, to; fakopli, haiochichechi, liqbli,

Innlichi, nukoa, lilafa, lilalichi, lilajfi,

lilcchi, lilli

tearer; lilalichi, lilajfi, lilcchi
tease with, to; afekommi
teased, shiha
teaser, nukoa
teat; ibish, ipinshik, pishik
tedder, asrta falaia
tedder, to; asctafalaia isht takchi
tedious; achiba, ahchiba, qlhchiba, komota,

palammi, sqlaha
tedious, to cause to be; achibachi,

achibali, palqmmichi
tediousness, ahchiba
teem, to; chcli, kaiyu, ushi infohka, ushi

kaiya

teeter, to; takqnha
teeth, noti
teethe, to; noti offo
tegument, hakshup
teil tree, balup
telescope, apisa isht hoponkoyo
tell, to; a, anoachi, anoli, haiakqchi,

hotina, ikhananchi
teller; anoli, hotina
telltale; nan anoli, nan anoli shall
temerity, nukwia iksho
temper; chunkqsh, imanukfila, itiqmmi,

nuklibisha

temper, to; aii/uma, kallochi, nuktalali
temperance, nuktanla
tempered; kallo, nuktanla
tempest; apcli, abai anurnpuli chuka,

mali chito, mali kallo
temple; aboha holitopa, chuka hanta
temple (in anatomy), haksun tapaiyi
temporal; it Hal:, ijakni
tempt, to; anukpallichi, iinotnaka pisa,

nukpallichi

tempt with, to; titan ukpallichi
temptation; aian nl:palli, aian ukpallika,

anukpallika, nun nul:j>alli, tiukpaUichi
temptation, to feel a; anukjmUi.
tempted; anukjHifli, nt(kj>nlli, attltachoha
tempter; aian ukpallichi, an nL-paU'n-tii,

iinoinaka ptxa, nukpallichi
ten, okoli

Ten Commandments, nan alhpisa
tenacious; halalli, kallot ishi
tenant, yakni pota
tend, to; ahinna, ahni, apesachi, apisti-

keli, anya

tend the sick, to; abeka apistikeli
tender; kanliksho, kostini, nukhanklo,

nuktanla, ivalasha, ivaloha, walohbi,

u-alotachi, walunchi, ivalwaki
tender, a; apesachi
tender, to; imissa
tender, to make; lachopachi, wqlwaki-

chi

tender-footed, iyi taha
tender-hearted, chu^kmh u-qlwaki
tenderloin; anukbankchi, chqshwa nipi
tenderness; inhollo, kanliksho, nukhan-

klo, walohbi
tenement, chuka
tenet, imanukjila
tenfold, inluhni
tenor, iniha
tense, kallo
tension; shebli, she pa
tent; atepa, qlhtipo, bina, na hqta

qlhtipo

tent, to; atepuli, qttepuli, bina talali
tented; qlhtipo, bina a^sha
tenter, wooden; tikeli
tenters, isht tikoli
tenth, isht pokoli
tepid; lahba, libesha
terce, italhfoa chito
term; aiqli, anumpa, apclichi, nitak,

tuklo

term, to; hochifo
termagant, ohoyo nukoa
termed, hochifo
terminate, to; aiqlichi, qli, hokofa,

Jiokoffi

terminated, hokofa
termination; ahokofa, aiqli, a taha
terms; anumpa, hqshi alhpisa
terrapin, luksi
terrestrial, i/akni ahalaia
terrible; okpulo, palqmmi
terribly, fchn a
tei-rific, okpulo

terrified; nuklakancha, nukshopa
terrify, to; /uikfakqs/tli, nukshobli.
territory; apelichifullota, yakni
terror; komunta, nuklakancha, nukshopa
tertian, tni.sha
test; is/it alhpisa, f>ix<i

BYI \GTON]

A DICTIONARY OF TTTE CTTOCTAW LAXOTTAGTC

581

test, to; apesa, pisa

testament, iinissa

Testament, the; holisso holitopa

testator, iinissa

testatrix, ohoyo iinissa

testifier, atokoli

testify, to; anli achit anoli, anumpa kallo
onuchit anoli, atokoa

testimony; aiatokowa, anumpa, anumpa
kallo, nan alhtokowa, nan isht atokowa,
nan isht alhtokowa, oktani

testimony, to bear; aiatokowali

tether; isht talakchi, nan isht talakchi,

tetter; halampa, hallampa

tetter, to have a; hallampabi

text; anumpa, anumpa nushkobo

texture, tanna

thank, to; aiokpanchi, aiokpachi, yakoke
ahni

thankful; aiokpanchi, yakoke ahni

thankfulness, aiokpanchi

thanks, expressing; yakoke

that; ak, ash, ho, hoh, hokma, ilappak,
kak, mak, mat, na, nana hon, on, yamma,
yammak ash, yammak o, yammano, yam-
mat

that again; ak, inli

that also, inli

that instant, yammak

that one; yammak osh, yammato

that only; ak, hak

that same, mih

that too, yammak kia

that way; imma, yammimma

that which, an, ano, chash, ka, kash, kato,
kano, kat, kato, kosh, mo, nana hat

that which is on, ontalaia

thatch; hashuk isht holmo, hashuk um-
poholmo

thatch, to; hashuk isht homo, hashuk
wmpohomo

thatched, hashuk umpoholmo

thaw, to; abila, bila, bileli

thawed, bila

the; an, ak, amo, ash, at, at, ha™, hatuk,
hat, heno, het, heto, ho, ilappa, ilappak,
k, kak, kano, kanoha, kato, kat, kosh, ma,
mak, mano, mat, mato, ok, t, ya, yak,
yano, yatuk, yamma, yat, yon

the also; ma, mat

the one; ash, ato, at, ato, kato, mato

the one also, ash

the one which; amo, ano, ash, han, ka

the one which also, ash
the one which or who, <ito
the one who; at, at, ato
the present time, moment, or in
stant; himak

the present year, himak afamrni
the said; amo, ash, chash, hash, kasli, mih
the said one, chashon
the sake of, ftatok
the same; ash, hash, mih
the same also which was, chash
the same that, kash
the same that was, chash
the same which; chash, chashon
the which; ano, at, han, ka, kano, kanoha,

kano, kosh

theater, aiilaualli chuka
thee; chi, chin, chia, chim, chin, chishno
theft, hunkupa

their; in, ilap, im, immi, in, yamma
their own, ilap im
their thoughts, okla imanukjila
theirs; ilap, immi
them; an, im, nana, yamma, yammak asJi,

yammak oka

themselves, yammak inli
then; atuk, himmakma, hokma, memo,

7nih, yammak, yammak okmato, yohmi

hokinano, yohmima
thence; ilappa, itintakla, yammak ashon,

yammak atuk an
thenceforth, yamma
theologian, aba anumpa ifhana
theology; aba anumpa, Chihowa aba-

numpa

theory; anumpa, imanukjila
there; a, ai, i, yamma, yammak, yammak

oka

thereabouts, yammak /oka
thereat; isht, yamma
thereby; isht, yammak o
therefore; akta, hakta, mih, yamohmi

hoka, yohmi hoka, yohmi ka, yohmi ka/,

yohmima

therein; isht, yammak o
thereof, yammak atuk an
thereupon; chekusi, yamohmi kako
therewith, isht

thermometer, lashpa isht akostininchi
these; ilappa, ka, yakohmi, yakomi,

yamma

these here, yakomi
they; ila]>p<i, okla, yamma, yammak

582

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

thick; chito, hofobi, holishki, lotuski,

okchaldbi, sukko, shingshbi, toluski,

tolusli

thick, to make; toluskichi
thick, to make short and; lotuskichi
thick and close together, chikihah
thicken, to; afulli, ashcla, ashelgchi,

sukko, sukkochi

thickened; ashcla, qffula, holgshki, sukko
thicket; aboli, bafaha, bafalli, kohchi
thicket, a small; bafalli talaia
thickly; chito, hofobi, sukko
thickness, hofobi
thickset, bilfrka
thief; hatak hunkupa, hunkupa, na hun-

kupa

thieve, to; hunkupa
thievish, hunkupa shall
thigh; iyubi, obi
thill, ahalcdli

thimble; ibbak ushifoka, tali kgssa
thin; fahko, laua, moaha, sukko, takgssa,

tapgski, tapuski, wushicoki
thin, to; tapgskichi
thin lips, itakmacheli
thine; chin, chin, chishno, chishno yokan,

chishno yokgt, ish, pishno yoka, pishno

yoked

thine, to become; chimmitoba
thing; na, nam, nan, nana, nana .lea,

nana kia, nanta
thing, bad; nan okpulo
thing, one; nan achafa
thing, the very; 7ianafchna
thing, this; na yakohmi
things prepared, nan alhtaha
think, to; ahni, ahoba, anukfilli, imanuk
jila

think about, to; aiahni
think himself, to; Hap anukfilli
think much of, to; fchnachi
think of, to; aiahni, anukjilli
thinker, anukjilli
thinking, anukjilli
thinly, jimimpa
third; atuchina, hituchina
third time, tuchinaha
third time, to do the; hituchinanchi,

tuchinanchi
thirdly, atuchina
thirst; itukshila, nukshila
thirst, to; ituhhila
thLrst, to cause; nukshilachi
thirsty; itukshila, nukshila

thirsty, to be very; ituklua

thirteen, auah tuchina

thirteenth, isht auahchafa

thirtieth; isht pokoli, pokoli

thirty, pokoli

this; himak, ilap, ilappa, ilappak, ilappat,

mih, yak

this, to do; yalabli
this is the cause, yakohmika ko™
this is the one; ilappak osh, ilappano
this is the one which; ilappak okat,

ilappato

this moment, himonasi
this side, olah

this side of the creek, bok ola intannap
this sort, yakohmi
this the one which, ilappak oka
this way; auet, et, ilappimma, imma,

olah, olehma, olimma
this year, himak afarnmi
thistle; shumatti, shumo
thistle down, shumo
thistle stalk, shumo api
thistly, shumo laua
thitherward, ilappimma pilla
thole; atakali, api aiishi
thong; aseta, libata
thorax; haknip, haknipfoni
thorn; bissukchanaki, kati, kati holba
thorny; bisakchakinna foka, kati chito,

kati laua

thorough, alhtaha
thoroughwort, haiyuflkpulo
those, yamma
those which were, hatuk
thou; chi, chia, chik, chirn, chishno, is, ish
thou-me; issan, issi
though, kia

thought; anukfila, imanukjila
thoughtful; anukfilli, imanukjila, ima-

nukfilafehna

thoughtless, imanukjila iksho
thoughts of man, hatak imanukjila
thoughts of the heart, chunkgsh iinanuk-

fila

thousand, talcpa sipokni
thousand, one; talepa sipokni achafa
thousand, ten; talcpa sipokni pokoli
thousand, thousand; talepa sipokni

talepa sipokni

thousand, two; talepa sipokni tnklo
thousandth, isht talepa sipokni
thraldom, yuka
thrall, yuka

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

583

thrash, to; boli, niheli

thrashed; niha, nihi

thrasher; boli, nihelichi

thread, to; ponola lopullichi

thread box, ponola aiqlhto

thread case, ponola aiahlto

threadbare, lipa

threat, miha

threaten, to; miha

threatener, mihachi

three, tuchina

three, all; tuchinna

three, being; tuchinna

three, to make; tuchina

three-cornered, hanaiya

three times; atuchinaha, hituchinaha

three times, to do; hituchinanchi

threefold, inluhmi

thresh, to; niheli

threshing floor, anihechi

threshing place, anihechi

threshold, okhisa

thrice; atuchinaha, hituchinaha, ' tuchi-

nanchit
thrift, aianli
thrifty, aianli

thrill, to; lumpli, nukshachaiyakachi
thrive, to; chitot ia, inshali, laua
throat; inkolumpi, ikonla, innalapi,

kolombish, nalapi
throat affection, shikiffi
throatlatch; isuba ikonla isht talakchi,

nutakfa isht talakchi
throb, to; lipkachi, michikli, mitikli,

mitikminkli, mitikminli, mototunkli, mo-

tukli, timikli, timikmeli
throb, to cause to; mitiklichi, mitikmin-

lichi
throbbing; mitikli, mitikminli,

throe; hotupa, nukhammi

throe, to; hotupa, nukhammi

throne; aiasha, aiasha holitopa, aionbinili

holitopa, ombinili, pclichika aiasha
throne of Jehovah, Chihoica aiasha
throng; itanaha, laua
throng, to; atelifichi, itanaha laua
throttle, to; nuktakali
through; aiali, aiitintakla, lopulli, takla
throughout; moma, mominchit
throw; akkgchi, kanchi, pila
throw, to; akkachi, bohpuli, Jichammi,

kampila, naki pila, pila
throw away, to; kanchi

throw by springing a stick, to; facha-

chi, fachamoli, fachammi, fichamoli
throw down, to; akkaboli, akkapila,

kinalichi, kina/i, luhammi
throw into the fire, to; itokanchi
throw mud with a stick, to; fa^kulli
throw on, to; onochi
throw on a fire, to; itachi, itopihinla
throw open, to; tiabli
throw out, to; kucha
throw over, to; auanapolichi, yuli
throw sideways, to; fahammi
throw up, to; aba pila
throw up the earth, to; vokkokli, tro-

kokonli

thrower; bohpuli, kanchi, pila
thrown, bohpoa

thrown by a stick; fachama, fachamoa
thrown down, kinali
thrum, to; takchi, tana
thrush, itakha litowa
thrust; bali, tobli

thrust, to; bali, chukoa, fahammi, tobli
thrust against, to; apokofa
thrust in, to; maia, maiachi
thrust into a corner, to; anaksikachi
thrust out the tongue, to; okchilabi,

okchilaklali

thrust upward, to; baha/i
thruster; bali, tobli
thumb, ibbak ishki
thumb, to; lusachi
thump, sakachi
thump, to; kasolichi, kasuha, lasaha,

lasalichi, sakaha, sakalichi
thumper, lasalichi
thumping; sakaha, timikteli
thunder; hiloha, tasa
thunder, to; hiloha
thunder, to cause to; hilohachi
thunder clap, hiloha
thunder cloud, hiloha hoshintika
thunder shower, hiloha umba chito
thunder strike, to; hiloha obi
thunderbolt; hashuk malli, malatta-

kachi

thunderer, hilohachi
thus; achuhmi, aiyohmi, yak, yakohmi,

yammak in, yohmi
thus, to do; aiyakohmichi, imoma,

yakohmichi

thus always, to be; aiimoma
thwack, to; pasaha, pasalichi
thwart, to; asonali, okhoatali, olabbi

584

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

thy; chi, chin, chim, chimmi, chin, chishno,

ish

thyine wood, sitlon
thyself, chishno akinli
tick; bahta chito hoshi^sh aiglhto, shatanni
tick, seed; shatannushi
tick, wood; shatanni
tick, young; shatannushi
ticket, holisso lilafa
ticking, nan tqnna bahta atoba
tickle, to; chukchulli
tickled, chukchua
tickler, chukchulli
tickling; chukchua
ticklish; kinafa It in la, nukoa shali, yukpa

shali

tide; okhqta bikeli, yanqlli
tidewater, oka bikeli
tidiness, kashofa,
tidings; anoa, anumpa, anumpa annoa,

anumpa himona
tidy, kashofa
•tie, ashekonopa
tie, to; ashekonobli, itashekonopli, sheko-

nobli, takchi, takchichi
tie, to make; asclilcchi
tie a noose, to; alinfachi
tie at, on, to, or up, to; asidll-i, asitoli

ashelichi, atakchcchi, atakcht, atakc.hiche-

chi, atakchichi, shikoli, iak'-hichi
tie brush, to; shauwa takchi
tie together, to; takchichi
tie up in a bundle, to; sitel-i, sitoli
tie with a noose, to; alinjichi
tied; ashekonoa, ashekonopa, a ta Iakchi,

sheko no pa , ta iakchi
tied round, apakfoa
tied up; asehta, asitoha, asheha, ashehachi,

sita, sitoha, shikoli, shiko/ra
tierce, italhfoa chito
ties, one who; Iakchi
tiger; koi, koi nakni
tight; afachu, ajtohtukih, chiluk iksho,

inJiollo, katan/i, kallo, 'nan inholitopa,

rnan inhollo, pa /ant mi
tighten, to; katanlichi
tightly, katanli
tigress, koi tck
till; kinsha, na, takla
till, to; osapa toksali, patajfi, toksali
tillable; atoksala hinla, fxttujli
tilled, /HitaJ'a
tiller, ]>afajH
tiller of the ground, osapa toksali

tilt; alhtipo, umpoholmo

tilt, to; umpohomo

timber; iti, iti basha, iti bashkachi

timbered, iti ansha

time; aiona, nitak, okchanya, ta

time, a short; yakosi

time, to; apesa

timekeeper, hashi isht ikhana

timely; alhpesa, nitanki

timepiece, hashi isht ikhana

times; bat, ha

timid; anukwia, imala, nukshopa, nukwia,

takshi

timid, to render; anukwiachi, nukiciachi
timorous; nukshopa, nukwia
tin, asonak toba
tin kettle, asonak hata
tin pail, asonak hata

tin pan; asonak hata maiha, asonak inalha
tinder, tashukpa
tine, chufak uushala, washala
tingle, chansa

tingle, to; chansa, nukshikanli
tingle the nose, to; shikali, shikanlichi
tingling , shikan li
tinker, asonak isht qtta
tinkle, to; kamahachi, kassa, kassaha,

kassahachi, olachi, saniahachcch i , saina-

hachi

tinkle, to cause to; kamahachechi
tinkling; kamahachi, kassahachi
tinkling of a bell, samahachi
tip, irishakchi

tip, to; haluppachi, umpohomo
tip end, irishakchi

tip end, belonging to the; irishakchi
tip-end men, hatak irishakchi
tipple, to; okishko
tippled, haksi
tippler; hatak okishko, okishko, okishko

shall

tippling house, oka aiixltko
tipsy, haksi

tiptoe, iyushi wishakchi
tire; bita, 'iti chanaha isJtl talakchi, tali

it ich anaha anakfoa
tire, to; hoi/ablichi, intakobichi, tikabi.

tikabichi

tire another, to; shemqchi
tire with, to; aiintakobichi
tired; ataha, intakobi, tikabi
tired out with, aiintakobi
tiresome; ahchiba, qlhchiba, kotnota.

tikabi

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

585

tithe, isht pokoli

title; hochifo, holisso, immi

title, to; ima

titter, to; yukpa

to; a, pitta

to some extent, chohmi

to the end that, na

toad, shilukwa

toad, spawn of a; shilukwushi

toad, tree; chukpalantak, hachukpalan-

tak

toad, young; shilukwushi
toadstool; pakti, ponkshi
toast, paska alhpusha
toast, to; anakshonffi, anaksholi, auashli
toasted; anakshua, alhpusha, alwasha
toasting iron, paska alibishli
tobacco, hakchuma
tobacco, roll of; hakchuma alhfoa
tobacco leaf, hakchuma hishi
tobacco pipe, hakchuma shuti
tobacco worm, hakchuma inshunshi
today, himak nitak
toe, great; iyishke
toe, little; iyush ali, iyushi
toe, the long; iyush tikba
together; aiena, iba, it, itatuklo
together, to cause to be or go;

apehachi

together with; aiena, apiha, iba
toil, tonksali

toil, to; pilesa, toksali, yichina
token; isht alhpisa, nan isht ikhana
token of respect, nan isht aiokpachi
told; aianowa, anoa
tolerable; alhpesa, chohmi
tolerably, chohmi
tolerate, to; apesa, ome ahni
toll, alhtoba

toll, to; atobbi, ola, olachi
toll bridge, iti patalhpo alhtoba ahoyo
toll gate, okhisa alhtoba ahoyo
tomahawk, iskifushi
tomahawk, to; iskifushi
tomb; ahollohpi, hatak aholopi, hatak illi

aiasha, sipqlka
tomboy, alia haksi
tombstone, ahollopi tali hikia
tome, holisso

tomorrow; onna, onnaha, onnakma
tomorrow, after; mishshakma
tomtit, biskantak

ton; ireki talepa sipokni tuklo, yamohmi
tone, ola

tongs; botona, tali isht kiseli, vski botona

tongs, cane; kapash

tongs, fire; lunk isht kiseli

tongs, flesh; nipi isht kapash, /t-ipi. isht

kafa

tongue (language); anumpa, okla
tongue (organ of speech), isunlash
tongue-tied, isunlash illi
tonic; ikhinsh nipi kallochi, ikhinsh okcha-

lechi

tonight, himak ninak
too; ak, atapa

tool; isht tonksali, nan isht tonksali
tool for hewing stone, tola
toot, to; olachi
tooter, olachi
tooth, noti

tooth, cheek; noti isht itibi
tooth, corner; noti chukbi
tooth, double; noti boliikta, noti pokta,

noti polukta

tooth, front; noti ibish, noti tikba
tooth edge, noti shakaya
toothache, noti hotupa
toothbrush, noti isht kasholichi
toothpick; noti isht shinli, shinli
top; apakna^ka, nushkobo, pakna, pak-

naka, tabokaka, ivishakchi
top (for spinning), na hila
top, to; ishalichi, tabli, umpohomo
top of a hill, nanih paknaka
top of a side, bok wiheka
top of a tree, iti wishakchi
top of the foot, iyi paknaka
top of the head; bokko, iyatoboka, nush
kobo tabokaka

top of the milk, pishukchi pakna
toper, okishko shali
tophet, aiokpuloka

topic; anumpa, anumpa nushkobo, nana
topped; tapa, umpoholmo
topple, to; kinafa
torch, pala
torch pan, luak apala
torch-holder, apala
torchlight, to make a; palali
torment; ilbasha, isikkopa, isikkopali
torment, to; ilbashachi, isikkopalechi,

isikkopali
tormented; ilbasha, ilbashachi, isikkopa,

isikkopalechi, isikkopali, issikkopa
torn; lilafa, lilalankachi, lilali
torn up, fakoiva
tornado, mali chito

586

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

torpid; illi, nusilhha, shimoha

torpor; illi, nusilhha

torrent, oka yanqllipqlhki

torrid; lashpa, lua

tortoise; hachotakni, luksi, luksi chito

torture; hotupa, nukhammi

torture, to; hotupali, nukhqmmichi

toss, aba pila

toss, to; aba pila, pila

toss the hands and feet, to; shilaia,.

shila.iyako.chi

toss the head, to; kanaktakli
tossed, takakanli
tossed on the waves, paiokqchi
total, motna
totality, inoma
totally; bano, bcka
tote, to; id, shall
totter, to; faiokqchi
touch; isso, ishi, pololi
touch, to; a noli, qla, qtaiya, bikeli, haleli,

ia, isso, ishi, nukhanklochi, potoli, tebli,

tibli, tikeli
touch each other, to cause to; tikc-

lichi

touch the feelings, to; chunkqsh ishi
touch with the tongue, to; labbi
touchhole; haksun chiluk, tanampo

haksun chiluk

touchiness, nukoa okpulo
touchwood; iti toshbi, tashukpa
touchy, nukoa shall
tough; kamqssa, kqllo, pokshia
tough meat of the neck, ikistqp
toughen, to; kamqssqlli, kqllochi, kqllot

ia

tour, nowatfullota
tourist, nowatfullota
touse, to; halali
tow, pinqsh
tow, to; halat isht any a
toward; imnm, pi In, pilla, pit
toward the head, ibctap pilla
toward the left, glhfabck iinina
toward the speaker; <mct, ct
toward this place, ilnpjm pila
towel, nnshuka -Mil kanholichi
tower; aboha chaha, aloha kallo chaha,

chitka chaha
tower, to; chaha
town; apclichika, tqmaha
town, a certain Choc taw; Wia Takali
town, a great; tqmaha chito
town, a small; tumahushi

townsman, tqmaha hatak

toy; hatak holla isht washoha, isht

washoha, na hila
toy, to; ilauqlli, icashoha
trace, alanfa
trace (part of harness^; isuba isht shali,

isht halqlli

trace (trail); anowa, hina
trace, to; iakaiya, lanfi
traced, lanfa

track; anowa, atia, hina, iyi
track, deer's; isi anowa
track, to; silhhi
track, to cause to; silhhichi
tracker, silhhi
tract, anumpa

tractable; kostina hinla, kostini
trade; aiyqmohmi, itatoba
trade, to; itatoba
trader; itatoba, na kanchi, nan chumpa,

nan isht itatoba, nan ittatoba
trading house; aiitatoba chuka, nana

aiitatoba

trading place, aiitatoba
tradition; anumpa isht auchlnchi, anum
pa kochanli, nana qlhpisa
traduce, to; isht yopula
traffic, itatoba
traffic, to; itatoba
trafficker, itatoba
tragical; hatak all, ilbqshahe qlhpesa,

nukhanklo

trail; kahama, lohama, talaia
trail, to; silhhi

trail the grass, to; hqshuk lohqmmichi
trailed, lohama
train; iakaiya, isht haksichi
train, to; ikhananchi, kostininchi
train of powder, hituk laya bachanya
trained, kostini
traitor; is si okla issa, kanchi
trammel, asonak atakali
trammel, to; hokli, katqbli, takchi
tramp, to; nowa
tramping of horses, litetuk
trample, to; ahabli, ahali, hall I, hqli,

hqlichi, kahqmmi
trample down, to cause to; kahqm-

michi

trampled, ahqla
trampler; ahalichi, kahqmmi
trance, tascmlo
tranquil; hopola, nuktanla
tranquil, to become; hopola

BYIXOTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

587

tranquilize, to; hopolqchi, hopolqlli,

nuktalali

tranquilly, nuktanlqt
transact, to; apesa, apistikeli, ygmihchi
transaction, nan isht atta
transactor, nan isht atta
transcend, to; qbanqbli, ia, imaiya
transcendent, achukma inshali
transcribe, to; qlbitet holissochi
transcript, holisso
tranfer, kanchi
transfer, to; qlhtosholi, ia, ima, kanqlli-

chi, kanchi, pota, tosholi
transferred, toshoa
transfigured, inlat toba
transform, to; inla ikbi
transgress, to; anumpa kobaffi, qbanqbli,

kobaffi

transgression; anumpa kobafa, anum
pa kobqffi, yoshoba

trangressor; aiashqchi, anumpa kobaffi
transient, chekusi ont ia
transitory, chekusi kqnia
translate, to; anumpa tosholi, qlhtosholi,

kanqllichi, tosholi

translate slightly, to; lapalit tosholi
translated; anumpa toshoa, qlhtoshoa,

illi, kqnia, toshoa

translation; anumpa toshoa, toshoa, tosholi
translator; anumpa tosholi, qlhtosholi,

tosholi

transmit, to; pila
transmit toward, to; auechi
transparency; shohkaicali
transparent, shohkalali
transpire, to; haiaka, yqmohmi
transpire at, to; ayakohmi
transport, to; ia, yukpali
transpose, to; qlhtoboa
trap; isht hokli, isht qlbi
trap, to; hokli, isht qlbi talali
trash; chopilhkqsh, chupilhkqsh, polhkash
trash, to; shinji
travail, hotupa
travail, to; alia eshachin inpalqmmi,

eshichi, hotupa, ishi, nowa
travel, to; akka itqnoiva, akkahika, akka-

hikqt anya, akkanowa, akkaya, atia, anya,

itanowa, nowa, nowqtanya, nowqtfullota
travel with, to; ibanowa
traveled, anowa
traveler; anya, hatak noivqt anya, ita-

nowa, na hollo itanowa, nowa, noivqt
anya

traveling companion, ibanowa

traverse, to; lopulli

tray; itampo, iti kula

treacherous, anli

treachery; aianli, anli, haksichi

tread; habli, nowa

tread, to; habli, hqli, kahqmmi, lohqmmi,

luhqmmi, nowa

tread down, to cause to; lohummichi
tread into, to; ahablichi
tread into the ground, to; ahalichi
tread on, to; ahabli, ahqli, hika
tread on, to make; ahablichi, ahalichi,

hablichi, hqlichi
tread there, to; ahabli
tread under foot, to; ahalichi
treader; ahablichi, ahalichi, habli, hqli
treadle (belonging to a loom), ahabli
treasure; ilanyak, na holitompa, na

holitopa, nan ilayak, nana imilanyak
treasurer, tali holisso ishi
treasury; tali holisso aboli, tali holisso

aiitola
treat, to; aiokpqchi, anumpuli, anya,

halqlli, ipeta, nana kanihchi
treater; isht aiokpqchi, isht anumpuli
treatise; anumpa, holisso
treatment, yqmohmi
treaty; anumpa, holisso holitopa
treble, inluhmi
treble, to; inluhmi
tree; qpi, iti
tree, a certain; tokqm
tree, chestnut; otqpi
tree, cottonwood; shumbqla
tree, cypress; shankolo
tree, dead; iti illi
tree, domesticated; iti qlhpoa
tree, dry; iti shila

tree, fallen; itikinafa, iti kinali, itiyileha
tree, good; yat
tree, large; iti chito
tree, leaning; iti waiya
tree, slender; itifabqssa
tree, standing; iti hikia
tree, to; oiyqchi
tree, turpentine; tiak
tree lying across a creek, sqlbqsh
tree turned up by the roots, itakchu-

lakto

tree without limbs, fako
tremble, to; nukshichaiakqchi, nukwqn-

nichi, nukwimekqchi, wannichi, yalqtha,

yiliya, yulichi

588

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

trembling; ilapissa, nukwqnnichi, wqn-

nichi

tremendous; <-hifo, palqmmi
tremor, wannichi
tremulous, wannichi
trench, yakni kula ayanalli
trench, to; kulli, patqjji
trencher; itatnpo, iti kula ailmpa
trespass, yoshoba

trespass, to; ashqchi, okpani, yoshoba
trespasser, i/oshoba
tress, yushbonoli
trial; moinaka pisa, pisa
trial, to make a; imoinaka pisa
triangle, hanaiya
triangle, to make a; hanaiyachi
triangular, hanaiya
tribe; aiunchululli, apelichi, apelichika,

aiunchololi, isht aiunchululli, ishtatiaka,

okla

tribe, a single; okla chuff i
tribe, a small; oklushi
tribulation, isikkopali
tribunal, nan apesa abinili
tributary people, yuka okla
tribute; aba isht aiokpqchi, nushkobo

atobbi, nushkobo chum pa, nushkobo isht

chumpa

tribute, to put to; nushkobo atobbichi
trick; fapj>o, haksirhi, isht haksichi
trick, to; haksichi
tricked, haksi

trickle, to; lotohqchi, shiniHi, yanqUi
tricky, haksichi shall
triennial, afqmmi tuchinakma
trier; momaka pisa, pisa
trifle, nana iskilinusi
trifle, to; ilauqlli, isht yopula
trifler, isJit yopula
trigger; aha 1 alii, tanampo ahalqlli
trill, to; tafoa afalamoa, yanalli
trim, to; aiskiachi, amo, emo, imanukjila

Inklo, nafichi, nolichi, okmilalichi, shema,

sheniachi, t/xshkabalichi, yushkilalichi
trimmed; tiiskia, alnio, naha, naksish

naha, sJteiiui, yushkabali, yiishkoboli
trimmer, anumpa intuklo
Trinity, the; ('hihou'a
trinket, isht vashoha
trip; isso, lusalichi
trip, to; apakchilojfi, batammi, ibctqbli,

Iqsalichit akkqchi, notra pqlhki
tripe, iskuna
triple, inluhmi

tripped up, apakchilofa

tripper, tunshpqt notra

trite; lipa, sipokni

triturate, to; lapushfcichi, pushechi

triturated; lapushki, pushi

triumph, imaiya

triumph, to; hila, imaiya

triumphant, imaiya

troat, to; linsa

trochings, isi Iqpishfilqm.minchi

trodden; anowa, hqla

trodden down; ahgla, kahama, lohama,

luhaina, lukama
trodden on; ahabli, ahqla
trodden soft, litoa
trollop, fullokqchi
troop, tqshka chipota
troop, to; itanowa, itqnaha
trooper, isuba omanili tqshka
trophy, na wehpoa
trot, yahyqchi

trot, to; yahyachechi, yahyqchi
trot, to make; yahyachechi
trotter, yahyqchi

trouble; ataklqma, ilbasha, nan fakanimi
trouble, to; ahchibaH, anuktuklochi,

anumpulechi, apistikeli, ataklqmmi, atak-

Iqmoli, ilbqshali, kanihmi, nukoqchi
trouble water, to; pialichi
troubled; ataklqma, ilbqsha, komunta
troubler; anumpulechi, apistikeli, alak-

Iqmoli, ataklqmolichi
troublesome; acheba, ahchiba, apistikeli,

isht qfekommi, itakhapuli, komota
troublesome, to cause to be; achi-

bachi, itakhqpulichi
troublous; achukma, isht qfekommi
trough; aiilhpeta, iti kula, iti peni, peni
trough, long; iti kula falaia
trough, water; oka aiqlhto
trousers, obalafoka
trout; nqni shupik, sakli
trowel, lukji isht patasqlli
truant, intakobi
truck; itatoba, iti kqlaha
truck, to; itatoba
truckle, to; nutaka ia
true; aianli, aianlishke, onll, apissanli,

qlhpesali, nan imaianli
true, to make; anlichi
true heart, chu^kqsh a^ti
trueness; aianli, a^li
truly; anU, anlit, hatoshke, mqli
truly, to act; anli

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

589

truly, to speak; anlit add

trump, isht punfa

trump, to; itqnnali

trumpery, nan chokushpa

trumpet; isht punfa, lapish

trumpeter, isht punfolachi

truncate, to; koluffi

truncated, kolofa

trunk (body), haknip

trunk (for clothing1), itombi

trunk (tree, etc.), api

trunk maker, itombi ikbi

trunk of an elephant, ibishakni

truss, to; takchi

trust; aianukcheto, yimmi

trust, to; ahekqchi, aianukcheto, anuk-

cheto, yimmi
trusted, aheka

trustee, hatak nan apistikcli qlhtuka
truster, nan ahekqchi
trusting, anukcheto
trusty; anli, anukcheta hinla, kqllo
truth; aianli, anli
truth, to establish the; a^iichi
truthless, aianli keyu
try, to; kashoffichi, momaka pisa, pisa
try to do, to; ibawichi
try to do so, to; yohmit pisa
tub; itampo chito, oka aiqlhto
tube, ayanalli

tubercle; hichi, hichushi, tanlakchi
tuck, to; fohki, shamqllichi
tucker, inuchi

Tuesday, nitak hollotuk i^misha
tuft; bafqlli talaia, lukoli
tug; halalli, isht halalli
tug, to; halat isht anya, halalli
tuition, ikhananchi
tumble, to; aiyuma, kinafa, tonnoli, ton-

nolichi

tumbled; aiyokoma, aiyuma
tumbler, ilauqlli
tumbler, glass; kobli
tumefied, shatali
tumefy, to; shatalichi
tumor, kachombi
tumult, kitihachi
tun, itqlhfoa chito
tune, taloa

tune, to; taloa, taloat takalichi
tune, to make a; taloa ikbi
tune, to set a; taloa isht ia
tuner, taloa
tunic, ilcfoka

tunnel; aiani, isht bicheli, oka abicha, oka

isht bicheli
turban; aialipa, bita, iachuka, ialipa,

nantapqski ialipa
turban, king's; minko imiachuka
turban, to; biteli, bitelichi, iachuka,

iachukolechi, iachukoli, ialipcli, ialipc-

turbaned; bita, iachuka, ialipa

turbid, liteha

turbulent, haksi

turf, isuba aiitintimiya

turgid; shatali, shatqbli

turkey; akank chaha, fakit

turkey, a hen; fakit ishke, fakit tck

turkey, a male; fakit nakni

turkey, a very young; bilinsbili

turkey, a young; fakit ushi

turkey, a young male; fakit kuchankak

turkey cock; fakit homqtti, fakit nakni

turkey's egg, fakit ushi

turkey's spur, fakit inchahe

turn; fotoha,fotoli

turn, to; ajinni, afolichi, anukpilij/i,
anukpiloii, ashana, ashqnnichi, chanqlli,
chasqllichi, chqnaha,fahqttqkqchi, fahfuli,
falama, Jilema, filemqchi, filimmikqchi,
fololichi,fotoli, shanaia, shanaiachi, shan-
aiqchi, shanali, shananchi, shaneli, shqna,
shqnachi, shqnni, tasembochi, torinolichi

turn about or around, to; afololichi,
chanahqchi, chanichi

turn askew, to; shanaioli

turn at, to; afalama

turn away, to; filamolechi, Jilamoli,
Jilqmmi, filimmi

turn away, to cause to; Jilemolechi

turn away from, to cause to; fdqmmi-
chi

turn back, to; afilimmi

turn back and forth, to; filehkachi

turn back at, to; afalama

turn back or about, to; falama

turn backwards and forwards, to;
Jilemoa

turn noses and lips, to; ibakpishinli

turn off, to; Jichapoli, Jichqbli

turn off, to cause to; fichqblichi

turn out, to; kuchichi

turn out of doors, to; aboha kuchichi

turn over, to; afilimmi, chanqUichi,
fileuiqt itola, ftlemoli, filimmi, fitilimnii,
lipeli, lipoli

turn over, to cause to; Jilimmichi

590

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

turn over and over, to; filcmoa
turn over back, to; afilema
turn over on the face, to; lipkachi
turn round, to; chqnaha, hqnnanuki
turn round, to cause to; Jilimmichi,

fololichi, folotolichi
turn sideways, to; naksi
turn sour, to; hauqshkochi
turn suddenly, to; Jiletakqchi
turn there, on, or over, to; amali
turn to, to; weli
turnup, to; apelulichi, bokusa, ibakchush-

lichi, lobbi, polomoa

turn up, to cause to; ibakchishinlichi
turn up by the roots, to; lobafa, lobqjji,

lobali, lopa
turn up the edge, to; ahalupa anukpi-

Hji

turncoat; f alamo, , filqmmi, i-ssa
turned; anukpilefa, anukpiloa, ashana,

ashqkqchi, homi, shanaia, shqna
turned away; Jllama, filamoa
tumed back; falama, falamoa, Jilema
turned down, pula
turned from, jilamoa
turned overj filemoa, fitilema, lipia,

lipkqchi

tumed round, filcma
turned up; apelua, ibakchushli
tumed up by the roots; lobafa, lobali
turner, fotoli
turning, Jilekachi

turning back; falama,falamaka,falamoa
turning back, to cause a; afilimmichi
turnip, tanip
turnip, wild; hichi
turnkey, ashqnnlchi
turpentine, tiak urn
turpitude, okpulo
turtle, a species of; wqlwa
turtle, loggerhead; hachotakni
turtle, sea; hachotakni okhqta ansha
turtle, soft-shelled; hqhca, wqlwa
turtle, striped-headed; luksi bashka
turtle dove, pqchi yoshoba
tusk; -itiht ifibbi, noti, noti isht itibi
tusk of an elephant, hatak lusa inyqn-

iiqsh noti i$ht itibbi

tutor; hatak ikhananchi, -nan ikhananchi
tutoress, ohoi/o Ikhananchi
twain, tuklo
twang, ola

twang, to; ola, olnrhi,
twelfth, ixht auahcliaj'a

twelve, auah tuklo

twentieth; i-sht pokoli, pokoli

twenty; pokoli

twenty times, pokoli

twice; atuklaha, hituklaha

twice, to do; hituklanchi, tuklochi

twig; bisali,fuli

twilight; okpolusbi, okshachobi

twilight, to become; okshachobi

twilight, to cause; okshachobichi

twin, haiyup

twin-born; haiyup qtta, ibaiqtta

twine; ponohonulla, ponokqllo

twine, to; afoli, ishi

twinge, to; hotupa, hotupali

twinkle, to; chqlhchakqchi

twinkle, to cause to; chqlhchakqchechi

twinkling, chqlhchakqchi

twins, haiyup

twirl, to; shanaiqchi, tonnoli, tonnolichi

twist; honula, pqna, shqna

twist, to; apinni, ashana, bochusa,

bochusqchi, honola, honula, okaloli,

shanaiqchi, shanaioli, shananchi, shaneli,

shqna, shqnachi, yinyikechi
twist of tobacco, hakchuma shqna
twist on or at, to; ashqnni
twist on, to cause to; ashqnnichi
twist round, to; apakshqnni
twist together, to; pqna, pqnni
twisted; apakshqna, ashana, ashakachi,

bochusa, chikisana, chikisanali, honula,

pqjia, shanaia, shanaioa, shqna
twister, honola
twisting, yinyild
twit, to; miha
twitch, halali
twitch, to; fullottokqchi, halali, lachqkat

ishi, yalqttakqchi, yullichi
twitching, yalqtha
twitter, to; yukpa
two; tuklo, tunklo
two, even; tuklona
two to do; tuklochi
two, to extend to; tuklona
two, to make; tuklo, tuklochi
two, to reach to; tuklona
two, to take; tuklochi
two-edged; halupa tuklo, itala^kla

halupa

two-edged knife, bqxhpo it<ihi'>kla ha/u/xi
two to go together, itiachi
two together; italukJo, itarhanaia
two-tongued, isunlqsh tuklo

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

591

twofold, inluhmi

type; holisso atoba, isht alhpisa, isht

inchunwa

tyrannical; kallo, palammi
tyrannize, to; isikkopalit pelichi
tyrant, palammichi

ubiquity, himona achafanlit kanima anla

udder, ipfoshik

ugly; aiukli, okpulo, pisa aiukli keyu,

pisa okpulo

ulcer; atta, chukfi nishkin, liahpo, lachowa
ulcer, an old; okchushba
ulcer in the throat, chakwa
ulcerate, to; lachowa, lachowqchi
ulcerated, lachowa
ulcerated bone,/om toshbi
ulcerous, lachowa laua
ulterior, misha

ultimate; isht aiopi, mishapilla
ultimately; isht aiopi, polanka
ululate, to; shakapa, tahbi
umbilicus, hatambish
umbrage, hoshontika
umbrageous; hoshontika, oklili
umbrella, isht ilehoshontikachi
unabated, shippa
unable, lauechi
unacceptable, achukma
unaccepted; i^shi, kanchi
unaccustomed, yohmi
unacquainted, ikhana
unadvisable; achukma keyu, alhpesa
unaffected, a^li
unaided, apela
unallowed, alhpesa
unalterable, inlahe keyu
unanimated, aiyimita
unanimity, imanukfila
unanimous, imanukfila achafa
unappalled, nukshopa
unapproved, alhpesa
unapt; achukma, alhpesa, ikhanahe keyu
unasked, asilhha
unassisted, apela
unattainable, ishahe keyu
unattended; ilap achafa, ilap bano
unawaked, okcha
unaware, ahni
unbacked, omanili keyu
unbaked, palaska
unbar, to; tuwi
unbecoming, _ alhpesa
unbegotten; bilia, ikbi
unbelief; na yimmi, yimmi

unbeliever, yimmi

unbend, to; apissalli

unbent; apissa, chasala

unbiased, kanimachi

unbidden, anoa

unbind, to; hotofi, hotolichi, litojffi, litoli

unblemished; aiokpuloka iksho, lusa

iksho

unblushing, hofah iksho
unboiled, honni
unbolt, to; tuwi
unborn; atta, himmak
unbosom, to; haiakat anoli
unbought, chumpa'
unbound; hotoli, talakchi
unbounded, ataha iksho
unbraided, shihachi
unbridle, to; shunfi
unbroken; kobafa, kostini, litoa
unbuckle, to; litojffi
unburden, to; fohachi
unburied, hollopi
unburnt; hollokmi, lua
unbutton, to; tali haksi mitiffi
uncalled; ano, i™hoa
uncandid, anli
unceasing, bilia
unceded, kanchi keyu
uncertain; aianli ikakostinincho , akosti-

ninchi, chishba, kaniohmi chishba
unchain, to; yuka issachi
unchangeable; inlahe keyu, shanaiahe

keyu

unchastised, fama
unchecked, olabbi
uncheerful, yukpa
unchopped, cha^ya

unchristian, aba anumpa ahalaia keyu
unchurch, to; aba anumpuli iksa kuchi
uncivil, hopoyuksa kei/u
uncivilized, hopoksia
uncle; anki, amoshi, hatak tinkba, imoshi
unclean; kashofa, okpulo
uncleanness, yoshoba
uncleansed, kashofa
unclinch, to; ibbak wattachi, wattachi
unclog, to; aisk'iachi
unclose, to; fafummi, tuwi
unclothe, to; shunfi
unclouded, masheli
uncloudy, hoshontika
uncocked, hika
uncoiled, chanaha
uncollected; fashi, itanaho

592

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

uncombed, shilla

uncomely, achukma

uncomfortable, achukma

uncommanded; ano, alhpesa

uncommon, yohmi

uncomplaining, nan ikmiho

uncompounded, ibafoka

unconcern; ahoba, nan ikimahobo

uncondemned, anumpa onutula

unconfined, talakchi

uncongealed, kalampi

unconnected, achaka

unconquerable, imaiya

unconquered, imaiya

unconscious; akostininchi, ikhana

unconsoled, hopola

unconstant; achunanchi, aiokpachi

unconsumed, okpulot iktaho

uncontrollable, nutaka iahe keyu

unconverted, itdat toba

uncork, to; katna

uncorrected, aiskia

uncorrupt, shua

uncounted, holhtena

uncouple, to; shunjl

uncouth; in la, sipokni

uncover, to; shunji

uncovered; shahb-i, shu"J'a

unction; ahama, ahammi, isht ahama

unctuous; bila, nm

uncultivated; atoksali, toksali

uncured, lakojji

undam, to; kinqffi

undaunted; nukshompiksho, nukwia ik
sho

undecayed; taha, toshbi

undeceive, to; haiakachi

undeceived, haiaka

undecided, akostininchi

undemolished, kinafa

undeniable, «"//, hishka

under; nuta, nutaka

under a hill, okkattahaka

under foot; 'ii/inuta, lohama, nutaka

underside, nutaka

underbrush; atanabli, shautra

undergarment; ilcfoka, na j'oka luinbo

undergird, to; akkasitefi.

undergo, to; -Hbax/ia, lopuUi.

underground, i/akni atmnkaka

underground, a burning; yakni <inu"-
kaka Ina

undergrowth, alanabll

underhand; I tuna, inakali

underlay, to; nutaka boli
undermine, to; akishtala kullit kinajfi,

nutaka yakni kulli
undermost, nutaka fehna
underneath, nutaka
underpin, to; intula boli
underpinning; chuka aiontala, intula
underrate, to; aiilli onanchi
understand, to; akostininchi, anuk-

fohka, ikhana, ikhana, imponna, nukfoka
understand, to cause to; nukfokachi
understand a book, to; holisso ithana
understanding; aiikhana, anukfohka,

ikhana, imanukjila, imponna, kostini
understanding of man, hatak imanukjila
undertake, to; ia
undertaker; hatak halalli, hatak tfiminko,

ilhtohno

undervalue, to; aiilli onanchi
undersigned, ahni
undesirable; ahni, anli
undetected, haiaka

undetermined; aehi, akostininchi, apesa
undignified, alhpesa
undirected, ano
undisciplined, kostini
undisguised, luma
undissembled; haiaka, luma keyu
undissembling, haiaka
undissolved; abila, alhkomo, bila
undistinguishable; akostininchahe keyu,

pisahe keyu

undisturbed, atakalam iksho
undivided; achafa, kasha pa
undo, to; akshuchi, litoffi, okpani
undone; alhtaha, okpulo
undoubted, aPli
undress, to; shunji
undressed, shunfa
undried, shila

undue; aialhtoba ikono kinsha, alhpesa
undulate, to; banakachi, fahakachi
unduly; atapa, alhpesa
unduteous, antia
undutiful, antia
unearned, asitabi
uneasiness; komunta, nukhammi
uneasy; komota, komunta
uneasy, to render; komuntachi
uneasy in nund, imanukjila komnnla
uneducated, holixso iktthano
unembarrassed; anuktuklo, alakalnin

iksho, nukwia iksho
unengaged; alhtuku kn/u, ilhtohno kci/u

BYIXGTOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOC TAW LANGUAGE

593

unenvied, nukkilli keyu

unequal; itilaui, itilaui iksho, laue,

lauechi

unequally, itilaui
unequivocal; apissanli, haiaka
uneven; bamboki, bombqki, chukashaya,

itilaui, pompokachi, pompoki, shikoiva
uneven, to make; bambqkichi
unexecuted, alhtaha
unexhausted, tali
unexpected, haksinchi
unexpectedly, haksint
unexpectedly, to arrive; haksint qla
unexpert, imponna
unexposed; haiaka, luma
unfaded, kashofa
unfading, kashofahe keyu
unfailing, tahahe keyu
unfair; anli, haksi
unfaithful, anli

unfashionable, aiyqmohmi keyu
unfasten, to; shunji, tutci
unfavorable, achukma
unfeared, nukshopa
unfeeling; anukfilli, imanukfila kqllo
unfeigned, anli
unfence, to; holihta okpqni
unfenced, holihta
unfertile, way a
unfetter, to; lito/i, shu^ji
unfettered; litofa, shunfa
unfinished, alhtaha
unfirm; kallo, liposhi
unfit, alhpesa
unfixed, aiqtta ikithano
unflinching, achillita
unfold, to; anoli, haiakqchi, tuici, watali,

watama, watammi, wqttqchi
unfolded; haiaka, tiwa, watama
unfortunate; imaleka, poafa, poya/o
unfound, haiaka
unfriended, kana
unfriendly, kana
unfruitful, way a
unfurl, to; icakama, irakamoa, wakamoli,

watali

unfurled; uxikama, wakamoa
unfurnish, to; ishi
unfurnished, ikimiksho
ungear, to; iceli
ungenerous; aiokpanchi keyu, nan inho-

litopa

ungenial, achukma
uiigenteel, qlhpcsa

,s4o:;u° -Bull. 40 — 15 ;!S

ungentle, kostini

ungird, to; mitij/i, shu^fi

ungodliness, Chihowa ikimantio

ungodly, Chihowa ikimantio

ungovernable; i/nantiahc kci/ti, koxtinahc
keyu, tasembo

ungoverned, kostini

ungranted; ima keyu, kanchi, kei/u

ungrateful; aiokpanchi, i/nahaksi

unguarded, ahah ahni

unguent, isht ahama

unhallowed, holitopa

unhandsome; aiukli, anli

unhandy, imponna

unhappily, ilbasha

unhappy; ilbashahe alhpesa, koinota,
komunta, yukpa

unhardened; kamassa, kallo

unharmed; nanakaniohmiiksho, okpulo,
okpulo isht inshat ia

unharness, to; weli

unhatched, hofalli

unhealthy; achukma, aiabeka

unheard, haklo

unhelped, apela

unhesitating, anuktuklo iksho

unhinge, to; i-shi, shunji

unholy; achukma, holitopa

unhonored, holitopa

unhorse, to; akkapila

unhouse, to; aboha kuchichi

unhumbled, chu^kash akkalusi keyu

unhurt, hotupa

unicorn, poa lapish achqj'a

uniform, mih

uniform (dress), tashka chipota ishtshcma

unimpaired, achukma moma

unimportant, nafehna keyu

unindebted, aheka iksho

uninformed; akostinincM, ikhana

uninhabitable, hatak aiqttahc keyu

uninhabited, aiokla

uninjured, okpulo

uninterested, ahalaia

unintermitted, bilia

uninterrupted, atakalam iksho

uninvited, a no

union; ibafoka, ibqlhkaha

unit, achqj'a

unite, to; achakqli, fohki, ibafoka, iba-
foki, itatuklo

unite, to cause one to; ibufokichi

unite with a class, clan, or denomi
nation, to; iksa ibafoka

594

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 4G

united, achaka, chukulbi, ibafoka
United States; ^filiki, Miliki yakni,

na hollo yakni
united to the church, aba anumpuli

ibafoka

unity; achafa, ibafoka
universal; moma, okluha
universalist, okcha^tja
universe, nana toba puta
un joint, to; ahokoj/i, hokojfi
un jointed; ahokofa, hokofa
unjust; achukma, anli
unkind; halhpansha iksho, kana
unkindness, kana
unknown; chishba, ikhana
unlaid, boll
unlawful, achaknia
unlearn, to; itnahaksi
unlearned; holisso ithana, imahaksi,

nan ikithano
unless; amba, kei/ukma
unlike, holba
unlikely, tokomi
unlimited, aiali iksho
unlink, to; litoli
unliquidated, chilofa
unload, to; fohobli, kuchi
unloaded; f oho pa, kucha
unloader, fohobli
unlock, to; liiri, tuwi
unlocked, tiica
unloose, to; titojji, litoli, mitefa, mite-

lichi, mitijji

unloosed; litofa, litofkachi
unlovely; achukma, hollohc keyu
unlucky; imaleka, poafa
unmade, toba
unmake, to; okpani
unman, to; hobak tobachi, ishi
unmanageable, kostinahe kei/u
unmanaged; ikhana, kostini
unmanly; hobak toba, inakall
unmannerly, hopoyuksa keyu
unmarked; aJini, ba*ha, lanfa
unmarried, a nay a

unmarried man, halak ohoi/o ikiiniksho
unmask, to; liaiakachi
unmeasured; alhj)cxa, laua
unmeditated, unukjilli
unmelted; alhkomo, bila
unmerciful, nnkha^klo ikfsho
unmerited, asitabi
unmilked, b isliahch i
unmindful; ahah ahtti, imahaksi

unmingled; aiyuma, anli, ibakaha

unmixed, ibakaha

unmolested, atakalam iksho

unmoved, kanalli

unnamed, hochifo iksho

unnatural; imanka, yohmi chatuk keyu

unnerve, to; kotachi

unnerved, kota

unnoticed, aiokpachi

unnumbered; aholhtina iksho, holhtena,

holhtina atapa

unoff ended; chu^kash ikhotopo, nukoa
unopened; fatoma, tiwa, wakammi
unowned; immi, impushnayo iksho
unpack, to; t-iabli
unpaid; alhchilofa, alhtoba. chilofa
unpalatable, kashaha
unpardonable; imahaksahe keyu, kasho-

fahe keyu

unpardoned; imahaksi, kashofa
impassable, lopullahe keyu
unpeaceable; banshkiksho, nukoa
unperceived; ahni, ikhana
unperforated; lukafa, lukali, lumpa
unpin, to; chufak ushi shueli
unpinned, chufak ushi shuekachi
unpitied, nukhanklo
unpleasant, achukma
unpleased, yukpa
unpliant; kamassa, iralohbi keyu
unplowed, patafa
unpopular, anonoica achukma keyu
unpracticed; ikhana, imponna
unprejudiced; imanukftla alhpesa, nuk-

tala keyu

unpremeditated; ahni, anukjiUituk keyu
unprepared; alhtaha, imalhpisa
unprincipled; haksi, imanukfda achafa

keyu
unprofitable; achukma, aiisht 'ilapisahc

key u

unprovided, imalhpisa
unprovoked, nukoa
unpublished; anoa, haiaka
unpunished, fa ma
unqualified; imalhpisa, ona
unquenchable, ?nosholahe kei/u
unransomed, lakojji
unravel, to; haiakachi, linfa, mi!elichi\

shell, shinfa, shinji, shinf kuchi, shiha,,

shoeli

unraveled; Unfa, shinf a, shifkarhi, shiha
unravels, one w^ho; shitlji
unreached, ona

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

595

unread; holisso ikithano, pisa
unreadiness, imqlhtaha
unready; alhtaha, imalhpisa
unreasonable, alhpesa
unreceived, inshi
unreconciled, hopola
unrecoverable; ishitfohki, lakoffahe keyu
unrecovered, lakoffi
unredeemed, lakoffi
unreformed; hopoyuksa, Icostini
unregarded, aiokpachi
unregenerate, himmona iktobo
unrelated; iksa keyu, isht atiaka keyu
unrelenting; kallo, nukhanklo iksho
unrelieved; lakoffi, nuktqla
unremembered; ikhana, imahaksi
unremitted; bilia, kashofa
unremoved, kanalli
unrenewed, himmona iktobo
unrepaid; alhtoba, falgmmint qlhtoba
unrepealed, kashofa
unrepentant, nukhanklo
unreserved; ilatoba, luhmi keyu, mo-

minchi

unresisted, atakalam iksho
unrespected, aiokpachi
unrewarded, qlhtoba
unrighteous, achukma
unripe; lakna, nuna, okehanki
unroll, to; tuwi
unroof, to; tiabli
unruffled; chulosa, nuktqJa
unruly; haksi, isht qfckommi
unsaddle, tofishi
unsaddled, isuba umpatalhpo akqma
unsafe, imaleka hinla
unsaid, achi
unsalted, hqpi yqmmi
unsatisfied, fihopa
unscattered, jrmimpa
unschooled, holisso ikithano
unscorched; anakshon/a, anakshua
unscrew, to; tali shqna shunji
unseal, to; mitelichi. miti/i
unsealed; kamgssa, tiwa
unsearchable; luma, pisahe keyu
unseasonable, alhpesa
unseasoned; hqpiyqnimi, kallo, kqshaha,

shila

unseated, binili
unseemly, alhpesa
unseen: luma, pisa
unsettle, to; kinqffi, kanqllichi
unsettled; at da, binili

unshackle, to; litoffi,

unshaded, hoshontika

unshaken; ilhkoli, kamqssa, kallo

unshamed, ho/ah iksho

unsheath, to; shvflfi

unshed; boyafa, latapa

unship, to; kuchi

unshot; nqla, okshillita, tukafa

unskilled, imponna

unsmooth, itilaui

unsocial, anumpuli

unsoiled, lusa

unsold, kanchi keyu

unsolicited, asilhha

unsohd, kallo

unsought, hoyo

unsound; abeka, anli, kallo

unsowed, jlma

unsown, fima

unsparing; ilatomba keyu, nukhanklo

iksho

unspent, tali
unspilt, latapa
unspoiled; okpulo, wehpoa
unspotted; kashofa, lusa
unstable; anli, imanukfila apissanli keyu,

kallo

unstaid, imanukfila achqfa keyu
unsteady; ilaiyuka takoli shall, inla shali
unstop, to; shunfi, tuwi
unstopped; shunfa, tiwa
unstored, boli
unstrained; holuya, lumasi
unstring, to; litoffi, mitiffi, shunfi
unstudied, anukfilli
unsubdued; imaiya, Icostini
unsuccessful, aianli
unsuitable; alhpesa, imanka
unsuited, alhpesa
unsullied, lusa
unsung; alhtalwa, taloa
unsunned, holufka
unsupplied; alhtaha, imalhpisa
unsupported, apela
unsuspected, ahni
untainted; okpulo, shua
untaken; hokli, i^shi
untamable; hopoyuksahe keyu, kostinahe

keyu

untamed; honayo, hopoyuksa
untasted; qpa. ishkot ikpeso
untaught; holisso ithana, ikhana
unteachable, ikhqnahe keyu
unthankful; aiokpanchi, aiokpanchi keyu

59(5

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

unthawed, bila

unthinking; ahni, anukfilli

untie, to; hoto/i, hotolichi, litoa, litofa,

litoj/i, litofkachi, litoli, mitefa, mitelichi,

mitiffi

untie, to cause to; litoj/ichi, litolichi
untied; hotoli, litofa, litofkachi, litoha,

mitefa, miteli
until; aiqli, takla, tankla
untimely, aiona
untirable, tlkabi
unto, aiqli
untold, anoa
untouched, potoli
untoward, kostini
un traveled; anowa, nowa
untried; momaka ikpeso, pisa
untrodden, anowa
untroubled, atakalam iksho
untrue; anli, holabi
untruly; anli, holabi
untruth; anli, holabi
untwine, to; fatummi
unusual, yohmifehna keyu
unutterable, anoli
unvalued; aiilli atqpa, holitobli keyu,

holitopa atapa

unviolated; kobafa, okpulo
unwarped; chasaloha, chasqla
unwary, ahah ahni
unwashed, kashofa
unwashen, achefa

unwealthy; holitopa, imilayak ikfauo
unwearied; achunanchi, tikabi
unweighed; u-cki, wekichi
unwelcome, aiokpanchi
unwell; abeka, nipi ikinchukmo
unwept, yaiya
unwholesome, achukma
unwieldy; chito, wcki
unwilling; ahni, banna, haklo, Uafoa
unwind, to; hotoji, litofa, litojfi, litoha,

litoli

unwise; hopoyuksu, kostini
unwittingly, ikitlunio
unwomanly, ohoyo kcyu chohini
unwonted; achat/a, inla,yohm ichatuk kci/a
unworthy; achukma, ahoba
unwound; litofa, lilofkqrhi
unwounded; bqsha, cha^ya, rfm»kqnh

ikhotopo, nqla
unwritten; hoi two. fa11 fa
unyielding; bikota kci/u, i/afoa, nutuka

tahc ku/a

unyoke, to; ikorddbana imaiishi

up, aba

upbraid, to; niiha, mihachi

uphold, to; halqlli

upholder, halqlli

upland, nqnihfoka

uplift, to; aba takalichi

upon; on, on, um

upper, chaha inshali

uppermost, chaha i^shaht tali

upright; anli, apissanli

uprightly, apissanlit

uproar; shakapa, yahapa

upset, to; filimmi, kinqj/i

upshot; aiqli, isht aiopi

upstart, tunshpat holitopa toba

upstream, ibetqp

upward; aba imma, aba pila, aba pilla,
imma

urbane; nuktanla, yohbi

urchin, alia haksi

urethra, hoshunwa aminli

urgent, chilita

urinate, to; hoshunwa

urine, hoshunwa

us; hqpi, hqpin, hqpim, hqpin, hqpishno,
Ice, keho, kil, kiloh, pi, pin, pimy piUj
pishno

use, isht qtta

use, to; qtta, nana kanihchi

used; lipa, taha

useful, achukma

useless, ahoba

usher, holisso pisachi

usual; atak, chokqmo

usually; atak, beka, chatok, chatuk, cho
kqmo, kc, tak

usually so, chatok

utensil, isht tonksqli

utmost; aiqli, isht aiopi

utter, misha

utter, to; achi, anoli, anumpuli, mifia

utterable, anumpa hinla

utterance, anumpa

uttered, anumpa

utterly; qniohnii, bano, mo mint

uttermost; isht aiopi, moniint

uttermost, to do the; kanchi

uttermost part of, asetilli

vacancy, shahbi

vacant; c/iuki/fissa, iksho, kana. iksho,

nana iksho, shahbi
vacant house, chukillism
vacate, to; akshuchi, issa. kashoj/ichi

BYINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CI10CTAW LAXdUACJE

597

vacated; aksho, issa, kashofa
vacation; akshuchi, foha, holi^so apisa

dkucha

vaccinate, to; ikhinsh shakbafohki
vaccinated, ikhinsh shakbafohka
vaccine matter, talona
vacillate, to; faiokqchi, fall, imanukjila

ilaiyuka

vacillation, faiokqchi
vagabond; aiqtta iksho, chuka abaiya,

chuka pulalit any a, chukbaiyqchi
vagabond, to act the; chukbaiyqchi
vagrant; aiqtta iksho, chuka abaiya, chuk
baiyqchi, nana silhha
vagrant, to act as a; chuka abaiyqchi
vague; apissali, haiaka
vain; ahoba, anli, fehnqchi, ilefehnqchi
vainly, ilahobbi
vale; kolokbi, okfa
valediction; aiokpqchi, isht aiopi aiokpa-

chi

valet, tishu
valiant; aiyimita, kqllo, nakni, nukiria

iksho

valid; achukma, anli, kqllo, lampko
valley, okfa

valley, a deep; kolokbi, kolokobi
valley, a level; patasqchi
valley, a wide; okfa maiha
valor; kqllo, nukwia iksho
valorous, nukivia iksho
valuable, holitopa
value; aiilli, qlhtoba, holitopa, iqlli
value, to; aiilli onuchi, aiillichi, qlbichi,

holissochi, hotina, inhollo
valued; aiilli, qlbi, holhtena, holitopa
van; itikba, tikba
Vandyke, ikonla umpqtta, na foka ilum-

patali, nafoka umpqtta
vane, mali isht ikhqna
vanish, to; kqnia, mosholi
vanity; anli, fehnqchi, ilefehnqchi, nana

keyu

vanquish, to; imaiyqchi
vanquisher, imaiyqchi
vantage, imaiya
vapid; ikhomoki taha, illi
vapor, oktohbi

vapor, to; ilauata, kijUli, oktohbi
vaporer, ilauata
variable; ilaiyuka takoli shall, inla hinla,

shanaioa

variance; inla toba, itachoa
variation, inla toba

variegated, bakoku^kachi

variety; ilaiyuka, nan isht aiyukpahe

kei/u
various; ilabinka, ilaiyuka, ilait/ukali,

kanohmi

various- to make; ilaiyukachi
varnish, to; mqlmakqchechi
varnishing, isht qlhkoha
vary, to; achotca, ilaiyukachi, inla, inlq-

chi

vassal, yuka
vassalage, yuka a^sha
vast; chito, hocheto
vastness, chito
vat; aiqlhto, iti honni aiqlhto, iti isht honni

aiqlhto, itombi aiqlhto, oka aiqlhto
vat, tan; ahumma, ahummqchi
vault, ahollohpi

vault, to; tolupli, toluplit ivakaya, tulli
vaunt, to; ilauata
vaunter, ilauata
veal, ivak ushi nipi
veer, to; jilema, filemqchi, fdemoa, fite-

kqchi, Jitiha, fititekqchi
vegetable; haiyunkpulo, na holokchi
vegetate, to; offo
vegetation; alba, nan offo
vehicle, ashali

veil; na hqta, nashuka isht umpoholmo
veil, to; luhmi, umpohomo
veiled, umpoholmo
vein; akshish, bachaya, hakshish, issish

akshish, issish inhina
vein, a big; hakshish chito
velocity; pqlhki, shinimpa
venal; chumpa hinla, haksi
vend, to; kanchi
vender, kanchi
vendible, kancha hinla
vendue, kanchi
venerable, holitopa
venerate, to; holissochi
venerated, holitopa
veneration, shakba lumpli
venereal disease; luak shall, yukbqbi
venesection; iss'ish inhina lumpli, issish

inkuchi

vengeance; nukoa, okha
vengeance, to take; okha
venial, kashofa hinla
venison, isi nipi
venison, dried; chohpa
venom, isht illi
venom, to; isht illi ipeta

598

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

venomous temper, chunkash homi

vent; chiluk, kanchi, kucha

vent, to; anoli, kuchi

vent of firearms, haksun chiluk

venter, ushatto

ventilate, to; malichi

venture, to; amoshuli, kali, nukwia

iksho, yamm ak fokalechi
venturesome, yammak fokali
Venus, fichik chito
veracity, aianli

veranda; aboha apishia, aboha hoshontika
verbal, anumpa
verbally, anumpa
verbose, anumpa laua
verdant, okchamali
verdigris, okchamali
verdure, okchamali
verge, ali

verge, to; mahaia, many a
verified, anli

verify, to; aia^lichi, anlichi
verily; anli, anli hon, anli makon
verity, anli
vermes, shu^shi
vermifuge; ikhinsh shunsh isht qbi,

lapchu abi
vennilion; lukfi humma, na humma, tishi

humma

vermin; poa, poa ushi
vernal, toff ah pi
versatile, ilaiyuka hinla
verse; anumpa, anumpa atatoa
versed, imponna
version, toshoa
vertebra; innosishboya, nali foni aiitq-

chaka

vertex; nushkobo, tabokaka
vertical, tabokoa
vertigo, chukfoloha
very; afehna, fehna, filinka, tanpi, tokba,

toniba

very, that; fchnakma
very close by; oJanlisi, olanusi
very much, tokba
very near; clickusi, olanlisi
very near, to cause to be; olanlisichi
vesicate, to; inilhkochi
vesicated, wulhko
vesicle, n-ulhko
Vesper, Jichik chito
vespers; oklilahp-i, okpolusbi
vessel; aialbiha, ainlhto, anipo, pcni, chito
vessel, a small earthen; ahntushi

vessel for boiling, alabocha

vessel used for cooking meat, nipi

ahoni
vest; ilefoka yushkololi, kolokshi, 7iafoka

kolukshi

vest, to; fohkachi, ilakshema, ishi
vestal, kostini
vested, fohka
vestibule, okhisa
vestige; aio™hikia, iyi
vestment, na fohka
vesture, na fohka
veteran; aiimomachi, sipokni, tashka

sepokni

vex, to; nukoa, nukoachi
vexation; isht nukoa, nukoa, nukoachi
vexatious; isht atakalama chito, komota
vexed; aiokpuloka, hashanya, nukoa,

komota

vial, kotobushi
viand; ilhpak, ilimpa
vibrate, to; fahakachechi, fahakachi,

fahali, fahalichi, fahata, fahatachi
vibrated; fahakachi, fahali, fahata
vibration; fahakachi, fahata
vicarious, alhtoba
vice, nana achukma
vice-agent, imanumpeshi
vicegerent; alhtobat atta, kapitani iak-

aiya

vicinage, bilfoka
vicinity, bilinka
vicious; haksi, okpulo, yoshoba
victor, imaiya
victorious, imaiya
victory, imaiya
victual, to; pinak imatali
victualled, pinak imaltaha
victualler, pinak imatali
victuals; holhponi, honni, ilhpak, ilimpa,

inipa, labocha, na holhponi, nan ilhpak,

nan ilimpa
vie, to; imaiya
view; apisaka, apisali, imanukfda, nish-

kin, pisa

view, to; anuk/illi, hoponkoyo, y>/,sa
viewer, pisa

vigil; apistikcli, ninak aba nit anumpuli
vigilance; apistikcli, okcha
vigilant; ahah ahni, apistikcli, okcha
vigor; kallo, kilimpi
vigorous; kaniassa, kallo
vile; aknanka, chakapa, liakxi, okpulo
vile language; anuinjxi oknnlo, chakapa

BYI \C;TOX]

A DICTIONARY OF THE C1IOCTAW LANGUAGE

599

vilely, okpulo

vilely, to act; haksi

vileness, okpulo

vilify, to; chakapa, isht yopula, okpani

villa, tamahushi

village; lukoli, tgmaha

village, small; tamahushi

villain; haksichi, hatak haksi, na haksi

villainous, haksi

vincible, imaiya hinla

vindicate, to; anumpuli

vindictive; nukoa, nukoa shall

vine, a; api, balglli, pa^kapi

vine, a species of; chukfi imaseta,

kauehto

vinegar, oka haugshko
vineyard, pankgpi aholokchi
viol, altpa chito

violate, to; hoklit aiissa, kobgjfi, okpani
violated, okpulo

violator; hoklit aiissa, kobaffi, okpani
violence; kallo, nan okpulo
violent; kallo, palgmmi
viper; chukfitohtololi, sinti chilita, sinti

okpulo

virago, ohoyo chito
virgin; anli, himmona, kostini
virgin, a; ohoyo hatak ikhalelo, ohoyo

himmita
virtue; achukma, aianli, anli, kallo,

lampko

virtuous; achukma, glhpesali, kostini
virulent; homifehna, isht illi okpulo
virus; isht illi, okchushba
visage, nashuka
viscera, iskuna
viscerate, to; iskuna kuchi
viscid, likaha
vise, isht kiselichi
visible; haiaka, kucha, pisa hinla
visible, hardly; yauinyaui
vision; apisaka, nan inla, pisa
visit; innoica, nova, pisa
visit, to; ani/a, innouxi, nowa, pisa
visitor, innoira
vital, aiokchanya
vitality, aiokchanya
vitals; aiisht aiokchaya, shilukpa
vitals, diseased; shilukpa lachowa
vitiate, to; okpani
vitiated, okpulo
vivacious, okcha
vivacity, okcha
vivid; okcha, shohkalali

vivificate, to; okchalechi

vivified, yimmita

vivify, to; okchalechi

vocal, itakha

vocation, imalhtayak

vociferate, to; panya, tahpala

voice; anumpa, anumpuli, inianukjila,

itakha

void; iksho, shahbi
void, to; ma, kuchi
voidable, akshucha hinla
voided, kucha
vogue, aiyamohmi
volant; heli, hika
volatile; hika, okcha
volcano, yakni anunkaka lua
volition, ahni
volley, tukali
voluble, anumpuli shall
volume, holisso

voluntary; ilap ahni, ilap ahni yamohini
volunteer, to; ilap ahni
voluptuary, isikopa shall
vomit; hoeta, hoetachi, ikhi'lsh ishkof Jioita
vomit, to; hoeta, hohoetachi, okiftsa
vomit, to cause to; hoetachi
vomit continually, to; hohocta
vomiting; hoeta, hohoeta
voracious; impa aiyimita, impafena
vortex, okafoyulli
vote; anumpa, atokoli, holisso
voted, alhtoka
voter, atokoli

vouch, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchi cha ia
vouchsafe, to; ome ahni
vow, anumpa kallo onutula
vow, to; anumpa kallo ilonuchi cha ia
vow of revenge, ilaiukha
voyage at sea, okhata chito anya
voyager, okhata chito anya
vulgar; chakapa, makali, okpulo
vulgar, the; okla makali
vulgarity; aiyamohmi makali, makali
vulnerable, nala hinla
vulture, sheki chito

wabble, to; shanaioa

wad; isht qlhkqma, isht oktapa

wadding; cilhpitta, isht impgtta, naki

impatglhpo

waddle, to; koiakqchi, shaioksholi
wade, to; anotra, okokanowa
wade a river, to; okhina akka iioirgt

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

f iU'LL. 40

wade in the water, to; oka noira

wader, okokc.noira

wading, oka nou~a

wafer; holisso isht akamassa, holisso isht

akqllo, holisso isht ashana, holisso isht

qlhkqma

waft, to; anya, aba anya, aba isht anya
wag1, hatak yopula
wag, to; kqnia, onchasanakli
wag the head, to; akkachunni, akka-

chunochunli
wage, to; anta, kali
wager; bolt, kaha, kali
wager, to; kali
wager, to accept a; aseta
wagered, kaha
wages; qlhtoba, nan qlhtoba
waggish, itakhapuli shall
wagon; iti chanalli, iti chqnaha
wagon, to; iti chanalli. ashali, iti chqnaha

isht anya, iti chqnaha isht shall
wagon, hand; iti chanqllushi
wagon, small; iti chanqllushi, iti chqnaha

iskitini, iti chqnaha ushi
wagon body, iti chanalli haknip
wagon cover, id, chqnaha umpoholmo
wagon load, iti chqnaha alota
wagon maker, iti chqnaha ikbi
wagon road; hina chito, hina pqtha, iti

chanalli inhina, iti chqnaha inhina
wagoner, iti chqnaha isht a™ya
wagonful, iti chqnaha alota
wail, yaiya

wail, to; nukhanJdo, yaiya
wailing, yaiya
waist, i(fi(ka

waistband, iffuka apakfopa
waistcoat; He/oka yushkololi, na foka

kolukshi
wait, to; anta, anukcheto, hoyo, hoyot,

an (a, nan inhoyqt anya
wait in secret, to; luniqt chini/a
waiter; kqfaiishko ataloha, kqfaiontala,

tishu

waive, to; ma
wake, to; oMm, okrhqli
wakeful, okcha
wakefulness, okcha
waken, to; ok<-hqli
wakened, okcha
wakener, okcha I i
waker, okchqli
\valk; iinoirti. It ina, noira
walk, to; <iL-1:tm<>ir<i, noim. iion'achi

walk, to be able to; hikia toba

walk about, to; hikikina

walk fast, to; chali, tunshpqt no tea

walk fast, to cause to; chalichi

walk in the water, to; oka nowa

walk like another, to; hobachit nowa

walk over, to; qbanopoli

walk proudly, to; fehnqchi

walk slow^ly and softly, to; yqppqlli

walk through, to; lopuUi

walk with, to; ibanowa

walk with, to cause to; ibanoivachi

walk with short steps, to; tulolichi

walker; hikikina, nowa

walking, nowa

walking stick, tqbi

wall, tali holihta

wall, to; tali holihta ikbi, tali holihta isht

apakfobli, tali isht holihtqchi
wall-eyed; nishkin oktalonli, nishkin

okwalonli

walled, tali holihta isht apakfopa
waller, tali holihta ikbi
wallet; bahta, bahtushi, shukcha
wallop, to; walqlli
wallow, to; okashalayi, shalali, tononoli,

yupi

wallo\ving place, ayupi
walnut; hqhe, uksak hahe
walnut tree, hahe qpi
wampum, oksup
wan, hanta
wand, full
wander, to; chuka abaiya, fuUokqchi,

himak, fokalechit anya, himakfokalit anya,

itamoa, naksikam, tqmoa
wandered, tqmoa.
wanderer; folota, yoshoba
wandering; aiyoshoba, folota, hitnak

fokalcchi

wane, to; kanchi, laua
wanness, liatita
want, to; bait/ana, bqnna, iksho, hum,

ona

wantage, iksho
wanting; hat in a, iksho
wanton; haksi, Jiaui, haul, anukfoyuka,

yopula shall, yoshoba
wanton, to; folota, haksi, ifunn/li,

•icasholta, yopn/tt
war; ilofi, tanampi, tqnqp
war, secretary of; tqnqp anninpuli
war, to; tanain/)i, f<in<i/> isJif qshivanchi
war chief, Jiopaii

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

war club, iti tapena

war dance, panshi isht hi la

war dancer, panshi isht hila

war office, tanap anumpuli aiasha

war prophet, hopaii

war song, atglwgchi

war whoop; hopatuloa, kohunachi, panya

war worn, tanap anya tikambi

war-beaten, tanap anya tikambi

warble, taloa

warble, to; taloa

warbler, taloa

ward; aboha kgllo, apistikeli, holihta kgllo

ward, to; apistikeli

warden, apistikeli

warder, apistikeli

Wff.rdrobe; nafohka, nafoka aiasha

wares; alhpoyak, ilanyak, irnilayak, nan

alhpoyak
warfare, tanap
warily, ahah ahni
warlike; hoyopa, tanap holba
warm; alohbi, alohbi, lahba, Igshpa,

libesha, pglli
warm, to; alohbichi, Igshpgchi, Igshpgli,

libisha, libishli, lahbgchi, likema, like-

m.gchi, likimmi, nuklibisha, nukhbishli
warm, to cause to be; alolichi
warm by the sun, to; hashi inni, hashi

libisha

warm climate, alqshpaka
warm over, to; hokbali
warmed; alohbi, lahba, lash pa, libisha,

nuklibisha
warmth; alohbi, lahba, Iqshpa, libesha

nuklibisha

warn, to; anoli, atohno, miha
warned; anoa, anumpa
warp, to; bochusa, bochusgchi, bokusa,

chasalohgchi, chasgla, chasglachi, pqsha-

noha

warp, to cause to; bokusgchi
warp of cloth, gpi
warped; bochusa, bokusa, chasaloha,

chasg la

warped up. passalohah
warping1 bars; ahotachi, ponoJa ahotachi,

ponola hulhtuj'a
warrant, holisso
warrant, to; aiokpgchi, anlichi, atokoli,

tohno
warrior; nnkni, nakni tgshka, tgngp,

tgshka
•warrior ess, ohoi/o tgshkn

wart; chilakchawa, shilukwa

w^ary, ahah ahni

was; atok, atuk, hatuk, hok, kg/no, tok,

tuk, tukafok

was about to be, chintok, rhintuk
was to be; achintok, achintuk
wash, ahchifa
wash, to; achefa, ahchifa, aieli, aielifhi,

aiokaini, kashoffi, okami, okamichi, </u/>i
wash bowl; aiokami, ampo aiachefa
wash place, aiachefa
wash room, aboha nan aiachefa
wash the hands, to; ibgchifa, -ibbak

achefa

washed; achefa, aieha, glhchefa, glhchifa
washed bright, okshauanli
washed clean, okshauanli
washtub; aiachefa, nan aiachefa
washwoman; nan achefa, nan achefa

ohoyo, ohoyo nan achefa
wasp, a large; tekhanto
wasp, a large yellow; chanashik
wasp, a small yellow; yaknifoi, yak in

foishke

wasp, a yellow-striped; koafabi
waspish, nukoa shall
waste; ahoba, chukillissa, isht yapomo,

okpulo
waste, to; chunngt ia, isht yopomo,

kanchi, okpgni, yukoma
waste paper, holisso okpulo
waste time, to; nitak isht yopomo
wasted; isht yopomo, okpulo, shulla
wasteful; isht yopomo shali. isht yopula
waster; isht yopomo, isht yupomo
watch; apistikeli, atom, nam potoni,

nusi, okcha, potoni

watch (timepiece), hashi isht ikhgna
watch, to; ahinna, aiihchi, apistikeli,

atohni, atoni, hoponkoyo, hoyo, okcha,

potoni

watch, to cause to; apistikelicJii
watch crows, to; fala atoni
watch maker, hashi isht ithgna ikbi
watch of the night, isht glhpisa
watch pocket, hashi isht ikhgna i"shuk-

cha

watch the sick, to; abeka apistikeli
watcher; abeka apistikeli, ahinna, apixli-

kcli
watchful; ahah ahni, apistikeli, hopon-

koyo shaU
watchhouse, (tj)istikeli <tltil;'ui

602

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

water; fichak, oka, okchi, okchushba.

okhqta

water, astringent; oka takba
water, bitter; oka takba
water, cold; oka kapassa
water, cool; oka kapassa
water, deep; okshdkla
water, fresh; oka kapassa
water, high; okchito, okshakla
water, hot; oka I ash pa
water, lukewarm; oka lahba
water, tepid; oka lahba
water, to; bqnna, Iqchali, oka ipeta, oka

toba, okqchi

water, to be in; oka hi^ka
water, warm; oka libesha
water bucket, oka isht ochi
water edge; oka qli, oka ont alaka, oka

sita

water flood, okchito
water mill, oka lanch afotoha
water pail, isht ochi
water trough, iti oka aiyanalli
water vessel, oka alhto
water wheel, iti chqnaha
watercourse, okhina
waterfall; kihcpa, oka pitafohopa, oka

pitakinafa

water-furrow, oka ai/anqlli
waterfowl, oka hushi
watering place, aiishko
water-man, pcni isht qtta
watermelon, shukshi
watermelon, the core of a; shukshi

ikfuka, shukshi nipi

watermelon seed, shukshi nipi pehna
waterpot; isht ochi, oka alhto, oka isht

ochi

waterproof, bichillahe key it
waterside, oka lapallka
watery; oka holba, oka toba, okchauwi,

okchaioaha
wattle, full
wattle, to; fqna
wattled, /anna
wattles of a hen; aka^k chaka, aka»k

impqsha

waul, to; irolta, //ti'i/r/i
wave; banqthu, banakarhi-, banatboa. oka

banatha, oka hana»>/(i. ptticfi, iri.idllakachi
wave, a high; poakachi.
wave, made to; puikarhi

wave, to; banatboa, banatha. fahakachi,

fahali, fahalichi, faiokachi, fall, fatali,

oka banathat a^ya, oka p'iakachi, oka

poakachi, paieli, paiokachi, piakachi,

wisakachi
wave, to cause the water to; banqt-

bohqchi, banqthqchi, faioli, fatalichi,

paiolichi

wave and bend, to; wishaha
wave backward and forward, to

cause to; folotowachi
wave high, to; poakachi
wave in small waves, to; oka wisakachi
wave the hand, to; fall
wave the head, to; akkachunni, akka-

chunochunli

waved; faha, fahakachi, fahali, paiokachi
waver, icqnnichi
wavering, imanukfila achqfa keyu
waves, to cause; paielichi
waving; faiokachi, paieli
waving in the wind, fataha
wax; foe hakmi, foe inlakna, litilli
wax, shoemaker's; ti-ak nia kqllo
wax, to; ivshaht ia, i^shali
wax of the ear, haksobish litilli
wax tree, hika
way; aiimqlhpesa, aiyqmohmi, atanya,

atia, hina, katiohmi, yqmohmi, yohmi
way, a broad; hina chito
way, after such a; yohmi
way, out of the; yoshoba
way, that; yqmma
way, this; yakohmika, yohmi
way, to be on the; wihat anya
way maker, hina ikbi
way mark, iti tila
way of peace, hina hanta
way to, imma

wayfarer, hatak nowqt anya
wayfaring, notrqt anya
•wayward, ilapunla
we, c, e.ho, hqpi, hqpia hqpishno, il, ilo,

kc, kcho, kit, pi, pia, pishno
weak; hoini, kqllo, kola, tikab-i, vahinchi
weak, to render; kotachi
weak and trembling, ilapissa
weaken, to; homtrhi, kqllochi, kotachi,

tikabichi

weakened; kota, tikabi
weakly, kqllo
weakness; kqllo, kota, tikabi

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONAEY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

weal, achukma

wealth, nan inlaua

wealthy; imilayak chito, nan inlaua

wean, to; pishi issachi

wean the affections, to; chu^kash

shanaiachi
weaned, imahaksi
weapon; isht itibbi, na halupa, nan isht

itibbi

wear, isht oktapa

wear, to; lipli, pikoffi, tikabi, tikdbichi
wear a turban, to; ialipa
wear out, to; lipachi, liposhichi, tahatia
wearied; ataha, hoyabli, intakobi, komota,

komunta

wearied with, aiintakobi
weariness; komunta, tikabi
wearisome, ahchiba
weary; hoyabli, tikabi
weary, to; ahchibali, fomoli, hoyablichi,

in takobichi, tikdbichi
weary with, to; aiintakobichi
weather; kocha, kucha
weather, to; achunanchi, lopulli
weathercock, mali isht ikhana
weatherwise, kuchapisa imponna
weave, to; tanaffo, tana
weaver; nan tanna, tana
web; nan tanna, tanna
wed, to; auaya
wedded, auaya
wedding-; ohoyo ipetachi, ohoyo itihalalli-

chi

wedding day, auaya, nitak aiitauaya
•wedding feast, auaya
wedge; holi, isht pqla
wedge, a wooden; iti isht pala
wedge, an iron; tiak isht pala
wedge, to; iti isht pala, shamallichi
wedlock, auaya
weed; alba, haiyunkpulo, nan lusa isht

tabashi

weed, a black; polu^sak
weed, a certain; bisakchula, hakonlo,

kanumpa, panshtali, shalintakoba, shilu-

kafama, tala, tapintapi, tiak inpalammi
weed, to; aleli, leli
weed that dyes black, poafachi
weed used in dyeing red, pishaiyik,

pishkak, pishuk
weeded; alia, lia
weeder; aleli, leli
week; nitak hollo, ivik
week day, nitak inla

weekly, nitak hollo achafakma

weep, to; nishkin okchi, nishkin okchi

minti, nukhanklo, wilanli, yaiya
weeper, yaiya

weeping, nishkin okchiyanalli
weevil, hapalak
weevil-eaten; shakbona, shilunka, shi-

lunkachi
weft, tanna
weigh, to; anukfilli, aba isht ia, weki,

weki itilaui, vjekichi
weigh alike, to cause to; weki itilau-

ichi

weighed, weki
weigher, wekichi
weight; na weki, tali isht weki, tali uski,

weki

weight, being of equal; weki itilaui
weight, to be of equal; weki itilauichi
weighty, weki
welcome, aiokpanchi
welcome, to; aiokpachi
weld, to; achakali, aiitachakalli
welded; achaka, alhchaka, alhchakoa
welfare, achukma ansha
well; achukma, achukma ansha, achuk-

manka, achukmat, alhpesa, chukma,fehna,

hochukmat, imponna, yamma
well! (excl.); aume, inta, okinta, ome,

omikato, omishke
well, a; kali, kali hofobi
well, it may be; omiha
well, to do; achukma, hochukma
well, to look; ilafia
well curb, kali aholihta
well done, alhpesa
well rope, aseta isht ochi
well water, kali oka
well-disposed, hopoksia
well-fed, kaiya

well known; anoa, ikhana achukma
well-natured, yukpa
well-nigh; he, naha
welt, afohoma
welt, to; afohommi
welted, afohoma
welter, to; okatonoli, yupi
wen, shatohpa

wench; hatak lusa haui, ohoyo haui
west; hashi aiitolaka, hasih aiokatula,

hashi aiokatula, hashi aopiaka
west, to or at the; hashi aiokatula pilla
western; hashi aiokatula, hashi aiokatula

pilla

004

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 40

westward; hashi aiokatula, hashi aioka-
tula imma, hashi aiokatula pila

wet; hokulbi, lacha, oka, oklanshko

wet, a little; okyohbi

wet, to; lachali, okkachi, oklanshkochi

wet weather, kucha umba

wet with the dew, onshichakmo

wetness, lacha

wetted, lacha

whale, nani chito

whahng, aj'aina

what; hacha, katih, katimakakosh , kati
ohmi, kat, kata, nana, nanta, nantami,
nantihmi

what for; na katimi, nantami

what is the matter, na katimiho

what is the reason, na katimiho

what kind, of; katiohmi

what manner, in; katiohmi

what number, katohmi

what time, about; katiohmi

whatever, nana kia

whatsoever; nana hon, nana kia

wheat; onush, tiliko

wheat barn, onush aiasha

wheat bread, tiliko palaska

wheat cake, tiliko palaska iskatini

wheat chaff, onush haklupish

wheat fan, onush amalichi

wheat flour; onush bota, tiliko bota

wheat harvest, onush almo

wheat stalk, onush api

wheedle, to; yimmichi

wheel; chanalli, chanaha, iti chanaha, iti
kaldha, kalaha

wheel, a truck; iti kalaha chanalli

wheel, to; chanallichi, chgnaha,folota

wheel band, ahonola isht talakchi

wheelbarrow; iti chanallushi, itichanaha
iskitini, iti chanaha ushi

wheelwright, iti chanaha ikbi

wheeze, to; chitotjiopa

whehn, to; oklobushlichi, oklubbichi

whelmed; oklobushli, oklubbi

whelp; nashobushi, ofu^sik, ofushi

whelp, to; chcli

when; hokma, ik/iia, kaniohmi foka hon
kaniohjnikash, katiohmi, /ana, ma, mano,
mano, mat, mih, i/ok

when he, aluk

when it was so, i/ohmiina

whence; kdtiina, kutlinako11, kaliohni!.

whencesoever, l<mlin<i Ida

whenever, kannnaxh lull /da

where; •?', kanima, katima, katimaho,

katimahosh, katimahon, mato
whereabout, katimafoka
whereas, yamohmi hoka
whereat, yamohmi hoka
whereby, yammak o
wherefore; katiohmi, na katimi, na

katimiho, na katiohmi, nanta, nantimiho,

yamohmi ho
wherein, yammak o
whereof, yammak o
wheresoever, kanima kia
whereunto, nanta
whereupon, yamohmi ho
wherever, kanima kia
wherewith, nanta
whet, to; haluppachi, sholichi
whether; katimakakosh, katimampo, ka-

timampo kakosh, ok
whetstone; ashuahchi, isht halupalli,

isht shuahchi

whetted; halupa, shuahchi
whetter, haluppachi, sholichi
whey, pishukchi okchi
which; a«, ho, kak, katima, katimaho,

katimahosh, katimaian, katimakon, kati-

mampo ho, kati?nampo ka, katimampo

kakon, katimampo kakosh, kat, ma, mak.

mano, mat, mato, nanta, on, ya, yammak

osh

which, the one; a™
which having been, atuk
which of all, katimampo aiyukali kakosh
which of two, katimampo
whichever, nana

whichsoever; kanimampo, katimampo
whiff, fiopa
whiff, to; fiopa

whiffle, to; imanukfila shanaioa
whiffle tree; isuba ahalalli, iti ahulalli,

iti isht halalli

whiffling, i/nanukjila shanaioa
while; itintakla, ititakla, taPl'la
while, a; hopaki, itintakla, kanima
while, to; anta, nitak isht yopoino
while it was so; yohniit itintakla
whilst, itintakla
whimper, to; yaiya
whimsical, imanukfila ilaiyuka
whine, bi»kbia

whine, to; bi'"ka, hi»kbia, kifaha
whiner, bi»kbia
whinny, to; Idlcfta, xilrii'ka
whinnying, xniii'ka

BYIXGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CIIOCTAW LANGUAGE

605

whinock, shukhushi isht aiopi

whip; ishtfama, lukata

whip, to; fammi, mqssahq, 'imissalichi

whip handle, lukatapi

whiplash; isht lukata, lukata wishakchi

whipped, fama

whipper; fammi, fuli isht fammi, na

fammi

whipping; fama, fammi, fuli ishtfama
whipping post, afama
whippletree, isuba ahalqlli
whip-poor-will; chukkilakbila, hachuk-

bilankbila, wahwali
whipsaw, iti isht bqshafalaia
whipsnake, pochunhqtqpa
whipstock, lukatapi
whirl, fali
whirl, to; afolichi, fahfoa, fali, fitekachi,

Jitiha, fitihqchi, fititekqchi, oka foyuha,

okafoyulli

whirl bone, iyin kqlaha wishakchi
whirl quickly, to; fitelichi
whirled; fahakachi, fitekachi, fititekqchi
whirled about, fahfoa
whirler, fall

whirling; fahakachi, fitekachi
whirlpool; oka foyuha, okafoyulli
whirlwind; apanukfila, apeli, apanukfila
whisk, isht pashpoa iskitini
whisk, to; fali, hasimbish fali
whisker, nutakhish

whisky; na homi, oka, oka homi, wishki
whisper, lumat anumpa
whisper, to; lumat anumpuli, shukshua
whisperer; lumat anumpuli, na mihachi

shall

whistle, uskulushi
whistle, to; kunta, sunksoiva
whistler; kunta, uskulush olachi
whistling, kunta
whit, iskitinisi

white; hanta, hatachi, hata, hatakbi, tohbi
white, made; tohbi
white, to grow; hatachi
white, to make; hantqchi, tohbichi
white, to paint; tohbichi
white, to turn; hatachi
white-faced and -footed, ibakshulanli,

ibakshulanshli

white face and feet, to have; ibakshu
lanli

white flour, onush bota
white man; hatak nipi tohbi, hatak nipi

tohbika, na hollo

white of an egg> akank us hi walakachi

white paper, holisso tohbi

white people, na hollo

white-eyed; okshilonli, oktalonli, okv;a-

lonli

whiten, to; hatokbichi, tohbichi, tohb'd ia
whitened; okshauanli, tohbi, tohbit taha
whitener, tohbichi
whiteness, tohbi
whites, the; hata out ia
whitewash, lukfanta
whitewood, iti hata
whither; kanirna, katima
whitish; hatokbi, tohbi chohmi
whitlow, shatali
whittle, to; tali, tili, tilichi
whittled, tala

whiz, to; shinkachi, shilohqch,,
who; at, qnankosh, at, ho, kato, kanahosh,

kqta, ket, nanta, ya, yqt, yon
who, the one; ya
who is, atuk
who so, kqnaho
whoever, kqna kia
whole; achukma, qliha, lakojfi, motna,

okluha, putali

whole, to take the; tomqffi
wholesome, achukma
wholly; bano, mominchi, taha
whom; katimampo ho, kqta, o11
whom, to; kqnaho
whomsoever, kqna kia
whoop; kohunachi, panya
whoop, the death; tashka panya
whoop, to; humpah, kumpachi, panya,

tasaha, tasali

whoop, to make; panyqchi
whoop at the grave, to; tashka panya
whooping, tasaha
whooping cough, hotilhkofinka
whoops, one who; panya
woodpecker, a small, speckled; oktfak
whore; haui, ohoyo haui
whoredom, haui
whoredom, to commit; alia
whoremaster, haui ikbi
whoremonger, ohoyo imalia
whoremonger, to act the; haui pet ich it

nowa

whortleberry, y-ufllo
whortleberry, high bush; oksakohchi
whose; kqta, osh
whoso, kanahosh
whosoever; kqna kia, kanahosh

606

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

why; katihmi, katiohmi, hitiohmi hon,

na katimi, na katimiho, na katiohmi,

nanta, nantami
wick of a candle, honula
wicked; glhpesa, haksi, okpulo, yoshoba
wicked, the; hatak haksi
wicked one, nan tasembo
wickedness, okpulo
wicker, fall atoba
wide; anata, hopglhka, hopatka, hopaki,

maiha, patha
wide apart; shauaha, shauola, shauwalo-

ha, yauaha

wide apart, to cause to be; shauahgchi
wide apart, to make grow; shauwalo-

hgchi
wide apart, to place; shauwalohgchi,

yauahachi

wide enough, patha glhpiesa
wide foot, iyi patha

widely; hopaki, hopakichit, kostinit, lapgt
widen, to; pgthgchi, yatgb'H
widened, patha
widow; glhtakla, i'^hatak illi, ohoyo i™ha-

tak illi

widower, tckchi illi
width; ana (a, hopatka, patha
width of the foot, iyi patha
wife; achuka, amohoyo, itaiena, kgsheho,

ohoyo, tckchi

wife, old; ohoyo kasheho
wife, white man's; na hollo imohoyo,

na hollo tckchi
wig, panshi ialipa
wiggle, to; fatokachi
wiggletails; chunkash apa, hatak chu™-

kgsh apa

wigwam, hatak gpi humma inchuka
wild; uiokla, honayo, hopoyuksa, imala,

ifi anunkaka, kostini, nukshopa, tasembo
wild beasts, nan nukshopa
wild beasts, bad; poa okpulo
wild creatures, nan nukshopa
wilderness; iti anu^ka, kon^i anu^ka,

koniri chito, konai haiaka, ko^iri shabi,

yakni haiaka
wildly, nu kxh opa

wildness; honayo, hopoyuksa, kostini
wile, wilt halcsichi
wih'ly, to act; kostini
will; a, a", achin, achik, ahc, ashkc, chin,

chikc, <-hi(k, Jiachin, he, hct, hi, himma,

hinla, hokina, kachin, lashkc
will (a document), imissa

will, his; ilap ahni

will, the; ahni, aiahni, imanukfila, nan

aiahni
will, to; ahni, aiahni, apesa, anukjilli,

banna, imissa
will be, chinshki
will be, probably; achike
will not; ahe keyu, aheto, awa, chinchint,

he keyu, heto
willful, ilap ahni bieka
willing; ahni, qlhpesa ahni, ome ahni
willow; takoi^sha, tikoi^sha
willow, weeping; tako^wisha naksish

falaia, tikoinsha naksish falaia
wilt, to; balakli, balaklichi, bashechi,

bashi, bilakli, bilaklichi
wilt before a fire, to; polua
wilted; balakli, bashi, bilakli
wily, haksi

win, to; abi, imaiya, inshi
win back, to; okha
wince, to; hchka
wincer, hehka

winch; ishtfotoli, isht shanni
winch, to; habli
wind; fiopa, ilhfiopak, mali
wind, bad or dangerous; mali okpulo
wind, great; mali chito
wind, hot; mali lashpa
wind, south; oka mali mali
wind, strong; mali kallo
wind (or track), to; ahchishi
wind (turn), to; afoli, aiskiachi, fotoli,

olachi

wind, to make; afolichi, polomolichi
wind, violent; mali kallo
wind, water; oka mali
wind along, to; shanakachi
wind around, to cause to; afoblichi
wind feathers on an arrow, to; hotti
wind its way, to; abaiyachi
wind round, to; afoli, apakchulli, apak-
foa, apakfoblichi, apakfoli, apakfopa,

g/oa

windfall, gni chilofa
windgall, shatali
winding; pangla, yinyiki
winding and crooked, yinyiki
windmill, mali tanch afotoha
window; aboha apisa, apisa, apisa isht

glhkgma, okhisushi

window blind, okhisushi isht glhkgma
window shutter, okhisushi isht glhkgma
windpipe; isht Jiopa, kolumpi

BTINGTON]

A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOCTAW LANGUAGE

607

windpipe of a fowl, kalonshi

windward, mali pila

windy, very; mali shall

wine; oka hauashko, oka homi, oka panki,

panki okchi

wine, claret; oka panki humma
wine, port; oka panki humma
wine, red; oka pa™ki humma
wine bibber, oka panki ishko shali
wine cask, oka panki aialhto
wine glass, oka panki aiishko
wine merchant, oka pa™ki kanchi
winefat, aialbiha
wing; ali, sanahchi
wing, to; hika, sanahchi ikbi
•wink; mocholi achqfa, mochukli
wink, to; mocholi, mochukli, mushli,

mushmushli, okmisli
wink at, to; amochonli
winker, mushli

winking of the eye, nishkin mochukli
winner; imaiya, ishi
winning; imaiya, ishi
winnow, to; amalichi, mashlichi
winnowed; mashahchi, mishahchi
winnowing floor, amalichi
winter; hashtula, onaj'a
winter, the early part of; hashtulam-

mona

winter, to; hashtula anta na lopulli
winter house, anunka lashpa
winter quarters for an army, hashtula

tashka chipota aiasha
wintry; hashtula chohmi, kapassa
wipe, to; kasholichi
wipe out, to; kashojfichit kanchi
wiped; kashofa, kashokachi
wiper; isht kashokachi, isht kasholichi,

kasholichi, nan isht kasholichi
wire, talifobassa
wire, to; talifobassa isht takchi
wiredraw, to; shebli, talifobassa ikbi
wiredrawn, shepa
wisdom; ahopoksinka, ahopoyuksa, ho-

poksa, hopoyuksa, nan ithana
wise; ahopoksa, ahopoksia, ahopoyuksa,

apoksia, hopoksa, hopoksia, kostini
wise, the; na kostini
wise, to be on this; yakohmi
wise, to make; hopoksiachi
wise man; hatak hopoksia, hatak hopo
yuksa, hatak kostini
wisely, hopoyuksa
wish; ahni, banna

wish, his; ilap ahni

wish, to; ahni, aiahni, anukfilli, asilhha,

banna, pit
wish for, to; chunkash banna, chunkafsh

ia

wish for more, to; anukshumpa
wish intently, to; banna fchna
wish to go, to; ia
wisher; ahni, banna
wishful; anukfilli, banna
wit; ikhana, imanukjila, imponna
wit, a; hatak imanukjila tunshpa
wit, to; ikhana
witch; chuka ishi kanchak, hatak holhkun-

na, hatak yushpakammi. holhkunna, isht

ahollo, nan apoluma, nan isht ahollo,

ohoyo isht ahollo
witch, a ball-play; apoluma
witch, a great; hatukchaya
witch, to; apolumi, isht ahollo, pakammi
witch ball, isht albi
witch-hazel, iyanabi
witchcraft; fappo, holhkunna, isht ahollo,

yushpakama
witchcraft, to pretend to; isht ahollo

ilahobi
with; aiena, aieninchi, aiitapinha, apeha,

apiha, atakla, aua, awant, hikct anya,

iba, ibafokat, isht, takla
with, to go; ibafokat anya
with all, akaieta
with haste, ashali^ka
with truth, a^lti
withal, aiena

withdraw, to; kucha, mokofa
withe, a hickory; bisali
wither, to; bashechi, bgshi, bilakli, bilak-

lichi, chunnat ia, shila
withered; bashi, bilakli, shila, shulla
withers; iachuna, ikkishi, inkoi, yauashka
withheld, katapa
withhold, to; halalli, katabli
within; anunka, anunkaka, tankla
without; iiksho, iksho, keyukma, kucha
without inhabitants, okla iksho
withstand, to; asonali
witling, imanukjila iksho
witness; aiatokowa, nan anoli, nan ato-

kowa anoli, nana pinsa, pisa
witness; an ear; haklotokosh anoli
witness, to; anoli, ikhana, pisa, yopisa
witty; hopoksia, imanukjila tunshpa
wizard; hatak holhkunna, hatak isht ahollo
woe; ilbasha, na palammi, palammi

608

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 46

woful; ilbqshahe qlhpesa, nukhanklo chito

wolf, nashoba

wolf, he; nashoba nakni

wolf, she; Jiashoba tek

wolf, young; nashobushi

wolf dog, nashoba iklqnna

wolf trap, nashoba inchuka

woman; halak ohoyo, ohoyo

woman, aged; ohoyo kasheho

woman, despised; ohoyo makali

woman, fair; ohoyo pisa aiukli

woman, laboring; ohoyo tonksqli

woman, large; ohoyo chito

woman, mad; ohoyo nukoa

woman, married; tekchi

woman, very young; ohoyo himtnitasi,

ohoyo himmitushi
woman, white; na hollo ohoyo
woman, young; ohoyo himmita
womanish, ohoyo holba
womankind, ohoyo isht atiaka
woman's seat, ohoyo aiomanili
womb; imoshqtto, oshqto, ushqtto, ushi

of oka, ushi aialhto
women, young; ohoyo himmithoa
wonder; aiisht ahollo, okokkoahni
wonder, to; okokkoahni, nanta
wondered, nuklakancha
wonderful, nafehna
wonderful work, na J'ehna
wonders, nafehna

wonders, to perform; aiisht ahollochi
wondrous, nafehna
wont; achaya, chokqmo
wont, to; achayqchi
woo, to; asilhha
wood, iti

wood, burnt; iti alua
wood, green; iti okchanki, iti okchako,

iti okchamali

wood, to; iti hoy o, iti ishi
wood ashes, hituk chubi
wood-shaver, iti ashanji
woodcock, the yellow; jitukhak
wooden; id atoba, iti osh toba
wooden wheel, iti chqnaha
woodland deity, koniri anullkqsha
woodpecker; biskinak, Jitukhak, huxhi iti

chanli
woodpecker, a large, red-headed;

tinkti
woodpecker, a red-headed; bakbak,

chakchak

woodpecker, a small, red-headed; chi-

lantak

woods; iti anunka, kowi
woods, being in the; ko^wi anunka
woody; iti anunka, iti laua
woof, isht tanna
wool; chukfalhpowa hishi, chukji hishi,

hishi

wool hat, chukji hishi shapo
woolen, hishi atoba
woolen cloth; chukji hishi nan tanna,

chukji hishi tanna
woolen yarn, chukfi hishi shana
woolsack, hishi aialhto
word, anumpa
word, short; anumpa kololi, anumpa

kolunfa

Word, the; aba anumpa
word, to; anumpuli
word of life, anumpa isht okchaya
worded, anumpa
wordy, anumpa laua
work; atoksqli, holisso, ikbi, nan toksali,

pilesa, toksali, tonksali
work, a day's; nitak achafa tonksqli
work, not to; toksali
work, to; bili, ikbi, ilhkolichi, pilesa,

pilesqchi, toksalechi, toksali, wushohachi,

yamaska, yamasli, yamohmi
work (as a liquid), to; chibokqchi
work, to cause to; pilesqchi, toksalechi
work, to employ in; toksalechi
work a field, to; osapa toksali
work hard, to; toksali fehna
work in the corn, to; apolichi
work through, to; lukali
work with, to; ibatoksqlechi, ibatonksqli
worked, yqmmqska
worker, toksali
workhouse, atoksqli chuka
working; tonksqli, wushohachi
working day, nitak tonksqli
workingman, hatak na pilesa
workman; hatak tonksqli, nain pilesa,

tonksqli imponna
workmanship; imponna, toba
workshop, atoksqli chuka
world; hatak moma, yakni, yakni lumbo,

yakni lunsa, yakni moma
world, the dark; yakni lu^m
worldly, yakni
worm; hqshinsft, Iqpchu, sltvnshi> tali

shana

Bi'ixcTox] A DICTIONARY OF THE CHOC TAW LA-N<Jl~A<;K 609

worm, cabbage; shunshi kalush apa wounded heart; chunkqsh hulupa, chun~

worm, large yellow dirt; yqla kash nala

worm, tobacco; shunshi hakchuma wounder; lylll, hotupali, nali

worm around, to; yulullit anya wounding, hotupali

worm of a screw, tali shqna wove, tanna

worm-eaten; lunkachi, shunshi aiqpa woven; qlhtqnnafo, tanna

•worming, yi"//iki woven wool, chukji f/ishi tanna

wormy; sJtushi isht abeka, shunshi laua wrangle, itachoa

worn, lipa wrangle, to; achonxi

worn in, to have a place; lam pa wrangler, itachoa

worn out; at aha, lipa, sipokni wranglesome, itachoa shall

worn through, lukafa wrap round, to; afoli, apakfobli, apak-

worried, tikabi foblichi, apakfoli

worry, to; afekomini, anumpulechi, tika- wrap round with, to; isht afoli

bichi wrap up, to; abonullichi, bonulli

worse; aiyqbbi. okpulo fehna, okpulo isht wrapped round, apakfopa

inshat ia wrapped up; abonunta, bonkqchi

worse, to be made; inshalit okpulo wrapper; abonunta, afoachi, bonulli

worship, holitopa wrath; aiisikkopa, ishi nukhobda, nuk-
worship, to; aholitobli, aiokpachi, hobela, nukkilli, nukoa, palqmmi

aba isht aholitobli, holitobli, holitoblit wrathful, nukoa shall

aiokpachi wrathless, nukoa kei/u

worship Jehovah, to; ("hihova aiokpq- wreak, to; onochi

chi wreath; aialipa, ialipa hash-tap toba

worship of Jehovah, Chihowa aiokpachi wreathe, to; ialipeli

worshiper; aiokpachi, aba isht holitobli, wreathed, ialipa

holitobli, isht, holitgbli, lipiqt itola, wreathen, poshola

lipkqchi wreck, aiokpulunka

worshiper of Jehovah, Chihowa aiok- wren; chikchik. chiloha, okchiloha

pqchi wrench, shqnni

worshipful, aiokpachi qlhpesa wrench, to; shanaiqchi, shqnni

worst, okpulo inshaht tali wrenched, shqna

worth; aiilli, holitopa, iqlli wrest, to; ishi, shqnni

worthily, holitopqt wrested, shqna

worthiness, holitopa wrestle, to; ishi, itishi

worthless; ahoba, aknanka, makali, wrestler; itishi, itishi imponna

nanka wrestling, itishi

worthless, to render; makalichi wretch; hatak makali, hatak okpulo^
worthless man, hatak keyu hatak yoshoba

worthy; ahoba, qlhpesa, qlhpiesa, holitopa wretched; ilbqsha, ilbqshahe qlhpesa

worthy man, hatak holitopa wretchedness; ai ilbqsha, ilbqsha

wot, to; ikhana wright, tonksqli imponna

would; hinla. hinlatok. hinlatak, okbano wring, to; bushli. ilbashachi, okbushli^
would have; ahetok. ahctuk shqnni

wound, hofati wringed, shqna

wound, a; abqsha. achanya, ahotupa, wringer; bushli, shqnni

ana la wrinkle; shikofa, shikoica, shinoa, shi~
wound, to; anqli.' bili, hofupachi, hot a- nofa, shinoli, shinonoa, yikkoim, yiko-

pall, mitajji, nali. nalichi kunwa, yikotua, yinyiki

wound, to cause to be; afoli chi wrinkle, to; shikofa, shikof/i, shikoli,.
wound round; afoa, afoyua. apakfoa. shikoira, shinoa, shinofa, shinoffi, shinoli,

apakfopa. qffoa, qlhfoa shinonoa, shinononkqchi, shinonolichi,

wound the feelings, to; hotupali i/ikkou-n. i/ikoli. i/ikola, yikotqchi, yiko-

•wounded; a<hani/a. bila. hotupa. nala tna, yikoicgcfii. yikulli. i/ini/ikechi. yinyiki

610 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 4G

wrinkle, to cause to; xh>koliclii, KM no- yearling; afqinmi, atom pa, -icak'gtampa,

licit i, yikoli, yikolichi, yikotqchi. qtanqpa

wrinkled; shikofa, shikoli, shiko/ra, slti- yearly; afqmmikma, afgmmaiyukali

'noa, shinofu, shinoli, shinonoa, shino- yearn, to; nukhanklo

nonkgc/ti. yqjiinpa, yikkowa, yikofa, yeast; nan ishi shatqmmichi, pgska isht

yikoha, yikokoa, yikota, yikotua, yinyiki shatqmmichi

wrist, ibbak qska yeHj panya, tahpqla

wiist-bands; ibbak tilokgchi abiha, ibbak yell, to; panya, tahpqla, tasali

tilokqchiafohoma, ilefoka shakba afohoma yelling, tasaha

wrist joint; ibbak itgchakglli, ibbak filo- yellow; alakna, lakna

kaclti yellow, to; alakna, lakngchi

writ, //o/i.sxo kqllo yellow dye, isht lakngchi

write, to; holisso ikbi, holissochi, la»Ji yellow dyestuff, nan isht lakngchi

writer; hatak holissochi, holi^ocfti, la"Ji, yellow fever, abeka lakna

ua holissochi yellow hammer, fitukkak

writhe, to; shqna, shqnakgchi yellow jacket; yaknifoi, yakni foishke

writhed, shgna yellow jacket's nest, yaknifoi

writing, holisso yellow man, hatak lakna

writing master, holissochi ikhanancli! yellow negro, hatak lusa lakna

writing paper, hoUsso tohbi yellow woodcock, Jitukhak

writing table; aholissochi, aio'iholixxochi yellowish, laknoba

writing tablet, aholissochi yells, one who; panya

written; holisso, lanj'a yelptto', binka,binkbia,wohwoha,wohwah,

written on, holisso ivolichi, wowoha

wrong; glhpesa, in la, okpulo, yoshoba yeoman, tqshka

wrong, to; ilbqshachi yeomanry, tqshka qliha

wrong side out; a//nkjilenni, a/tnk/i/e- yes> anh, akqt, in, unkah, yau

moa, anukpilcfa yesterday, pilashash

wrongdoer, ilbqshachi yesternight, ninak ash

wronged, ilbqsha 7e^; kin, moma

wronger, ilbqshachi yield, to; haklo, issa, kinaj'a, nulaka ia,

wrongful; glhpesa, ilbqxhahe glhpesa waya, wayqchi

wroth; annkhobela, nu.k-oafc.hna yielded, issa

wrought, toba yoke; ichapoa, ikonlabana, tuklo

wrung out; busha, okbusha yoke, to; ichabli, ikonlabanali

wry; ahauaia, shgna yoked, ikonlabana

wry mouth, ifiboshali yokefellow, ichapa

wry-necked, shanaia yolk; uka^k ushilakna. lakna

yon, yqmma

yacht, royal; minko -inneni •,'

, J . yond, -uam-ma
yam; ahe. ahe kashaha

v i i/v/-'/ * yonder, yarnma

Yankee, Mihkihat.uk ,.

,„.!. / i -i, • i , 7i • • , y°u> ('him, hachi, hachi11, hachta, hachik,

yard; rioLiritn, isnt qlhmsa, nan isht apesa -, . ,' . 7 ' .

/r(lnu/(l hqchim, hgchin, hqchtshno, has, hash, M,

yard, door; wanuta 'ish> oh

yardstick; iti 'isht qlhpisa, nan tgnna isht youn^; him»llf(l, himmitasl, hi mini tq-

glhpina chcka, hininiithoa, himmitushi, himmona,

y&rroWjfgnihasimbish hnlha us^

yawl; pcn-i, ptni/xhi young, to be with; ushikaiya

yawn, to; chi^ino, haini. t/!china young^ to bring forth; ushiche/i

ye; /igi'hi, hgchia, hgchik. ha<-hini, h<i- young, to go with; ushisha/i

chifthno, has, ligxh, li<> young, to make; himmitgchi

yea; ome, yau young man; hatak himmita, hatak himmi-

year, afgnnni taii/achl, hatak hhnm'tgcheka, hatak hi/n-

year, one; afginm! achgfa mithoa

BTINCTONJ

A DICTIONARY OF THE CJ1OCTAW LANGUAGE

young ones; himmithoa, ushi

younger; hintmak, laua

youngest, isht aiopi

youngish., himmita chohmi

youngster, hinun ita

your; ckim, chin, hachi, hachin, hachiin,

hac&innni, hachiti, hachishno
your, to become; hachiniini tobu
your own, hachishno
yourself; chiskno akinli, huchishn<>
youth., himmita
youth, a; hatak hitninita
youth, the; himmita aliha, hintmithoct
youthful, himmita

zambo; hti/nl- law isht atiaka, hatak IH

zany; itakha/ni/i shall, yojtufa shut!

zeal, d'uj-iin ita

zealot, hatak aiywiita

zealous; achi//il-a, i-hilita. <-hu»kaxlt ij

tti , i/iininta

zealous, to make; ch i/itachi
zebra, isuba basoa
zenith, tahokoli
zephyr, hanh-i aiokatala inali
zest, kaxhaha
zest, to; kashahachi
zigzag, yi'ii/iki
zone; apakfopa,folota

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